（营销技巧）联合国国际货
物销售公约
联合国国际货物销售合同公约(CISG)逐句中英文对照
联 合 国 国 际 货 物 销 售 合 同 公 约 (United Nations Convention on
Contracts
for the International Sale of Goods (1980) )
Preamble
The States Parties to this Convention Bearing in Mind the
broad objectives in the resolutions adopted by the sixth special
session of the General Assembly of the United Nations on the
establishment of a New International Economic Order.
Considering that the development of international trade on the
basis of equality and mutual benefit is an important element in
promoting friendly relations among States, Being of the Opinion
that the adoption of uniform rules which govern contracts for the
international sale of goods and take into account the different
social, economic and legal systems would contribute to the
removal of legal barriers in international trade and promote the
development of international trade, have decreed as follows:
本公约个缔约国 : 铭记联合国大会第六界特别会议通过的关于建立新
的国际经济次序的各项决议的广泛目标 , 考虑到在平等互利基础上发展
国际贸易 , 是促进各国间友好关系的一个重要因素 , 认为采用照顾到不
同的社会 , 经济和法律制度的国际货物销售合同统一规则，将有助于减少
国际贸易的法律障碍 , 促进国际贸易的发展 . 兹协议如下 .
PART I
Sphere of Application and General Provisions
Chapter I
Sphere of Application
Article 1
(1) This Convention applies to contracts of sale of goods
between parties whose places of business are in different States:
( 本公约适用于营业地在不同国家的当事人之间所订立的货物销售合
同， )
(a) when the States are Contracting States; or ( 如果这些国家是
缔约国 , 或 )
(b) when the rules of private international law lead to the
application of the law of a Contracting State. ( 如果国际私法规则导
致适用某一缔约国的法律， )
(2) The fact that the parties have their places of business in
different States is to be disregarded whenever this fact does not
appear either from the contract or from any dealings between, or
from information disclosed by, the parties at any time before or
at the conclusion of the contract. ( 当事人营业地在不同国家的事实，
如果从合同或从订立合同前任何时候或订立合同时 , 当事人之间的任何
交易或当事人透露的情报均看不出 , 应不予考虑 )
(3) Neither the nationality of the parties nor the civil or
commercial character of the parties or of the contract is to be
taken into consideration in determining the application of this
Convention. ( 在确定本公约的适用时 , 当事人的国籍和当事人或合同
的民事或商业性质，应不予考虑 )
Article 2
This Convention does not apply to sales: ( 本公约不适用以下的
销售 )
(a) of goods bought for personal, family or household use,
unless the seller, at any time before or at the conclusion of the
contract, neither knew nor ought to have known that the goods
were bought for any such use; ( 购供私人 , 家人或家庭使用的货物
销售 , 除非卖方再订立合同前任何时候或订立合同时不知道而且没有理
由知道这些货物是购供任何这种使用 )
(b) by auction; ( 经由拍卖销售的 )
(c) on execution or otherwise by authority of law; ( 根据法律执
行令状或其他领状的销售 )
(d) of stocks, shares, investment securities, negotiable （可通
过谈判解决的） instruments （手段） or money;( 公债，股票，投资
证券 , 流通票据或是货币的销售 )
(e) of ships, vessels （ 船 只 ） , hovercraft （ 水 翼 船 ） or
aircraft;( 船舶 船只，气垫船或是飞机的销售 )
(f) of electricity. ( 电力的销售 )
Article 3
(1) Contracts for the supply of goods to be manufactured or
produced are to be considered sales unless the party who orders
the goods undertakes to supply a substantial part of the
materials necessary for such manufacture or production.( 供应尚
待制造或生产的货物的合同应视为销售合同 , 除非订购货物的当事人保
证供应这种制造或生产所需的大部分重要材料 .)
(2) This Convention does not apply to contracts in which the
preponderant( 优势的 ) part of the obligations of the party （当事
人） who furnishes the goods consists in the supply of labour or
other services.( 本公约不适用于供应货物一方的绝大部分义务在于供应
劳力或其它服务的合同 )
Article 4
This Convention governs only the formation （形成） of the
contract of sale and the rights and obligations of the seller and
the buyer arising from （产生） such a contract. In particular,
except as otherwise expressly （ 明 确 地 ） provided in this
Convention, it is not concerned with: ( 本公约只适用于销售合同的
订立和卖方和买方因此种合同而产生的权利和义务 . 特别是本公约除非
另有明文规定 , 与以下事项无关 :)
(a) the validity （ 效 力 ） of the contract or of any of its
provisions （供应） or of any usage;( 合同的效力，或其任何条款的
效力，或任何惯例的效力 )
(b) the effect which the contract may have on the property in
the goods sold. （合同对所销售物所有权可能产生的影响。）
Article 5
This Convention does not apply to the liability （责任、义务）
of the seller for death or personal injury caused by the goods to
any person. （本公约不适用于卖方对于货物对任何人所造成得死亡或
伤害的责任）
Article 6
The parties may exclude the application of this Convention or,
subject to article 12, derogate （背离） from or vary the effect of
any of its provisions. （双方当事人可以不适用本公约，或在第十二条
的条件下，减损本公约德任何规定或改变其效力。）
Chapter II
General Provisions
Article 7
(1) In the interpretation of this Convention, regard is to be
had to its international character and to the need to promote
uniformity in its application and the observance of good faith in
international trade. （在解释本公约时，应考虑到本公约的国际性质和
促进其适用的统一以及在国际贸易上遵守诚信的需要。）
(2) Questions concerning matters governed by this
Convention which are not expressly settled in it are to be settled
in conformity with the general principles on which it is based or,
in the absence of such principles, in conformity with the law
applicable by virtue of the rules of private international law. （凡
本公约未明确解决的属于本公约范围的问题，应按照本公约所依据的一般
原则来解决，在没有一般原则的情况下，则应按照国际私法规定适用的法
律来解决。）
Article 8
(1) For the purposes of this Convention statements made by
and other conduct of a party are to be interpreted according to
his intent where the other party knew or could not have been
unaware what that intent was. （本公约的目的，一方当事人所作的声
明和其它行为，应依照他的意旨解释）
(2) If the preceding paragraph is not applicable, statements
made by and other conduct of a party are to be interpreted
according to the understanding that a reasonable person of the
same kind as the other party would have had in the same
circumstances. （如果上一款的规定不适用，当事人所作的声明和其它
行为，应按照一个与另一方当事人同等资格、通情达理的人处于相同情况
中，应有的理解来解释）
(3) In determining the intent of a party or the understanding a
reasonable person would have had, due consideration is to be
given to all relevant circumstances of the case including the
negotiations, any practices which the parties have established
between themselves, usages and any subsequent （后来的，并发的）
conduct of the parties. （在确定一方当事人的意旨或一个通情达理的
人应有的理解时，应适当的考虑到与事实有关的一切情况，包括谈判情形、
当事人之间确立的任何习惯作法、惯例和当事人其后的任何行为。）
Article 9
(1) The parties are bound （ 限 制 ） by any usage to which
they have agreed and by any practices which they have
established between themselves. （双方当事人业已统一的人和惯例
和他们之间确立的任何习惯作法，对双方当事人均有约束力。）
(2) The parties are considered, unless otherwise agreed, to
have impliedly made applicable to their contract or its formation
a usage of which the parties knew or ought to have known and
which in international trade is widely known to, and regularly
observed by, parties to contracts of the type involved in the
particular trade concerned. （除非另有协议，双方当事人应视为已默
示地同意对他们的合同或合同的订立适用双方当事人已知道或理应知道
的惯例，而这种惯例，在国际贸易上，已为有关贸易所涉同类合同的当事
人所广泛知道并为他们所经常遵守。）
Article 10
For the purposes of this Convention: （为本公约的目的）
(a) if a party has more than one place of business, the place of
business is that which has the closest relationship to the contract
and its performance, having regard to the circumstances known
to or contemplated by the parties at any time before or at the
conclusion of the contract; （如果当事人有一个以上的营业地，则以
合同约定的履行关系最密切的营业地为其营业地，但要考虑双方当事人在
定立合同前任何时候或订立合同时所知道或所设想的情况；）
(b) if a party does not have a place of business, （营业地）
reference is to be made to his habitual residence. ( 习惯住所地 )
（如果当事人没有营业地，则以其惯常居所地为准）
Article 11
A contract of sale need not be concluded in or evidenced by
writing and is not subject to any other requirement as to form. It
may be proved by any means, including witnesses. （销售合同无
须以书面订立或书面证明，在形式方面不受其他条件的限制。销售合同可
以用包括证人在内的任何方法证明）
Article 12
Any provision of article 11, article 29 or Part II of this
Convention that allows a contract of sale or its modification （变
更 ） or termination （ 终 止 ） by agreement or any offer,
acceptance or other indication of intention to be made in any
form other than in writing does not apply where any party has his
place of business in a Contracting State which has made a
declaration under article 96 of this Convention. The parties may
not derogate （毁损） from or vary the effect or this article. （本
公约第十一条、第十二条或第二部分准许销售合同或其更改或根据协议终
止，或者任何发价、接受或其他意旨表示得以任何形式作出的任何规定不
适用，如果任何一方当事人的营业地是在已按照本公约第九十六条作出了
一个声明的一个缔约国内，个当事人不得减损本条或改变其效力）
Article 13
For the purposes of this Convention "writing" includes
telegram and telex （电报） . （为本公约的目的，“书面”包括带难保
和电传）
PART II
Formation of the Contract
Article 14
(1) A proposal for concluding a contract addressed to one or
more specific persons constitutes an offer if it is sufficiently
definite and indicates the intention of the offeror to be bound in
case of acceptance. A proposal is sufficiently definite if it
indicates the goods and expressly or implicitly fixes or makes
provision for determining the quantity and the price. （向一个或
一个以上特定的人提出的订立合同的建议，如果十分确定并且表明发价人
在得到接受时承受约束的意旨，即构成发价。一个建议如果写明货物并且
明示或暗示地规定数量和价格或规定如何确定数量和价格，即为十分确
定。）
(2) A proposal other than one addressed to one or more
specific persons is to be considered merely as an invitation （邀
请） to make offers, unless the contrary is clearly indicated by
the person making the proposal. （ 非向一个或一个以上特定的人提
出的建议，仅应视为邀请做出发价，除非提出建议的人明确地表示相反的
意向。）
Article 15
(1) An offer becomes effective when it reaches the offeree.
