ꆡꆡꆡꆡꆡꆡꆡꆡꆡꆡꆡꆡꆡꆡꆡꆡꆡꆡꆡꆡꆡꆡꆡꆡꆡꆡꆡꆡꆶ뚫쓏톧쫵ꆷ2008쓪뗚5웚컒맺뷰죚퇜짺쫐뎡쮰훆퇐뺿퇮뒿뮪ꆡ췵뫬쎷햪튪:캪믱좡뷰죚뒴탂듸살뗄짧믡뢣샻,복짙뷰죚뒴탂듸살뗄짧믡럧쿕뫍뢺쏦펰쿬,뛔뷰죚퇜짺욷퓚쪲쎴뮷뷚뿎헷쪲쎴쮰,닉폃쪲쎴뿎헷랽쪽,컒맺뗄닆쮰톧헟틑뺭뷸탐쇋첽쳖뫍퇐뺿ꆣ놾컄퓚뛔룷훖맛뗣뷸탐ퟛ뫏럖컶뗄믹뒡짏,뷡뫏컒맺맺쟩,쳡돶붨짨컒맺뷰죚퇜짺쫐뎡쮰훆뷡릹뗄릹쿫ꆣ놾컄죏캪,룹뻝컒맺뗄쪵볊ힴ뿶,퓚뷰죚붻틗뮷뷚,펦짨훃쫊떱뗄쮰훖뿎쮰,뿉붫쿖폐뗄횤좯펡뮨쮰룄퓬캪맦랶뗄뷰죚짌욷붻틗쮰;뛔폚뷰죚퇜짺욷쫕틦뮷뷚뗄뿎쮰,펦쪵쪩늻쟸뇰뿎쮰램ꆣ맘볼듊:뷰죚퇜짺쫐뎡쮰훆;붻틗뮷뷚;뷰죚짌욷붻틗쮰;쫕틦뮷뷚;늻쟸뇰뿎쮰훐춼럖샠뫅:ꆡꆡꆡ컄쿗뇪쪶싫:Aꆡꆡꆡ컄헂뇠뫅:1008-1569(2008)05-0019-09뷰죚퇜짺쫐뎡쮰훆짨볆뇘탫폫컒맺맺쟩쿠뷡뫏ꆣ맘폚릹붨훐맺쳘즫뷰죚퇜짺쫐뎡쮰훆,컒맺톧헟ퟷ쇋튻킩뿉맳뗄첽쳖,쯤좻폐튻킩헹틩,떫쫇뛔폚퇐뺿뫍훆뚨컒맺뷰죚퇜짺쫐뎡쮰훆폐튻뚨뗄닎뾼틢틥ꆣ놾컄퓚뛔룷훖맛뗣뷸탐ퟛ뫏럖컶뗄믹뒡짏,뷡뫏컒맺맺쟩,쳡돶컒맺퓚붻틗뮷뷚뫍쫕틦뮷뷚뷡릹뷰죚퇜짺쫐뎡쮰훆뗄릹쿫ꆣ튻ꆢ맘폚뷰죚퇜짺욷붻틗뮷뷚뗄뿎쮰첽쳖(튻)붻틗뮷뷚쫇럱펦뿎쮰퓚뷰죚퇜짺욷붻틗뮷뷚쫇럱펦뿎쮰,샭싛뷧듦퓚늻춬뗄죏쪶ꆣ늻펦뿎쮰싛죏캪,퓚붻틗뮷뷚뿎헷뗄붻틗쮰붫듳럹뛈붵뗍뷰죚퇜짺욷릤뻟뗄돉놾폐킧탔,럁낭놾뗄ퟔ평쇷뚯,짵훁닺짺춶쯸힡킧펦ꆣ볙짨막욱횸쫽웚믵붻틗뗄돉놾캪%,쿖뷰쫐뎡붻틗뗄돉놾캪1%,헷쫕%뗄붻틗쮰붫쪹웚믵붻틗돉놾퓶볓5놶ꆣ헢믡룸놾맺뗄웚좨붻틗듸살믙쏰탔뗄듲믷ꆣ웤뷡맻붫떼훂춶헟쟡틗쿲늻헷쫕붻틗쮰뗄웤쯻맺볒뗄붻틗쯹ꆣ뛔폚웚믵뛸퇔,평폚웚믵뫏풼뻟폐튻뚨웚쿞,쯹틔춶헟늻쓜튲늻믡뎤웚돖폐웚믵뫏풼ꆣ볈좻뛌쿟뷸돶ꆢ싲뿕싴뿕쫇웚믵붻틗뗄튻듳쳘헷,쓇쎴죴퓚웚믵붻틗뮷뷚뿎쮰뻍죝틗퓬돉훘뢴뿎쮰,헢컞틉쫇뛔웚믵춶헟뗄늻릫욽듽폶;춬쪱,퓚웚믵붻틗뮷뷚뿎쮰뮹믡퓶듳붻틗돉놾,펰쿬풴뗄뫏샭엤훃,럁낭쫐뎡믺훆뗄탎돉,뛸쟒퓚붻틗뮷뷚뿎헷뗄쮰쫕ퟮ훕믡볞떽쿻럑헟짭짏,틗폕랢춨믵엲헍,헢킩뚼폐낭폚웚믵쫐뎡뗄랢햹,틲듋,늻펦퓚웚믵붻틗뮷뷚뿎쮰ꆣ뿎쮰싛헟퓲죏캪,뷰죚퇜짺욷붻틗쫇튻훖놾닺붻틗,죴늻퓋폃쫊떱뗄쮰훖뛔붻틗뮷뷚ퟷ헟볲뷩:퇮뒿뮪,뢣붨쪡뗘랽쮰컱뻖쮰쫕뿆톧퇐뺿쯹뢱퇐뺿풱;췵뫬쎷,뢣붨쪡뗘랽쮰컱뻖쮰쫕뿆톧퇐뺿쯹ꆣ19' 1994-2014 China Academic Journal Electronic Publishing House. All rights reserved.
ꆶ뚫쓏톧쫵ꆷ2008쓪뗚5웚ꆡꆡꆡꆡꆡꆡꆡꆡꆡꆡꆡꆡꆡꆡꆡꆡꆡꆡꆡꆡꆡꆡꆡꆡꆡꆡꆡꆡ뷸탐쮰쫕맜샭,붻틗헟뗄놾뻍믡퓚컞쮰ힴ첬쿂믽샛삩듳,헢폫쮰쫕릫욽풭퓲늻럻,틲듋,펦퓚뷰죚퇜짺욷붻틗뮷뷚뿎쮰ꆣ웤샭평죧쿂:뗚튻,뛔뷰죚퇜짺욷붻틗뮷뷚뿎쮰,폐샻폚캪닺붻틗뒴퓬릫욽뗄쮰쫕뮷뺳ꆣ퓚컒맺쿖탐쮰훆훐,컞싛쫇튻냣짌욷닺붻틗,뮹쫇놾닺붻틗,뚼튪헫뛔웤붻틗뮷뷚뿎쮰,죧뛔짌욷붻틗뿎헷퓶횵쮰,뛔샍컱붻틗닺뿎헷펪튵쮰,뛔횤좯붻틗뿎헷횤좯붻틗쮰(펡뮨쮰)뗈,죧맻뛔헢훖닺붻틗탎쪽ꆪꆪꆪ뷰죚퇜짺욷붻틗늻뿎쮰,쿔좻폐캥쮰쫕릫욽풭퓲,웤뗍쮰뮷뺳뮹믡컼틽맽뛠뷰쇷쿲뷰죚퇜짺릤뻟쫐뎡,늻샻폚뷰죚퇜짺릤뻟쫐뎡뗄맦쒣랢햹ꆣ뗚뛾,뛔뷰죚퇜짺욷붻틗뮷뷚뿎쮰,폐샻폚틖횹춶믺탐캪ꆣ퓚뷰죚퇜짺욷붻틗뮷뷚뿎쮰만좻믡퓶듳붻틗헟뗄붻틗돉놾,떫쫇뛔늻춬샠탍춶헟뗄펰쿬쫇늻춬뗄:쯤좻붻틗뮷뷚뗄뿎쮰붫뛔뇜쿕탍춶헟닺짺뢺쏦뗄펰쿬,떫쫇붻틗뮷뷚뗄뿎쮰붫춨맽퓶듳춶믺탍춶헟뗄돉놾,닺짺틖횹춶믺뗄믽벫ퟷ폃ꆣ쒿잰컒맺뗄쳗웚놣횵붻틗헟뛔웚믵뗄탨쟳떯탔뷏킡,늻믡틲캪뛔웤뿎쮰뛸럅웺붻틗,틲뛸,뛔쫐뎡럧쿕믺훆퓋탐뗄얤쟺뷏킡ꆣ뗚죽,펦룃쟸뇰죏쪶붻틗뮷뷚뿎쮰믡퓬돉훘뢴뿎쮰뗄컊쳢ꆣ늻뿉럱죏,뛔틔좨횤캪듺뇭뗄뷰죚퇜짺욷뗄뿎쮰좴쫇듦퓚훘뢴뿎쮰뗄컊쳢ꆣ좻뛸,뛔웚믵붻틗뮷뷚뿎쮰좴늻튻뚨듦퓚훘뢴뿎쮰뗄컊쳢ꆣ평폚웚믵쫐뎡늻춬폚횤좯쫐뎡,횤좯쫐뎡훐붻틗헟돖폐뗄횤좯솿쫇볈뚨뗄,뛸웚믵쫐뎡훐뗄웚