新疆医科大学硕士学位论文新疆某肿瘤专科医院纵向一体化战略研究姓名：刘治东申请学位级别：硕士专业：社会医学与卫生事业管理指导教师：白靖平2010-04
햪†튪?탂붮쒳훗쇶뿆튽풺ퟝ쿲튻쳥뮯햽싔퇐뺿 퇐뺿짺ꎺ쇵훎뚫 떼쪦ꎺ냗뺸욽 뷌쫚 햪 튪 쒿뗄ꎺ쯦ퟅ컒맺튽쇆쳥훆룄룯뗄뷸튻늽짮죫뫍튽쇆럾컱쫐뎡뗄뾪럅ꎬ튽풺붫뒦폚룼볓뢴퓓뛠뇤뗄뺭볃ꆢ짧믡ꆢ헾훎ꆢ뿆벼ꆢ램싉쓋훁싗샭뮷뺳횮훐ꎬ튽풺풭폐뗄뺭퇩맜샭쒣쪽틑늻쓜쫊펦쒿잰뮷뺳뗄뿬쯙뇤뮯ꆣ놾컄틔탂붮쒳훗쇶튽풺캪룶낸,퓚뛔웤ퟝ쿲튻쳥뮯햽싔뺭펪뗄쪵횤럖컶폫돉릦뺭퇩맩쓉뗄믹뒡짏,쳡돶쇋룶낸듸살뗄죴룉웴쪾,늢뛔훗쇶뿆튽풺뾪햹ퟝ쿲튻쳥뮯햽싔뺭펪릤ퟷ쳡릩튻킩닎뾼ꆣ랽램ꎺ1.닉폃컄쿗맩쓉램뛔폐맘탂붮쒳훗쇶뿆튽풺뗄췢늿뮷뺳ꎬ늢뷸탐맩쓉폫ퟜ뷡ꎬ캪뿎쳢퇐뺿쳡릩샭싛믹뒡ꆣ2.춨맽SWOT럖컶램살럖컶탂붮쒳훗쇶뿆튽풺춬샠뺺헹쫐뎡뗄뺺헹폅쫆ꆢ쇓쫆ꆢ믺믡뫍췾킲ꆣ3.컊뻭뗷닩ꎺ훷튪쫇뛔“맘낮얮탔붡뾵탂붮탐”톲믘틥헯붡뾵횪쪶탻뷌믮뚯뗄죋좺뫍닎볓뗚쪮뻅뷬좫맺훗쇶튽풺맜샭톧쫵퇐쳖믡뗄58쏻듺뇭뷸탐쇋컊뻭뗷닩ꆣ4.ퟛ뫏횸쫽움볛램ꎺ훷튪쫇뛔2007-2009쓪탂붮쒳훗쇶뿆튽풺뗄풺쓚헯훎릤ퟷ횸뇪뷸탐움볛ꆣ뷡맻ꎺ1.탂붮쒳훗쇶뿆튽풺뗄럾컱뛔쿳돊퓶뎤쟷쫆ꎬ럾컱뛔쿳쿻럑쓜솦퓶잿ꎬ럾컱쇬폲뫍닣듎붫삩듳뫍퓶복ꎻ2. 탂붮쒳훗쇶뿆튽풺퓚뿆욷없ꆢ훗쇶톧뿆훖샠벰튽쇆쮮욽ꆢ훗쇶뿆죋닅쫽솿뗈랽쏦뻟폐쿔훸폅쫆ꎬ떫퓚돉놾뿘훆ꆢ훗쇶훘뗣톧뿆벼쫵붨짨ꆢ좱랦폐킧뗄벤샸믺훆폫뾹럧쿕쓜솦랽쏦뒦폚쇓쫆ꆣ3.믹폚ퟝ쿲튻쳥뮯햽싔뗄튽풺튵컱쪵쪩닺짺솼뫃뗄킧맻ꆣ4.탂붮쒳훗쇶뿆튽풺쪵쪩ퟝ쿲튻쳥뮯햽싔듦퓚훐룟벶튵벼쫵죋풱퇏훘늻ퟣꆢ뷌톧뫍뿆퇐풴샻폃늻ퟣ뫍돉놾뿘훆늻샭쿫뗈헏낭ꆣ뷡싛ꎺ싛컄죏캪ퟝ쿲튻쳥뮯햽싔뿉틔쪹탂붮쒳훗쇶뿆튽풺퓚탐튵뺺헹훐뒦폚뷏잿뺺헹뗘캻ꎬ쪹튽풺돤럖랢믓폅쫆ꎬ뇜쏢쇓쫆ꎬ힡훗쇶튽쇆쫐뎡늻뛏삩듳뗄웵믺ꎬ쪵쿖튽풺뿉돖탸솼탔랢햹ꆣ춬쪱ꎬ뛔샠쯆웤쯻튽풺랢햹뻟폐튻뚨뗄닎뾼볛횵뫍뷨본ퟷ폃ꆣ 맘볼듊ꎺퟝ쿲튻쳥뮯ꎻSWOTꎻ햽싔퇐뺿 ꆪ1ꆪ
탂붮튽뿆듳톧튽톧쮶쪿톧캻싛컄?Vertical integration of a strategic research of a Tumor Hospital in Xinjiang Postgraduate: Liu Zhidong Supervisor:Prof. Bai Jingping AbstractPurpose: With the further deepening of China's medical system and medical services market opening, the hospital will be in a more complex economic, social, political, technological, legal, and ethical environment. The original experience of the hospital management can not meet the current environment of rapid change. This paper will take a cancer hospital of Xinjiang as a case, and raises a number of Enlightenment brought on the basis of vertical integration in its empirical analysis of strategic business and the success of experience induction. And provide some reference to Cancer Hospital to help it to carry out vertical integration strategy. Methods: 1. Using inductive method of the relevant literature of Xinjiang Tumor Hospital's external environment and summing it up, there will provide a theoretical basis for the . Analyzing a Tumor Hospital of Xinjiang's competitive competition in the market strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats by SWOT questionnaire survey: the main purpose is to making a questionnaire survey for the "Xinjiang Line of caring for women's health ",with the objects of the people of roving medical consultations health knowledge-cum-missionary activities ,and 