ꆡ2009쓪01퓂an1,2009(뗚23뻭뗚1웚ꆡꆡꆡꆡꆡꆡꆡꆡꆡꆡꆡ)EastCꆡꆡꆡhinaEconomicManagemꆡꆡꆡꆡꆡꆡꆡꆡJent(,)ꇱ맜샭싛첳믹폚짺첬캻릹붨뗄웳튵뷸뮯쒣탍ꆡ낲1,듯쟬샻2(11뫏럊릤튵듳톧ꆡ맜샭톧풺,뫏럊ꆡ230009;21뚫쓏듳톧ꆡ뺭볃맜샭톧풺,붭쯕ꆡ쓏뺩ꆡ210096)[햪튪]믹폚웳튵짺첬캻릹붨뫍웳튵믹틲,붨솢쇋웳튵뗄죽맬벣뷸뮯쒣탍ꆣ룃쒣탍횸돶,뮷뺳톡퓱ꆢ웳튵쓚늿릹붨뫍웳튵췢늿릹붨쫇웳튵뷸뮯뗄죽훖훷튪솦솿,짺첬볌돐ꆢ믹틲볌돐뫍쿔탍볌돐쫇웳튵뷸뮯뗄죽쳵훷쿟,평듋쳥쿖쇋웳튵뷸뮯뗄뛠퇹탔ꆢ틅뒫뇤틬뫍뮷뺳톡퓱죽훖믺훆ꆣ웳튵뷸뮯쒣탍뇭헷쇋웳튵폫짺첬뮷뺳횮볤뗄킭춬뷸뮯,늢쮵쏷쇋웳튵쫇평웤쓚짺탔뫍췢짺탔릲춬뻶뚨뗄ꆣ[맘볼듊]웳튵뷸뮯;웳튵짺첬캻;짺첬캻릹붨;믹틲;쓚짺[훐춼럖샠뫅]F270ꆡꆡꆡ[컄쿗뇪횾싫]Aꆡꆡꆡ[컄헂뇠뫅]1007ꆪ5097(2009)01ꆪ0083ꆪ04AModelofEnterpriseEvolutionBasedonNicheConstructionYANA12n,DAQing2li(11SchoolofManagement,HefeiUniversityofTechnology,Hefei230009,China;21SchoolofEconomicsandManagement,SoutheastUniversity,Nanjing210096,China)Abstract:Inthispaper,basedontheenterprisenicheconstructionandtheenterprisegene,,theenvironmentselection,interiorandexteriorconstructionofenterpriseconsistofthethreemainforces,andtheecologicalinheritance,geneticinheritanceandphenotypicinheritanceformthemainclue,whichtherebydemonstratesthreemechanismsofenterpriseevolution,namely,diversity,,:enterpriseevolution;enterpriseꆯniche;nicheconstruction;gene;endogenesisꆡꆡ캪쇋쫊펦죕틦뢴퓓뗄쓚췢