믵뫏풼퓚튻뚨틢틥짏쫇좡횮늻뺡뗄,틲뛸,횤좯쫐뎡훐뗄쎿튻듎싲싴뚼쫇횤좯퓚붻틗헟쫖훐뗄쇷,뛸웚믵붻틗헟쎿싲죫믲싴돶웚믵,웤놾훊뚼쿠떱폚쮫랽뚼늻쿠횪뗘싴돶믲싲죫뛔랽뚩솢탂뗄웚믵뫏풼(늢럇튻냣죋쯹쿫쿳뗄,웚믵붻틗헟싴돶뗄쫇웤쫖훐뗄웚믵뫏풼,뛸싲죫뗄쫇웤쯻붻틗헟싴돶뗄웚믵뫏풼),틲듋웚믵뫏풼뗄뛠듎죃뗄쟩뿶뷏짙,훘뢴뿎쮰뗄퇏훘탔튲뷏킡ꆣ뗚쯄,펦룃뇧횤뗘죏쪶붻틗뮷뷚뿎쮰믡퓬돉놾쇷쪧뗄컊쳢ꆣ럖컶쏀맺ퟮ훕캴뾪헷뷰죚퇜짺욷붻틗쮰뗄풭틲,뿉틔랢쿖평폚쏀맺쫇웚믵붻틗듳맺,퓚맺볊웚믵쫐뎡짏햼뻝쪮럖훘튪뗄뗘캻,훚뛠맺볊놾쇷쿲쏀맺웚믵쫐뎡,퓚헢훖쟩탎쿂,뾪헷붻틗쮰쫆뇘틽랢춶뗄ꆰ쯸힡킧펦ꆱ,떼훂맺볊놾쇷뚯듳럹늨뚯,쿷죵웤맺볊뺺헹솦ꆣ랴맛컒맺쿖ힴ,컒맺뷰죚퇜짺릤뻟쫐뎡랢햹짐뒦폚돵벶뷗뛎,뛔맺볊춶헟뛸퇔,돤싺쇋탂탋뗄춶폫춶믺믺믡,틲듋,붻틗뮷뷚뿎쮰,늻뷶뛔춶헟ힷ훰샻틦뚯솦뗄쿷복돌뛈뷏킡,랴뛸폐샻폚퓶잿뷰죚퇜짺릤뻟쫐뎡뗄맦랶뮯,틖횹컞탲랢햹ꆣ뛔폚짏쫶솽훖맛뗣,컒쏇룼쟣쿲폚뫳헟ꆣ컒쏇죏캪,헫뛔훐맺뗄쿖ힴ,뛔컒맺뗄뷰죚퇜짺욷붻틗펦룃뿎쮰ꆣ(뛾)맘폚뷰죚퇜짺욷붻틗뮷뷚쮰훖짨훃뗄첽쳖퓚뷰죚퇜짺욷붻틗뮷뷚펦룃뿎쮰헢튻컊쳢뗃떽뿏뚨뫳,퓲쏦쇙뿎헷쪲쎴쮰뗄컊쳢ꆣ듓컒맺쿖ힴ살뾴,뛔뷰죚퇜짺욷붻틗뮷뷚뗄뿎쮰훷튪짦벰떽펡뮨쮰(쪵훊캪붻틗쮰)ꆢ펪튵쮰ꆢ퓶횵쮰(퓚웚믵쪵컯붻룮뮷뷚뿎헷)ꆣ1.맘폚뿎헷펪튵쮰뗄첽쳖죧잰쯹쫶,컒맺퓚뷰죚퇜짺욷붻틗뮷뷚뗄쿖탐뿎쮰맦뚨훷튪럖캪죽샠:ꋙ뛔뷰죚믺릹붻틗헟뗄럇믵컯웚믵붻틗믮뚯뻍웤볆쮰펪튵뛮[싴돶볛-(싲죫볛-뫬샻쫕죫)]뿎헷펪튵쮰;ꋚ뛔럇뷰죚믺릹폫룶죋붻틗헟뗄럇믵컯웚믵붻틗믮뚯늻헷펪튵쮰;ꋛ믵컯웚믵붻틗늻헷펪튵쮰뛸뿎헷퓶횵쮰ꆣ쿖탐쮰램맦뚨듦퓚틔쿂컊쳢:ꋙ쮰믹뗄럇뿆톧탔ꆣ쿖탐뗄볆쮰펪튵뛮듳훂뗈폚붻틗헟뗄쯰틦뛮,헢뻍탎돉쇋펪튵쮰뫍쯹뗃쮰뛔춬튻쮰믹볆헷뗄ힴ뿶,볈늻럻뫏펪튵쮰펦뛔쇷뛮뿎쮰뗄쳘뗣,폖퓬돉쇋훘뢴뿎쮰;죴뷶틔붻틗헟뗄싴돶볛ퟷ캪펪튵뛮뿎쮰,쯤쳥쿖쇋펪튵쮰ퟷ캪쇷쮰뗄쳘뗣,떫평폚웚믵붻틗뛮쫇튻훖탩쓢뷰뛮,늢럇헦쪵쪵쿖뗄펪튵쫕죫,틲뛸뛔웤뿎헷펪튵쮰좱랦틀뻝ꆣꋚ쮰뢺뗄늻릫욽탔ꆣ횻뛔뷰죚믺릹뗄럇믵컯웚믵붻틗뿎헷펪튵쮰,20' 1994-2014 China Academic Journal Electronic Publishing House. All rights reserved.
ꆡꆡꆡꆡꆡꆡꆡꆡꆡꆡꆡꆡꆡꆡꆡꆡꆡꆡꆡꆡꆡꆡꆡꆡꆡꆡꆡꆡꆶ뚫쓏톧쫵ꆷ2008쓪뗚5웚뛸뛔럇뷰죚믺릹뫍룶죋싲싴웚믵퓲늻헷쫕쇷쮰,헢훖ퟶ램튲폐폚쮰쫕릫욽풭퓲ꆣ틲듋,컒쏇죏캪,퓚뷰죚퇜짺욷붻틗뮷뷚늻쫊뫏뿎헷펪튵쮰,펦룃뛔쿖탐쮰훆뷸탐뗷헻ꆣ2.맘폚뿎헷퓶횵쮰뗄첽쳖맺쓚폐뗄톧헟붨틩퓚뷰죚퇜짺욷붻틗뮷뷚뾪헷퓶횵쮰,틔뇜쏢훘뢴뿎쮰,쪵쿖붻틗룷룶뮷뷚짏쮰뢺믹놾튻훂ꆣ웤뻟쳥헷쮰짨쿫쫇:뛔붻틗헟(냼삨틸탐ꆢ웳튵ꆢ춶헟뗈)뷸탐뗄뷰죚퇜짺릤뻟붻틗,틔벰붻틗쯹ퟔ펪뷰죚퇜짺릤뻟뗄붻틗(폫훐뷩럾컱럖뾪뫋쯣),헷쫕퓶횵쮰ꆣ뇈죧,뿉뛔떽웚뷸탐쪵볊붻룮뗄풶웚킭틩ꆢ뷰죚웚믵ꆢ뷰죚웚좨뗈,내붻틗뷰뛮틀싊볆헷퓶횵쮰ꆣ싴랽쫴튻냣쓉쮰죋뗄,뿉틔뗖뿛쿖믵닺뗄뷸쿮쮰뛮ꆢ싴랽캪럇튻냣쓉쮰죋웳튵믲룶죋뗄,뿉내볲틗냬램틀헷쫕싊볆쯣펦쓉쮰뛮,늻뗃뗖뿛뷸쿮쮰뛮ꆣ뷰죚웚좨붻틗훐싴랽쫂쿈쫕좡뗄웚좨럑,내좫뛮볆쯣퓶횵쮰,늻뗃복돽죎뫎럑폃ꆣ뷰죚웚믵뗄뛔돥쯤늻랢짺퓶횵,떫펦뇈헕틔믵틗믵탐캪럖솽듎릺쿺볆쯣퓶횵쮰쿺쿮뫍뷸쿮쮰뛮ꆣ뾼싇쿖탐퓶횵쮰싊떵듎짙ꆢ쮰뢺룟,펦뛔뷰죚퇜짺릤뻟쮰싊ퟷ쫊떱뗷헻ꆣ컒쏇랴뛔퓚뷰죚퇜짺욷붻틗뮷뷚뿎헷퓶횵쮰,헢쫇평폚:(1)뷰죚퇜짺욷붻틗뛮뗄탩쓢탔,뻶뚨쇋뛔웤뿎헷퓶횵쮰쫇늻잡떱뗄ꆣ틔웚믵캪샽,웚믵붻틗쫇튻훖놣횤뷰붻틗,벴붻틗쮫랽쎿듯돉튻뇊붻틗,횻탨내돉붻뫏풼볛횵뗄5-10%쿲붻틗쯹뷉듦싄풼놣횤뷰,컞탨붻뢶돉붻뫏풼ퟜ횵뗄믵뿮믲놸ퟣ돉붻뫏풼쫽솿뗄쪵믵ꆣ붻틗쮫랽듳뚼퓚뫏풼떽웚횮잰,뷸탐뛔돥욽닖싄풼,횻폐2-3%뗄돖닖늿캻붻틗헟춨맽쪵컯붻룮살싄풼ꆣ틲뛸,뿉틔죏캪,웚믵붻틗훐랢짺뗄붻틗뛮쫇튻훖탩쓢뛮,죴붫웤뗈춬폚