맺뇰폫뗘쟸틢듳샻뻅쪮쓪듺틔살퇸샏뷰죽룶횧훹룄룯뷸돌ꆪꆪꆪ볦싛틽죫ꆰ쏻틥헋뮧ꆱ뗄잰춾횣뇼컄ꆡ쯎ꆡ삤ꆡꆡ쓚죝쳡튪:퓚쫀뷧랶캧쓚쿆웰뗄짧믡놣헏훆뛈룄룯샋뎱훐,틢듳샻ퟷ캪샏쇤뮯캣믺뷏캪퇏훘뗄맺볒횮튻,폚20쫀볍90쓪듺훐웚웈폚닆헾톹솦뾪쪼뛔웤퇸샏뷰훆뛈뷸탐쇋튻쾵쇐룄룯,돉캪ꆰ쏻틥헋뮧ꆱ뗄쫗엺쪵볹헟ꆣ룄룯뫳,틢듳샻좷솢쇋뛠횧훹뗄퇸샏뷰쳥쾵ꆣ뷼쪮쓪뗄퓋탐쪵볹뇭쏷,ꆰ쏻틥헋뮧ꆱ훆퓚틢듳샻좡뗃쇋뷏듳뗄돉킧,돉캪랢듯맺볒돉릦틽죫ꆰ쏻틥헋뮧ꆱ훆뗄튻룶췘믄헟ꆣ놾컄쫗쿈럖컶쇋틢듳샻뻉쳥쾵뗄뇗뛋,붻듺쇋룄룯뗄놳뺰뫍뚯틲,럖컶쇋탂훆뛈듸살뗄훮뛠탂뇤뮯ꆣퟮ뫳,ퟜ뷡쇋탂훆뛈쏦쇙뗄컊쳢ꆢ쳴햽ꆢ뺭퇩뫍뷌통,춬쪱뮹횸돶,캴살뗄룄룯뷸돌뻟폐탭뛠늻좷뚨탔ꆣ맘볼듊:틢듳샻짧믡놣헏훆뛈룄룯뛠횧훹쏻틥헋뮧훆뛈닆헾뿉돖탸탔튻뻉훆뛈쳘헷폫룄룯뚯틲(튻)뻉훆뛈뗄쳘헷틢듳샻퓚1957-1968쓪볤좷솢쇋쿖쫕쿖뢶훆뗄퇸샏뷰훆뛈ꆣ헢쪮벸쓪샯평폚틢듳샻뺭볃퓶뎤럹뛈뷏뿬,퇸샏뷰훆뛈평듋튲풽살풽쿔뗃쪮럖ꆰ뾶뾮ꆱꆣ1968쓪,틢듳샻냤늼뗄153/69뫅램낸뷸튻늽좷솢쇋쫕죫맘솪탍뗄퇸샏뷰룸뢶' 1994-2008 China Academic Journal Electronic Publishing House. All rights reserved.
ꆡ틢듳샻뻅쪮쓪듺틔살퇸샏뷰죽룶횧훹룄룯뷸돌95볆쯣랽램ꆣ틢듳샻헢튻쿖쫕쿖뢶훆뗄퇸샏뷰훆뛈뻟폐죧쿂쳘헷ꋙ:1.퇸샏뷰뗄뷉럑벰룸뢶릫쪽ꆣ뷉럑내릤튻뚨뇈샽평맍훷뫍맍풱럖뇰돐떣ꆣ튻냣쟩뿶쿂,맍훷내릤ퟜ뛮뗄12%뷉럑,맍풱뷉럑쫇20%ꆣ퇸샏뷰뗄룸뢶폫릤죋쒳튻쪱웚뗄쫕죫쮮욽벴닎뾼릤쮮욽쏜쟐쿠맘,샽죧쮽죋늿쏅맍풱뗄퇸샏뷰폫횰튵짺퇄ퟮ뫳컥쓪뗄릤쮮욽쿠솪쾵,릫릲늿쏅맍풱폫ퟮ뫳튻룶퓂뗄릤쮮욽쿠솪쾵,ퟔ맍헟캪ퟮ뫳쪮쓪ꆣ룸뢶볆쯣릫쪽캪:P=CꇁTꇁW;웤훐,Pꆪꆪꆪ퇸샏뷰룸뢶쮮욽;Cꆪꆪꆪ쓚늿믘놨싊쾵쫽;Tꆪꆪꆪ뷉럑쓪쫽,튻냣늻뎬맽40쓪;Wꆪꆪꆪ닎뾼릤쮮욽ꆣ2.뻉훆뛈뇈뷏ꆰ뾶뾮ꆱꆣ뻉훆뛈뇈뷏ꆰ뾶뾮ꆱ,쳦듺싊룟듯95%ꆣ뗚튻횧훹뢲룇쇋냼삨닐벲죋뫍틅쫴퓚쓚뗄쯹폐릤죋ꆣ뮹폐튻룶쳘뗣뻍쫇틢듳샻뗄릫릲퇸샏뷰볆뮮쫇평뫜뛠킡볆뮮럖뇰맜샭ퟩ돉,ퟜ릲평컥쪮뛠훖늻춬뗄랽낸볆뮮ퟩ돉ꆣ3.뇪ힼ늻튻,늿럖맍풱펵폐쳘좨ꆣ뻉훆뛈뗄쇭튻룶쳘뗣쫇듽폶닮뻠뷏듳,릤죋틲샺ꆢ릤퓶뎤싊뫍쯹뒦늿쏅뗄늻춬뛸퓚췋택쓪쇤ꆢ뷉럑쓪쿞뫍뷉럑싊뗈랽쏦뻟폐뷏듳뗄닮틬탔ꆣ폫웤쯻맍풱뇈뷏웰살,릫컱풱펵폐늻뿉뇈쓢뗄쳘좨,뛸릤붳ꆢ얩쏱ꆢퟔ평횰튵헟뗈ퟔ맍헟뗄퇸샏뷰쮮욽튻횱캴듯떽맺볒뗄욽뻹쮮욽(볻뇭1)ꆣ뇭1뻉쳥쾵뗄늿럖쳘헷룱쳵볾룸뢶릫쪽(샏쓪췋택뷰)(샺췋택뷰)닎뾼릤짦벰췋택쓪쇤뷉럑쓪쿞뗄쓪럝릫쪽쮽죋늿쏅얮55얮35쓐60쓐ퟮ뫳5쓪N/40ꇁ80%35릫훐퇫헾뢮얮65얮20(15)릲쓐N/40ꇁ%65쓐20늿쏅뗘랽헾뢮얮60얮20ퟮ뫳튻룶퓂쓐60쓐N/40ꇁ100%25ퟔ맍헟얮60얮35쓐65쓐ퟮ뫳10쓪N/40ꇁ100%35ꆡꆡ힢:N쫇뷉럑쓪쫽ꆣ쇏살풴:MaurizioFerreraandMatteoJessoula,ꆰReconfiguringItalianPensionsꆱ,paperpreparedforthe15thAnnualMeetingoftheSocietyfortheAdvancementofSocio2Economics,ꆰtable4ꆱ.ꋙ뻉쳥쾵쳘헷룹뻝틔쿂쇏헻샭:MassimoBaldini,CarloMazzaferroandPaoloOnofri,TheReformoftheItalianPensionSystem,anditsEffectonSavingBehavior,pp12-3, 1994-2008 China Academic Journal Electronic Publishing House. All rights reserved.
96얷훞퇐뺿ꆡ2005쓪뗚6웚ꆡ4.맜샭쳥훆ꆣ틢듳샻맺볒닣듎뗄퇸샏뷰맜샭믺릹훷튪폐뢺퓰웳튵횰릤퇸샏뷰튵컱뗄ꆰ맺볒짧믡놣쿕뻖ꆱ,뫍훷튪뢺퓰맺볒릫컱풱뗈맺볒맍풱퇸샏뷰뗄ꆰ맺볒맍풱놣쿕뻖ꆱꆣ맺볒짧믡놣쿕뻖퓚좫맺20룶듳쟸뻹짨폐럖뻖,좫맺릲폐475룶짧믡놣쿕듺냬뒦,췲쏻맍풱,뢺퓰짧믡놣쿕믹뷰뗄쫕뷉ꆢ횧뢶뫍짧믡럾컱뗈튵컱ꆣ5.퓊탭쳡잰췋택ꆣ내헕맦뚨,튻떩릤죋퇸샏뷰뗄뷉럑듯떽35쓪(릫릲늿쏅맍풱듯떽20쓪),컞싛웤쫇럱듯떽램뚨췋택쓪쇤,뻹뿉짪쟫쇬좡퇸샏뷰;웤룸뢶릫쪽캪:P=CꇁTꇁW,뛸늻뾼싇릤죋쫇럱쳡잰췋택뗄틲쯘,튲늻뾼싇웤쫙쏼풤웚뗄틲쯘ꆣ듋췢,뻉훆뛈뛔쳡잰췋택튲쎻폐죎뫎돍랣듫쪩ꆣ6.퇸샏뷰횸쫽뮯ힴ뿶ꆣ1971-1992쓪볤,틢듳샻뗄퇸샏뷰폫춨믵엲헍싊뫍욽뻹릤퓶뎤싊솽쿮횸쫽맒릳ꆣ7.뗚뛾횧훹뇈뷏죵ꆣ퓚릫릲퇸샏뷰횮췢뮹듦퓚튻룶뗚뛾횧훹벴웳튵늹돤퇸샏놣쿕TFR(Trattamentodifinerapporto)ꆣTFR쫇맍풱닎볓뗄튻훖릤퇓웚횧뢶볆뮮,평맍훷내맍풱릤%뗄뇈샽뷉럑,믽샛뗈폚%뗄만뚨샻싊볓짏춨헍싊뗄75%;내헕맦뚨,횻폐떱맍풱췋택믲샫뾪릫쮾쪱랽뿉폨틔횧뢶ꆣ틢듳샻뗄웳튵늹돤놣쿕캪맍풱쳡릩쇋튻뚨쫽솿뗄퇸샏뷰,튲뿉놻죏캪쫇뛔췋택믲샫횰뗄튻훖늹뎥ꆣ(뛾)룄룯뚯틲퓚뷸탐퇸샏뷰룄룯뗄맺볒훐,틢듳샻뻉쳥쾵듸살뗄늻뿉뇜쏢뗄뇗뛋쿔뗃쪮럖춻돶,죕틦퇏훘뗄죋뿚샏쇤뮯캣믺뫍뫪맛뺭볃뗄펰쿬뗈뚼뛔룄룯쳡돶쇋잿쇒튪쟳ꆣ듓20쫀볍70쓪듺쒩뾪쪼,틢듳샻뗄퇸샏뷰룄룯뇣틽웰쇋짧믡룷뷧뗄맣랺맘힢,웤룄룯뗄훷튪뚯틲놻죋쏇쯹맘힢:1.퇸샏뷰횧돶톸쯙짏헇,닆헾늻뿉돖탸탔볓뻧ꆣ평폚틢듳샻퇸샏뷰훆뛈뫜ꆰ뾶뾮ꆱ,쳦듺싊룟,뢲룇랶캧맣,틲듋퇸샏뷰횧돶햼맺쓚짺닺ퟜ횵뗄뇈훘틑평1960쓪뗄%짏짽떽1992쓪뗄%,퓚릤튵맺볒훐룟뻓냱쫗,죧맻늻볓틔뿘훆,떽2030쓪붫뷓뷼25%(볻춼1)ꆣꋙ틢듳샻맺볒닆헾쫕횧뗄헢훖쪧뫢쟷쫆뫍늻뿉돖탸탔퇏훘뗘췏샛쇋웤쯻짧믡놣헏헾닟뷰뗄살풴뫍돤ퟣ탔ꆣ2.죋뿚샏쇤뮯퇏훘,진퇸싊맽룟ꆣ뗍돶짺싊뫍룟쫙쏼풤웚쫇떼훂진퇸싊늻뛏짏ꋙ,ꆰTheReformofthePensionSysteminItalyꆱ,IMFWorkingPaper,Feb1997.' 1994-2008 China Academic Journal Electronic Publishing House. All rights reserved.
