模块 3 阅读理解
考纲解读
模块 3│ 考纲解读
高考阅读理解要求考生在30—35分钟内完成3—5篇不
同题材、体裁的短文理解。阅读理解作为考查考生语言能
力的重点， 要求考生读懂熟悉的有关日常生活话题的简
短文字材料。考生应能：理解主旨要义；理解文中的具体
信息；作出简单判断和推理；理解文章的基本逻辑结构；
理解态度。同时还要达到以下能力目标：
模块 3│ 考纲解读
(1)能够读懂生词率不超过3%的短文；zxxk
(2)把握短文的主要线索、时间和空间；
(3)能够对短文内容作出简单以及抽象的判断；
(4)理解短文的基本结构，了解重点段落、重点词
句的含义，推测握文章脉络。
(5)熟悉掌握实用性问题的文章，如：书刊、影视、
产品等方面的广告、说明、通知、社评、旅游等。
命题分析
模块 3│ 命题分析
近几年新课标高考的阅读理解题呈现出以下特点：
1．体裁多样，选材新颖，话题广泛
体裁的多样化是最显著的特点，涉及记叙文、说明文、
应用文和议论文，分布趋势如下：说明文一般占40%左右；记
叙文占35%左右；应用文占15%左右；议论文占10%左右。考查
最多的是说明文，特别是国外新科技、新发明的说明文。从
选材上看，涉及人物、故事、社会、文化、政治、经济、科
普、新闻和广告等多种题材，特别关注当今大家都关注的热
点话题，如教育、环境、道德情感、科学发现、生活经历等，
比如：2010上海卷A篇是一篇人物故事，描述了一位为了
模块 3│ 命题分析
人与动物的和谐而努力的“大象公主”；江西卷D篇介
绍的是现代科技对于人们生活的影响。山东卷A篇关注
的是一个特殊的群体：糖尿病人；B篇则是介绍的商品
的过渡包装给环境造成的危害；四川卷B篇向我们介绍
了一款环保、经济的房子，这在节能减排、房价居高不
下的今天很有现实意义，D篇是有关索盗的文章；陕西
卷D篇则选取了垃圾邮件的话题。这都显示了选材的广
泛性、时代性和人文性。
模块 3│ 命题分析
2．语言地道，题型合理
材料都是选取原汁原味的英语文章，所选的材料均来
源于实际生活，涉及的内容也是实际生活内容，强调语篇
选材的真实性。在题型设计上，包括细节理解题、推理判
断题、主旨大意题和词义猜测题等几大题型，其中细节理
解题保持了50%的比重，仍为考查重点，但是选项并非与
文章完全对应，而是换一种表述方法，或根据“弦外之音
”猜测隐含细节的理解。推理判断题呈上升趋势，主旨大
意题及词义猜测题的比重基本保持稳定。
应试点睛
模块 3│ 应试点睛
一、掌握策略，战无不胜
阅读理解无论从难度还是分数所占比重都是首先
应该受到学生重视的，但很多同学在做阅读理解时总
是感觉时间不够用，其实同学们只要灵活处理好以下
几个方面的关系，这个问题便可迎刃而解：
模块 3│ 应试点睛
1．正确处理好“快”与“准”的关系
新课标高考阅读理解一般为4—5篇短文，设置20道
单选题，考试时间30—35分钟。这就要求考生在处理阅
读理解的时候既要“快”，又要“准”。也就是说，在
准确把握文章整体、细节以及严密推理的基础上，尽量
提高阅读速度，而不是单纯地追求阅读速度。这样对文
章的理解就会非常清晰，哪些题目是自己有把握的，哪
些是拿不准的，心里也就有了底。然后对自己拿不准的
题目再仔细推敲，力争有所突破。
模块 3│ 应试点睛
2．正确处理好复杂句式、生词和选择答案的关系
高考阅读的长句、难句的数量逐年增多。结构复杂、修饰语叠缀、
信息容量大的句子在新课标的高考试卷中频频出现，有时一个句子占几
行甚至一个自然段。这就造成了理解的困难，而且也增加了考生的心理
压力。为此，建议大家对这些拦路虎加以正确区分对待：与题目无关，
不影响理解文章大意的，就不必浪费时间和精力；相反，那些和题目相
关的长难句，我们就要首先分析其类型(是带有较多成分的简单句，还
是含有多个简单句的并列句，还是含有多个从句的复合句，还是含有多
个插入成分的句子)，然后理清句子成分，去除干扰成分，抓住句子主
干，这样就能准确地把握句子的意义。
模块 3│ 应试点睛
对待生词也应该采取同样的方法，首先看看生
词是否与题目、文章的大意有关，如果是题目要求
所必需的，我们就要弄清楚生词所处的语境，以及
和上下文的联系，推测生词的含义，否则就忽略它。
模块 3│ 应试点睛
3．正确处理好所需信息与剩余信息的关系
一篇阅读理解一般在250—400词左右，通常设3—5题。
一定会有大量的剩余信息。因此，我们在做题时，没有必
要把每一句都弄得清清楚楚，只要重点理解与题目有关的
信息就可以了。这就要求考生在答题时，最好先大体浏览
一下文后的题目，确定主攻方向，然后带着问题阅读文章，
特别要关注首尾段和首尾句，把握文章的主题和脉络，摘