58 representatives of the participants of the 19th session of the National Cancer Hospital Management . Composite index evaluation method: the main meaning is to evaluate the indicators of hospital treatment in Xinjiang Tumor Hospital from the year of 2007 to the year of 2009 .Results: 1. There is an increasing trend on service objects, an increased spending power of clients, and a expanding level on service areas in a cancer specialist . A cancer specialist hospitals in Xinjiang has a significant advantage in the specialty brands and types of cancer subjects , medical level, the number of cancer specialists and other professionals , but in terms of cost control, technology, construction of key disciplines tumor, it is at a disadvantage with the lack of effective incentive mechanism and risk-resistance capability .3. Producing good results of implementation of the hospital business on the base of vertical integration . With the process of the implementation of the strategy of vertical integration in a Xinjiang Tumor Hospital , there is a serious shortage of senior professional and technical personnel, and an undesirable obstacles of teaching and research resources underutilized, ꆪ2ꆪ
䅢獴牡捴?unsatisfactory control of cost .Conclusion: the vertical integration strategy can make the Tumor Hospital in Xinjiang in a stronger competitive position in the industry, and enable the hospital to give full play to its advantages and avoid disadvantages, seizing the opportunity of the expanding of the tumor growing health care market, and achieve the sound sustainable development of hospitals . Meanwhile, it will provide a reference value and reference to the similar development in other hospitals . Key words: vertical integration; SWOT; strategic research ꆪ3ꆪ
싛컄뛀뒴탔쮵쏷?놾죋짪쏷쯹돊붻뗄톧캻싛컄쫇퓚컒룶죋퓚떼쪦뗄횸떼쿂뷸탐뗄퇐뺿릤ퟷ벰좡뗃뗄퇐뺿돉맻ꆣ뺡컒쯹횪ꎬ돽쇋컄훐쳘뇰볓틔뇪힢뫍훂킻뗄뗘랽췢ꎬ싛컄훐늻냼몬웤쯻죋틑뺭랢뇭믲킴맽뗄퇐뺿돉맻ꆣ폫컒튻춬릤ퟷ뗄춬횾뛔놾퇐뺿쯹ퟶ뗄죎뫎릱쿗뻹틑퓚싛컄훐ퟷ쇋쏷좷뗄쮵쏷늢뇭쪾쇋킻틢ꆣ??톧캻싛컄ퟷ헟잩쏻ꎺ††††††††?††?잩ퟖ죕웚ꎺ†††††?떼쪦잩쏻ꎺ††††††††††††?††?잩ퟖ죕웚ꎺ††††† 맘폚싛컄쪹폃쫚좨뗄쮵쏷?†놾죋췪좫쇋뷢톧킣맘폚놣쇴ꆢ쪹폃톧캻싛컄뗄룷쿮맦뚨ꎬ†††?ꎨ톡퓱ꆰ춬틢?늻춬틢ꆱꎩ틔쿂쫂쿮ꎺ?††ㄮ톧킣폐좨놣쇴놾싛컄뗄뢴펡볾뫍듅엌ꎬ퓊탭싛컄놻닩퓄뫍뷨퓄ꎬ뿉틔닉폃펰펡ꆢ쯵펡믲즨쏨뗈뢴훆쫖뛎놣듦ꆢ믣뇠톧캻싛컄ꎻ?††㈮톧킣폐좨붫놾죋뗄톧캻싛컄쳡붻훁쟥뮪듳톧ꆰ훐맺톧쫵웚뾯?맢엌냦?뗧ퟓ퓓횾짧ꆱ폃폚돶냦뫍뇠죫䍎䭉ꆶ훐맺횪쪶풴ퟜ뿢ꆷ믲웤쯻춬샠쫽뻝뿢ꎬ뒫능놾톧캻싛컄뗄좫늿믲늿럖쓚죝ꆣ??톧캻싛컄ퟷ헟잩쏻ꎺ††††††††?††?잩ퟖ죕웚ꎺ†††††?떼쪦잩쏻ꎺ††††††††††††?††?잩ퟖ죕웚ꎺ†††††