（发价于送达被发价人时生效。）
(2) An offer, even if it is irrevocable （不能取消的） , may be
withdrawn if the withdrawal reaches the offeree before or at the
same time as the offer. （一项发价，即使是不可撤销的，得予撤回，
如果撤回通知于发价送达被发价人之前或同时，送达发价人。）
Article 16
(1) Until a contract is concluded an offer may be revoked （无
效） if the revocation （撤回） reaches the offeree before he has
dispatched （发出） an acceptance. （在未订立合同之前，发价得予
撤销，如果撤销通知于被发价人发出接受通知之前送达被发价人。）
(2) However, an offer cannot be revoked: （但在下列情况下，发
价不得撤销：）
(a) if it indicates, whether by stating a fixed time for
acceptance or otherwise, that it is irrevocable; or （发价写明接受
发价的期限或以其它方式表示发价是不可撤销的；或）
(b) if it was reasonable for the offeree to rely on the offer as
being irrevocable and the offeree has acted in reliance （相信）
on the offer. （被发价人有理由信赖该项发价是不可撤销的，而且被发
价人已本着对该项发价的信赖行事。）
Article 17
An offer, even if it is irrevocable, is terminated （终止） when
a rejection reaches the offeror. （一项发价，即使是不可撤销的，予
拒绝通知送达发价人时终止。）
Article 18
(1) A statement made by or other conduct of the offeree
indicating assent （同意） to an offer is an acceptance. Silence
or inactivity does not in itself amount to acceptance. （被发价人
声明或做出其它行为表示同意一项发价，即是接受。）
(2) An acceptance of an offer becomes effective at the
moment the indication of assent reaches the offeror. An
acceptance is not effective if the indication of assent does not
reach the offeror within the time he has fixed or, if no time is
fixed, within a reasonable time, due account being taken of the
circumstances of the transaction （交易） , including the rapidity
of the means of communication employed by the offeror. An oral
offer must be accepted immediately unless the circumstances
indicate otherwise. （接受发价于表示同意的通知送达发价人时生效。
如果表示同意的通知在发价人所规定的时间内，如为规定时间，在一段合
理的时间内，未曾送达发价人，接受就成为无效，但需要适当的考虑到交
易的情况，包括发价人所使用的通讯方法的迅速程度。对口头发价必须立
即接受，但情况有别者不在此限。）
(3) However, if, by virtue of （由于） the offer or as a result of
practices which the parties have established between themselves
or of usage, the offeree may indicate assent by performing an act,
such as one relating to the dispatch （发送） of the goods or
payment of the price, without notice to the offeror, the
acceptance is effective at the moment the act is performed,
provided that the act is performed within the period of time laid
down （规定） in the preceding paragraph. （但是，如果根据该项
发价或依照当事人之间确立的习惯作法或惯例，被发价人可以做出某种行
为，例如与发运货物或支付价款有关的行为，来表示同意，而无需向发价
人发出通知，则接受于该项行为做出时生效，但该项行为必须在上一款所
规定的期间内做出。）
Article 19
(1) A reply to an offer which purports （ 主 旨 ） to be an
acceptance but contains additions, limitations or other
modifications is a rejection of the offer and constitutes a
counter-offer. （对发价表示接受但载有添加、限制或其它更改的答复，
即委拒绝该项发价，并构成还价。）
(2) However, a reply to an offer which purports to be an
acceptance but contains additional or different terms which do
not materially alter the terms of the offer constitutes an
acceptance, unless the offeror, without undue （不适当的） delay,
objects orally to the discrepancy or dispatches a notice to that
effect. If he does not so object, the terms of the contract are the
terms （条款） of the offer with the modifications contained in
the acceptance. （但是， 对发价表示接受但载有添加或不同条件的答
复，如所载的添加或不同条件在实质上并不变更该项发价的条件，除发价
人在不过分迟延的期间内以口头或书面通知反对其间的差异外，仍构成接
受。如果发价人不做出这种反对，合同的条件就以该项发价的条件以及接
受通知内所载的更改为准。）
(3) Additional or different terms relating, among other things,
to the price, payment, quality and quantity of the goods, place
and time of delivery, extent of one party’s liability （责任，义务）
to the other or the settlement of disputes are considered to alter
the terms of the offer materially （本质上） . （有关货物价格、付款、
货物质量和数量、交付地点和时间、一方当事人对另一方当事人的赔偿责
任范围或解决争端等等的添加或不同条件，均视为实质上变更发价的条
件。）
Article 20
(1) A period of time for acceptance fixed by the offeror in a
telegram or a letter begins to run from the moment the telegram
is handed in for dispatch or from the date shown on the letter or,
if no such date is shown, from the date shown on the envelope. A
period of time for acceptance fixed by the offeror by telephone,
telex or other means of instantaneous （ 即 时 的 ）
communication, begins to run from the moment that the offer
reaches the offeree. （发价人在电报或信件内规定的接受期间，从电报
交发时刻或信上的载明的发信日期起算，如信上未载明发信日期，则从信
封上所载日期起算。发价人以电话、电传或其它快速通讯方法规定的接受
期间，从发价送达被发价人时起算。）
(2) Official holidays or non-business days occurring during
the period for acceptance are included in calculating the period.
However, if a notice of acceptance cannot be delivered at the
address of the offeror on the last day of the period because that
day falls on an official holiday or a non-business day at the place
of business of the offeror, the period is extended until the first
business day which follows. （ 在计算接受期间时，接受期间内的正
式假日或非营业日应计算在内。但是，如果接受通知在接受期间的最后１
天未能送到发价人地址，因为那天在发价人营业地是正式假日或非营业日，
则接受期间应顺延至下一个营业日。
Article 21
(1) A late acceptance is nevertheless effective as an
acceptance if without delay the offeror orally so informs （告知）
the offeree or dispatches a notice to that effect. （ 逾期接受仍有
接受的效力，如果发价人毫不迟延地用口头或书面将此种意见通知被发价
人。
(2) If a letter or other writing containing a late acceptance
shows that it has been sent in such circumstances that if its
transmission had been normal it would have reached the offeror
in due time, the late acceptance is effective as an acceptance
unless, without delay, the offeror orally informs the offeree that
he considers his offer as having lapsed or dispatches a notice to
that effect. （ 如果载有逾期接受的信件或其它书面文件表明，它是在传
递正常、能及时送达发价人的情况下寄发的，则该项逾期接受具有接受的
效力，除非发价人毫不迟延地用口头或书面通知被发价人：他认为他的发
价已经失效。
Article 22
An acceptance may be withdrawn if the withdrawal reaches
the offeror before or at the same time as the acceptance would
have become effective. （ 接受得予撤回，如果撤回通知于接受原应生
效之前或同时，送达发价人。
Article 23
A contract is concluded at the moment when an acceptance of
an offer becomes effective in accordance with the provisions （规
定） of this Convention. （ 合同于按照本公约规定对发价的接受生效
时订立。
Article 24
For the purposes of this Part of the Convention, an offer,
declaration of acceptance or any other indication of intention
"reaches" the addressee when it is made orally to him or
delivered by any other means to him personally, to his place of
business or mailing address or, if he does not have a place of
business or mailing address, to his habitual residence （习惯住所
地） . （ 为公约本部分的目的，发价、接受声明或任何其它意旨表示 "
送达 " 对方，系指用口头通知对方或通过任何其它方法送交对方本人，或
其营业地或通讯地址，如无营业地或通讯地址，则送交对方惯常居住地。
PART III
Sale of Goods
Chapter I
General Provisions
Article 25
A breach （ 违 背 ） of contract committed by one of the
parties is fundamental if it results in such detriment （损害） to
the other party as substantially （ 充 分 地 ） to deprive him of
what he is entitled to expect under the contract, unless the party
in breach did not foresee and a reasonable person of the same
kind in the same circumstances would not have foreseen such a
result. （ 一方当事人违反合同的结果，如使另一方当事人蒙受损害，以
致于实际上剥夺了他根据合同规定有权期待得到的东西，即为根本违反合
同，除非违反合同一方并不预知而且一个同等资格、通情达理的人处于相
同情况中也没有理由预知会发生这种结果。
Article 26
A declaration of avoidance of the contract is effective only if
made by notice to the other party. （ 宣告合同无效的声明，必须向
另一方当事人发出通知，方始有效
Article 27
Unless otherwise expressly provided in this Part of the
Convention, if any notice, request or other communication is
given or made by a party in accordance with this Part and by
means appropriate in the circumstances, a delay or error in the
transmission of the communication or its failure to arrive does
not deprive that party of the right to rely on the communication.
（ 除非公约本部分另有明文规定，当事人按照本部分的规定，以适合情
况的方法发出任何通知、要求或其它通知后，这种通知如在传递上发生耽
搁或错误，或者未能到达，并不使该当事人丧失依靠该项通知的权利。
Article 28
If, in accordance with the provisions of this Convention, one
party is entitled to require performance of any obligation by the
other party, a court is not bound to enter a judgement for
specific performance unless the court would do so under its own
law in respect of similar contracts of sale not governed by this
Convention. （ 如果按照本公约的规定，一方当事人有权要求另一方当
事人履行某一义务，法院没有义务做出判决，要求具体履行此一义务，除
非法院依照其本身的法律对不属本公约范围的类似销售合同愿意这样做。
Article 29
(1) A contract may be modified or terminated （终止） by the
mere agreement of the parties. （ 合同只需双方当事人协议，就可更
改或终止。
(2) A contract in writing which contains a provision requiring
any modification or termination by agreement to be in writing
may not be otherwise modified or terminated by agreement.