ꆡ틢듳샻뻅쪮쓪듺틔살퇸샏뷰죽룶횧훹룄룯뷸돌97짽뗄훷튪풭틲:1990쓪쎿룶폽쇤뢾얮욽뻹횻짺폽룶몢ퟓ;쓐탔뗄쫙쏼풤웚캪쯪,얮탔캪쯪ꆣ햽뫳ꆰ펤뛹뎱ꆱ돶짺뗄죋뿚헢쪱튲뾪쪼뷸죫췋택쓪쇤,캴살20쓪틢듳샻60쯪틔짏죋뿚쯹햼뇈훘붫짏짽훁25%,2040쓪붫뷸튻늽짏짽캪40%ꆣꋙ죋뿚샏쇤뮯뇘붫떼훂횧독캴살퇸샏뷰룸뢶뗄릤킽쮰듳럹짏뗷,늢듸뚯진퇸싊늻뛏쳡룟,돉캪틢듳샻퇸샏훆뛈쫕늻뗖횧뫍햮첨룟훾뗄횱뷓풭틲ꆣꆡꆡ3.뷉럑싊맽룟,떼훂쳡춼1ꆡ1992쓪릤튵맺볒퇸샏뷰햼맺쓚잰췋택ힴ뿶쪮럖웕뇩ꆣ평폚짺닺ퟜ횵뇈샽뗄뇈뷏뻉훆뛈퓊탭쳡잰췋택쟒컞죎뫎돍랣듫쪩,춬쪱,룟뷉럑싊뛔쳡잰췋택튲닺짺쇋튻뚨뗄듌벤ퟷ폃,쯹틔,퓚룷릤튵맺볒훐틢듳샻췋택뗄쓪쇤ퟮ퓧(볻뇭2)ꆣ듋췢,평폚퇸샏뷰뗄룸뢶쮮욽폫췋택쓪쇤횮볤좱랦뺫쯣맘쾵,쯹틔,뛠릤ퟷ뻍틢캶ퟅ튪뛠뷉럑ꆣ뻝1998쓪쫽뻝쿔쪾,췋택쓪쇤쇏살풴:,ꆰTheReformofthePension캪57쯪쪱췆동튻쓪췋택뒿SysteminItalyꆱ,IMFWorkingPaper,ꆰchart1ꆱ.럑싊붫짏짽%,뛸췋택쓪쇤캪65쯪쪱췆동튻쓪췋택뒿럑싊퓲짽훁%ꆣꋚ4.뷉럑싊맽룟,샍뚯솦쫐뎡톹솦뷏듳ꆣ폫웤쯻튻킩릤튵맺볒쿠뇈,틢듳샻뷉럑싊쫴폚ퟮ룟뗄벸룶맺볒횮튻,듯릤뗄32%(볻뇭2),늢쟒,뻝춳볆늿쏅풤닢,쯦ퟅ죋뿚샏쇤뮯뗄볓뻧,쮽죋늿쏅맍풱뗄욽뻹뷉럑싊뮹붫볌탸쳡룟ꆣꋙVincenzoGalasso,ꆰIstheDiniReformPoliticallySustainable?ꆱ, 1994-2008 China Academic Journal Electronic Publishing House. All rights reserved.
98얷훞퇐뺿ꆡ2005쓪뗚6웚ꆡ뇭2릤튵맺볒췋택쓪쇤벰퇸샏뷰뷉럑싊뇈뷏(룄룯잰)맺ꆡ볒췋택쓪쇤퇸샏뷰뷉럑싊얮탔쓐탔맍풱맍훷뫏볆냄듳샻퇇램맺뗂맺쾣산틢듳샻컷냠퇀펢맺쏀맺ꆡꆡ쇏살풴:,ꆰTheReformofthePensionSysteminItalyꆱ,1997IMFWork2ingPaper,ꆰtable1ꆱ.5.볆뮮럖즢,뇪ힼ늻튻,릫욽탔닮ꆣ틢듳샻뗄릫릲퇸샏뷰볆뮮럇뎣럖즢,짵훁뛠듯50뛠훖,웤훐맦쒣ퟮ듳뗄컥룶볆뮮햼뻝쇋퇸샏뷰ퟜ횧돶뗄80%,웤폠뗄킡탍볆뮮횻뢲룇쇋뫜짙뗄맍풱ꆣꋙ뛸쟒,틢듳샻퇸샏뷰퓚룷탐튵뇪ힼ늻춬,쳦듺싊닮뇰뷏듳,릤죋횮볤뗄쳘좨뫍늻욽뗈웕뇩듦퓚ꆣ헢튻룮쇑쟒뇪ힼ늻춬뗄맜샭믺훆ퟨ낭쇋샍뚯솦늿쏅횮볤짵훁늿쏅쓚늿뗄ퟔ평쇷뚯ꆣ횱떽1992쓪,틢듳샻뗄퇸샏뷰훆뛈죔쎻폐뗃떽맦랶뗄맜샭ꆣ뛾뮺싽뗄뷸돌:죽룶룄룯뷗뛎퓧퓚1981쓪,틢듳샻닆헾늿뻍헫뛔웤퇸샏뷰훆뛈듦퓚뗄컊쳢헙뾪믡틩,듓닆헾뫍뺭볃뷇뛈쳡돶쇋튻쾵쇐룄룯붨틩ꋚ,훷튪쓚죝냼삨:뗚튻,붫릫릲뫍쮽죋늿쏅뗄뷉럑싊킭뗷웰살,늢쳡룟쯹폐죋뗄뷉럑싊;뗚뛾,붫ꆰ샏쓪췋택뷰ꆱ뫍ꆰꋙPaolaOlivelli,ꆰDescriptionoftheLegal2institutionalFrameworkoftheItalianPensionSys2temꆱ,2000,p12, 1994-2008 China Academic Journal Electronic Publishing House. All rights reserved.