쿖믵붻틗훐뗄헦쪵붻틗뛮뛸ퟷ캪뿎쮰뛔쿳뿎헷쇷쮰,쿔좻쫇늻잡떱뗄,뛸횻폐냑웚믵붻틗탐캪ퟷ캪뿎쮰뛔쿳,뿎헷탐캪쮰,닅럻뫏웚믵붻틗뗄쳘뗣ꆣ(2)뷰죚퇜짺욷붻틗뷡맻뗄쇣뫍탔쳘뗣,뻶뚨쇋뛔웤뿎헷퓶횵쮰늻쟐쪵볊ꆣ쇣뫍탔쫇횸뷰죚퇜짺욷붻틗쮫랽뗄ퟜ쫕틦캪쇣(늻뾼싇쫖탸럑),뛠춷늿캻뗄펯폠(뿷쯰)ퟜ쫇폫뿕춷늿캻뗄뿷쯰(펯폠)쿠뛔펦,헻룶쫐뎡뗄뷰ퟜ솿쫇늻뇤뗄,펯뿷쫽뛮뗄뮮횻쫇듦솿뗄뗷헻ꆣ퓚헢훖쟩뿶쿂,죴뛔뷰죚퇜짺욷붻틗뿎헷퓶횵쮰,뻍헻룶쫐뎡뛸퇔,펯샻헟쿺쿮쮰뛮듳폚뷸쿮쮰뛮뗄ퟜ뫍뫣뗈폚뿷쯰헟쿺쿮쮰뛮킡폚뷸쿮쮰뛮뗄ퟜ뫍,듓뛌웚뾴,횻폐펯샻헟닅뷉쓉퓶횵쮰,떫듓뎤웚살뾴,뿷쯰헟캴뗖뿛뗄뷸쿮쮰뛮뿉틔쇴듽웤펯샻쪱폨틔뗖뿛,틲뛸,뻍헻룶뷰죚퇜짺욷쫐뎡뛸퇔,퓶횵쮰탎춬탩짨,벸뫵캴헷뷉쮰쫕ꆣ(3)컒맺쿖탐쮰훆뷡릹뗄뛠풪탔뻶뚨쇋뛔뷰죚퇜짺욷붻틗뛮뿎헷퓶횵쮰쫇쓑틔닙ퟷ뗄ꆣ틔막욱웚좨캪샽,뾴헇웚좨뗄퓶횵쮰볆쯣릫쪽죧쿂:싴랽펦붻퓶횵쮰=웚좨럑ꇁ쮰싊+(웚좨횴탐볛ꇁ쮰싊-막욱쫛볛ꇁ쮰싊);싲랽펦붻퓶횵쮰=막욱쫛볛ꇁ쮰싊-웚좨횴탐볛ꇁ쮰싊ꆣ퓚릫쪽훐,싴랽뗄뷸쿮쮰폫싲랽뗄쿺쿮쮰뻹폫막욱뗄쮰뿮(막욱쫛볛ꇁ쮰싊)폐맘ꆣ뮻퇔횮,뛔뷰죚퇜짺욷붻틗뛮뿎헷퓶횵쮰뗄뇘튪쳵볾쫇뷰죚믹뒡릤뻟쫐뎡폫뷰죚퇜짺릤뻟쫐뎡뻹쪵탐춳튻뗄퓶횵쮰훆ꆣ좻뛸,훚쯹훜횪컒맺뛔막욱붻틗뿎헷횤좯펡뮨쮰,맊컞램탎돉퓶횵쮰뗄뷸쿮쮰,헢쫆뇘떼훂퓶횵쮰솴쳵뗄뛏쇑,틲듋컒맺쿖탐쮰훆뷡릹뗄뛠풪탔,뻶뚨쇋뛔뷰죚퇜짺욷붻틗뛮뿎헷퓶횵쮰늻뻟폐뿉탐탔ꆣ틲듋,퓚컒맺뷰죚퇜짺욷붻틗뮷뷚,늻쫊뫏뾪헷퓶횵쮰ꆣ3.맘폚뿎헷붻틗쮰뗄첽쳖뛔폚쓜럱퓚뷰죚퇜짺욷붻틗뮷뷚뾪헷붻틗쮰튲폐헹틩ꆣ랴뛔헟죏캪,뛔뷰죚퇜짺욷뿎헷붻틗쮰붫믡퓶볓쳡릩웚믵뫏춬뗄돉놾(싴랽뇘탫내듋훆뚨볛룱),틲뛸룃쮰폐뿉쓜펰쿬뷰죚퇜짺욷쫐뎡뗄랢햹ꆣ컒쏇죏캪,놾샻뗃쮰쫇튻룶쿠뛔릫욽뫍폐킧싊뗄쮰훖,떫퓚컒맺뛔룶죋놾샻뗃쏢쮰뗄쳵볾쿂,컒쏇횻쓜톡퓱헷쫕웤쯻쮰쫕ퟷ캪쳦듺ꆣ평틔짏럖컶뿉볻,뷰죚퇜짺욷붻21' 1994-2014 China Academic Journal Electronic Publishing House. All rights reserved.
ꆶ뚫쓏톧쫵ꆷ2008쓪뗚5웚ꆡꆡꆡꆡꆡꆡꆡꆡꆡꆡꆡꆡꆡꆡꆡꆡꆡꆡꆡꆡꆡꆡꆡꆡꆡꆡꆡꆡ틗헟뗄늻좷뚨탔뫍뷰죚퇜짺욷붻틗뛮뗄탩쓢탔,뻶뚨쇋퓚뷰죚퇜짺욷붻틗뮷뷚ퟮ쫊뫏뿎헷뗄쮰훖쫇탐캪쮰ꆪꆪꆪ붻틗쮰,뛸늻쫇쇷쮰ꆣ뷨본맺췢뗄뿎쮰뺭퇩폫뷡뫏컒맺쮰훆뗄쿖쪵,컒쏇죏캪,펦붫쿖폐뗄횤좯펡뮨쮰룄퓬캪맦랶뗄뷰죚짌욷붻틗쮰ꆣ뷰죚짌욷붻틗쮰쫇뛔쯹폐듓쫂뷰죚짌욷붻틗뗄춶헟,틔웤뷰죚짌욷뗄붻틗뛮캪헷쮰뛔쿳,쯹뿎헷뗄튻훖탐캪쮰ꆣ퓚뷰죚짌욷붻틗쮰훖쿂짨솢뷰죚믹뒡짌욷붻틗(막욱ꆢ횤좯ꆢ믹뷰)폫뷰죚퇜짺짌욷붻틗(웚믵ꆢ웚좨ꆢ웤쯻퇜짺욷)솽룶뛾벶쮰쒿럖뇰뿎헷쮰싊늻춬뗄붻틗쮰ꆣ뛾ꆢ맘폚뷰죚퇜짺욷쫕틦뮷뷚뗄뿎쮰첽쳖뻍뷰죚퇜짺욷붻틗쯹뗃뿎쮰뛸퇔,맺쓚췢헹싛뗄붹뗣벯훐퓚솽룶컊쳢짏:튻쫇쫇럱쟸뇰붻틗탔훊뷸탐헷쮰,뛾쫇닉폃뫎훖풭퓲좷뚨쮰믹ꆣ(튻)맘폚쫇럱쟸뇰붻틗탔훊뿎쮰뗄첽쳖1.쟸뇰뿎쮰램폫늻쟸뇰뿎쮰램뗄뇈뷏뷰죚퇜짺욷(웚믵)붻틗내붻틗뚯믺늻춬럖캪쳗웚놣횵뫍춶믺솽샠,쳗웚놣횵뗄쒿뗄쫇캪쇋럖즢믲맦뇜뇪뗄닺돐떣믲쏦쇙뗄볛룱늨뚯럧쿕,쯼릹돉쇋쓉쮰죋헽뎣짺닺뺭펪믮뚯뗄폐믺ퟩ돉늿럖,틲뛸,웤쯰틦펦폫짺닺뺭펪헟듓쫂짺닺ꆢ쿺쫛벰웤쯻샍컱믮뚯뗄쯰틦튻퇹,쿭쫜튻냣쯹뗃뗄쮰쫕듽폶;춶믺붻틗퓲틔돐떣럧쿕캪쒿뗄,횼퓚춨맽싲뿕믲싴뿕좡볛닮쫕틦,웤쯰틦쫴폚놾쯰쪧믲쫕틦,틲뛸펦쫊폃놾샻뗃쮰쫕듽폶,헢뻍쫇샭싛짏뗄쟸뇰뿎쮰램ꆣ틔웚믵붻틗캪샽,쟸뇰뿎쮰램폫늻쟸뇰뿎쮰램뗄닮틬훷튪뇭쿖퓚틔쿂랽쏦:(1)쫊폃쮰싊늻춬ꆣ내늻쟸뇰뿎쮰램,튻냣쯹뗃폫놾샻뗃쫊폃춬튻쮰싊;내쟸뇰뿎쮰램,뛾헟쫊폃늻춬쮰싊ꆣ듓샭싛짏붲,튻냣쯹뗃쫇볛횵퓶횵,뛸놾샻뗃쫇믵뇒퓶횵,늢늻듺뇭닆뢻뗄뗈솿퓶뎤,틲뛸뢺쮰쓜솦뷏볛횵퓶횵죵,펦룃뢺떣뷏튻냣쯹뗃룼쟡뗄쮰뢺ꆣ뛔놾쯰쪧뗄뒦샭냬램늻춬ꆣ퓚늻쟸뇰뿎쮰램쿂,놾쯰틦폫튻냣쯰틦뫏늢볆헷쯹뗃쮰,쯹틔,놾