However, a party may be precluded by his conduct from asserting
such a provision to the extent that the other party has relied on
that conduct. （ 规定任何更改或根据协议终止必须以书面做出的书面
合同，不得以任何其它方式更改或根据协议终止。但是，一方当事人的行
为，如经另一方当事人寄以信赖，就不得坚持此项规定。
Chapter II
Obligations of the Seller
Article 30
The seller must deliver the goods, hand over any documents
relating to them and transfer the property in the goods, as
required by the contract and this Convention. （ 卖方必须按照合
同和本公约的规定，交付货物，移交一切与货物有关的单据并转移货物所
有权。
Section I. Delivery of the goods and handing over of
documents
Article 31
If the seller is not bound to deliver the goods at any other
particular place, his obligation to deliver consists: （ 如果卖方没
有义务要在任何其它特定地点交付货物，他的交货义务如下：
(a) if the contract of sale involves carriage of the goods - in
handing the goods over to the first carrier for transmission to the
buyer; （ 如果销售合同涉及到货物的运输，卖方应把货物移交给第一承
运人，以运交给买方；
(b) if, in cases not within the preceding subparagraph, the
contract related to specific goods, or unidentified goods to be
drawn from a specific stock or to be manufactured or produced,
and at the time of the conclusion （缔结） of the contract the
parties knew that the goods were at, or were to be manufactured
or produced at, a particular place - in placing the goods at the
buyer’s disposal at that place; （ 在不属于上款规定的情况下，如果
合同指的是特定货物或从特定存货中提取的或尚待制造或生产的未经特
定化的货物，而双方当事人在订立合同时已知道这些货物是在某一特定地
点，或将在某一特定地点制造或生产，卖方应在该地点把货物交给买方处
置；
(c) in other cases - in placing the goods at the buyer’s
disposal at the place where the seller had his place of business at
the time of the conclusion of the contract. 在其它情况下，卖方应在
他于订立合同时的营业地把货物交给买方处置。
Article 32
(1) If the seller, in accordance with the contract or this
Convention, hands the goods over to a carrier and if the goods
are not clearly identified to the contract by markings on the
goods, by shipping documents or otherwise, the seller must give
the buyer notice of the consignment specifying the goods. 如果卖
方按照合同或本公约的规定将货物交付给承运人，但货物没有以货物上加
标记、或以装运单据或其它方式清楚地注明有关合同，卖方必须向买方发
出列明货物的发货通知。
(2) If the seller is bound to arrange for carriage of the goods,
he must make such contracts as are necessary for carriage to the
place fixed by means of transportation appropriate in the
circumstances and according to the usual terms for such
transportation. 如果卖方有义务安排货物的运输，他必须订立必要的合
同，以按照通常运输条件，用适合情况的运输工具，把货物运到指定地点。
(3) If the seller is not bound to effect insurance in respect of
the carriage of the goods, he must, at the buyer’s request,
provide him with all available information necessary to enable
him to effect such insurance. 如果卖方没有义务对货物的运输办理保
险，他必须在买方提出要求时，向买方提供一切现有的必要资料，使他能
够办理这种保险。
Article 33
The seller must deliver the goods: 卖方必须按以下规定的日期交
付货物：
(a) if a date is fixed by or determinable from the contract, on
that date; 如果合同规定有日期，或从合同可以确定日期，应在该日期交
货；
(b) if a period of time is fixed by or determinable from the
contract, at any time within that period unless circumstances
indicate that the buyer is to choose a date; or 如果合同规定有一段
时间，或从合同可以确定一段时间，除非情况表明应由买方选定一个日期
外，应在该段时间内任何时候交货；或者
(c) in any other case, within a reasonable time after the
conclusion of the contract. 在其它情况下，应在订立合同后一段合理
时间内交货。
Article 34
If the seller is bound to hand over documents relating to the
goods, he must hand them over at the time and place and in the
form required by the contract. If the seller has handed over
documents before that time, he may, up to that time, cure any
lack of conformity in the documents, if the exercise of this right
does not cause the buyer unreasonable inconvenience or
unreasonable expense. However, the buyer retains any right to
claim damages as provided for in this Convention. 如果卖方有义务
移交与货物有关的单据，他必须按照合同所规定的时间、地点和方式移交
这些单据。如果卖方在那个时间以前已移交这些单据，他可以在那个时间
到达前纠正单据中任何不符合同规定的情形，但是，此一权利的行使不得
使买方遭受不合理的不便或承担不合理的开支。但是，买方保留本公约所
规定的要求损害赔偿的任何权利。
Section II. Conformity （一致） of the goods and third party
claims
Article 35
(1) The seller must deliver goods which are of the quantity,
quality and description required by the contract and which are
contained or packaged in the manner required by the contract.
卖方交付的货物必须与合同所规定的数量、质量和规格相符，并须按照合
同所规定的方式装箱或包装。
(2) Except where the parties have agreed otherwise, the goods
do not conform （符合） with the contract unless they: （ 除双方
当事人业已另有协议外，货物除非符合以下规定，否则即为与合同不符：
(a) are fit for the purposes for which goods of the same
description would ordinarily be used; （ 货物适用于同一规格货物
通常使用的目的；
(b) are fit for any particular purpose expressly or impliedly
（ 隐 含 的 ） made known to the seller at the time of the
conclusion of the contract, except where the circumstances show
that the buyer did not rely, or that it was unreasonable for him to
rely, on the seller’s skill and judgement; 货物适用于订立合同时曾
明示或默示地通知卖方的任何特定目的，除非情况表明买方并不依赖卖方
的技能和判断力，或者这种依赖对他是不合理的；
(c) possess （占有） the qualities of goods which the seller
has held out to the buyer as a sample or model; 货物的质量与卖方
向买方提供的货物样品或样式相同；
(d) are contained or packaged in the manner usual for such
goods or, where there is no such manner, in a manner adequate
to preserve and protect the goods. 货物按照同类货物通用的方式装
箱或包装，如果没有此种通用方式，则按照足以保全和保护货物的方式装
箱或包装。
(3) The seller is not liable under subparagraphs (a) to (d) of
the preceding paragraph for any lack of conformity of the goods
if at the time of the conclusion of the contract the buyer knew or
could not have been unaware of such lack of conformity. 如果买
方在订立合同时知道或者不可能不知道货物不符合同，卖方就无须按上一
款（ａ）项至（ｄ）项负有此种不符合同的责任。
Article 36
(1) The seller is liable in accordance with the contract and this
Convention for any lack of conformity which exists at the time
when the risk passes to the buyer, even though the lack of
conformity becomes apparent only after that time. 卖方应按照合
同和本公约的规定，对风险移转到买方时所存在的任何不符合同情形，负
有责任，即使这种不符合同情形在该时间后方始明显。
(2) The seller is also liable for any lack of conformity which
occurs after the time indicated in the preceding paragraph and
which is due to a breach of any of his obligations, including a
breach of any guarantee that for a period of time the goods will
remain fit for their ordinary purpose or for some particular
purpose or will retain specified qualities or characteristics. 卖方对
在上一款所述时间后发生的任何不符合同情形，也应负有责任，如果这种
不符合同情形是由于卖方违反他的某项义务所致，包括违反关于在一段时
间内货物将继续适用于其通常使用的目的或某种特定目的，或将保持某种
特定质量或性质的任何保证 .
Article 37
If the seller has delivered goods before the date for delivery,
he may, up to that date, deliver any missing part or make up any
deficiency in the quantity of the goods delivered, or deliver
goods in replacement of any non-conforming goods delivered or
remedy any lack of conformity in the goods delivered, provided
that the exercise of this right does not cause the buyer
unreasonable inconvenience or unreasonable expense. However,
the buyer retains any right to claim damages as provided for in
this Convention. 如果卖方在交货日期前交付货物，他可以在那个日期
到达前，交付任何缺漏部分或补足所交付货物的不足数量，或交付用以替
换所交付不符合同规定的货物，或对所交付货物中任何不符合同规定的情
形做出补救，但是，此一权利的行使不得使买方遭受不合理的不便或承担
不合理的开支。但是，买方保留本公约所规定的要求损害赔偿的任何权利。
Article 38
(1) The buyer must examine the goods, or cause them to be
examined, within as short a period as is practicable in the
circumstances. 买方必须在按情况实际可行的最短时间内检验货物
或由他人检验货物。
(2) If the contract involves carriage of the goods, examination
may be deferred until after the goods have arrived at their
destination. 如果合同涉及到货物的运输，检验可推迟到货物到达目的地
后进行。
(3) If the goods are redirected in transit or redispatched by the
buyer without a reasonable opportunity for examination by him
and at the time of the conclusion of the contract the seller knew
or ought to have known of the possibility of such redirection or
redispatch, examination may be deferred until after the goods
have arrived at the new destination. 如果货物在运输途中改运或买方
须再发运货物，没有合理机会加以检验，而卖方在订立合同时已知道或理
应知道这种改运或再发运的可能性，检验可推迟到货物到达新目的地后进
行 .
Article 39
(1) The buyer loses the right to rely on a lack of conformity of
the goods if he does not give notice to the seller specifying the
nature of the lack of conformity within a reasonable time after he
has discovered it or ought to have discovered it. 买方对货物不符合
同，必须在发现或理应发现不符情形后一段合理时间内通知卖方，说明不
符合同情形的性质，否则就丧失声称货物不符合同的权利。
(2) In any event, the buyer loses the right to rely on a lack of
conformity of the goods if he does not give the seller notice
thereof at the latest within a period of two years from the date on
which the goods were actually handed over to the buyer, unless
this time-limit is inconsistent with a contractual period of
guarantee. 无论如何，如果买方不在实际收到货物之日起两年内将货物
不符合同情形通知卖方，他就丧失声称货物不符合同的权利，除非这一时
限与合同规定的保证期限不符。
Article 40
The seller is not entitled to rely on the provisions of articles
38 and 39 if the lack of conformity relates to facts of which he
knew or could not have been unaware and which he did not
disclose to the buyer. 如果货物不符合同规定指的是卖方已知道或不
可能不知道而又没有告知买方的一些事实，则卖方无权援引第三十八条和
第三十九条的规定。
Article 41
The seller must deliver goods which are free from any right or
claim of a third party, unless the buyer agreed to take the goods
subject to that right or claim. However, if such right or claim is
based on industrial property or other intellectual property, the
seller’s obligation is governed by article 42. 卖方所交付的货物，必
须是第三方不能提出任何权利或要求的货物，除非买方同意在这种权利或
要求的条件下，收取货物。但是，如果这种权利或要求是以工业产权或其
它知识产权为基础的，卖方的义务应依照第四十二条的规定。
Article 42
(1) The seller must deliver goods which are free from any right
or claim of a third party based on industrial property or other
intellectual property, of which at the time of the conclusion of
the contract the seller knew or could not have been unaware,
provided that the right or claim is based on industrial property or
other intellectual property: 卖方所交付的货物，必须是第三方不能根
据工业产权或其它知识产权主张任何权利或要求的货物，但以卖方在订立
合同时已知道或不可能不知道的权利或要求为限，而且这种权利或要求根
据以下国家的法律规定是以工业产权或其它知识产权为基础的：
(a) under the law of the State where the goods will be resold
or otherwise used, if it was contemplated by the parties at the
time of the conclusion of the contract that the goods would be
resold or otherwise used in that State; or 如果双方当事人在订立合
同时预期货物将在某一国境内转售或做其它使用，则根据货物将在其境内
转售或做其它使用的国家的法律；或者
(b) in any other case, under the law of the State where the
buyer has his place of business. 在任何其它情况下，根据买方营业地
所在国家的法律。
(2) The obligation of the seller under the preceding paragraph
does not extend to cases where: 卖方在上一款中的义务不适用于以
下情况：
(a) at the time of the conclusion of the contract the buyer
knew or could not have been unaware of the right or claim; or 买
方在订立合同时已知道或不可能不知道此项权利或要求；或者 (b) the
right or claim results from the seller’s compliance with technical
drawings, designs, formulae or other such specifications
furnished by the buyer. 此项权利或要求的发生，是由于卖方要遵照买
方所提供的技术图样、图案、程式或其它规格。
Article 43
(1) The buyer loses the right to rely on the provisions of
article 41 or Article 42 if he does not give notice to the seller
specifying the nature of the right or claim of the third party
within a reasonable time after he has become aware or ought to
have become aware of the right or claim. 买方如果不在已知道或理
应知道第三方的权利或要求后一段合理时间内，将此一权利或要求的性质
通知卖方，就丧失援引第四十一条或第四十二条规定的权利。
(2) The seller is not entitled to rely on the provisions of the
preceding paragraph if he knew of the right or claim of the third
party and the nature of it. 卖方如果知道第三方的权利或要求以及此
一权利或要求的性质，就无权援引上一款的规定。
Article 44
Notwithstanding the provisions of paragraph (1) of article 39
and paragraph (1) of article 43, the buyer may reduce the price in
accordance with Article 50 or claim damages, except for loss of
profit, if he has a reasonable excuse for his failure to give the
required notice. 尽管有第三十九条第（１）款和第四十三条第（１）款
的规定，买方如果对他未发出所需的通知具备合理的理由，仍可按照第五
十条规定减低价格，或要求利润损失以外的损害赔偿。
Section III. Remedies for breach of contract by the seller
Article 45
(1) If the seller fails to perform any of his obligations under
the contract or this Convention, the buyer may: 如果卖方不履行他
在合同和本公约中的任何义务，买方可以：
(a) exercise the rights provided in articles 46 to 52; 行使第四十
六条至第五十二条所规定的权利；
(b) claim damages as provided in articles 74 to 77. 按照第七十
四条至第七十七条的规定，要求损害赔偿。
(2) The buyer is not deprived of any right he may have to
claim damages by exercising his right to other remedies. 买方可
能享有的要求损害赔偿的任何权利，不因他行使采取其它补救办法的权利
而丧失。
(3) No period of grace may be granted to the seller by a court
or arbitral tribunal when the buyer resorts to a remedy for breach
of contract. 如果买方对违反合同采取某种补救办法，法院或仲裁庭不得
给予卖方宽限期。
Article 46
(1) The buyer may require performance by the seller of his
obligations unless the buyer has resorted to a remedy which is
inconsistent with this requirement. 买方可以要求卖方履行义务，除
非买方已采取与此一要求相抵触的某种补救办法。
(2) If the goods do not conform with the contract, the buyer
may require delivery of substitute goods only if the lack of
conformity constitutes a fundamental breach of contract and a
request for substitute goods is made either in conjunction with
notice given under article 39 or within a reasonable time
thereafter. 如果货物不符合同，买方只有在此种不符合同情形构成根本
违反合同时，才可以要求交付替代货物，而且关于替代货物的要求，必须
与依照第三十九条发出的通知同时提出，或者在该项通知发出后一段合理
时间内提出。
(3) If the goods do not conform with the contract, the buyer
may require the seller to remedy the lack of conformity by repair,
unless this is unreasonable having regard to all the
circumstances. A request for repair must be made either in
conjunction with notice given under article 39 or within a
reasonable time thereafter. 如果货物不符合同，买方可以要求卖方通
过修理对不符合同之处做出补救，除非他考虑了所有情况之后，认为这样
做是不合理的。修理的要求必须与依照第三十九条发出的通知同时提出，
或者在该项通知发出后一段合理时间内提出。
Article 47
(1) The buyer may fix an additional period of time of
reasonable length for performance by the seller of his obligations.