取有用的材料，舍弃无关的信息。然后针对测试题的要求，
细心阅读与问题有关的段落、句子或词汇。
模块 3│ 应试点睛
4．所选有据，忠实原文，避免主观
做题时，我们必须以式为准绳，以原文提供的事
实、细节和逻辑关系为自己思维活动的基准点，切忌
把自己的观点和看法当作原文或同时，符合原文的选
项是正确答案但不一定就是最佳答案，阅读题要求选
的是最佳答案，有的答案从某个枝节来看是对的，但
从全文来看则不是最佳的，因此，必须通盘考虑，取
主要，舍枝节。
模块 3│ 应试点睛
二、明确步骤，战无不胜
第一步，阅读题干，明确问题。在阅读文章之
前，可以通过题干对文章进行初步了解。这样，在
下一步阅读时就可以针对问题直接找答案，减少了
盲目性。
第二步，快速掌握大意，不在细节上纠缠。在
第一步的基础上迅速阅读并对文章有大致的了解。
这是选出正确答案的前提。
模块 3│ 应试点睛
第三步，阅读问题题干及其选项，在文中寻找相
关的材料并预选答案。可在文中相应处做出标记，以
便进一步了解并最终确定答案。
第四步，带着问题略读原文，确定答案。答完所
有题目后，再快速阅读一遍文章，检查各题所选答案
是否正确。查看各题答案是否前后照应，与原文有无
矛盾，文中是否有疏漏的重要线索。
模块 3│ 应试点睛
三、熟悉规律，减少失误
有时候四个选项中总有一个极，很多同学感触颇
深，因此，了解阅读理解题中的干扰项的特点，可以
大大减少我们不必要的失误。概括起来，干扰项可分
为以下三种类型：
1．与原文矛盾。即选项与文章内容相矛盾。这
种选项的干扰性较小，只要仔细阅读就可排除。
模块 3│ 应试点睛
2．无中生有。即选项与文章内容不矛盾，但在
文中没有相关信息支持，没有根据。这类选项的干扰
较大。在做此类题时，切忌把自己或他人观点作为选
择依据。
3．答非所问。选项与题目关系不大，选项没有
针对题目来阐述。这类题目干扰性也较大。同学们在
做此类题时，不仅要判断选项内容的正确性，还应注
意选项是否针对题目。
题型探究
模块 3│ 题型探究
【命题形式】
1．Which of the following statements is True (NOT
True)?
2．Which of the questions has not been mentioned
(or discussed) in the passage?
3．What is the reason that…？
4．What do we know about…？
5．How did the people know the couple’s problem?
6．Why was the bike so important to the couple?
► 探究点一 细节理解型
模块 3│ 题型探究
【解题策略】
1．掌握技巧，灵活运用
(1)细心审题，直接就题找答案。解答此类试题时，
不必通篇细看原文，而应采取“带着问题找答案”的
方法，先从问题中抓住关键性词语(题眼)，然后以此
为线索，运用略读及查读的技巧快速在文章中寻找与
此问题相关的段落、语句，仔细品味，对照比较，确
定答案。
模块 3│ 题型探究
(2)变通理解，间接转述找答案。细节理解题通
常采用词语和句型转换的形式来取代原文中的表述，
命题者在出这类题时惯用“偷、戴”的手法来迷惑
考生，即对原句细微处做改动，截取原文词语或结
构进行改造，因果倒置，把A的观点说成B的观点等。
所以正确理解题干和信息句的意义是关键。
模块 3│ 题型探究
(3)多点归纳，综合事实找答案。细节理解题有时考查
的并不是单一的信息，而是多处信息的整合。解答此类“
综合”信息细节题时，一定要全面捕捉相关信息，进行综
合分析、归纳，切忌根据“一面之词”草率地作出结论。
2．了解特点，对症下药
(1)直接信息题
直接信息题能直接从原文中找到信息，而且选项和原
文在语言表述上也没有大的变化或有时候仅仅在表达方式
上稍作转化。
模块 3│ 题型探究
【典例1】 [2010·宁夏海南] …
The Birthplace is within easy walking distance
of all the car parks shown on the map; nearest is
Windsor Street(3 minutes’ walk).
The House may present difficulties but the
Visitors’ Centre, its exhibition, and the garden
are accessible(可进入的)to wheelchair users.
