ֻ11जֻ2௹۽ြ۽ӱ୍3ᄅIndustrMarch2008ialEngineeringJournalگᄖӁ༢Էྍຩ֥ܒࡹࠣٳ༅ᆞڃ,ွࣁڞ(༆К۽ြն࿐ܵ࿐ჽ,༆༆ν710072)ᅋေ:ᄝٳ༅گᄖӁ༢Էྍଽݤބหᆘ֥ࠎԤഈ,ܒࡹਔگᄖӁ༢ԷྍຩଆbՖሧჷေaܵေaቆᆮေބᅞေ֩4۱ٚ૫ٳ༅ਔ༢ࠢӮഅᄝԷྍຩᇏ֥ਵ֝࢘ބނྏቔႨ,ฐษਔླྀቔഅaႨა༢ࠢӮഅᄝඌᆩ്܋ཚaሧჷᆜކބྐ༏ࢌੀ֩ٚ૫֥ކቔܱ༢,ؓᆟکᄝԷྍຩᇏϲဆ֥࢘ބᆦӻቔႨࣉྛਔӂඍbܱՍ:گᄖӁ༢;Էྍຩଆ;ॴቆᆮކቔ;Էྍܵᇏٳোݼ: ໓ངѓ്:A ໓ᅣщݼ:1007 7375(2008)02 0012 05StudyofComplexProductInnovationConstructionandAnalysisoftheSystemLiZheng feng,YeJin fu(ManagementSchoo,lNorthwesternPolytechnicalUniversity,Xi an710072,China)Abstract:Basedontheexplanationoftheconceptandcharacteristicofcomplexproductandsystem(CoPS)innovation,,managemen,,collaborativeorganizations,andclientsisdiscussedfromtheas pectsofknowledgesharing,:complexproductandsystem;innovationnetworkmode;linter organizationalcollaboration;in novationmanagement گᄖӁ༢(complexproductandsystem,ᄝگᄖӁ༢Էྍݖӱᇏ,ႮႿӁ֥گᄖCoPS)֥ۀ൞20ൗࡀ90୍սᇏ௹ႇݓSussexնྟaଆॶ߄ބྟ֝ᇁਔളӁބषؿЇݣሢྸ؟