탂붮튽뿆듳톧튽톧쮶쪿톧캻싛컄?잰 퇔1ꎮ퇐뺿놳뺰 쯦ퟅ컒맺튽쇆쳥훆룄룯뗄뷸튻늽짮죫뫍튽쇆럾컱쫐뎡뗄뾪럅ꎬ튽풺붫뒦폚룼볓뢴퓓뛠뇤뗄뺭볃ꆢ짧믡ꆢ헾훎ꆢ뿆벼ꆢ램싉쓋훁싗샭뮷뺳횮훐ꎬ튽풺풭폐뗄뺭퇩맜샭쒣쪽틑늻쓜쫊펦쒿잰뮷뺳뗄뿬쯙뇤뮯ꆣ튽풺튪짺듦뫍랢햹ꎬ뇘탫뛔웤ퟔ짭뗄폅쫆폫쇓쫆ꆢ쏦쇙뗄믺폶폫쳴햽폐좫쏦쟥탑뗄죏쪶폫냑컕ꎬ뇘탫퓋폃햽싔맜샭뗄쮼쿫뺭펪맜샭튽풺[1][2]ꆣ틲듋ꎬ죧뫎짨볆ꆢ톡퓱ꆢ쪵쪩잡떱뗄뺺헹폫랢햹햽싔ꎬ틔펮뗃뺺헹폅쫆ꎬ좡뗃룼뎤풶뗄솼탔랢햹ꎬ쫇탂붮쒳훗쇶뿆튽풺탨튪웈쟐뷢뻶뗄컊쳢ꆣퟷ캪튻훖훘튪뗄랢햹햽싔ꎬퟝ쿲튻쳥뮯뛔폚탂붮쒳훗쇶뿆튽풺뻟폐훘튪닎뾼볛횵ꆣ ퟝ쿲튻쳥뮯ꎨvertical integration . VIꎩ폖뷐뒹횱튻쳥뮯ꎬ횸웳튵붫짺닺폫풭쇏릩펦ꎬ믲헟짺닺폫닺욷쿺쫛솪뫏퓚튻웰뗄햽싔탎쪽ꎬ쫇웳튵퓚솽룶뿉쓜뗄랽쿲짏삩햹쿖폐뺭펪튵컱뗄튻훖랢햹햽싔ꎬ쫇붫릫쮾뗄뺭펪믮뚯쿲뫳삩햹떽풭닄쇏릩펦믲쿲잰삩햹떽쿺쫛훕뛋뗄튻훖햽싔쳥쾵ꆣ냼삨뫳쿲튻쳥뮯햽싔뫍잰쿲튻쳥뮯햽싔ꎬ튲뻍쫇붫뺭펪쇬폲쿲짮뛈랢햹뗄햽싔ꆣ잰쿲튻쳥뮯햽싔쫇웳튵ퟔ탐뛔놾릫쮾닺욷ퟶ뷸튻늽짮볓릤ꎬ믲헟풴뷸탐ퟛ뫏샻폃ꎬ믲릫쮾붨솢ퟔ벺뗄쿺쫛ퟩ횯살쿺쫛놾릫쮾뗄닺욷믲럾컱ꎻ뫳쿲튻쳥뮯퓲쫇웳튵ퟔ벺릩펦짺닺쿖폐닺욷믲럾컱쯹탨튪뗄좫늿믲늿럖풭닄쇏믲냫돉욷뗈ꆣퟝ쿲튻쳥뮯뗄쒿뗄ꎺ쫇캪볓잿뫋탄웳튵뛔풭닄쇏릩펦ꆢ닺욷훆퓬ꆢ럖쿺뫍쿺쫛좫맽돌뗄뿘훆ꎬ쪹웳튵쓜퓚쫐뎡뺺헹훐헆컕훷뚯ꎬ듓뛸듯떽퓶볓룷룶튵컱믮뚯뷗뛎뗄샻죳ꆣ춬쪱붫풭놾평쫐뎡훎샭뗄붻틗맘쾵쓚늿뮯캪웳튵훎샭뗄맽돌ꆣ 튻룶탐튵쓜럱톡퓱ퟝ쿲튻쳥뮯햽싔ꎬ맘볼좡뻶폚탐튵쯹뒦뗄뮷뺳벰ퟔ짭뗄쳘뗣ꆣ뷼벸쪮쓪살ꎬ쯦ퟅ짧믡뺭볃뗄랢햹ꎬ짺믮쒣쪽뗄룄뇤뫍죋뿚샏쇤뮯ꎬ뛱탔훗쇶뮼늡싊돊쿖돶쫀뷧탔뗄짏짽쟷쫆ꎬ죋쏇뛔풤럀ꆢ퓧헯퓧훎ꆢ돶풺뾵뢴뫍맃쾢맘뮳럾컱뗄뫴짹풽살풽룟ꎬ쯹틔믹폚훗쇶뿆튽풺뫋탄튵컱쫇훗쇶튽쇆럾컱ꎬ뻶뚨쇋훗쇶뿆튽풺럾컱뗄ퟝ쿲솴쳵펦ퟱ톭훗쇶뗄랢짺뫍랢햹뗄튽톧싟벭ꎬ뷧뚨캪평풤럀뫍퓧웚헯뛏ꆢ훎쇆잰헯뛏폫훎쇆ꆢ훎쇆뫳뾵뢴ꆢ쇙훕맘뮳죽듳럾컱뮷뷚릹돉뗄ퟝ쿲솴쳵[3]ꆣ 훗쇶뿆튽풺ퟝ쿲튻쳥뮯쫇듓맜샭톧뗄뷇뛈돶랢ꎬ뷡뫏훗쇶벲늡랢짺뫍랢햹뗄튽톧맦싉ꎬ쳡돶뗄튻훖튽풺뺭펪쒣쪽ꎻ쯼냼삨잰쿲튻쳥뮯——훗쇶ꋲ벶풤럀ꆢ튻쳥뮯뫋탄——풺쓚헯훎뫍뫳쿲튻쳥뮯——맃쾢맘뮳럾컱죽룶뮷뷚ꆣ룹뻝웤쪵쪩뗘뗣뿉럖캪풺쓚뫍풺췢솽늿럖ꆣ풺쓚ퟝ쿲튻쳥뮯훷튪쫇쳡릩훗쇶ꋲ벶풤럀+풺쓚헯훎+맃쾢맘뮳럾컱캪튻쳥뗄튽쇆럾컱ꆣ풺췢ퟝ쿲튻쳥뮯쫇틔훗쇶벲늡뗄튽쇆럾컱캪믹뒡ꎬ좷뚨튽풺ퟝ쿲튻쳥뮯햽싔뗄잰쿲뫍뫳쿲뫏ퟷ믯냩ꎬ폫웤탎돉샻틦릲쿭ꆢ럧쿕릲떣뗄쮫ꆪ4ꆪ
잰†퇔?펮맘쾵ꎨ냼삨폫믹닣튽풺릲쿭쫐뎡믺믡ꆢ붨솢튵컱횸떼ꆢ헯ꆢ뷸탞엠퇸벰뫏ퟷ뿆퇐쿮쒿뗈ꎩꆣ 2ꎮ퇐뺿쒿뗄뫍틢틥 튽풺튪쟳뗃짺듦폫랢햹ꎬ뻍뇘탫틽죫햽싔맜샭뗄쮼쿫ꎬퟝ짮뗘ꆢ좫쏦뗘쮼뾼튽풺뺭펪맜샭햽싔탔ꆢ뎤풶탔뗄컊쳢ꆣ쫂쪵짏ꎬ웤쯻맺볒틔벰컒맺뗄웤쯻튽풺뚼틑뺭뛔웤랢햹쒣쪽ퟶ쇋늻짙뗄뎢쫔ꎬ웤훐늻랦튻킩쿈뷸뗄ꆢ뿉틔뷨본뗄쒣쪽ꆣ떫늻뿉럱죏뗄쫇ꎬ늻춬뗄뮷뺳쿂ꆢ늻춬뗄쓚늿쳵볾ꆢ늻춬뗄쪱믺뚼펦룃폐늻춬뗄톡퓱[4]ꆣ믹폚듋ꎬ놾싛컄횼퓚춨맽뛔탂붮훗쇶뿆튽풺쏦쇙뗄뻟쳥쓚췢뮷뺳럖컶ꎬ늢퓋폃SWOT럖컶랽램쾵춳뗘럖컶튽풺쏦쇙뗄믺믡뫍췾킲ꆢ폅쫆뫍쇓쫆ꎬ듓뛸좷뚨탂붮쒳훗쇶뿆튽풺ퟝ쿲튻쳥뮯뗄랢햹쒣쪽뫍랢햹햽싔ꎬ헦헽ퟶ떽뫏샭맦뮮ꆢ듓죝랢햹ꆣ듓쇭튻룶뷇뛈붲ꎬ튲쾣췻벮듋뿉틔쪹풴럖엤룼뫏샭ꎬ룼폐샻폚싺ퟣ맣듳죋쏱뛔쳘쫢튽쇆럾컱뗄탨쟳ꆣퟮ뫳ꎬ튲웚췻뛔춬샠튽풺햽싔맜샭뗄퇐뺿웰떽엗틽폱뗄ퟷ폃ꆣ 캪쇋쳡룟뛔ퟝ쿲튻쳥뮯햽싔쫊펦맽돌뗄믹놾죏쪶ꎬ첽쯷훗쇶뿆튽풺룼폐킧뗘샻폃맺볒튽쇆컀짺헾닟뫍램맦뗄튻킩랽램ꆣ룹뻝맺쓚췢쿠맘퇐뺿뷡뫏탂붮쒳훗쇶튽풺뗄쪵볊쟩뿶ꎬ춨맽햽싔쒣탍ꎬ죏쪶ퟝ쿲튻쳥뮯햽싔뗄탨튪ꎬ죏쪶쪵쪩ퟝ쿲튻쳥뮯뗄쓜솦뫍맜샭ퟝ쿲튻쳥뮯뗄맽돌ꎬ훷튪틔믹폚ퟝ쿲튻쳥뮯햽싔뺭펪뗄뻙듫캪훷튪퇐뺿뛔쿳ꎬ퇐뺿웤ퟝ쿲튻쳥뮯햽싔쪵쪩킧맻ꆣ 싛컄닉폃샭싛럖컶폫쪵횤럖컶뷡뫏ꆢ뇈뷏럖컶폫뗷닩톯쿠뷡뫏뗄랽램ꆣ퓚킴ퟷ뗄맽돌훐ꎬ뇊헟쫗쿈듳솿닩퓄늢럖컶쇋맺쓚췢폐맘햽싔맜샭랽쏦뗄싛훸뫍튽풺맜샭뗄튵컄쿗쇏ꎬ춬쪱뷡뫍튽쇆컀짺탐튵폐맘튵횪쪶ꎬ듓뛸캪놾컄쳡릩쇋샭싛짏뗄뿉탐탔횧돖ꆣ웤듎ꎬ뇊헟퓚퇐뺿맽돌훐뮹춨맽뛔탂붮쒳훗쇶뿆튽풺뗄룟훐닣맜샭헟ꆢ튽뮤죋풱벰웤쿠맘죋풱뷸탐컊뻭뗷닩ꆢ럃첸ꆢ톯ꎬ룼뷸튻늽퓶잿쇋놾컄퇐뺿쓚죝뗄뿆톧탔ꆢ쾵춳탔뫍ퟝ쿲튻쳥뮯햽싔뛔닟쪵쪩뗄뿉닙ퟷ탔ꆣ ꆪ5ꆪ
탂붮튽뿆듳톧튽톧쮶쪿톧캻싛컄?쇏폫랽램1ꎮ퇐뺿뛔쿳 퇐뺿튽풺 탂붮쒳훗쇶뿆튽풺 퇐뺿죋좺 닎볓“맘낮얮탔붡뾵탂붮탐”톲믘틥헯붡뾵횪쪶탻뷌믮뚯뗄30827죋ꎬ닎볓뗚쪮뻅뷬좫맺훗쇶튽풺맜샭톧쫵퇐쳖믡뗄58쏻듺뇭ꎬ 2ꎮ퇐뺿쓚죝 탂붮쒳훗쇶뿆튽풺쯹뒦뗄쓚췢늿뮷뺳ꎻ58쏻튽풺맜샭헟뛔ퟝ쿲튻쳥뮯퓋펪쒣쪽뗄움볛ꎻ“맘낮얮탔붡뾵탂붮탐”톲믘틥헯붡뾵횪쪶탻뷌믮뚯뫍쓾퇸럾컱뗄킧맻움볛ꎻ뢾뿆ꆢ죩쿙췢뿆뫍쓾퇸풺2007쓪훁2009쓪튵컱솿횸뇪쫽뻝뚯첬뇤뮯쟩뿶ꆣ 3ꎮ퇐뺿랽램 컄쿗맩쓉램 퓚놾킣춼쫩망ꆢ톧풺쇏쫒믲춨맽훐맺횪췸ꆢ훐컄캬웕뗈췸햾닩퓄폐맘탂붮쒳훗쇶뿆튽풺뗄췢늿뮷뺳ꎬ늢뷸탐맩쓉폫ퟜ뷡ꎬ캪뿎쳢퇐뺿쳡릩샭싛믹뒡ꆣ SWOT럖컶램 럖컶탂붮쒳훗쇶뿆튽풺춬샠뺺헹쫐뎡뗄뺺헹폅쫆ꆢ쇓쫆ꆢ믺믡뫍췾킲ꆣ 컊뻭뗷닩 훷튪쫇뛔“맘낮얮탔붡뾵탂붮탐”톲믘틥헯붡뾵횪쪶탻뷌믮뚯뗄죋좺뫍닎볓뗚쪮뻅뷬좫맺훗쇶튽풺맜샭톧쫵퇐쳖믡뗄58쏻듺뇭뷸탐쇋컊뻭뗷닩ꆣ ퟛ뫏횸쫽움볛램 훷튪쫇뛔2007-2009쓪탂붮쒳훗쇶뿆튽풺뗄풺쓚헯훎릤ퟷ횸뇪뷸탐움볛ꆣ 쫽뻝뒦샭 퓋폃Excel2003죭볾뛔쫽뻝뷸탐뒦샭ꎬ춳볆럖컶닉폃뚯첬쫽쇐램ꆢퟛ뫏횸쫽움볛램뛔쫽뻝뷸탐럖컶ꆣ 4ꎮ훊솿뿘훆 쫽뻝살풴 쯹폐쫽뻝뻹살ퟔ맺볒좨췾믺릹뫍탂붮쒳훗쇶뿆튽풺퓚쿠맘랽쏦뗄훷맜뿆쫒ꎬ쫽뻝살풴ꎬ헦쪵뿉뾿ꆣ 컊뻭짨볆 춨맽닩퓄쿠맘컄쿗ꆢ뢴쾰탂붮쒳훗쇶뿆튽풺볈췹ퟝ쿲튻쳥뮯쿠맘튽쇆럾컱뗄뾪햹쟩뿶틔벰폫뎤웚듓쫂쿠맘튽쇆럾컱뗄컀짺죋풱첽쳖ꎬ퓚튻쳥뮯맜샭쿮쒿뗄놳뺰ꆪ6ꆪ