ꆡ틢듳샻뻅쪮쓪듺틔살퇸샏뷰죽룶횧훹룄룯뷸돌99샺췋택뷰ꆱ뗄룱쳵볾튻훂웰살ꋙ,늢춳튻쓐얮릤죋뗄췋택쓪쇤;뗚죽,훰붥좡쿻릫릲늿쏅맍풱뗄쳘좨;뗚쯄,좡쿻퇸샏뷰뗄릤횸쫽뮯,뛸닉좡컯볛횸쫽뮯;뗚컥,붫닎뾼릤뗄쮮욽쓪럝평횰튵짺퇄뗄ퟮ뫳벸쓪탞룄캪붫헻룶횰튵짺퇄뾼싇뷸살ꆣ떫평폚틢듳샻헾뢮뇈뷏죭죵,퓚퇸샏뷰룄룯훐쿔뗃쪮럖킡탄,늻룒폐듳뗄ퟷ캪ꆣ뛸쟒,냋쪮쓪듺헾뢮룼뗼욵랱,쎿뷬헾뢮욽뻹횴헾쪱볤횻폐300쳬,퇸샏뷰룄룯쏦쇙뫜듳헏낭ꆣ뻝춳볆,퓚1978-1992쓪볤,틢듳샻15뷬헾뢮ꆢ8죎ퟜ샭ꆢ9죎샍뚯늿뎤뚼퓸쳡돶맽룄룯붨틩,쟒튻늿럖붨틩틑쳡붻룸폐맘늿쏅,떫뚼틲헾뢮뮻뷬뛸놻좡쿻ꆣ틲듋,틢듳샻듓캴뷸탐맽헦헽틢틥짏뗄퇸샏뷰룄룯,룄룯쫂쪵짏놻컞쿞웚췏퇓쇋ꆣ횱떽뻅쪮쓪듺퓧웚,퓚쓚췢틲쯘뗄릲춬펰쿬쿂,뻉훆뛈뗄뇗뛋뷸튻늽쿔슶,짧믡룷뷗닣틢쪶떽ꆰ늻룄룯뻍틢캶ퟅ늻쓜볌탸캬돖쿖폐뗄럖엤룱뻖,뛸뇘붫퓢쫜늻뿉풤닢뫍늻뿉뇜쏢뗄쯰쪧ꆱꆣꋚ뷸죫20쫀볍90쓪듺틔살,틢듳샻퇸샏뷰룄룯쏷쿔볓뿬쇋뷅늽;퓚헻룶90쓪듺,틢듳샻뷸탐쇋죽듎뷏듳뗄훘듳룄룯,믲돆뺭샺쇋죽룶훘튪뷗뛎,웤뷡맻쫇뗷헻쇋뒫춳뗄쿖쫕쿖뢶훆,틽죫쇋뷉럑좷뚨탍(DC)틲쯘,삩듳쇋퇸샏뷰뗄뢲룇랶캧ꆣ룅삨웰살,90쓪듺뗄룄룯훷튪폐1992쓪룄룯ꆢ1995쓪룄룯뫍1997룄룯ꆣ(튻)1992쓪룄룯ꆪꆪꆪ낢싪췐룄룯(theAmatoReform)퓚1992쓪4퓂듳톡훐,틢듳샻헾첳랢짺쇋튻쾵쇐뇤뮯,죽듳헾떳(믹뚽쏱훷떳ꆢ잰릲닺떳ꆢ짧믡떳)톡욱듳솿뚪쪧,탂헾떳톡욱벱뻧퓶볓,톡쏱닎톡싊듳럹쿂붵;뫚쫖떳낵즱쇋솽룶훸쏻뗘랽탐헾맙풱,쏱훷쳥쾵놻죏캪쫜떽퇏훘췾킲ꆣ춬쓪,틢듳샻놬랢쇋퇏훘뗄믵뇒캣믺,샯삭벱뻧뇡횵ꆣ쪱죎ퟜ샭낢싪췐(Amato)죏캪,뇘탫뺡뿬룄룯,믖뢴뷰죚쫐뎡뗄뿉탅뛈;맺ꋙ샺췋택뷰(senioritypension)쫇틢듳샻퇸샏뷰볆뮮훐뷏캪훘튪뗄튻훖ꆣ1956쓪,헢튻퇸샏뷰볆뮮ퟮ돵평릫릲늿쏅틽뷸,19쫀볍60쓪듺훐뫳웚삩햹떽닺튵릤죋ꆣ샺췋택뷰뛔릤죋췋택뗄룱쿞훆뷏캪뿭쯉,횻튪릤죋뷉럑듯떽튻뚨쓪쿞뻍뿉틔췋택,뛸늻뾼싇릤죋쫇럱듯떽램뚨뗄ퟮ뗍췋택쓪쇤ꆣ뛔룷늿쏅ퟮ뗍뷉럑쓪쿞뗄맦뚨튲늻뺡쿠춬:닺튵릤죋캪35쓪,릫릲늿쏅뗄쓐탔맍풱캪20쓪,릫릲늿쏅훐틑믩믲폐킡몢뗄얮탔맍풱퓲캪15쓪ꆣꋚMaurizioFerreraandMatteoJessoula,ꆰReconfiguringItalianpensions:Frompolicystalematetocomprehensivereformsꆱ,paperpreparedforthe15thAnnualMeetingoftheSocietyfortheAdvancementofSocio-Economics,June2003,p19.' 1994-2008 China Academic Journal Electronic Publishing House. All rights reserved.
100얷훞퇐뺿ꆡ2005쓪뗚6웚ꆡ볒탨튪컈뚨틔뇜쏢뺭볃뫍닆헾캣믺뗄랢짺ꆣ춬쪱,맺볒짧믡놣헏킭믡뫍믡볆ퟜ쫰뛔퇸샏뷰횧돶짏짽뗄퇏훘뫳맻튲좡뗃쇋튻훂뗄뾴램ꆣ폚쫇,퇸샏뷰룄룯쳡짏쇋죕돌,춬쓪틩믡춨맽쇋421/1992뫅램낸,ퟶ돶죧쿂뻶뚨:룄룯뗚튻횧훹틔욽뫢퇸샏뷰뗄횧돶,춳튻쮽죋뫍릫릲늿쏅뗄퇸샏뷰,좷솢뗚뛾ꆢ죽횧훹뗄뿲볜,붨솢뛠횧훹뗄퇸샏뷰쳥쾵ꆣ룹뻝붨틩낲업,헾뢮닉좡쇋ꆰ쮫훘듫쪩ꆱ:튻랽쏦춨맽뷴벱듫쪩퓚뛌웚쓚복짙퇸샏뷰횧돶;쇭튻랽쏦죎쏼튻룶쏅뗄캯풱믡짨볆룄룯랽낸ꆣ떫룄룯랽낸뫜뿬뻍퓢떽쇋릤믡뗄잿쇒뗖훆,1993쓪9-10퓂,쫽잧릤죋뾪쪼ퟟ쿲뷖춷뷸탐냕릤ꆣ헾뢮웈폚짧믡톹솦붫릤믡뫍맍훷헙벯웰살,뻍퇸샏뷰룄룯컊쳢뷸탐죽랽믡첸ꆣ믡첸뷡쫸뫳죽랽쯤좻쎻폐잩쫰헽쪽킭틩,떫릤믡뫍맍훷ퟩ횯뮹쫇뷓쫜쇋퇸샏뷰룄룯뗄랽낸,릤믡뛔뛌웚쓚쿷복퇸샏뷰횧돶뗄뷴벱듫쪩ퟶ쇋튻뚨뗄죃늽,죧퇓뎤샺췋택뷰뗄ퟮ뗍뷉럑쓪쿞뗈ꆣ1992쓪룄룯뫍80쓪듺쳡돶뗄붨틩럇뎣쿠쯆,쯼횻쫇튻룶ꆰ닎쫽룄룯ꆱ뛸틑,횻쫇볌탸캬돖쇋풭살쫕틦좷뚨(DB)탍퇸샏뷰뗄뻉훆뛈뷡릹,룹놾쎻폐뒥벰떽퇸샏뷰훆뛈뗄쪵훊;뺡맜죧듋,룄룯죔퓚틔쿂벸랽쏦좡뗃쇋춻웆탔뷸햹:볓잿쇋떱잰뷉럑뫍캴살룸뢶횮볤뗄솪쾵,췆동쇋췋택쓪쇤,퇓뎤쇋뷉럑쓪쿞뫍닎뾼릤쮮욽쯹짦벰뗄쓪럝,맦뚨쇋퇸샏뷰쪵탐컯볛횸쫽뮯,틽죫쇋횰튵쓪뷰뫍룶죋퇸샏뷰볆뮮,틔듋ퟷ캪맺볒릫릲볆뮮뗄늹돤ꆣ(뛾)1995쓪룄룯ꆪꆪꆪ뗏쓡룄룯(theDiniReform)1992쓪뗄ꆰ닎쫽룄룯ꆱ늢쎻폐뎹뗗뷢뻶틢듳샻퇸샏뷰훆뛈뗄룹놾컊쳢,잰뺰죔좻쇮죋떣폇,폐맘퇸샏뷰뫍뢣샻훆뛈룄룯뗄헹싛죔뫜벤쇒,짵훁돉캪1994쓪듳톡뗄튻룶붹뗣ꆣ듳톡뫳놴슬쮹뿆쓡(Berlusconi)떱톡캪ퟜ샭,늢죎쏼뗏쓡(Di2ni)캪닆헾늿뎤ꆢ십쮹첩샕(Mastella)캪샍뚯늿뎤ꆣ탂헾뢮돉솢횮뫳솢벴뾪쪼쇋탂뗄퇸샏뷰룄룯,늢폚떱쓪9퓂쳡돶쇋튻쿮룄룯램낸ꆣ탂헾뢮평폚쫂쿈퓚퇸샏뷰룄룯컊쳢짏쎻폐폫릤믡뷸탐킭짌,랴뛸틔짧믡놣헏쳥쾵쮽폐뮯살췾킲릤믡,늢쳡돶쇋뛔릤죋살쮵ퟮ쏴룐뗄샺퇸샏뷰뫍쫕틦쮮욽뗈컊쳢,틲듋,룄룯틽랢쇋릤믡뗄잿쇒늻싺,ퟮ훕폚10퓂14죕ퟩ횯쇋튻듎ퟜ냕릤,11퓂12죕퓚싞십폖ퟩ횯쇋뗚뛾듎듳냕릤ꆣ룄룯뷸돌쫜떽쇋퇏뻾뾼퇩ꆣ1994쓪12퓂22죕,놴슬쮹뿆쓡놻웈듇횰횮뫳,탂ퟜ춳쮹뾭런싞(Scalfaro)돉솢쇋탂쓚룳,죎쏼잰닆헾늿뎤뗏쓡캪ퟜ샭ꆣ뗏쓡짏죎뫳폫놴슬쮹뿆쓡뗄ퟶ램췪좫늻춬,쯻쫗쿈폫릤믡뷸탐쇋튻듎뇈틔췹룼헽맦ꆢ룼욽컈뗄뛔뮰뫍첸에ꆣ첸에' 1994-2008 China Academic Journal Electronic Publishing House. All rights reserved.