늿뮷뺳,웳튵뗄ퟩ횯뷡쏨쫶쇋웳튵폫웤쯹뒦짺첬뮷뺳(믲짌튵짺첬쾵춳)횮릹ꆢ탐캪랽쪽헽퓚랢짺짮뿌뗄뇤뮯,쏴뷝ꆢퟔ싉킭춬ꆢ볤뗄ퟜ맘쾵,웤몭틥캪퓚쳘뚨쪱웚쳘뚨짺첬뮷뺳샯뺭ퟔ쫊펦ꆢ릫쮾뷸뮯ꆢퟩ횯톧쾰ꆢ웳튵믹틲훘ퟩ뗈죕틦평웤돉풱믲웤ퟔ짭쓜뚯뗘폫뮷뺳벰웤쯻웳튵쿠뮥ퟷ폃돉캪웳튵돉뎤뇤룯뗄훷쳢,듓헢킩뇤룯쪵볹살뾴,폐맽돌훐쯹탎돉뗄쿠뛔뗘캻폫릦쓜ퟷ폃ꆣ웳튵짺첬캻볈믺뮯ꆢ짺쏼뮯헽퓚돉캪웳튵돉뎤뇤룯뗄쟷쫆ꆣ틲듋,랴펳웳튵퓚쳘뚨쪱웚ꆢ쳘뚨뮷뺳랶캧쓚뗄짺듦캻훃,뷨본짺쏼뿆톧뗄퇐뺿돉맻,듓웳튵짺쏼쳥뗄뷇뛈돶랢,튲랴펳웳튵퓚룃뮷뺳훐뗄ퟔ좻풴ꆢ짧믡풴ꆢ뺭볃퇐뺿웳튵뗄탐캪랽쪽뫍뷸뮯맽돌,뿉틔룸웳튵짺듦폫풴뗈웳튵짺첬틲ퟓ쯹탎돉뗄쳝뛈짏뗄캻훃,뮹랴펳랢햹ꆢ뺭펪맜샭뻶닟뗈샭싛퇐뺿벰웤쪵볹쳡릩훘튪뗄웳튵퓚웳튵짺듦뿕볤훐뗄컯훊ꆢ뷰ꆢ죋솦ꆢ벼쫵뫍쮼슷ꆣ놾컄믹폚웳튵짺첬캻릹붨뫍웳튵믹틲,붨솢쇋탅쾢쇷뚯맽돌훐냧퇝뗄뷇즫[1]ꆣ평폚웳튵폫웤쯹뒦짺웳튵뗄죽맬벣뷸뮯쒣탍,늢퓚듋믹뒡짏,뗃떽쇋웳튵첬쾵춳뗄쿠뮥ퟷ폃맘쾵훷튪틔웳튵캪퇐뺿훷쳥,틲듋,뷸뮯뗄튻킩뷡싛뫍웴쪾ꆣ웳튵짺첬캻룅쓮튲뿉틔뾴ퟷ쫇웳튵짺듦쳵볾뗄ퟜ벯뫏튻ꆢ웳튵짺첬캻벰웤릹붨쳥,냼삨웳튵퓚쯹뒦뮷뺳훐뗄쪱뿕캻훃벰웤뚨캻ꆢ쯹웳튵ퟷ캪짧믡뗄뺭볃쪵쳥,쯼평컯훊뗄ꆢ뺫짱뗄ꆢ랢믓뗄릦쓜ퟷ폃틔벰뛔뮷뺳짺첬틲ퟓ뗄톡퓱랶캧(벴짧믡뗄뫍죋컄뗄뗈훮뛠튪쯘릹돉ꆣ붫웳튵쫓캪튻룶폐뛔뮷뺳풴뗄햼폐쟩뿶믲뛔뮷뺳풴뗄샻폃쟩뿶)죽믺짺쏼쳥,뇘좻뇈튻냣뗄짺컯뻟폐룼잿뗄쮼캬탔뫍훷룶랽쏦뗄쓚죝ꆣ뚯톡퓱쓜솦ꆣ웳튵짺첬캻쫴폚웳튵쫴탔쳘헷뗄랶돫,캪쇋쓜릻쫊펦뮷뺳뗄뇤뮯뫍톡퓱,늢톰헒떽쫊뫏[쫕룥죕웚]2008ꆪ06ꆪ15[믹뷰쿮쒿]룟뗈풺킣늩쪿짺뗣쿮뿆퇐믹뷰(20030286008)[ퟷ헟볲뷩]ꆡ낲(1977ꆪ),쓐,즽뚫첩낲죋,붲쪦,늩쪿,퇐뺿랽쿲:늩?싛,웳튵맜샭;듯쟬샻(1945ꆪ),쓐,붭쯕쇹뫏죋,뷌쫚,늩쪿짺떼쪦,쮶쪿,퇐뺿랽쿲:맜샭쾵춳릤돌ꆣꆪ83ꆪ
폚ퟔ짭뗄짺첬캻,웳튵퓚뷓쫜뮷뺳톡퓱ꆢ쫐뎡뺺헹뗄돊쿖돶맣랺뗄뛠퇹탔ꆣ쯄룶틲쯘뗄럇쿟탔쿠뮥ퟷ폃쫇춬쪱,탨튪랢믓웤쓜뚯탔,죏횪뫍톧쾰웳튵ퟔ짭벰웤웳튵퇝뮯뗄쓚퓚뚯솦,뛸릫쮾훎샭ퟷ캪싽뇤솿퓚돉뎤쯹뒦뗄짺첬뮷뺳,늢ퟔ쫊펦탔뗘믲폐쒿뗄뗘뷸탐튻쾵폫퇝뮯훐웰ퟮ뫳뗄뻶뚨ퟷ폃ꆣSethG[11]odin퓲횱뷓샻폃쇐뗄릹붨믮뚯틔룄뇤ퟔ짭믲쯹뒦짺첬뮷뺳ꆣ웳튵짺쏼RichardDawkins쳡돶뗄볇틲(meme)룅쓮살쳦듺웳튵쳥뗄헢훖틔좷솢ퟔ짭짺첬캻캪쒿뗄뗄룷샠믮뚯,냼삨믹틲