Business Unit Strategy Framework
Stan Miranda London
Strategy Development Tools
Introduction
What is a Strategy?
What is a good Strategy?
What are the key elements of a Strategy?
How do we develop a good Strategy?
Key Takeaways
Frequently Asked Questions
Corporate Versus Business Unit Strategy
Business Unit Strategy sets market and product priorities, defines sources of competitive advantage and allocates resources behind strategic imperatives.
Defines full potential targets
Focuses on core markets, products, customer segments, channels
Defines sources of competitive advantage and core competences
Prioritises strategic imperatives
Defines potential adjacent expansion opportunities
Corporate Strategy
Business Unit Strategy
Business Unit Strategy
Market
Strategy
Product
Strategy
Channel
Strategy
Functional Area
Strategy
Product
Strategy
Channel
Strategy
Functional Area
Strategy
Market
Strategy
The Bain Toolkit
Business Definition and Business Unit Strategy are at the core of all results delivered through strategy at Bain.
Business
Definition
BU Strategy
Business Definition
Performance Improvement
M&A
Org
Corporate Strategy
Joint Venture /
Alliances
Growth
Portfolio Strategy
Core
Capabilities
O/head Cost Reduction
Parent Value Added
Change Management
Post Merger Integration
Organisation Design
Process Redesign
Role of Centre
Shareholder Value Analysis
LBO Commercial Reviews
Sales and
Marketing
VMR’s
Loyalty
Acquisition
Evaluation
Strategy Development Tools
Introduction
What is a Strategy?
What is a good Strategy?
What are the key elements of a Strategy?
How do we develop a good Strategy?
Key Takeaways
Frequently Asked Questions
Definition of Strategy (From Clients)
“A route from A to B.”
“Long term plans, unfettered by short term pressures.”
Bain Definition of Strategy
Strategy is a proprietary set of actions that better serve customers than the competition.
Bain Definition of Strategy
Strategy is the science of allocating scarce resources.
Importance of Strategy
You won’t get there without knowing
where you are going
how to get there
Guides decision-making and resource allocation
Defines full potential
Strategically minded businesses generally out-perform operationally managed businesses
Clearly communicates to the organisation where they are going
Importance of Strategy
CEO’s believe a strong strategy is key.
Attributes that will make a company most respected in the future
1. “Strong, well thought out strategy”
2. Maximizing customer satisfaction and loyalty
3. Business leadership
4. Quality of products/services
5. Strong and consistent performance
Financial Times "World’s Most Respected" Companies Survey (Nov. 1998)
Strategy Development Tools
Introduction
What is a Strategy?
What is a good Strategy?
What are the key elements of a Strategy?
How do we develop a good Strategy?
Key Takeaways
Frequently Asked Questions
Strategic Principles
“Perhaps my most important act was my first central idea for GE back in 1981, which was my decision to be either number one or number two in our businesses - or get out of them altogether.”
- Jack Welch,
CEO General Electric
Strategic Principles
“For a new technology to really flourish, it should be managed and marketed on its own, without exploiting the synergies from other divisions. That is because when a technology is successful - executives will slow down the growth of new competing technologies.”
- Robert Galvin
CEO Motorola
What is a Good Strategy?
1. Rooted in a few powerful guiding strategic principles
2. Proprietary
3. Makes trade-offs
4. Defines 2-3 top strategic imperatives
5. Built on strong basic operating performance (., is implementable)
6. Dynamic - “future proof”
Strategy Development Tools
Introduction
What is a Strategy?
What is a good Strategy?
What are the key elements of a Strategy?
How do we develop a good Strategy?
Key Takeaways
Frequently Asked Questions
Iraqi War
Iraq invaded Kuwait, declared Kuwait a province
UN Security Council declared annexation void
An alliance of Nato and Middle East countries appointed General Schwartzkopf + Security Council of Allied forces
Colin Powell to command the Allied Forces
You are general Colin Powell
You need a strategy (“let’s call it Desert Storm”)
August 1990
January 1991
What are the critical elements of Strategy?
