ᇏݓള୪ြ࿐Б 2009୍11ᄅ ֻ17ज ֻ6௹ Chinese Journal of Eco-Agriculture, Nov. 2009, 17(6): 1252−1258 DOI: 10. 3724/ *༆സ҂୪ြളোିᆴбࢠ࣮ 1,2123王闰平 荣湘民 侯希红 高志强 (1. ଲ୪ြն࿐ሧჷߌ࿐ჽ Ӊ೬ 410128; 2. ༆୪ြն࿐ࣜ࠶સၞ࿐ჽ ܡ 030801; 3. ༆୪ြն࿐୪࿐ჽ ܡ 030801) ᅋ ေ 应用能值分析方法, 对山西省不同农业生态类型区的发展状况、生产效率和环境负荷进行比较分析−2与评价。结果表明: 优等类型区能值投入总量较大, 集约化程度较高(能值功率密度+12 sej·m), 但人力能值投入过多(占能值投入总量的%), 工业辅助能值投入相对偏低, 制约了人力能值的发挥, 因而净能值产出率低(), 环境压力较大()。提高该类型区生产效率的途径在于转移农业剩余劳动力, 同时增加工业辅助能、特别是高科技含量的工业辅助能的投入。中等类型区工业辅助能值(占能值投入总量的%)与人力能值(占能值投入总量的%)配合较好, 能值产出总量大, 净能值产出率高(), 农业生产效率较高, 但仍需加强科技能值的投入, 以进一步提高系统效率。差等类型区环境条件恶劣, 农业生产经营方式粗放, 能值产出总量和生产效率都很低。如果该类型区能合理布局种植业、牧业、林业、渔业等生产功能区, 注意规模化和集约化生产, 则农业生产效率可能会有新的提高。 ܱՍ 山西省 农业生态类型区 能值分析 生产效率 ᇏٳোݼ: Q148 ໓ངѓ്: A ໓ᅣщݼ: 1671-3990(2009)06-1252-07 Emergy comparison for different agro-ecological regions in Shanxi Province 1,2123WANG Run-Ping, RONG Xiang-Min, HOU Xi-Hong, GAO Zhi-Qiang (1. College of Resources and Environment, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China; 2. College of Economy and Trade, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu 030801, China; 3. College of Agriculture, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu 030801, China) Abstract Based on emergy methods, we compared and evaluated development situation, production efficiency and environmental loading of different agro-ecological regions in Shanxi Province. The results show that in the superior agro-ecological region, total −2emergy input and intensive degree (empower density = +12 sejcm) are high. However, human labor emergy is very high (labor emergy ratio = %) and nonrenewable industry supplemental emergy input is low, restricting labor emergy action in the region. Thus emergy yield ratio (EYR) is low () and environmental loading ratio (ELR) is high (). One way to improve pro-ductive efficiency in the superior agro-ecological region is transferring superfluous labor from agriculture to other industries while increasing industry supplemental emergy input (especially high-tech industry supplemental emergy input). In the middlle agro-ecological region, the combination of labor emergy (labor emergy ratio = %) and industry supplemental emergy (industry supplemental emergy ratio = %) is better. Total emergy yield is high and so is EYR (), showing a high agricultural produc-tion efficiency. However, it is still necessary to reinforce high-tech industry supplemental emergy input in order to further improve agro-ecosystem efficiency. In the inferior agro-ecological region, both total emergy yield and production efficiency are low since the environment is poor and productive methods are highly rough. If agricultural productive areas are rearrange in the region, including planting areas, forestry areas, livestock breeding areas, and fishing areas (with emphasis on dimension and concentrated production), agricultural production efficiency in the region may improve anew. Key words Shanxi Province, Agro-ecological region, Emergy analysis, Production efficiency (Received Nov. 4, 2008; accepted March 13, 2009) * ݓࡅ॓ᆦӪ࠹߃ཛଢ(2006BAD05B10)ሧᇹ ್(1968~), ଳ, ݱቂ, ࢝൱, ᇶေՖ൙୪ြሧჷაള࣮b൬۠ರ௹: 2008-11-04 ࢤ൳ರ௹: 2009-03-13
ֻ6௹ ್֩: ༆സ҂୪ြളোିᆴбࢠ࣮ 1253 ୪ြള༢ቔູದোളթ֥ቋࠎЧ༢, ؓ༆ֹષگᄖ؟ဢ, ಛaඣٳaಣਈ֩ၹ[13]ఃࢲܒބۿିࣉྛٳ༅, ؓሧჷߌࡎᆴࣉྛࡎቆކބֹളӁି৯֥თҵၳޓնb۴ऌᅵၜ࿐ބਈ߄, Ⴕ০Ⴟࡆ఼ದૌؓ୪ြሧჷߌ֥ಪ്ބ֥࣮, ༆സॖٳӮ5۱୪ြളোbھЌၩ്࣮൞Ֆთളգྟ࢘؇ೆ൭, ѩॉ੮֞ఃჰ, ؓႿ୪ြؿᅚथҦऎႵᇗေၩၬbႮႿ୪ြሧჷٳ֥҃҂नᄋྟ, ୪ြള༢ଽग़ܴթᆴ֥ॖࠆ֤ྟࠣሙಒྟ, ࿊౼ਔ႕ཙ༆സ୪ြളᄝሢ҂֥୪ြളোbေႵܱ୪ြᆟҦծ༢֥21۱႕ཙၹ(ࢆඣਈaඟײaѢЋaնീ۷ࡆ్ކൌ࠽, ۷ࡆ॓࿐ކ, ࣼ҂ିޭ൪҂ڄa୍नగ໑a10 ¥୍ࠒ໑aቔളტ௹नඣ୪ြളো֥ҵၳb༆സֹԩߛۚჰת҆ٳಌਈaದनֹ૫ࠒaቔֆӁaߙߙֹߙ, ૫ࠒaඣࢎ(ඣโ)ֹ/ݬֹaಛႵࠏᇉݣਈaದ१Ԓૡ֥6նனֹ(նaඬᇜaྎקaჰaᄎ۶ֹ૫ࠒ/۶ֹሹ૫ࠒaफ़ᆱᆷඔa೦ਟڭۂੱaದӬaഈ֔)֥ሱಖᆱФၘࠎЧູ୪۶ቔ෮౼ս, ն۽Ҥֹ૫ࠒaള؟