ꆣSeth횸돶웳튵랶캧쿂뗄볇틲캪쒳룶웳튵ퟩ횯뗄웳튵뗄탂돂듺킻ꆢ웳튵폫뺺헹뛔쫖뗄뫏ퟷ뺺헹뗈,돆훆쪤햽싔벰웤닟싔뗄믹놾릹볾,룅쓮뒫뗝뗄릦쓜떥풪,캪웳튵짺첬캻릹붨ꆣ웳튵짺첬캻릹붨뗄뷡맻,뿉쓜믡뛸웳튵ퟩ횯뷶뷶쫇볇틲ꆢ닺뫍싄풼죋뗄벯뫏ꆣ퓚웳늿럖뗘뒴퓬믲쿻쏰웳튵ퟔ짭뗄짺첬캻,튲뿉쓜횻쫇ퟶ튵뺭펪훐,떱뒴틢퓚듓튻룶죋떽쇭튻룶죋뗄뒫능맽돌돶탞헽ꆣ벰폫웤쯻볇틲뷡뫏뗄맽돌훐,뺭맽튻뛎쪱볤뫳랢짺뇤좷솢쫊뫏폚ퟔ짭뗄짺첬캻쫇웳튵짺듦뗄쒿뗄,웳뮯쪱,돆웳튵랢짺쇋볇틲쪽뷸뮯,웤뷡맻캪ퟮ쫊펦뗄튵짺쏼쳥뗄룷샠믮뚯뚼캧죆쯼햹뾪,틲듋웳튵짺첬캻볇틲뗃틔짺듦늢폫웤쯻볇틲뷡뫏,늻쫊펦뗄볇틲퓲믡릹붨뿉틔뾴ퟷ쫇웳튵탐캪뗄뻟폐쒿뗄탔뗄헻쳥쏨쫶ꆣ쿻췶ꆣ폫짺첬톧훐뗄짺첬캻릹붨[2ꆫ4]늻춬,쯼늻뷶짦벰뛔뮷웳튵믹틲쫇웳튵ퟩ횯뗄쓚퓚믹뒡,쯼훆풼쇋웳튵뺳뗄룷샠쫊펦ꆢ릹붨믮뚯,뛸쟒뮹냼삨웳튵쓚늿뗄훮뗄ퟩ횯뷡릹폫탐캪ꆣ웳튵믹틲뻟폐컈뚨탔뫍맟탔,늢죧ퟩ횯맜샭ꆢ짺닺퓋ퟷꆢ뿆퇐뾪랢ꆢ풱릤엠통ꆢ웳튵쟣쿲폚쯦ퟅ쪱볤뗄췆틆,놣돖늢ꆰ뒫쫤ꆱ웤훘튪쳘탔ꆣ컄뮯릹붨뗈믮뚯ꆣ벴웳튵짺첬캻릹붨뿉틔럖캪웳튵쓚퓚맟탔ퟷ폃쿂,늻춬뗄웳튵믹틲뻟폐늻춬뗄췢퓚뇭쿖;늿릹붨ꆢ웳튵췢늿릹붨솽룶랽쏦ꆣ룹뻝뛔좷솢짺첬캻벴쪹쫇쿠춬뗄웳튵믹틲,평폚짺첬뮷뺳ꆢ풱릤ꆢ닺뗄ퟷ폃뗄늻춬,웳튵짺첬캻릹붨뿉틔럖캪헽짺첬캻릹뗈틲쯘뗄닮틬,튲믡뻟폐늻춬뗄췢퓚뇭쿖,평듋떼훂붨뫍뢺짺첬캻릹붨,웤훐헽짺첬캻릹붨횸룃릹붨믮뚯웳튵횮볤뗄틬훊탔뫍뛠퇹탔ꆣ퓚쳘뚨뮷뺳쿂웳튵믹틲뛔좷솢짺첬캻뻟폐믽벫ퟷ폃,뛸뢺짺첬캻릹붨뛔좷솢폫닺ꆢ싄풼죋뗈틲쯘뷸탐폐믺ퟩ뫏,쯹돊쿖돶뗄룷짺첬캻닺짺쿻벫ퟷ폃ꆣ샠췢퓚뇭쿖(죧짺닺맦쒣ꆢ풱릤죋쫽ꆢ뷰ꆢ룷샠닺뛾ꆢ웳튵뷸뮯폫웳튵믹틲욷ꆢퟩ횯볜릹틔벰웳튵ퟩ횯ퟔ짭뗈)돆캪믹틲쿔탍ꆣ뷸뮯쫇횸쫂컯뗄뷸늽탔퇝뮯뫍랢햹ꆣ폫짺컯뷸뮯죽ꆢ웳튵뷸뮯쒣탍쿠뇈,웳튵뷸뮯늻뷶쫇ퟔ좻뗄,틔쫊펦캪ힼ퓲,뛸쟒뒫춳뷸뮯샭싛죏캪,짺컯컯훖뗄믹틲뷓쫜ퟔ좻뮷쫇폐쒿뗄뗄,틔쫊펦뫍랢햹캪ힼ퓲[5]ꆣNelson뗈죏캪,뺳뗄톡퓱,쫊헟짺듦,늻쫊헟놻쳔청ꆣ퓚듋믹뒡짏,웳튵맟샽(routine)퓚웳튵뷸뮯맽돌훐쯹웰뗄ퟷ폃폫Odling-Smee뗈쳡돶쇋삩햹뗄짺컯뷸뮯샭싛[2]ꆣ룃샭믹틲퓚짺컯뷸뮯훐뗄릦쓜샠쯆ꆣ웳튵맟샽횸웳튵뗄만싛횸돶,짺컯컯훖퓚뷸뮯맽돌훐늢늻뷶뷶쫇튻룶놻뚯뚨탐캪랽쪽,쫇웳튵뗄ퟩ횯볇틤,횴탐ퟅ뒫뗝벼쓜뫍헟ꆣ퓚뷓쫜ퟔ좻뮷뺳톡퓱뗄춬쪱,짺컯컯훖튲뛔쯹뒦탅쾢뗄릦쓜,쯼훷튪냼삨웳튵뗄뺭펪쳘뗣ꆢ퓶뎤싊뫍짺첬뮷뺳ퟶ돶늻춬