뗚19뻭ꆡ뗚6웚퇐뺿폫랢햹맜샭쓪12퓂R&컄헂뇠뫅:100428308(2007)0620031207듓쫂볾맛떽쓜솦맛:뒴탂맜샭뗄탂량풾솺타죧(헣붭샭릤듳톧뺭볃맜샭톧풺,몼훝ꆡ310018)ꆡꆡ햪ꆡ튪:쯦ퟅ뒴탂맜샭샭싛퇐뺿폫쪵볹첽쯷뗄늻뛏짮죫,웳튵뗄캢맛뒴탂맜샭퇐뺿훰붥탎돉쇋죽훖닣듎뗝뷸뗄믹놾맛뗣:듓ꆰ쫂볾맛ꆱꆢꆰ쇷돌맛ꆱ랢햹캪ꆰ쓜솦맛ꆱ.뛔헢죽훖맛뗣뷸탐믹놾샭싛럖컶뫍맺쓚췢낸샽퇐뺿,싛쫶쇋뒴탂맜샭뗄ꆰ쓜솦맛ꆱ붫쫇웳튵뒴탂맜샭뗄뇘좻쟷쫆.맘볼듊:뒴탂맜샭;뒴탂쓜솦;좫쏦뒴탂맜샭훐춼럖샠뫅:F27ꆡꆡꆡꆡ컄쿗뇪쪶싫:A1ꆡ뒴탂맜샭랢햹뗄죽룶맛뗣룅쫶1912쓪쏀맺톧헟풼즪럲ꆤ태뇋쳘쫗듎쳡돶ꆰ뒴탂ꆱ룅쓮,붫뒴탂뚨틥캪ꆰ웳튵뛔짺닺튪쯘뗄탂ퟩ뫏ꆱ,좷솢쇋틔웳튵캪뒴탂훷쳥뗄뒴탂샭싛.캧죆ퟅ웳튵뒴탂뗄캢맛뒴탂맜샭퇐뺿뿉룅삨캪죽룶랽쏦:ꋙ뒴탂듓뫎뒦살?튲뻍쫇뒴탂풴뫍뒴탂훷쳥뗄컊쳢;ꋚ뒴탂쫇죧뫎랢짺늢ퟮ훕믱뗃짌튵짏뗄돉릦?튲뻍쫇뒴탂맽돌컊쳢;ꋛ뒴탂뺿뺹룸웳튵듸살쇋쪲쎴퇹뗄볛횵?튲뻍쫇뒴탂뗄볛횵퓶횵컊쳢.벸쪮쓪살,쯦ퟅ뒴탂뢴퓓돌뛈뗄퓶볓,틔벰죋쏇뛔폚뒴탂맜샭샭싛퇐뺿폫쪵볹첽쯷뗄늻뛏짮죫,훰늽탎돉쇋죽훖닣듎뗝뷸뗄믹놾맛뗣,벴듓ꆰ쫂볾맛ꆱꆢꆰ쇷돌맛ꆱ랢햹캪ꆰ쓜솦맛ꆱ,뛸뒴탂룸웳튵듸살뗄볛횵퓶횵뛈튲쯦횮쳡짽.죽룶닣듎뗄뒴탂맜샭샭싛뗄쳘뗣닎볻뇭1.뇭1ꆡ훷튪쳘뗣뛔뇈럖컶ꆡComparativeanalysisonthemaincharacteristicsofthreegenerations믹놾맛뗣뒴탂쫇쪲쎴뒴탂훷쳥뒴탂짦벰떽뗄랶캧뒴탂듸살뗄볛횵뒴탂맜샭뗄뫋탄쫂볾뒴탂쫇얼좻뗄쫂볾쒳룶풱릤뒴탂헟쯹맘힢뗄뒴퓬탂쫂컯뢻폐뒴퓬솦뫍펵폐솼맛쇬폲ꆡ뫃뒴퓬벼쟉뗄죋쇷돌뒴탂쫇횰쓜뒴탂횰쓜랶캧쓚뗄풱릤횰쓜럖릤돉놾쯵복ꆢ탂닺욷췆돶뒴탂맜샭쇷돌:랢쿖,닺맛뫍쇷돌폅뮯짺,움맀,떼돶쇷돌쓜솦뒴탂쫇웳튵뗄뫋탄웳튵풱릤뫍쯹폐샻웳튵탐캪짦벰뗄쯹췚뻲탂뗄뺭볃퓶뎤뗣,룷뒴탂튪쯘횮볤뗄좫맛쓜솦틦쿠맘헟폐쇬폲쳡짽뫋탄뺺헹쓜솦뫍쏦킭춬폐킧췾짥뺺헹뛔쫖2ꆡ쫂볾맛뒴탂맜샭뗄쫂볾맛돶쿖퓚20쫀볍퓧웚,뇋쪱헽뒦폚뗚뛾듎릤튵룯쏼놳뺰쿂,뿆톧벼쫵뗄뷸ꆡꆡ쫕룥죕웚:2006201217;탞룄죕웚:2007203212.ꆡꆡ믹뷰쿮쒿:맺볒ퟔ좻뿆톧믹뷰훺쿮쒿(70372018).ꆡꆡퟷ헟볲뷩:솺타죧(1976ꆪ),얮,늩쪿,붲쪦,퇐뺿랽쿲캪벼쫵뒴탂폫횪쪶맜샭.' 1994-2008 China Academic Journal Electronic Publishing House. All rights reserved.
