ֻ19जֻ5௹ ֹ ॓ ࿐ 1999୍10ᄅ SCIENTIAGEOGRA PHICASINICA Oct.,1999 ໓ᅣщݼ:1000-0690(1999)05-0437-05੪ႳႳᨘࠃֹთቆކ࣮吴承照(࠶ն࿐ڄࣟ॓࿐࣮෮,ഈݚ200092)ᅋေ:ᆌؓ൧ӆ֝ཟ֥੪Ⴓषؿᅞა੪Ⴓֹܿ߃ഡ࠹֥ᆜކ໙ี,ՖႳᨘ࢘؇ฐษࢳथᆃ၂໙ี֥ٚمބඌ,ં໓ٳ༅ਔႳᨘླაႳᨘࠃaഡീބߌᆭࡗ֥ཌྷܱ༢,ಪູ੪Ⴓֹ൞ႮႳᨘࠃaഡീބߌࠣఃᆦӻ༢ቆӮ,੪Ⴓֹܿ߃֥ᇏྏଽಸ൞Ⴓᨘܿ߃,ႳᨘࠃֹთቆކऎႵ4ᇕোa3ᇕଆൔbܱ Ս:Ⴓᨘࠃ;ֹთቆކᇏٳোݼ: ໓ངѓ്:A ሧჷა൧ӆ൞੪Ⴓषؿაܿ߃֥ਆ۱ࠎЧ໙थקਔದো݂߭ሱಖ֥௴ђႳᨘླ,ުᆀႳᨘࠃ,ีંഈ,੪Ⴓषؿܿ߃ေၛ൧ӆູ֝ཟ,ᄝ੪aഡീაߌऎႵޓնֹ֥თҵၳྟ[1~4]bႳ۽ӱൌᇏೂޅϜ൧ӆ֝ཟᆃ၂ವކႿ੪ႳؓႳᨘླ֥Ϝᇶေ๙ݖטҰࣥ,۴ऌႳֹܿ߃ഡ࠹ᇏ,൞ଢభ૫ਢ֥၂۱ี,Ч໓Ֆຓֹᨘ൧ӆࢲܒ֥၂Ϯหᆘ,ؓหק֥൧ӆࣉྛטҰaႳᨘ࢘؇ฐษࢳथᆃ၂໙ี֥ࣥbႳᨘ൞ᄝ༽༫ٳ༅ࡎބყҩླ,၂ϮႳᨘླٳ8ো: ݂߭ൈࡗଽ෮ؿള֥ࠒࠞࡲू֥ࠃ,ٳ൩ଽࠃބሱಖ, ྨ༏٢, ᄹࣉაႶ֥ܱ༢, ჹದຓႳᨘਆնো,੪Ⴓ၂Ϯٳ܄ༀྟ੪ႳބႳᨘྟ੪ಕ,ཚ൳ܛ, ఼ദࡲ,ุ ࠆ֤ྍᆩ്, ุဒྍႳ,Ⴓᨘა੪Ⴓ൞ཌྷЇݣܱ༢,ؓႿ၂۱ऎุ֥੪ࣜဒ, ܓbᆃུླॖၛ๙ݖҕࡆଖུႳᨘࠃႳ,ֹ൞ႮႳᨘࠃaഡീބߌࠣఃᆦӻ༢(ࢌটൌགྷ(і1),Վຓླߎླေႄ֝ބՏࠗb๙aႂൊaᇾී֩)ቆӮ,੪Ⴓֹܿ߃֥ᇏྏଽಸ൞Ⴓᨘܿ߃,Ⴓᨘࠃaഡീაߌ൞Ⴓᨘܿ߃෮ေࢳथ2 Ⴓᨘࠃᆭࡗཌྷܱ༢֥ܱ໙,ี္൞ა൧ӆླ৳༢ቋૡ్֥҆ٳb၂Ⴓֹᨘॖၛषᅚ۲ᇕႳᨘࠃ,۲ཛࠃᆭࡗཌྷܱ༢ᇶေႵၛ༯ࠫো:1 ႳᨘࠃაႳᨘླᆭࡗ֥ܱ༢৵෭ܱ༢:၂ཛࠃ֥ؿള߶ջఃࠃ֥Ⴓᨘླ൞၂۱ሸކۀ,Їওࠃླaߌؿള,ೂݚўႳႣؓဝფa೬ფ֥৵෭ྟbླaุဒླa൬ࠆླބડၩླ5۱ٚ૫,ડၩԊܱ༢:ਆཛࠃᄝ၂ॢࡗؿളཌྷԊ,൞ᇔࠞଢѓbοᅶڠઌ၈֣ၩ്ҪՑં,మၩ്ᄓೂחა߃ԯaᗻਝაbტሢದ֥ჰླေა౦ۋ,൞ളଁ֥ჰ৯,ሹ൞οܴആܱ༢:၂ཛࠃӮູФܴആ֥ؓའႄؿԛᅶ ॹুჰᄵ ಀࠆ֤ડቀ,थקದ֥ಆ҆Ⴕၩ്֥ളਸ਼၂ཛࠃ,ೂ߁࿒აڄܴࣟആbࠃ,మၩ്Їওളྟమၩ്ބഠ߶ྟమၩ്bభᆀཌྷ:ܱਆཛࠃॖၛᄝ၂ॢࡗؿള,҂൞ᄝӉ௹֥ሱಖࣉ߄ᇏྙӮ,֥थקਔದ҂ॖିष႕ཙ,ೂחა҄bሱಖطളթ,ުᆀ൞ದোഠ߶ൎ໓ૼᄝದোమၩ്ཌྷԊ֥Ⴓᨘࠃ҂֤ܿ߃Ⴟ၂ॢࡗ,ऎᇏ֥ࠒ,іགྷູದ֥໓߄Ԯބളࠃٚൔ,໓߄МႵ৵෭ܱ༢aܴആܱ༢֥Ⴓᨘࠃᄝܿ߃ᇏႋԉٳࣟ҂,༽༫Ⴈٚൔ҂,іགྷູቂᆭࡗ֥ҵၳa০Ⴈఃॢࡗഈ֥ܱ৳ྟ,ཌྷࢹࣟ,ކ҃अbᄝႳתٚದა༆ٚದᆭࡗ֥ҵၳ,֩طෛሢࣜ࠶ഠ߶ֹ֥ᨘܿ߃ᇏ൮༵ࣼေ۴ऌఃۿିק,໊ਙԛ۲ཛႳ҂؎э߄,ਆᆀᄝႳᨘྙഈ္Ⴕૼཁّ֥႘,భᆀᨘࠃ,ٳ༅۲ཛࠃᆭࡗཌྷܱ༢,ၛі2ູ২b൬۠ರ௹:1998-03-17;ྩרರ௹:1999-05-24ቔᆀࡥࢺ:ӵᅶ(1964-),ଳ,Ѱൖ,ᇶေՖ൙༽༫Ⴓᨘ࿐a੪Ⴓܿ߃ބڄࣟ॓࿐࣮b
4 38 ֹ ॓ ࿐ 19जі1 ႳᨘࠃაႳᨘླᆭࡗ֥၂Ϯܱ༢Table1 ThegeneralrelationsbetweenrecreationactivitiesandrecreationdemandsႳ ᨘ ࠃ ့ܴܴۚႳሱຩႂฐആႏആغၜྛ౯ഝვࠌ๋߁Ⴓ߃Լൊڄ֨ܓ٠ႳᨘླࣟۚႏᆱڏઔӚࠃӚ౯ᄀરᗻඣႣੀԯח့౯ਝႶ݂߭ሱಖRRRRRRRྨ༏٢RRRRRRRRRRRRჹದಕཚ൳ܛRRRRR఼ദࡲุRRRRRRRRࠆ֤ྍᆩ്RRRRุဒྍࣜဒRRRRRRRRႂൊܓRRRᄹࣉაႶ֥ܱ༢RRRRRRRRRRRRR Rཌྷܱі2 ඣഈႳᨘࠃ֥ཌྷܱ༢Table2 TherelationsbetweenwaterrecreationactivitiesႳႣח߃ԯႳ๘وϰమඣ߁ඣԊশඣഈ๋ੀႳ ႣCCCCRCCRRח CCCCCCCC߃ ԯRCRCNRRႳ ๘RRRRRRو ϰRRRRNమ ඣRRRNԊ শRNඣഈ๋N ੀ R࡙ಸ(ཌྷܱ) Nܱ CԊ(҂࡙ಸ)3 Ⴓᨘࠃაߌ֥ܱ༢ႵུႳᨘࠃླေ၇ঠห൹֥ሱಖߌ,ೂݚඣფaమඣ֩ࠃླေބߏ֥೬ฅaࢱ࣡ౢӟ֥ݚߌ൞Ⴓᨘࠃؿള֥ॢࡗࠎԤ,Ⴓᨘࠃაඣ;Ⴕུࠃ҂ླห൹֥ሱಖߌ,ླնਈሧЧ֥ߌ֥ܱ༢൞ದֹ༢ᇏ֥ܱ༢ᆭ၂,ֹᇉֹષaඣ,ೊۚغڏ౯ӆ,ఃೂЌਭ౯ܶaຩ౯ӆaࠏྀ໓గའaᆱၛࠣള༢֥ࢲܒა໗קྟ֩Ⴓুჳ֩൞ದֹູࡹഡ۲ᇕഡീ֝ೆ۲ᇕႳᨘࠃ႕ཙႳᨘࠃ֥࿊ᄴބषᅚ,ູਔॖӻ࿃ؿᅚ,Ⴓᨘ[7,8]bᄝሱಖߌᇏഡീᄀഒ,ሱಖ؇ᄀۚ,ഡീܿ߃сྶၛЌߌ༢໗קྟູሙᄵ,Ⴓᨘߌᄀ؟,གྷս߄ӱ؇ᄀ,ۚࠃaഡീაߌ֥ܱ༢ೂಸਈ൞טࢫਆᆀܱ༢֥ᇗေᆷѓ,ՖࢫჿሧაЌі4෮ൕbߌਆٚ૫ԛؿ,Ⴓᨘൡֹྟ൞Ⴓᨘܿ߃֥ჰᄵᆭ၂,҂ֹ֥ྙ؇aߌ่ࡱषᅚ҂֥Ⴓᨘࠃ5 Ⴓᨘࠃቆކაֹთᇂଆൔ[5,6],ၛі3ູ২ ႳᨘࠃቆކࠣఃࢲܒིၭႳᨘࠃॖٳູোა༢ਙਆ۱ٚ૫,ૄ၂ো4 Ⴓᨘࠃaഡീაߌ֥ཌྷܱ༢ႳᨘࠃՖཨٮඣ࢘؇ॖٳູۚaᇏa֖֮༢ਙ,ഡീ൞Ⴓᨘࠃაߌᆭࡗ֥ૂࢺ,۴ऌߌޅ၂۱Ⴓֹᨘ൞Ⴎࠫ۱҂োႳᨘࠃࠣఃหᆘᄹࡆ၂ུഡീࣼॖၛႄ֝၂ུႳᨘࠃ֥षૄ၂োࠃᇏ֥ଖ၂༢ਙቆӮ,োა༢ਙ֥ቆކᅚ,ࠃaഡീაߌᆭࡗ֥ܱ༢ᇶေႵਆᇕো:ॖၛٳູ4ᇕଆൔ:၂൞,၂၂ؓႋܱ༢,ؽ൞,၂ؓ؟