돌뛈뗄탞헽(짺첬캻릹붨),떼훂짺웳튵쯑톰뗈죽룶랽쏦[6]ꆣ웳튵퓚짺닺ꆢ맜샭ꆢ펪쿺ꆢ첬뮷뺳랢짺뇤뮯,뛸랢짺뇤뮯뗄짺첬뮷뺳랴맽살믡펰춶뫍퇐랢뗈랽쏦뚼뻟폐튻뚨뗄맟샽,헢킩맟샽뻶뚨쿬ퟔ좻톡퓱뗄쓜솦뫍뷡맻ꆣ퓚ퟔ좻톡퓱뫍짺첬캻릹붨ퟅ웳튵뿉쓜폐뗄탐캪ꆣ쎿튻룶웳튵뚼폐튻헻쳗탐횮폐솽훖솦솿뗄릲춬ퟷ폃쿂,탂쪱웚뗄뮷뺳뫍짺컯믹틲랢킧뗄맟샽,틲듋짺닺뗈웳튵탐캪뻍뿉틔쾰맟탔뗘ꆰퟔ짺쇋늻춬돌뛈뗄퇝뇤,평듋떼훂짺컯컯훖뫍짺첬뮷뺳뚯ꆱ췪돉ꆣ평폚맟샽늻춬,웳튵횮볤튲뮥늻쿠춬,헢뗄킭춬뷸뮯ꆣ뻍뿉틔뷢쫍쿖쪵웳튵횮볤쯹듦퓚뗄틬훊탔뫍뛠퇹탔,뛔폚뻟폐톧쾰쓜솦뫍훷맛쓜뚯탔뗄웳튵뛸퇔,웳뛸헢튲헽쫇웳튵랢짺ꆰ믹틲뇤틬ꆱ뫍쿲잰뷸뮯뗄믹튵뗄릹붨탐캪뛔뮷뺳뗄펰쿬룼볓훘튪ꆣ샽죧,웳튵뗄뒡[7]ꆣ뛸Aurik뗈[8]춨맽뛔웳튵볛횵솴뗄럖뷢폫럖컶,벼쫵룯탂ꆢ닺욷룯탂뿉쓜퓬돉쫐뎡뗄헻쳥퇝뇤;뛸솼죏캪웳튵뗄튵컱쓜솦튪쯘벴캪웳튵뗄믹틲,쯼횸웳튵뫃뗄맣룦펪쿺뿉쓜틽떼ꆢ룄뇤릫훚뗄쿻럑맛쓮;릩펦볛횵솴훐뗄튻ퟩ뿉틔캪웳튵듸살쳘뚨닺돶뗄볛횵풪쯘,솴쇷돌뗄룄짆폫뗷헻,떼훂짏쿂폎웳튵뗄탐캪쯦횮뇤헢킩볛횵풪쯘믹폚튻뚨뗄풴믹뒡,죧횪쪶ꆢ닺믲뮯ꆣ캪듋,놾컄퓚삩햹뗄짺컯뷸뮯샭싛믹뒡짏,룸돶쇷돌ꆣ웳튵뗄룷룶믹틲놾짭뿉틔ퟩ뫏캪웳튵믹틲ퟩ,쇋웳튵뗄죽맬벣뷸뮯쒣탍,듓럂짺톧뗄뷇뛈돶랢톰헒헢킩믹틲ퟩ폐ퟔ벺뗄닺욷ꆢ럾컱뫍맋뿍,퓚풴뗄쪹웳튵뷸뮯뗄맦싉ꆣ웤쒣탍죧춼1쯹쪾ꆣ폃짏튲룼캪벯훐ꆣ웳튵믹틲ퟩ헆뿘웳튵뗄ꆰ틅뒫쏜11뮷뺳ꆢ웳튵뫍웳튵믹틲쫇웳튵뷸뮯맽돌훐뗄싫ꆱ,헢킩틅뒫쏜싫뻶뚨쇋웳튵뿉틔쳡릩쪲쎴퇹뗄닺욷죽룶ퟷ폃쳥뫍럾컱ꆣ뛸쟒웳튵믹틲뿉틔퇜짺돶뛀솢뗄튵컱,벴닺평춼쪾뿉횪,짺첬뮷뺳ꆢ웳튵뫍웳튵믹틲쫇웳튵짺뇤틬뫍뒴탂ꆣ훜뗈[9,10]퓚뛔볈폐웳튵돉뎤샭싛쫶뷸뮯맽돌훐뗄죽룶ퟷ폃쳥ꆣ폫짺컯뷸뮯샠쯆,웳튵뷸움뗄믹뒡짏,듓웳튵퓋펪헻쳥뗄뷇뛈돶랢,붨솢쇋튻뮯쫗쿈뇭쿖퓚웳튵믹틲뗄뇤틬ꆣ횻폐퓚믹틲닣듎짏랢훖뻟폐ퟔퟩ횯쳘헷뗄웳튵짺쏼쒣탍ꆣ룃쒣탍횸돶웳튵짺쇋뇤틬,웳튵ퟩ횯닅쓜릻랢짺쪵훊탔뇤뮯,늢평듋ꆰ믹틲ꆱ뗄ꆰDNA쮫식탽뷡릹ꆱ뗄쮫솴캪놾솴폫죋뷓쫜쫐뎡뮷뺳뗄톡퓱ꆣ틲듋,웳튵믹틲쫇웳튵뷸뮯뗄솦놾솴,솬뷓쮫솴뗄쯄튪쯘캪웳튵볒ꆢ릫쮾훎샭ꆢ믹뒡ꆣ좻뛸,웳튵믹틲뗄뇤틬맽돌폫짺컯믹틲뗄뇤틬벼쫵폫컄뮯ꆣ평폚룷룶튪쯘벰웤ퟩ뫏뗄뛠퇹탔,웳튵맽돌늻춬ꆣ믹틲뇤틬럖캪믹틲춻뇤뫍탔톡퓱솽샠ꆣ웤ꆪ84ꆪ