쯰쪧볈뿉틔돥뗖놾쫕틦,튲뿉틔돥뗖튻냣쯹뗃;퓚쟸뇰뿎쮰램쿂,놾쯰쪧튻냣횻쓜퓚놾쫕틦뗄랶캧쓚폨틔뗖늹,떱쓪뗖늹늻ퟣ뗄늿럖,뿉틔춨맽놾쯰쪧뗝퇓,폃틔뫳쓉쮰쓪뛈뗄놾쫕틦뗖늹,튲폐튻킩맺볒뗄쮰램맦뚨,놾뺻쯰쪧뿉돥뗖튻냣쯹뗃,떫튻냣뚼폐튻뚨뗄쿞뛮맦뚨,죧쏀맺룶죋쯹뗃쮰램맦뚨쎿룶쓉쮰쓪뛈뗄돥뗖뛮늻뗃뎬맽3000쏀풪ꆣ(2)쮰믹좷뚨풭퓲뫍랽램늻춬ꆣ늻쟸뇰뿎쮰램쿂,튻냣쯹뗃뫍놾샻뗃쫊폃쿠춬뗄쮰믹좷뚨풭퓲;쟸뇰뿎쮰램쿂,뛔쳗웚놣횵닉폃뗝퇓뷡쯣풭퓲,늻쫜훰죕뚢쫐훆뛈뗄훆풼,뛸춶믺붻틗퓲쫊폃췆뚨쯹뗃풭퓲믲쯰틦쪵쿖풭퓲,퓚췆뚨쯹뗃풭퓲쿂,붻틗붫쫜훰죕뚢쫐뗄퇏룱쿞훆ꆣ2.컒맺헷쮰랽램뗄톡퓱뛔폚컒맺웚믵쯹뗃뗄헷쮰,쫇럱펦쟸뇰붻틗탔훊뿎쮰,맺쓚폐뷘좻늻춬뗄솽훖맛뗣,룹뻝컒맺뗄쪵볊ힴ뿶,컒쏇퓞춬쪵쪩늻쟸뇰뿎쮰램ꆣ훷헅쪵탐쟸뇰뿎쮰램뗄맛뗣죏캪,컒맺웚믵쫐뎡짏쳗웚놣횵퇏훘늻ퟣ,뛸춶믺맽뛈,쿷죵쇋웚믵쫐뎡뗄럖즢럧쿕릦쓜,틲뛸펦퓚쮰쫕헾닟짏뛔솽훖붻틗쟸뇰뛔듽,맄샸쳗웚놣횵,뛸쿞훆춶믺ꆣ훷헅쪵탐늻쟸뇰뿎쮰램뗄맛뗣뗄훷튪싛뻝죧쿂:뗚튻,틔붻틗헟뗄훷맛뚯믺캪뇪ힼ살뮮럖쯹뗃탔훊뗄ퟶ램퓚샭싛짏쫇횵뗃짌좶ꆣ쳗웚놣횵헟뫍춶믺헟쯤좻퓚붻틗쒿뗄짏폐쯹늻춬,떫웤붻틗뗄놾훊뚼쫇춨맽풤횧놾(놣횤뷰)살믱좡캴살쫕틦,틲뛸뚼쫴폚놾닺붻틗뗄랶돫,웤붻틗쯹뗃샭펦맩캪놾쯹뗃ꆣ죧죴튪퓚샭싛짏캪쟸뇰뿎쮰톰헒틀뻝,쓇튲쫇틲캪쳗웚놣22' 1994-2014 China Academic Journal Electronic Publishing House. All rights reserved.
ꆡꆡꆡꆡꆡꆡꆡꆡꆡꆡꆡꆡꆡꆡꆡꆡꆡꆡꆡꆡꆡꆡꆡꆡꆡꆡꆡꆡꆶ뚫쓏톧쫵ꆷ2008쓪뗚5웚횵폫쿠맘짌욷뗄쿖믵붻틗뷴쏜쿠솬,붵뗍쇋웤볛룱럧쿕,뛸춶믺붻틗헟좴튪돐떣뷏룟뗄럧쿕,틲뛸펦퓚뿎쮰듽폶짏폐쯹쟸뇰ꆣ뗚뛾,쟸뇰뿎쮰램퓚쪵볹랽쏦쏦쇙닙ퟷ쓑뗣ꆣ쫗쿈쟸럖솽훖늻춬탔훊뗄붻틗쓑ꆣ쟸럖솽훖늻춬탔훊뗄붻틗,헢쫇쟸뇰뿎쮰뗄잰쳡,떫평폚뛔웚믵붻틗내붻틗뚯믺뫍쒿뗄뷸탐쟸럖횻쫇튻훖맛쓮짏뗄랽램,뛾헟뗄뷧쿞늢늻쏷쿔,튪붫웤쳥쿖캪뻟쳥뗄쳵볾쏦쇙뫜뛠삧쓑,룷맺뚼뮹캴톰헒떽튻쳵탐횮폐킧뗄뷢뻶춾뺶,헢튲쫇탭뛠맺볒럅웺쟸뇰뿎쮰랽쪽뗄풭틲ꆣ뻍컒맺뗄쿖ힴ뛸퇔,웚믵쫐뎡랢햹짐뒦폚웰늽뷗뛎,탭뛠랽쏦뚼?듽췪짆,웤훐튻킩컊쳢횱뷓훆풼쟸뇰뿎쮰랽쪽퓚컒맺뗄펦폃,죧맺췢튻냣튪쟳뛔솽샠붻틗럖뇰짨솢쳗웚놣횵헋뮧뫍춶믺헋뮧,헢캪쮰쫕헷맜쳡릩쇋벫듳뗄랽뇣,뛸컒맺늢쎻폐헢랽쏦뗄쏷좷튪쟳;폖죧쏀맺튪쟳춶믺붻틗뗄쮰컱믡볆뒦샭쫊폃훰죕뚢쫐훆뛈,틔킭훺쮰컱믺맘퇩쏷춶믺헟뗄헻룶붻틗쇷돌,컒맺뗄쮰컱믡볆훆뛈뮹듦퓚뫜듳좱쿝,뛔웚믵붻틗뗄쮰컱믡볆뒦샭룼쫇쓑틔맋벰ꆣ훮죧듋샠뗄컊쳢뗃뛔솽샠붻틗뗄죏뚨좱랦쳵볾,볓횮쮰쫕헷맜쮮욽늻룟,쮰컱죋풱쯘훊잷병,죴쎤쒿닉폃쟸뇰뿎쮰랽쪽,컞틉믡닺짺탭뛠쮰쫕뻀럗,죅싒웚믵쫐뎡뗄헽뎣퓋ퟷꆣ웤듎쟸럖뎤웚놾샻뗃뫍뛌웚놾샻뗃쓑ꆣ돽쇋쟸럖튻냣쯹뗃뫍놾샻뗃,맺췢뮹뛔놾샻뗃쟸뇰뎤뛌웚뷸탐뿎쮰,뛌웚놾샻뗃췹췹폫튻냣쯹뗃튻쫓춬죊,횻폐뎤웚놾샻뗃닅쓜쿭쫜폅믝듽폶,뛸뎤뛌웚뗄뮮럖튻냣쫇틔쪱볤캪뇪ힼ뗄,죧쏀맺붫돖폐쪱볤퓚튻쓪틔짏뗄닺쯹믱뗃뗄샻뗃뷧뚨캪뎤웚놾샻뗃ꆣ뻟쳥떽웚믵붻틗쯹뗃짏,헢훖에뚨뇪ힼ쿔좻쫇쓑틔쫊폃뗄,틲캪웚믵뫏풼뗄돖폐웚튻냣뫜뛌,ퟮ뎤튲늻맽뻅룶퓂,뫜쓑돆웤캪뎤웚놾,벴뇣쏣잿볓틔뮮럖,죧뛔뚨돖폐웚퓚쇹룶퓂틔짏뗄웚믵뫏풼샻뗃캪뎤웚놾샻뗃,튲쓑틔ힼ좷쳥쿖웚믵붻틗뗄탔훊,틲캪춶믺헟뿉쓜틲캴톰헒떽믱샻믺믡뛸뷏뎤쪱볤뗄돖폐뫏풼,쳗웚놣횵헟튲뿉쓜틲쓜뫏샭풤웚캴살ퟟ쫆뛸쳡퓧욽닖,헢튻헏낭튲쪹뗃쟸뇰뿎쮰램쓑틔뎹뗗쪵쪩ꆣ뗚죽,춶믺헟폫쳗웚놣횵헟쫇쿠뢨쿠돉,좱튻늻뿉뗄ꆣ춶믺헟쫇쳗웚놣횵헟쯹쾣췻틆뗄볛룱럧쿕뗄돐떣헟,쯻쳡릩쳗웚놣횵헟쯹탨뗄럧쿕뷰,퓶볓붻틗솿뫍쫐뎡뗄쇷뚯탔,듙뷸뇜쿕쒿뗄뗄쪵쿖,쳗웚놣횵헟뗄듦퓚퓲쫇쳥쿖웚믵쫐뎡릦쓜뗄뿍맛믹뒡,쓇훖죏캪춶믺붻틗벴펦쫇쿞훆뛔쿳뗄맛뗣쫇욬쏦뗄ꆣ뗚쯄,맦랶쫐뎡쫇훎놾횮뗀ꆣ펦죏쪶떽웚믵쫐뎡맽뛈춶믺뗄퓰죎늢늻퓚춶믺헟믲춶믺믮뚯놾짭,컒맺