ဢྟaಛോଆඔaඣЌ҆ٳֹᇗಌඣ, ඣੀാགྷའٳᇗ, ӻᇍ؇aֹ૫్۩؇aֆֹ໊૫ࠒ୪ြሹӁᆴ), ୪ြള༢ٳգ, ࡆᆭଽֹષگᄖ, ֹྙႋႨህࡅܙمބनᆴԩمࣉྛ࣮, ఃࢲݔࠎఏڙն, ଲКॴ؇Ӊ, ၹՎ୪ြളোҵၳЧّ႘ਔ༆സ୪ြള༢ଽ֥҆თҵၳྟbٳૼཁbЧ໓ႋႨݓ࠽ഈರၭܼٗႋႨ֥ିᆴٳЧ࣮ၛՎٳࢲݔູࠎԤ, ࡼ5۱োކѩູ༅ં, ؓ༆സ҂୪ြളো֥ೆӁԛႪaᇏaҵ3۱֩ࠩ, ࠞႪބႪྮোކѩູႪሑঃaᄎྛིੱބߌڵހ֩໙ีࣉྛбࢠٳ༅, ֩ো, ࢠႪোູᇏ֩ো, ၂Ϯބࢠҵၛ௹ູ༆സ୪ြؿᅚथҦิ܂॓࿐၇ऌ, ൈູোކѩູҵ֩োbႪ֩োᇶေٳ҃ᄝࢳथߛۚჰ୪ြሧჷ০Ⴈᇗն໙ีิ܂၂۱ྍ֥࣋ଲԫaٷފܡֹaഈ֔னֹֹ֥֩ᇏྏֹջ, ં൪့b ЇওຣaౢྷaӉᇍ֩ཅ൧, ھো၂Ϯֹିᆴٳ༅ંაٚم൞ૅݓᇷള࿐ࡅa༢[1−4]٧, ࢌ๙ٚь, ളӁؿղ, ದ१Ԓૡ; ᇏ֩োିਈٳ༅༵౺Odum࢝൱Է৫֥bିᆴٳ༅ٚᇶေٳ҃ᄝඬᇜனֹaྎקனֹ֥ᇏྏֹջࠣ࣋ଲمक़ڛਔԮࣜ࠶ٳ༅აିਈٳ༅ٚممᄝ၂ԫaٷފܡֹaഈ֔னֹ֩თ֥шჸֹջ, ЇԄ؇ഈؓ҂ᇉ֥ሧჷࡎᆴࣉྛਈ߄࠹ෘ֥अཋ, ওჰa࣋Ӭaފࣃ֩ཅ൧, ھো၂Ϯֹሧູਈ߄ٳ༅ሱಖࠣࣜ࠶ࠃ֥Ӂބڛༀิ܂ਔ၂ჷپڶ, طඣሧჷ҂ቀ, ֹളӁି৯උസଽᇏ֩۱၂֥ޙਈѓሙބٚمุ༢, ܼٗႋႨႿؓሱಖඣ; ҵ֩োᇶေٳ҃ᄝת༆, หљ൞࣋ള༢a୪ြള༢a۽ြളӁ༢aӬ൧ള༆К, Їওെੌaնa൰ဝ֩ཅ൧, ھো༢, ၛࠣთള༢ؿᅚགྷሑބॖӻ࿃ྟ֥[5−8]၂ϮᎦሺޘ, ֹྙۚҵն, గ໑ࢠ֮, ඣaaಣٳ༅ࡎbଢభ, ݓଽ୪ြള༢֥ିᆴ࣮ކ௴ђ҂ݺb ᇶေࠢᇏႿಆݓԄ؇ބസთԄ؇, ္ႵᆌؓଖུੀЧ࣮۴ऌၛഈ߃ٳࢲݔ, ᄝ3۱োᇏٳ[9−12]თބཅ൧֥࣮, ؓଖ၂സთ҂୪ြളљ࿊౼ֹ໊ᇂׅa୪ြؿᅚඣൡᇏ֥3۱ཅোࣉྛିᆴбࢠ֥࣮ߎഒБ֡bЧ໓ᆌؓ൧ቔູ҂ো֥ׅսіࣉྛିᆴбࢠٳ༅b༆സ҂୪ြളোିᆴҵၳࣉྛбࢠ ૌٳљ൞ຣཅ(Ⴊ֩ো)aჰ൧(ᇏ֩ো࣮, ᆻᄝູھസ୪ြޡܴथҦิ܂ં၇ऌb )aെੌཅ(ҵ֩ো)bຣཅ໊Ⴟ༆സᄎӬ1 研究区域概况与研究方法 னֹ(࣋ଲ)֥ᇏྏֹջ, ֹԩߛފaٷފࢌ߸ԩ, ୪2ြႨֹ૫ࠒ87 737 hm, Ֆ൙୪ြದ१ຣದ ࣮ۀঃ ଽתູ҆ሑߛۚჰ, ༆ູ҆ߛܡֹ, ᇦ၀༆സ໊ႿྛބߛފᇏႳᆭࡗ(34°′~ ໑ҵն, ܻᅶൈࡗӉ, ୍नగ໑ ¥, ୍ࢆ40°′N, l10°′~l14°′E), ሹ૫ࠒ ຣ2kmbھሹุഈֹູۚჰֹષ, උ໑ջնྟ࠱ਈनູ mm, ඟ௹190 dቐႷ, ູӁਁࠎֹڄగީཅ, ᇶӁਁૣ, ൞Ⴊ֩ো֥ׅսіbჰ൧ֹ, Խ࠱ۄݬ, ༱࠱ۚ໑؟, ౬࠱ඡ, ࠱ݥۄᄲ, ୍ࢆඣਈ400~650 mmԩ༆സКᇏ҆, תਢ, ༆ौୡ, ଲაྎᇜa, ≥10 ¥୍ࠒ໑ −23 000~4 000 ¥, ဝڕഝ4 900~6 000 MJcmbಆקདྷிਣ, Кބսཅaඬᇜࢤಛ, ୪ြႨֹ૫ࠒ 2സ80%ၛഈֹֹູ֥౭ਲ਼, ඣੀാᇗ, ඣ155 184 hm, Ֆ൙୪ြದ१ຣದbଽֹთሧჷ؋ಌbԢᇏଲ҆னֹຓ, ֹᇉਈ၂Ϯޓҵ, খ, ת҆ഹӁඣݔ, ༆҆ঀӁپڶ, ᇏ҆۶ֹ௴ђಌਠഒ, ֹളӁ৯ඣ֮, ᄝಆݓඋԫֹջ୪ତ่ࡱࢠݺ, ୍नగ໑8 ¥ቐႷ, ୍ࢆᇏ֩ொ༯ඣb ਈ500 mmቐႷ, ඟ௹160 d, ൞ᇏ֩ো֥