훐,짺컯컯훖뗄믹틲춻뇤쫇얼좻뗄ꆢ럇훷뚯탔탐캪ꆣ릹붨듙쪹웳튵랢짺쇋훊뗄뇤뮯,쫇웳튵뷸뮯뗄잰쳡쳵뛸웳튵뗄믹틲춻뇤퓲쫇웳튵ퟩ횯퓚톧쾰맽돌훐,뛔웤볾;뛸쿔탍릹붨횻쫇틽웰쇋웳튵쿔탍뗄뇤뮯,쯼쫇쳥쯻웳튵뗄믹틲뷸탐뢴훆ꆢ쒣럂믲헟뛔풭폐믹틲뷸탐뒴쿖뫍릮만웳튵믹틲뗄뇘튪쫖뛎ꆣ샽죧,웳튵맜샭헟캪탂ꆢ뇤룯뫍훘ퟩ뗈,쫇웳튵캪쇋짺듦뫍랢햹쯹ퟷ돶뗄쇋뷢뻶볒ퟥ쪽캣믺,톧쾰ꆢ뢴훆쿖듺맜샭훆뛈,쫍럅훷뚯탐캪ꆣ쇭췢,웳튵뗄탔톡퓱횸웳튵내ퟅ튻훖쓜릻볒ퟥ돉풱뗄좨솦,뇤룯웳튵쓚늿ퟩ횯뷡릹,뗷헻퓋ퟷ펰쿬ퟩ횯캴살뗄랽쪽톡퓱뫍듇췋맍풱뫍뿍뮧,틔벰폫쇷돌뗈릹붨탐캪쫴폚믹틲릹붨,퓙뇈죧퓚웳튵쓚늿붨뺺헹뛔쫖ꆢ뿆퇐풺쯹ꆢ짏쿂폎웳튵뷸탐뫏ퟷ뗈,평듋솢탂뗄웳튵컄뮯샭쓮ꆢ웳튵쇷돌퓙퓬ꆢ짮뮯뫋탄뺺헹듙쪹웳튵믹틲랢짺뇤틬ꆣ틲듋,웳튵ퟩ횯놾짭쫇웳튵솦뗈탐캪튲쫴폚믹틲릹붨ꆣ뛸웳튵뗄죕뎣퓋ퟷ,훮죧뷸뮯맽돌훐뗄폖튻ퟷ폃쳥,퓚웳튵뷸뮯맽돌훐웰톧쾰짺닺맜샭ꆢ늿쏅킭뗷ꆢ풱릤엠통ꆢ닺욷퓋쫤뗈벴캪쿔헟ꆢퟩ횯헟뫍쪩뚯헟뗄ퟷ폃ꆣ탍릹붨ꆣ평짏뿉횪,뮷뺳톡퓱ꆢ웳튵췢늿릹붨뫍웳튵쓚늿릹붨쫇웳튵뷸뮯맽돌훐뗄죽훖훷튪솦솿,폫웳튵뗄맟탔튻웰,ퟩ돉쇋뮷뺳폫웳튵횮볤틔벰웳튵폫웳튵믹틲횮볤뗄쿠뮥ퟷ폃솦ꆣ31짺첬볌돐ꆢ쿔탍볌돐뫍믹틲볌돐쫇웳튵뷸뮯뗄죽쳵훷쿟(맬벣)퓚쪱웚t,퓚틔짏벸훖솦솿틔벰짺첬뮷뺳뗄ퟔ컒룼탂뗄릲춬ퟷ폃쿂,짺첬뮷뺳ꆢퟩ횯쿔탍틔벰웳튵믹틲뚼랢짺쇋늻춬돌뛈뗄뚯첬뇤뮯믲뇤틬ꆣ뺭맽튻뛎쪱볤뗄랢햹뫍퇝뇤,탂쪱웚(t+1)뗄웳튵뫍뮷뺳럖뇰퇘ퟅ죽쳵맬벣뛔웳튵훐뗄쿔탍ꆢ믹틲뫍풭폐뮷뺳볓틔볌춼돐,탎돉탂쪱웚쿂뗄쿠뮥ퟷ폃뫍펰쿬ꆣ헢죽훖볌돐럖1ꆡ믹폚짺첬캻릹붨뗄웳튵뷸뮯쒣탍뇰돆캪쿔탍볌돐ꆢ믹틲볌돐뫍짺첬볌돐ꆣ웤훐,쿔탍웳튵뷸뮯늻쫇럢뇕쾵춳쿂뗄맂솢뗄뷸뮯탐캪,쯼볌돐뫍믹틲볌돐늻뷶짦벰랢짺믹틲뇤틬뫳뗄풭폐웳튵,샫늻뾪짺첬뮷뺳뗄ퟷ폃폫펰쿬ꆣ웳튵쯹뒦뗄짺첬뮷뺳뛸쟒짦벰춨맽톧쾰뛔룃믹틲뷸탐뢴훆ꆢ쒣럂뫍뒴탂뗄늻뷶쳘횸웳튵쯹뒦뗄쫐뎡뮷뺳,뛸쟒뮹랺횸웳튵쯹뒦웤쯻웳튵뗈ꆣ떱탂쪱웚뇤틬뗄웳튵믹틲벰웤쿔탍뺭맽뗄ퟜ뮷뺳,냼몬짧믡뮷뺳ꆢퟔ좻뮷뺳뫍뺭볃뮷뺳뗈ꆣ뮷뺳뗄톡퓱뫍ퟔ뗷헻뫳,놻뮷뺳쯹뷓쫜,늢훰붥컈뚨웳튵뷸뮯웰틲폚짺첬뮷뺳뗄뇤뮯ꆣ뇤뮯뗄짺첬뮷뺳쫗쿂살,웳튵닅헦헽췪돉쇋튻듎뷸뮯맽돌ꆣ듋쪱,웳튵쿈뛔웳튵뷸탐폕떼뫍듌벤,쪹웳튵ퟩ횯벰웤믹틲랢짺믹틲벰웤쿔탍뚼뗃틔뷸뮯ꆣ쯦ퟅ쪱볤뗄랢햹,웳튵늻룄뇤,좻뫳퓙춨맽뇈뷏ꆢ움에ꆢ톡퓱ꆢ춬뮯뫍뷢쫍뗈뛏뗘쿲룼룟닣듎퇝뇤뫍뷸뮯ꆣ뛠훖뷇즫뗄ퟷ폃,쪹믱샻웳튵삩헅,뿷쯰웳튵캮쯵,웳튵뗄뷸뮯쫗쿈뇭쿖캪톧쾰탍뷸뮯ꆣ톧쾰탍뷸뮯좷놣쫊틋뗄웳튵볌탸짺듦,듙뷸웳튵좺쳥늻뛏뗘쿲룼뗄뷸뮯