뗄맽뛈춶믺쿖쿳훷튪쫇평폚웚믵쫐뎡퓋탐늻맦랶ꆢ쿖믵쫐뎡랢폽늻췪짆뫍뺭볃샻틦훷쳥럧쿕틢쪶늻잿뗈풭틲퓬돉뗄,웚믵쫐뎡폫쿖믵쫐뎡퇏훘췑샫,쿖믵쫐뎡탅쾢뇕죻뗈뚼붵뗍쇋웚믵쫐뎡뛔쳗웚놣횵헟뗄컼틽솦,듓뛸틽랢맽뛈춶믺ꆣ퓚헢훖쟩뿶쿂,튻캶듓쮰쫕짏살틖훆춶믺탐캪,쿔좻쫇훎뇪늻훎놾뗄,쯼뿉쓜복짙쫐뎡훐뗄춶믺헟쫽솿,떫늢늻쓜컼틽룼뛠쳗웚놣횵헟뗄닎폫,ퟮ훕뗄뷡맻붫쫇붵뗍웚믵쫐뎡뗄놾쇷뚯탔,복짙붻틗솿,ퟨ낭컒맺웚믵쫐뎡뗄뷸튻늽랢햹ꆣ(뛾)맘폚좷뚨쯹뗃쮰믹뗄풭퓲뗄첽쳖퓚맺볊짏,쮰컱톧헟쏇틑뺭첽쳖맽좷뚨뷰죚퇜짺욷쯹뗃쮰쮰믹뗄풭퓲폫랽램,훷튪폐뫏늢뿎쮰램폫럖샫뿎쮰램ꆢ쫕뢶쪵쿖뿎쮰램폫쫐볛뿎쮰램ꆢힷ쯝뿎쮰램폫릫쪽헷쮰램틔벰쮰컱폫닆컱뒦샭뫏튻램뗈랽램ꆣ1.쯹뗃쫽솿뗄죏뚨:뫏늢뿎쮰램폫럖샫뿎쮰램(1)뫏늢뿎쮰풭퓲폫랽램ꆣ퓚맺볊짏,폐늻짙맺볒ퟱ톭ꆰ늻럖뷢풭퓲ꆱ살좷뚨뷰죚퇜짺욷쯹뗃쮰쮰믹ꆣ램맺퓚쪵볹훐맡뎹헢훖풭퓲,웤쮰램붫뷰죚퇜짺릤뻟쟸럖캪폐ퟩ횯뗄쫐뎡닺욷뫍뎡췢닺욷,뛔뎡췢뷰죚퇜짺릤뻟,맦뚨횻폐퓚뫍풼뷡쫸쪱,닅뛔폐맘샻죳헷쮰ꆣ쏀맺뛔막욱웚좨붻틗쯹뗃뗄좷뚨튲쫇닉폃헢튻풭퓲ꆣ헢훖헷쮰랽쪽쫇붫솽룶믲뛠룶쿠뮥뗖쿻뗄붻틗뫏늢뾼싇,ퟛ뫏뷸탐쮰컱뒦샭ꆣ뫏늢헷쮰램냼삨늿럖헻뫏램폫췪좫헻뫏램ꆣ늿럖헻뫏램쫇횸쮰쫕23' 1994-2014 China Academic Journal Electronic Publishing House. All rights reserved.
ꆶ뚫쓏톧쫵ꆷ2008쓪뗚5웚ꆡꆡꆡꆡꆡꆡꆡꆡꆡꆡꆡꆡꆡꆡꆡꆡꆡꆡꆡꆡꆡꆡꆡꆡꆡꆡꆡꆡ훆뛈횻쫇붫쳘뚨뗄붻틗뷸탐뫏늢헷쮰ꆣ샽죧,쳗ퟶ(내춬튻싄풼볛뫍떽웚죕붫뛔춬튻풭쪼닺뗄뛠춷뾴헇뫍뛠춷뾴뗸뷸탐뫏늢)뻍쫇튻룶뗤탍뗄샽ퟓꆣ뺡맜뾴헇뫍뾴뗸뗄쫕틦뫍뿷쯰ퟜ쫇쿠뗖뗄,떫쫇,죧맻뿷쯰뿉폐톡퓱뗘쪵쿖,뻍믡뛔쓉쮰죋듸살뫃뒦ꆣ퓚듋쟩뿶쿂뗄뫏늢맦퓲횻퓊탭뾴헇뫍뾴뗸춷듧뚼뷡쟥쪱,닅퓊탭헢훖톡퓱탔뗄쪵쿖ꆣ듋췢,붫뛔돥붻틗뗄쫕틦뫍뿷쯰뗝퇓훁뛔돥릤뻟뷡쯣쪱뗄맦뚨,튲횻쫇뻖늿탔뗄맦뚨,틲캪뷸튻늽뗄뫏늢맦뚨뿉붫뛔돥릤뻟쯹폐뗄쫕틦뫍뿷쯰뗝퇓훁풭쪼놻뛔돥닺뷡쯣횮죕ꆣ뫏늢헷쮰램폐샻폚듙뷸닉폃뒴탂뷰죚릤뻟뷸탐폐킧뇜쿕,늻믡틲쮰쫕풭틲뛸붵뗍뇜쿕킧펦ꆣ떫쫇헢훖내헷쮰랽램뗄컊쳢쫇:ꋙ헢퇹뗄쓉쮰틥컱랢짺쪱볤쫇럱릫욽?볈좻뷰죚퇜짺릤뻟뻟폐튻훖붻틗쓚몬쇭튻훖붻틗뗄뫏돉탔훊,쓇쎴뛔웤뿎쮰튲펦닉좡폐뇰폚뒫춳붻틗랽쪽뗄헷쮰쒣쪽ꆣ죧맻냑튻룶뷰죚퇜짺릤뻟쫓캪춬튻붻틗쪵쳥믲떥뛀붻틗,틔웤쯻탎쪽퓚훐볤맽돌횧뢶샻죳복짙믲쳦듺ퟮ훕싄탐쪱뗄횧뢶뛮,붫복짙펦쓉쮰쯹뗃뛮,짵훁쪹쮰쫕맜쾽좨실뿕ꆣPlambcck,Rosenblom뫍Rins(1996)틔듻뿮캪샽쮵쏷퓚풤뢶뮥뮻훐,떥뛀붻틗뻍놻릫뾪횧뢶뎡췢붻틗펶뷰뗄랽쪽쯹퇚쫎ꆣꋚ헷맜뗄삧쓑ꆣ퓚헷쮰쪵볹훐,쫗쿈,쓑틔냑컕늻춬퇜짺욷붻틗뫏늢뗄돌뛈ꆣ웤듎,쓑틔퓚냑컕쓉쮰죋틢춼뗄믹뒡짏,쟸럖쿠맘붻틗,뷸뛸뷸탐뫏늢ꆣ샽죧,탭뛠믬뫏닺욷(죧뗴웚)뗄쿠맘붻틗벸뫵늻뿉쓜뫋쪵뗄,탨튪폐췪짆뷰죚램맦쿠엤쳗ꆣ(2)럖샫뿎쮰풭퓲폫랽램ꆣ평폚뷰죚퇜짺욷뗄쯹뗃쓑틔뮮럖,틲듋,튻킩맺볒닉폃ꆰ럖샫붻틗풭퓲ꆱ뷸탐뿎쮰ꆣ웤뗤탍듺뇭쫇펢맺,펢맺붫ꆰ럖샫풭퓲ꆱ쏷좷뗘놻퓋폃폚샻싊뫏풼ꆢ샻싊웚좨뫏풼ꆢ믵뇒뫏풼ꆢ믵뇒웚좨뫏풼ꆢ햮컱뫏풼틔벰햮컱웚좨뫏풼;죰쪿튲뛔뮥뮻뫏풼맦뚨,훐웚뗄쫕죫(횧돶)탨튪쓉쮰(믲뿉뷸탐쓉쮰뿛돽),뫏풼폐킧웚쓚뗄쫕죫튪퓚쯹쫴쓉쮰쓪뛈헷쮰ꆣ닉폃럖샫랽쪽뛔뷰죚퇜짺욷뷸탐헷쮰쫇믹폚헢퇹뗄싟벭:틲캪퇜짺욷쫇평늻춬뗄닺욷릹돉뗄,쯹틔뿉뛔헢킩늻춬뗄릹돉닺욷럖뾪헷쮰ꆣ헢훖헷쮰풭퓲틢캶ퟅ쎿튻룶떥뛀뫏풼뚼튪햾퓚ퟔ짭뷇뛈짏,춬믹뒡붻틗럖샫뾪살뾴듽ꆣ쯹틔,뷰죚퇜짺릤뻟뗄펦쮰쯹뗃뛮튻냣캪튻뚨믡볆웚볤쓚쯹폐떽웚뿮쿮믲펦뢶뿮쿮뗄뺻횵ꆣ듓샭싛짏붲,럖샫헷쮰랽램럻뫏릫욽풭퓲,틲캪쯼쳥쿖쇋내뺭볃쪵훊헷쮰,쿠춬뺭볃믮뚯쫊폃쿠춬뗄쮰쫕듽폶,뛸늻쫇내뷰죚짌욷뗄램싉탎쪽헷쮰ꆣ웤듎,쯼뿉틔퓚뒫춳뗄쯹뗃쮰훆뛈쿂놣쇴뛔쒳킩늻춬닺뗄쮰쫕듽폶ꆣ퓙헟,쯼쓜릻쿻돽춶헟샻폃퇜짺닺욷듯떽뇜쮰뗄쒿뗄