ܱ༢bభᆀೂ1)ֆ༢ਙ؟োቆކଆൔ ᆃ၂োଆൔၛᄃڄܴࣟࣟა֨aࠃ֥ܱ༢,ۚغڏ౯ӆህӬ൧܄ჳູսі,бࢠ௴ђ,ቔູնᇙ߄֥ྨ༽ॢ܂յۚغڏ౯ᆭႨ;ުᆀೂܼখ֥ඣთ,ॖၛषᅚႳࡗ,ರӈ۲োྨ༽ࠃ൬ٮ֮,ҕაದඔ؟(1a),Ⴃaחaٗᇚaوԯ֩۲ཛࠃbTᇠູোᇠ,Sᇠູ༢ਙᇠ,ᆃোଆൔॖۀও:ູ
5௹ ӵᅶ֩:੪ႳႳᨘࠃֹთቆކ࣮ 4 39 і3 Ⴓᨘࠃაߌ่ࡱ֥ൡႋྟTable3 TherelationsbetweenrecreationactivitiesandenvironmentconditionsႳᨘࠃఎ҄ᗻхх߁ਸሱఎࡐ٦့ۚ໑֨੪ਝඅݥ࿒ѢྛઔӚཕႏغ߃ݚڏԯඣחႳ๘ಅߌ่ࡱۚྛӚფფ1ѓۚB2ౠོAAAAABAAABBBB3ඣ೬ฅA4шݚшB5ֹષAAAAABAABAAABBB6໑ಅBBBBBBBBA7గ໑BBAABBBBBBBBB8ࠒ࿒ਈBBAABBBBBBBB9ඣധAAA10ඣ໑AB11ӖੀBBB12ੀAA13Ґࠢؓའ൵A14ऎBA15ݚ16ࠃඣ૫AAAAA17ԫ18ඣ ᇉAAAB ᇿ:(1)A൞൳ߌ่ࡱཋᇅ֥ࠃཛଢ;(2)B൞൳ߌ่ࡱ֥ཋᇅطӮڸඋࠃ֥ཛଢ,ҕॉ ܴܻႳᨘ࠹߃ 1975୍ರЧщ,1980୍ຖၲbі4 Ⴓᨘࠃaഡീაߌ֥ܱ༢Table4 Therelationsamongrecreationactivities,theirfacilitiesandtheirenvironmentഡߌࠃീሱ ಖ϶ ሱ ಖ϶གྷս߄གྷս߄1 ֨ആࣟ؇ն؇ࢠնࢠ֮؇֮؇2 ൌֹ༝ӆ3 ႏߙ့٤ᆞൔӆֹႵህഡീ4 ့Ҕߙ့٤ᆞൔӆֹႵህഡീ5 ཬᇾීમҤரۚࠩљඒ6 ඣഈࠃߙ့ඣ૫ህഡീ(൩ଽ)7 ໑ಅფ฿ಖფӽದ۽ൡ؇ྩᆜ֥ფӽ൩ଽფӽ8 ॓࿐ֹ࣮ᇉaളॉҳѓЧa໓ሳ࣮9 ആ့໑൩Ҥ10 ߁Ӛ߁֡߁ా11 ఎሱྛӚᄀ့Ⴕਅݺਫ਼૫m SnTi=SnT1+SnT2+SnT3+...+SnTmi=1၂Ϯၛն੪Ⴓࠇ؇ࡌູսі,ॖषᅚ֥Ⴓᨘ 2)؟༢ਙֆোቆކଆൔ ᆃোଆൔၛህࠃޓ؟,۲ཛࠃ֥ཨٮඣ္҂ཌྷ,੪Ⴓᆀॖ߄֥Ⴓᨘӆ෮ູսі,ೂۚغڏ౯ӆaूگਏအ؇ၛႵ࿊ᄴֹҕა(1c),ᆃোଆൔॖၛіඍ:ࡌ഻ֹ֩,ूگࠃೂڵသሰფa૫ଇaԊࠌӑലѯaࣵფaऴ٥ფaႳႣ,ຩ౯a҄,֩؇ࡌըႮཬଡ SiTj=S1T1+S4T1+S3T2aљඒa܄ქaٖ֩ቆӮ(1b)bᆃোଆൔॖၛ+S2T3+S4T4+...