1254 ᇏݓള୪ြ࿐Б 2009 ֻ17ज ׅսіbെੌཅ໊Ⴟ࣋༆੧ਃ༆ਜ਼, ߛފתρ, Ⴛ൞႕ཙ༢ିᆴੀնཬ֥ᇗေၹ, ॉ੮֞ᆷѓ2୪ြႨֹ૫ࠒ81 410 hm, Ֆ൙୪ြದ१ຣದb֥ॖбྟ, Ч໓ᄝؓ3۱ཅ൧୪ြള༢ࣉྛିଽֹ൝תۚ༆֮, ת҆aᇏଲֹູ҆, ༆҆ބКᆴбࢠٳ༅ൈ؟ҐႨ۲োሧჷିᆴ֥Ϥٳбࠣбੱ҆ࠣӬܱ၂ջनູߛ౭ਲ਼, ಆཅۚ, ᆷѓ, ط҂Ⴈିᆴ֥धؓᆴᆷѓbߐᆭ, ᄝ༢Ꭶሺޘ, ሱಖ่ࡱذਜ, ୍नగ໑ ¥, ୍ࢆਈ૫ࠒ҂֥౦ঃ༯, Ⴈधؓᆴᆷѓၛбࢠԛ༢550 mm, ඟ௹180 d, ൞ҵ֩ো֥ׅսіb ֥ؿᅚሑঃႪਜބིੱ֮ۚb ࣮ٚم 2 结果与分析 Чູ࣮თ୪ြള༢ିᆴٳ༅, ఃٚم ༆സ҂୪ြളোିᆴೆࢲܒбࢠ ൞๙ݖטҰaҩקa࠹ෘބ໓ངෆ෬, ൬ࠢ༆സିᆴೆࢲܒٳ༅ႵᇹႿՖᆜุഈࡎ୪ြ༢ຣཅaჰ൧aെੌཅ3۱҂୪ြളো[14,15]֥ؿᅚඣbႮі1aі3ॖᆩ, ༆സ୪ြളׅཅ2005୍࠹ሧਘބఃཌྷܱҋਘ, ࡼ۲༢ᇶေ֥ିᆴটჷЇও:ॖ۷ྍߌሧჷa҂ॖ۷ᇕᇉބିਈ֥ೆߐෘӮିᆴ, щᇅିᆴٳ༅і, ྍߌሧჷa҂ॖ۷ྍڣᇹିaॖ۷ྍڣᇹି֩ࡹ৫ିᆴᆷѓุ༢, ٳ༅бࢠ༆സ୪ြ༢҂ೆିᆴb༆സຣཅaჰ൧aെੌཅ3۱҂ളো֥ؿᅚགྷሑ, ѩฐษ༆സ୪ြ༢ᆜ୪ြളো༢ିᆴሹੀਈٳљູ+21 ุؿᅚҦbЧ࣮෮ട֥ࠣဝିᆴሇߐੱҕᅶ[16−19]+21 sejބ+20 sejbఃᇏস৯ିᆴOdumࠣUlgiati֥໓ང, ିਈᅼෘ༢ඔҕᅶઍ[20, 21]ೆٳљᅝ༢ሹିᆴੀਈ֥%%aൗૼބӑ֥໓ངb %, іૼದ৯ಯಖ൞୪ြ༢ᇏ֥ᇗေ৯bႵܱିᆴٳ༅ࢲݔਙႿі1~і3bႮႿ෮࿊3ӊߌሧჷିᆴٳљᅝሹିᆴੀਈ֥%a ۱ׅཅ൧֥୪ြႨֹ૫ࠒ҂, ط୪ြႨֹ૫ࠒ 表1 不同农业生态类型区能值投入(2005) Tab. 1 Emergy input of different agricultural ecological type regions in 2005 ჰඔऌ Original data (J, g) ିᆴሇߐੱ ဝିᆴ Solar emergy (sej) ཛଢ Transformity ຣ ჰ െੌ ຣ ჰ െੌ Item −1−1(sejcJ, sejcg)Wanrong YuanpingShilou Wanrong Yuanping Shilou ဝି Solar energy +18 +++00 +18 +18 +18ඣ൝ି Rain geo-potential +15 +++04 +19 +19 +19ඣ߄࿐ି Rain chemical +15 +++04 +19 +20 +19ڄି Wind energy +15 +++03 +18 +18 +18ֹ౯࿖ߌ Earth cycle +15 +++04 +19 +20 +19ॖ۷ྍߌିᆴ +20 +20 +20Renewable environmental emergy іҪാ Topsoil loss +13 +++05 +18 +18 +18҂ॖ۷ྍߌିᆴ +18 +18 +18Nonrenewable environmental emergyሹߌିᆴ +20 +20 +20Total environmental emergy ৯ Electricity +14 +++05 +20 +19 +18߄٧ Chemical fertilizer (g) +10 +++09 +20 +20 +19୪ူ Pesticide (g) +07 +++09 +17 +17 +16ࠏྀ৯ Machine power +13 +++05 +18 +18 +17ෑਘЊଇ Plastic film (g) +08 +++08 +17 +17 +16স৯ Labor (90%) +15 +++05 +21 +20 +20҂ॖ۷ྍڣᇹିᆴ +21 +21 +20Nonrenewable supplemental emergy ܹۃႨඣ Irrigating water +14 +++04 +19 +19 +17স৯ Labor (10%) +14 +++05 +20 +19 +19྾৯ Livestock +14 +++05 +19 +19 +18Ⴕࠏ٧ Organic manure (g) +11 +++06 +18 +18 +17ᇕሰ Seeds +13 +++05 +19 +19 +19ॖ۷ྍڣᇹିᆴ +20 +20 +19Renewable supplemental emergy ሹڣᇹିᆴೆ +21 +21 +20Total supplemental emergy ሹିᆴೆ Total emergy input +21 +21 +20