32퇐뺿폫랢햹맜샭뗚19뻭ꆡ늽뫍릤튵짺닺뗄룟헇쪹쫀뷧평ꆰ헴웻쪱듺ꆱ뷸죫ꆰ뗧웸쪱듺ꆱ.뻸듳뛠쫽탂탋웳튵뚼풴ퟔ폚쪵퇩쫒뗄돉맻뫍쳬닅뗄랢쏷.죧놴뛻랢쏷뗧뮰,놴죻쒬랢쏷슯솶룖램,십뿉쓡쫔퇩컞쿟뗧춨톶돉릦.듋쪱,떥룶뒴탂뛔웳튵랢햹췹췹웰떽뻶뚨탔뗄ퟷ폃,뒴탂헟춨뎣쫇쒳룶죋믲쒳룶킡ퟩ.틲듋맜샭헟붫뒴탂룼뛠뗘쫇뾴돉튻쿮맂솢ꆢ춻랢뗄믮뚯.퓚뒴탂헟캪룶쳥뗄쟩뿶쿂,뒴탂(innovation)뫍뒴퓬솦(creativity)춨뎣틢캶ퟅ쿠춬뗄몬틥[1],뒴탂맽돌튲뻍뗈춬폚뒴퓬맽돌,쯹틔뛔뒴탂맽돌뗄퇐뺿룼뛠뚼쫇맘폚뒴퓬맽돌뗄퇐뺿.퓚듋믹뒡짏,솽훖볙짨펦퓋뛸짺:뒴탂헟뻟폐쒳훖뒴탂쳘훊뫍뒴탂헟뻟놸쒳훖뒴탂벼쟉.퓧웚맘폚뒴탂뗄퇐뺿뛠뻛붹폚랢쿖뫍쏨쫶뢻폐뒴퓬솦뗄죋룱쳘훊.뫳웚Amabile(1983)쳡돶쇋뺭뗤뗄뒴퓬솦죽돉럝싛:튵쿠맘벼쓜(domain2relevantskills),뒴퓬솦쿠맘벼쓜(creativity2relevantskills)뫍죎컱벤샸(taskmotivation).헫뛔룶쳥뒴탂헟뗄뒴탂맜샭샭싛뛠뒦폚ꆰ쫂볾맛ꆱ뗄닣쏦.퓚뒴탂맜샭뗄ꆰ쫂볾맛ꆱ훐,뒴탂쫇ꆰ쇩맢튻쿖ꆱ,뻟폐벫잿뗄늻좷뚨탔.웳튵쯹쓜ퟶ뗄횻쫇즸톡뢻폐뒴탂쳘훊뗄풱릤,룸폨뒴탂벼쟉뗄엠통.떫쫇풱릤쫇럱쓜릻훷뚯랢믓쓜솦뷸탐뒴탂,뒴탂뗄랽쿲ꆢ쫽솿뫍훊솿,쓋훁뒴탂죧뫎짌튵뮯뚼늻뒦폚웳튵뗄뿘훆횮훐.뒴탂늻좷뚨탔듸살뻞듳뗄럧쿕.쯤좻늻랦쒳튻쿮랢쏷탋췺쇋튻룶웳튵쓋훁튻룶탐튵뗄샽ퟓ,떫쫇,쿠뛔살쮵캪웳튵듸살뗄볛횵퓶볓쫇럇뎣폐쿞뗄.죧,뒴튵횮돵,3M뗄뒴탂짐뒦폚ꆰ쫂볾맛ꆱ뗄닣쏦,닉폃뗄쫇럇뎣웕춨뗄첽쯷탔랽램:볡돖늻킸뗘뷸탐퇐뺿ꆢퟰ훘룶죋뗄쫗뒴뺫짱틔벰풸틢듓ퟮ닒춴뗄쪧냜훐믱좡뺭퇩.틲뛸,뒴탂돉맻뗄돶쿖듸폐튻뚨뗄얼좻탔,짵훁폐튻뚨뗄퓋웸틲쯘.1925쓪,3M릫쮾뗄벼쫵탅쾢쫖닡훐횸돶:횻폐틀뾿ꆰ탂쮼쿫ꆱ,릫쮾닅쓜늻뛏뗘랢햹ꆢ쳡룟.쯤좻돵웚뗄3M릫쮾틑뺭틢쪶떽뒴탂뛔폚릫쮾랢햹뻟폐벫뛋훘튪탔,떫쫇뛔뒴탂맽돌놾짭뮹좱랦죏쪶,짐쎻폐탎돉쾵춳뗄벼쫵뒴탂맜샭헾닟,뒴탂믮뚯룼쿱쫇튻볾얼좻뗄쫂볾,룼뛠뗘쫇뾿룶죋뗄쇩룐직쿖.죧떱쪱,튻룶쒫쮮짺닺짌룸싳뿋쓎쳘킴탅튪쟳믱좡3M뗄즰횽퇹욷.싳뿋쓎쳘뛔듋룐떽쪮럖뫃웦,쯻늻쫇볲떥뗘별좥벸헅퇹욷,뛸쫇쿲헢캻쒫쮮짌톯컊캪뫎폐듋탨튪,뷡맻뗃횪쒫쮮짌랢쏷쇋튻훖럀쮮즰횽,폚쫇싳뿋쓎쳘쮵럾쒫쮮짌붫랢쏷싴룸3M늢볓죫릫쮾돉캪튻쏻퇐뺿죋풱.1920쓪,ꆰ늻엂쮮ꆱ(wetordry)붺횽췆돶뫳톸쯙돉캪뎩쿺닺욷[2].맺쓚탭뛠웳튵퓚뒴튵돵웚,뒴탂맜샭쪵볹튲쫴폚ꆰ쫂볾맛ꆱ.죧쟳늮뻽퓚1988쓪뒴튵돵웚,폃1쓪쇣4룶퓂뗄쪱볤뛀ퟔ뾪랢쇋좡듺WordStar뗄ퟖ뒦샭쾵춳뗄몺ퟖ죭볾ꆪꆪꆪWPS[3].헢훖뒴탂뻟폐ꆰ룶죋펢탛훷틥ꆱ뗄쳘뗣,떱쪱늢쎻폐췪짆뗄죭볾뾪랢뫍맜샭쇷돌,췪좫뾿룶죋뗄얬솦뫍쳬뢳.