ꆡ틢듳샻뻅쪮쓪듺틔살퇸샏뷰죽룶횧훹룄룯뷸돌101훐뗏쓡돤럖뾼싇떽쇋릤죋뗄튪쟳,폫릤믡돉릦뗘듯돉쇋튻쿮헾훎췗킭:헾뢮뺡솦놣뮤샏쓪죋뫍뷉럑헟뗄샻틦,뺡솦쪵쿖룼듳뗄릫욽ꆣ폚쫇,ꆰ뗏쓡닝낸ꆱ훕폚믱뗃쇋릤죋뗄횧돖,1995쓪릫쏱춶욱훕폚춨맽쇋헢룶룄룯랽낸ꆣ떫쫇,맍훷ퟩ횯좴뻜뻸잩쫰헢쿮킭틩,늢뇭쪾뛔헾뢮뷸탐퇸샏뷰룄룯ꆰ룐떽놯낧ꆱꆣ뺡맜죧듋,틩믡뮹쫇퓚8퓂돵춨맽쇋335/1995뫅룄룯램낸,1995쓪ꆰ뗏쓡룄룯ꆱ헽쪽뾪쪼ꆣꆰ뗏쓡룄룯ꆱ뗄쓚죝훷튪냼삨닆헾뿉돖탸탔ꆢ돉놾쯵복헾닟ꆢ헾뢮쓚늿릫헽탔ꆢ쿖듺뮯ꆢ쇩믮탔뗈ꆣ헢듎룄룯퓚1992쓪룄룯뗄믹뒡짏뗃틔짮뮯,샽죧쪵탐떯탔췋택훆,퇏룱쇋췋택뗄룱쿞뚨,뛔쳡잰췋택뾪쪼쪵쪩돍랣듫쪩,맦뚨ꆰ뮯쾵쫽ꆱ뇘탫쎿쪮쓪탞뚩튻듎(맘폚ꆰ뮯쾵쫽ꆱ볻쿂컄),춬쪱,뻶뚨헽쪽틽죫햸탂뗄퇸샏뷰쒣쪽ꆪꆪꆪꆰ쏻틥헋뮧ꆱ훆ꆣ(죽)1997쓪룄룯ꆪꆪꆪ웕싞뗏룄룯(theProdiReform)훐ퟳ솪쏋퓚틢듳샻1997쓪듳톡훐믱쪤,탂죎ퟜ샭웕싞뗏(Prodi)퓚뛔쿖듦뗄짧믡탎쫆뫍샍뚯솦쫐뎡헾닟뷸탐쇋쿪쾸움맀횮뫳,뛔릫릲퇸샏뷰룄룯쳡돶쇋쏷좷뗄룄룯붨틩:뗚튻,톸쯙횴탐ꆰ뗏쓡룄룯ꆱ뗄쯹폐듫쪩;뗚뛾,붫늻춬뗄퇸샏뷰랽낸튻훂웰살;뗚죽,볌탸횴탐퇸샏뷰탂쒣쪽ꆪꆪꆪꆰ쏻틥헋뮧ꆱ훆;뗚쯄,붨솢ꆰ뮻쾵쫽ꆱퟔ뚯탞뚩믺훆;뗚컥,볓뿬킭뗷릫릲뫍쮽죋늿쏅횮볤뗄퇸샏뷰볆뮮,듳솦랢햹웳튵늹돤퇸샏놣쿕볆뮮ꆣ퓚웕싞뗏룄룯맽돌훐,헾뢮쓚늿퓙튻듎틽랢쇋탂튻싖뛔퇸샏뷰룄룯뗄죈쇒쳖싛,웤훐,맍훷ퟩ횯뛔듳늿럖룄룯듫쪩뇭쪾랴뛔ꆣ떫룄룯듫쪩뮹퓚쮳샻퓋탐ퟅ,449/1997뫅룄룯램낸폚떱쓪춨맽ꆣ1997쓪뗄ꆰ웕싞뗏룄룯ꆱ횼퓚짮뮯1995쓪뗄룄룯돉맻,볌탸뷸탐ꆰ쏻틥헋뮧ꆱ훆룄룯,듳솦릮만퇸샏뷰훆뛈훐틽죫룶죋틲쯘뗄돉맻,룼볓퇏룱쳡잰췋택뗄룷쿮튪쟳,뛔췋택룱쳡돶튻쳗춳튻뗄훆뛈튪쟳ꆣ죽ꆡꆰ쏻틥헋뮧ꆱ퓚탂훆뛈죽룶횧훹훐뗄뫋탄ퟷ폃뺭맽90쓪듺뗄죽듎훘듳룄룯,폈웤쫇1995뫍1997쓪룄룯횮뫳,틢듳샻탂탍퇸샏뷰훆뛈뇣돉캪튻룶평죽룶횧훹릹돉뗄뛠닣듎쳥쾵,웤훐ퟮ듳뗄룄룯듫쪩뇣쫇뗚튻횧훹틽죫쇋햸탂뗄ꆰ쏻틥헋뮧ꆱ훆쒣쪽ꆣ(튻)뗚튻횧훹:ꆰ쏻틥헋뮧ꆱ훆뗚튻횧훹퇸샏뷰룸뢶뗄볆쯣랽램평쫕죫맘솪탍뇤캪쏻틥뷉럑좷뚨탍,쯼' 1994-2008 China Academic Journal Electronic Publishing House. All rights reserved.
102얷훞퇐뺿ꆡ2005쓪뗚6웚ꆡ뢲룇쇋쯹폐뗄릤죋ꆣ뗚튻횧훹훐뗄탂탍퇸샏뷰쒣쪽ꆰ쏻틥헋뮧ꆱ훆쫇튻훖믬뫏쒣쪽,쫇퇸샏뷰룄룯뗄튻룶훘튪훆뛈뒴탂,쫇틢듳샻90쓪듺좷솢뗄죽횧훹퇸샏훆뛈훐ퟮ듳뗄쇁뗣,웤훷튪쳘뗣캪:1.쿖쫕쿖뢶훆돯랽쪽,뷉럑좷뚨탍(DC)룸뢶볆쯣릫쪽ꆣ탂뗄퇸샏뷰훆뛈퓚돯짏죔쫇쿖쫕쿖뢶훆,떫쎿룶탐튵뷉럑싊좴늻뺡쿠춬(볻뇭3)ꆣ뷉럑쮮욽늻짨ퟮ룟쿞,떫짨솢쇋ퟮ뗍쿞뛮ꆣ좷솢쇋DC탍룸뢶볆쯣랽램,벴퇸샏뷰뗄룸뢶쮮욽좡뻶폚릤죋퓚헻룶횰튵짺퇄훐룶죋헋뮧뗄믽샛뫍췋택쓪쇤,뮹좡뻶폚맺쓚짺닺ퟜ횵쏻틥퓶뎤싊늢뻝듋뮯캪쏻틥닺ꆣ퇸샏뷰룸뢶뗄볆쯣릫쪽캪:PgeNDC=ꇆagec(1+ag)-iꆤꛄiage+1i=ꛁꆡꆡCiꆪꆪꆪ릤죋퓚i쯪쪱뗄뷉럑gꆪꆪꆪ맺쓚짺닺ퟜ횵쏻틥퓶뎤싊ageꆪꆪꆪ췋택쓪쇤ꛄꆪꆪꆪ헫뛔뻟쳥쓪쇤뷗뛎뗄쓪뷰싊aꆪꆪꆪ릤죋뷸죫샍뚯솦쫐뎡쪱뗄쓪쇤2.짨솢쏻틥룶죋헋뮧,쏻틥뷉럑싊룟폚쪵볊뷉럑싊ꆣ캪쎿튻캻릤죋짨솢튻룶룶죋헋뮧ꆣ룄룯맽돌훐,캪쇋쏖늹릤죋쳦듺싊쿂붵퓬돉뗄쯰쪧,탂훆뛈맦뚨,폃폚볆쯣퇸샏뷰쫕틦뗄쏻틥뷉럑싊룟폚릤죋쪵볊뷉쓉뗄럑싊(볻뇭3)ꆣ1995쓪틔뫳쪵볊뷉럑싊폐쯹쳡룟ꆣ뇭3쏻틥뷉럑싊폫쪵볊뷉럑싊뗄뇈뷏맍풱샠탍쪵볊뷉럑싊욽뫢뷉럑싊볆쯣쫕틦뗄쏻틥뷉럑싊쮽죋늿쏅맍풱%%33%릫릲늿쏅맍풱%%33%릤붳%19%20%쮽펪뗪훷%19%20%얩쏱%20%20%럇뗤탍릤죋13%19%20%ꆡꆡ쇏살풴:MaurizioFerreraandMatteoJessoula,ꆰReconfiguringItalianPensionsꆱ,paperpreparedforthe15thAnnualMeetingoftheSocietyfortheAdvancementofSocio-Economics,June2003,ꆰtable9ꆱ.' 1994-2008 China Academic Journal Electronic Publishing House. All rights reserved.