࿐࢝൱HobdayބRush֩ದิԛ֥b֒భܱႿCoPSّঌߌބمყ࠹֥ؿྟ,༢षؿބളӁݖӱ֥࣮ᇶေࠢᇏᄝၛ༯ࠫ۱ٚ૫:H[1]obdayaDa ᇏсಖടࠣ֞ॴቆᆮކቔԷྍ֥ܵ໙,ี๙ބ[2]viesބG[3]annฐษਔگᄖӁ༢֥ቆᆮྙൔ,ླྀטӮູԷྍӮۿ֥ׄބܱၹbၹՎ,ࠎႿᆷԛཛଢᇅቆᆮ(projectbasedorganization,PBO)൞ཛଢᇅ֥ቆᆮࢲܒ,ܒࡹگᄖӁ༢Էྍຩ,ࣉᆌؓCoPSቋކൡ֥ቆᆮྙൔ;M[4]ollaK5]um[arބطٳ༅۲ཌྷܱ০ၭಕุᄝຩᇏ෮ఏ֥ቔႨࠣཌྷH[6]ansen࣮ਔگᄖӁ༢षؿ֥ࣜဒބܱ࢝༢,ؓႿ՜ࣉ۲ٚᆭࡗ֥๙აླྀט,ЌᆣگᄖӁ,ิԛਔЌᆣگᄖӁ༢Ӯۿषؿ֥ႋؓծീѩࣉ༢Էྍ֥ඨ০ࣉྛऎႵᇗေၩၬbྛਔൌᆣ࣮;H[7 8]obdayؓگᄖӁ༢֥Էྍܵ1 گᄖӁ༢Էྍ֥ଽݤބหᆘࣉྛਔಆ૫ฐษ,Їওቆᆮྙൔaି৯ҩ؇aܵൌaᆟکᆟҦބӁളଁᇛ௹֩bH[9]obdayᄝ ӁگᄖྟaԷྍაӁြࢲܒ!၂൬۠ರ௹:2006 12 26ࠎࣁཛଢ:ݴॢ॓࿐ࠎࣁሧᇹཛଢ(05J53068)ቔᆀࡥࢺ:ᆞڃ(1981 ),ଳ,ࡾ්സದ,Ѱൖ࣮ള,ᇶေ࣮ٚཟູඌԷྍaཛଢܵ.
ֻ2௹ᆞڃ,ွࣁڞ:گᄖӁ༢Էྍຩ֥ܒࡹࠣٳ༅ 1 3໓ᇏ൮ՑؓگᄖӁ༢ࣉྛਔקၬ,ಪູگᄖӁ༢ᆷ֥൞ۚӮЧa༢߄ࠢӮaႨקᇅ֥Ӂ2 گᄖӁ༢Էྍຩଆa༢aຩބࠎԤഡീbׅ֥گᄖӁ༢ೂႮႿگᄖӁ༢Էྍ֥ห൹,ྟఃԷྍ႕ཙݴॢݴ฿٦ྛఖa၍๙ྐ༢aնെ߄ਚࢳഡၹ֥૭ඍ෮ླေ֥ંଆ္ა၂Ϯ֥ӁԷྍСaۚํਫ਼༢֩bᆃུӁ༢Ⴕ၂۱܋֥Ⴕሢޓն҂bH[7]obdayಪູگᄖӁ༢Էྍ൞ห,ׄࣼ൞ᄝؿളӁݖӱᇏЇݣնਈଆॶ߄֥ሰ၂۱ຩ,ၛఒြࡗܱ༢ູ߃ٳົ؇ࡼຩᇏఒြ༢,ട֥ࠣᆩ്ބඌਵთܼٗ,ླေޓ؟