쯦ퟅ죭볾릦쓜뗄죕틦잿듳뫍죭볾뾪랢맽돌뗄뢴퓓뮯,떥뾿룶죋뗄솦솿뻍쓑틔쪵쿖.3ꆡ쇷돌맛20쫀볍60쓪듺뫳웚쫇튻룶뺺헹퓶잿뗄쪱웚,짺닺싊쿔훸쳡룟,탭뛠닺욷릩쟳믹놾욽뫢.퓚헢퇹뗄놳뺰뮷뺳횮쿂,듳탍웳튵뾪쪼훘쫓쫐뎡뗄ퟷ폃,웚췻춨맽뒴탂살붵뗍돉놾,쳡룟짺닺싊,ퟮ훕삩햹쫐뎡[4].헢늻쫇튻솽쿮훘듳뒴탂쯹쓜쪵쿖뗄.뮷뺳뗄뇤뮯튪쟳뒴탂샫뾪쳬닅뗄쪵퇩쫒,뫍웳튵뗄짺닺뺭펪뷡뫏쏜쟐.늻뷶뒴탂뗄탨쟳솿뇤듳,뛸쟒뒴탂믮뚯놾짭튲뾪쪼뢴퓓뮯,늻퓙쫇쪵퇩쫒믲헟룶죋쓜뛀ퟔ돐떣뗄.춨맽뛔뇈퇐뺿,Abernathy뫍Utterback뚼죏캪,탭뛠늻돉릦뗄뒴탂뚼폐튻룶릲춬뗄풭틲:벴좱짙뇘튪뗄횧돖살쳡룟웳튵벼쫵쓜솦[5].틲뛸탭뛠웳튵붨솢믲췪짆쇋벼쫵퇐랢늿쏅,볓잿쇋뛔벼쫵뒴탂뗄횰쓜맜샭.듋쪱,뒴탂늻퓙뷶뷶쫇쒳룶룶죋뗄쯦믺탐캪,뛸훰' 1994-2008 China Academic Journal Electronic Publishing House. All rights reserved.
ꆡ뗚6웚솺타죧:듓쫂볾맛떽쓜솦맛:뒴탂맜샭뗄탂량풾33붥랢햹돉캪튻룶뛠횰쓜엤뫏ꆢ폐볆뮮뗄릤ퟷ.뒴탂맜샭ꆰ쇷돌맛ꆱ뻟폐솽룶쿔훸쳘뗣(튲뻍쫇Abernathy뫍Utterback쯹뾴훘뗄헢훖횧돖).(1)뒴탂훷쳥랶캧뗄삩듳.룼뛠뗄쿠맘헟냼몬떽뒴탂믮뚯훐살,샽죧,퓚벼쫵뒴탂캪훷떼뗄볙짨믹뒡짏,Marquis(1969)뫍vonHippel(1988)럖뇰횸돶뒴탂뫍쫐뎡횮볤뻟폐쏜늻뿉럖뗄맘쾵,냑붥뷸탔뒴탂돉릦뗄뫋탄튪쯘맩뷡캪볓잿벼쫵폫쫐뎡뗄늿쏅솪쾵ꆢ짆폚붫잱퓚쫐뎡탨튪폫벼쫵쮼쿫뷡뫏웰살.듋쪱뒴탂틑뺭늻퓙쫇쒳룶룶쳥뗄쫂쟩,뛸쫇헻룶늿쏅,믲헟튻쾵쇐늿쏅뗄릤ퟷ.늿쏅쓚늿,늿쏅폫늿쏅횮볤,뚼폐쏷좷뗄횰쓜럖릤,춨맽쇷돌쿠솴뷓.(2)뛔뒴탂맽돌뗄쾸뮯뫍맜샭[6].Nelson(1982)횸돶:ꆰꆭꆭ컒쏇튪볲떥뗘쟸럖헫뛔뒴탂뗄(벴뷢뻶컊쳢뗄)ퟩ횯믮뚯뫍헢훖믮뚯뗄뷡맻.캧죆뒴탂믮뚯뗄늻좷뚨탔,쫇믮뚯뷡맻뗄늻좷뚨탔ꆱ.Nelson죏캪뒴탂믮뚯맽돌뗄늻좷뚨탔뿉틔춨맽뛔뒴틢뷸탐톡냎ꆢ움볛ꆢ췪짆ꆢ쪵쪩뫍췆맣뗄튻쾵쇐맜샭듫쪩살쿻돽.퓚ꆰ쇷돌맛ꆱ훐,헢킩맜샭듫쪩뚼틑뺭붨솢,늢춨맽늻뛏뗄횴탐뛸만뮯돉캪웳튵뗄ꆰ맟샽ꆱ.헢틢캶ퟅ,퓚뒴탂맜샭뗄ꆰ쇷돌맛ꆱ훐,늢늻쫇업돢얼랢뗄뒴탂쫂볾,뛸쫇춨맽뛔뒴탂믮뚯뗄ퟩ횯맜샭붫헢킩얼좻탔훃폚뿘훆횮훐.Twiss(1980)쯹쇐뻙뗄벼쫵뒴탂뗄웟듳펰쿬틲쯘뻍쫇뒴탂맜샭ꆰ쇷돌맛ꆱ뗄ퟮ병킴헕:ꋙ좷죏쫐뎡탨튪;ꋚ폫웳튵쒿뇪쿠뷡뫏;ꋛ톡퓱뫃뒴탂쿮쒿늢붨솢폐킧움볛쾵춳;ꋜ헫뛔뒴탂쿮쒿뷸탐폐킧뗄맜샭뫍뿘훆;ꋝ튪폐뒴퓬탔뗄짨쿫;ꋞ붨솢짆폚닉쓉뒴탂뗄ퟩ횯;ꋟ폐췪짆뗄퓰죎훆.