쮮욽뇈뷏뗍,뷸뮯럹뛈튲뇈뷏킡ꆣ떱톧쾰탍뷸룟닣듎뷸뮯ꆣ뛸뷸뮯뫳뗄웳튵폖믡뛔뮷뺳닺짺뻞듳뗄뮯늻ퟣ틔쪹웳튵쫊펦뮷뺳뗄뇤뮯뫍톡퓱쪱,웳튵뇘탫펰쿬,틲듋,뮷뺳쫇웳튵뷸뮯맽돌훐뗄폕떼헟ꆢ뻶뚨뷸탐룼짮닣듎뗄뇤룯뫍뒴탂,쪹웳튵믹틲랢짺뷏듳뗄헟뫍돐떣헟[6]ꆣ뇤뮯,듓뛸떼훂웳튵뗄뇤룯탍뷸뮯ꆣ21뮷뺳톡퓱ꆢ웳튵췢늿릹붨뫍웳튵쓚늿릹붨쫇쯄ꆢ웳튵뷸뮯쒣탍뗄뷡싛뫍웴쪾웳튵뷸뮯맽돌훐뗄죽훖훷튪솦솿잰컄뗄쒣탍탰쫶뿉틔쪹컒쏇룼볓ힼ좷뗄샭뷢웳튵놾컄붫짺첬뮷뺳뛔웳튵뗄룷훖ퟷ폃솦솿춳돆캪뮷뷸뮯뗄맽돌폫믺훆,퓚듋믹뒡짏,컒쏇뗃떽죧쿂뗄뷡뺳톡퓱,뛸늻퓙쿱ퟔ좻톡퓱쓇퇹,뷶뷶듺뇭톡퓱뫍움싛폫웴쪾ꆣ에ꆣ퓚뮷뺳톡퓱뗄춬쪱,웳튵ퟩ횯뛔웤쯹뒦짺첬뮷뺳(1)웳튵뗄뷸뮯맽돌쫇폫뮷뺳킭춬뷸뮯뗄뚯첬맽뷸탐폐쒿뗄뗄릹붨믮뚯,듙쪹짺첬뮷뺳퓚ퟔ컒룼탂뗄돌ꆣ웳튵폫짺첬뮷뺳횮볤쫇뮥뚯뗄,늻뷶짺첬뮷뺳믡믹뒡짏랢짺튻뚨돌뛈뗄뇤뮯ꆣ뇤뮯뗄짺첬뮷뺳랴맽살톡퓱웳튵,웳튵튲믡훷뚯릹붨ퟔ벺뗄캴살,폈웤쫇떱믡탞헽뮷뺳톡퓱뗄쓜솦뫍뷡맻,듓뛸떼훂웳튵ퟩ횯벰웳튵ퟩ횯솪뫏웰살쪱,짺첬뮷뺳뻍뇤뗃뿉틔킭짌,뛸웤믹틲ퟶ돶쿠펦뗄뗷헻,벴웳튵췢늿릹붨볤뷓뗘뛔웳늻퓙쫇뛀솢뗄펰쿬웳튵뗄췢퓚솦솿[12]ꆣ짺첬뮷뺳퓚ퟔ튵뷸뮯웰탞헽뫍뗷헻ퟷ폃ꆣ컒룼탂뫍웳튵췢늿릹붨뗄ퟷ폃쿂,폫웳튵ퟩ횯튻웰,폫짺컯컯훖늻춬,웳튵뮹뿉틔뛔웤ퟔ짭뷸탐릹붨,쯦ퟅ쪱볤뗄랢햹,춬쪱쿲룼룟닣듎퇝뇤ꆣ틲듋,짺첬벴웳튵쓚늿릹붨ꆣ룹뻝ퟷ폃뛔쿳뗄늻춬,웳튵쓚늿릹뮷뺳폫웳튵횮볤늢늻뷶뷶쫇톡퓱뫍놻톡퓱ꆢ쫊펦폫놻붨폖뿉틔럖캪믹틲릹붨뫍쿔탍릹붨ꆣ믹틲릹붨횸웳튵쫊펦틔벰쿠뮥뺺헹뗄맘쾵ꆣ웳튵뗄릹붨탐캪뇘탫뾼싇퓚톧쾰뫍랢믓훷맛쓜뚯탔뗄믹뒡짏,뛔웳튵믹틲뷸탐떽췢늿뮷뺳뗄뇤뮯벰웤랴ퟷ폃,쎤쒿뛸ퟔ샻퓚뎤웚쓚뗷헻뫍뇤틬뗄룷샠릹붨믮뚯;뛸쿔탍릹붨횸웳튵쓚늿횻쓜룸웤ퟔ짭듸살퇏훘뗄뫳맻ꆣ웳튵폫뮷뺳펦룃뫍킳릹붨훐캴뛔웳튵믹틲퓬돉펰쿬뗄쓇킩릹붨탐캪ꆣ믹틲뷸뮯,폫뺺헹뛔쫖볈튪뺺헹,튲튪쫊떱뫏ퟷ,쪵쿖쮫ꆪ85ꆪ
랽릲펮ꆣ닅쓜릻룼뫃뗘풤닢캴살웳튵뗄랢햹쒣쪽,늢횸떼웳튵(2)웳튵뇘탫벰쪱뗷헻ퟔ짭뗄짺첬캻늢쫊쪱룄뇤뗄맜샭뻶닟ꆣퟔ벺뗄웳튵믹틲ꆣ평폚짺첬뮷뺳튲퓚랢짺ퟅ짮뿌뗄뇤(6)웳튵뷸뮯쒣탍춬쪱쳥쿖쇋웳튵뗄쓚짺탔뫍췢뮯,틲듋웳튵쯹좷솢뗄쫊뫏폚ퟔ짭뗄짺첬캻벰웳튵믹짺탔ꆣ웳튵뗄쓚짺돉뎤[13]쫇틔웳튵뛔췢늿뮷뺳뗄뿉죏틲,쯦ퟅ쪱볤뗄뇤뮯,뿉쓜늻퓙쫊펦ꆣ캪쇋쓜릻짺듦횪탔캪잰쳡뗄,뇭쿖캪틔횪쪶뫍쓜솦캪믹뒡뗄맟샽틀폫랢햹,웳튵뇘탫볓틔뗷헻,틔쫊펦탂뮷뺳뗄탨튪ꆣ삵맽돌,벴뛔웳튵믹틲뗄틀삵맽돌ꆣ평폚웳튵믹틲횮떱뷱웳튵헽뒦폚벤쇒뺺헹ꆢ늻뛏뇤뮯뗄쫐뎡뮷뺳횮훐,볤뗄닮틬탔뫍뢴훆ꆢ쒣럂뗄돉놾탔,웳튵뗄릹붨탐캪뚯첬벰쪱뗄늻뛏뗷헻ꆢ뒴탂웳튵짺첬캻뫍웳튵믹틲,뫍믹틲쿔탍뇭쿖돶뛠퇹탔,평듋닺짺쇋웳튵ퟩ횯횮볤뛔룷훖뇤뮯ퟶ돶헽좷뛸뿬쯙뗄랴펦,뻍쿔뗃룼캪훘튪ꆣ뗄돉뎤뫍뷸뮯쓜솦뗄닮틬ꆣ싺ퟣ폚만폐뗄돉릦믹틲,횻쓜퓚맟탔ퟷ폃뗄쟽쪹쿂,좻뛸,짺첬뮷뺳늢럇뿉틔췪좫죏횪,웳튵뻟폐죏훰붥듓랱죙ퟟ쿲쮥냜ꆣ횪폐쿞탔뫍죏횪뇚생ꆣ퓚듋믹뒡짏,뇤뮯뗄짺첬뮷뺳(3)믹틲쿔탍뗄뷸뮯쫇웳튵뷸뮯훐뗄ퟮ훕뇭쿖ꆣ뛔웳튵뷸탐폕떼뫍듌벤,폕랢뫍퓶잿웳튵뗄톧쾰쓜솦믹틲쿔탍쫇웳튵믹틲폫뮷뺳쿠뮥ퟷ폃뗄쎽뷩,횻폐떱뫍릹붨쓜솦,늢틽웰웳튵믹틲뗄뇤틬ꆣ좻뫳뺭평뮷뺳웳튵믹틲쯹돊쿖뗄쿔탍뷓쫜쇋뮷뺳뗄뾼퇩,늢쪹뗃웳뗄움에ꆢ톡퓱뗈ퟷ폃,뗷헻뫍볬퇩웳튵릹붨뗄킧맻,튵믹틲훰붥컈뚨쪱,웳튵랽닅췪돉쇋튻듎뷸뮯맽돌ꆣ벴뮷뺳쫇웳튵믹틲뇤틬뗄폕떼풴뫍웳튵돉뎤뷸뮯뗄돐틲듋,웳튵늢늻쓜뷶뷶릹붨쇋쫊떱뗄웳튵믹틲뻍뿉틔떣헟,헢돤럖쳥쿖쇋웳튵뗄췢짺돉뎤탔ꆣ낲헭컞폇,쯼뮹뇘탫죃탂뗄웳튵믹틲쯹뇭헷뗄쿔탍뷓틲듋,웳튵뗄돉뎤폫뷸뮯쫇평웤쓚짺탔뫍췢짺탔쫜뮷뺳뗄톡퓱뫍쫐뎡뗄뺺헹,평듋좥탞헽ꆢ뗷헻뫍췪릲춬뻶뚨뗄ꆣ쯦ퟅ웳튵믹틲뫍짺첬뮷뺳횮볤뗄킭춬뷸짆웳튵믹틲,듯떽웳튵믹틲뗄컈뚨뇭쿖ꆣ벴웳튵뮹탨뮯,헢훖쿖쿳뇭쿖뗃룼캪춻돶ꆣ튪뻟놸뷏잿뗄횴탐솦뫍풼쫸솦,럱퓲퓙뫃뗄웳튵믹틲[닎뾼컄쿗]튲횻쓜쫇냫춾뛸럏,틀뻉늻쓜놣횤웳튵짺첬캻뗄좷솢[1]낲,듯쟬샻.웳튵짺첬캻벰웤쓜뚯탔톡퓱퇐뺿[J].뫍웳튵뗄붡뾵랢햹ꆣ뚫쓏듳톧톧놨(헜짧냦),2005,(1):62-66.웳튵믹틲늻뷶뷶평짏듺웳튵쿲잱퓚ퟓ듺틅뒫[2]FJOdling-Smee,KNLaland,,뛸쟒뮹냼몬잱퓚ퟓ듺뗄볌돐ꆣ잱퓚ퟓ듺퓚톧쾰ꆢ뢴훆뫍struction[J].TheAmericaNaturalist,1996,147(4):쒣럂맽돌훐641∃48.,쏦뛔뗄쫇뢴퓓뛠퇹뗄믹틲쿔탍,뛸웳튵믹틲좴짮짮뗄틾몬폚쿔탍훐,늻틗놻뻵달ꆣ죧뫎뷏뫃[3]KNLaland,FJOdling-Smee,뗘쟸럖돶웳튵믹틲벰웤쿔탍,폈웤쫇췚뻲뫍냑컕웳튵olutionaryconsequencesofnicheconstruction[J].Journal믹틲뗄훘튪ퟩ돉늿럖ꆪꆪꆪ뫋탄뺺헹솦ofEvolutionaryBiology,1996,(9):293-316.,뻍쿔뗃쪮럖삧쓑ꆣ웳튵튪톧웤샯뛸럇톧웤뇭,럱퓲,횻쓜쫇쯆쫇뛸[4]KNLaland,FJOdling-Smee,럇nicheconstructionandhumanevolution[J].JournalofEvo2,늢늻믡듙쪹웳튵닺짺뇤룯탔탨튪ꆣlutionaryBiology,2001,(14):22∃33.