The Shakespeare Coffee House (opposite the
Birthplace).
模块 3│ 题型探究
( ) wheelchair user may need help to
enter________ .
A．the House B．the garden
C．the Visitors’ Centre D．the exhibition hall
【解析】 A 题干关键词为：wheelchair。根据选文中的“The
House may present difficulties but the Visitors’ Centre,
its exhibition, and the garden are accessible(可进入的) to
wheelchair users. ”可知：对于轮椅使用者来说，可能进入房子有
些困难，但是游客中心，展览厅还有花园都可以进入。由此可以直接
得出答案。
模块 3│ 题型探究
(2)间接信息题
这类题目我们能够从文章中找到信息，但原文信息又
不是解题所直接需要的，需要我们对原文信息进行合理地
加工处理，根据信息做简单推理或鉴别。它是介于直接信
息题和推理判断题之间的一种题型。
【典例2】 To us，the most important decision
you’ll make is to choose the school that really
fits you best—not the one that is the
mostpetitive(有竞争力的)or has the best equipped
rooms.
模块 3│ 题型探究
( ) author thinks you should choose the
college that is ________.
A．wellequipped Bpetitive
C．suitable D．famous
【解析】 C 从文中可以看出，学校的时候最重要的
是学校要适合(fit)你，即选项C，而不是“装备最好的”
或“最有竞争力的”。
模块 3│ 题型探究
(3)综合信息题
这类题目的信息不仅仅涉及文章的某一句话，还
可能涉及文章的几句话，而且有时可能散落在文章的
不同地方，因此要求考生把原文所提供的信息综合起
来分析，而不能“断章取义”，也不能戴。
模块 3│ 题型探究
【典例3】 [2010·湖北]
…
Third, needing to be right. It doesn’t matter
what the topic is—politics, the s of physics, or
the proper way to break an egg—the point of these
arguments is to prove that you are right and the
other person is wrong, for both wish to be
considered an authority—someone who actually knows
something—and therefore tomand respect.
Unfortunately, as long as parents and teens
continue to assume that they know more than the
other, they’ll continue to fight these battles
forever and never make any real progress.
模块 3│ 题型探究
( ) and teens want to be right
because they want to ________.
A．give orders to the other
B．know more than the other
C．gain respect from the other
D．get the other to behe properly
模块 3│ 题型探究
【解析】 C 题干的关键词是want to be right
because，回原文定位到该段的“Third, needing to be
right”. 然后接着往下看“It doesn’t matter what the
topic is—politics, the s of physics, or the proper
way to break an egg—the point of these arguments is
to prove that you are right and the other person is
wrong, for both wish to be
模块 3│ 题型探究
considered an authority—someone who actually
knows something—and therefore tomand respect. ”
这句话虽然看起来很复杂，如果遇到插入语可以跳过不看，
这里破折号中间的内容均为插入语某省市略，句子就会变
得简单得多。又由于题干是对原因的提问，这里我们只需
重点看for后面的内容，“for both wish to be
considered an authority and therefore tomand
respect”，故答案为C。
模块 3│ 题型探究
(4)是非辨别型
这是一类综合事实细节题，出题形式常常是“三正一误”(三项正确，
只有一项不符合原文内容)或“三误一正”(三项错误，只有一项符合原
文内容)。
【典例4】 [2010·山东] Christopher Thomas,27，was a writer
by night and a teacher by day when he noticed he was always
tired and was losing weight with diabetes(糖尿病
)，Thomas would need to inject himself with insulin(胰岛素)
three times a day for the rest of his life or risk nerve damage
，blindness and even if that weren’t bad enough，he
had no health insurance.
模块 3│ 题型探究
After a month of feeling upset，Thomas decided
he’d better find a way to fight left
Canton，Michigan for New York，got a job waiting
tables，nicknamed himself the Diabetic Rockstar，
and created diabeticrockstar，a free onlinemunity
for diabetics and their loved ones—a place where
over 1,100 people share personal stories，
information and resources.
模块 3│ 题型探究
Jason Swencki’s son，Kody，was diagnosed with
diabetes at and son visit the online
children’s forums(ether most evenings.“Kody gets
so excited，writing to kids from all over，”says
Swencki，one of the site’s volunteers.“They know
what he’s going through，so he doesn’t feel
alone.”
Kody is anything but alone：Diabetes is now the
seventh leading cause of death in the United States
，with 24 million diagnosed more people
are being diagnosed at younger ages.
模块 3│ 题型探究
These days，Thomas’s main focus is his
charity(慈善机构)，Fight It，which provides
medicines and supplies to people—225 to date —who
can’t afford a diabetic’s huge expenses.
Fight has raised about $23,000—in products
and in May，Thomas will hold the first
annual Diabetic Rockstar Festival in the Caribbean.