ࠏܒކ߃ٳູނྏఒြaކቔఒြބ܂ႋഅ3ো,ѩಪູ҂ቔҌିປӮbোљ֥ఒြࡗթᄝૼཁ֥ࢸཋ,۲ఒြႮႿᄝႮႿگᄖӁ༢ބ၂Ϯ֥ܿଆᇅᄯӁթᄝඌି৯֩ٚ૫թᄝҵၳ֝ᇁ෮ؿߨ֥ቔႨ္҂ཌྷҵၳ,Ֆ௴๙նਈӁԷྍᇏ݂ବሹࢲ֥ԮԷ,໓ᅣѩીႵॉ੮ᆟکބႨ֥ቔႨbࠎႿՎ,ྍંمᆰࢤႋႨႿگᄖӁ༢֥ԷྍᇏЧ໓ࢲކؓ၂ུگᄖӁ༢Էྍׅσ২֥ট[10]bگᄖӁ༢Էྍ൞૫ཟཬਈaקᇅ߄֥࣮,ሸކॉ੮ᆟکބႨหљ൞ਵ༵Ⴈ֥ቔႨ,ܒӁ,ࠎႿ؟ఒြ৳ૐ֥ཛଢᇅቆᆮࢲܒ,ᆟکaႨࡹਔၛگᄖӁ༢Էྍཛଢູᇏྏ,ၛ༢ࠢӮބఃཌྷܱ০ၭಕุҕაԷྍ֥༢ݖӱbࠎႿഅ֥Էྍି৯ູᇶ֝,აླྀቔഅ(ٳЇഅa܂ႋഅaᆩՎ,гᆀಪູگᄖӁ༢ԷྍऎႵၛ༯ࠫ۱ࠎЧ്ളӁࠏܒ)aᆟکaႨཌྷླྀטބ֥Էྍຩหᆘbଆ1b1)گᄖӁ༢ԷྍऎႵᆜุྟaଆॶ߄ބྟbگᄖྟંಪູ,༢ሹіགྷԛ఼ਛ֥ᆜุ,ྟ༢֥ᆜุྟᇉध҂൞۲ሰ༢֥ࡥֆࡆሹbگᄖӁ༢္؟൞Ⴎ؟ᇕো֥ሰ༢ቆކطӮ֥ᆜุ༢,۲༢іགྷԛ؟ဢྟaଆॶ߄ࠣཌྷܱ৳֥گᄖ,ྟൈ༢ᇏᆺေ၂۱ٳਈؿളэ߄,ॖି߶ջটః҆ٳ֥ᇗնэ߄,֤༢ऎႵ҂໗קྟބྟb2)گᄖӁ༢ԷྍุགྷԷྍაঔ֥ವކྟbԮ֥Էྍંಪູ,ඌԷྍླေࣜݖ൧ӆࠏᇅ֥࿊ᄴಒ৫ᇶੀඌ,ಖުᇶੀඌᄝఒြaྛ1 گᄖӁ༢ԷྍຩଆြބӁြࡗঔ;طؓႿگᄖӁ༢Էྍط,൧ӆࠏᇅ֥႕ཙࢠཬ,ၹՎ҂ॖି๙ݖ൧ӆট࿊ᄴᇶ ༢ࠢӮഅᄝگᄖӁ༢Էྍຩᇏ֥ނੀඌྏቔႨ,Ӂࢌڱ۳ႨႨࠧᆰࢤࣉೆ൧ӆ,ԷྍӮݔ֤֞ႋႨ,Էྍঔ္ࣼෛᆭطᇀ,Էྍބঔ ༢ࠢӮഅᄝԷྍຩᇏϲဆሢऎႵൌ࠽ၩၬၘࣜીႵૼཁ֥ࢸཋਔb֥ਵ֝࢘ѩఏथקྟቔႨ,ᄝگᄖӁ༢Էྍ3ᇏऎႵห֥ၛଆٟ֥ނྏି৯ބ႕ཙ৯bᇶေ)گᄖӁ༢ԷྍࠢӮ؇ۚaሧնaᇛ௹Ӊbุགྷᄝၛ༯4۱ٚ૫:1)ሧჷေ;2)ܵေ;3)ႮႿگᄖӁ༢ЧദऎႵگᄖ֥ۿିބေቆᆮေ;4)ᅞေb,؟ݣႵ⤨ళൔ֥ೈࡱ༢1)ሧჷေbᄝگᄖӁ༢Էྍᇏ,ູЌᆣ,ቆӮ҆ࡱླေۚ؇ࠢӮ,ၹՎؿބളӁ֥ሧऍն;ൈᄝᆜ۱ؿཛଢ֥Ӯۿ,ሧჷ܂۳ᇶေุགྷᄝದჴᇂaሧࣁ܂ݖӱᇏ۳ބࠎԤഡീ֩ٚ૫b൮,༵ህြ߄֥ඌದҌᄝ,Ⴈෛൈॖିڿэေ,֤Էྍଢѓଆ҂ౢ,ࡆഈؿݖӱЧദթᄝ֥҂ಒקྟބ҂ॖყگᄖӁ༢Էྍཛଢᇏఏሢथקྟ֥ቔႨ,ཛଢҩ֥aمਈ߄֥ڄག,֤گᄖӁ༢Էྍ֥ڄࣜླေഡ࠹ކ֥ᆟҦႪ߄ದҌᇂ,ࠗৣཛଢགޓۚބᇛ௹ޓӉbቆӮჴླྀ۽ቔ,ູӮჴࡗᆞൔބ٤ᆞൔ֥๙ࢌੀԷᄯ่ࡱbఃՑ,ሧࣁ܂۳ބವሧ౻֥֡؟ჭ߄