买方可以规定一段合理时限的额外时间，让卖方履行其义务。
(2) Unless the buyer has received notice from the seller that
he will not perform within the period so fixed, the buyer may not,
during that period, resort to any remedy for breach of contract.
However, the buyer is not deprived thereby of any right he may
have to claim damages for delay in performance. 除非买方收到卖
方的通知，声称他将不在所规定的时间内履行义务，买方在这段时间内不
得对违反合同采取任何补救办法。但是，买方并不因此丧失他对迟延履行
义务可能享有的要求损害赔偿的任何权利。
Article 48
(1) Subject to article 49, the seller may, even after the date for
delivery, remedy at his own expense any failure to perform his
obligations, if he can do so without unreasonable delay and
without causing the buyer unreasonable inconvenience or
uncertainty of reimbursement by the seller of expenses advanced
by the buyer. However, the buyer retains any right to claim
damages as provided for in this Convention. 在第四十九条的条件
下，卖方即使在交货日期之后，仍可自付费用，对任何不履行义务做出补
救，但这种补救不得造成不合理的迟延，也不得使买方遭受不合理的不便，
或无法确定卖方是否将偿付买方预付的费用。但是，买方保留本公约所规
定的要求损害赔偿的任何权利。
(2) If the seller requests the buyer to make known whether he
will accept performance and the buyer does not comply with the
request within a reasonable time, the seller may perform within
the time indicated in his request. The buyer may not, during that
period of time, resort to any remedy which is inconsistent with
performance by the seller. 如果卖方要求买方表明他是否接受卖方履
行义务，而买方不在一段合理时间内对此一要求做出答复，则卖方可以按
其要求中所指明的时间履行义务。买方不得在该段时间内采取与卖方履行
义务相抵触的任何补救办法。
(3) A notice by the seller that he will perform within a
specified period of time is assumed to include a request, under
the preceding paragraph, that the buyer make known his
decision. 卖方表明他将在某一特定时间内履行义务的通知，应视为包括
根据上一款规定要买方表明决定的要求在内。
(4) A request or notice by the seller under paragraph (2) or (3)
of this Article is not effective unless received by the buyer. 卖方
按照本条第（２）和第（３）款做出的要求或通知，必须在买方收到后，
始生效力。
Article 49
(1) The buyer may declare the contract avoided: 买方在以下情
况下可以宣告合同无效：
(a) if the failure by the seller to perform any of his obligations
under the contract or this Convention amounts to a fundamental
breach of contract; or 卖方不履行其在合同或本公约中的任何义务，等
于根本违反合同；或
(b) in case of non-delivery, if the seller does not deliver the
goods within the additional period of time fixed by the buyer in
accordance with paragraph (1) of article 47 or declares that he
will not deliver within the period so fixed. 如果发生不交货的情况，
卖方不在买方按照第四十七条第（１）款规定的额外时间内交付货物，或
卖方声明他将不在所规定的时间内交付货物。
(2) However, in cases where the seller has delivered the goods,
the buyer loses the right to declare the contract avoided unless
he does so: 但是，如果卖方已交付货物，买方就丧失宣告合同无效的权
利，除非：
(a) in respect of late delivery, within a reasonable time after he
has become aware that delivery has been made; 对于迟延交货，他
在知道交货后一段合理时间内这样做；
(b) in respect of any breach other than late delivery, within a
reasonable time: 对于迟延交货以外的任何违反合同事情： (i) after
he knew or ought to have known of the breach; 他在已知道或理应
知 道 这 种 违 反 合 同 后 一 段 合 理 时 间 内 这 样 做 ； 或 (ii) after the
expiration of any additional period of time fixed by the buyer in
accordance with paragraph (1) of article 47, or after the seller has
declared that he will not perform his obligations within such an
additional period; or 他在买方按照第四十七条第（１）款规定的任何额
外时间满期后，或在卖方声明他将不在这一额外时间履行义务后一段合理
时间内这样做；或 (iii) after the expiration of any additional period
of time indicated by the seller in accordance with paragraph (2)
of article 48, or after the buyer has declared that he will not
accept performance. 他在卖方按照第四十八条第（２）款指明的任何额
外时间满期后，或在买方声明他将不接受卖方履行义务后一段合理时间内
这样做 .
Article 50
If the goods do not conform with the contract and whether or
not the price has already been paid, the buyer may reduce the
price in the same proportion as the value that the goods actually
delivered had at the time of the delivery bears to the value that
conforming goods would have had at that time. However, if the
seller remedies any failure to perform his obligations in
accordance with article 37 or article 48 or if the buyer refuses to
accept performance by the seller in accordance with those
Articles, the buyer may not reduce the price. 如果货物不符合同，不
论价款是否已付，买方都可以减低价格，减价按实际交付的货物在交货时
的价值与符合合同的货物在当时的价值两者之间的比例计算。但是，如果
卖方按照第三十七条或第四十八条的规定对任何不履行义务做出补救，或
者买方拒绝接受卖方按照该两条规定履行义务，则买方不得减低价格。
Article 51
(1) If the seller delivers only a part of the goods or if only a
part of the goods delivered is in conformity with the contract,
articles 46 to 50 apply in respect of the part which is missing or
which does not conform. 如果卖方只交付一部分货物，或者交付的货
物中只有一部分符合合同规定，第四十六条至第五十条的规定适用于缺漏
部分及不符合同规定部分的货物。
(2) The buyer may declare the contract avoided in its entirety
only if the failure to make delivery completely or in conformity
with the contract amounts to a fundamental breach of the
contract. 买方只有在完全不交付货物或不按照合同规定交付货物等于根
本违反合同时，才可以宣告整个合同无效。
Article 52
(1) If the seller delivers the goods before the date fixed, the
buyer may take delivery or refuse to take delivery. 如果卖方在规定
的日期前交付货物，买方可以收取货物，也可以拒绝收取货物。
(2) If the seller delivers a quantity of goods greater than that
provided for in the contract, the buyer may take delivery or
refuse to take delivery of the excess quantity. If the buyer takes
delivery of all or part of the excess quantity, he must pay for it at
the contract rate. 如果卖方交付的货物数量大于合同规定的数量，买方
可以收取也可以拒绝收取多交部分的货物。如果买方收取多交部分货物的
全部或一部分，他必须按合同价格付款。
Chapter III
Obligations of the Buyer
Article 53
The buyer must pay the price for the goods and take delivery
of them as required by the contract and this Convention. 买方必
须按照合同和本公约规定支付货物价款和收取货物。
Section I. Payment of the price
Article 54
The buyer’s obligation to pay the price includes taking such
steps and complying with such formalities as may be required
under the contract or any laws and regulations to enable
payment to be made. 买方支付价款的义务包括根据合同或任何有关法
律和规章规定的步骤和手续，以便支付价款。
Article 55
Where a contract has been validly concluded but does not
expressly or implicitly fix or make provision for determining the
price, the parties are considered, in the absence of any indication
to the contrary, to have impliedly made reference to the price
generally charged at the time of the conclusion of the contract
for such goods sold under comparable circumstances in the
trade concerned. 如果合同已有效的订立，但没有明示或暗示地规定价
格或规定如何确定价格，在没有任何相反表示的情况下，双方当事人应视
为已默示地引用订立合同时此种货物在有关贸易的类似情况下销售的通
常价格。
Article 56
If the price is fixed according to the weight of the goods, in
case of doubt it is to be determined by the net weight. 如果价格
是按货物的重量规定的，如有疑问，应按净重确定。
Article 57
(1) If the buyer is not bound to pay the price at any other
particular place, he must pay it to the seller: 如果买方没有义务在
任何其它特定地点支付价款，他必须在以下地点向卖方支付价款：
(a) at the seller’s place of business; or 卖方的营业地；或者
(b) if the payment is to be made against the handing over of
the goods or of documents, at the place where the handing over
takes place. 如凭移交货物或单据支付价款，则为移交货物或单据的地点。
(2) The seller must bear any increases in the expenses
incidental to payment which is caused by a change in his place of
business subsequent to the conclusion of the contract. 卖方必须
承担因其营业地在订立合同后发生变动而增加的支付方面的有关费用。
Article 58
(1) If the buyer is not bound to pay the price at any other
specific time, he must pay it when the seller places either the
goods or documents controlling their disposition at the buyer’s
disposal in accordance with the contract and this Convention.
The seller may make such payment a condition for handing over
the goods or documents. 如果买方没有义务在任何其它特定时间内支
付价款，他必须于卖方按照合同和本公约规定将货物或控制货物处置权的
单据交给买方处置时支付价款。卖方可以支付价款作为移交货物或单据的
条件。
(2) If the contract involves carriage of the goods, the seller
may dispatch the goods on terms whereby the goods, or
documents
controlling their disposition, will not be handed over to the
buyer except against payment of the price. 如果合同涉及到货物的
运输，卖方可以在支付价款后方可把货物或控制货物处置权的单据移交给
买方作为发运货物的条件 .