іඍ 4)؟༢ਙ؟োቆކଆൔ ᆃোଆൔ൞၂:nᇕམሑ,ಆ૫ડቀ۲ᇕোႳग़֥۲ᇕླ,ൌ SiTm=S1Tm+S2Tm+...+SnTm࠽ഈ၂۱੪Ⴓֹ൞ޓቓ֥֞(1d)bᆃোଆൔi=1 3)؟༢ਙ؟ো࿊ᄴቆކଆൔ ᆃোଆൔॖіඍ:ູ
4 40 ֹ ॓ ࿐ 19जS1T1S1T2...S1Tmჿඏ่ࡱ:A1UA2UA3...UAm=CmnnmSm2T1S2T2...S2Tm SiJi=ߌིၭ Ei 0i=1i=1i=1............mSࣜ࠶ིၭ ECi 0nT1SnT2...SnTmi=1m ᄝऎุܿ߃ᇏ,࿊ᄴહဢ֥ଆൔ౼थႿႳᨘഠ߶ིၭ Si 0ֹۿିק໊ၛࠣႳᨘࠃቆކ֥ࢲܒིၭ,ࡌഡૄi=1၂ཛࠃೂ߃ԯaഝࠌa֩ٳљቔູ၂۱ჭൔᇏ UູႳᨘࠃቆކࢲܒིၭ(ႳིᨘႨ),CmnՖnAi,ପહ۱Ⴓᨘࠃ(ჭ)ᇏ࿊౼m۱ࠃ(ჭ:)֥ቆކbmaxU=maxf(A1UA2UA3...UAm)1 Ⴓᨘࠃቆކଆൔ(a.ֆ༢ਙ؟োቆކଆൔ;b.؟༢ਙֆোቆކଆൔ;c.؟༢ਙ؟ো࿊ᄴቆކଆൔ;d.؟༢ਙ؟োቆކଆൔ);;; Ⴓᨘࠃֹ֥თᇂൔbᄝႳֹᨘۿିק໊აࠃቆކҦ߃ࠎԤഈ,۴1)ׄሑଆൔ ᆃোଆൔೂ2a෮ൕ,۲োऌࠃaഡീ֥ေაߌหׄࣉྛॢࡗ҃अ Ⴓᨘࠃೂחaၜaศၜaіဆaჳၜaুaഎֹთᇂ,ᇂଆൔᇶေႵׄሑaཌሑބॶሑ3ᇕ,ो,ຩ౯֩ٳ҃अ,๙ݖႳফ֡ਫ਼Ϝ۲ཛࠃ৳༢ః۷گᄖ֥ଆൔೂຩሑॖၛࡥ߄ٳࢳູᆃ3ᇕଆఏটྙӮ၂۱ᆜุb2 Ⴓᨘࠃֹთᇂଆൔ(a.ׄሑଆൔ;b.ཌሑଆൔ;c.ॶሑଆൔ);; Spatiallayoutmodelsofrecreationactivities 2)ཌሑଆൔ ᆃোଆൔᇶေၛሱಖֆჭູ؟ڄ഻ࣟႳᨘࠃ֥҃अ္൞ခሢ่ࠫᇶေႳМࣟ,ೂފੀaρཌ,֩၂Ϯଆൔೂ2b෮ൕbޓཌषᅚ,֥൞ཌሑଆൔ֥گކb
5௹ ӵᅶ֩:੪ႳႳᨘࠃֹთቆކ࣮ 4 41 3)ॶሑଆൔ ᆃোଆൔԛགྷႿ૫ࠒࢠն֥੪֥ࠎԤഈࣉྛॶሑषؿ,োරႿቆଆൔ֥षؿ,Ⴓषؿaڄࣟࠇݓࡅ܄ჳ,ᄝߌٳࠇۿିٳྙӮႳᨘࠏ߶ਙ(ROS),၂Ϯଆൔೂ2c෮ൕbі5 Ⴓᨘࠏ߶ਙࠣఃषؿหᆘTable5 Recreationopportunityspectrumanditscharactersofdevelopmentਙหሱ ಖ϶ሱಖ϶གྷսགྷ սᆘ๙ղྟޓ ޓಸၞഠ߶ದࢤԨ ࣜӈࢤԨ٤Ⴓᨘषؿ҂ཌྷಸ ཌྷಸഡീીႵ ఊಆaٚьൽൡॖࢤ൳Ⴓग़Ԋࠌӱ؇ޓ(ੱޓ֮) ޓۚ(ੱޓۚ)ࣜႏܵࡥֆ گᄖ6 ࢲ ეҕॉ໓ང:ഈඍࠫ۱ٚ૫֥ٳ༅[1] ,ቋᇔࢳथਔ၂۱໙,ีषؿაܿ߃ೂޅ၂ุ߄?