模块 3│ 题型探究
Even with a staff of 22 volunteers，Thomas
often devotes up to 50 hours a week to his cause，
while still doing his fulltime job waiting
tables.“Of the diabetes charities out there，most
are putting money into finding a cure，”says
Bentley Gubar，one of Rockstar’s original
members.“But Christopher is the only person I know
saying people need help now.”
模块 3│ 题型探究
( ) of the following is true of
Christopher Thomas?
A．He needs to go to the doctor every day.
B．He studies the leading cause of diabetes.
C．He has a positive attitude to his disease.
D．He encourages diabetics by writing articles.
模块 3│ 题型探究
【解析】 C 通读全文可知，Christopher Thomas对
于自己的疾病采取了积极的态度，所以C项正确。A项与
Thomas would need to inject himself with insulin(胰
岛素) three times a day for the rest of his life不
符；B项文中未提到；D项提到的写作是Thomas的专职工作，
而他在抗击糖尿病方面的志愿工作是运作Fight It 这个慈
善机构。
模块 3│ 题型探究
(5)事实排序题
这是一类运用多项事实进行排序的事实细节题，要求根
据动作发生的先后顺序、时间顺序或者句子之间的逻辑关系，
找出时间发生、发展的正确顺序。
【典例5】
…
A Russian yer yesterday said the country’s
border guards repeatedly fired on and sank the
fleeing Chinese cargo vessel off Russia’s coast on
Sunday.
模块 3│ 题型探究
Alexander Selentsov, a officer in Vladivostok city,
told the Interfax News Agency the Russian border guards
received orders from the Federal Security Service last weekend
“to open fire ”on New Star, the Chinese ship, to stop it
from escaping Russia’s Nakhodka port.
“The order was carried out after radio warnings，”he
said.
Russian officials had preciously denied border guards had
fired on the ship after local media reported the incident and
said severe weather caused the sinking.
模块 3│ 题型探究
Vladivostok Daily Newsm the first newspaper to
report that the ship was fired upon, said more than
500 rounds were shot at the ships bow and stern.
The Russian border guards watched the ship sink
for nearly 24 hours, and made no response to the
crewmen’s cries for help, the report said.
Sixteen sailors from New Star boarded two
lifeboats, Russian crewmen sed one lifeboat. While
the other, carrying seven Chinese and an Indonesian,
was swallowed by wes.
…
模块 3│ 题型探究
( ) is the right order of the ship
sinking?
a. New Star overturned and started sinking.学科网
b. One lifeboat was swallowed by wes.
c. Russian warship fired upon New Star.
d. Sailors boarded two life boats.
A．a c b d B．b a c d
C．c a d b D．d c a b
模块 3│ 题型探究
【解析】 C 事实排序题。由文章的介绍可以看出，
这些事件中：俄罗斯军舰开火发生在最前面，然后是“新星
号”下沉，接下来是船员登上救生艇，最后是一艘救生艇被
海水吞没。
【规律技巧提炼】 在具体的解答中可采用 “首尾定
位法”，即先找出首先发生的事和最后发生的事，迅速缩
小选择范围，从而快速选出答案。
模块 3│ 题型探究
(6)数据计算题
要弄清数据间的逻辑关系，选准正确的数据进行计算，
同时弄清单位之间的换算关系。
【典例6】 [2010·宁夏海南] Shakespeare’s
Birthplace and Exhibition of Shakespeare’s World
模块 3│ 题型探究
( ) much is the admission for a family
of two grownups and two children?
A．$ B．$
C．$ D．$
【解析】 B 题干关键词为admission。由此可知，应
该去第二个表格中寻找相关的信息。根据第二个表格中
Family ￡ (2 adults ＋ up to 3 children)，即是一
家人(2个成年人＋至多3个小孩)需要￡可知答案。
模块 3│ 题型探究
主旨大意题是高考阅读理解中不可缺少的阅读题型之一，
而且难度比较大。细分起来，主要考查学生对文章的中心思
想、及写作意图等的理解能力。
【命题形式】
1．考查文章的中心思想
The main idea/key point of this passage is
that________.
The passage is mainly about ________.
► 探究点二 主旨大意型
模块 3│ 题型探究
From the passage we can learn/conclude
that________.
Which of the following statements best expresses
the main idea of the passage?
2．考查文章标题的选择
The best title/headline for this passage
is________.
Which of the following is the best title?
What would be the best title for the text?
The title that best expresses the idea of this
passage is________.