ꆡ틢듳샻뻅쪮쓪듺틔살퇸샏뷰죽룶횧훹룄룯뷸돌1033.맽뛉웚낲업ꆣ룄룯뫳,릤죋럖죽ퟩ쿲탂훆뛈뷸탐맽뛉:뗚튻,뷘횹떽1995쓪12퓂31죕,퓚뻉쳥쾵훐릤ퟷ18쓪틔짏뗄ꆰ샏죋ꆱ퇸샏뷰룸뢶쮮욽췪좫내헕쫕틦좷뚨(DB)맦퓲볆쯣;뗚뛾,뷘횹떽1995쓪12퓂31죕,틑닎볓릤ퟷ떫늻싺18쓪뗄ꆰ훐죋ꆱ펵폐톡퓱볓죫ꆰ쏻틥헋뮧ꆱ뗄좨샻,떫튻냣쮵살내헕ꆰpro2rataꆱ믺훆볆쯣,벴럖캪솽늿럖:튻늿럖쫇95쓪뗗틔잰뗄뷉럑죔내쫕죫맘솪탍볆쯣,쇭튻늿럖쫇95쓪뫳뗄뷉럑늿럖퓲내탂랽램믽샛;뗚죽,1996쓪1퓂1죕틔뫳닎볓릤ퟷ뗄ꆰ탂죋ꆱ퇸샏뷰볆쯣췪좫내헕탂훆뛈뷸탐ꆣ4.떯탔췋택훆ꆣ탂훆뛈닉좡떯탔췋택훆,릤죋뿉틔퓚57-65쯪횮볤톡퓱췋택,춬쪱뮹맦뚨쇋췋택뗄ퟮ퓧쓪쇤쿞훆벴늻뗃뗍폚57쯪ꆣ떫헢뷶뷶쫇쏻틥짏뗄,쫂쪵짏57쯪벸뫵늻뿉쓜돉캪쇬좡퇸샏뷰뗄ퟮ뗍룱쓪쇤ꆣ2009쓪붫좡쿻ꆰ샺췋택뷰ꆱꆣ5.ꆰ뮻쾵쫽ꆱ벰횸쫽뮯뗄뇤뮯ꆣ평폚쫙쏼풤웚ꆢ맺쓚짺닺ퟜ횵퓶뎤싊뫍쫕죫쟩뿶뗈퓚늻뛏뇤뮯,틲듋맦뚨쎿쪮쓪뛔뮻쾵쫽탞뚩튻듎ꆣ춬쪱,퇸샏뷰룸뢶쮮욽늻퓙폫릤맒릳,뛸쫇쪵탐컯볛횸쫽뮯뗄냬램듺횮ꆣ듋췢,헾뢮뮹퓊탭춨맽풤쯣퓶볓뛮췢뗄쯦믺뗷헻듫쪩ꆣ6.쳡잰췋택폨틔돍랣,췋택룱룼볓퇏룱ꆣ탂훆뛈좡쿻쇋뛔쳡잰췋택컞돍랣뗄헾닟,맦뚨쯤좻죔뿉틔쳡잰췋택,떫뇘탫뷉쓉훁짙놶폚ퟮ뗍놣헏퇸샏뷰쮮욽뗄놣쿕럑ꆣ췋택룱튲룼볓퇏룱,돽쇋좷놣릤죋퓚헻룶횰튵짺퇄쓚뷉럑틔췢,췋택훁짙뮹튪싺ퟣ틔쿂솽룶쳵볾훐뗄튻룶:믲훁짙뷉럑5쓪뻍뿉틔57쯪췋택,믲훁짙듯떽40쓪뗄뷉럑ꆣ7.좡쿻늿럖좺쳥뗄쳘좨,떫헕맋쒳킩쳘쫢좺쳥ꆣ훰늽좡쿻릫컱풱뗄쳘좨,탞룄릫컱풱뗄뷉럑맦뚨,죧닎뾼릤쮮욽뗄쓪럝삩햹떽헻룶횰튵짺퇄ꆣ뛔틅쫴ꆢ닐벲죋뗄맜샭맦퓲룼볓퇏룱,죧뛔틅쫴벰닐벲죋뗄룸뢶퓶볓쇋쫕죫쿞훆,떫듋쿮쿞훆늻쫊폃폚폐킡몢믲닐벲죋뗄볒춥ꆣ뛸뛔헕뾴킡몢뛸늻쓜릤ퟷ뗄쒸쟗,헕맋ퟓ얮뗄ퟮ듳쓪쿞캪6쓪,벴퓚ퟓ얮쇹쯪횮잰튻횱평헾뢮듺캪볇헋ꆰ뷉럑ꆱꆣ(뛾)뗚뛾횧훹:ퟔ풸뗄벯쳥퇸샏뷰쾵춳훚쯹훜횪,틢듳샻뗄ꆰ뷰죚컄뮯ꆱ뷏죵,틲듋,퓚룄룯돵웚,뗚뛾횧훹뗄뢲룇싊뫜뗍ꆣ랢햹뗚뛾횧훹뗄룹놾쒿뗄쫇캪릫릲퇸샏뷰쳡릩튻룶늹돤훆뛈,춬쪱뿉틔듯떽듙뷸놾쫐뎡뗄랢햹뫍쳡룟헾뢮맜샭쮮욽뗄쒿뗄ꆣ퇸샏뷰뗄맜샭헟뿉틔뛔춶릫쮾뷸탐톡퓱,헢뻍퓶볓쇋뛔쫐뎡맜샭뗄톹솦,폐샻폚쳡룟뺭볃뫍뷰죚쫐뎡뗄킧싊ꆣ' 1994-2008 China Academic Journal Electronic Publishing House. All rights reserved.
104얷훞퇐뺿ꆡ2005쓪뗚6웚ꆡ룄룯뫳,뗚뛾횧훹럖캪솽룶ퟓ쾵춳:웵풼탍ꆪꆪꆪ럢뇕탍퇸샏믹뷰(contractualpensionfunds,틔쿂볲돆PFc),뾪럅탍퇸샏믹뷰(openpensionfunds,틔쿂볲돆PFo)ꆣPFc탫뺭릤죋쫂쿈춬틢늢틔벯쳥뗄쏻틥닎볓,쯼틔횰튵ꆢ뗘샭쟸폲ꆢ듳릫쮾캪믹뒡떥캻,평릤죋솪뫏믡죧릤믡뗈맜샭ꆣ쒿잰,PFc퓚뗚뛾횧훹훐랢믓ퟅ뫋탄ퟷ폃,웤훷튪쳘뗣폐컥룶ꋙ:뗚튻,뷰살풴훷튪쫇뷉럑,릤믡뫍맍훷ퟩ횯틔웵풼뗄탎쪽뛔ퟮ뗍뷉럑싊듯돉릲쪶늢잩쫰킭틩,릤죋룹뻝헢튻뷉럑싊뷸탐뷉럑;틢듳샻뗄웳튵늹돤놣쿕(TFR)뗄튻늿럖쫇PFc,뇈샽틑듯50%ꆣ뗚뛾,볆쯣랽램캪DC훆,벴PFc늢늻쳡릩만뚨뗄믘놨싊,뛸좡뻶폚춶ꆢ믹뷰맜샭쮮욽뫍맜샭돉놾뗈훮뛠ힴ뿶ꆣ퓚럖엤랽쏦,릤죋뿉틔튻듎탔쇬좡50%,폠쿂뗄틔쓪뷰탎쪽듦뒢웰살ꆣ뗚죽,퓚맜샭ꆢ춶뫍퓋펪랽쏦,룷닎폫헟뚼쫇뛀솢뗄,죧믹뷰폫볆뮮랢웰죋쿠럖샫,쯻쏇뻹캪뛀솢뗄램죋쪵쳥ꆣPFc늻쓜뛔뷰뷸탐횱뷓춶,뛸탫뛔뷰ퟶ돶햽싔엤뇈,쪹믹뷰쓜릻뷸죫춶릫쮾ꆣ춶쫇틔틸탐ꆢ춶릫쮾뫍놣쿕릫쮾캪뷩쳥,쯻쏇돐떣춶럧쿕뗄퓰죎ꆣ내맦뚨,춶폚튻냣뷰죚쫐뎡틔췢뗄쪵쳥뗄뷰늻쓜뎬맽50%,춶폚럇OECD맺볒뗄늻쓜뎬맽5%ꆣ뗚쯄,쮰쫕폅믝헾닟쪵탐뗄쫇ETT쒣쪽,벴뷉럑쪱쏢쮰,믽샛쪱쫕쮰,럖엤쪱쓉쮰ꆣ뗚컥,볠맜믺릹쫇COVIP,쯼쫚좨엺ힼ늢붨솢퇸샏믹뷰,뛔웤럧쿕뿘훆ힼ퓲뷸탐짳뫋,퓚퇸샏믹뷰뫍믹뷰맜샭죋횮볤듯돉튻훂,늢좷솢뫢솿믹뷰춶뗄뇪ힼꆣ뛸Pfo쫇틔틸탐ꆢ놣쿕릫쮾ꆢ믹뷰릫쮾뗈뷰죚릫쮾캪쎽뷩뷸탐맜샭,릤죋뿉틔틔룶죋믲벯쳥뗄쏻틥볓죫ꆣ떱틔벯쳥쏻틥볓죫쪱,Pfoퟔ좻돉캪뗚뛾횧훹;떫떱틔룶죋쏻틥볓죫쪱,퓲뻍ퟔ좻돉캪뗚죽횧훹ꆣPFo뛔좫쳥릤죋뾪럅,떫횻폐쓇킩늻쓜닎볓PFc뗄릤죋닅폐좨짪쟫볓죫ꆣ폫PFc쿠뇈,PFo퓚틢듳샻퇸샏뷰쳥쾵훐뗄럖솿뷏킡ꆣ(죽)뗚죽횧훹:ퟔ풸탍룶죋퇸샏뷰쳥쾵뗚죽횧훹쫇평뷰죚믺릹캪샏쓪죋쳡릩뗄ퟔ풸탍룶죋믽샛훆뛈ꆣPFo쿲룶죋쳡릩뗄퇸샏뷰닺욷뫍놣쿕릫쮾쳡릩뗄뒫춳퇸샏뷰닺욷횮볤듦퓚ퟅ벤쇒뗄뺺헹ꆣ헾뢮훆뚩뗄쮰쫕폅믝헾닟듌벤쇋헢튻횧훹뗄랢햹ꆣ쒿잰,틢듳샻뗚죽횧훹뗄랢햹뮹뫜늻돤럖,뷶ퟷ캪틔짏솽룶횧훹뗄뢨훺늿럖ꋙPFc뗄훷튪쳘뗣룹뻝틔쿂쇏헻샭:BeniaminoLapadula,ThePensionSysteminItaly,CGIL,2003,pp14-8.' 1994-2008 China Academic Journal Electronic Publishing House. All rights reserved.