1 4۽ ြ ۽ ӱֻ11ज ൞ԷྍཛଢӮۿ֥ᇗေЌᆣbႮႿگᄖӁ༢Է֞ఒြ֥ြༀੀӱaཛଢੀӱaܿᅣᇅ؇֩ັܴҪྍऎႵۚೆaۚڄགაؿᇛ௹Ӊ֩หᆘ,ೆ૫;ቋުކቔԷྍᅞ֥ൌീࢲݔି۷ݺֹડቀႨބӁԛб൞ޓಒק,֥ၹՎླေሧࣁটჷ֥؟ჭླb߄,ྙӮކ֥ವሧุ༢ބሧყෘѓሙ,Ќᆣԉ ླྀቔഅა༢ࠢӮഅ֥ކቔܱ༢ቀ֥ሧࣁটჷބႵི০Ⴈbֻ,گᄖӁ༢၂ླྀቔഅ൞ᆷᄝԷྍຩᇏა༢ࠢӮഅᄝሧϮ؟ݣႵ⤨ళൔ֥گᄖೈࡱ༢,طೈࡱ༢ؓჷaඌି৯ഈྙӮҀ,ູ༢ࠢӮഅ֥ԷྍࠃႿն؟ඔگᄖӁ༢টඪၘࣜӮູނྏᆜކิ܂ᆦӻ֥ཌྷܱ০ၭಕุbऎุটඪॖၛٳູ3ඌ,H[11]obday࣮ಪູ,ն؟ඔ֥௹aٮႨӑᆦၛো:ٳЇഅa܂ႋഅބᆩ്ളӁࠏܒ(2)b൞,ࠣ҂ژކႨေ֩൞ႮႿೈࡱषؿ֥໙ีbၹ۲ླྀቔഅა༢ࠢӮഅ֥ܱ༢ၛࠣᄝԷྍຩᇏϲՎᄝࠎԤഡീٚ૫,ԢؿсС֥षؿᆦӻ༢aഡဆ֥࢘҂࣐ཌྷb࠹ܵ༢aྐ༏๙ྐ༢ຓ,ࡹ৫ࠎႿ∀ྴؒ#֥ԷྍຩؓႿೈࡱषؿބ༢ࠢӮऎႵᇗေቔႨb2)ܵေbܵေЇও3۱ٚ૫:ۚҪܵᆀ֥ᆦӻބೆaԷྍݖӱ֥ܿ߃ބᆳྛၛࠣԷྍ໓߄ٲຶbۚҪܵᆀ֥ᆦӻބೆᇶေุགྷᄝЌᆣگᄖӁ༢Էྍ෮ླሧჷ֥܂۳aᄝᇗնԷྍथҦٚ૫ؿߨᇗေቔႨaປࠗৣԷྍࠃุ֥ᇅބᆟҦ֩bႮႿԷྍࠃ֥گᄖྟބଆ,ྟླྀטބ๙ӮູਔԷྍӮۿ֥ׄބܱၹ,ᆺႵ2 ླྀቔഅა༢ࠢӮഅ֥ܱ༢ᇅקౢ༉֥ܿ߃aંਫ਼ཌބཛଢ॥ᇅӱ֩,ࡹ৫ປᆜॖौ֥ྐ༏ࢌੀ౻֡ބႵི֥০ၭٳࠏᇅ 1)ٳЇഅb༢ࠢӮഅᄝࠆ౼רֆᆭު,၇ऌၛࠣྛູჿඏࠏᇅ,ҌିЌᆣԷྍࠃ֥ඨ০ࣉྛbۿିླބႋႨඌোљࣉྛༀٳࢳ,߃ٳӮཌྷൈߎႋھ୭৯ႏᄯष٢ބྐ֥۽ቔߌ,ྙӮؓ৫֥ଆॶࠇሰ༢,ಖުٳЇ۳ކൡ֥ކቔఒ୩ި֥ܝৣԷྍބቍᇗԷྍࣚപ֥໓߄ٲ,ຶູӮြbՖඌି৯֥࢘؇ট,ुᆃུކቔఒြऎႵଖჴࡗྐ༏aᆩ്ބି֥ࢌੀ܋ཚԷᄯਅݺ֥ೈߌᇕނྏି৯,ѩ҂ऎСᅧ॥