Desert Storm
K U W A I T
I R A Q
S A U D I A R A B I A
I R A N
Baghdad
Nasiryah
Kuwait City
Basra
Iraqi War - Key Elements of Strategy
Remove the Iraq threat to Kuwait
Not to annihilate Iraq
1. Goals
Not Iraq; Kuwait and Southern border of Iraq
2. Battlefield
Precision bombing attacks followed by sea and land attack
4. Weapons
1. Speed, so Saddam had no time to mobilise army
2. Precision bombing attacks followed by sea &
land attack
5. Plan - Strategic
Imperatives
NATO and Middle East countries
7. Allies
1. Specific locations
2. Sequencing of attacks
3. Media visibility to gain international support
6. Plan - Key
tactics
1. Saddam Hussein
2. Kurds
3. Enemy
3. 20m people
4. 100K National Guard
What are the Critical Elements of Strategy?
Military Context
1. Goals
2. Battlefields
3. Enemy
4. Weapons/Troops
5. Plan
- strategic imperatives
- tactics
6. Allies
1. Financial targets and vision
2. Product, markets & customer segments
3. Competitors
4. Primary source of competitive advantage
5. Management, employees &
money (resources)
6. Management plans & programmes
7. Alliance Partners
Business Context
A CEO doesn’t have a strategy without these critical elements.
1. Vision
2. Source of Competitive Advantage
3. Target Competitors
4. Principal Battlefields
5. Strategic Imperatives
6. Key Initiatives
Business Unit Strategy Pyramid
A pyramid helps to translate the strategy into a day-to-day tool.
1. Vision
Europe’s
most profitable automotive manufacturer by 2002:
5% ROS & 7% growth
AutoCo Pyramid (1)
AutoCo Pyramid (2)
Low cost producer of high quality vehicles
Distribution network which delivers high owner loyalty
Customer- driven PD Process
2. Source of Competitive Advantage
3. Target Competitors
Premium Manufacturers
VW Group
Other Mainstream Manufacturers
AutoCo Pyramid (3)
4. Principal Battlefields
Drive core C and C/D platforms everywhere
Dominate UK and MCV across Europe
Drive to in Germany
AutoCo Pyramid (4)
5. Strategic Imperatives
Achieve lowest total enterprise cost
Optimise full portfolio of brands and increase premium participation
Expand into profitable adjacent revenue areas
AutoCo Pyramid (5)
AutoCo Pyramid (6)
Materials costs
Demand-to-delivery
Capital expenditure
Capacity & labour strategy
Portfolio & brand strategy
Product development process
Premium strategy
Distribution strategy
Adjacent businesses
6. Key Initiatives
Strategy Development Tools
Introduction
What is a Strategy?
What is a good Strategy?
What are the key elements of a Strategy?
How do we develop a good Strategy?
Key Takeaways
Frequently Asked Questions
How Do We Develop . Strategies?
Process Step
Strategy Diagnostic
Implementation Diagnostic
Change Programme
Output
Strategic Plan
Implementation Plan(s)
Change Process
Results
Where in strategy development process are we?
Four Core Steps
1. Business Definition
2. Key Value Drivers
3. Strategic Principles
4. Strategic Options
Strategy Framework
Purch.
Tech.,
R&D
Mfg.
Mktg.
Sales
Dist
Cust. Svc.
3. Strategic Principles
4. Strategic Options
Option A
Option B
Option C
1. Business Definition
Tech.,
R&D
Mfg.
Mktg.
Sales
Dist
Cust. Svc.
Purch.
2. Key Value Drivers
Business Unit Strategy
1. What are the market’s competitive boundaries?
Activities currently performed
Current and future business definition
products/services?
global, regional, local?
which value chain elements?
technology?
Inputs
Business definition
Issues raised
Outputs
Business Unit Strategy
Customer needs
customer segmentation
what is important?
how differentiable?
Cost analysis
largest manageable components
cost sharing
capital requirements
Core capabilities
Industry “key value drivers”
strategic
operational
What are the key value drivers for any competitor?
Purch.
Mfg.
Sales
Dist.
Tech., R&D
Mktg.
Cust.
Svc.
2. What are the key value drivers for any competitor?
Inputs
Outputs
Business Unit Strategy
Purch
Mtg
Dist
Cust
Svc
Tech
R&D
Mktg
Sales
3. What is required of our winning strategy?
Industry structure: today and future
Competitors: today and future
Performance benchmarks
customer needs
costs
capabilities
Inputs
Our guiding strategic principles
“any good strategy must ….”
Outputs
Business Unit Strategy
Develop options
Evaluate options
Financial analysis
profit
capital
shareholder value
Option A
Option B
Option C
List of strategic options
Recommended strategy
Key elements for strategy
vision and targets
battlefields
products/markets/ customers
source of advantage
target competitors
top 3 strategic imperatives
resource requirements
Quantified full potential
4. How do we achieve our full potential?
Inputs
Outputs
Strategy Framework
Purch.