ꆡ틢듳샻뻅쪮쓪듺틔살퇸샏뷰죽룶횧훹룄룯뷸돌105랢믓뷏킡뗄ퟷ폃ꆣ퓚틢듳샻뛠횧훹뗄퇸샏뷰쳥쾵훐,퓚뛔뗚튻횧훹ꆰ쏻틥헋뮧ꆱ뷸탐룄룯쪱,춬쪱뛔뗚뛾뫍뗚죽횧훹뷸탐쇋엤쳗짨볆,웤뷡맻쫇늻뷶복쟡쇋헾뢮뗄톹솦,삩듳쇋퇸샏뷰뗄뢲룇랶캧,춬쪱뮹쪹릤죋뗄췋택짺믮뗃떽쇋돤럖뗄놣헏ꆣ쯄탂쳥쾵뗄움볛:폅쫆뫍듦퓚뗄컊쳢(튻)탂훆뛈뗄폅쫆1992쓪룄룯쫇룶솼뫃뗄뾪뛋,쯼캪틢듳샻헻룶90쓪듺짧믡놣헏훆뛈뗄룄룯듸살쇋쾲톶;1995쓪룄룯틽죫쇋햸탂뗄쒣쪽,틢듳샻뇣듓듋쿲ꆰ쏻틥헋뮧ꆱ훆뗄욽컈맽뛉;1997쓪룄룯쪹쏻틥헋뮧훆ퟮ훕뗃틔좷솢ꆣ폐럖컶뇭쏷,틢듳샻룷쿮룄룯뗄늹뎥탔쒿뇪틑뺭듯떽,퇸샏뷰횧돶햼맺쓚짺닺ퟜ횵뗄뇈싊쟷폚컈뚨,헢돤럖횤쏷쇋ꆰ쏻틥헋뮧ꆱ뻟폐뷏잿뗄짺쏼솦,웤돉킧쫇쿔뛸틗볻뗄ꆣ맩쓉웰살,틢듳샻룄룯뗄돉릦횮뒦훷튪쳥쿖퓚틔쿂벸룶랽쏦:춼2ꆡ룄룯잰뫳퇸샏뷰횧돶쟣쿲뗄뇈뷏1.퇸샏뷰횧돶퓶뎤럹뛈쿂붵,닆헾뿉돖탸탔볓잿ꆣ룄룯쪹뷉럑쓪쿞뗃떽퇓뎤,췆동쇋램뚨췋택쓪쇤,뗚튻횧훹뗄쳦듺싊ퟮ훕뗃틔붵쿂살(볻쿂컄),뻝닢쯣,캴살퇸샏뷰횧돶뗄짏짽럹뛈뇈룄룯잰듳캪쿂붵(볻춼2),헾뢮ꆡꆡ쇏살풴:MaurizioFerreraandMatteoJessoula,ꆰReconfig2릫릲횧돶뗄뢺떣듳듳복uringItalianPensionsꆱ,paperpreparedforthe15thAnnualMeet2쟡,닆헾돠ퟖ복짙,닆헾뗄ingoftheSocietyfortheAdvancementofSocio-Economics,graph뿉돖탸탔뗃떽퓶잿ꆣ춬3,June2003.쪱,뷉럑뫍룸뢶횮볤붨솢웰쇋쏜쟐솪쾵,퓚릫릲퇸샏뷰훆뛈훐퓙쿖쇋ꆰ놣쿕ꆱ뗄틲쯘,듓뛸삩듳쇋뢣샻뗄짧믡퓶솿,쪹짧믡퇸샏훆뛈ퟜ쳥짏붲룼볓뻟폐뿉돖탸탔ꆣ2.죽듳횧훹룷ퟔ뗄쳦듺싊훰늽쟷쿲뫏샭뮯ꆣ퓚탂훆뛈훐,늻떫뗚튻횧훹뗄쳦듺싊쏷쿔쿂붵,뛸쟒쯼퓚헻룶퇸샏쳥쾵훐뗄뇈훘튲쯦횮쿂붵ꆣ웤훐뛔쮽죋늿' 1994-2008 China Academic Journal Electronic Publishing House. All rights reserved.
106얷훞퇐뺿ꆡ2005쓪뗚6웚ꆡ쏅릤죋펰쿬ퟮ듳,샽죧쮽죋늿쏅훐뷉럑40쓪쟒65쯪췋택릤죋뗄쳦듺싊붫평2000쓪뗄%쿂붵떽2020쓪뗄%뫍2050쓪뗄%ꆣꋙ뗚튻횧훹릫릲퇸샏뷰쳦듺싊뗄쿂붵튻랽쏦폐샻폚복쟡맺볒퓚퇸샏뷰횧돶짏뗄뢺떣,쇭튻랽쏦뮹폐샻폚웤쯻횧훹뗄랢햹ꆣ쿠랴,뗚뛾뫍죽횧훹뗄쳦듺싊쏷쿔짏짽,평듋퓚퇸샏뷰쳥쾵훐뗄ퟜ쳥뇈훘튲쏷쿔쳡룟ꆣ뮹쫇틔쮽죋늿쏅캪샽,웤뷉럑40쓪쟒65쯪췋택릤죋뗄뗚뛾횧훹쳦듺싊붫평2010쓪%짏짽떽2030쓪뗄%뫍2050쓪뗄%ꆣꋚ룄룯잰닎볓쮽죋퇸샏뷰훆뛈뗄죋쫽횻햼7%,뛸쟒듳늿럖벯훐퓚틸탐ꆢ놣쿕ꆢ탂컅뗈탐튵믲놱랽뗘쟸;뛸퓚2001쓪,틢듳샻닎볓늹돤퇸샏놣쿕뗄죋쫽틑짏짽떽10%ꆣ뻝2003쓪춳볆,뗚뛾횧훹뗄닺ퟜ뛮틑햼맺쓚짺닺ퟜ횵뗄3%,풤볆10쓪뫳붫짏짽떽12%,30쓪뫳짏짽캪50%ꆣ2003쓪뗄쫽뻝뮹쿔쪾,뗚죽횧훹훐뗄퇸샏뷰닺틑햼맺쓚짺닺ퟜ횵뗄%ꆣꋛ춼3ꆡ룄룯잰뫳췋택쓪쇤ힴ뿶뗄뇈뷏ꆡꆡ쇏살풴:TitoBoeri,ꆰTheCurrentItalianPensionReform:AnotherPartialSolution?ꆱ,Octo2ber22,2003,p15.ꋙMaurizioFerreraandMatteoJessoula,ꆰReconfiguringItalianPensionsꆱ,paperpreparedforthe15thAnnualMeetingoftheSocietyfortheAdvancementofSocio-Economics,June2003.ꋚMaurizioFerreraandMatteoJessoula,ꆰReconfiguringItalianPensionsꆱ,paperpreparedforthe15thAnnualMeetingoftheSocietyfortheAdvancementofSocio-Economics,June2003.ꋛDavidNatal,ꆰTheReformedPensionSystemꆱ,ServicePublicFꢦdꢦralSꢦcuritꢦSocial,2004.' 1994-2008 China Academic Journal Electronic Publishing House. All rights reserved.
ꆡ틢듳샻뻅쪮쓪듺틔살퇸샏뷰죽룶횧훹룄룯뷸돌1073.췆동쇋췋택쓪쇤ꆣ룄룯뫳,평폚퇸샏뷰뗄룸뢶쮮욽폫췋택쓪쇤뻟폐횱뷓뗄쓚퓚뺫쯣맘쾵,쯹틔,탭뛠릤죋췆동쇋췋택쓪쇤ꆣ퓚탂훆뛈훐,뛔쓇킩풭놾쿫62쯪췋택뛸쿖퓚퓲뻶뚨65쯪췋택뗄죋살쮵,쯻쏇뗄퇸샏뷰룸뢶쮮욽쎿쓪붫퓶볓6%;헢뫁컞틉컊쫇탂훆뛈횱뷓펰쿬쇋릤죋뗄췋택뻶닟,샽죧,뻶뚨57쯪췋택뗄죋쫽쿂붵쇋15%(볻춼3)ꆣꋙ4.탂훆뛈룼볓릫욽ꆢ릫헽ꆣ탂훆뛈쿻돽쇋틔췹늻릫욽뗄쿖쿳,쳘뇰쫇릫릲늿쏅뗄쳘쫢좨샻ퟮ훕뗃틔좡쿻ꆣ듋췢,릫욽탔뫍릫헽탔뮹랴펳퓚뛔뢾얮ꆢ닐벲죋벰웤틅쫴뗄듽폶짏:평폚뢾얮뗄쫙쏼풤웚뷏뎤,쯹틔,탂훆뛈퓚퇸샏뷰쮮욽ꆢ뷉럑ꆢ췋택쓪쇤짏뚼뇈뻉훆뛈룼캪릫욽ꆣ퓚닐벲죋뫍틅쫴뗄듽폶짏춬퇹뿉틔뾴떽탂훆뛈뗄릫욽탔,샽죧탂훆뛈맦뚨캪헢킩쳘쫢좺쳥쳡릩ꆰ쏻틥뷉럑볇슼ꆱꆣ(뛾)탂쳥쾵쏦쇙뗄컊쳢뫍쳴햽쯤좻뻅쪮쓪듺뗄돉릦듸살쇋쿔뛸틗볻뗄돉킧,떫틢듳샻ꆰ쏻틥헋뮧ꆱ뗄캴살뮹폐뫜뛠늻좷뚨탔,믲쮵뮹듦퓚ퟅ쒳킩늻ퟣ뫍좱몶,뮹쏦쇙ퟅ튻킩탂뗄쳴햽ꆣ1.룄룯뗄뷡맻쒿잰뮹늻쓜솢뿌췪좫랢믓ퟷ폃ꆣ퓚맽뛉웚쓚,쯤좻탂훆뛈쳡룟쇋쓪쇤쿞훆,떫폐킧뗄췋택쓪쇤퓚ퟮ뷼뗄15쓪쓚죔늻쓜랢믓ퟷ폃,뛸횻폐퓚2036쓪ꆰ탂죋ꆱ췋택쪱닅믡췪좫랢믓ퟷ폃ꆣ죧듋횮뎤뗄맽뛉웚붫늻샻폚룄룯뗄ퟜ쳥뷸돌,ꆰ샏죋ꆱ뫍ꆰ훐죋ꆱꆢꆰ탂죋ꆱ횮볤뗄퇸샏뷰듽폶닮뇰맽듳,헢붫틽웰튻뚨뗄짧믡늻릫헽쿖쿳뗄랢짺,늻샻폚짧믡뗄컈뚨ꆣ2.퇸샏뷰뗄횧돶뮹믡볌탸짏짽ꆣꆰ쏻틥헋뮧ꆱ뗄틽죫쯤좻룄뇤쇋퇸샏뷰횧돶쏷쿔짏짽뗄쟷쫆,퓚샭싛짏뻟폐믽벫뗄ퟷ폃,떫퓚쪵쪩맽돌훐좴듦퓚ퟅ튻킩컊쳢ꆣ1995쓪룄룯톡퓱ꆰ쏻틥헋뮧ꆱ훆횮뫳,쯦ퟅ죋뿚샏쇤뮯뗄랢햹,퇸샏뷰햮컱죔퓚짏짽ꆣ듋췢,퇸샏뷰횸쫽뮯뗄뇤뮯룼볓듙뷸쇋퇸샏뷰횧돶뗄짏짽ꆣ퇸샏뷰횧돶쯤좻퓚2030쓪틔뫳믡돶쿖쿂붵뗄쟷쫆,떫훁짙퓚ퟮ뷼튻뛾쪮쓪쓚뮹쫇뒦폚짏짽쟷쫆ꆣ헻룶퇸샏뷰릫릲횧돶햼맺쓚짺닺ퟜ횵뗄뇈샽붫평2001쓪뗄%짏짽떽2033쓪뗄%ꋚ,틲듋,퓚뷏뎤쪱웚쓚,닆헾컊쳢늢늻믡뗃떽룹놾뗄뷢뻶ꆣꋙ,ꆰTheReformofthePensionSysteminItalyꆱ,IMFWorkingPaper,February1997,p15.ꋚDepartmentofGeneralAccounts,ꆰMediumandLong2termTrendsoftheItalianPensionSystemꆱ,November2000.' 1994-2008 China Academic Journal Electronic Publishing House. All rights reserved.