ᆜ۱گᄖ༢֥ି৯bbᄝگᄖӁ༢Էྍᇏ,ٳЇഅᄝა༢ࠢӮഅಒקԷྍਫ਼ࣥު,ః۽ቔᇗׄࣼ൞ࠢᇏࣚ৯۾क़ඌ3)ቆᆮေbᄀটᄀ؟֥ંٳ༅ބൌᆣ࣮іૼ,ཛଢᇅ֥ቆᆮࢲܒ൞گᄖӁ༢Էྍ֥ቋ,ܱࢳथଆॶᇏ֥၂ུܱඌaྐ༏aࢤ१ඌࡄቆᆮྙൔb෮໌ཛଢᇅ֥ቆᆮ൞ᆷၛཛଢູࠎЧ,֩ၛЌᆣᆜ۱༢ࠢӮބ৳ט֥ඨ০ࣉྛbᄝᆜֆჭটቆᆮളӁaԷྍބࣩᆚ֩ࠃ֥၂ᇕቆᆮྙ۱Էྍݖӱᇏ,ٳЇഅა༢ࠢӮഅࢲӮඌ৳ૐൔbھቆᆮऎႵၛ༯หׄ:R&DaളӁބႏཧ֩ᆯିܱ༢,ླေࣜӈࣉྛᆞൔࠇ٤ᆞൔ֥ᆩ്aඌބྐ၂ุ߄༏֥ࢌੀ,ᄹࡆдՎ֥ྐބႶݺ,ՖطЌᆣᄝܿק,Ⴈ֥ಆݖӱҕა,ॴఒြaॴݓࢸ֥ཛଢषؿކቔ֩bᆃᇕቆᆮࢲܒႵ০Ⴟ༢ࠢӮഅਲࠃ֥ൈࡗଽӮۿषؿԛژކႨေ֥Ӂb֥ᇂሧჷ2)܂ႋഅb܂ႋഅބ༢ࠢӮഅ֥ܱ༢бࢠ,۷ݺֹაླྀቔഅaႨބᆟکࡗ๙ބࢌੀ,طᄝԷྍ֥ڄག॥ᇅބളӁ֥ࣜ࠶ྟ֩ٚ,ᇶေ൞๙ݖ൧ӆࢌၞၛЌᆣሧჷ܂۳,ᆦӪ༢૫္бᆯିቆᆮࠇइᆔൔቆᆮ۷ႵႪ൝[12]bބଆॶ֥ᇅ۽ቔb൞ႮႿ༢֥گᄖ,ྟمࡼༀླབྷ༥ֹਈ߄ູॖҩ؇֥ඌᆷѓ,ൈ4)ᅞေb༢ࠢӮഅቔູᆜ۱ຩቆᆮ֥ނྏ,ఃԷྍᅞ֥ᇅק൳ଽຓၹ֥႕ཙބᇅჿCoPS္҂ཞ௴๙նਈᇅᄯ֥Ӂ,ᄝԛགྷ໙ีൈ,ކቔԷྍᅞсࡼ൞ఃᅞ࿊ᄴ֥ࠎЧԛؿ,ׄކॖၛޓಸၞֹᄝ൧ӆഈ࿙ูսᆀ,ၹՎ,ᄝ࿊ᄴ܂ቔܱ༢္ࡼӮູิۚఃԷྍି৯֥ᇅ؇ྟνஆބࢲႋഅൈ,༢ࠢӮഅေၳӈരᇗ,ႋሸކॉ੮܂ႋഅܒ߄ࠏᇅbކቔԷྍᅞӮۿൌീсྶऎСၛ༯֥ࠫᄎႏି৯aඌሧᇉބྐႨඣ֩ࣉྛಒקb၂۱่ࡱ֊ᇏѓ܂ࠊކ,܂ႋഅࣼႋھྐ൯ކ,۬οᅶ:൮༵ఒြऎႵૼಒ֥ކቔԷྍᅞଢѓ,ൈھଢѓᆦӻఒြ֥ᆜุᅞ࠹߃ิ܂ۚᇉਈ֥Ӂބڛༀ,ၛЌᆣ༢ࠢӮഅ;ఃՑކቔܱ༢ႋറᄝކ֥ӮЧٓຶଽႵིࢆ֮ሧჷೆaٳڄགa