Tech.,
R&D
Mfg.
Mktg.
Sales
Dist
Cust. Svc.
3. Strategic Principles
4. Strategic Options
Option A
Option B
Option C
1. Business Definition
Tech.,
R&D
Mfg.
Mktg.
Sales
Dist
Cust. Svc.
Purch.
2. Key Value Drivers
Importance of Business Definition
Helps determine what business battlefield is most defensible
define it too broadly, are overtaken by more focused competitors
define it too narrowly, are overtaken by more broadly based competitors
This is our “Magic Dust”.
Bain Capital Approach
Business definition is key in Bain Capital’s approach.
Bain Capital Investment Memorandum
4. Proven Analytical Approach
Market definition
Market definition delineates the boundaries where competitive advantage can be established and sustained. Market definition is based on the business’s economics, sharing with other businesses and the dynamics of customer behaviour
Market segmentation
Competitive position
Cost analysis
Capabilities and Assets
Management
Regulatory, Environmental, Tax, Legal, Accounting
Harvest Analysis
Wesley Jesson VisionCare Story
Acquired struggling contact lens manufacturer diversified into all eyewear, retail outlets, solutions / accessories
Limited cost, distribution and technology overlap suggested business definition was soft contact lens manufacturing only
Divested everything else and focused on innovating within contact lens only
1997 exited at 400% IRR
$M
Business definition is Bain Capital’s Magic Dust as well.
Business Definition (Version )
One business with potential for substitution
Separate businesses with potential for bundling
Separate Business
Separate businesses with potential for cost leadership shift
One business with potential for differentiation or niche position
One Business
Low
High
High
Low
Cost Synergies
Customer Synergies
Innovations in Business Definition
We have made several improvements to Version .
1. Capability sharing is as critical as cost and customer sharing in defining business boundaries
clearly about all of the dimensions of business definition
that business definition is not clear cut
4. Recognising that business definition is constantly changing - and getting the timing right
5. Competitive position - dominance opens up opportunities for leaders to define boundaries
Classic Business Definition Dimensions
1. Products
2. Geography
3. Value Chain
4. Customer segments
5. Channels
6. Technology
7. Capabilities
These are the key dimensions we use - the top 3 usually matter most.
BrewCo Example
Product
Geography
Channel
Backward
Integration
Soft Drinks
Spirits
Wine
Cider
Other Speciality Beers
Lager
Ale
Stout
Mktg.
Sales
Physical
Dist.
Wholesaling
Retailing
UK
Multi-Country Europe
European region
Europe and Africa
Western Countries
Developing World
Global
Raw Materials
Malting
Brewing
Packaging
Forward
Integration
Price
Segments
Customer
Segments
Client
Key Tool #1
AutoCo Example
Service
Technology
Geography
Product
Backward
Integration
Tourism
Used Car Trading
Leasing
Rental
Insurance
Credit
After Sales Service
Parts
UK
Multi-Country Europe
Europe and Africa
Western Countries
Developing World
Customer
Segments
Forward
Integration
Client
Key Tool #1
Strategy Framework
Purch.
Tech.,
R&D
Mfg.
Mktg.
Sales
Dist
Cust. Svc.
3. Strategic Principles
4. Strategic Options
1. Business Definition
Tech.,
R&D
Mfg.
Mktg.
Sales
Dist
Cust. Svc.
Purch.
2. Key Value Drivers
Option A
Option B
Option C
Winning Strategy - Competitors
Competitive position defines the boundaries for operating performance.
Returns Earned
Relative Market Share
Competitive Position
Weak
Strong
Low
High
Positive EVA
Negative EVA
Cost of Capital
Operations
Improved Strategic Position
Beer Industry Key Value Driver
“Since the beer business is a national business (not global) we were not surprised to see Domestic RMS as the key driver of value.”
UK
USA
Ireland
Op Profit per hl (£)
15
10
5
0
1x
10x
12
Domestic RMS
8
4
0
1x
10x
10
6
2
10
8
4
0
1x
10x
6
2
BeerCo position
BrewCo - Cost Analysis
National/Regional scale is the major driver of operating costs in the brewing industry.