ֻ6௹ ್֩: ༆സ҂୪ြളোିᆴбࢠ࣮ 1255 %%bӊߌሧჷିᆴބস৯Ⴕࠏࢠཬ, ࠎЧഈಯԩႿौ฿ӹٖ֥ሑb ڣᇹିᆴؽᆀކ࠹ᅝ༢ሹିᆴੀਈ֥66%~83%, ༆സ҂୪ြളোିᆴӁԛࢲܒбࢠ ඪૼ༆സ୪ြಯಖԩႿᇶေ၇ঠ฿ಖߌሧჷބିᆴӁԛࢲܒٳ༅ႵᇹႿՖᆜุഈࡎหקದ৯Ⴕࠏି֥Ԯ୪ြࢨ؍bҵ֩ো֥െੌཅთ୪ြ༢ଽᇕᆱြaତြaਟြaြ۲ြ֥ؿؓߌሧჷ֥၇ঠྟቋն, ߌ܊ངੱղ%, ᅚႪ൝bႮі2ॖᆩ, ຣཅaჰ൧aെੌཅ୪ุགྷਔھোႮႿߌذਜ, ֹܼದ༎, ֝ᇁ୪ြ༢ିᆴӁԛሹਈٳљູ+21 + ြളӁܼᇕЊ൬֥หׄ; Ⴊ֩ো֥ຣཅؓದ21 +20 sejbຣཅᇕᆱြaତြaਟြa৯֥၇ঠྟቋն, স৯ିᆴбᇗղ%, ุགྷြ۲ြ֥ିᆴӁԛٳљᅝ༢ሹିᆴӁԛ֥ਔھোֹ٧, ದ१Ԓૡ, ୪ြളӁࣚ۶༥%%%%, ჰ൧ٳљູቔ֥หׄ; طᇏ֩ো֥ჰ൧ؓߌሧჷބದ%%%%, െੌཅٳљູ৯֥၇ঠӱ؇नԩႿᇏ֩ඣb %%%%, ॖ۲োᇕຣཅaჰ൧aെੌཅ୪ြ༢҂ॖ۷ྍڣᆱြa྾ତြିᆴбᇗ௴ђࢠն, ਟြaြିᆴᇹିᆴٳљᅝ༢ሹିᆴੀਈ֥%%aбᇗ௴ђޓཬ, ඪૼ༆സ୪ြ֥ᇶ֝Ӂြಯ൞ᇕ%bఃᇏ۽ြڣᇹି֥ೆᇶေ൞߄٧, ٳљᆱြa྾ତြbఃᇏԩႿဌܱള྾ତࣜ࠶(ᅝ༢ሹିᆴੀਈ֥%%%, ࠏྀa༆സКᇏֹ҆ջ)֥ჰ൧ତြିᆴбᇗቋۚ, ູ৯ିᆴೆࢠཬbࠏྀିᆴೆٳљࣇᅝ༢ሹ%, ඪૼള྾ତࣜ࠶֥ࡹഡᄝႵܱᆟҦ֥ିᆴੀਈ֥%%%, ࠏྀ߄ӱ؇ࠞቔႨ༯ၘࣜ౼֤ཁᇷӮིbطᇕᆱြିᆴ໊ؓႿ֮, ᆃა༆സ୪ֹෞ߄ӱ؇ࢠۚႵܱ, طݖ؟༆സ༆ଲ֥҆ຣཅ֥܊ངੱቋն, ູ%, ඪ֥୪ြস৯္ؓ୪ြࠏྀ֥ႨྙӮਔ၂ק֥ஆૼႪ֩ো֥ᇕᆱြؿᅚऎႵႪ൝bൌ࠽ഈ, ࣋ԇቔႨbཌྷбط, Ⴊ֩ো֥ຣཅ৯ିᆴଲԫaٷފܡֹaഈ֔னֹֹ֥֩ᇏྏֹջೆቋն, ᅝ༢ሹିᆴੀਈ֥бᇗղ%, ᆃটࣼ൞༆സ֥ਁൊᇶӁ, ਁൊa൶Ғඣݔ֥Ӂᇶေ൞ႮႿھো୪ֹܹۃ૫ࠒбᇗ(30%)ࢠն,ਈ௴ђࢠۚbԩႿ༆സ༆֥҆െੌཅᇕᆱြၹطݻࢠ؟; ᇏ֩ো֥ჰ൧߄٧ିᆴೆିᆴбᇗ္ޓն, ູ%, ିᆴӁԛሹਈཬ, ቋն, ᅝ༢ሹିᆴੀਈ֥бᇗղ%, ඪૼീ܊ངࢠն֥ቔᇶေ൞োaܡሰ֩ᄖਁቔބႲႨ߄٧൞ھোิۚ୪ြӁਈ֥ᇗေ൭؍; طҵਘቔ, ཬચaඣݔa൶Ғ֩ቔ֥܊ངᄵޓཬ, ุ֩ো֥െੌཅࠏྀa৯a߄٧ିᆴ֥ೆनགྷਔھো୪ြߌ่ࡱذਜ֥ൌ࠽ሑঃb 表2 不同农业生态类型区能值产出(2005年) Tab. 2 Emergy output of different agricultural ecological type regions in 2005 ჰඔऌ Original data (J) ିᆴሇߐੱ ဝିᆴ Solar emergy (sej) ཛଢ Transformity ຣ ჰ െੌ ຣ ჰ െੌ Item −1(sejcJ) Wanrong Yuanping Shilou Wanrong Yuanping Shilou ཬચ Wheat +14 +13 +12 +05 +20 +18 +18 ზ Corn +14 +15 +14 +05 +20 +20 +19 ն Bean +13 +13 +13 +06 +19 +19 +19 ૣ Cotton +13 i i +06 +19 ো Tubers +13 +13 +12 +05 +18 +18 +18 ᄖਁ Sundry grain +13 +14 +13 +05 +18 +19 +18 Ⴒਘ Oil-bearing crop +14 +13 +13 +06 +20 +19 +20 ඣݔ Fruit +14 +13 +13 +05 +20 +19 +18 ൶Ғ Vegetable +14 +13 +13 +04 +18 +18 +17 ᇕᆱြཬ࠹ Total planting +++20ಽো Meat +13 +14 +13 +06 +20 +20 +19 ଯো Milk +13 +13 i +06 +19 +19 ֑ো Egg +13 +14 +12 +06 +19 +20 +19 ྾ତြཬ࠹ Total stockbreeding +++19ଡҋ Wood +15 +15 +14 +04 +19 +19 +19 ਟြཬ࠹ Total forestry +++19ඣӁ Aquatic product +11 +12 +10 +06 +18 +18 +17 ြཬ࠹ Total fishery +++17ሹିᆴӁԛ Total emergy yield +21 +21 +20
1256 ᇏݓള୪ြ࿐Б 2009 ֻ17ज ༆സ҂୪ြളো࣪ିᆴӁԛੱбࢠԛ֥ିᆴᄝҀӊೆ֥ڣᇹିᆴުಯႵ႔Ⴥ, ߭Б ࣪ିᆴӁԛੱ(EYR)൞୪ြ༢ᇏ֥ିᆴӁԛིੱۚ, ༢ࣩᆚ৯ࢠ఼bఃჰၹᄝႿھোসაটሱದোࣜ࠶༢֥ିᆴ(ڣᇹିᆴ)֥бᆴ, ّ৯Ⴕࠏିೆཌྷؓࢠ֮, ۽ြڣᇹିೆཌྷؓࢠ႘୪ြ༢ᆜุ֥߭Бིੱ, іᆘࣜ࠶ࠃ֥ࣩᆚۚ, ؽᆀކ֤֒, ࡆᆭۚିᆴ֥྾ତြӁԛбᇗ[1]ି৯b࣪ିᆴӁԛੱᄀۚ, ඪૼࣜ࠶ིၭᄀۚ, ༢ࢠն, ၹطᄝࢆ֮ڣᇹିᆴೆሹਈ֥౦ঃ༯, ົࣩᆚ৯ᄀ఼bႮі3ॖᆩ, ຣཅaჰ൧aെӻਔࢠ֥ۚିᆴӁԛඣbҵ֩ো֥െੌཅ࣐ੌཅ୪ြ༢࣪ିᆴӁԛੱٳљֹູܼܵದ༎, ࣪ିᆴӁԛੱಯ֮Ⴟ1, ᇶေ൞ႮႿႪ֩ো֥ຣཅ࣪ିᆴӁԛੱቋ֮, ඪૼ୪ြھোሱಖ่ࡱذਜ, ୪ြളӁՙ٢ࣜႏ, ၹط༢ᆜุ֥߭Бིੱ֮༯, ༢ીႵࣩᆚ৯bᆃᇶིၭ֮༯b ေ൞ၹູھোದ१ૡࠢ, ༢ೆਔնਈ֥ऎ ༆സ҂୪ြളোିᆴሧੱбࢠ Ⴕۚିᆴ֥স৯, ႮႿ॓ೆඣ֮, նਈିᆴሧੱ(EIR)֩Ⴟದোࣜ࠶༢ೆ(ّঌ)ದ৯ିᆴ֥ೆѩીႵሇ߄ູ۷֥ۚିᆴӁԛb֥ିᆴაሱಖߌሧჷൻೆളӁݖӱ֥ିᆴᆭ [1]ಣ่ࡱކ҂ݺ, ୪ֹܹۃбᇗն(30%)္ิۚਔбbభᆀೂࠏྀa৯a߄٧ބসༀ֩, नླఫ୪ြളӁӮЧ, ཤਔ༢֥ࣩᆚ৯bႮႿھোܓઙ, ܣӫູ“ܓઙିᆴ”; ުᆀটሱሱಖࢸӊ൞༆സ୪ြ֥ᇶӁ, ၹط္սіਔ༆സ୪ೆ, ӫູ“ӊିᆴ”, Їওֹaঀҟ֩҂ॖ۷ྍሧြᆜุളӁӮЧࢠۚ, ࣩᆚ৯ҵ֥หׄbᇏ֩োჷބဝܻaڄa֩ॖ۷ྍߌሧჷbھᆷѓّ֥ჰ൧࣪ିᆴӁԛੱቋۚ, ӑݖ1, ඪૼ༢Ӂ႘༢֥षؿӱ؇ࠣؓߌሧჷ֥০Ⴈӱ؇b҂ؿ 表3 不同农业生态类型区能值指标体系(2005) Tab. 3 Emergy indexes system of different agricultural ecological type regions in 2005 ିᆴᆷѓ іղൔ ຣ ჰ െੌ Index of emergy Expression Wanrong Yuanping Shilou ିᆴೆሹਈ Total emergy input (sej) T +21 +21 +20 ିᆴሱ۳ੱ Emergy self-support ratio (R+N)/T % % % ॖ۷ྍߌିᆴбᇗ Renewable environmental emergy ratio R/T % % % ҂ॖ۷ྍߌିᆴбᇗ Nonrenewable environmental emergy ratio N/T % % % ܓઙିᆴбᇗ Purchased emergy ratio (F+R1)/T % % % ҂ॖ۷ྍڣᇹିᆴбᇗ Nonrenewable supplemental emergy ratio F/T % % % ৯ିᆴбᇗ Electric power emergy