模块 3│ 题型探究
【解题策略】
1．抓住主题句，锁定文章主旨
找准主题句是关键。寻找主题句多采用浏览法
(skimming)。主题句有可能在文章开头，或在一段的开头，
也有可能在中间或末尾。在很多情况下，主题句如果在段
首，其后可能有for example，first，second等信息词。
主题句如果在段末，其前可能有above all，all in all等
信息词。利用这些信息词，可帮助你迅速找到主题句。一
般来说，文章前三句所提供的信息能够让读者了解其大
模块 3│ 题型探究
大致内容，而读懂每段的第一句话则有助于掌握本段的主要
内容。这样做的目的不仅在于可以迅速地把握全段的大意，
更重要的是，在时间紧迫的情况下，可以对一段话进行缩读、
略读和扫读。
2．抓住段落大意，概括中心思想
寻找整篇文章的中心思想是建立在寻找具体段落中心的
基础上的。各段落中心的整体归纳便是文章的中心思想。不
能以偏概全，也不能在概括时过于宽泛，要恰如其分。
模块 3│ 题型探究
3．抓住主线和关键，归纳文章中心
分析的方法是：先弄清该文章主要讲了哪几方面的内
容，这些内容在逻辑上有什么联系，然后加以归纳形成主
题。了解文章的结构，把握住全篇的文脉，即句与句、段
与段之间的逻辑关系。对这种能力的考查一般反映在文章
的中心内容、文中某一段的大意或指代关系的题目中。
模块 3│ 题型探究
【典例1】 [2010·四川]
…
(第四段)Candidates(申请人) will he experience
of both management and research support/technical
of research operations and
excellentmunication skills are necessary. Education
to degree level is also desirable.
…
模块 3│ 题型探究
( ) does the fourth paragraph mainly talk
about?
A．The technical skills of a wouldbe ROM.
B．The practical experience of a wouldbe ROM.
C．The personal information of a wouldbe ROM.
D．The necessary requirements for a wouldbe ROM.
模块 3│ 题型探究
【解析】 D 主旨大意题。依据第四段提供的信
息，申请人要有管理和技术服务的经验、研究操作的
知识及极好的交际技能等可知本段主要谈及对应聘职
位者的具体能力要求。
模块 3│ 题型探究
【典例2】 [2010·辽宁] Too much TVwatching
can harm children’s ability to learn and even
reduce their chances of getting a college degree,
new studies suggest in the latest effort to
examine the effects of television on children.
One of the studies looked at nearly 400
northern California thirdgraders. Those with TVs
in their bedrooms scored about eight points lower
on math and language arts tests than children
without bedroom TVs.
模块 3│ 题型探究
A second study ，looking at nearly 1,000
grownups in New Zealand, found lower education
levels among 26yearolds who had watched lots of
TV during childhood. But the results don’t prove
that TV is the cause and don’t rule out that
already poorly motivated youngsters (年轻人)may
watch lots of TV.
…
模块 3│ 题型探究
( ) would be the best title for this
text?
Aputers or Television
B．Effects of Television on Children
C．Studies on TV and College Education
D．Television and Children’s Learning Habits
【解析】 B 主旨大意题。该文属于主题句在篇首。
通读全文可知，文章主要通过两项研究分析了儿童看电视
所造成的影响。文章第一段第一句话是主题句，所以B项
作为标题是最佳的。
模块 3│ 题型探究
【规律技巧提炼】 新闻报道的第一段一般首先概
括全文的中心，然后再详细叙述事件的发生、发展和
结局，因此其第一段一般是全文的主题段。另外有些
说明性或议论性文章也会开门见山地提出文章说明的
中心或阐述的观点，然后再展开说明或论述。
模块 3│ 题型探究
【典例3】 [2010·重庆]
One morning more than thirty years ago，I
entered the Track Kitchen，a restaurant where
everyone from the humblest(卑微的)to the most
powerful came for noticed an empty
chair next to an elderly，unshen man，who looked
somewhat was wearing a wornout hat
and was asked if I might join
agreed quietly and I sat down to he my breakfast.
模块 3│ 题型探究
We cautiously began a conversation and spoke
about a wide range of never introduced
was concerned that he might he no
money and not be able to afford something to
as I rose to go back to the counter and
buy a second cup of coffee，I asked，
“May I get you something？”
“A coffee would be nice.”
模块 3│ 题型探究
Then I bought him a cup of talked
more，and he accepted another cup of
，I rose to lee，wished him well，
and headed for the the door I met one of
my asked，
“How did you get to know ？”
“Who？”
“The man you were sitting is chairman
of the Board of Churchill Downs.”
模块 3│ 题型探究
I could hardly believe was buying，
offering a free breakfast，and feeling pity for
one of the world’s richest and most powerful
men!
My few minutes with changed my
I try to treat everyone with respect，no
matter who I think they are，and to meet another
human being with kindness and sincerity.
模块 3│ 题型探究
( ) is the message mainly expressed
in the story?
A．We should learn to be generous.
B．It is honorable to help those in need.
C．People in high positions are not like what
we expect.
D．We should oid judging people by their
appearances.