Percent of Costs
BrewCo - Customer Needs
1. There are sizeable segments of consumers who are prepared to pay a premium price for a product differentiated by
taste
image
fashion
2. Brand Loyalty in these segments can overcome distribution weaknesses relative to dominant national brewers
3. Dominant local brewers show little interest in this segment
BrewCo - Strategic and Operational Key Value Drivers
Strategic
Or
Where blocked from achieving dominant local positions, seek to build leading brands in premium segments
Seek to dominate beer markets with full portfolio of brands which lead their respective segments within national boundaries
Operational
And
And
Marketing and sales are the critical activities where brewers can achieve sustainable competitive advantage
In each market, total supply costs must be tightly managed
Marketing & Sales must focus on exploiting emerging consumer needs and controlling access to on-trade distribution
Key Tool #2
Automobile Industry KVD’s
Engineering
& Launching
Manufacturing
& Assembly
Materials
0
20
40
60
80
100%
Selling & Marketing
Regional
Local
Global
Regional
Cost
Drivers
Cost
Bar
and Platform
RMS within
Region
MobileCo - Cost Analysis
Total Cost per Minute
Manageable Key Cost Drivers
Cost per Minute
(% of Total)
The key manageable cost drivers were relative market share of low churn customers and relative share of off-peak traffic.
MobileCo - Customer Needs
Customer needs must be understood at each stage in the decision process.
Need a Mobile Phone
Will Look for One Here
Choose This Network
Will Stay with This Network
Price vs. Fixed Line
Brand awareness
Retail network
Friend’s recommen-dation
My fixed line operator
Tailored offer
service level
price
Integration with fixed
Price
Handset upgrade
MobileCo - Retention
Significantly more profit was created by retaining existing customers, rather than attracting new customers.
Increased value from retention as opposed to acquisition
Value Created By Reducing Churn By 5% (‘98-2003)
Value Created By Acquiring Equivalent # of New Customers
Lifetime NPV ($ M)
Operational
1. Maximize high value customers
2. Maximize low churn customer RMS
3. Maximize RMS of off-peak usage
4. Integrate fixed offering
5. Align regulator objectives with
company strategic objectives
Strategic
1. Manage costs down in line with
scale and experience curves
2. Maximize network capacity
utilization
3. Develop world class customer
service and billing capabilities
4. Maximize customer retention
MobileCo
The strategic and operational key value drivers were as follows:
Key Tool #2
Strategy Framework
Purch.
Tech.,
R&D
Mfg.
Mktg.
Sales
Dist
Cust. Svc.
3. Strategic Principles
4. Strategic Options
Option A
Option B
Option C
1. Business Definition
Tech.,
R&D
Mfg.
Mktg.
Sales
Dist
.
Purch.
2. Key Value Drivers
AutoCo - Industry Structure
90% of industry profits were earned from areas adjacent to auto manufacturing
The manufacturing profit pool was likely to shrink before it grew and perhaps go negative
Mergers offered significant economic opportunities
To identify strategic principles, AutoCo’s industry structure today and in the future was examined.
1.
2.
3.
AutoCo - Competitors
Key Tool #3
(2)
0
2
4
6
1
2
Relative Market Share (3-year cumulative)
BMW
GM
PSA
Ford
Mercedes
Fiat
Renault
VW Group
Pre-tax Return on Sales (3 year average)
Overperforming or milking?
Underperforming or investing?
Premium brands were overperforming while VW Group was investing to gain share.
AutoCo - Competitors (Future)
1996
VW Group was investing to consolidate its platforms (chassis) such that its Weighted Average Platform RMS would significantly exceed Auto-Co’s by 2002.
2002
AutoCo - Performance Benchmarks
Areas of potential advantage were identified.
AutoCo currently undifferentiated
AutoCo has greater potential with “family-oriented” segments (C/CD Platforms)
AutoCo currently matched competition on Platform RMS, but could focus on fewer platforms and leverage other secondary cost drivers
regional scale
cross platform-sharing
global scale
Areas offering AutoCo greatest scope for competitive advantage are
cost
product development process based on customer insight
distribution network / customer care
consumer insight
customer care
Costs
Capabilities
Customer Needs
AutoCo - Strategic Principles
Any “winning” AutoCo European Strategy must:
Achieve lowest cost
1.
2.
3.
Focus
segments
geographies
platforms
Occupy premium segments
Find adjacent revenue growth sources
4.
Strategy Framework
Purch.
Tech.,
R&D
Mfg.
Mktg.
Sales
Dist
Cust. Svc.
3. Strategic Principles
4. Strategic Options
Option A
Option B
Option C
1. Business Definition
Tech.,
R&D
Mfg.