108얷훞퇐뺿ꆡ2005쓪뗚6웚ꆡ3.폫풤웚춨헍싊맒릳늻뷶믡듸살쿠뛔욶삧,뮹폐뿉쓜틽랢뻸뛔욶삧ꆣ뫜쿔좻,뷶뷶쪵탐춨헍싊맒릳횸쫽뮯늢늻쓜캪췋택죋풱뗄쪵볊릺싲솦쳡릩돤럖뗄놣횤,쯼튻랽쏦믡복짙횧돶,떫쇭튻랽쏦붫믡퓶잿뷉럑싊뛔짺닺솦퓶뎤뗄쏴룐뛈,늢붫샏쓪죋업돽퓚럖쿭맺쓚릤퓶뎤횮췢,듓뛸떼훂샏쓪죋뗄쿠뛔욶삧,폫웤쯻짧믡돉풱뗄짺믮ힴ뿶쿠뇈뷏,쯻쏇뗄뺳폶붫믡뇤뗃룼닮ꆣ뎤웚뾴,죧맻퇸샏뷰룺늻짏릤뗄퓶뎤싊,웤볛횵뻍믡쫜떽튻뚨돌뛈뗄쟖쪴ꆣ헢퇹늻뷶믡떼훂쿠뛔욶삧,뮹믡틽랢뻸뛔욶삧,쪹쳦듺싊쿂붵,췋택죋풱뗄짺믮쏦쇙뷏룟뗄럧쿕,퓶볓쇋욶삧잿뛈뫍짧믡업돢뗄벸싊ꆣ4.ꆰ럇헽맦늿쏅뻍튵ꆱ죕틦퓶뛠,쯻쏇뗄췋택짺믮늻쓜뗃떽돤럖놣헏ꆣ뛔ꆰ럇헽맦늿쏅뻍튵ꆱ살쮵,릫릲퇸샏뷰늻쓜뫜뫃뗘뷢뻶헢늿럖죋뗄퇸샏컊쳢,틲캪쯻쏇뗄릤ퟷ쪱볤뛌쟒늻맦퓲ꆣ늹돤퇸샏놣쿕튲늻쓜뫜뫃뗘뷢뻶헢늿럖죋뗄삧뺳,틲캪헢늿럖릤죋쎻폐컈뚨뗄릤쫕죫살풴,릤쮮욽뷏뗍,듓뛸컞솦뷉쓉뛮췢뗄놣쿕럑ꆣ뛸쟒,늹돤퇸샏놣쿕뗄쮰쫕폅믝헾닟횻뛔쓇킩폐ퟣ릻쫕죫늢뷉쓉놣쿕럑뗄릤죋닅쫇쪮럖뇘튪뗄ꆣ틲듋,릫릲퇸샏뷰뫍웳튵늹돤놣쿕횻쫇뛔ꆰ헽맦늿쏅뻍튵ꆱ릤죋닅뻟폐쪵볊틢틥,뛸뛔ꆰ럇헽맦늿쏅뻍튵ꆱ릤죋살쮵퓲뫜쓑룸폨돤럖뗄췋택쫕죫놣횤ꆣ5.릲볃탔닮,퓙럖엤킧맻뷏죵ꆣ폫쿖쫕쿖뢶훆쿠뇈,ꆰ쏻틥헋뮧ꆱ뗄퓙럖엤ퟷ폃뷏죵ꆣ틢듳샻퓚틽죫ꆰ쏻틥헋뮧ꆱ훆쪱,뺡맜뛔65쯪틔짏샏쓪죋쪵탐쇋ꆰ볒볆뗷닩탍짧믡뻈훺ꆱ,떫퓚탍뗄맽돌훐췋택헟횮볤뮹믡돶쿖뷏듳뗄닮틬탔ꆣ6.ꆰ뮻쾵쫽ꆱ듦퓚튻킩좱쿝ꆣ쎿쪮쓪탞뚩튻듎뗄ꆰ뮻쾵쫽ꆱ믡쪹솽듺죋횮볤뗄퇸샏듽폶쮮욽쿠닮뫜듳,짵훁뿉쓜믡틽랢튻킩헾훎컊쳢ꆣ춬쪱,탞뚩헢튻쾵쫽쪱늢캴뾼싇떽닐벲죋뫍틅쫴뗄횧돶컊쳢ꆣ틲듋,틢듳샻룄룯뷸돌훐뮹듦퓚튻킩늻샻틲쯘,쯼쏇뛔짧믡퇸샏훆뛈붫뿉쓜닺짺튻뚨뗄뢺쏦펰쿬ꆣ틲듋,퓚죋뿚샏쇤뮯ힴ뿶톸쯙뇤뮯뗄탎쫆쿂,죋쏇ퟔ좻믡닺짺튻킩틉컊:쿖쫕쿖뢶훆뺭맽쏻틥헋뮧훆뷏뎤쪱볤뗄룄퓬뫳,퇸샏뷰뗄믘놨싊쫇럱뿉틔놣돖돤럖뗄컈뚨ힴ첬?볓잿쇋뷉럑뫍룸뢶횮볤뗄솪쾵쫇럱뿉틔뗃떽풤웚뗄캢맛뺭볃킧맻뗈뗈ꆣퟜ횮,틢듳샻쏻틥헋뮧훆뗄캴살죔돤싺쇋듳솿뗄늻좷뚨탔,룄룯죎훘뛸뗀풶ꆣ' 1994-2008 China Academic Journal Electronic Publishing House. All rights reserved.
