安全与未来
——加中关系分析
Security and the Future
----the Developing Canada-China
Relations in the conflicts and
understanding
Professor NI Lexiong
Shanghai University of Political Science and LawShanghai University of Political Science and Law
1 .The Geopolitical Characteristics
of Canada and China
Canada is in the edge of the world. The
United States’ friendly policies counteract
Russian hostility towards Canada.
Canadian political and military significance
to the world belongs “to gain mastery by
striking only after the enemy has struck”,
that is when the great powers are
exhausted on the world stage, and Canada
will behave as a major role. Therefore,
conservative and passive are the basic
characteristics of the Canadian national
policy. The countries locatedin the edge
of the world are destined to decide the
history. For example, Macedonia of the
Greek world,United Kingdom, the United
States used to be in the edge of civilized
countries, later they became the regional
or global powers. Canada should be aware
of its historical mission.
China is in the centre of world common
interests, and owns important strategic
position. With a large population, lack of
natural and social resources relatively.
More serious is that China's neighboring
countries are ambitious countries, such as
Russia, Japan, India and even Vietnam.
The United States also joined into the
competition. That’s why China is in a state
of tension and consumption all the while
2. The Security State of the Two Countries
Canada is a mature and modern civilized
nation, where no war happened within 200
years, rich in resources and with a small
population. Because it is located in the
edge of the world, it is far away from the
world's centers of conflict and relatively safe.
People in such kind of environment are c
onsidering a series of issues different from
other countries, such as the problems of
idealism. Many ideal things in underdeveloped
countries have become reality in Canada.
On the contrary to Canada, China is in the
centre of world conflicts. China is in the
difficult process of moving from traditional
society, the ancient tradition of civilization to
modern civilization, and modern state. In the
past 150 years, we have experienced
numerous civil wars and civil strifes, as well
as external aggressions and threats. China
is in the geographical center of the world stage.
We have many internal issues, such as
ethnic minorities separatist forces,
pro-independence forces in Taiwan, industrial
restructuring, unemployment, widening gap
between rich and poor, the low level of social
welfare, the rule of law is incomplete, social
values system is rebuilding, etc. Also external
issues, southern Tibet, the East China Sea
islands, the disputes in the South China Sea
islands with India, Japan, Vietnam, the
Philippines and other countries. In a word,
China does not enjoy a security situation
as Canada.
On the basis of the above, the situation
in the two countries is entirely different,
that’s why the two sides have different
policies on many issues. Such as human
rights, Lai Changxing smuggling group case,
Falun Gong, foreign policy and military policy
issues. Each country on the above views is
inconsistent. I can only give an objective
description on some issues, instead of giving
a non-evaluation. Even it is hard for me to
give an objective description.
3. China's Foreign Policy and Military Policy
Canada and other countries want China to
assume the responsibility of world powers,
while China still has not completely recovered
from the shadow of past history due to its own
painful experience. Maybe the west countries
have too high expectations for China and
cannot understand our policy. For example,
the rapid development of China's national
defense and military capabilities, building a
strong navy is the obvious example, which
is caused by the history disaster and reality
plight. China would like to be the same as
Canada's military spending as little as
possible. Unfortunately we have such
a desire, but not such an environment.
The fundamental purpose of China's
national defense is homeland security,
rather than external expansion.
4. Analyses of the Obstacles to
Sino-Canadian Relations
Differences in social values – take Doctor
Bethune as an example,
The differences between open society
and a half-open society (semi-traditional
society), take human rights as an example
- the case of Lai Changxing, protest China's
leaders,
5. Solutions
The search for common interests and
demands (the reality, the future), from the
field of economic exchanges to expand to
other social fields, such as the European
Union, the Sino-US relations.
加拿大在世界边缘地带、偏安一方。加拿
大对世界的意义在政治军事上属于“后发
制人”，世界舞台的主角们疲惫不堪时，
加拿大才上场担任主要角色，保守被动是
特征。世界边缘地带的国家命中注定要最
后出来收拾局面。希腊世界的马其顿、英
国、美国都曾经是文明的边缘国家。加拿
大应该知道自己所承担的历史使命。
中国处于世界利益交汇之地、是非之地。人口众多，
各种自然资源和社会资源相对贫乏，中国周边国家
都是雄心勃勃的国家，俄罗斯、日本、印度、甚至
越南，还有美国远道而来加入其中一方，中国长期
处于紧张和消耗中。
两国的安全状态
加拿大两百多年没有内部战争，是个成熟的现代文
明国家，资源丰富，人口较少，地处世界边缘，远
离世界冲突中心，相对比较安全。这种生活状态下
考虑的是一些发达社会的问题、理想主义的问题。
许多在落后国家属于理想的事情已在加拿大变成了
现实。
中国处于世界利益交汇之地、是非之地。中国正从传
统社会、古老传统文明向现代文明、现代国家的艰难
转型过程中，在一百五十多年里，我们经历了数不清
的内战和内乱，以及外部侵略和威胁。地理上中国处
于世界舞台中心地区，内部有少数民族分裂势力、台
独势力、产业调整、失业、贫富差距加大、社会福利
水平低、法制不全、社会价值观念体系正在重建等麻
烦，外部有西藏南部、东海岛屿、南海岛屿与印度、
日本、越南、菲律宾等国之争端，国家安全状况不如
加拿大。
这两个情况完全不同的国家进行交往必然让双方都感
到不太适应。比如人权、赖昌星案件、法轮功、外交
政策和军事政策问题，两国看法都不一致。有些问题
我只能给予客观描述，没有能力给予是非评价。有时
客观描述都很难做到。
三、中国的外交政策和军事政策
加拿大等国希望中国承担起世界大国的责任，而中国因
自身痛苦的经历却还没有完全从过去历史的苦难阴影中
走出来。可能对我们的期望过高了。比如中国快速发展
国防军事能力，建设强大海军就是明显的例子，那是历
史灾难和现实困境逼迫所致，中国很想成为像加拿大一
样的军费开支尽可能少的国家，但有这样的愿望却没有
这样的环境。中国的国防目的根本上还是本土安全，而
非对外扩张。
四、中加关系的障碍分析
社会价值观的差异——以白求恩为例，
开放社会与正在开放社会（半传统社会）的差异――以
人权为例――赖昌星案件，抗议中国领导人等
五、解决途径
交往途径：寻求共同的利益和需要（现实的、未来
的），从经济交往领域扩大到其他社会领域，像欧
盟、像中美关系等等。