ꆰ쇷돌맛ꆱ뗄뻖쿞탔퓚폚뒴탂뷶뷶쫇쇷돌쓚늿뗄뒴탂.듓ퟩ횯뗄뷇뛈럖컶,웳튵뛔풱릤뷸탐붱샸쫇틲캪쇷돌짏뗄룄뷸ꆪꆪꆪ쳡짽짺닺싊,복짙럏웺욷,뒫뗝룸풱릤뗄탅쾢쫇뛔폚떥튻쒿뇪ꆪꆪꆪ쇷돌뗄맘힢.룷횰쓜늿쏅쫓튰쫜떽뻖쿞,ퟩ횯붫뇤뗃훘쫓럖컶뫍뿘훆,쟣쿲폚만쫘놾횰쓜,ퟮ훕ퟩ횯쟷폚붩뮯,쪧좥쫊펦췢뷧뮷뺳뇤뮯뗄쓜솦.듓ퟩ횯횪쪶닣쏦살뾴,ퟩ횯훐뗄횪쪶쏷쿔뗘놻쟸럖캪쇷돌쓚횪쪶뫍럇쇷돌횪쪶,쇷돌쓚횪쪶뿉틔춨맽췪짆뗄뇠싫ꆢ톧쾰뫍릲쿭믺훆훰붥삩즢,뛸뛔럇쇷돌횪쪶퓲늻폨틔맘힢,듳듳쿷죵쇋뒴탂뗄횪쪶믹뒡,붵뗍ퟩ횯뗄횪쪶놾듦솿.듓ퟩ횯돉풱뗄닣쏦럖컶,ꆰ쇷돌맛ꆱ붫룶쳥쫓캪쇷돌뗄튻늿럖,돤럖틀뾿쇷돌붫룶쳥솪쾵웰살,뛸뛔룶쳥뗄훷맛쓜뚯탔뗷뚯늻ퟣ.ꆰ쇷돌맛ꆱ뗄뒴탂떼훂뒴탂듸살뗄볛횵퓶볓횻쫇뛔폚쇷돌뛸퇔,볛횵퓶볓돌뛈뿉풤닢,뛸쟒쯦ퟅ쇷돌뗄늻뛏돉쫬튲뇤뗃뿕볤풽살풽폐쿞.3M릫쮾뒴탂맜샭뗄ꆰ쇷돌맛ꆱ탎돉틔뷸탐뎤웚뿆톧퇐뺿뗄훐퇫퇐뺿쪵퇩쫒뗄붨돉캪뇪횾.1937쓪,퓚싳뿋쓎쳘뫍뾨뛻뛙쇬떼쿂뗄3M쇬떼닣릲춬뗃돶쇋튻룶뷡싛:퇐뺿쫇릫쮾뗃틔랢햹뗄캨튻ꆢ튲쫇ퟮ훷튪뗄틲쯘.3M틢쪶떽탨튪쾵춳뗘붨솢퇐뺿늿쏅뫍맦랶뗄퇐랢맜샭쳥쾵,듓뛸놣횤뒴탂뗄돖탸랢햹.듋쪱,3M뗄뒴탂맽돌뾪쪼평룶쳥맽돌뮯캪웳튵맽돌.뒴탂맽돌훐돶쿖쇋횰쓜럖릤,늢쟒럖뇰평쿠펦뗄횰쓜늿쏅돐떣,헢퇹폐샻폚쳡룟뒴탂킧싊뫍뒴탂돉릦싊,뷚풼뒴탂돉놾,듳듳붵뗍뒴탂맽돌뗄늻좷뚨탔.죧릤틕벼쫵훐탄,죎컱쫇냯훺퇐뺿죋풱냑탂벼쫵뇤돉닺욷,훘뗣퓚폚뫋탄벼쫵짺닺릤틕뗄뾪랢,놣횤벼쫵쿲짌튵짺닺뗄돉릦맽뛉.헢킩벼쫵훐탄늻뷶캪쪵퇩쫒뿆톧볒쪵쿖닺욷뗄듳맦쒣짺닺쳡릩쇋맣삫쟾뗀,뛸쟒뮹쓜쪹닺욷뻟폐뺺헹폅쫆.룄뷸닺욷탔쓜,쳡룟훊솿뫍붵뗍돉놾.평폚3M릫쮾닺욷벼쫵탔잿,헫뛔벼쫵짨볆닺욷폃춾,톡퓱쒿뇪폃뮧좺돉캪맘볼.퇐뺿죋풱뛔벼쫵쇋뷢럇뎣돤럖,돉캪붫벼쫵뫍쫐뎡뷡뫏뗄ퟮ병죋톡.1949쓪,캪쇋놣횤뒴탂쓜릻뫍쫐뎡탨쟳뷴쏜뷡뫏,3M춨맽닆컱뛀솢붫룷튵컱늿쏅췆쿲쫐뎡,퇐랢죋풱늻뷶튪뢺퓰퇐랢,뮹튪뢺퓰캪탂닺욷톰헒쫐뎡,뷸탐쫐뎡췆맣.퓚뎤웚뗄쏾쯷훐,3M탎돉쇋뛀쳘뗄뒴탂맜샭샭쓮.튻랽쏦,3M' 1994-2008 China Academic Journal Electronic Publishing House. All rights reserved.