ֻ2௹ᆞڃ,ွࣁڞ:گᄖӁ༢Էྍຩ֥ܒࡹࠣٳ༅ 1 5෪؋षؿൈࡗ֩bҦծീ္ՖӁြЌaܝৣ؎֞ࡹ৫ѓሙaޡܴט3)ᆩ്ളӁࠏܒbᆩ്ളӁࠏܒᇶေᆷն࿐ބ॥֥ሇэ[14]bଢభݓᆞࣜӁြശࠩߐս֥ܱ॓ჽ෮֩,൞ྍᆩ്ളӁaԷᄯބঔ֥ࠎԤൈ௹,ᆟک֥ᆟҦؓگᄖӁඌބӁြ֥ؿᅚ,ູ༢ࠢӮഅิ܂ྍᆩ്ބྍඌᆦӻbᄝᆩऎႵᇗေ႕ཙ,гᆀಪູႋՖၛ༯ࠫ۱ٚ૫ቓఏ:൮്ࣜ࠶ൈս,گᄖӁ༢Էྍ෮ླေ֥ྍᆩ്ᄀ,༵ᄹࡆޡܴט॥৯؇ބ൧ӆሙೆᇅ؇ٝᆸ൧ӆݖটᄀ؟,ԷྍࠃିڎӮۿ,౼थႿӁ֥ᆩ്ݣ؇ࣩᆚ,ЌݓഉԩႿؿᅚԚࠩࢨ؍֥گᄖӁਈ,Ⴍః൞ྍᆩ്֥ݣਈbն࿐ބ॓ჽ෮ቔູᇗඌބӁြ;ఃՑ,ࡹ৫ܵᇅծീބྛြඌѓሙ,ေ֥ᆩ്ളӁᇶุބԷྍჷ,ႋა༢ࠢӮഅ๙৯ᇅק၂ུห൹ᆟҦܝৣگᄖӁ༢Էྍࠃ;ቋކቔބࣅૡކ,ࠣൈડቀ༢ࠢӮഅؓྍᆩ്֥,ުࡹ৫ᆜุ֥ັܴࣜ࠶ܿᄵ,ཨԢزᇅԷྍ֥࣠ླ,ၛᇶaਲࠃ֥ٚൔҕა֞Էྍࠃᇏಀ,۷ބᅰθ,ิ܂۷ݺ֥ᆦӻگᄖӁ༢Էྍ֥ڛༀݺֹᄝگᄖӁ༢ԷྍࠃᇏؿߨቔႨbᄎႏߌ Ⴈა༢ࠢӮഅ֥ކቔԷྍܱ༢2)ҍᆟᆦӻbՖݓگᄖӁ༢Էྍ֥ࣜဒᄝ௴๙նਈӁԷྍᇏ,Ⴈ၂Ϯ҂ᆰࢤҕট,ुิ܂ҍᆟҀ์aᆟکҐܓ൞ᆟکᆦӻ֥၂ܺቓაྍӁ֥षؿބᇅ,طؓႿگᄖӁ༢ᆃোمbᆃ൞ၹູگᄖӁ༢ؿᇛ௹ӉaԷྍ؇Ӂটඪ,Ⴈބ༢ࠢӮഅ֥ކቔԷྍܱ༢ؓචնaڄགۚ,ఒြေӵքऍն֥ҍༀڵքބڄག,ᆺٚটඪ൞сಖ֥࿊ᄴb၂ٚ૫,ؓ༢ࠢӮഅটႵᆟکҐ౼ҍᆟҀ์֥ٚمބఃႪ߲ծീ(ೂඥඪ൬ࡨ૧֩),ҌିิۚఒြԷྍ֥ࠒࠞྟބೆಣ,აႨหљ൞ਵ༵Ⴈ֥ކቔ൞ᄹ఼ሱദࣩᆚႪ൝֥ᇗေ൭؍bᄎႨބؿߨਵ༵Ⴈህြ߄֥౦bൈᆟکႪ༵Ґܓծീ္ॖၛᄹࡆఒြ֥ؿඌି৯ၛࠣၛສӮۿཛଢࠒ֥ඌदࣜٮ,ߎॖၛႄ֝گᄖӁ༢Էྍ֥ٚཟ,ࡼടࠣ,ౌॖၛࢆ֮Էྍݖӱ֥ڄག,෪؋ᆜ۱༢֥ؿᇛ௹bਸ਼ݓٝνಆބݓࣜ࠶ؿᅚ֥ᆦᇸӁြ֥ܱඌႪ၂ٚ૫༵ؿᅚఏটbਸ਼ຓߎႋھࡼ۷؟