Mktg.
Sales
Dist
Cust. Svc.
Purch.
2. Key Value Drivers
Strategic Options
There are a number of generic strategic options.
Seek to win
Seek to
Seek to change
Dominate
Redefine
Focus
Differentiate
Low Cost
Definition
within a specific market segment
dominate a given market by participating across all segments of the market
the definition of a market by expanding beyond its traditional boundaries
These are shown graphically below.
Strategic Options
1. Focus
Segment 3
Segment 2
2. Dominate
3. Redefine
Business A
Related Business B
Related Business C
Markets
Segment 1
Key Tool #4
BrewCo - Strategic Options
World’s leading speciality beer company
Global Brand Licensor
(to highest bidder in each local market)
Focus
Dominate
Global merger with Brewing Company
(most domestic overlap)
The strategic options for the brewing company were identified and a “focus” strategy selected.
BrewCo - Vision
A. Seek to dominate beer markets with a full portfolio of brands which lead their respective segments within national boundaries
“The BrewCo vision is to be the world’s most successful marketer and producer of premium beer brands, with particular emphasis on the BrewCo brand.”
Full Portfolio:
Ireland
Spain
Malaysia
B. Where blocked from achieving dominant local positions, seek to build leading brands in premium segments
Grow Premium:
US
European Export
The vision for the “focus” strategy was then developed.
Markets
Brewing Co - Full Potential
Operating Profit (£M)
Strategic Plan
Key Tool #5
And the full potential calculated.
MobileCo - Strategic Option
As Market Growth slows, MobileCo’s x RMS will “freeze” below acceptable Return on Capital.
Return on Sales (ROS)
MobileCo - Strategic Options
MobileCo’s weak strategic position in a slowing growth environment dictated the following strategic options be reviewed.
Issues:
Option 1
Option 2
Option 3
Option 4
Focus on fastest growing segments
Control selected fast growth channels of distribution
Aggressive price-led share gain strategy
Acute Differentiation Strategy
Size of growth segments
Data
Value-added voice applications
Cost of “acquiring” channels
Short-term profit goals
IPO implications
Organisational challenge
MobileCo - Option Evaluation
Strategic Principles
ThinkTools were used to evaluate the options.
Generic Options
MobileCo - Option Evaluation
The output of ThinkTools showed that “differentiation” was the only way to survive.
Differentiation
Differentiation
Short Term
Long Term
MobileCo - Option Evaluation
1. Vision
2. Competitive Advantage
3. Target Competitors
4. Principal Battlefields
5. Strategic Imperatives
6. Key Initiatives
Strategy Development Tools
Introduction
What is a Strategy?
What is a good Strategy?
What are the key elements of a Strategy?
How do we develop a good Strategy?
Key Takeaways
Frequently Asked Questions
Key Takeaways
Business Definition
Key Value Drivers
Strategic Principles
There are 6 key tools to take away.
Options
Full Potential
Strategy
38
TEMPLATES-ICON
bc
LON
Today
Future
0
20
40
60
80
SHV
Key Takeaways
There are 6 key tools to take away.
Strategy Development Tools
Introduction
What is a Strategy?
What is a good Strategy?
What are the key elements of a Strategy?
How do we develop a good Strategy?
Key Takeaways
Frequently Asked Questions
Frequently Asked Questions
What is my agenda with the client?
Frequently Asked Questions
1. Point of Departure
2. Goals
3. Business Definition
4. Key Value Drivers
5. Strategic Principles
6. Options Recommendation
7. Organisational Implications
8. Implementation Planning
With clients, the 4 key steps need to be “topped and tailed” by goals and implementation.
Frequently Asked Questions
How and where should I use this framework?
Frequently Asked Questions
1. Formal BU Strategy exercise
ideally in strategy workshops with major clients
3. Performance improvement/
do 80:20 version to challenge clients. Use as foundation for Performance Improvement/organization
framework developed to define full potential of each .