쇏폫랽램?뿲볜쿂ꎬ헫뛔떱잰?탨쇋뷢뗄뾪햹쟩뿶ꆢ뾪햹킧맻벰펰쿬틲쯘ꎬ짨볆돶뇈뷏좫쏦뗄럃첸컊뻭ꆣ컊뻭뺭맽볒뗄짳뫋ꆢ탞룄ꎬ놣횤쇋컊뻭뗄훊솿:퓚헽쪽뗷닩잰ꎬ춨맽뛔20쏻훗쇶튽풺탐헾뫍쇙뒲뿆쫒맜샭헟뗄풤뗷닩ꎬ놣횤쇋컊뻭뗄뿉탐탔뫍쪵폃탔ꆣ 뗷닩풱엠통 뗷닩릤ퟷ평놾죋뫍뻟폐럡뢻쿖뎡뗷닩뺭퇩뗄뮤쪿살췪돉ꎬ평폚릤ퟷ짏뗄솪쾵ꎬ틗폚좡뗃놻뗷닩헟뗄엤뫏ꎬ뿉틔믱뗃뇈뷏헦쪵뗄믘듰ꆣ퓚뗷닩잰ꎬ뛔뗷닩풱뷸탐쇋뇘튪뗄엠통ꎬ냼삨뗷닩쒿뗄ꆢ뗷닩훷튪쓚죝뫍컊뻭쳮킴힢틢쫂쿮ꆣ ꆪ7ꆪ
탂붮튽뿆듳톧튽톧쮶쪿톧캻싛컄?뷡 맻1ꎮ튽풺췢늿뮷뺳럖컶 쎿룶ퟩ횯뚼쫇짺믮퓚튻뚨뗄뮷뺳훐ꎬ뮷뺳뗄뇤뮯횱뷓펰쿬ퟩ횯뗄짺듦ꎬ뛔ퟩ횯췢늿뮷뺳뗄퇐뺿럖컶쫇퇐뺿웤햽싔뇘늻뿉짙뗄[5]ꆣ탂붮쒳훗쇶뿆튽풺캪쇋좡뗃뺭펪뗄돉릦뫍뺺헹폅쫆ꎬ뇘탫쪹웤뺺헹폫랢햹햽싔쫊뫏쯹뒦뗄뮷뺳ꎬ믲헟춨맽햽싔톡퓱ꎬ헹좡탎돉뛔튽풺뺺헹폐샻뗄뮷뺳ꎬ헢쫇놾컄쫗쿈럖컶췢늿뮷뺳뗄훘튪풭틲ꆣ 췢늿뮷뺳쫇횸튽풺랶캧횮췢ꎬ폐쓜솦펰쿬튽풺뗄튻쟐틲쯘ꎬ쯼쫇튻훖늻뛏뇤뮯뗄뚯첬뮷뺳ꆣ샽죧ꎬ튽쇆럾컱뛔쿳탨쟳뗄뇤뮯ꆢ탂헾닟뗄냤늼ꆢ튽쇆쫐뎡뗄뇤뮯ꆢ탂벼쫵룯쏼듸살뗄럾컱맽돌뗄뇤뮯뗈ꆣ펰쿬튽풺뗄훷튪췢늿뮷뺳냼삨ꎺ헾닟ꆢ짧믡뫍컄뮯ꆢ뺭볃ꆢ벼쫵뗈쯄듳샠틲쯘[6]ꆣ 뺭볃펰쿬 헾닟펰쿬 튽풺 벼쫵펰쿬 짧믡뫍컄뮯펰쿬펰쿬튽풺췢늿뮷뺳뗄쯄듳틲쯘 헾닟뮷뺳럖컶 뷼쓪살ꎬ냩쯦ퟅ컒맺뺭볃쳥훆룄룯뗄늽랥ꎬ튽쇆컀짺햽쿟뗄룄룯햽쿟훰늽췆뷸뫍짮죫ꎬ튽풺뗄췢늿뮷뺳랢짺쇋뫜듳뇤뮯ꎬ헢훖뇤뮯룸튽풺듸살믺폶뗄춬쪱튲듸살쳴햽ꆣ 컀짺헾닟뗄뗷헻 2003쓪쒩컀짺늿냤늼쇋ꆶ훐맺납횢풤럀폫뿘훆맦뮮룙튪ꎨ2004-2010ꎩꆷꎬ쏷좷춻돶쇋틔“풤럀캪훷”뗄릤ퟷ랽헫ꎬꆶ룙튪ꆷ훐잿뗷튪뿘훆훷튪캣쿕틲쯘ꎬ쳘뇰쫇컼퇌ꆢ뿘훆룐좾ꆢ뎫떼뫏샭짅쪳뫍뿆톧퓋뚯ꎻ볓잿퓧헯퓧훎ꎬ퓚좫맺훰늽뾪햹리뺱납뗄즸닩뫍퓧헯퓧훎ꎻ퓚얩듥룟랢뗘쟸뗄룟캣죋좺훐ꎬ뾪햹쪳맜납ꆢ캸납ꆢ룎납벰뇇퇊납뗄즸닩벰퓧헯퓧훎ꎻ퓚폐쳵볾뗄돇헲짧쟸ꎬ뾪햹뷡횱뎦뫍죩쿙납뗄즸닩벰퓧헯퓧훎ꆣퟔ2005쓪ꎬ컀짺늿폐헽쪽웴뚯쇋훐퇫틆횧뢶납횢퓧헯퓧훎쿮쒿ꎬ퓚늿럖납횢룟랢ꆪ8ꆪ
뷡†맻?쿖뎡뾪햹ퟓ리뺱납ꆢ쪳맜납ꆢ룎납ꆢ듳뎦납뫍뇇퇊납퓧헯퓧훎뗄쪾랶릤ퟷꎻ2006쓪웰ꎬ틔납횢캪훘뗣뗄좫맺뗚죽듎쯀틲믘맋돩퇹뗷닩퓚컀짺늿뫍뿆벼늿뗄훷돖쿂뾪쪼쪵쪩ꎬ춨맽믘맋뗷닩ꎬ쏷좷쇋컒맺납횢쯀췶싊뫍쇷탐뇤뮯쟷쫆ꎬ캪납횢뗄럀뿘릤ퟷ뗬뚨쇋훘튪믹뒡ꆣ춬쪱ꎬ2006쓪맺볒뿆벼늿튲붫뎣볻뛱탔훗쇶뗄풤럀ꆢ퓧헯벰ퟛ뫏훎쇆쓉죫“쪮튻컥”맺볒뿆벼횧독볆뮮훘듳쿮쒿ꆣ폫듋춬쪱맃쾢훎쇆튲훰붥뗃떽듳볒뗄훘쫓ꎬ2002쓪7퓂1죕WHO랢뇭뗄퇐뺿놨룦쿔쪾ꎬ좫쟲납횢뗄랢늡싊뫍쯀췶싊뚼폐짏짽뗄쟷쫆,햼뻓쏱쯀틲뗄뗚튻캻믲뗚뛾캻;럎납ꆢ캸납ꆢ죩쿙납ꆢ뷡뎦납뗈8훖ퟮ뎣볻납횢훐폐5훖뫃랢폚랢햹훐맺볒,벴쪹쓜퓧웚헯뛏,튲횻폐3훖쓜훎폺,뛸뛔쯹폐8훖납횢뻹탨쪩탐맃쾢훎쇆[7]ꎬ춬쪱뫴폵룷맺헾뢮냑맃쾢훎쇆쇐죫맺볒튽쇆컀짺헾닟훐[8] [9]ꆣ쇭췢ꎬ퓚2006쓪뮪쪢뛙헙뾪뗄맺볊납횢듳믡짏ꎬ룷맺뗄볒쳡돶쇋튪냯훺룼뛠뗄맺볒붫횹춴벰맃쾢훎쇆ퟷ캪납횢뫍볒춥뮤샭뗄튻쿮훘튪쓚죝ꎬ캪납횢뮼헟벰웤쟗엳쳡릩룼뛠뗄믺믡쪹횮췪좫닎폫짧췅ꆢ뗘쟸뫍맺볒뗄뾹납믮뚯훐ꆣ 튽쇆놣쿕훆뛈룄룯 룹뻝컀짺늿2009쓪랢늼뗄춳볆쇏쿔쪾ꎬ컒맺틑뺭좫쏦웴뚯돇헲뻓쏱믹놾튽쇆놣쿕ꎬ좫맺돇헲횰릤뫍돇헲뻓쏱튽놣죋쫽듯떽틚죋ꎬ뇈2008쓪뗗탂퓶4478췲죋ꎻ뷘훁2009쓪9퓂뗗ꎬ좫맺뾪햹탂탍얩듥뫏ퟷ튽쇆뗄쿘(쫐ꆢ쟸)듯2716룶ꎬ닎볓탂얩뫏죋뿚틚죋ꎨ뇈짏쓪퓶볓1800췲죋ꎩꎬ닎뫏싊듯94%ꎻ좫맺탂얩뫏놾쓪뛈돯틑듯떽틚풪ꎬ웤훐ꎺ훐퇫닆헾늹훺뷰틚풪ꎬ햼%ꎻ뗘랽닆헾늹훺뷰틚풪ꎬ햼%ꎻ얩쏱룶죋뷉럑틚풪ꎬ햼%ꆣ닎뫏얩쏱뻍튽뺭볃뢺떣폐쯹복쟡ꎬ듙뷸쇋얩듥튽쇆컀짺럾컱샻폃뗄쳡룟ꎻ뛸쟒쯦ퟅ컒맺탂튽놣룄룯뗄짮죫ꎬ뫠쫜튽쇆놣쿕뗄죋뿚믡풽살풽뛠ꎬퟮ훕듯떽좫쏦좫쏱튽놣[10]ꆣ 짧믡컄뮯틲쯘럖컶 튽쇆컀짺럾컱폫죋쏱짺믮쾢쾢쿠맘ꆣ쯦ퟅ짧믡뗄랢햹ꎬ죋쏇짺듦뮷뺳뫍랽쪽뗄룄뇤ꎬ죋뿚뷡릹쳘헷뗈짧믡컄뮯틲쯘뛔튽풺뺭펪뗄펰쿬풽살풽듳ꆣ 붡뾵샭쓮뗄뇤뮯 퓚짧믡랢햹뗄맽돌훐ꎬ뷼듺튽톧쒣쪽뺭샺쇋죽룶훘튪뷗뛎ꎺ뗚튻뷗뛎ꎬ짺컯튽톧쒣쪽ꎨ1900쓪——1950쓪ꎩꎬ틔럀훎뒫좾늡캪짏ꎻ뗚뛾뷗뛎ꎬ짺컯——탄샭쒣쪽ꎨ1950쓪——20쫀볍쒩ꎩꎬ틔럀훎짭탄벲늡캪훷ꎬ뗚죽뷗뛎ꎬ짺컯——탄샭——짧믡튽톧쒣쪽ꎨ1980쓪훁뷱ꎩꎬ틔쳡룟죋뿚쯘훊캪훷ꎬ믽벫톰헒벲늡뗄풭틲ꎬ춬쪱힢훘탄샭뫍짧믡솽랽쏦틲쯘ꆣ컒맺쟩뿶튲듳훂죧듋ꎬ죋쏇뗄붡뾵샭쓮헽퓚평틔췹뗄폐횢ힴꆢ폐릦쓜헏낭닅쫇늻붡뾵ꎬ훰붥맽뛉떽탄샭ꆢ짺샭춬쪱붡뾵닅쫇붡뾵ꎬ풤럀뫍뾵뢴훰붥돉캪죋쏇뛔붡뾵뗄훷떼탨쟳ꎬ듓뛸뷸튻늽삩듳쇋뛔튽쇆뗄탨쟳ꆣ 죋뿚엲헍폫샏쇤뮯 룹뻝탂붮2005쓪좫맺1%죋뿚돩퇹뗷닩훷튪쫽뻝릫놨ꎬ탂붮쿖폐뎣힡죋뿚ꆪ9ꆪ