ꆣ좻뛸,쪹폃헢튻풭퓲튲믡돶쿖틔쿂컊쳢:뗚튻,맘솪볤뷓춶뗄늻뛔돆쮰쫕듽폶ꆣ컒쏇틔쳗웚놣횵캪샽ퟓ틔쮵쏷ꆣ샽죧튻룶춶헟쪹폃풶웚뫏풼,뛔췢뇒햮좯뷸탐쳗웚놣횵(볙짨늻뾼싇믣싊뇤뚯,쟒쫊폃쮰싊캪20%),짨춶헟돖폐햮좯믱샻25풪,뷰죚퇜짺릤뻟쯰쪧15풪,죧맻룃쯰쪧늻쓜듓햮좯뗄쫕틦훐뿛돽,퓲쮰뫳쯹뗃붫쫇25-5(펦쓉쮰뛮)-15=5풪;죧맻햮좯뗄쯰쪧뿉틔듓훐뿛돽,퓲펦쓉쮰쯹뗃뛮캪25-15=10풪,쮰뫳쯹뗃붫캪10-2(펦쓉쮰뛮)=8풪ꆣ평폚쳗웚놣횵몬폐늻뿉뿛쯰쪧늻쓜놻햮좯릤뻟쏖늹뗄럧쿕,퓚5풪뗄쯹뗃짙폚풤웚쪱,춶헟뻍믡쿲폫웤쯻뷰죚퇜짺릤뻟뗄ퟩ뫏ꆣ룃샽쮵쏷,죧맻늻춬ퟩ뫏럖샫뫳듦퓚늻뛔돆뗄쮰쫕듽폶,뻍늻뿉쓜뇜쏢뗘닺짺얤쟺,믲쫇뛔춶헟폐샻,믲쫇뛔헾뢮폐샻,늢뿉쓜틲듋룄뇤춶헟뗄톡퓱ꆣ뗚뛾,쓑틔쒳훖쳘폐뗄랽쪽뛔뷰죚퇜짺욷럖샫헷쮰ꆣ평폚퇜짺욷쫇평뛠훖늻춬뗄믹뒡닺욷릹돉뗄,틲듋쓑틔쒳훖쳘폐랽쪽뛔퇜짺욷럖샫헷쮰ꆣ틔믲폐햮컱캪샽,만뚨햮컱뫍뛠춷풶웚뫏춬닺욷놾짭폖뿉럖돉늻춬뗄릤뻟ꆣ춬쪱,뛔만뚨뫍뿉뇤쿖뷰쇷뚯뷸탐뗴웚튲믡닺짺늻춬뗄쮰쫕뷡맻,뻟쳥튪뾴헢훖뗴웚쫇뿉럖돉만뚨뫍뢡뚯햮컱,믲쫇뿉럖돉튻쾵쇐뗄풶웚뫏춬ꆣ헢킩뚼믡닺짺잱퓚늻춬뗄쮰쫕뷡맻ꆣ뛸쟒,평폚뷰죚퇜짺릤뻟쫇튻훖뫏돉뗄퇜짺붻틗,죧맻내헕럖뷢풭퓲,뺿뺹튪럖뷢떽쪲쎴돌뛈닅쫇헦헽틢틥짏뗄ꆰ떥뛀ꆱ?뗚죽,늻샻폚랢믓뗄뇜24' 1994-2014 China Academic Journal Electronic Publishing House. All rights reserved.
ꆡꆡꆡꆡꆡꆡꆡꆡꆡꆡꆡꆡꆡꆡꆡꆡꆡꆡꆡꆡꆡꆡꆡꆡꆡꆡꆡꆡꆶ뚫쓏톧쫵ꆷ2008쓪뗚5웚쿕릦쓜ꆣ뷰죚퇜짺욷놾짭뻍쫇튻훖캪듯떽럧쿕럖뷢쯹뷸탐뗄뒴탂릤뻟,붨솢튻훖퇜짺욷놾짭뻍뒴퓬쇋뷸튻늽뗄뺭볃볛횵(살ퟔ폚ퟛ뫏),튪평튻룶쿠뛔뗄헻쳥붻틗닅쓜쪵쿖헢튻쒿뗄,뛸떥뛀살뾴,쎿훖릹돉닺욷퓲늻뻟폐헢퇹뗄볛횵ꆣ틲듋죧맻쪵탐럖샫헷쮰,폐뿉쓜얤쟺퓋폃뷰죚릤뻟뒴탂뷸탐뇜쿕뗄쪵볊킧펦,캥놳쮰쫕훐탔뗄쒿뇪ꆣ2.쯹뗃쪱볤뗄좷죏:쫕뢶쪵쿖뿎쮰램폫쫐볛뿎쮰램(1)쯰틦쪵쿖뗄뿎쮰풭퓲폫랽램ꆣ캪쇋쿻돽쮰쫕뛔뷰죚퇜짺릤뻟춶탐캪뗄얤쟺,폐뗄맺볒닉좡틔쯰틦쪵쿖풭퓲좷뚨쯹뗃ꆣ헢훖뇪ힼ폖퇜짺돶뷷짷풭퓲뫍헦쪵풭퓲뗈웤쯻헷쮰풭퓲ꆣ뫉삼뻍쪵볹훐닉좡헢훖냬램,웤훐뷷짷풭퓲튪쟳돤럖맀볆룷훖럧쿕뫍쯰쪧,떫쫕틦뗄좷죏퓲췆동떽쪵쿖틔뫳;헦쪵풭퓲튪쟳헦쪵랴펳쪵볊랢짺뗄붻틗믲쫂쿮,죧쳗웚놣횵붻틗훐,늻쓜횻퓚튻럖샠헋훐볇슼쯰쪧,좴쎻폐쏖늹춷듧뗄뛔돥볇슼ꆣ헢훖랽램쯤좻볲뇣틗탐,떫쓑틔펦뛔춶헟샻폃뷰죚퇜짺릤뻟뷸탐뗄쳗쮰믮뚯ꆣ(2)쫐볛뗷헻뗄뿎쮰풭퓲폫랽램ꆣ퓚닉좡뫏늢풭퓲쿂,캪쇋늻쪹뷰죚퇜짺릤뻟훐볤샻죳뗄헷쮰좨실뿕,쿔좻탨튪뢨틔웤쯻헷쮰랽램ꆣAlworth(1998)쳡돶,뛔뷰죚퇜짺릤뻟쯹뗃뗄뿎쮰뇘탫틔퓶횵캪믹뒡,뿉닉폃내쫐볛훘맀볛횵(튲돆훰죕뚢쫐,marking-to-market)풭퓲뷸탐헷쮰ꆣ헢틢캶ퟅ뷰죚퇜짺릤뻟뗄돖폐헟펦떱내틔쿂릫쪽좷뚨펦쓉쮰쯹뗃뛮:펦쓉쮰쯹뗃뛮=쓉쮰웚쓚뗄볛횵뇤뮯=쫕떽뗄죎뫎쿖뷰믲닆닺-횧뢶뗄죎뫎쿖뷰믲닆닺ꆣ틲듋,쫐볛뗷헻램쫇횸뛔쯹폐붻틗퓚쓪훕쪱틔쫐볛볆쯣쯰틦,퓚듋믹뒡짏볆쮰ꆣ쏀맺뫍램맺퓚쪵볹훐닉폃쇋헢튻풭퓲ꆣ쏀맺뛔럇막욱웚좨붻틗쯹뗃뗄좷뚨뻍쫇닉폃헢튻풭퓲ꆣ쏀맺뗄쮰램맦뚨퓚쓉쮰쓪뛈쒩,캴뎥늿럖뫏풼내룃쓪뛈ퟮ뫳솽쳬뫏풼뗄릫욽쫐뎡볛,볆쯣캴쪵쿖쯰틦늢헷쮰(쯰틦뛮닎헕틔잰쓪뛈뫏풼쯹좷죏뗄쯰틦뛮뷸탐쫊떱뗷헻),돶쫛믲쟥닖뫏풼뗄쯰틦뛮뻍쫇횧뢶솿ꆣ램맺뗄쮰램퓲맦뚨폐ퟩ횯뷰죚쫐뎡훐뗄뷰죚웚믵붻틗닉좡내쫐볛훘맀램헷쮰ꆣ듋췢,튻킩맺볒맦뚨쫐볛램뷶쫊폃튻킩짨폐엤뫏헋뗄붻틗헟믲뷰죚훐뷩믺릹뗈쳘뚨늿쏅ꆣ닉폃쫐볛램볆쮰뗄폅뗣쫇늻믡닺짺맩샠쯹뗃뛮뗄쪱뗣컊쳢ꆣ틲캪,퓚쎿룶쓉쮰웚볤뷡쫸쪱,튻훖릤뻟내웤쫐횵폫돉놾뗄닮볛볆쯣뗄쯰틦뚼붫평돖폐죋쇐헋,떱ퟷ틑돶쫛(믲훘탂싲뷸)뒦샭ꆣ뛔폚돉놾,붫내횧돶(쫕떽뗄)쿖뷰뷸탐짏(쿂)뗷헻ꆣ죧맻뛔듋볓틔ퟛ뫏쪵쪩,헢훖랽램뿉틔춨맽뛔내쫐뎡좷뚨뗄쫕틦뫍뿷쯰쫊폃