34퇐뺿폫랢햹맜샭뗚19뻭ꆡ퓚맜샭짏쳥쿖돶럇랲뗄쓍탄뫍뿭죝,쳡릩샠쯆컂쫒뗄뮷뺳틔엠폽럖횧벼쫵ퟔ평랢햹.쿈듓튻훖뫋탄벼쫵뗄럖횧뾪쪼,좻뫳퓙캪헢훖벼쫵톰헒뿉틔펦폃뗄쫐뎡,듓뛸뾪뒴돶튻훖탂닺튵.쇭튻랽쏦,3M튲뛔닺튵랢햹뷸탐쫐뎡럖컶뫍풤닢,훆뚨뾪랢탂쫐뎡뗄햽싔늢럖뷢떽뻟쳥벼쫵뗄뾪랢.ퟔ짏뛸쿂뗄햽싔볆뮮뫍ퟔ쿂뛸짏뗄뒴탂퇝뮯맽돌쫇뮥늹뗄,뛸늻쫇뮥쿠쎬뛜뗄.퓚3M,벼쫵뒴탂퓚ퟔ좻뷸뮯뫍햽싔톡퓱뗄솪뫏췆뚯쿂쮳샻잰뷸.뷰즽죭볾릫쮾뗄낸샽틠춬.쯦ퟅ탅쾢벼쫵뗄랢햹,뾿룶죋뛸뷸탐죭볾퇐랢틑뺭뇤뗃컞램쿫쿳.떽2002쓪,뷰즽릫쮾뢺퓰뷰즽뚾냔퇐랢릤ퟷ뗄쫇튻룶뷼60죋뗄튵췅뛓,럖돉쯄룶ퟩ:펦폃ퟩ,뢺퓰죭볾뷧쏦짨볆;틽쟦ퟩ,뢺퓰늡뚾퇹놾쫕벯ꆢ럖컶ꆢ헻샭뗈;췸싧냦킡ퟩ,뢺퓰웳튵벶닺욷뗄퇐랢릤ퟷ;닢쫔ퟩ,뢺퓰닺욷닢쫔.헻룶췅뛓췪좫내헕CMMII(CapabilityMaturityModelforSoftware,죭볾쓜솦돉쫬뛈쒣탍)쳥쾵뇪ힼ뷸탐퇐랢믮뚯[7].4ꆡ쓜솦맛뷸죫21쫀볍,쯦ퟅ뺺헹톹솦뗄퓶듳,좫쟲뗄뺺헹풽살풽쳥쿖캪뺭볃뫍뿆벼쫆솦뗄뺺헹,뛸벼쫵뒴탂퓲죕틦돉캪듙뷸뺭볃퓶뎤뫍쳡룟뿆벼뺺헹솦뗄맘볼[8ꆫ10].쯦ퟅ횪쪶뺭볃쪱듺뗄살쇙,풽살풽뛠뗄웳튵랢쿖,뷶폐솼뫃뗄짺닺킧싊ꆢퟣ릻룟뗄훊솿,짵훁쇩믮탔틑늻ퟣ틔놣돖쫐뎡뺺헹폅쫆.뒴탂헽죕틦돉캪웳튵짺듦폫랢햹뗄늻뷟풴좪뫍뚯솦[11].웳튵횮볤뗄뺺헹튲풽살풽뇭쿖캪뒴탂뺺헹.뒴탂,틑뺭돉캪웳튵뗄튻훖쓜솦.쿠펦폚웳튵뒴탂쪵볹뗄튪쟳,풽살풽뛠뗄퇐뺿헟럗럗횸돶:뒴탂늻퓙횻쫇웳튵훐늿럖횰쓜죋풱뗄샻,뛸펦쫇좫쳥풱릤뗄릲춬탐캪.죋죋뚼뿉틔돉캪돶즫뗄뒴탂풴,벴좫풱뒴탂[12ꆫ14].퓚R[12]obertTuckerퟜ뷡뗄뒴탂컥풭퓲훐쏷좷횸돶:ퟩ횯뇘탫붫쎿튻룶죋뚼컼쫕떽뒴탂맽돌횮훐.ퟩ횯훐뗄쯹폐돉풱,냼삨쯹폐샻틦쿠맘헟뚼돉캪뒴탂훷쳥,헢쫇뒴탂맜샭ꆰ쓜솦맛ꆱ뗄놾훊쳘헷.ꆰ쫂볾맛ꆱꆢꆰ쇷돌맛ꆱ뫍ꆰ쓜솦맛ꆱ듺뇭ퟅ죽룶닣듎뗝뷸뗄뒴탂맜샭맛뗣,쳥쿖쇋ퟩ횯뛔뒴탂뷸탐쾵춳쮼뾼뗄늻춬닣듎.퓚ꆰ쓜솦맛ꆱ쿂,춬퇹듦퓚ퟅ얼좻뗄뒴탂쫂볾,튲뿉쓜내헕쇷돌맦뮮뒴탂.떫쿠뛔폚ꆰ쇷돌맛ꆱ훐뗄뒴탂횻쫇뻖쿞폚늿쏅믲쇷돌쓚늿뗄샭쓮,ꆰ쓜솦맛ꆱ뛔폚뒴탂뗄뚨틥뾪쪼쿲태뇋쳘뗄ퟮ돵뚨틥믘맩,벴죏캪뒴탂쫇튻룶쾵춳ퟜ쳥뗄룅쓮,냼삨짺닺ꆢ뺭펪ꆢ맜샭ꆢퟩ횯뗈랽쏦,룼잿뗷룷횰쓜뫍쇷돌횮볤뗄쿠뮥킭춬.룷훖뒴탂튪쯘횮볤뗄벯돉폫킭춬쫇놣횤뒴탂킧맻뗄훘튪쳵볾[15].떱좻,헢훖헻뫏탔뗄믘맩늢늻쫇볲떥뗄룅쓮믘뢴,뛸쫇퓚럖컶퇐뺿믹뒡짏뗄튻훖룼룟닣듎뗄춳튻.웳튵맜샭헟쏇풽살풽붫헻룶릫쮾랶캧뗄뒴탂쫓캪믹놾ힼ퓲,뻍쿱맽좥뾴듽훊솿튻퇹[12].ꆰ쓜솦맛ꆱ뗄튻훖듺뇭탔샭싛쫇탭쟬죰쯹쳡돶뗄좫쏦뒴탂맜샭(totalinnovationmanagement)샭싛.탭쟬죰뗈ퟜ뷡쇋맺쓚췢ퟮ탂뒴탂샭싛벰컒맺듳솿웳튵뺭펪맜샭돉냜뗄뺭퇩뷌통,쫗듎쾵춳쳡돶쇋웳튵뺭펪맜샭뗄좫쏦뒴탂맦싉,늢퓚2002쓪쳡돶좫쏦뒴탂맜샭(TIM)뗄샭싛뿲볜[6].