模块 3│ 题型探究
【解析】 D 主旨大意题。该文属于主题句在篇末。
根据文章最后一句Now I try to treat everyone with
respect, no matter who I think they are, and to
meet another human being with kindness and
sincerity. 可知，的是不要以貌取人。由此判断选D项。
模块 3│ 题型探究
【规律技巧提炼】
有些说明文或议论文先说明或议论一般的问题或
现象，然后具体阐述正确的方式或点，等到把一切问
题都说透了，所有论据都摆全了，最后用一句话来概
括全文，点明文章的中心，此种情况下文章的主题句
出现在文章的最后。
模块 3│ 题型探究
【典例4】 [2010·江西]
Andy rode slowly on his way to school，
daydreaming about the fishing trip that his
father had promised was so busy dreaming
about all the fish he would catch that he was
unaware of everything else around him.
模块 3│ 题型探究
He rode along until a strange sound drew him
to the came to a stop and looked
curiously up to the he saw shocked and
terrified huge swarm of bees filled the sky
like a black cloud and the buzzing mass seemed to
be heading angrily towards him.
模块 3│ 题型探究
With no time to waste，Andy sped off in the opposite
direction，riding furiously—but without knowing how to escape
the a rapidly beating heart and his legs pumping
furiously，he sped down the rough the bees came closer，
his panic knew that he was sensitive to bee
stings(蜇)．The last sting had landed him in hospital—and that
was only one bee sting！He had been forced to stay in bed for
two whole ，his father’s words came to him.“When
you are in a tight situation，don’t your brain and
think your way out of it.”
模块 3│ 题型探究
On a nearby hill，he could see smoke wing
slowly skywards from the chimney of the Nelson
family home.“Bees don’t like smoke，”he
thought.“They couldn’t get into the house.”Andy
raced towards the Nelson house，but the bees were
gaining knew he could not reach the
house in estimated that the bees would
catch up with him soon.
模块 3│ 题型探究
Suddenly，out of the corner of his eyes，he
spotted a small dam used by to irrigate
his vegetable garden. Off his bike and into the
cool water he dived，disappearing below the surface
and away from the sage holding his
breath for as long as he could，Andy came up for
air and noticed the bees had himself
out of the dam，he struggled up the hilly slope and
rang the took him inside and
rang his mother.
模块 3│ 题型探究
“You’ll really need that fishing break to
help you recover，” laughed his mother with
relief.“Thank goodness you didn’t panic！”But
Andy did not hear was dreaming once again
of the fish he would catch tomorrow.
模块 3│ 题型探究
( ) of the following can best
describe Andy’s escape from the bees?
A．No pains, no gains.
B．Once bitten, twice shy.
C．Where there is a will, there is a way.
D．In time of danger, one’s mind works fast.
模块 3│ 题型探究
【解析】 D 主旨大意题。本文讲述了主人公
Andy在上学途中遭遇蜂群攻击， 急中生智， 最后顺
利避开蜜蜂，逃过一劫的故事。根据最后一段第二句
Andy妈妈的话“Thank goodness you didn’t panic
(地你没有慌神)”可知，情急之下Andy仍然成功想到
办法脱险，再综合A、B、C、D四个选项的意思， 可以
判断出答案为D选项。
模块 3│ 题型探究
【规律技巧提炼】
阅读中最棘手的恐怕要数所选的短文出现无主题句
的情况。如果没有主题句，考生可以采用提纲挈领法，
通过分析细节把文章的要点归纳出来。尤其是记叙文，
叙述事件所发生的时间或介绍人物，并不发表自己的观
点，因此主题往往比较含蓄和隐蔽。这时可以回顾全文
来概括文章的主旨，具体方法是：
模块 3│ 题型探究
1．判断出文章的主题究竟是指一个人、一个地方
还是一件事情或者是某一事情的过程、方法。总之，人、
物、地点、思想或过程都可以成为文章的主题。
2．读完一篇短文后应有意识地回味一下文章的大
致内容，理一理文章的脉络，体会一下段与段之间的内
在联系。一般来说文章的中心就能概括出来，涉及文章
大意主旨方面的题目自然会在头脑中由模糊变清晰。
模块 3│ 题型探究
历年高考都把猜测词义作为考生应该掌握的一项
阅读技能列入试题，词义推断可以是一个单词的意义
推断，也可以是一个短语或句子的意义推断，既可以
是生词意义，也可以是熟词新意；还可以是对替代词
所替代内容的判断。
► 探究点三 词义猜测型
模块 3│ 题型探究
【命题形式】
1．The underlined words “took off ” in
paragraph 2 mean “________”．
2．What does the underlined word “them” in
the last paragraph refer to?
3．The underlined sentence in the second
paragraph implies that________.
4．Which of the definitions is closest in
meaning to the word “exotic” in the third
paragraph?组卷网
模块 3│ 题型探究
5．The underlined phrase “ turn his back on”
(paragraph 6) most probably means ________.