춬퇹뗄쮰싊뗄랽쪽뷢뻶벴쪱늻욽뫢컊쳢,뛸쟒뿉틔춨맽좡쿻뛔쫕죫쇐헋쪱볤짏뗄뾼싇,뷢뻶뿧쪱늻욽뫢컊쳢ꆣ폐샻폚뷢뻶뷰죚퇜짺욷뗄쯹뗃샠뇰컊쳢,늢뿉폐킧뗘복짙쮰쫕맦뇜폫퇓동쓉쮰뗄쿖쿳ꆣ떫쫇,룃랽램튲듦퓚틔쿂뗄컊쳢:ꋙ뛔캴쪵쿖쫕틦헷쮰뗄컊쳢ꆣ죧맻뫏풼듓뚩솢떽훕횹믲쪧킧뗄웚볤쓚뗄볛횵뇤뮯뚼튪쓉죫헷쮰뗄쮰믹,퓲캴쪵쿖뗄쫕틦뻍뿉쓜쪹쓉쮰죋돐쫜쿖뷰쇷뚯뗄뢺떣,뛸쟒죧맻쫕틦캴ퟮ훕쪵쿖,뻍믡뛔쓉쮰죋릹돉헦헽뗄뢺떣ꆣ샽죧,돖폐뗄쒳룶릤뻟늻쫇캪쇋춶믺쒿뗄,횻쫇캪쇋뛔풭쪼닺뷸탐뛔돥ꆣ쓇쎴,퓚뛔풭쪼닺뗄춷듧뷸탐뷡쯣쪱,뻍늻믡쪵쿖뺻쫕틦ꆣ좻뛸,죧맻뛔돥릤뻟놻뗷헻훁쫐횵,뻍믡닺짺쓉쮰틥컱,떫놻뛔돥뗄닺퓲늻믡ꆣ평듋폖튪쟳퓚쮰램훐틔쳘뇰쳵뿮맦뚨냑쓉쮰틥컱췆동떽뫏풼돶쫛믲싄탐틔뫳ꆣꋚ쇷뚯탔뷏닮뗄뷰죚짌욷붻틗뗄맀볛삧쓑ꆣ퓚놾쫐뎡짏,탭뛠퇜짺닺욷늢컞붻틗,믲쫇붻틗뫜짙,틲듋컞램좷뚨뿉뾿뗄쫐뎡볛횵ꆣ뛔폚헢킩ꆰ컞쫐ꆱ퇜짺닺욷,내쫐횵뗷헻믡닺짺퇏훘뗄뚨볛컊쳢ꆣ죧맻웤풭쪼닺놾짭붻틗뫜믮풾,컊쳢퓲룼듳ꆣ죧맻내쫐횵뗷헻뷶쫊폃폚쒳킩릤뻟,떫평폚뚨볛컊쳢늻쫊폃폚웤쯻릤뻟,퓲쓉쮰죋뻍믡뛔웤닺ퟩ뫏훘탂뗷헻,쳗쮰뻍틀좻듦퓚ꆣ듋췢,퇜짺릤뻟ퟷ캪럧쿕럖뷢뗄릤뻟,퓚벼쫵쳘헷짏쫆뇘쫇뷰쪱볤볛횵뗄ퟛ뫏퓋폃,쓇쎴펦룃죧뫎뷸탐ꆰ훘맀ꆱ?ꋛ헷맜돉놾룟ꆣ내쫐횵뗷헻폫뒫춳쯹뗃쮰훆뗄쳘뗣쫇늻튻훂뗄,죧뛔햮컱뫍햮좨틔벰웕춨쫕죫폫놾샻뗃쟸25' 1994-2014 China Academic Journal Electronic Publishing House. All rights reserved.
ꆶ뚫쓏톧쫵ꆷ2008쓪뗚5웚ꆡꆡꆡꆡꆡꆡꆡꆡꆡꆡꆡꆡꆡꆡꆡꆡꆡꆡꆡꆡꆡꆡꆡꆡꆡꆡꆡꆡ뇰뛔듽ꆣ죧맻평폚웤쯻튻킩쮰쫕헾닟랽쏦뗄풭틲,헢훖쳘뗣죔좻듦퓚,쓇뻍뇘탫훆뚨쳘뇰뗄맦뚨살뷢뻶늻튻훂뗄컊쳢ꆣ샽죧,쏀맺붫웚믵붻틗훐닺짺뗄쯹폐쯰틦뚼쫓캪놾샻뗃뛔듽ꆣ좻뛸,뛔폚럇릫쮾쓉쮰죋,퓲60%ퟷ캪뎤웚놾샻뗃,40%ퟷ캪뛌웚놾샻뗃,뫳헟퓲쿱웕춨쫕죫튻퇹헷쮰ꆣ뛔폚뛔돥붻틗,쫕틦뫍뿷쯰횻쫇퓚놻뛔돥뗄닺쿠맘뗄춷듧놻뷡쯣쪱,닅폨쇐헋ꆣ뛸쟒,벴쪹솢램뗄벼쫵쓑뗣쓜릻뷢뻶,쪵쪩뗄헷맜돉놾죔쫇뻞듳뗄ꆣퟛ뫏살뾼달,솽훖뿎쮰랽램뗄폅쇓죧쿂:뗚튻,듓쮰쫕릫욽뷇뛈뾴,쯰틦쪵쿖풭퓲캥놳쇋뫡쿲릫욽풭퓲,틲캪놾쫕틦뗄퓶볓,죧웚뫏풼볛룱뗄짏헇,듺뇭ퟅ뺻닺뗄퓶볓,춬퇹튲듺뇭닺펵폐헟쓉쮰쓜솦뗄쳡룟,내헕뢺떣쓜솦풭퓲,뛔웤쯹뗃뗄뿎쮰튲펦쿠펦퓶볓ꆣ쫐볛뗷헻뿎쮰풭퓲뿋럾쇋헢튻늻ퟣ,뛔캴쪵쿖쯰틦틠폨틔좷죏뗄ퟶ램룼볓럻뫏쮰쫕릫욽풭퓲ꆣ뗚뛾,듓뺭볃킧싊뷇뛈뾴,솽훖ퟷ램뚼붫떼훂킧싊뗄쯰쪧ꆣ쫐볛뗷헻뿎쮰풭퓲뛔캴쪵쿖쯰틦뿎쮰,뿉쓜떼훂쓉쮰죋놻웈퓚쪱믺늻돉쫬쪱붫닺틔늻첫폐샻뗄쳵볾뇤쿖,믲틀뾿햮컱횧뢶쮰쫕,퓬돉웤뷰뗷뛈삧쓑틔벰샻쾢뢺떣볓훘,펰쿬쓉쮰죋뗄뺭볃믮뚯ꆣ쯰틦쪵쿖풭퓲퓲뿉쓜듌벤쓉쮰죋뺡솿췆동쯹뗃뗄쪵쿖쪱볤,듓뛸쪵쿖뇜쮰뗄쒿뗄,헢붫룸뷰죚퇜짺릤뻟쫐뎡뗄헽뎣퓋듸살킧싊쯰쪧,펰쿬쫐뎡뗄붡뾵랢햹ꆣ뗚죽,듓탐헾킧싊뷇뛈뾴,쯰틦쪵쿖풭퓲늻탨움맀캴쪵쿖쯰틦뗄볛횵,틲뛸뷏캪볲뇣;뛸쫐볛뗷헻뿎쮰풭퓲탫뷨훺폚훰죕뚢쫐훆뛈,룃훆뛈뗄닙ퟷ럇뎣뢴퓓폫랱쯶,쮰쫕돉놾룟ꆣ3.쯹뗃쪱볤뗄좷죏:ힷ쯝뿎쮰램ꆢ릫쪽헷쮰램ꆢ쮰컱폫닆믡뒦샭뫏튻램캪쇋쏖늹쫕뢶쪵쿖뿎쮰램폫쫐볛뿎쮰램뗄좱쿝,쮰램톧헟쏇폖쳡돶틔쿂튻킩탂랽램ꆣ(1)릫쪽헷쮰램ꆣ퓚쫕뢶쪵쿖뿎쮰램쿂,쓉쮰죋뿉틔춨맽펦폃뷰죚퇜짺릤뻟췆동쫕틦뗄쪵쿖,듯떽뇜쮰뗄쒿뗄ꆣ캪쇋쏖늹헢룶좱쿝,쏀맺틑뺭쳡돶쇋릫쪽헷쮰램뗄쳡낸ꆣ헢킩쳡낸튻냣쫇만뚨쫕틦릤뻟떽웚쫕틦릫쪽램뗄삩햹,뻟쳥냼삨솽듳샠7훖랽램:ꋙ춶폐쫕틦싊,냼삨풤웚볛횵헷쮰램ꆢ샻뗃뗄ힷ쯝뮮럖ꆢ돖탸뗄떽웚쫕틦싊뗈랽램;ꋚ튻냣쫊폃쫕틦싊,냼삨내헕믹쫽뮻쯣샻쾢ꆢ내헕컞럧쿕쫕틦싊헷쮰ꆢ죎틢뗄샻뗃좷죏죕웚ꆢ튻냣뮯뗄쿖뷰쇷솿헷쮰뗈랽램ꆣ릫쪽헷쮰램뗄뒴탂퓚폚붫풤웚볛횵헷쮰램쫊폃폚믲폐햮컱ꆣ(2)ힷ쯝헷쮰램ꆣ쫐볛뿎쮰램뗄튻룶쳦듺ퟶ램쫇뛔쫕틦뫍뿷쯰믘춷쮰,헢훖랽램뛔폚뷢뻶벴쪱뫍뿧쪱쳗쮰컊쳢춬퇹쫇폐킧뗄,듋랽램쫇평Auerbach(1991쓪)쫗쿈쳡돶뗄,뫳살폖평Bradford(1995쓪)ퟶ쇋튻냣뮯랢햹ꆣ헢훖랽램뗄믹놾쮼쿫뿉폃튻룶쪵샽살쮵쏷ꆣ볙뚨튻룶닺헽뫃쫇솽쓪잰릺싲뗄,쿖퓚틔121쏀풪돶쫛,뛸쟒퓚듋웚볤컞럧쿕,쓪샻싊캪10%ꆣ내Auerbach뗄붨틩,볙짨듋닺뗄릺싲볛룱캪100쏀풪,솽쓪뗄쮰뛮캪펦쮰쮰싊(죧30%)돋틔내컞럧쿕샻싊볆쯣뗄쫕틦,벴뗚튻쓪캪3쏀풪,뗚뛾쓪캪쏀풪ꆣ좻뛸,평폚뗚튻쓪뗄쮰뿮튪퇓훁뗚뛾쓪닅뷉쓉,평듋,쓉쮰죋뛔뗝퇓쮰뛮좡뗃쇋쏀풪뗄샻쾢,헢퇹ퟜ뗄쮰뛮볓샻쾢벴캪쏀풪ꆣ죧맻샻쾢뿉뿛쮰,벴뿉뗃떽쏀풪뗄뿛쮰ꆣ뺻쮰뛮뫍샻쾢볓웰살퓲캪쏀풪ꆣ쪵볊짏,Auerbach붨틩횻쫇뛔돖폐닺뗄믘놨내컞럧쿕샻싊헷쮰ꆣ복좥컞럧쿕샻싊뫳뗄뇟볊쫕틦믲뿷쯰(캪럧쿕돉놾)퓲캴헷쮰,헢쫇늻럻뫏헷쮰싟벭뗄ꆣ뛸뛔쓉쮰죋뛸퇔,튲쎻폐쇋뷸탐벴쪱뫍뿧쪱쳗쮰뗄믽벫탔ꆣ쪵쪩헢훖헷쮰랽램볈늻튪쟳닺쪵볊릺싲랽쏦뗄탅쾢,튲늻탨(쿱내쫐횵뗷헻랽램쓇퇹)뛔닺뗄돉놾믹뒡뷸탐뗷헻ꆣ떱좻,내듋랽램,쮰뛮뿉쓜믡쳡룟,벴쪹쎻폐랢짺쪵볊뿷쯰ꆣ헢훖헷쮰붨틩뗄폐킧탔쫇믹폚헢퇹뗄샭싛뾼싇:평폚쯹뗃쮰복짙쇋쮰뫳쫕틦뫍쮰뫳뿷쯰(볙뚨뿷쯰쫇뿉ퟷ쮰잰뿛돽뗄),럧쿕돉놾복좥뿛돽뫳뗄쮰뛮펦쫇쇣ꆣBradford붨틩춨맽내죋캪쮰싊뛔럧쿕돉놾뷸탐헷쮰,뷸뛸뛔Auerbach쳡돶뗄붨틩ퟷ쇋튻냣뮯뗄닻쫶,벴퓚쮰쫕뺻뛮26' 1994-2014 China Academic Journal Electronic Publishing House. All rights reserved.
ꆡꆡꆡꆡꆡꆡꆡꆡꆡꆡꆡꆡꆡꆡꆡꆡꆡꆡꆡꆡꆡꆡꆡꆡꆡꆡꆡꆡꆶ뚫쓏톧쫵ꆷ2008쓪뗚5웚훐쳥쿖쇋쒳훖쫕죫,뛸헢뗣퓚Auerbach뗄붨틩훐퓲놻뫶싔쇋,떫쿱Auerbach뗄붨틩튻퇹,Bradford뗄붨틩튲캴뛔쳗쮰쇴쿂죎뫎믺믡ꆣAuerbach뫍Bradford쳡돶뗄헷쫕믘춷쮰뗄랽낸쯤좻퓚샭싛짏폐뗀샭,떫듓헷맜뷇뛈뫍헾훎짏뾴,퓲캴뺭맽볬퇩,틢듳샻퓸뺭쫔춼닉폃헢훖랽램,떫뫳살폖럅웺쇋ꆣ(3)쮰컱뒦샭폫닆컱믡볆뒦샭쿠튻훂뗄풭퓲ꆣ퓚헢훖풭퓲횮쿂,퇜짺뷰죚짌욷뗄쮰컱뒦샭냼삨쯹뗃뛮뗄죏뚨뫍쯹뗃믱뗃뗄쪱볤좷뚨뗈뚼닉폃닆컱믡볆뗄ힼ퓲,늻퓙떥뛀훆뚨볆쮰틀뻝ꆣ헢훖랽램뗄폅뗣쪵볊복짙헷쓉쮫랽뗄쮰쫕돉놾ꆣ퓚닆컱믡볆폫쮰컱믡볆튻훂뗄맺볒,죧맻믡볆ힼ퓲쓜뷏뫃랴펳뺭볃믮뚯ힴ뿶,쓇쎴튲쓜릻뷏뫃뗘랴펳퇜짺뷰죚짌욷뗄뺭볃쪵훊ꆣ떫웤좱쿝쫇죝틗퓬돉쮰죋맦뇜쮰쫕,폈웤쫇퓚닆컱믡볆폫쮰컱믡볆럖샫뗄맺볒,뫜뛠붻틗늻쇐죫닆컱놨뇭,닉폃폫닆컱믡볆튻훂뗄뒦샭풭퓲,뻍뫜폐뿉쓜쫨슩펦쮰뗄쯹뗃뛮ꆣퟛ짏쯹쫶,퓚뷰죚퇜짺릤뻟뗄헷쮰훐,뫜쓑틀뾿떥튻뗄랽쪽살뷢뻶뷰죚퇜짺욷뗄헷쮰컊쳢ꆣ쎿훖랽쪽뚼폐폅뗣뫍뻖쿞탔ꆣ내쫐볛헷쮰램뿉폃폚튻킩붻틗믮풾뗄릤뻟,틔벰쓇킩믡볆훆뛈틑믹폚내쫐볛뗷헻풭퓲뗄쓉쮰죋(죧뷰죚훐뷩믺릹),뛸럖샫헷쮰뫍뫏늢헷쮰뿉틔늢폃,믲쫇내릤뻟뫍붻틗뗄탔훊폐톡퓱뗘쫊폃ꆣ듳뛠쫽뺭뫏ퟩ횯맺볒뚼닉폃헢훖랽쪽ꆣ헢틢캶ퟅퟮ캪폐킧뗄헾닟쫇헫뛔늻춬뗄쟩뿶톡퓱ퟮ병뗄랽쪽ꆣ틲듋컒맺펦룃헫뛔늻춬뗄뷰죚퇜짺릤뻟ꆢ늻춬뗄붻틗탔훊틔벰늻춬뗄헷맜쳵볾톡퓱ퟩ뫏ퟮ병뗄헷쮰랽램ꆣ닎뾼컄쿗:틼틴욵:ꆶ놾쫐뎡쮰훆폅뮯퇐뺿ꆷ,훐맺닆헾뺭볃돶냦짧2006쓪냦ꆣ뫺볌횮훷뇠:ꆶ뷰죚퇜짺닺욷벰럧쿕맜샭ꆷ,훐맺뷰죚돶냦짧1997쓪냦ꆣ쇵맣쿩:ꆶ싛뷰죚릤뻟뒴탂뛔쮰쫕뗄돥믷ꆷ,ꆶ닆뺭퇐뺿ꆷ2003쓪뗚3웚ꆣ짏몣웚믵붻틗쯹:ꆶ좫쟲퇜짺욷쫐뎡랢햹쟷쫆폫훐맺뗄톡퓱ꆷ,냙볒돶냦짧2003쓪냦ꆣ뺰쓋좨ꆢ쎫뷝ꆢ샮쳎:ꆶ훐맺췆탐막욱횸쫽웚믵붻틗뗄쿖쪵틢틥ꆢ뿉탐탔쳵볾뫍닟싔럖컶ꆷ,ꆶ맺볊뷰죚퇐뺿ꆷ2001쓪뗚9웚ꆣ훐맺뷰죚쮰훆룄룯퇐뺿킡ퟩ뇠훸:ꆶ훐맺뷰죚쮰훆룄룯퇐뺿ꆷ,훐맺쮰컱돶냦짧2004쓪냦ꆣ퇮뒿뮪:ꆶ컒맺닆닺쮰룄룯퇐뺿ꆷ,ꆶ뢣붨싛첳(죋컄짧믡뿆톧냦)ꆷ2005쓪뗚2웚ꆣ27' 1994-2014 China Academic Journal Electronic Publishing House. All rights reserved.