֥࣮ࣜٮೆ֞,Ⴈିڎᄝࣩᆚᇏ౼֤Ⴊ൝ᄝޓնӱ؇ഈ၇ঠႿ෮ҐႨ֥گᄖӁ༢֥ඌඣbၹՎگᄖӁ༢Էྍ֥࣮ᇏಀ,бೂഡ৫ህཛ࣮,ᄝگᄖӁ༢ؿބഡ࠹ࢨ؍,Ⴈླေ҂؎ֹࠎࣁaӮ৫ህ֥࣮ࠏܒ֩bཟ༢ࠢӮഅّঌྍඌބ൧ӆླྐ༏,ၛь༢3 ࢲඏეࠢӮഅࣉྛඌླྀטބڿࣉbႨ၂ϮॖၛҐႨၛ༯ਆᇕбࢠႵི֥๙ބଢభݓᆞ૫ਢሢӁြശࠩߐս֥ᅞࠏმࢌੀٚൔb၂൞ႨҕࡆႮ༢ࠢӮഅק௹ᅺष֥௹,ࣜ࠶ࠃᇏඋႿگᄖӁ༢Էྍ֥ࠃᄀটඌ৳߶ၰ,၇ऌཛଢࣉ؇ބؿ౦ঃ,ิԛሱ࠭ᄀ؟,௧్ླေषᅚᆃٚ૫֥࣮bՖཛଢҪՑഈ֥ၩࠇྍ֥ླ,ൈࠣൈֹϜඌބ൧ӆྐ༏࣮گᄖӁ༢Էྍ൞ႮఃЧദ֥หׄथק֥bّঌ۳༢ࠢӮഅ;ؽ൞Ⴈหљ൞ਵ༵Ⴈ֥Ч໓ࠎႿ؟ఒြ৳ૐ֥ཛଢᇅቆᆮࢲܒ,ܒࡹਔگඌህࡅބದჴᆰࢤҕა֞༢ԷྍᇏಀᄖӁ༢Էྍຩ,ฐษਔ༢ࠢӮഅაླྀቔഅa,ൌགྷႨބ۲ٚᆰࢤ֥ࢌੀބؓ߅,ᆃဢ࠻ॖၛෛൈϜሱ࠭Ⴈ֩ᇶุᆭࡗ֥ܱ༢ࠣᄝԷྍຩᇏϲဆ֥֥࢘ေّঌ۳۲ٚ,Ⴛॖၛԉٳ০Ⴈఃඌህࡅ֥b༢ࠢӮഅቔູᆜ۱ຩ֥ނྏ,гᆀᇶေՖᆩ്ބࣜဒሧჷaܵaቆᆮaᅞ֩ٚ૫ؓఃᄝຩᇏ֥ቔႨ,ࡆ༢Էྍ֥ࣉӱ,ᆃᄝ௴๙ӁԷྍݖӱᇏ൞бࢠഒ֥[13]bࣉྛਔབྷ༥֥ٳ༅,ࣉطٳ༅ބࢸקਔླྀቔഅ(ٳЇഅa܂ႋഅaᆩ്ളӁࠏܒ֩)aႨა༢ࠢӮഅᄝ ᆟکؓگᄖӁ༢Էྍ֥ᆦӻބቔႨႮႿگᄖӁ༢ᄝݓࣜ࠶ؿᅚބݓٝνಆඌᆩ്܋ཚaሧჷᆜކބྐ༏ࢌੀ֩ٚ૫҂֥֩ٚ૫ఏሢईቀᇗ֥ቔႨ,گᄖӁ༢֥Էކቔܱ༢bቋުࢲކگᄖӁ༢Էྍ֥ؿᅚӱྍࠃؓႿิۚݓሸކݓ৯ބӁࣩᆚ৯႕ཙऍٳ༅ਔᆟکᄝگᄖӁ༢Էྍຩᇏ෮ϲဆ֥࢘նࠣ႕ཙbگᄖӁ༢Էྍ൞၂۱༢ྟ఼֥ࠞ,ၹՎᆟکສສؓگᄖӁ༢֥ؿఏሢᇗေ֥ቔႨ,ᇶေ๙ݖᆟکᆟҦބҍᆟᆦӻ2۱ٚݖӱ,ೂޅࡼگᄖӁ༢Էྍຩ֥නམႋႨ֞૫টൌགྷbఒြ֥նؿཛଢᇏ,Ӯູڿࣉൌࠃ֥၂ᇕӱႵི۽ऎ,ՖطϺᇹ॓࿐थҦ,ࡼ൞ૌࣉ၂֥҄1)ᆟکᆟҦbՖگᄖӁ༢Էྍ֥,ुᆟکᆟҦࣜਔՖᆰࢤܵᇅ֞ࡗࢤ॥ᇅ֥ݖӱ࣮ٚཟb,ᆟ
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