탂붮튽뿆듳톧튽톧쮶쪿톧캻싛컄?췲ꎬ돇헲죋뿚췲ꎬ햼ퟜ죋뿚%ꎬ쿧듥죋뿚췲ꎬ햼ퟜ죋뿚뗄%ꆣ폫2000쓪뗚컥듎좫맺죋뿚웕닩쿠뇈ꎬ탂붮죋뿚퓶볓쇋룶냙럖뗣ꎻ춬쪱룹뻝ꆶ훐맺돇쿧샏쓪죋뿚ힴ뿶ힷퟙ뗷닩ꆷ탂붮죋뿚샏쇤뮯틔ꎥ뗄쯙뛈뗝퓶ꎬ좫쟸샏쓪죋뿚쫽솿듯떽쇋187췲ꎬ샏쓪죋뿚햼탂붮죋뿚ퟜ솿뗄ꎥ[11]ꆣ룹뻝뫂쾣즽풺쪿훷돖뗄“뛱탔훗쇶쇷탐쟷쫆럖컶벰풤럀퇐뺿”뿎쳢뗃돶뗄뷡싛ꎬ죋뿚샏쇤뮯쫇뛱탔훗쇶랢늡싊짏짽뗄훷떼틲쯘ꆣ 뮷뺳틲쯘벰탐캪틲쯘 퇏훘뗄뮷뺳컛좾틔벰죕틦볓뻧뗄짧믡톹솦쪹죋쏇뗄붡뾵ힴ뿶쫜떽벫듳뗄췾킲ꆣ쯦ퟅ릤튵뮯뗄뷸햹ꎬ죋캪뗄뿕웸컛좾ꆢ쮮컛좾뗈뮷뺳컛좾풽랢퇏훘ꎬ뛸벤쇒뗄짧믡뺺헹뫍늻컈뚨뗄릤ퟷ뫍짺믮뮷뺳튲쪹뗃죋쏇뗄탄샭붡뾵쫜떽벫듳뗄췾킲ꎬ뒦폚탄샭늻붡뾵뫍퇇붡뾵뗄죋좺죕틦퓶뛠ꎬ틔짏풭틲떼훂뛱탔훗쇶랢늡싊짏짽ꎻ벺폐뗄퇐뺿뇭쏷ꎬ1/3훗쇶뗄랢짺폫컼퇌폐맘ꎬ1/3훗쇶뗄랢짺뿉쓜폫늻뫏샭뗄틻쪳폐맘[12]ꎬ쯤좻웤좷쟐뗄믺훆벰퓚늻춬훗쇶훐뗄훘튪탔폐듽뷸튻늽퇐뺿ꆣ웤폠뗄틲쯘짐폐룐좾ꆢ횰튵놩슶ꆢ뮷뺳컛좾뗈ꆣퟜ횮ꎬ듓늡틲톧뷇뛈붲ꎬ훗쇶훷튪쫇평뮷뺳틲쯘벰늻떱뗄짧믡탐캪쯹훂ꎬ쯹틔훗쇶폖쫇짧믡늡[13]ꆣ 뺭볃뮷뺳럖컶 뺭맽30뛠쓪뗄룄룯뫍랢햹ꎬ탂붮뗄뺭볃뿬쯙랢햹ꎬ뻓쏱쫕죫쿔훸퓶뎤ꎬ듸뚯쿻럑뷡릹뗄뇤뮯ꎬ헽뒦폚쿻럑늻뛏짽벶ꆢ뷡릹훰붥탍쪱웚ꆣ헢훖쿻럑탍횱뷓듙뷸쇋럾컱쿻럑뗄랢햹ꎬ폈웤쫇폫죋붡뾵쾢쾢쿠맘뗄튽쇆놣붡쿻럑뗄랢햹ꆣ뻝춳볆[14]ꎬ쯦ퟅ짺믮쮮욽뗄쳡룟ꎬ죋쏇뗄놣붡틢쪶폐쯹퓶잿ꎬ룷샠튽쇆놣붡웷닄벰튽쇆럾컱뾪쪼뷸죫뻓쏱볒춥ꎬ튽쇆놣붡횧돶돊훰쓪짏짽쟷쫆ꎨ뇭1ꎩꆣ ꆪ10ꆪ
뷡†맻?뇭1 2000-2007탂붮뻓쏱볒춥죋뻹튽쇆놣붡횧돶뚯첬뇤뮯 쿮쒿뷰뛮뻸뛔퓶뎤솿 랢햹쯙뛈ꎨ%ꎩ 퓶뎤쯙뛈ꎨ%ꎩ 쓪럝 ꎨ풪ꎩ 샛볆 훰쓪 뚨믹뇈 뮷뇈 뚨믹뇈 뮷뇈 2000 - - - - 2001 2002 돇헲뻓쏱볒춥죋뻹2003 튽쇆놣붡횧돶 2004 2005 2006 2007 2000 - - - - 2001 2002 얩듥뻓쏱볒춥죋뻹2003 튽쇆놣붡횧돶 2004 2005 2006 2007 21 떫쫇ꎬ쇭튻랽쏦“뾴늡맳”틑뺭쫇떱뷱훐맺웕춨샏냙탕놧풹ퟮ뛠뗄컊쳢ꆣ컀짺늿ퟩ횯뾪햹뗄뗚죽듎맺볒컀짺럾컱뗷닩뷡맻쿔쪾ꎬ좺훚폐늡쪱ꎬ폐%뗄펦뻍헯뛸늻좥뻍헯ꎬ폐%뗄죋펦힡풺뛸늻힡풺ꎬ컀짺늿ퟮ탂춳볆쫽ퟖ쿔쪾ꎬ컥쓪쓚좫맺튽풺뗄죋뻹럑폃헇럹룟듯10룶냙럖뗣ꆣ폐춳볆쫽ퟖ쿔쪾ꎬ쒿잰퓚얩듥ꎬ틲늡훂욶ꆢ틲늡략욶뗄죋뿚틑뺭햼떽욶삧죋뿚뗄풼50%ꎬ훚쯹훜횪ꎬ평폚뛱탔훗쇶늡죋뗄늡돌뎤ꆢ훎쇆뢴퓓ꎬ뎣맦훎쇆럑폃뇈웤쯻벲늡쿠뛔뷏룟,퓬돉쇋짧믡뫍볒춥퇏훘뗄뺭볃뢺떣[15]ꆣ 206샽탂붮쒳훗쇶뿆튽풺납횢늡죋쓪ퟜ뗄횱뷓뺭볃뢺떣캪4874093 풪ꎬ웤훐횱뷓훎쇆럑폃캪4613408 풪ꎬ햼%ꎻ쎿룶볒춥뗄욽뻹횱뷓뢺떣캪 풪ꎬ볤뷓럑폃훐붻춨럑캪81801풪ꎬ햼%ꎻ펪퇸럑캪84884 풪ꎬ햼%ꎻ웤쯻럑폃94000풪ꎬ햼%[16]ꆣ뷡맻볻뇭2ꆣ ꆪ11ꆪ
탂붮튽뿆듳톧튽톧쮶쪿톧캻싛컄?뇭2 2003쓪6퓂-9퓂탂붮쒳훗쇶뿆튽풺5훖뛱탔훗쇶늡죋ퟜ횱뷓뺭볃쯰쪧 힡풺럑 붻춨럑 펪퇸럑 웤쯻 늡훖 뷰뛮뇈샽 뷰뛮뇈샽뷰뛮 뷰뛮 뇈샽ꎨ풪ꎩ ꎨ%ꎩ ꎨ풪ꎩ ꎨ%ꎩ ꎨ풪ꎩ 뇈샽ꎨ%ꎩ ꎨ풪ꎩꎨ%ꎩ 럎납 1972425 32365 24714 43325 캸납 1066240 24879 10790 26090 룎납 564611 9278 5690 9880 죩쿙납 8 1 6 872 12373 29510 8655 횱뎦납 1 9 3 260 ?2906 ?14180 ?6050 뫏볆 4 6 13408 ?81801 ?84884 ?94000 벼쫵뮷뺳럖컶 벼쫵뮷뺳쫇횸튻룶맺볒뫍뗘쟸뗄벼쫵쮮욽ꆢ벼쫵헾닟ꆢ탂닺욷쿮쒿뾪랢쓜솦틔벰뿆톧벼쫵뗄랢햹쟷쫆뗈ꆣ 뛱탔훗쇶쇷탐쟷쫆 룹뻝맺볊납횢퇐뺿훐탄ꎨIARCꎩ놨룦[17]ꎺ좫쟲납횢탂랢늡샽캪1090췲ꎬ쯀췶늡샽캪670췲ꎬ쿖뮼늡샽캪2460췲ꆣ납횢랢늡죋쫽틔쓪뻹3%-5%뗄쯙뛈뗝퓶ꎬ랢늡벰쯀췶죋쫽폫10쓪잰쿠뇈럖뇰퓶뎤쇋%뫍%ꆣ풤볆떽2020 쓪 좫쟲붫폐2000췲납횢탂랢늡샽ꎬ쯀췶늡샽붫듯떽1200췲ꆣ컒맺퓚맽좥30쓪볤ꎬ납횢쯀췶싊돊쏷쿔짏짽쟷쫆ꎬ틑돉캪돇쿧뻓쏱뗄뗚튻캻쯀틲ꎬ욽뻹쎿4쏻쯀췶뗄훐맺죋훐ꎬ뻍폐1죋쯀폚납횢[18]ꆣ뻝2007쓪컀짺늿릫늼뗄ퟮ탂쫽뻝쿔쪾ꎬ2006쓪훐맺돇헲뫍얩듥뻓쏱쯀췶뗄쫗튪풭틲뻹캪뛱탔훗쇶ꎬ2007쓪폫2006쓪쿠뇈ꎬ쯀폚납횢뗄뇈샽짏짽쇋뷼2놶ꆣ웤훐쓐탔틔럎납ꆢ캸납ꆢ룎납ꆢ쪳맜납뗈캪뎣볻훗쇶ꎬ얮탔퓲틔죩쿙납ꆢ럎납ꆢ뷡뎦납ꆢ캸납뗈캻룟랢훗쇶[19]ꆣ 탂붮쒳훗쇶뿆튽풺힡풺늡죋쳘뗣 탂붮쒳훗쇶뿆튽풺캪탂붮캨튻튻쯹죽볗훗쇶뿆튽풺ꎬ럾컱냫뺶뢲룇좫붮틔벰훜뇟맺볒뗄늿럖쟸폲ꎬ웤늡훖릹돉뻟폐튻뚨뗄듺뇭탔ꆣ춨맽쫕벯헻샭2003쓪1퓂——2008쓪12퓂뗄쒳훗쇶뿆뛱탔훗쇶힡풺늡죋쇏ꎬ뛔늡죋뗄탔뇰ꆢ쏱ퟥ벰쓪쇤릹돉쳘뗣뷸탐쇋럖컶퇐뺿ꆣ 쇹쓪볤릲폐쓐탔늡샽10942샽ꎬ얮탔늡샽15644샽ꆣ캻뻓잰5캻뗄늡훖ꎺ쓐탔캪럎ꆢ캸ꆢ쪳맜ꆢ룎떨뫍뎦뛱탔훗쇶ꎬ릲볆10082샽ꎬ햼떽쓐탔늡샽ퟜ쫽뗄%ꎻ얮탔캪얮탔짺횳웷맙ꆢ죩랿ꆢ럎ꆢ뎦뫍룎떨뛱탔훗쇶ꎬ릲볆13693샽ꎬ햼떽얮탔늡샽ퟜ쫽뗄%ꆣ쇹쓪볤냋훖늡훖훐캸뛱탔훗쇶뗄쓐얮뇈샽ퟮ룟ꎬ듯떽ꎺ1ꎬ웤ꆪ12ꆪ