(3) The buyer is not bound to pay the price until he has had
an opportunity to examine the goods, unless the procedures for
delivery or payment agreed upon by the parties are inconsistent
with his having such an opportunity. 买方在未有机会检验货物前，无
义务支付价款，除非这种机会与双方当事人议定的交货或支付程序相抵触。
Article 59
The buyer must pay the price on the date fixed by or
determinable from the contract and this Convention without the
need forany request or compliance with any formality on the part
of the seller. 买方必须按合同和本公约规定的日期或从合同和本公约可
以确定的日期支付价款，而无需卖方提出任何要求或办理任何手续。
Section II. Taking delivery
Article 60
The buyer’s obligation to take delivery consists:
(a) in doing all the acts which could reasonably be expected of
him in order to enable the seller to make delivery; and
(b) in taking over the goods. 买方收取货物的义务如下： 采取一
切理应采取的行动，以期卖方能交付货物；和接收货物。
Section III. Remedies for breach of contract by the buyer
Article 61
(1) If the buyer fails to perform any of his obligations under
the contract or this Convention, the seller may:
(a) exercise the rights provided in articles 62 to 65;
(b) claim damages as provided in articles 74 to 77. （１）如果
买方不履行他在合同和本公约中的任何义务，卖方可以：（ａ）行使第六
十二条至第六十五条所规定的权利；（ｂ）按照第七十四至第七十七条的
规定，要求损害赔偿。 (2) The seller is not deprived of any right he
may have to claim damages by exercising his right to other
remedies. 卖方可能享有的要求损害赔偿的任何权利，不因他行使采取其
它补救办法的权利而丧失。
(3) No period of grace may be granted to the buyer by a court
or arbitral tribunal when the seller resorts to a remedy for breach
of contract. 如果卖方对违反合同采取某种补救办法，法院或仲裁庭不得
给予买方宽限期。
Article 62
The seller may require the buyer to pay the price, take
delivery or perform his other obligations, unless the seller has
resorted to a remedy which is inconsistent with this requirement.
第六十二条 卖方可以要求买方支付价款、收取货物或履行他的其它义务，
除非卖方已采取与此一要求相低触的某种补救办法。
Article 63
(1) The seller may fix an additional period of time of
reasonable length for performance by the buyer of his
obligations. 卖方可以规定一段合理时限的额外时间，让买方履行义务。
(2) Unless the seller has received notice from the buyer that
he will not perform within the period so fixed, the seller may not,
during that period, resort to any remedy for breach of contract.
However, the seller is not deprived thereby of any right he may
have to claim damages for delay in performance. 除非卖方收到买
方的通知，声称他将不在所规定的时间内履行义务，卖方不得在这段时间
内对违反合同采取任何补救办法。但是，卖方并不因此丧失他对迟延履行
义务可能享有的要求损害赔偿的任何权利。
Article 64
(1) The seller may declare the contract avoided: 卖方在以下情
况下可以宣告合同无效：
(a) if the failure by the buyer to perform any of his obligations
under the contract or this Convention amounts to a fundamental
breach of contract; or 买方不履行其在合同或本公约中的任何义务，等
于根本违反合同；或
(b) if the buyer does not, within the additional period of time
fixed by the seller in accordance with paragraph (1) of article 63,
perform his obligation to pay the price or take delivery of the
goods, or if he declares that he will not do so within the period
so fixed. 买方不在卖方按照第六十三条第（１）款规定的额外时间内履
行支付价款的义务或收取货物，或买方声明他将不在所规定的时间内这样
做。
(2) However, in cases where the buyer has paid the price, the
seller loses the right to declare the contract avoided unless he
does so: 但是，如果买方已支付价款，卖方就丧失宣告合同无效的权利，
除非：
(a) in respect of late performance by the buyer, before the
seller has become aware that performance has been rendered; or
对于买方迟延履行义务，他在知道买方履行义务前这样做；或者 (b) in
respect of any breach other than late performance by the buyer,
within a reasonable time: 对于买方迟延履行义务以外的任何违反合同
事情：
(i) after the seller knew or ought to have known of the breach;
or 他在已知道或理应知道这种违反合同后一段合理时间内这样做；或 (ii)
after the expiration of any additional period of time fixed by the
seller in accordance with paragraph (1) or article 63, or after the
buyer has declared that he will not perform his obligations within
such an additional period. 他在卖方按照第六十三条第（１）款规定的
任何额外时间满期后或在买方声明他将不在这一额外时间内履行义务后
一段合理时间内这样做。
Article 65
(1) If under the contract the buyer is to specify the form,
measurement or other features of the goods and he fails to make
such specification either on the date agreed upon or within a
reasonable time after receipt of a request from the seller, the
seller may, without prejudice to any other rights he may have,
make the specification himself in accordance with the
requirements of the buyer that may be known to him. 如果买方应
根据合同规定订明货物的形状、大小或其它特征，而他在议定的日期或在
收到卖方的要求后一段合理时间内没有订明这些规格，则卖方在不损害其
可能享有的任何其它权利的情况下，可以依照他所知的买方的要求，自己
订明规格。
(2) If the seller makes the specification himself, he must
inform the buyer of the details thereof and must fix a reasonable
time within which the buyer may make a different specification. If,
after receipt of such a communication, the buyer fails to do so
within the time so fixed, the specification made by the seller is
binding. 如果卖方自己订明规格，他必须把订明规格的细节通知买方，
而且必须规定一段合理时间，让买方可以在该段时间内订出不同的规格。
如果买方在收到这种通知后没有在该段时间内这样做，卖方所订的规格就
具有约束力。
Chapter IV
Passing of Risk
Article 66
Loss of or damage to the goods after the risk has passed to
the buyer does not discharge him from his obligation to pay the
price, unless the loss or damage is due to an act or omission of
the seller. 如果卖方自己订明规格，他必须把订明规格的细节通知买方，
而且必须规定一段合理时间，让买方可以在该段时间内订出不同的规格。
如果买方在收到这种通知后没有在该段时间内这样做，卖方所订的规格就
具有约束力。
Article 67
(1) If the contract of sale involves carriage of the goods and
the seller is not bound to hand them over at a particular place,
the risk passes to the buyer when the goods are handed over to
the first carrier for transmission to the buyer in accordance with
the contract of sale. If the seller is bound to hand the goods over
to a carrier at a particular place, the risk does not pass to the
buyer until the goods are handed over to the carrier at that place.
The fact that the seller is authorized to retain documents
controlling the disposition of the goods does not affect the
passage of the risk. 如果销售合同涉及到货物的运输，但卖方没有义务
在某一特定地点交付货物，自货物按照销售合同交付给第一承运人以转交
给买方时起，风险就移转到买方承担。如果卖方有义务在某一特定地点把
货物交付给承运人，在货物于该地点交付给承运人以前，风险不移转到买
方承担。卖方受权保留控制货物处置权的单据，并不影响风险的移转。
(2) Nevertheless, the risk does not pass to the buyer until the
goods are clearly identified to the contract, whether by markings
on the goods, by shipping documents, by notice given to the
buyer or otherwise. 但是，在货物以货物上加标记、或以装运单据、或
向买方发出通知或其它方式清楚地注明有关合同以前，风险不移转到买方
承担。
Article 68
The risk in respect of goods sold in transit passes to the
buyer from the time of the conclusion of the contract. However, if
the circumstances so indicate, the risk is assumed by the buyer
from the time the goods were handed over to the carrier who
issued the documents embodying the contract of carriage.
Nevertheless, if at the time of the conclusion of the contract of
sale the seller knew or ought to have known that the goods had
been lost or damaged and did not disclose this to the buyer, the
loss or damage is at the risk of the seller. 对于在运输途中销售的货
物，从订立合同时起，风险就移转到买方承担。但是，如果情况表明有此
需要，从货物交付给签发载有运输合同单据的承运人时起，风险就由买方
承担。尽管如此，如果卖方在订立合同时已知道或理应知道货物已经遗失
或损坏，而他又不将这一事实告之买方，则这种遗失或损坏应由卖方负责。
Article 69
(1) In cases not within articles 67 and 68, the risk passes to
the buyer when he takes over the goods or, if he does not do so
in due time, from the time when the goods are placed at his
disposal and he commits a breach of contract by failing to take
delivery. 在不属于第六十七条和第六十八条规定的情况下，从买方接收
货物时起，或如果买方不在适当时间内这样做，则从货物交给他处置但他
不收取货物从而违反合同时起，风险移转到买方承担。
(2) However, if the buyer is bound to take over the goods at a
place other than a place of business of the seller, the risk passes
when delivery is due and the buyer is aware of the fact that the
goods are placed at his disposal at that place. 但是，如果买方有义
务在卖方营业地以外的某一地点接收货物，当交货时间已到而买方知道货
物已在该地点交给他处置时，风险方始移转。
(3) If the contract relates to goods not then identified, the
goods are considered not to be placed at the disposal of the
buyer until they are clearly identified to the contract. 如果合同指
的是当时未加识别的货物，则这些货物在未清楚注明有关合同以前，不得
视为已交给买方处置。
Article 70
If the seller has committed a fundamental breach of contract,
articles 67, 68 and 69 do not impair the remedies available to the
buyer on account of the breach. 如果卖方已根本违反合同，第六十七
条、第六十八条和第六十九条的规定，不损害买方因此种违反合同而可以
采取的各种补救办法。
Chapter IV
Passing of Risk
Article 66
Loss of or damage to the goods after the risk has passed to
the buyer does not discharge him from his obligation to pay the
price, unless the loss or damage is due to an act or omission of
the seller. 如果卖方自己订明规格，他必须把订明规格的细节通知买方，
而且必须规定一段合理时间，让买方可以在该段时间内订出不同的规格。
如果买方在收到这种通知后没有在该段时间内这样做，卖方所订的规格就
具有约束力。
Article 67
(1) If the contract of sale involves carriage of the goods and
the seller is not bound to hand them over at a particular place,
the risk passes to the buyer when the goods are handed over to
the first carrier for transmission to the buyer in accordance with
the contract of sale. If the seller is bound to hand the goods over
to a carrier at a particular place, the risk does not pass to the
buyer until the goods are handed over to the carrier at that place.
The fact that the seller is authorized to retain documents
controlling the disposition of the goods does not affect the
passage of the risk. 如果销售合同涉及到货物的运输，但卖方没有义务
在某一特定地点交付货物，自货物按照销售合同交付给第一承运人以转交
给买方时起，风险就移转到买方承担。如果卖方有义务在某一特定地点把
货物交付给承运人，在货物于该地点交付给承运人以前，风险不移转到买
方承担。卖方受权保留控制货物处置权的单据，并不影响风险的移转。
(2) Nevertheless, the risk does not pass to the buyer until the
goods are clearly identified to the contract, whether by markings
on the goods, by shipping documents, by notice given to the
buyer or otherwise. 但是，在货物以货物上加标记、或以装运单据、或
向买方发出通知或其它方式清楚地注明有关合同以前，风险不移转到买方
承担。
Article 68
The risk in respect of goods sold in transit passes to the
buyer from the time of the conclusion of the contract. However, if
the circumstances so indicate, the risk is assumed by the buyer
from the time the goods were handed over to the carrier who
issued the documents embodying the contract of carriage.