ꆡ틢듳샻뻅쪮쓪듺틔살퇸샏뷰죽룶횧훹룄룯뷸돌109컥ꆡ뷡싛:튻킩뺭퇩뷌통틢듳샻뻅쪮쓪듺죽듎짧믡놣헏훆뛈룄룯쟺헛뛸볨탁,볈폐뺭퇩,튲폐뷌통,쇮죋짮쮼ꆣ1.룄룯훐헾뢮펦폫룷짧믡닎폫헟듯돉튻훂ꆣ퇸샏훆뛈룄룯맽돌훐,헾뢮폫짧믡닎폫헟쳘뇰쫇릤믡횮볤쓜럱듯돉릲쪶쫇룄룯돉릦폫럱뗄튻쿮훘튪쳵볾ꆣ1992쓪낢싪췐룄룯뫍1995쓪뗏쓡룄룯돉릦뗄튻쳵훷튪뺭퇩뻍쫇헾뢮폫릤믡뫍맍훷ퟩ횯듯돉쇋튻훂틢볻ꆣ쯻쏇얬솦폫룷짧믡닎폫헟첸에늢듯돉킭틩,췆뚯쇋룄룯뗄쮳샻뷸탐,웤훐헾뢮뫍릤믡횮볤뗄맘폚퇸샏뷰룄룯뗄헾훎붻틗튲쫇룄룯돉릦뗄맘볼틲쯘ꆣ뛸1994쓪놴슬쮹뿆쓡룄룯훐폫릤믡랢짺뛔훅,ퟮ훕떼훂룄룯쪧샻,놴슬쮹뿆쓡ퟜ샭놻웈듇횰쿂첨ꆣ틲듋,퓚룄룯맽돌훐,헾뢮탫폫룷짧믡닎폫헟뷸탐킭짌늢듯돉튻훂,틔복짙룄룯ퟨ솦뫍췆뚯룄룯쮳샻뷸탐ꆣ2.룄룯뗄짨볆펦ퟶ돤럖ힼ놸늢릫뾪쳖싛ꆣ틢듳샻뗄벸듎룄룯벸뫵뚼쫇퓚헾뢮췾탅쿂붵뫍웈쟐탨튪룄룯뗄놳뺰쿂뺭맽뫜뛌뗄쪱볤돯놸닖듙뷸탐뗄,룄룯랽낸쎻폐살뗃벰돤럖쳖싛,캴뺭맽릫훚뗄쳖싛짵훁튻킩헾닟훆뚨헟튲캴췪좫샭뷢ꆰ쏻틥닺ꆱ뗄헦헽몬틥,튻냣릫훚룼늻뿉쓜뛔웤췪좫샭뷢뫍뷓쫜,쯹틔,룄룯튲뻍뎣뎣뫜쓑듯떽풤웚뗄캢맛뺭볃킧맻ꆣ샽죧,쿠뛔살쮵,퓚얷쏋맺볒훐,틢듳샻뗄샍뚯솦닎폫싊뇈뷏뗍,쳘뇰쫇뢾얮뫍50쯪틔짏뗄좺쳥ꆣ퓚룄룯훐,놾펦폅쿈뾼싇쳡룟헢룶좺쳥뗄닎폫싊,떫튻킩웳튵맍훷늻떫늻폨틔엤뫏,랴뛸듇췋50쯪틔짏뗄릤죋,퓬돉쇋폫램뚨췋택쓪쇤췪좫뗖뒥뗄쟩뿶,듓뛸떼훂쪧튵싊뗄볓훘,퇸샏뷰쮮욽쿂붵ꆣ3.듳솦랢햹웳튵늹돤퇸샏뷰ꆣ퓚붵뗍릫릲퇸샏뷰쳦듺싊뗄춬쪱펦듳솦랢햹뗚뛾횧훹웳튵늹돤놣쿕뫍뗚죽횧훹쮽죋퇸샏뷰ꆣ틢듳샻퓚룄룯맽돌훐쯤좻튲쫔춼헢퇹짨볆,떫뗚뛾뫍뗚죽횧훹뗄뇈샽뮹쫇늻뺡죋틢,솽룶횧훹뗄랢햹쫜떽뫜듳훆풼,쓑틔뫜뿬랢햹웰살,틲뛸튲뻍컞램뛔샏쓪죋뗄췋택쫕죫쮮욽폨틔돤럖놣헏ꆣ듓샺쪷짏뾴평폚뗚뛾횧훹뇈뷏죵,볠맜훆뛈늻돉쫬늻붡좫,늻쫊펦룄룯뫍랢햹뗄탨튪,짵훁췏퇓쇋뗚뛾횧훹뗄룄룯뷸돌ꆣ샽죧,틢듳샻뗚뛾횧훹TFR쫇럇믽샛훆,퓚릤죋쪧튵믲췋택믲돶쿖죎뫎웤쯻쪲쎴뇰뗄풭틲쪱뿉틔튻듎탔쇬좡ꆣ2004쓪틢듳샻뛔뗚뛾횧훹뷸탐쇋튻듎훘듳룄룯,뻶뚨붫뗚뛾횧훹TFR벴ꆰ뷢맍럑ꆱ룄퓬돉캪췪좫믽샛훆,뻟쳥냬램쫇:릤죋쿭폐튻룶6룶퓂뗄톡퓱웚,퓚6룶퓂' 1994-2008 China Academic Journal Electronic Publishing House. All rights reserved.
110얷훞퇐뺿ꆡ2005쓪뗚6웚ꆡ횮쓚뇘탫뻶뚨쯻놾죋쫇붫웤샛믽뗄ꆰ뷢맍럑ꆱ볌탸쇴룸맍훷,뮹쫇붫웤틆떽탂탍뗄췪좫믽샛훆뗄뗚뛾횧훹횰튵퇸샏볆뮮횮훐,믲쫇붫웤틆떽뗚튻횧훹짧믡놣헏훆뛈떱훐,틔룄짆웤캴살뗄췋택뷰듽폶쮮욽ꆣ죧맻퓚6룶퓂횮쓚릤죋늻ퟷ죎뫎톡퓱,TFR뗄믽샛폠뛮뻍뇘탫틆떽탂뗄퇸샏믹뷰횮훐ꆣ떫쫇,쒿잰틢듳샻헾뢮폶떽솽룶삧쓑:튻룶삧쓑쫇,쒿잰TFR뗄믽샛폠뛮쫇140틚얷풪,죧맻붫웤룄퓬돉캪췪좫믽샛훆뻍탨튪뷸탐춶,떫쫇볠맜떱뻖훁뷱뮹쎻떽캻,짵훁뮹쎻뻶뚨평쓄룶늿쏅살뢺퓰볠맜ꆣ2004쓪룄룯램낸맦뚨,퇸샏뷰볠맜떱뻖쫇볠맜뗄캨튻늿쏅,떫뷱쓪뾼싇떽늿럖뷰뷸죫틢듳샻횤좯쫐뎡,평쓄룶늿쏅뢺퓰볠맜뻍뇤뗃뢴퓓웰살ꆣ뗚뛾룶삧쓑쫇,퓚붫TFR헢140틚얷풪룄퓬돉췪좫믽샛훆틔뫳떽뗗죧뫎뛔웤뷸탐춶,듓ퟜ쳥짏붲,틢듳샻헾뢮뛔듋뮹쎻폐폫짧믡믯냩횮볤듯돉릲쪶ꆣ놾살,2004쓪룄룯랽낸맦뚨,릤죋뗄6룶퓂톡퓱웚쫇듓2005쓪7퓂뾪쪼,뮹맦뚨,퓚2005쓪10퓂6죕횮잰헾뢮폫짧믡믯냩횮볤뇘탫뛔140틚얷풪춶컊쳢듯돉킭틩ꆣ떫쫇,평폚폶떽쇋짏쫶솽룶삧쓑,2005쓪6퓂10죕틢듳샻뺭볃폫닆헾늿탻늼붫웤췆동떽2006쓪1퓂1죕폨틔횴탐ꆣꋙ4.룄룯펦솢램쿈탐ꆣ퓚룄룯횮잰,룄룯닝낸쿈탐짏놨틩믡짳엺,퓚헽쪽램낸뗃떽춨맽횮뫳,룄룯ퟔ짏뛸쿂뷸탐,쯹틔,틢듳샻뗄룄룯뷸돌닅쯣ퟮ훕뇈뷏쮳샻뗘뗃틔췪돉ꆣ헢놻죏캪쫇틢듳샻룄룯쓜릻좡뗃돉릦뗄튻쳵훘튪뺭퇩ꆣퟜ횮,90쓪듺틢듳샻죽듎룄룯쏷쿔룄뇤쇋틢듳샻퇸샏뷰쳥쾵뗄잰춾,뻉훆뛈ꆰ쯩욬쪽ꆱ뗄퇸샏뷰볆뮮듳쳥짏뗃떽쇋춳튻,ꆰ쏻틥헋뮧ꆱ훆뗄틽죫좡뗃쇋돵늽돉맻ꆣ떫쫇,룄룯뷸돌늢쎻폐뷡쫸,뮹듦퓚뫜뛠컊쳢뫍쳴햽,폐맘퇸샏놣쿕훆뛈룄룯뗄짮튻닣쳖싛뮹퓚볌탸;쫊폃폚맽뛉웚뗄룷쿮맦퓲탨튪뷸튻늽퇏룱;ꆰ쏻틥헋뮧ꆱ훆뗄룄룯듫쪩캴췪좫횴탐,풤웚킧맻캴췪좫듯떽,룄룯튲죔퓚볌탸ꆣ틢듳샻ꆰ쏻틥헋뮧ꆱ훆뗄캴살뻟폐튻킩늻좷뚨탔,맘볼뮹튪뾴틔뫳헾뢮뗄첬뛈뫍듫쪩,틔벰웤쯻짧믡닎폫헟뗄탐캪뇭쿖ꆣ(ퟷ헟볲뷩:횣뇼컄,훐맺짧믡뿆톧풺삭뚡쏀훞퇐뺿쯹퇐뺿풱;쯎삤,훐맺짧믡뿆톧풺퇐뺿짺풺헾뢮헾닟쾵퇐뺿짺ꆣ퓰죎뇠벭:쯯퇥뫬)ꋙInternationalBenefitsInformationService(IBIB),April2005,(Investment&PensionsEurope),June10,2005.' 1994-2008 China Academic Journal Electronic Publishing House. All rights reserved.
94ꆡPensionReformsinItalyovertheLastDecadeZHENGBingwenꆡSONGKunInthewaveofworld2widesocialsecurityreform,asoneofthecountriessufferingfromagingsociety,andowingtofiscalpressure,Italystartedtoreformitspensionsystemsincethe1990s,,Italysetuppillarstosupportitspensionsystem,anditspracticesinthepassed10yearsshowthat,ꆰNotionalDefinedContributionꆱ,thebackgroundandreasonsofreforms,,itgeneralizestheexperiencesandlessons,,ꆡTheRisingofCriticalStudiesofIRDisciplinaryHistoryLIUFengꆡZHANGDi127ꆡOntheStudyofInternationalNuclearNon2proliferationRegimeJIANGZhenfei140ꆡAReviewonEUSOCIALPOLICYANDEUROPEANINTEGRATIONLIUJinyuanSUNXiaoxiangACADEMICACTIVITIES149ꆡAsia2linkProjectꆰꆱSuccessfullyCompletedLIUFei155ꆡEditorpisNote' 1994-2008 China Academic Journal Electronic Publishing House. All rights reserved.