ratio E/T % % % ࠏྀିᆴбᇗ Machine power emergy ratio M/T % % % ߄٧ିᆴбᇗ Chemical fertilizer emergy ratio C/T % % % ॖ۷ྍڣᇹିᆴбᇗ Renewable supplemental emergy ratio R1/T % % % স৯ିᆴбᇗ Labor emergy ratio L/T % % % ିᆴӁԛሹਈ Total emergy yield (sej) Y +21 +21 +20 ᇕᆱြିᆴ/ሹିᆴӁԛ Planting emergy/total emergy yield Y1/Y % % % ྾ତြିᆴ/ሹିᆴӁԛ Stockbreeding emergy/total emergy yield Y2/Y % % % ਟြିᆴ/ሹିᆴӁԛ Forestry emergy/total emergy yield Y3/Y % % % ြିᆴ/ሹିᆴӁԛ Fishery emergy/total emergy yield Y4/Y % % % ࣪ିᆴӁԛੱ Net emergy yield ratio (EYR) Y/(F+R1) ିᆴሧੱ Emergy investment ratio (F+R1)/(R+N) −2ିᆴۿੱૡ؇ Empower density (sejcm) T/A +12 +11 +11 ದनିᆴೆਈ Emergy input per capita (sej) T/P +16 +16 +16 ದनିᆴӁԛਈ Emergy yield per capita (sej) Y/P +15 +16 +16 ߌڵᄛੱ Environmental loading ratio (ELR) (F+R1+N)/R ॖӻ࿃ؿᅚᆷඔ Emergy sustainability index (ESI) EYR/ELR TaRaNaFaR1aEaMaCaLaYaY1aY2aY3aY4ٳљіൕሹିᆴೆaॖ۷ྍߌିᆴa҂ॖ۷ྍߌିᆴa҂ॖ۷ྍڣᇹିᆴaॖ۷ྍڣᇹିᆴa৯ିᆴaࠏྀିᆴa߄٧ିᆴaস৯ିᆴaሹିᆴӁԛaᇕᆱြିᆴa྾ତြିᆴaਟြିᆴaြିᆴ; Aູ୪ြ૫ࠒ, PູՖ൙ֻ၂Ӂြದ१bT, R, N, F, R1, E, M, C, L, Y, Y1, Y2, Y3, Y4 show total emergy input, renewable environmental emergy, nonrenewable environmental emergy, nonrenewable supplemental emergy, renewable supplemental emergy, electric power emergy, machine power emergy, chemi-cal fertilizer emergy, labor emergy, total emergy yield, planting emergy, stockbreeding emergy, forestry emergy, fishery emergy. A is agriculture field area. P is the total worker of the first industry.
ֻ6௹ ್֩: ༆സ҂୪ြളোିᆴбࢠ࣮ 1257 ղ༢ສສ۷؟