(4)붨솢죡탔ꆢ쏴뷝뗄톧쾰탍ퟩ횯,퓶잿웳튵뗄[5]퇮훒횱.웳튵짺첬톧틽싛[M].놱뺩:뿆톧돶냦짧,톧쾰뫍릹붨쓜솦ꆣ웳튵쫇믹틲뇤틬폫뷸뮯뗄쪩뚯헟,2003:34.뛸믹틲릹붨쫇믹틲뇤틬폫뷸뮯뗄횱뷓살풴ꆣ틲듋,쏦[6]샮뎯쾼.싛웳튵뗄뷸뮯믺훆[J].훐맺죋쏱듳톧톧놨,뛔쮲쾢췲뇤뗄췢늿뮷뺳,웳튵탨튪붨솢죡탔ꆢ쏴뷝뗄1995,(5):17-19.톧쾰탍ퟩ횯,쏴죱뗘맛달떽쓚췢늿뮷뺳뗄룷훖뇤뮯,[7]돂뷰늨,쳕톧폭.웳튵뷸뮯폫짺컯뷸뮯뗄뇈뷏럖컶춨맽훆뛈뮯뗄믺훆믲폐ퟩ횯뗄탎쪽늶믱탅쾢,맜샭뫍[J].훐맺뿳튵듳톧톧놨(짧믡뿆톧냦),2005,(3):쪹폃횪쪶,컼좡풭폐뗄퓋펪뷌통,톧쾰쿖듦폚ퟔ짭벰71-75.웤쯻웳튵뗄뫏샭뺭퇩[8]풼몲ꆤ냂죰뿋,벪샻쮹ꆤ쟭뿋,싞늮쳘ꆤ췾싗.웳튵믹,럖컶캴살랢햹첬쫆,샻폃뫏샭뗄죋닅믺훆,뢴훆ꆢ뒴탂뫍훘ퟩ쫊떱뗄웳튵믹틲틲훘ퟩꆪꆪꆪ쫍럅릫쮾뗄볛횵잱솦[M].놱뺩:뗧ퟓ릤,톰헒폐킧뗄뷸뮯컈뚨닟싔,쪹웳튵ퟷ캪튻룶헻쳥뻟놸솼튵돶냦짧,2003:11-15.뫃뗄톧쾰쓜솦뫍릹붨쓜솦,쪵쿖웳튵뗄뫏샭뷸뮯벰뎤[9]훜,역탇.웳튵짺쏼쒣탍돵첽[J].훐맺죭뿆톧,웚짺듦ꆣ2000,(10):110-115.[10]훜.웳튵짺쏼쒣탍퇐뺿[J].뺭볃뿆톧,2002,(5)웳튵뗄뷸뮯맽돌쫇웳튵폐쿞샭탔탐캪쿂뗄뷸(뮯맽돌ꆣ웳튵쫇폐쿞샭탔뗄탐캪훷쳥6):84-91.,쫜웳튵믹틲뗄[11][쏀]죻쮼ꆤ룪뚡.릫쮾뷸뮯[M].짲퇴:훐탅돶냦맟탔ퟷ폃뫍슷뺶틀삵뗄펰쿬,웤죏횪ꆢ톧쾰쓜솦뻟폐짧,2003:26.뻖쿞탔,뛸쟒뢴퓓뛠뇤뗄짺첬뮷뺳퓶볓쇋웳튵죏횪뗄[12]돂맺좨.ퟩ횯폫뮷뺳뗄맘쾵벰ퟩ횯톧쾰[J].맜샭뿆톧쓑뛈ꆣ춬퇹,평폚믹틲쿔탍훐햼폐풴ꆢ릹돉죋풱뗈톧놨,2001,(10):39-49.뗄닮틬탔,틔벰웳튵믹틲뗄뛠퇹탔,떼훂웳튵ퟩ횯횮[13]쇵룕,샮맺뾡.ퟩ횯뻶닟뗄횪쪶컊쳢뫍웳튵뗄쓚짺돉볤뻟폐늻춬뗄뇭쿖탎쪽뫍탐캪,듓뛸닺짺죏횪뇚생ꆣ뎤[J].뺭볃움싛,2002,(5):107-111.틲듋,퇐뺿웳튵뗄뷸뮯,뇘탫돤럖뾼싇떽웳튵뗄폐쿞[짳룥:탬마늨]샭탔뫍뮷뺳뗄킭춬뇤뮯,늢뫏샭샻폃뷸뮯늩?뗈랽램,[뇠킣:헅ꆡ뇸]ꆪ86ꆪ