좫쏦뒴탂맜샭쫇틔엠퇸뫋탄쓜솦ꆢ쳡룟뫋탄뺺헹솦캪떼쿲,틔볛횵뒴퓬/퓶볓캪ퟮ훕쒿뇪,틔룷훖뒴탂튪쯘(죧벼쫵ꆢퟩ횯ꆢ쫐뎡ꆢ햽싔ꆢ맜샭뒴탂ꆢ컄뮯ꆢ훆뛈뗈)뗄폐믺ퟩ뫏폫킭춬뒴탂캪쫖뛎,춨맽폐킧뗄뒴탂맜샭믺훆ꆢ랽램뫍릤뻟,솦쟳ퟶ떽ꆰ죽좫튻킭춬ꆱ.죽좫벴좫튪쯘뒴탂ꆢ좫쪱뿕뒴탂뫍좫볛횵솴뒴탂;튻킭춬벴좫튪쯘킭춬뒴탂.ꆰ쓜솦맛ꆱ틢캶ퟅ듓쾵춳뗄뷇뛈뾴듽뒴탂,룼힢훘랢뻲풱릤뗄뒴탂쓜뚯탔,붫쎿튻룶풱릤뚼뇤돉뒴탂훷쳥,좫쏦뗘벤샸뫍킭춬뒴탂믮뚯.듋쪱뒴탂쯹듸살뗄볛횵틑뺭늻뷶뷶뻖쿞폚돉놾쯵' 1994-2008 China Academic Journal Electronic Publishing House. All rights reserved.
ꆡ뗚6웚솺타죧:듓쫂볾맛떽쓜솦맛:뒴탂맜샭뗄탂량풾35복ꆢ탂닺욷췆돶뫍쇷돌폅뮯,뒴탂붫냯훺웳튵췚뻲탂뗄뺭볃퓶뎤뗣,쳡짽뫋탄뺺헹쓜솦뫍폐킧췾짥뺺헹뛔쫖.뷏횮ꆰ쇷돌맛ꆱ,ꆰ쓜솦맛ꆱ룼훘쫓랢쿖탂볛횵뫍붨솢ퟩ횯쓜솦뇚생,폐킧놣횤웳튵뗄돖탸뺭펪.틔뒴탂횪쏻뗄GE릫쮾쫇쪩탐ꆰ쓜솦맛ꆱ뗄뗤탍듺뇭.ퟔ1981쓪틔살,캤뛻웦뾪쪼룄ퟩ릫쮾.ꆰ쫽튻쫽뛾ꆱ햽싔쪹뗃GE냾샫쇋퓚룷ퟔ탐튵훐늻햼폅쫆뗄튵컱,풼폐20췲죋샫뾪쇋춨폃뗧웸릫쮾.믺릹뺫볲뫳쯤좻닆컱ힴ뿶뗃떽쇋뛌웚뗄룄짆,떫쫇캤뛻웦쏴죱뗘랢쿖,뺫볲늻뗈폚훘붨,춨폃뗧웸릫쮾잱퓚뗄맜샭컄뮯죔좻쫇동뮺ꆢ맙쇅뫍힢훘럖컶;뺭샭쏇룼볓틀삵폚쏼쇮뫍뿘훆,뛸늻쫇닎폫뫍쫚좨.룄룯횻룄뇤쇋춨폃뗧웸릫쮾뗄햽싔ꆢ뷡릹뫍돉놾믹뒡,뛸쎻폐뒥벰죕뢴튻죕뗄릤ퟷ랽쪽.캤뛻웦뾪쪼톰헒닉폃뫎훖뻙듫닅쓜훘탂뻛벯릫쮾뗄솦솿,붨솢햸탂ꆢ룼볓뢻폐뺺헹솦뗄GE.듓80쓪듺쒩뾪쪼,캤뛻웦뫍춨폃뗧웸뗄좫쳥풱릤춬탄킭솦,춨맽퓚웳튵쓚좫쏦햹뾪튻쿮놻돆횮캪ꆰ좺닟좺솦ꆱ뗄믮뚯,ퟮ훕쪹춨폃뗧웸돉캪컞뒦늻뒴탂ꆢ컞죋늻뒴탂뗄뒴탂탍웳튵.GE뗄ꆰ좺닟좺솦ꆱ쫇ꆰ쓜솦맛ꆱ퓚웳튵맜샭쪵볹짏뗄돉릦펦폃.ꆰ좺닟좺솦ꆱ믹폚튻쿟풱릤뛔폚웳튵쇋뷢뗃ퟮ쟥돾헢튻볙짨,웤뫋탄럇뎣볲떥:벤랢웳튵훐쯹폐풱릤ꆪꆪꆪ늻맜쯻쏇퓚ퟩ횯훐뗄횰캻죧뫎ꆪꆪꆪ뗄뒴퓬솦,떱헢킩뗣ퟓ쫕벯웰살늢뮯캪탐뚯횮뫳,짺닺솦뻍풴풴늻뛏뗘듓ퟩ횯훐쫍럅돶살.ꆰ좺닟좺솦ꆱ쒿뇪늻뷶뷶쫇뷢뻶컊쳢뗄랽램,뛸쟒쫇붫웳튵훐쯹폐돉풱,폈웤쫇튻쿟풱릤뇤돉훷뚯뒴퓬헟ꆪꆪꆪ죋쏇쓜릻훷뚯ꆢ컞뻐컞쫸뗘뒴탂늢캪뿍뮧쳡릩럾컱.ퟩ횯쓚뗄풱릤뾪쪼듓헻룶쾵춳뗄뷇뛈뛸늻쫇ퟔ벺늿쏅뗄뷇뛈돶랢뾼싇컊쳢.쯼듙쪹춨폃뗧웸듲웆늿쏅횮볤뗄뇟뷧,죃ퟩ횯뇤뗃룼뻟폐째춸솦,돤싺떯탔뫍죡죍탔.뒴탂ퟮ훕돉캪튻훖쓜솦쏖싾폚헻룶ퟩ횯,붫헻룶춨폃뗧웸쓽뷡돉캪튻룶뿬쯙랴펦뗄ꆢ뒴탂뗄ꆢ쎻폐뇟뷧뗄웳튵,쓜릻톸쯙뇤뮯쫊펦췢뷧뮷뺳,쓜릻췆뚯ퟩ횯룼폐킧뗘퓋탐.늻뷶죧듋,뒴탂뮹쫇튻룶폀컞택횹뗄맽돌,쯼뻟폐늻뛏짺뎤뗄쓜솦ꆪꆪꆪ듓횻맘힢뺫볲믺릹떽맘힢튵컱쇷돌ꆢ맘힢뿍뮧,좻뫳쫇볓쯙뇤룯,틔벰룼뛠뎤풶뗄쫂컯.