၇ঠӊߌሧჷିᆴ, طླᆦڱႪ֩ো֥ຣཅᆷඔቋۚ, ॖھোႮႿࠊл֥ܓઙିᆴೆࢠഒ, ܣ༢֥ିᆴӮЧބᇶေ၇ौնਈۚିᆴ֥ದ৯ೆটࠆ֤Ӂਈ֥ิۚ, ሧੱࢠ֮, ᄝၛିᆴູ๙Ⴈࠊл֥భิ༯, ᆃࡼؓߌሧჷ֥০Ⴈӱ؇ቋۚ, ൈؓߌ֥৯္Ⴕ০Ⴟ൧ӆࣩᆚ, ିᆴሧੱݖ֮Ⴛ߶႕ཙߌቋն, ჰ൧aെੌཅᄵၹູ֮ሧੱطؓߌ֥ሧჷ֥০ႨིੱbՖі3ॖᆩ, ༆സຣཅaჰ৯ࢠཬbაՎཌྷّ, 3۱҂୪ြো༢ॖӻ൧aെੌཅ୪ြ༢ିᆴሧੱٳљູ࿃ؿᅚᆷඔ၇Ցູ, ຣཅቋ֮, ჰ, ຣཅģჰ൧ģെੌཅ, ඪૼຣཅো൧aെੌཅᄵࢠۚbॖӻ࿃ؿᅚᆷඔ(ESI)ູ࣪ି֥୪ြିᆴӮЧཌྷؓࢠۚ(ದ৯ିᆴೆݖ؟), ᆴӁԛੱაߌڵᄛੱ֥бᆴ, ఃᆴᄀ֮, ༢֥[1]ᆃᄝ॓ඣ҂ۚaିᆴӁԛᄹږ҂ն֥౦ঃ༯, ॖӻ࿃ྟିᄀҵbॖದ१Ԓૡ֥ຣཅোсಖཤః༢֥ࣩᆚ৯(іགྷູ࣪ିᆴӁԛੱቋॖӻ࿃ؿᅚྟିࢠҵb୪ြದ१ࢠഒ֥െੌཅো֮)bაؿղݓࡅཌྷб(ሧჷ০Ⴈӱ؇ࢠ֥ۚၩն০ॖӻ࿃ؿᅚᆷඔቋۚ, ॖӻ࿃ؿᅚྟିࢠݺ, [22−24]1989୍ھᆷѓղ֞), ༆സ୪ြିᆴᆃ൞ࡹ৫ᄝི֮ੱࠎԤഈ֥ॖӻ࿃ؿᅚb༆സ୪ೆ֥ᆜุඣࢠ֮, ؓߌሧჷ֥০Ⴈིੱࢠ֮, ြೂݔିᄝགྷႵߌڵᄛੱඣ༯๙ݖ॓ೆิ୪ြ༢ཌྷؓ҂ؿղ, ၹՎؓ༆സ୪ြط, ࡆۚ༢֥࣪ିᆴӁԛੱ, ॖӻ࿃ؿᅚྟିࡼ߶֤֞նܓઙିᆴaหљ൞ۚ॓ݣਈ֥ڣᇹିᆴ֥ೆ, ڿb൙ൌഈ, ༆സ୪ြ༢ߌڵᄛੱߎჹ֮Ⴕ০Ⴟ۷Ⴕֹི০Ⴈ୪ြሧჷb Ⴟ၂ུؿղݓࡅ֥ඣ(ೂၩն০1989୍ູ, [22−24]ರЧ1990୍ູ), ୪ြؿᅚ֥ॢࡗߎ ༆സ҂୪ြളোିᆴ০Ⴈඣбࢠ ିᆴۿੱૡ؇aದनିᆴႨਈaದनିᆴӁԛޓնb ੱᆀࢲކॖၛّ႘၂۱ֹ୪ြ༢֥ࠢჿ߄ӱ3 结论与讨论 ؇ބളӁིੱbିᆴۿੱૡ؇൞ᆷଖ၂თࣜ࠶ࠃ༆സ୪ြಯಖԩႿᇶေ၇ঠ฿ಖߌିᆴބᄝֆ໊ൈࡗଽႨ֥ሹିᆴათ૫ࠒ֥бᆴ, [1]ದ৯Ⴕࠏିᆴ֥Ԯ୪ြࢨ؍, ᆃ္൞ߛۚჰസіᆘିᆴႨ֥ࠢჿ౦ྙbႮі3ॖᆩ, ຣཅaٺ୪ြؿᅚ֥܋หׄbაؿղݓࡅބؿղֹཌྷჰ൧aെੌཅ୪ြ༢ିᆴۿੱૡ؇ٳљູ+ −2−2−2б, ༆സ୪ြିᆴೆ֥ᆜุඣࢠ֮, ؓߌ12 +11 +11 sejcm, ຣሧჷ֥০Ⴈིੱࢠ֮, ୪ြ༢ཌྷؓ҂ؿղbᄝՎཅିᆴۿੱૡ؇ቋۚ, ඪૼຣཅ୪ြࠢჿ߄ӱ౦ঃ༯, ֆՂ၇ौದ৯ିᆴ֥նਈೆ҂ॖିႵི؇ࢠۚbದनିᆴೆਈ(+16 sej)ބӁԛਈิۚ୪ြ༢ളӁིੱ(ೂຣཅো), ّطॖ(+15 sej)नࢠ֮, മᇀ֮Ⴟ۽ြڣᇹିᆴቋ֮ିၹ༢مཨ߄ݖ؟֥স৯ط֝ᇁ༢ࣩᆚ৯֥െੌཅ, ඪૼھোթᄝࢠ؟֥୪ြഺჅস֥༯ࢆ; طֆՂ၇ौնਈᄹࡆ҂ॖ۷ྍ֥۽ြڣᇹ৯, ၹطขਔದनᆷѓ, ႕ཙਔളӁིੱbെੌཅିᆴ(ೂ߄٧ିᆴ), сಖࡆݝಛ֥߄ྟᇉ, ෙಖದनିᆴೆਈࢠۚ(+16 sej), ႮႿֹൈࡆնؓߌ֥ಙ, ݝ༢֥ॖӻ࿃ؿᅚྟܼದ༎, ିᆴۿੱૡ؇ंႿቋ֮, іૼھো୪ି, ္҂ॖିՖ۴Чഈิۚ୪ြ༢ളӁིੱbᆺြࠢჿ߄ӱ؇ቋ֮bႮႿھোܼٗթᄝՙ٢ࣜႵൡ֒॥ᇅದ৯ିᆴ֥ೆ, ൈކၛཌྷႋ֥۽ႏaܼᇕЊ൬֥ളӁٚൔ, ෮ၛ࣐ܵՖ൙୪ြ֥ದ१҂؟, ದनିᆴӁԛਈѩ҂ۚြڣᇹିᆴaหљ൞ۚ॓ݣਈ֥ڣᇹିᆴ, ؽᆀ(+16 sej), ୪ြളӁིੱ֮༯bჰ൧ିᆴۿੱૡ؇ބದनିކ֤֒(ೂჰ൧ো), ҌିӁളࢠ֥ۚ୪ြᆴೆਈनඋᇏ֩ඣ, ھোሱಖሧჷބࣜളӁིੱ, ᆃ൞ᆜ۱༆സ୪ြໃটؿᅚ֥ٚཟb ࠶ڣᇹିᆴೆކࢠݺ, ದनିᆴӁԛਈቋۚ༆സ҂୪ြളো֥ିᆴੀਈҵၳޓ, ղ+16 sej, ၹط୪ြ༢ᆜุᄎྛིੱࢠۚbն, ႋ֒ႵᆌؓྟֹҐ౼҂֥୪ြᆟҦծീbҵ ֩ো(ೂെੌཅ)ႮႿᎦሺޘ, ֹྙۚҵն, గ ߌڵᄛੱაॖӻ࿃ؿᅚᆷඔбࢠ ߌڵᄛੱ(ELR)൞ࣜ࠶ೆିᆴࡆഈ҂ॖ۷໑ࢠ֮, ඣaaಣކ௴ђ҂ݺ, ࡆᆭֹܼದ༎, ྍߌሧჷିᆴ֥ሹބაॖ۷ྍߌሧჷିᆴ֥б୪ြളӁࣜႏٚൔՙ٢, ିᆴӁԛሹਈބളӁིੱᆴ, ّ႘གྷྛളࠃඣሙ༯, ॖ۷ྍߌሧჷڵᄛޓ֮bೂݔھোିၹֹᇅၒaކ҃अᇕᆱ[1]৯֥նཬbᄝ၂ק่ࡱ༯, ିᆴሧੱᄀۚ, ߌြaତြaਟြaြ֩ളӁۿି, ᇿၩܿଆ߄ሧჷ֥০Ⴈੱᄀۚ, ୪ӁӁਈᄹࡆ֥ږ؇ᄀն, ބࠢჿ߄ളӁࠣሱಖሧჷބದ۽ڣᇹିჷི֥ۚ০ߌڵᄛੱ္ᄀնbႮі3ॖᆩ, ຣཅaჰ൧aႨ, ᄵ୪ြളӁིੱॖି߶Ⴕྍ֥ิۚbႪ֩োെੌཅ୪ြ༢ߌڵᄛੱٳљູ, (ೂຣཅ)࣐ܵԩႿފܡᇏྏֹջ, ֹ٧, ሱ
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