뷡†맻?듎쫇쪳맜ꆢ럎ꆢ룎떨뫍쇜냍뛱탔훗쇶ꎬ웤쓐얮뇈샽럖뇰캪ꎺ1ꆢꎺ1ꆢꎺ1ꆢꎺ1ꎨ볻뇭3ꎩꆣ 뇭3 2003쓪1퓂-2008쓪12퓂냋훖뛱탔훗쇶힡풺늡죋탔뇰럖늼 쓐 얮 훷튪늡훖 릹돉ퟜ샽릹돉뇈ꎨ뛱탔훗쇶ꎩ 샽쫽쮳릹돉쮳 뇈 쫽 ꎨ캻 샽쫽 뇈 ꎨ %ꎩ쮳캻 %ꎩ ꎨ%ꎩ캻 얮탔짺횳웷맙 - - - 6093 1 6093 1 죩랿 56 7 4620 2 4676 2 럎 3111 1 1361 3 4472 3 캸 2375 2 673 7 3048 4 룎떨 1720 4 757 5 2477 5 쪳맜 1724 3 703 6 2427 6 뎦 1152 5 862 4 2014 7 쇜냍납 804 6 575 8 1379 8 뫏볆 10942 100 15644 100 26586 100 탂붮쫇튻룶뛠쏱ퟥ뻛벯뗄뗘쟸ꎬ펵폐55룶쏱ퟥꎬ웤훐몺ꆢ캬컡뛻ꎨ틔쿂돆캬ꎩꆢ믘뫍맾죸뿋ퟥꎨ틔쿂돆맾ꎩ릲햼탂붮ퟜ죋뿚쫽뗄%[20]ꎬ틲듋놾컄뛔몺ꆢ캬ꆢ믘뫍맾쯄룶쏱ퟥ뷸탐쇋럖컶ꆣ쯄룶쏱ퟥ훐캻뻓잰5캻뗄늡훖럖뇰쫇ꎺ몺ퟥ캪럎ꆢ죩랿ꆢ얮탔짺횳웷맙ꆢ룎떨뫍캸뛱탔훗쇶ꎬ릲볆14805샽ꎬ햼룃쏱ퟥ늡샽쫽뗄%ꎻ캬ퟥ캪얮탔짺횳웷맙ꆢ쪳맜ꆢ죩랿ꆢ캸뫍럎뛱탔훗쇶ꎬ릲볆5441샽ꎬ햼룃쏱ퟥ늡샽쫽뗄%ꎻ믘ퟥ캪죩랿ꆢ룎떨ꆢ럎ꆢ캸뫍얮탔짺횳웷맙뛱탔훗쇶ꎬ릲볆451샽ꎬ햼룃쏱ퟥ늡샽쫽뗄%ꎻ맾ퟥ캪쪳맜ꆢ캸ꆢ얮탔짺횳웷맙ꆢ죩랿뫍럎뛱탔훗쇶ꎬ릲볆643샽ꎬ햼룃쏱ퟥ늡샽쫽뗄%ꎨ볻뇭4ꎩꆣ ꆪ13ꆪ
탂붮튽뿆듳톧튽톧쮶쪿톧캻싛컄?뇭4 2003쓪1퓂-2008쓪12퓂잰냋훖뛱탔훗쇶쏱ퟥ럖늼 훷튪늡훖몺ퟥ 캬컡뛻ퟥ 믘ퟥ 맾죸뿋ퟥ ꎨ뛱탔훗쇶ꎩ 샽쫽릹돉뇈 ꎨ%ꎩ 샽쫽릹돉뇈돉뇈 ꎨ 샽쫽릹 %ꎩ ꎨ%ꎩ 샽쫽릹돉뇈 ꎨ%ꎩ 럎 3954 356 77 66 죩랿 3596 797 144 110 얮탔짺횳웷맙 3087 2750 71 122 룎떨 2102 224 85 50 캸 2066 731 74 132 뎦 1660 284 35 29 쪳맜 1320 807 37 213 쇜냍 1029 262 29 31 뫏볆 18814 100 6211 100 552 100 753 100 쓪쇤럖늼웰쪼폚ꎼ19쯪ퟩꎬ쎿룶뷗뛎쓪쇤닮뚨캪10쯪ꎬퟮ뫳실퓚80쯪틔짏ꎬ릲볆8룶쓪쇤ퟩꆣ쇹쓪볤뛱탔훗쇶힡풺늡죋훐ꎬ60-69쯪ퟩ뛱탔훗쇶뮼헟ퟮ뛠ꎬ릲볆6690샽ꎬ릹돉뇈캪%ꎬ웤듎쫇50-59쯪ퟩ릲볆6125샽ꎬ릹돉뇈캪%ꎻ 40-49쯪ퟩ릲볆5144샽ꎬ릹돉뇈캪%ꎻ70-79쯪ퟩ릲볆5088샽ꎬ릹돉뇈캪%ꆣ헢쯄룶쓪쇤뛎릲볆23047샽ꎬ햼쇋ퟜ쫽뗄%ꆣ퓚웤쯻쓪쇤ퟩ쯹햼뇈훘뻹캪늻ퟣ10%ꎬ웤훐ꎼ19쯪ퟩퟮ짙ꎬ릹돉뇈캪%ꆣ 뇭 5 2003쓪1퓂-2008쓪12퓂냋훖뛱탔훗쇶훐뗄쓪쇤럖늼ꎨ떥캻ꎺ샽쫽ꎩ 훷튪늡훖 ꎨ뛱탔훗쇶ꎩ<19쯪20-2930-3940-4950-5960-6970-79 쯪 쯪 쯪 쯪 쯪 쯪ꡒ80쯪 뫏볆 얮탔짺횳웷맙 26 139 768 1640 1753 1290 419 57 6092 죩랿 0 34 616 1665 1221 761 331 48 4676 럎 1 3 146 426 748 1344 1497 306 4471 캸 1 15 105 331 595 952 873 176 3048 룎떨 24 23 145 416 625 652 505 87 2477 쪳맜 0 0 16 152 586 861 651 161 2427 뎦 6 31 133 283 375 523 547 118 2016 쇜냍납 74 98 137 231 222 307 265 45 1379 뫏볆 132 343 2066 5144 6125 6690 5088 998 26586 ꆪ14ꆪ
뷡†맻? 훎쇆뷡맻늻샖맛 퓚훐맺ꎬ쎿쓪풼폐160췲죋탂랢늡ꎬ130췲죋듽훎쇆ꎬ100췲죋쯀폚납횢[21]ꆣ쯤좻컒맺쎿쓪폃폚납횢훎쇆뗄횱뷓럑폃뷼잧틚풪ꎬ훗쇶뗄훎쇆쫖뛎튲뫜뛠ꎬ돽쇋햼춳훎뗘캻뗄뒫춳뗄죽듳훷솦랽램ꎬ벴쫖쫵ꆢ럅쇆ꆢ뮯쇆췢ꎬ뮹폐쏢틟쇆램ꆢ뷩죫훎쇆ꆢ죈쇆뗈ꆣ떫쫇퓚뛔웤훎쇆킧맻뷸탐쾵춳움볛쪱ꎬ랢쿖튻킩뎣볻뛱탔훗쇶뗄5쓪듦믮싊좴쎻폐룄짆ꎬ뺿웤풭틲훷튪쫇죋샠뛔폚훗쇶뗄늡틲뮹늻췪좫쟥돾ꎬ뛔훗쇶뢴퓓뗄짺컯톧탐캪죔좱랦ퟣ릻뗄죏쪶ꎬ늢쟒듳뛠쫽뛱탔훗쇶쇙뒲랢쿖쪱뛠캪췭웚ꎬ훎쇆킧맻늻뺡죋틢ꎨ볻뇭6ꎬ7ꎩꆣ 뇭6 20쫀볍70튻90쓪듺퇹놾뗘쟸훗쇶쯀췶싊(1/100000)뗄뇤뮯 1973-1975쓪 1990-1992쓪 70-90쓪듺뇤뮯ꎨ%ꎩ 훗쇶늿캻 쓐 얮 뫏볆 ?쓐 얮 뫏볆 ?쓐 얮 뫏볆 좫늿 캸 쪳맜 룎 럎 리뺱 뷡횱뎦 냗톪늡 뇇퇊 죩쿙 ? ? 힢ꎺ놾뇭햪ퟔ틽ퟔ훐뮪훗쇶퓓횾,1997,19(1):3-9ꆣ ꆪ15ꆪ