2. Corporate Strategy
mental framework used in initial interviews with top management
5. Client Development
framework for 1-2 week quick reviews
6. Private Equity due diligence
acute 80:20 in 2-3 day working sessions
7. Small Company Turnarounds
4. Mergers and Acquisitions
points to priority acquisitions (which stage - focus/dominate/redefine?)
organization work
Notes and Tips
If no logo is available, put client name in Arial Text, 20 or 22 point bold
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All text should be in Title Case
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Box must fit longest line of text throughout and be 1 point in width
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Text should appear centred on slide
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All text should be in Title Case
16-20 point font size (best fit)
Box must fit longest line of text throughout and be 1 point in width
Second level bullet same size text as first level (but less line spacing)
Text should appear centred on slide
Notes and Tips
All text should be in Title Case
16-20 point font size (best fit)
Box must fit longest line of text throughout and be 1 point in width
Second level bullet same size text as first level (but less line spacing)
Text should appear centred on slide
Notes and Tips
All text should be in Title Case
16-20 point font size (best fit)
Box must fit longest line of text throughout and be 1 point in width
Second level bullet same size text as first level (but less line spacing)
Text should appear centred on slide
Notes and Tips
All text should be in Title Case
16-20 point font size (best fit)
Box must fit longest line of text throughout and be 1 point in width
Second level bullet same size text as first level (but less line spacing)
Text should appear centred on slide
Notes and Tips
All text should be in Title Case
16-20 point font size (best fit)
Box must fit longest line of text throughout and be 1 point in width
Second level bullet same size text as first level (but less line spacing)
Text should appear centred on slide
Notes and Tips
All text should be in Title Case
16-20 point font size (best fit)
Box must fit longest line of text throughout and be 1 point in width
Second level bullet same size text as first level (but less line spacing)
Text should appear centred on slide
Notes and Tips
All text should be in Title Case
16-20 point font size (best fit)
Box must fit longest line of text throughout and be 1 point in width
Second level bullet same size text as first level (but less line spacing)
Text should appear centred on slide
Notes and Tips
All text should be in Title Case
16-20 point font size (best fit)
Box must fit longest line of text throughout and be 1 point in width
Second level bullet same size text as first level (but less line spacing)
Text should appear centred on slide
Notes and Tips
All text should be in Title Case
16-20 point font size (best fit)
Box must fit longest line of text throughout and be 1 point in width
Second level bullet same size text as first level (but less line spacing)
Text should appear centred on slide
Notes and Tips
All text should be in Title Case
16-20 point font size (best fit)
Box must fit longest line of text throughout and be 1 point in width
Second level bullet same size text as first level (but less line spacing)
Text should appear centred on slide
Notes and Tips
All text should be in Title Case
16-20 point font size (best fit)
Box must fit longest line of text throughout and be 1 point in width
Second level bullet same size text as first level (but less line spacing)
Text should appear centred on slide
Notes and Tips
All text should be in Title Case
16-20 point font size (best fit)
Box must fit longest line of text throughout and be 1 point in width
Second level bullet same size text as first level (but less line spacing)
Text should appear centred on slide
Notes and Tips
All text should be in Title Case
16-20 point font size (best fit)
Box must fit longest line of text throughout and be 1 point in width
Second level bullet same size text as first level (but less line spacing)
Text should appear centred on slide
Notes and Tips
All text should be in Title Case
16-20 point font size (best fit)
Box must fit longest line of text throughout and be 1 point in width
Second level bullet same size text as first level (but less line spacing)
Text should appear centred on slide
Notes and Tips
All text should be in Title Case
16-20 point font size (best fit)
Box must fit longest line of text throughout and be 1 point in width
Second level bullet same size text as first level (but less line spacing)
Text should appear centred on slide
Notes and Tips
All text should be in Title Case
16-20 point font size (best fit)
Box must fit longest line of text throughout and be 1 point in width
Second level bullet same size text as first level (but less line spacing)
Text should appear centred on slide
Notes and Tips
All text should be in Title Case
16-20 point font size (best fit)
Box must fit longest line of text throughout and be 1 point in width
Second level bullet same size text as first level (but less line spacing)
Text should appear centred on slide
Notes and Tips
All text should be in Title Case
16-20 point font size (best fit)
Box must fit longest line of text throughout and be 1 point in width
Second level bullet same size text as first level (but less line spacing)
Text should appear centred on slide
Notes and Tips
All text should be in Title Case
16-20 point font size (best fit)
Box must fit longest line of text throughout and be 1 point in width
Second level bullet same size text as first level (but less line spacing)