폃쮹뗙럲ꆤ뿋뛻뗄뮰살쮵,ꆰ좺닟좺솦ꆱퟮ훕뇤돉쇋ꆰ퓚ퟔ좻뗄뗘랽랢짺뗄ퟔ좻탐캪ꆱ.퓚쪩탐ꆰ좺닟좺솦ꆱ횮잰,캤뛻웦틑뺭틢쪶떽ꆰ쇷돌맛ꆱ뫍ꆰ쓜솦맛ꆱ횮볤뗄놾훊쟸뇰.떱쪱,춨폃뗧웸릫쮾뗄폐킩튵컱훷맜,쳘뇰쫇량믺랢뚯믺튵컱뗄훷맜,벫솦폎쮵폃쇹컷룱싪뗄랽램듺쳦ꆰ좺닟좺솦ꆱ.헢쪱,쒦췐싞삭릫쮾뗄쇹컷룱싪헽돉캪튵뷧웕뇩톧쾰뗄냱퇹.좻뛸,캤뛻웦죏캪,쇹컷룱싪헢퇹룟벶뗄럖컶랽램붫잿뮯춨폃뗧웸릫쮾틑뺭럇뎣퇏훘뗄틔럖컶뫍뿘훆캪떼쿲뗄컄뮯,뛸늻쫇톸쯙ꆢ좫쏦뇤룯뗄쓜솦.쫂쪵횤쏷쇋캤뛻웦뗄풶볻ힿ쪶.춨폃뗧웸릫쮾뇤뗃룼볓뢻폐죍탔ꆢ믮솦뫍쓽뻛솦,뛸쟒뒴붨쇋틔뇤룯캪떼쿲,뻟폐룼잿뒴탂쓜솦뗄컄뮯,틲듋쯼쓜릻룼폐쓜솦퓚5쓪뫳쪵쪩쇹컷룱싪.쿠랴뗘,80쓪듺쇹컷룱싪뗄쿈럦ꆪꆪꆪ쒦췐싞삭,좴쎻폐뒴붨ퟣ릻톸쯙뫍죡죍뗄컄뮯릮만쯼뗄훊솿믹뒡,퓚90쓪듺쒩뾪쪼쿔쿖돶컞램쫊펦쪱듺뇤뮯뗄췇쫆[17].퓚틔뒴탂캪믪뗄몣뛻,ꆰ쓜솦맛ꆱ뗃떽쇋돤럖뗄쳥쿖,뒴탂돉캪몣뛻쎿룶풱릤뗄쓜솦.퓚몣뛻,뒴탂뻍쿱뫴컼튻퇹ퟔ좻쇷뎩.헅죰쏴횸돶,몣뛻죋죋뚼쫇SBU(햽싔뺭펪떥캻),풱릤뗄뒴탂쫇웳튵ퟮ폐볛횵뗄닺,맜샭뗄놾훊늻퓚폚뿘훆풱릤뗄탐캪,뛸퓚폚룸풱릤쳡릩뒴탂뗄뿕볤.몣뛻풱릤뗄뒴탂믮솦살ퟔ틔몣뛻뛀뒴뗄OEC맜샭램뫍ꆰ쫐뎡솴ꆱ맜샭믺훆캪뫋탄뗄탐횮폐킧뗄튻헻쳗맜샭훆뛈.듓1999쓪뾪쪼,몣뛻룹뻝췢늿쫐뎡뗄튪쟳,뒴탂맜샭믺훆,쪵탐ꆰ쯷돪ꆢ쯷엢ꆢ쳸햢ꆱ뗄쓚늿ꆰ쫐뎡솴ꆱ훆뛈,죃쎿튻룶풱릤뚼쏦쿲쫐뎡,뚼폐튻룶뒴탂뗄뿕볤.몣뛻뗄쫽췲쏻풱릤훐펿쿖돶쇋틔튻쿟횰릤쏼쏻뗄ꆰ쿾쇡냢쫖ꆱ,ꆰ퓆퇠뺵ퟓꆱꆢꆰ웴쏷몸잹ꆱꆢꆰ짪잿맒릳ꆱ뗈튻듳엺벼쫵랢쏷뫍룯탂돉맻.헽쫇평폚헢킩풱릤뗄뒴퓬탔샍뚯,몣뛻쎿쳬뚼폐탂뗄뷸늽뫍뎬풽.듓1997쓪' 1994-2008 China Academic Journal Electronic Publishing House. All rights reserved.
36퇐뺿폫랢햹맜샭뗚19뻭ꆡ떽2000쓪뗗,몣뛻릲쫕떽풱릤뗄뫏샭뮯붨틩1316췲쳵,놻닉쓉718췲쳵,뒴킧틦411틚풪ꋙ.ꆰ쓜솦맛ꆱ힢훘뒴탂믮뚯뗄쾵춳탔뫍풱릤뗄뒴탂쓜뚯탔,붫쎿튻룶풱릤뚼뇤돉뒴탂훷쳥,좫쏦뗘벤샸뫍킭춬뒴탂믮뚯.ퟶ떽웳튵쓚컞죋ꆢ컞쪱ꆢ컞뒦늻뒴탂,뒴탂돉캪볲떥뛸ퟔ좻뗄튻쿮믮뚯.뒴탂붫냯훺웳튵췚뻲탂뗄뺭볃퓶뎤뗣,쳡짽뫋탄뺺헹쓜솦뫍폐킧췾짥뺺헹뛔쫖.뷏횮뒴탂맜샭뗄ꆰ쇷돌맛ꆱ,ꆰ쓜솦맛ꆱ룼훘쫓랢쿖탂볛횵뫍붨솢ퟩ횯쓜솦뇚생,폐킧놣횤웳튵뗄돖탸뺭펪.틲듋,ꆰ쓜솦맛ꆱ붫쫇뇘좻쟷쫆,쫇웳튵퓚탂뺭볃쳵볾쿂퓶잿뫋탄쓜솦ꆢ쳡룟맺볊뺺헹솦뗄맘볼.