6．By saying “ We need them yesterday
”(paragraph 7)，Stover means that snakelike robots
________.
模块 3│ 题型探究
【解题策略】
1．根据定义、解释或同位关系来猜测词义。
句子中有些词其前或其后的文字中就有该词的定义或解释，
我们可通过对其定义或解释的理解推测出它的词义。定义、
解释多样，常用“to be defined as, to be called, that
is to be, to mean, to refer to, that is (to say), in
other words, namely”等词语预示着下文对前文的信息加
以重复或解释。还有一些标点符号，如：冒号、破折号、括
号等都表示后文要继续解释说明前文。
模块 3│ 题型探究
2．依据反义词和对比关系猜测词义。运用对比手法
描述事物或现象是文章写作的一种常用的修辞手法。在这
种修辞手段下，些信号词来提供相反信息，从而表明一个
词与前面的另一个词互为反义。常用的信号词有：
but/yet/however/nevertheless; while/whereas;
otherwise/or else; unlike/instead/ rather than; by
contrastpared to; on the contrary/ on the other
hand 等。
模块 3│ 题型探究
3．依据逻辑推理猜测词义。运用逻辑推理猜测词义是
使用最广、考查最多，也最的猜词方式。要求考生具备整
合分散复杂信息的能力，充分利用上下文中相关的词汇并
结合具体的语境，从形式和内容上把握语言之间的内在联
系，理顺语言之间的逻辑关系，进而达到猜词的目的。常
见的逻辑关系有：因果关系、同位关系、对比关系、转折
关系等。此外，考生还可以依据词性变化和词义变化 ( 词
义引申 )来猜测词义。
模块 3│ 题型探究
( )【典例】 [2010·陕西] When I first got an
email account ten years ago, I receivedmunications
only from family, friends, and colleagues. Now it
seems that every time I check my email, I he an
endless series of advertisements and other
correspondence that do not interest me at all. If
we want email to continue to be useful, we need
specific s that make spamming(发送垃圾邮件) a
crime.
模块 3│ 题型探究
( ) does the underlined word
“correspondence” in the Paragraph 1 probably
mean?
A．Messages. B．Ideas.
C．Connections. D．Programs.
【解析】 A 词义猜测题。本题是根据前后逻辑推理猜
测词义。根据本文中的email一词以及endless series of
advertisements可以推断出correspondence在此处意思是：
信件，垃圾邮件，由此可知本题选A。
模块 3│ 题型探究
推理判断试题属于高层次阅读理解题。这种题型
包括判断题和推理题。这两类题常常相互依存，推理
是为了得出正确的判断，正确的判断又依赖于合乎逻
辑的推理。做好该题型要从整体上把握语篇内容，在
语篇的表面意义与隐含意义、已知信息与未知信息间
架起桥梁，透过字里行间，去体会之音”。推理判断
题常常可以分为如下几类：
► 探究点四 推理判断型
模块 3│ 题型探究
(1)细节推断。如时间、地点、人物关系等；
(2)逻辑推断。根据已知的结果推断导致结果产生的
可能原因；(3)目的、意图、态度推断。根据文章的
论述，推断的以及度；(4)预测想象推断。文章没有
明确说明，要求根据语篇对文章可能涉及的内容进
行预测判断。
模块 3│ 题型探究
【命题形式】
1．It can be inferred from the passage (or the
last paragraph) that…
2．It can be learned from the passage (or the last
paragraph) that…
3．It can be concluded from the passage (or the
last paragraph) that…
4．It implies that…
模块 3│ 题型探究
5．Where would you most probably find this
passage?
6．What would the author most likely continue
to talk about in the next paragraph(s)?
7．What is the author’s main purpose in this
passage?
8．The writer’s purpose in writing this story
is________.