Text should appear centred on slide
Notes and Tips
All text should be in Title Case
16-20 point font size (best fit)
Box must fit longest line of text throughout and be 1 point in width
Second level bullet same size text as first level (but less line spacing)
Text should appear centred on slide
Notes and Tips
All text should be in Title Case
16-20 point font size (best fit)
Box must fit longest line of text throughout and be 1 point in width
Second level bullet same size text as first level (but less line spacing)
Text should appear centred on slide
Notes and Tips
All text should be in Title Case
16-20 point font size (best fit)
Box must fit longest line of text throughout and be 1 point in width
Second level bullet same size text as first level (but less line spacing)
Text should appear centred on slide
Notes and Tips
All text should be in Title Case
16-20 point font size (best fit)
Box must fit longest line of text throughout and be 1 point in width
Second level bullet same size text as first level (but less line spacing)
Text should appear centred on slide
Notes and Tips
All text should be in Title Case
16-20 point font size (best fit)
Box must fit longest line of text throughout and be 1 point in width
Second level bullet same size text as first level (but less line spacing)
Text should appear centred on slide
Notes and Tips
All text should be in Title Case
16-20 point font size (best fit)
Box must fit longest line of text throughout and be 1 point in width
Second level bullet same size text as first level (but less line spacing)
Text should appear centred on slide
Notes and Tips
All text should be in Title Case
16-20 point font size (best fit)
Box must fit longest line of text throughout and be 1 point in width
Second level bullet same size text as first level (but less line spacing)
Text should appear centred on slide
Notes and Tips
All text should be in Title Case
16-20 point font size (best fit)
Box must fit longest line of text throughout and be 1 point in width
Second level bullet same size text as first level (but less line spacing)
Text should appear centred on slide
Notes and Tips
All text should be in Title Case
16-20 point font size (best fit)
Box must fit longest line of text throughout and be 1 point in width
Second level bullet same size text as first level (but less line spacing)
Text should appear centred on slide
Notes and Tips
All text should be in Title Case
16-20 point font size (best fit)
Box must fit longest line of text throughout and be 1 point in width
Second level bullet same size text as first level (but less line spacing)
Text should appear centred on slide
Notes and Tips
All text should be in Title Case
16-20 point font size (best fit)
Box must fit longest line of text throughout and be 1 point in width
Second level bullet same size text as first level (but less line spacing)
Text should appear centred on slide
Notes and Tips
All text should be in Title Case
16-20 point font size (best fit)
Box must fit longest line of text throughout and be 1 point in width
Second level bullet same size text as first level (but less line spacing)
Text should appear centred on slide
Notes and Tips
All text should be in Title Case
16-20 point font size (best fit)
Box must fit longest line of text throughout and be 1 point in width
Second level bullet same size text as first level (but less line spacing)
Text should appear centred on slide
Notes and Tips
All text should be in Title Case
16-20 point font size (best fit)
Box must fit longest line of text throughout and be 1 point in width
Second level bullet same size text as first level (but less line spacing)
Text should appear centred on slide
Notes and Tips
All text should be in Title Case
16-20 point font size (best fit)
Box must fit longest line of text throughout and be 1 point in width
Second level bullet same size text as first level (but less line spacing)
Text should appear centred on slide
Notes and Tips
All text should be in Title Case
16-20 point font size (best fit)
Box must fit longest line of text throughout and be 1 point in width
Second level bullet same size text as first level (but less line spacing)
Text should appear centred on slide
Notes and Tips
All text should be in Title Case
16-20 point font size (best fit)
Box must fit longest line of text throughout and be 1 point in width
Second level bullet same size text as first level (but less line spacing)
Text should appear centred on slide
Notes and Tips
All text should be in Title Case
16-20 point font size (best fit)
Box must fit longest line of text throughout and be 1 point in width
Second level bullet same size text as first level (but less line spacing)
Text should appear centred on slide
Notes and Tips
All text should be in Title Case
16-20 point font size (best fit)
Box must fit longest line of text throughout and be 1 point in width
Second level bullet same size text as first level (but less line spacing)
Text should appear centred on slide
Notes and Tips
All text should be in Title Case
16-20 point font size (best fit)
Box must fit longest line of text throughout and be 1 point in width
Second level bullet same size text as first level (but less line spacing)
Text should appear centred on slide
Notes and Tips
All text should be in Title Case
16-20 point font size (best fit)
Box must fit longest line of text throughout and be 1 point in width
Second level bullet same size text as first level (but less line spacing)
Text should appear centred on slide
Notes and Tips
All text should be in Title Case
16-20 point font size (best fit)
Box must fit longest line of text throughout and be 1 point in width