Nevertheless, if at the time of the conclusion of the contract of
sale the seller knew or ought to have known that the goods had
been lost or damaged and did not disclose this to the buyer, the
loss or damage is at the risk of the seller. 对于在运输途中销售的货
物，从订立合同时起，风险就移转到买方承担。但是，如果情况表明有此
需要，从货物交付给签发载有运输合同单据的承运人时起，风险就由买方
承担。尽管如此，如果卖方在订立合同时已知道或理应知道货物已经遗失
或损坏，而他又不将这一事实告之买方，则这种遗失或损坏应由卖方负责。
Article 69
(1) In cases not within articles 67 and 68, the risk passes to
the buyer when he takes over the goods or, if he does not do so
in due time, from the time when the goods are placed at his
disposal and he commits a breach of contract by failing to take
delivery. 在不属于第六十七条和第六十八条规定的情况下，从买方接收
货物时起，或如果买方不在适当时间内这样做，则从货物交给他处置但他
不收取货物从而违反合同时起，风险移转到买方承担。
(2) However, if the buyer is bound to take over the goods at a
place other than a place of business of the seller, the risk passes
when delivery is due and the buyer is aware of the fact that the
goods are placed at his disposal at that place. 但是，如果买方有义
务在卖方营业地以外的某一地点接收货物，当交货时间已到而买方知道货
物已在该地点交给他处置时，风险方始移转。
(3) If the contract relates to goods not then identified, the
goods are considered not to be placed at the disposal of the
buyer until they are clearly identified to the contract. 如果合同指
的是当时未加识别的货物，则这些货物在未清楚注明有关合同以前，不得
视为已交给买方处置。
Article 70
If the seller has committed a fundamental breach of contract,
articles 67, 68 and 69 do not impair the remedies available to the
buyer on account of the breach. 如果卖方已根本违反合同，第六十七
条、第六十八条和第六十九条的规定，不损害买方因此种违反合同而可以
采取的各种补救办法。
Chapter V
Provisions Common to the Obligations of the Seller and of the
Buyer
Section I. Anticipatory breach and instalment contracts
Article 71
(1) A party may suspend the performance of his obligations if,
after the conclusion of the contract, it becomes apparent that the
other party will not perform a substantial part of his obligations
as a result of: 如果订立合同后，另一方当事人由于下列原因显然将不履
行其大部分重要义务，一方当事人可以中止履行义务：
(a) a serious deficiency in his ability to perform or in his
creditworthiness; or 他履行义务的能力或他的信用有严重缺陷；或 (b)
his conduct in preparing to perform or in performing the contract.
他在准备履行合同或履行合同中的行为。
(2) If the seller has already dispatched the goods before the
grounds described in the preceding paragraph become evident,
he may prevent the handing over of the goods to the buyer even
though the buyer holds a document which entitles him to obtain
them. The present paragraph relates only to the rights in the
goods as between the buyer and the seller. 如果卖方在上一款所述
的理由明显化以前已将货物发运，他可以阻止将货物交给买方，即使买方
持有其有权获得货物的单据。本款规定只与买方和卖方间对货物的权利有
关。
(3) A party suspending performance, whether before or after
dispatch of the goods, must immediately give notice of the
suspension to the other party and must continue with
performance if the other party provides adequate assurance of
his performance. 中止履行义务的一方当事人不论是在货物发运前还是
发运后，都必须立即通知另一方当事人，如经另一方当事人对履行义务提
供充分保证，则他必须继续履行义务。
Article 72
(1) If prior to the date for performance of the contract it is
clear that one of the parties will commit a fundamental breach of
contract, the other party may declare the contract avoided. 如果
在履行合同日期之前，明显看出一方当事人将根本违反合同，另一方当事
人可以宣告合同无效。
(2) If time allows, the party intending to declare the contract
avoided must give reasonable notice to the other party in order
to permit him to provide adequate assurance of his performance.
如果时间许可，打算宣告合同无效的一方当事人必须向另一方当事人发出
合理的通知，使他可以对履行义务提供充分保证。
(3) The requirements of the preceding paragraph do not apply
if the other party has declared that he will not perform his
obligations. 如果另一方当事人已声明他将不履行其义务，则上一款
的规定不适用。
Article 73
(1) In the case of a contract for delivery of goods by
instalments, if the failure of one party to perform any of his
obligations in respect of any instalment constitutes a
fundamental breach of contract with respect to that instalment,
the other party may declare the contract avoided with respect to
that instalment. 对于分批交付货物的合同，如果一方当事人不履行对任
何一批货物的义务，便对该批货物构成根本违反合同，则另一方当事人可
以宣告合同对该批货物无效。
(2) If one party’s failure to perform any of his obligations in
respect of any instalment gives the other party good grounds to
conclude that a fundamental breach of contract will occur with
respect to future instalments, he may declare the contract
avoided for the future, provided that he does so within a
reasonable time. 如果一方当事人不履行对任何一批货物的义务，使另
一方当事人有充分理由断定对今后各批货物将会发生根本违反合同，该另
一方当事人可以在一段合理时间内宣告合同今后无效。
(3) A buyer who declares the contract avoided in respect of
any delivery may, at the same time, declare it avoided in respect
of deliveries already made or of future deliveries if, by reason of
their interdependence, those deliveries could not be used for the
purpose contemplated by the parties at the time of the
conclusion of the contract. 买方宣告合同对任何一批货物的交付为无
效时，可以同时宣告合同对已交付的或今后交付的各批货物均为无效，如
果各批货物是互相依存的，不能单独用于双方当事人在订立合同时所设想
的目的。
Section II. Damages
Article 74
Damages for breach of contract by one party consist of a sum
equal to the loss, including loss of profit, suffered by the other
party as a consequence of the breach. Such damages may not
exceed the loss which the party in breach foresaw or ought to
have foreseen at the time of the conclusion of the contract, in the
light of the facts and matters of which he then knew or ought to
have known, as a possible consequence of the breach of contract.
一方当事人违反合同应负的损害赔偿额，应与另一方当事人因他违反合同
而遭受的包括利润在内的损失额相等。这种损害赔偿不得超过违反合同一
方在订立合同时，依照他当时已知道或理应知道的事实和情况，对违反合
同预料到或理应预料到的可能损失。
Article 75
If the contract is avoided and if, in a reasonable manner and
within a reasonable time after avoidance, the buyer has bought
goods in replacement or the seller has resold the goods, the
party claiming damages may recover the difference between the
contract price and the price in the substitute transaction as well
as any further damages recoverable under article 74. 如果合同被
宣告无效，而在宣告无效后一段合理时间内，买方已以合理方式购买替代
货物，或者卖方已以合理方式把货物转卖，则要求损害赔偿的一方可以取
得合同价格和替代货物交易价格之间的差额以及按照第七十四条规定可
以取得的任何其他损害赔偿。
Article 76
(1) If the contract is avoided and there is a current price for
the goods, the party claiming damages may, if he has not made a
purchase or resale under article 75, recover the difference
between the price fixed by the contract and the current price at
the time of avoidance as well as any further damages recoverable
under article 74. If, however, the party claiming damages has
avoided the contract after taking over the goods, the current
price at the time of such taking over shall be applied instead of
the current price at the time of avoidance. 如果合同被宣告无效，而
货物又有时价，要求损害赔偿的一方，如果没有根据第七十五条规定进行
购买或转卖，则可以取得合同规定的价格和宣告合同无效时的时价之间的
差额以及按照第七十四条规定可以取得的任何其它损害赔偿。但是，如果
要求损害赔偿的一方在接收货物之后宣告合同无效，则应适用接收货物时
的时价，而不适用宣告合同无效时的时价。
(2) For the purposes of the preceding paragraph, the current
price is the price prevailing at the place where delivery of the
goods should have been made or, if there is no current price at
that place, the price at such other place as serves as a reasonable
substitute, making due allowance for differences in the cost of
transporting the goods. 为上一款的目的，时价指原应交付货物地点的
现行价格，如果该地点没有时价，则指另一合理替代地点的价格，但应适
当地考虑货物运费的差额。
Article 77
A party who relies on a breach of contract must take such
measures as are reasonable in the circumstances to mitigate the
loss, including loss of profit, resulting from the breach. If he fails
to take such measures, the party in breach may claim a reduction
in the damages in the amount by which the loss should have
been mitigated. 声称另一方违反合同的一方，必须按情况采取合理措施，
减轻由于该另一方违反合同而引起的损失，包括利润方面的损失。如果他
不采取这种措施，违反合同一方可以要求从损害赔偿中扣除原可以减轻的
损失数额。
Section III. Interest
Article 78
If a party fails to pay the price or any other sum that is in
arrears, the other party is entitled to interest on it, without
prejudice to any claim for damages recoverable under article 74.
如果一方当事人没有支付价款或任何其它拖欠金额，另一方当事人有权对
这些款额收取利息，但不妨碍要求按照第七十四条规定可以取得的损害赔
偿。
Section IV. Exemptions
Article 79
(1) A party is not liable for a failure to perform any of his
obligations if he proves that the failure was due to an
impediment beyond his control and that he could not reasonably
be expected to have taken the impediment into account at the
time of the conclusion of the contract or to have avoided or
overcome it or its consequences. 当事人对不履行义务，不负责任，
如果他能证明此种不履行义务，是由于某种非他所能控制的障碍，而且对
于这种障碍，没有理由预期他在订立合同时能考虑到或能避免或克服它或
它的后果。
(2) If the party’s failure is due to the failure by a third person
whom he has engaged to perform the whole or a part of the
contract, that party is exempt from liability only if: 如果当事人不
履行义务是由于他所雇用履行合同的全部或一部分规定的第三方不履行
义务所致，该当事人只有在以下情况下才能免除责任：
(a) he is exempt under the preceding paragraph; and 他按照上
一款的规定应免除责任，和
(b) the person whom he has so engaged would be so exempt
if the provisions of that paragraph were applied to him. 假如该项
的规定也适用于他所雇用的人，这个人也同样会免除责任。
(3) The exemption provided by this article has effect for the
period during which the impediment exists. 本条所规定的免责对障
碍存在的期间有效。
(4) The party who fails to perform must give notice to the
other party of the impediment and its effect on his ability to
perform. If the notice is not received by the other party within a
reasonable time after the party who fails to perform knew or
ought to have known of the impediment, he is liable for damages
resulting from such non-receipt. 不履行义务的一方必须将障碍及其
对他履行义务能力的影响通知另一方。如果该项通知在不履行义务的一方
已知道或理应知道此一障碍后一段合理时间内仍未为另一方收到，则他对
由于另一方未收到通知而造成的损害应负赔偿责任。
(5) Nothing in this article prevents either party from
exercising any right other than to claim damages under this
Convention 本条规定不妨碍任何一方行使本公约规定的要求损害赔偿
以外的任何权利。
Article 80
A party may not rely on a failure of the other party to perform,
to the extent that such failure was caused by the first party’s act
or omission. 一方当事人因其行为或不行为而使得另一方当事人不履行
义务时，不得声称该另一方当事人不履行义务。
Section V. Effects of avoidance
Article 81
(1) Avoidance of the contract releases both parties from their
obligations under it, subject to any damages which may be due.