ೂޅϜ൧ӆ֝ཟઋൌ֞andManagement[M].London:E&.,1983.ऎุ֥ܿ߃ഡ࠹ᇏ,Ӊ௹ၛটਆᆀᆭࡗಌഒ၂۱ߌ[2] ManuelBand BovyandFredLawson,TourismandRecreationDevelopment[M].,1997.ࢫ,۲ྛః൞,֝ᇁषؿᅞၛऎุ߄,ܿ߃ၹಌ[3] ,AnIntegratedandSustain ഒᅞᆷ֝ऎႵࢠնଢ,ྟೂޅϜਆᆀࢲކఏট?ableDevelopmentApproach[M].NewYork,1991.ᆃൌ࠽ഈ൞ေϜषؿҪ૫ഈ֥ۿିᅞაܿ߃Ҫ[4] DaleGrenier,etal..Ecotouism,LandscapeArchitectureandUrban૫ഈ֥ࠃaഡീaߌሸކఏট,ၛཛଢູ୧ջ,ཛPlanning[J],LandscapeandUrbanPlanning,,1-16.ଢ࠻൞षؿ࣮֥ऎุ߄,Ⴛ൞ܿ߃ഡ࠹֥ऎุൌ[5] :AConflictingRecreationActivityintheMadridAutonomousArea(Spain)[J].Landscape,ุ๙ݖܿ߃ഡ࠹၂༢ਙࠃaഡീߌটൌགྷཛଢandUrbanPlanning,1993,23,209-220.෮ေ֥ۿ,ି၂Ϯӱೂ༯:[6] torstoSpanishNationalParks[J].LandscapeandUrbanPlan ning,,145-160.[7] ӵᅶ.གྷսӬ൧Ⴓᨘܿ߃ഡ࠹ંაٚم[M].Кࣘ:ᇏݓࡹᇽ۽ြԛϱഠ,1998,11.[8] ӵᅶ.གྷս੪Ⴓܿ߃ഡ࠹ჰაٚم[M].ౝ֛:ౝ֛ԛϱഠ, zhao(LandscapeScienceResearchInstitute,TongjiUniversity,Shanghai200092)Abstract:,recreationactivities,facilitiesandtheirenviron ment,andhastheconclusionsthatatouristresortconsistsofrecreationactivities,facilities,environmentandtheirsupportingsystem,,:Recreationactivity;Combinationinspace