탂붮튽뿆듳톧튽톧쮶쪿톧캻싛컄?뇭7 20쫀볍70-90쓪듺퇹놾뗘쟸훗쇶뗷헻쯀췶싊(1/100000)뗄뇤뮯 훗쇶늿1973-1975쓪 1990-1992쓪 70-90쓪듺뇤뮯ꎨ%ꎩ 캻 쓐 얮 뫏볆 ?쓐 얮 뫏볆 ?쓐 얮 뫏볆 좫늿 캸 쪳맜 룎 럎 리뺱 0 0 0 -69 뷡횱뎦 냗톪늡 3 뇇퇊 죩쿙 0 ?0 ?0 힢ꎺ놾뇭햪ퟔ틽ퟔ훐뮪훗쇶퓓횾,1997,19(1):3-9ꆣ 2ꎮ탂붮쒳훗쇶뿆튽풺쓚늿쿖ힴ럖컶폫움볛 튻룶늻뛏뇤뮯ퟅ뗄췢늿뮷뺳룸쯹폐튽풺뚼듸살잱퓚뗄뿉틔샻폃뗄믺믡ꎬ뛸횻폐뒴퓬쇋쿠펦뗄쓚늿쳵볾뗄튽풺닅쓜릻폐킧뗄샻폃헢훖믺믡ꎬ헽쯹캽“믺폶훓쟩폚폐ힼ놸뗄춷쓔”ꆣ틲듋ꎬ튻쿮뿉탐뫍쿖쪵뗄튽풺햽싔볆뮮ꎬ늻뷶펦싺ퟣ튽풺췢늿뮷뺳믺믡뗄튪쟳ꎬ뮹펦싺ퟣ튽풺쓚늿풴뫍쓜솦뗄튪쟳ꆣ뛔튽풺뷸탐쓚늿뮷뺳럖컶뻍쫇튪춨맽뛔튽풺쓚늿풴ꆢ쳵볾뗈랽쏦뗄쾵춳움맀ꎬ헒돶튽풺뗄폅쫆폫쇓쫆ꎬ랢쿖펰쿬튽풺랢햹뗄맘볼탔햽싔튪쯘ꎬ퇯튻뎤뇜뛌ꎬ쪹폐쿞뗄풴뗃떽ퟮ폐킧뗄샻폃[22]ꆣ 튽풺놳뺰 탂붮쒳훗쇶튽풺89쓪돉솢횮돵ꎬ뻍놻뚨캻돉좫붮ퟮ듳뗄ꆢ벯튽쇆ꆢ뿆퇐ꆢ뷌톧ꆢ훗쇶럀훎ꆢ컀짺탅쾢뮯붨짨캪튻쳥뗄튽쇆믺릹ꎬ쫇좫쪡쫗엺훘뗣뿆퇐풺쯹ꎬ쫜떽헾뢮뗄듳솦횧돖ꎬ쯹틔쯼뗄쫐뎡뚨캻쪮럖쏷좷ꎬ뻍쫇훗쇶튵벲늡뗄튽쇆ꆢ뿆퇐ꆢ뷌톧ꆢ풤럀ꆢ뾵뢴뗈럇펪샻탔뗄뿆튽풺ꎬ웤쫐뎡쾸럖좺쳥쏦쿲좫쪡뗄훗쇶늡죋ꆣ퓚톧뿆쳘즫랽쏦ꎬ틔훗쇶췢뿆캪훷쿟ꎬ틔럅짤훎쇆캪쳘즫ꎬ뮯쇆뫍훐컷튽뷡뫏훎쇆캪훘뗣ꎬ듸뚯쇋룷튽쇆ꆢ뿆퇐뿆쫒뗄랢햹ꎬ쿖벺탎돉쇋쫖쫵ꆢ럅쇆ꆢ뮯쇆ꆢ짺컯톧훎쇆ꆢ럅짤뷩죫쇆램뫍훐컷튽뷡뫏쇆램뗈쾵춳뗄훗쇶ퟛ뫏훎쇆쳥쾵ꎬ뺭맽뛠쓪뗄쪵볹뫍ퟪ퇐ꎬ믽샛쇋럡뢻뗄쇙뒲뺭퇩ꎬ탎돉쇋뛀폐뗄뿆쳘즫ꎬ퓚탂붮탎돉뷏룟뗄“훗쇶훎쇆”횪쏻뛈ꆣ 튽풺쿖햼뗘췲욽랽쏗ꎬ붨훾쏦믽듳췲욽랽쏗ꎬ만뚨닺5틚폠풪ꎬ펵ꆪ16ꆪ
뷡†맻?폐쿖듺뮯뗄맜샭탅쾢쾵춳ꆣ튽풺쿖폐뇠훆뒲캻1600헅ꎻ튽풺펵폐쏀맺췟샯낲2300C/DꆢIGRT4첨횱쿟볓쯙웷뫍TPS훎쇆볆뮮쾵춳ꆢ뫳ힰ훎쇆믺ꆢ듳뿗뺶CT쒣쓢뚨캻믺ꎬSPECT/CTꆢECTꆢ듅릲헱ꆢ솽첨컷쏅ퟓ뫍량샻웖DRꆢ좫쫽ퟖ죩쿙냐믺ꆢ룟쓜뎬짹뻛붹떶ꆢC뇛탍좫쫽ퟖ뮯욽냥첽닢톪맜퓬펰쾵춳ꎬ룷샠닊즫뎬짹틇ꆢ좫쳗뷸뿚뗧ퟓ쓚뿺뺵ꆢ좫ퟔ뚯짺뮯럖컶틇ꆣ 톧뿆붨짨쟩뿶 탂붮쒳훗쇶뿆튽풺퓚좫쏦쳡룟튽쇆벼쫵쮮욽뗄춬쪱ꎬ훘뗣잿뮯톧뿆붨짨ꎬ볡돖“듳뿆ꆢ킡ퟛ뫏”뗄톧뿆랢햹쮼슷ꎬ듲퓬폅쫆톧뿆ꆢ욷없톧뿆ꎬퟅ솦엠폽뻟폐훗쇶뿆튽풺쳘즫뗄톧뿆쳥쾵ꎬ튽풺쿖짨폐훗쇶췢뿆튵11룶ꎬ럖뇰쫇짱뺭훗쇶췢뿆ꆢ춷뺱훗쇶췢뿆ꆢ볗ힴ쿙훗쇶췢뿆ꆢ죩쿙훗쇶췢뿆ꆢ탘늿훗쇶췢뿆ꎨ럎폫ퟝ늡쟸ꆢ쪳뗀폫쏅늡쟸ꎩꆢ캸뎦훗쇶췢뿆ꎨ캸폫뫳뢹쒤늡쟸ꆢ뎦늡쟸ꎩꆢ룎떨훗쇶췢뿆ꆢ쏚쓲훗쇶췢뿆ꆢ맇폫죭ퟩ횯훗쇶췢뿆ꆢ뢾뿆훗쇶췢뿆ꆢ훗쇶뷩죫훎쇆뿆ꎻ훗쇶쓚뿆튵4룶ꎬ럖뇰캪럎납훗쇶뮯쇆뿆ꎬ쏚쓲ꆢ짺횳벰늻쏷풭틲틆납뮯쇆뿆ꎬ쇜냍쇶ꆢ톪튺벰죩쿙훗쇶뮯쇆뿆ꎬ쿻뮯훗쇶뮯쇆뿆ꎻ훗쇶럅짤훎쇆튵4룶ꎬ럖뇰캪춷뺱늿훗쇶럅쇆뿆ꆢ탘뢹늿훗쇶럅쇆뿆ꆢ죩쿙훗쇶럅쇆뿆ꆢ뢾뿆훗쇶럅쇆뿆ꎻ튽풺뮹뾪짨폐훐컷튽뷡뫏뿆ꎬ샮볎돏쿈짺돶뻨훺폫튽풺킭ퟷ뾪햹뗄쓾퇸풺ꆣ 죋솦풴럖컶 죋솦풴훷튪냼삨룷샠컀짺벼쫵죋풱ꆢ맜샭죋풱ꆢ릤돌벼쫵죋풱뗈뗄쫽솿ꆢ릹돉ꆢ뇈샽ꆢ튽쇆뮤샭벼쫵죋풱폫럇튽쇆뮤샭벼쫵죋풱뗄뇈샽ꆢ룟벶죋닅폫훐돵벶죋닅뗄뇈샽폫뷡릹ꆣ 탂붮쒳훗쇶뿆튽풺릲폐횰릤1231죋ꎬ웤훐튵죋풱1029죋ꎬ룟벶횰돆127죋ꎬ훐벶횰돆179죋ꎬ돵벶횰돆283죋ꎻ뻟폐늩쪿톧캻8죋ꎬ뻟폐쮶쪿톧캻197죋ꎬ놾뿆톧샺297죋ꎬ듳톧샺285죋ꎬ볻뇭8ꎬ9ꆣ 뇭8 퓚풺죋풱횰돆뷡릹럖늼쟩뿶ꎨ죋쫽/릹돉뇈ꎩ 샠뇰 룟벶릹돉뇈릹돉뇈 ꎨ %ꎩ훐벶 ꎨ%ꎩ돵벶릹돉뇈릹돉뇈 ꎨ%ꎩ웤쯻 ꎨ%ꎩ 쇙뒲 95 109 159 8 뮤샭 12 43 684 0 튽벼 5 14 30 0 맜샭 15 10 71 0 웤쯻 7 15 31 0 뫏볆 134 191 975 8 ꆪ17ꆪ
탂붮튽뿆듳톧튽톧쮶쪿톧캻싛컄? 뇭9 퓚풺죋풱톧샺뷡릹럖늼쟩뿶ꎨ죋쫽/릹돉뇈ꎩ 샠뇰릹돉뇈 퇐뺿짺 ꎨ%ꎩ놾뿆릹돉뇈 듳릹돉뇈 ꎨ%ꎩ웤쯻릹돉뇈 ꎨ%ꎩ ꎨ%ꎩ 쇙뒲 227 131 4 9 뮤샭 0 43 186 510 튽벼 5 17 15 12 맜샭 19 24 23 30 웤쯻 7 22 20 4 뫏볆 258 237 248 565 뷌톧뫍뿆퇐벼쫵럖컶 탂붮쒳훗쇶뿆튽풺쫇튽뿆듳톧훗쇶뿆쮶쪿퇐뺿짺톧캻쫚좨뗣ꎬ쒿잰ꎬ폐6죋떣죎늩쪿퇐뺿짺떼쪦ꆢ40죋떣죎쮶쪿퇐뺿짺떼쪦ꆣ쎿쓪돐떣ퟅ튽뿆듳톧놾뿆짺ꆢ쮶쪿짺벰쪡쓚췢뷸탞짺뗄뷌톧죎컱ꎬ쫇탂붮훗쇶튵죋닅뗄훘튪뷌폽믹뗘ꆣ웤듎ꎬ튽풺퓚2009쓪뿆퇐솢쿮14쿮ꎬ웤훐맺볒ퟔ좻뿆톧믹뷰4쿮ꎬ뿆벼횧붮쿮쒿1쿮ꎬퟔ훎쟸ퟔ좻믹뷰2쿮ꎬퟔ훎쟸쟠쓪믹뷰1쿮ꎬퟔ훎쟸훘뗣쪵퇩쫒쿮쒿1쿮ꎬ뷌폽쳼훘뗣쿮쒿ꆢ쟠쓪뷌쪦웴뚯믹뷰뫍컀짺쳼쟠쓪믹뷰룷2쿮ꎬ쫐뿆벼뻖볆뮮쿮쒿1쿮ꎻ쇭췢믱뗃뫏ퟷ쿮쒿2쿮ꎬ훐퇫닆헾틆횧뢶뗘랽쿮쒿3쿮ꎬퟔ훎쟸뗘랽릫엉돉ퟩ엤쳗쿮쒿1쿮ꎬ릲믱훺뺭럑뷼300췲풪ꆣ 닆컱럖컶 뛔튽풺뺭펪벰닆컱벨킧뷸탐럖컶ꎬ쓜뿍맛ꆢ좫쏦뗘랴펳튽풺닺퓋펪킧맻뫍닆컱킧틦ힴ뿶ꎬ폐훺폚헽좷틽떼튽풺뺭펪탐캪ꎬ듙뷸튽풺볓잿믹뒡맜샭뫍쳡룟뺭볃킧틦ꎬ쪵쿖튽풺뗄벯풼뮯뺭펪ꎬ볻뇭10ꆣ ꆪ18ꆪ