Avoidance does not affect any provision of the contract for the
settlement of disputes or any other provision of the contract
governing the rights and obligations of the parties consequent
upon the avoidance of the contract. 宣告合同无效解除了双方在合同
中的义务，但应负责的任何损害赔偿仍应负责。宣告合同无效不影响合同
关于解决争端的任何规定，也不影响合同中关于双方在宣告合同无效后权
利和义务的任何其它规定。
(2) A party who has performed the contract either wholly or in
part may claim restitution from the other party of whatever the
first party has supplied or paid under the contract. If both parties
are bound to make restitution, they must do so concurrently. 已
全部或局部履行合同的一方，可以要求另一方归还他按照合同供应的货物
或支付的价款，如果双方都须归还，他们必须同时这样做。
Article 82
(1) The buyer loses the right to declare the contract avoided
or to require the seller to deliver substitute goods if it is
impossible for him to make restitution of the goods substantially
in the condition in which he received them. 买方如果不可能按实际
收到货物的原状归还货物，他就丧失宣告合同无效或要求卖方交付替代货
物的权利。
(2) The preceding paragraph does not apply: 上一款的规定不适
用于以下情况：
(a) if the impossibility of making restitution of the goods or of
making restitution of the goods substantially in the condition in
which the buyer received them is not due to his act or omission;
如果不可能归还货物或不可能按实际收到货物的原状归还货物，并非由于
买方的行为或不行为所造成；或者
(b) if the goods or part of the goods have perished or
deteriorated as a result of the examination provided for in article
38; or 如果货物或其中一部分的毁灭或变坏，是由于按照第三十八条规定
进行检验所致；或者
(c) if the goods or part of the goods have been sold in the
normal course of business or have been consumed or
transformed by the buyer in the course normal use before he
discovered or ought to have discovered the lack of conformity.
如果货物或其中一部分，在买方发现或理应发现与合同不符以前，已为买
方在正常营业过程中售出，或在正常使用过程中消费或改变。
Article 83
A buyer who has lost the right to declare the contract avoided
or to require the seller to deliver substitute goods in accordance
with article 82 retains all other remedies under the contract and
this Convention. 买方虽然依第八十二条规定丧失宣告合同无效或要求
卖方交付替代货物的权利，但是根据合同和本公约规定，他仍保有采取一
切其它补救办法的权利。
Article 84
(1) If the seller is bound to refund the price, he must also pay
interest on it, from the date on which the price was paid. 如果卖
方有义务归还价款，他必须同时从支付价款之日起支付价款利息。在以下
情况下，买方必须向卖方说明他从货物或其中一部分得到的一切利益：
(2) The buyer must account to the seller for all benefits which
he has derived from the goods or part of them: 在以下情况下，买方
必须向卖方说明他从货物或其中一部分得到的一切利益：
(a) if he must make restitution of the goods or part of them;
or 如果他必须归还货物或其中一部分；或者 (b) if it is impossible for
him to make restitution of all or part of the goods or to make
restitution of all or part of the goods substantially in the
condition in which he received them, but he has nevertheless
declared the contract avoided or required the seller to deliver
substitute goods. 如果他不可能归还全部或一部分货物，或不可能按实
际收到货物的原状归还全部或一部分货物，但他已宣告合同无效或已要求
卖方支付替代货物。
Section VI. Preservation of the goods
Article 85
If the buyer is in delay in taking delivery of the goods or,
where payment of the price and delivery of the goods are to be
made concurrently, if he fails to pay the price, and the seller is
either in possession of the goods or otherwise able to control
their disposition, the seller must take such steps as are
reasonable in the circumstances to preserve them. He is entitled
to retain them until he has been reimbursed his reasonable
expenses by the buyer. 如果买方推迟收取货物，或在支付价款和交付
货物应同时履行时，买方没有支付价款，而卖方仍拥有这些货物或仍能控
制这些货物的处置权，卖方必须按情况采取合理措施，以保全货物。他有
权保有这些货物，直至买方把他所付的合理费用偿还他为止。
Article 86
(1) If the buyer has received the goods and intends to exercise
any right under the contract or this Convention to reject them, he
must take such steps to preserve them as are reasonable in the
circumstances. He is entitled to retain them until he has been
reimbursed his reasonable expenses by the seller. 如果买方已收到
货物，但打算行使合同或本公约规定的任何权利，把货物退回，他必须按
情况采取合理措施，以保全货物。他有权保有这些货物，直至卖方把他所
付的合理费用偿还给他为止。
(2) If goods dispatched to the buyer have been placed at his
disposal at their destination and he exercises the right to reject
them, he must take possession of them on behalf of the seller,
provided that this can be done without payment of the price and
without unreasonable inconvenience or unreasonable expense.
This provision does not apply if the seller or a person authorized
to take charge of the goods on his behalf is present at the
destination. If the buyer takes possession of the goods under
this paragraph, his rights and obligations are governed by the
preceding paragraph. 如果发运给买方的货物已到达目的地，并交给买
方处置，而买方行使退货权利，则买方必须代表卖方收取货物，除非他这
样做需要支付价款而且会使他遭受不合理的不便或需承担不合理的费用。
如果卖方或受权代表他掌管货物的人也在目的地，则此一规定不适用。如
果买方根据本款规定收取货物，他的权利和义务与上一款所规定的相同。
Article 87
A party who is bound to take steps to preserve the goods may
deposit them in a warehouse of a third person at the expense of
the other party provided that the expense incurred is not
unreasonable. 有义务采取措施以保全货物的一方当事人，可以把货物寄
放在第三方的仓库，由另一方当事人担负费用，但该项费用必须合理。
Article 88
(1) A party who is bound to preserve the goods in accordance
with article 85 or 86 may sell them by any appropriate means if
there has been an unreasonable delay by the other party in
taking possession of the goods or in taking them back or in
paying the price or the cost of preservation, provided that
reasonable notice of the intention to sell has been given to the
other party. 如果另一方当事人在收取货物或收回货物或支付价款或保
全货物费用方面有不合理的迟延，按照第八十五条或第八十六条规定有义
务保全货物的一方当事人，可以采取任何适当办法，把货物出售，但必须
事前向另一方当事人发出合理的意向通知。
(2) If the goods are subject to rapid deterioration or their
preservation would involve unreasonable expense, a party who is
bound to preserve the goods in accordance with article 85 or 86
must take reasonable measures to sell them. To the extent
possible he must give notice to the other party of his intention to
sell. 如果货物易于迅速变坏，或者货物的保全牵涉到不合理的费用，则
按照第八十五条或第八十六条规定有义务保全货物的一方当事人，必须采
取合理措施，把货物出售，在可能的范围内，他必须把出售货物的打算通
知另一方当事人。
(3) A party selling the goods has the right to retain out of the
proceeds of sale an amount equal to the reasonable expenses of
preserving the goods and of selling them. He must account to
the other party for the balance. 出售货物的一方当事人，有权从销售
所得收入中扣回为保全货物和销售货物而付的合理费用。他必须向另一方
当事人说明所余款项。
PART IV
Final Provisions
Article 89
The Secretary-General of the United Nations is hereby
designated as the depositary for this Convention. 兹指定联合国秘
书长为本公约保管人。
Article 90
This Convention does not prevail over any international
agreement which has already been or may be entered into and
which contains provisions concerning the matters governed by
this Convention, provided that the parties have their places of
business in States parties to such agreement. 本公约不优于业已缔
结或可以缔结并载有与属于本公约范围内事项有关的条款的任何国际协
定，但以双方当事人的营业地均在这种协定的缔约国内为限。
Article 91
(1) This Convention is open for signature at the concluding
meeting of the United Nations Conference on Contracts for the
International Sale of Goods and will remain open for signature by
all States at the Headquarters of the United Nations, New York
until 30 September 1981. 本公约在联合国国际货物销售合同会议闭幕
会议上开放签字，并在纽约联合国总部继续开放签字，直至１９８１年９
月 ３ ０ 日 为 止 。 (2) This Convention is subject to ratification,
acceptance or approval by the signatory States. 本公约须经签字国
批准、接受或核准。
(3) This Convention is open for accession by all States which
are not signatory States as from the date it is open for signature.