Second level bullet same size text as first level (but less line spacing)
Text should appear centred on slide
Notes and Tips
All text should be in Title Case
16-20 point font size (best fit)
Box must fit longest line of text throughout and be 1 point in width
Second level bullet same size text as first level (but less line spacing)
Text should appear centred on slide
Notes and Tips
All text should be in Title Case
16-20 point font size (best fit)
Box must fit longest line of text throughout and be 1 point in width
Second level bullet same size text as first level (but less line spacing)
Text should appear centred on slide
Notes and Tips
All text should be in Title Case
16-20 point font size (best fit)
Box must fit longest line of text throughout and be 1 point in width
Second level bullet same size text as first level (but less line spacing)
Text should appear centred on slide
Notes and Tips
All text should be in Title Case
16-20 point font size (best fit)
Box must fit longest line of text throughout and be 1 point in width
Second level bullet same size text as first level (but less line spacing)
Text should appear centred on slide
Notes and Tips
All text should be in Title Case
16-20 point font size (best fit)
Box must fit longest line of text throughout and be 1 point in width
Second level bullet same size text as first level (but less line spacing)
Text should appear centred on slide
Notes and Tips
All text should be in Title Case
16-20 point font size (best fit)
Box must fit longest line of text throughout and be 1 point in width
Second level bullet same size text as first level (but less line spacing)
Text should appear centred on slide
Notes and Tips
All text should be in Title Case
16-20 point font size (best fit)
Box must fit longest line of text throughout and be 1 point in width
Second level bullet same size text as first level (but less line spacing)
Text should appear centred on slide
Notes and Tips
All text should be in Title Case
16-20 point font size (best fit)
Box must fit longest line of text throughout and be 1 point in width
Second level bullet same size text as first level (but less line spacing)
Text should appear centred on slide
Notes and Tips
All text should be in Title Case
16-20 point font size (best fit)
Box must fit longest line of text throughout and be 1 point in width
Second level bullet same size text as first level (but less line spacing)
Text should appear centred on slide
Notes and Tips
All text should be in Title Case
16-20 point font size (best fit)
Box must fit longest line of text throughout and be 1 point in width
Second level bullet same size text as first level (but less line spacing)
Text should appear centred on slide
Notes and Tips
Once again, keep text separate from boxes
In cases where an organisation chart is going to have too many levels of boxes, try using the design above (ie. for sub sections)
Connectors should be used as much as possible
All boxes and lines should have a 1 point thickness - although if there are too many on a slide it may be better to reduce the thickness to points
Notes and Tips
All text should be in Title Case
16-20 point font size (best fit)
Box must fit longest line of text throughout and be 1 point in width
Second level bullet same size text as first level (but less line spacing)
Text should appear centred on slide
Notes and Tips
All text should be in Title Case
16-20 point font size (best fit)
Box must fit longest line of text throughout and be 1 point in width
Second level bullet same size text as first level (but less line spacing)
Text should appear centred on slide
Notes and Tips
All text should be in Title Case
16-20 point font size (best fit)
Box must fit longest line of text throughout and be 1 point in width
Second level bullet same size text as first level (but less line spacing)
Text should appear centred on slide
Notes and Tips
All text should be in Title Case
16-20 point font size (best fit)
Box must fit longest line of text throughout and be 1 point in width
Second level bullet same size text as first level (but less line spacing)
Text should appear centred on slide
Notes and Tips
All text should be in Title Case
16-20 point font size (best fit)
Box must fit longest line of text throughout and be 1 point in width
Second level bullet same size text as first level (but less line spacing)
Text should appear centred on slide
Notes and Tips
All text should be in Title Case
16-20 point font size (best fit)
Box must fit longest line of text throughout and be 1 point in width
Second level bullet same size text as first level (but less line spacing)
Text should appear centred on slide
Notes and Tips
All text should be in Title Case
16-20 point font size (best fit)
Box must fit longest line of text throughout and be 1 point in width
Second level bullet same size text as first level (but less line spacing)
Text should appear centred on slide
Notes and Tips
All text should be in Title Case
16-20 point font size (best fit)
Box must fit longest line of text throughout and be 1 point in width
Second level bullet same size text as first level (but less line spacing)
Text should appear centred on slide
Notes and Tips
All text should be in Title Case
16-20 point font size (best fit)
Box must fit longest line of text throughout and be 1 point in width
Second level bullet same size text as first level (but less line spacing)
Text should appear centred on slide
Notes and Tips
All text should be in Title Case
16-20 point font size (best fit)
Box must fit longest line of text throughout and be 1 point in width
Second level bullet same size text as first level (but less line spacing)
Text should appear centred on slide