模块 3│ 题型探究
【解题策略】
1．解答推理判断题时，应清楚所要解答的问题是针对某
个细节进行推断，还是针对主题思想。针对细节的推断，可首
先通过辨认细节、事实的追忆技巧，了解并理解有关的事实或
证据，然后运用查读法，迅速在阅读材料中确定推理依据的位
置或范围，并对这些事实或证据进行分析和评价，然后再进行
推理判断。针对主题思想做推断时，先根据主题思想，再分
模块 3│ 题型探究
析句子之间的逻辑关系，区分观点与例证、原因与结
果、主观点与次观点，要注意抓住关键词、短语、句
子或段落，透彻理解文章内容，注意文章结构层次和
逻辑关系，并结合阅读材料外的有关生活、社会的常
识，仔细斟酌，作出准确的推断和引申。甚至要借助
常识作出合理的推断和判断。
模块 3│ 题型探究
2．推测上下文的的内容
(1)推测下文的内容：关注最后一段的内容，尤
其是最后的两三句话，根据行推理。
(2)推测上文的内容：关注第一段，特别是文段
开始的几句话。
模块 3│ 题型探究
3．根据事实细节，推断合理信息。推理题要求在理解
原文表面文字信息的基础上，作出一定判断和推论，从而得
到文章的隐含意义和深层意义。推理题所涉及的内容可能是
文中某一句话，也可能是某几句话，但做题的指导思想都是
以文字信息为依据，既不能做出在原文中找不到文字根据的
推理，也不能根据表面文字信息做多步推理。也就是说，要
做到判断有据， 推论有理， 忠实原文。切忌用自己的观点
代替切忌片面思考，得出片面结论。
模块 3│ 题型探究
4．推断应当全面理解文章的内容及文章的中心思想，
注意能够表露和感情色彩的形容词、副词、动词及所
举的例子。
5．推测写作目的
不同的文章可能有不同的写作目的， 但写作目的通常
有以下三种：
模块 3│ 题型探究
(1) to entertain readers(娱乐读者，让人发笑)
常见于故事类的文章。to make people laugh; to tell an
interesting experience。
(2) to persuade readers(说服读者接受某种观点)
常见于广告类的文章。to sell a product or a service;
to attract more visitors/readers/audience。
(3) to inform readers(告知读者某些信息)
多见于科普类﹑新闻报道类﹑文化类或社会类的文章。
模块 3│ 题型探究
【典例1】 [2010·浙江]
My family and I lived across the street from
Southway Park since I was four years just
last year the city put a chain link fence around
the park and started bulldozing (用推土机推平) the
trees and grass to make way for a new
apartmentplex. When I saw the fence and bulldozers
，I asked myself，“Why don’t they just lee it
alone？”
模块 3│ 题型探究
Looking back，I think what sentenced the park
to oblivion (被遗忘) was the drought (旱灾) we had
about four years until then，Southway Park
was a nice green park with plenty of trees and a
public swimming friends and I rollerskated
on the sidewalks，climbed the trees，and swam in
the pool all the years I was growing park
was almost like my own the summer I was
fifteen the drought came and things changed.
模块 3│ 题型探究
There had been almost no rain at all that
city stopped watering the park
a few weeks I found myself living
across the street from a huge brown
fell off the park trees，and pretty soon the trees
started dying，，the park swimming pool
was city cut down on the work force
that kept the park，and pretty soon it just got
too ugly and dirty to enjoy anymore.
模块 3│ 题型探究
As the drought lasted into the fall，the park
got worse every rubbish piled up or blew
across the brown the only people in the
park were beggars and other people down on their
said drugs were being sold or traded
there park had gotten scary，and my mother
told us kids not to go there anymore.
模块 3│ 题型探究
The drought finally ended and things seemed to
get back to normal，that is，everything but the
had gotten into such bad shape that the city
just let it stay that about six months ago
I heard that the city was going to “redevelop”
certain wornout areas of the turned out that
the city had planned to get rid of the park，sell
the land and let someone build rows of apartment
buildings on it.
模块 3│ 题型探究
模块 3│ 题型探究
( ) did the writer feel when he saw
the fence and bulldozers?
A．Scared. B．Confused.
C．Upset. D．Curious.
【解析】 C 推理判断题。根据第一段叙述了解到始住
在Southway Park对面。从第二段了解到朋友在公园里玩耍。
而现在公园被围了起来，事实上，、沮丧，因为自己不能
去玩了。
模块 3│ 题型探究
( ) was the writer told not to go to
the park by his mother?
A．It was being rebuilt.
B．It was dangerous.
C．It became crowded.
D．It had turned into a desert.
【解析】 B 推理判断题。仔细阅读第四段，可以了
解到，公园被废弃了，里面住着流浪汉，甚至有人贩毒，
所以母亲叮嘱我们不要去那里，因为危险。
模块 3│ 题型探究
( ) to the writer, what
eventually brought about the disappearance of the
park?
A．The drought.
B．The crime.
C．The beggars and the rubbish.
D．The decisions of the city.
模块 3│ 题型探究
【解析】 D 推理判断题。从第五段，可以明显地
了解到：干旱结束了，但是政府仍然对公园不管不问，
而是要重新规划这块废弃地，在the city had planned
to get rid of the park”。故选择D。
模块 3│ 题型探究
( ) last sentence of the passage
implies that if another drought came，________.
A．the situation would be much worse
B．people would he to desert their homes
C．the city would be fully prepared in advance
D．the city would he to redevelop the
neighborhood
模块 3│ 题型探究
【解析】 A 推理判断题。最后一段条街道的
变化，变得更加拥挤了。从而种思考：如果再来一
次干旱，是否会造成如这次干旱一样的一些变化。
从而可推测境会变得更加糟糕。