本公约从开放签字之日起开放给所有非签字国加入。
(4) Instruments of ratification, acceptance, approval and
accession are to be deposited with the Secretary-General of the
United Nations. 批准书、接受书、核准书和加入书应送交联合国秘书长
存放。
Article 92
(1) A Contracting State may declare at the time of signature,
ratification, acceptance, approval or accession that it will not be
bound by Part II of this Convention or that it will not be bound by
Part III of this Convention. 缔约国可在签字、批准、接受、核准或加入
时声明他不受本公约第二部分的约束或不受本公约第三部分的约束。
(2) A Contracting State which makes a declaration in
accordance with the preceding paragraph in respect of Part II or
Part III of this Convention is not to be considered a Contracting
State within paragraph (1) of article 1 of this Convention in
respect of matters governed by the Part to which the declaration
applies. 按照上一款规定就本公约第二部分或第三部分做出声明的缔约
国，在该声明适用的部分所规定事项上，不得视为本公约第一条第（１）
款范围内的缔约国。
Article 93
(1) If a Contracting State has two or more territorial units in
which, according to its constitution, different systems of law are
applicable in relation to the matters dealt with in this Convention,
it may, at the time of signature, ratification, acceptance, approval
or accession, declare that this Convention is to extend to all its
territorial units or only to one or more of them, and may amend
its declaration by submitting another declaration at any time. 如
果缔约国具有两个或两个以上的领土单位，而依照该国宪法规定、各领土
单位对本公约所规定的事项适用不同的法律制度，则该国得在签字、批准、
接受、核准或加入时声明本公约适用于该国全部领土单位或仅适用于其中
的一个或数个领土单位，并且可以随时提出另一声明来修改其所做的声明。
(2) These declarations are to be notified to the depositary and
are to state expressly the territorial units to which the
Convention extends. 此种声明应通知保管人，并且明确地说明适用本
公约的领土单位。
(3) If, by virtue of a declaration under this article, this
Convention extends to one or more but not all of the territorial
units of a Contracting State, and if the place of business of a
party is located in that State, this place of business, for the
purposes of this Convention, is considered not to be in a
Contracting State, unless it is in a territorial unit to which the
Convention extends. 如果根据按本条做出的声明，本公约适用于缔约
国的一个或数个但不是全部领土单位，而且一方当事人的营业地位于该缔
约国内，则为本公约的目的，该营业地除非位于本公约适用的领土单位内，
否则视为不在缔约国内。
(4) If a Contracting State makes no declaration under
paragraph (1) of this Article, the Convention is to extend to all
territorial
units of that State. 如果缔约国没有按照本条第（１）款做出声明，
则本公约适用于该国所有领土单位。
Article 94
(1) Two or more Contracting States which have the same or
closely related legal rules on matters governed by this
Convention may at any time declare that the Convention is not to
apply to contracts of sale or to their formation where the parties
have their places of business in those States. Such declarations
may be made jointly or by reciprocal unilateral declarations. 对属
于本公约范围的事项具有相同或非常近似的法律规则的两个或两个以上
的缔约国，可随时声明本公约不适用于营业地在这些缔约国内的当事人之
间的销售合同，也不适用于这些合同的订立。此种声明可联合做出，也可
以相互单方面声明的方式做出。
(2) A Contracting State which has the same or closely related
legal rules on matters governed by this Convention as one or
more non-Contracting States may at any time declare that the
Convention is not to apply to contracts of sale or to their
formation where the parties have their places of business in
those States. 对属于本公约范围的事项具有与一个或一个以上非缔约国
相同或非常近似的法律规则的缔约国，可随时声明本公约不适用于营业地
在这些非缔约国内的当事人之间的销售合同，也不适用于这些合同的订立。
(3) If a State which is the object of a declaration under the
preceding paragraph subsequently becomes a Contracting State,
the declaration made will, as from the date on which the
Convention enters into force in respect of the new Contracting
State, have the effect of a declaration made under paragraph (1),
provided that the new Contracting State joins in such declaration
or makes a reciprocal unilateral declaration. 作为根据上一款所做声
明对象的国家如果后来成为缔约国，这项声明从本公约对该新缔约国生效
之日起，具有根据第（１）款所做声明的效力，但以该新缔约国加入这项
声明，或做出相互单方面声明为限。
Article 95
Any State may declare at the time of the deposit of its
instrument of ratification, acceptance, approval or accession that
it will not be bound by subparagraph (1)(b) of article 1 of this
Convention. 任何国家在交存其批准书、接受书、核准书或加入书时，可
声明它不受本公约第一条第（１）款（ｂ）项的约束。
Article 96
A Contracting State whose legislation requires contracts of
sale to be concluded in or evidenced by writing may at any time
make a declaration in accordance with article 12 that any
provision of article 11, article 29, or Part II of this Convention,
that allows a contract of sale or its modification or termination by
agreement or any offer, acceptance, or other indication of
intention to be made in any form other than in writing, does not
apply where any party has his place of business in that State. 本
国法律规定销售合同必须以书面订立或书面证明的缔约国，可以随时按照
第十二条的规定，声明本公约第十一条、第二十九条或第二部分准许销售
合同或其更改或根据协议终止，或者任何发价、接受或其它意旨表示得以
书面以外任何形式做出的任何规定不适用，如果任何一方当事人的营业地
是在该缔约国内。
Article 97
(1) Declarations made under this Convention at the time of
signature are subject to confirmation upon ratification （批准） ,
acceptance or approval. 根据本公约规定在签字时做出的声明，须在批
准、接受或核准时加以确认。
(2) Declarations and confirmations of declarations are to be in
writing and be formally notified to the depositary. 声明和声明的确
认，应以书面提出，并应正式通知保管人。
(3) A declaration takes effect simultaneously with the entry
into force of this Convention in respect of the State concerned.
However, a declaration of which the depositary receives formal
notification after such entry into force takes effect on the first
day of the month following the expiration of six months after the
date of its receipt by the depositary. Reciprocal unilateral
declarations under article 94 take effect on the first day of the
month following the expiration of six months after the receipt of
the latest declaration by the depositary. 声明在本公约对有关国家开
始生效时同时生效。但是，保管人于此种生效后收到正式通知的声明，应
于保管人收到声明之日起６个月后的第１个月第１天生效。根据第九十四
条规定做出的相互单方面声明，应于保管人收到最后一份声明之日起６个
月后的第１个月第１天生效。
(4) Any State which makes a declaration under this Convention
may withdraw it at any time by a formal notification in writing
addressed to the depositary. Such withdrawal is to take effect on
the first day of the month following the expiration of six months
after the date of the receipt of the notification by the depositary.
根据本公约规定做出声明的任何国家可以随时用书面正式通知保管人撤
回该项声明。此种撤回于保管人收到通知之日起６个月后的第１个月第１
天生效。
(5) A withdrawal of a declaration made under article 94
renders inoperative, as from the date on which the withdrawal
takes effect, any reciprocal declaration made by another State
under that article. 撤回根据第九十四条做出的声明，自撤回生效之日起，
就会使另一国家根据该条所做的任何相互声明失效。
Article 98
No reservations are permitted except those expressly
authorized in this Convention. 除本公约明文许可的保留外，不得作任
何保留。
Article 99
(1) This Convention enters into force, subject to the
provisions of paragraph (6) of this article, on the first day of the
month following the expiration of twelve months after the date of
deposit of the tenth instrument of ratification, acceptance,
approval or accession, including an instrument which contains a
declaration made under article 92. 在本条第（６）款规定的条件下，
本公约在第十件批准书、接受书、核准书或加入书、包括载有根据第九十
二条规定做出的声明的文书交存之日起１２月后的第１个月第１天生效。
(2) When a State ratifies, accepts, approves or accedes to this
Convention after the deposit of the tenth instrument of
ratification, acceptance, approval or accession, this Convention,
with the exception of the Part excluded, enters into force in
respect of that State, subject to the provisions of paragraph (6) of
this article, on the first day of the month following the expiration
of twelve months after the date of the deposit of its instrument
of ratification, acceptance, approval or accession. 在本条第（６）
款规定的条件下，对于在第１０件批准书、接受书、核准书或加入书交存
后才批准、接受、核准或加入本公约的国家，本公约在该国交存其批准书、
接受书、核准车或加入书之日起１２个月后的第１个月第１天对该国生效，
但不适用的部分除外。
(3) A State which ratifies, accepts, approves or accedes to this
Convention and is a party to either or both the Convention
relating to a Uniform Law on the Formation of Contracts for the
International Sale of Goods done at The Hague on 1 July 1964
(1964 Hague Formation Convention) and the Convention relating
to a Uniform Law on the International Sale of Goods done at The
Hague on 1 July 1964 (1964 Hague Sales Convention) shall at the
same time denounce, as the case may be, either or both the
1964 Hague Sales Convention and the 1964 Hague Formation
Convention by notifying the Government of the Netherlands to
that effect. 批准、接受、核准或加入本公约的国家，如果是１９６４年
７月１日海牙签订的《关于国际货物销售合同的订立统一法公约》（《１
９６４年海牙订立合同公约》）和１９６４年７月１日在海牙签订的《关
于国际货物销售统一法的公约》（《１９６４年海牙货物销售公约》）中
一项或两项公约的缔约国。应按情况同时通知荷兰政府声明退出《１９６
４年海牙货物销售公约》或《１９６４年海牙订立合同公约》）或退出该
两公约。
(4) A State party to the 1964 Hague Sales Convention which
ratifies, accepts, approves or accedes to the present Convention
and declares or has declared under article 52 that it will not be
bound by Part II of this Convention shall at the time of ratification,
acceptance, approval or accession denounce the 1964 Hague
Sales Convention by notifying the Government of the Netherlands
to that effect. 凡为《１９６４年海牙货物销售公约》缔约国并批准、接
受、核准或加入本公约和根据第九十二条规定声明或业已声明不受本公约
第二部分约束的国家，应于批准、接受、核准或加入时通知荷兰政府声明
退出《１９６４年海牙货物销售公约》。
(5) A State party to the 1964 Hague Formation Convention
which ratifies, accepts, approves or accedes to the present
Convention and declares or has declared under article 92 that it
will not be bound by Part III of this Convention shall at the time
of ratification, acceptance, approval or accession denounce the
1964 Hague Formation Convention by notifying the Government
of the Netherlands to that effect. 凡为《１９６４年海牙订立合同公约》
缔约国并批准、接受、核准或加入本公约和根据第九十二条规定声明或业
已声明不受本公约第三部分约束的国家，应于批准、接受、核准或加入时
通知荷兰政府声明退出《１９６４年海牙订立合同公约》。
(6) For the purpose of this article, ratifications, acceptances,
approvals and accessions in respect of this Convention by States
parties to the 1964 Hague Formation Convention or to the 1964
Hague Sales Convention shall not be effective until such
denunciations as may be required on the part of those States in
respect of the latter two Conventions have themselves become
effective. The depositary of this Convention shall consult with the
Government of the Netherlands, as the depositary of the 1964
Conventions, so as to ensure necessary co-ordination in this
respect. 为本条的目的，《１９６４年海牙订立合同公约》或《１９６４年
海牙货物销售公约》的缔约国的批准、接受、核准或加入本公约，应在这
些国家按照规定退出该两公约生效后方始生效。本公约保管人应与１９６
４年两公约的保管人荷兰政府进行协商，以确保在这方面进行必要的协调。
Article 100
(1) This Convention applies to the formation of a contract only
when the proposal for concluding the contract is made on or
after the date when the Convention enters into force in respect of
the Contracting States referred to in subparagraph (1)(a) or the
Contracting State referred to in subparagraph (1)(b) of article 1.
本公约适用于合同的订立，只要订立该合同的建议是在本公约对第一条第
（１）款（ａ）项所指缔约国或第一条第（１）款（ｂ）项所指缔约国生
效之日或其后作出的。
(2) This Convention applies only to contracts concluded on or
after the date when the Convention enters into force in respect of
the Contracting States referred to in subparagraph (1)(a) or the
Contracting State referred to in subparagraph (1)(b) of article 1.
本公约只适用于在它对第一条第（１）款（ａ）项所指缔约国或第一条第（１）
款（ｂ）项所指缔约国生效之日或其后订立的合同。
Article 101
(1) A Contracting State may denounce this Convention, or Part
II or Part III of the Convention, by a formal notification in writing
addressed to the depositary. 缔约国可以用书面正式通知保管人声明
退出本公约，或本公约第二部分或第三部分。
(2) The denunciation takes effect on the first day of the month
following the expiration of twelve months after the notification is
received by the depositary. Where a longer period for the
denunciation to take effect is specified in the notification, the
denunciation takes effect upon the expiration of such longer
period after the notification is received by the depositary. Done
at Vienna, this day of eleventh day of April, one thousand nine
hundred and eighty, in a single original, of which the Arabic,
Chinese, English, French, Russian and Spanish texts are equally
authentic. In Witness Whereof the undersigned plenipotentiaries,
being duly authorized by their respective Governments, have
signed this Convention. 退出于保管人收到通知１２个月后的第１个
月第１天起生效。凡通知内订明一段退出生效的更长时间，则退出于保管
人收到通知后该段更长时间满时起生效。１９８０年４月１１日订于维也
纳，正本１份，其阿拉伯文本、中文本、英文本、法文本、俄文本和西班
牙文本都具有同等效力。