쒿잰컒맺듳뛠쫽웳튵뒴탂쓜솦놡죵뗄훷튪풭틲퓚폚뒴탂맜샭뗄횸떼샭쓮실뫳,뮹뒦폚ꆰ쇷돌맛ꆱ,짵훁쫂볾맛뗄닣쏦짏,쎻폐듓룹놾짏틢쪶떽뒴탂맜샭짏짽떽ꆰ쓜솦맛ꆱ뗄훘튪탔뫍뷴웈탔.닎ꆡ뾼ꆡ컄ꆡ쿗[1]ꆡWestMA,[M].Chichester:Wiley,1990.[2]ꆡUlrichD,KerrS,AshkenasR.뒴탂컖췁[M].돘뾡뎣,돂톩쯉,헅ꆡ뫬뗈틫.놱뺩:뮪쿄돶냦짧,2001.[3]ꆡ쟱ꆡ캰.듓벼쫵쳬닅떽닆뢻죋짺쟳늮뻽:룺뛔죋헒뛔죋[EB/OL]. 1994-2008 China Academic Journal Electronic Publishing House. All rights reserved.
ꆡ뗚6웚솺타죧:듓쫂볾맛떽쓜솦맛:뒴탂맜샭뗄탂량풾37FromEventViewtoCapabilityView:NewLeapofInnovationManagementLIANGXin2ru(SchoolofEconomicManagement,ZhejiangUniversityofTechnology,Hangzhouꆡ310018,China)Abstract:ItraisesanideathatdividesinnovationmanagementtheoryintothreestagesofEventView,,:innovationmanagement;innovationcapability;TIM(짏뷓뗚8튳)AStudyonTechnologicalLockoutinTechnologyFermentEraandStrategicDrivingFactorsXUEH12ong2zhi,TANJin2song,HEZ3heng(,NankaiUniversity,Tianjinꆡ300071,China;,YorkUniversity,TornadoM3J1P3,Canada;,UniversityofElectronicScienceandTechnology,Chengduꆡ610054,China)Abstract:Duringfermenteraoftechnologyevolution,,suchasnetworkexternality,customerchoicesoftechnologies,,,:technologyfermentera;technologicallockout;dominantparadigm;technologicalcompetition' 1994-2008 China Academic Journal Electronic Publishing House. All rights reserved.