뷡†맻?뇭10 탂붮쒳훗쇶뿆튽풺2007-2009쓪닆컱횸뇪럖컶ꎨ%ꎩ 쿮쒿 2007쓪 2008쓪 2009쓪 뛌웚쇷뚯탔벰뎥햮쓜솦 쇷뚯뇈싊 쯙뚯뇈싊 닺뢺햮싊 닺퓋펪ힴ뿶 죋풱횧돶퓶뎤싊 닺훜싊 튵컱쫕죫뷡폠싊 냙풪만뚨닺튵컱쫕죫싊 랢햹쓜솦 튵컱쫕죫퓶뎤싊 쫕훎뷡폠퓶뎤싊 3ꎮSWOT럖컶[23] 폐킧뗄햽싔펦쓜ퟮ듳돌뛈뗄샻폃쓚늿폅쫆뫍뮷뺳믺믡ꎬ춬쪱쪹쓚늿쇓쫆뫍뮷뺳췾킲붵훁ퟮ뗍쿞뛈ꆣSWOT럖컶램쫇쾵춳좷죏폅쫆(Strength)ꆢ쇓쫆(Weakness)ꆢ믺믡(Opportunity)뫍췾킲(Threat)ꎬ늢뻝듋쳡돶햽싔뗄튻훖랽램ꆣ잰쏦컒쏇틑뺭쇐돶쇋폐맘탂붮쒳훗쇶뿆튽풺랢햹뗄쓚췢늿뮷뺳튪쯘ꎬ쿂쏦퓋폃SWOT럖컶램뷸튻늽럖컶쯼쏇뛔튽풺뗄펰쿬ꎬ늢쇐돶쓚췢뮷뺳럖컶뫳쯹탎돉뗄SWOT뻘헳ꎬ듓폅쫆뫍쇓쫆ꆢ믺믡뫍췾킲뗄ퟩ뫏훐톰헒튽풺캴살랢햹뗄햽싔랽쿲ꆣ 믺믡쫇췢늿뮷뺳뇤뮯쟷쫆훐뛔탂붮쒳훗쇶뿆튽풺뗄짺듦폫랢햹폐컼틽솦뗄ꆢ믽벫뗄ꆢ헽쿲뗄랽쏦ꆣ튽풺죴쓜냑컕뫍샻폃믺믡ꎬ뻍뿉틔좡뗃뷝ퟣ쿈뗇횮킧믲퓶잿튽풺뗄뺺헹폅쫆ꆣ췾킲뻍쫇췢늿뮷뺳뇤뮯쟷쫆훐뛔튽풺뗄짺듦폫랢햹늻샻뗄ꆢ쿻벫뗄ꆢ뢺쿲뗄랽쏦ꆣ튽풺죴늻쓜믘뇜믲잡떱뒦샭췾킲ꎬ뻍믡뚯튡믲쟖쪴튽풺뗄쫐뎡뗘캻ꎬ릹돉뛔튽풺튵컱랢햹뗄풼쫸뫍헏낭ꆣ 폅쫆쫇탂붮쒳훗쇶뿆튽풺쿠뛔폚뺺헹뛔쫖뛸퇔쯹뻟폐뗄풴ꆢ벼쫵믲웤쯻랽쏦뗄잿쫆ꎬ랴펳쇋튽풺쓜퓚쫐뎡짏뻟폐뺺헹솦뗄쳘쫢쪵솦ꎻ쇓쫆쫇횸퇏훘펰쿬튽풺뺭펪킧싊뗄풴ꆢ벼쫵뫍쓜솦쿞훆ꎬ튽풺뗄짨쪩ꆢ닆풴ꆢ맜샭쓜솦뚼뿉틔돉캪퓬돉튽풺쇓쫆뗄풭틲ꆣ춨맽뛔탂붮쒳훗쇶뿆튽풺뗄쓚췢늿뮷뺳럖컶뗃돶탂붮쒳훗쇶뿆튽풺뗄SWOT뻘헳ꆣ ꆪ19ꆪ
탂붮튽뿆듳톧튽톧쮶쪿톧캻싛컄?SWOT뻘헳 폅쫆——S 쇓쫆——W 1 뿆욷없ꎻ 1. 톧뿆랢햹늻욽뫢ꎬ훘뗣톧뿆짙ꎬ죋닅2 뗘샭캻훃ꎻ 벼쫵솦솿놡죵ꎻ 3 훗쇶톧뿆벼쫵폅쫆 2. 좱랦폐킧뗄벤샸믺훆ꎻ 4 맦쒣듳ꆢ훗쇶톧뿆웫좫ꎬ펵폐뛀솢뗄3. 돉놾뿘훆늻떽캻 쳥볬훐탄뫍쓾퇸풺ꎻ 4. 죋탔뮯럾컱늻떽캻 5 럡뢻뗄훗쇶럅쇆짨놸풴 6 뷰솦솿탛뫱ꎬ닆컱ힴ뿶솼뫃ꎻ 7 튽풺볆쯣믺탅쾢맜샭쾵춳돵붨맦쒣ꆣ 믺믡——O 췾킲——T 1. 럾컱뛔쿳퓶볓ꎻ 1. 쯹퓚뗘쟸룷튽풺뺺헹볓뻧 2. 럾컱뛔쿳쿻럑쓜솦퓶잿ꎻ 2. 튽풺맜샭쏦쇙쳴햽 3. 럾컱쇬폲삩듳ꎻ 3. 훎쇆뷡맻늻샖맛 4. 럾컱닣듎퓶뛠ꆣ 4. 럾컱돉놾짏짽 5. 튽쇆럾컱쿮쒿떥튻ꎬ뾹럧쿕쓜솦닮 룹뻝짏쏦뗄뻘헳ꎬ컒쏇뿉틔뗃돶죧춼쯹쪾뗄폅쫆폫쇓쫆ꆢ믺믡폫췾킲뗄쯄훖ퟩ뫏ꎬ뻝듋살좷뚨탂붮쒳훗쇶뿆튽풺뗄랢햹랽쿲ꆣ 훗쇶뿆튽풺횮쯹틔쪵쪩ퟝ쿲튻쳥뮯햽싔훷튪듓틔쿂벸랽쏦뾼싇ꎺ쫗쿈ꎬ캪훗쇶뮼헟쳡릩튵맦랶뗄헯쇆럾컱ꎬ웤듎ꎬ탂붮쒳훗쇶뿆튽풺ퟷ캪맺폐럇펪샻탔튽풺솦쟳춨맽랢믓ퟔ짭뗄폅쫆ꎬ폅뮯튽풺풴엤훃ꎬ쳡룟튽풺풴뗄쪹폃킧싊ꎬ벯훐튻쟐풴뫍솦솿엠퇸튽풺돖탸뺺헹쓜솦ꎬ쯜퓬ퟔ벺뗄뫋탄뺺헹솦ꎬ늻뛏쳡룟쓚늿맜샭쮮욽ꆢ쳡룟훎폺싊ꆢ쳡룟늡죋짺듦훊솿ꆢ붵뗍늡죋튽쇆럑폃ꎬ돉캪탐튵쓚뗄횪쏻튽풺ꎬ퓚듋믹뒡짏쪵쿖튽풺뺭볃샻틦ퟮ듳뮯ꎬ듓뛸쪹탂붮쒳훗쇶뿆튽풺믱뗃뿉돖탸랢햹ꆣ 58쏻훗쇶튽풺맜샭헟뛔ퟝ쿲튻쳥뮯쒣쪽뗄움볛 캪쇋쇋뷢룃뺭펪쒣쪽뗄뿉탐탔ꎬ뇊헟퓚뗚쪮뻅뷬좫맺훗쇶튽풺맜샭톧쫵퇐쳖믡짏쪵쪩컊뻭뗷닩ꎬ헫뛔쒣쪽훐짦벰뗄훘튪컊쳢뷸탐뗷닩럖컶ꆣ ꆪ20ꆪ
뷡†맻? 튻냣쟩뿶 퓚뗷닩뗄58쏻죋풱훐ꎬ살ퟔ훗쇶뿆튽풺52쏻ꎬퟛ뫏튽풺6쏻ꎻ살ퟔ죽벶볗뗈튽풺릲볆47쏻ꎬ햼81%ꎻ쓐탔캪35쏻ꎬ햼%ꎬ얮탔캪23쏻ꎬ햼%ꎻ쓪쇤뛠퓚41쯪틔짏릲볆46쏻ꎬ햼%ꎻ컄뮯돌뛈뛠캪놾뿆틔짏ꎬ햼%ꎻ듓쫂튽풺맜샭뗄15쓪틔짏헟뻓뛠ꎬ햼%ꆣ 뇭11 58쏻닎믡듺뇭믹놾쟩뿶 샠뇰 죋쫽 릹돉뇈ꎨ%ꎩ 샠뇰 죋쫽 릹돉뇈ꎨ%ꎩ 탔뇰 쯹퓚튽풺샠탍 쓐 35 ퟛ뫏튽풺 6 얮 23 훗쇶뿆튽풺 52 쓪쇤ꎨ쯪ꎩ 쯹퓚튽풺뗈벶 21-30 1 뛾벶틒뗈 1 31-40 11 19 뛾벶볗뗈 4 41-50 24 죽벶틒뗈 6 51쯪틔짏 22 죽벶볗뗈 47 81 컄뮯돌뛈 듓쫂튽풺맜샭뗄쓪쿞 뿆 5 5쓪틔쿂 7 놾뿆 35 5-9쓪 18 31 쮶쪿 10 10-14쓪 10 ?늩쪿 8 ?15쓪틔짏 23 닎믡죋풱쯹퓚뗄튽풺ퟝ쿲튻쳥뮯뺭펪쒣쪽뾪햹쟩뿶 퓚뛔58쏻듺뇭뗄뗷닩훐ꎬ뻍웤쯹퓚튽풺뾪햹ퟝ쿲튻쳥뮯쿠맘럾컱쟩뿶살뾴ꎬ잰쿲튻쳥뮯럾컱훐ꎬ납잰ힴ첬뗄쯦럃맛달뫍볠뮤룟캣죋좺붡뾵쟩뿶솽쿮럾컱뾪햹쟩뿶뷏닮ꎬ웤쯼쿠맘럾컱룷볒튽풺ퟜ쳥짏뚼퓚믽벫쪵쪩ꎻ퓚뫳쿲튻쳥뮯쿠맘럾컱뾪햹쟩뿶훐ꎬ룷볒튽풺퓚헻쳥짏뚼뒦퓚캪뾪햹뫍뫍쓢뾪햹ꎬ횻폐벸볒퓚쪵쪩쿠맘럾컱ꎬ볻뇭12ꆣ ꆪ21ꆪ
탂붮튽뿆듳톧튽톧쮶쪿톧캻싛컄?뇭12 58쏻닎믡죋풱쯹퓚뗄튽풺ퟝ쿲튻쳥뮯뺭펪쒣쪽뾪햹쟩뿶 샠뇰캴뾪릹돉뇈쓢뾪릹돉뇈틑뾪릹돉뇈뷏돉릹돉뇈 햹 ꎨ%ꎩ 햹 ꎨ%ꎩ 햹 ꎨ%ꎩ 쫬 ꎨ%ꎩ 잰쿲튻쳥뮯 훗쇶럀훎횪쪶탻뒫 0 0 2 31 25 뛔늿럖죋좺뷸탐훗쇶즸닩 0 0 5 34 19 납잰ힴ첬뗄쯦럃맛달 16 11 19 26 5 볠뮤룟캣죋좺붡뾵쟩뿶 14 19 17 8 훗쇶볒쿂믹닣톲믘틥헯/2 1 36 19 엠통믹닣튽뮤죋풱훗쇶튽4 3 36 15 붨솢쳥볬훐탄 2 8 28 20 붨솢훗쇶럀훎볠닢훐탄/볠15 14 20 9 뫳쿲튻쳥뮯 뛔좺훚뷸탐맃쾢맘뮳횪쪶7 11 19 27 13 뛔튽뮤죋풱뷸탐맃쾢맘뮳8 9 30 11 19 맃쾢맘뮳쏅헯ꎨ쳛춴/탄샭11 19 12 26 9 볒뻓맃쾢맘뮳 28 11 19 13 6 죕췐쪽맃쾢맘뮳훐탄 43 12 3 0 0 뛔췭웚납횢뮼헟볒쫴뫍엳13 11 19 26 8 늡랿힡풺늡죋맃쾢맘뮳 14 7 31 6 ퟝ쿲튻쳥뮯쒣쪽뛔튽풺랢햹닺짺뗄킧맻움볛 58쏻듺뇭죏캪ퟝ쿲튻쳥뮯쒣쪽뗄쪵쪩뛔훗쇶뿆튽풺뗄랢햹쫇웰떽믽벫ퟷ폃뗄ꎬ폈웤퓚쫇퓚웕벰죋좺뗄훗쇶럀훎횪쪶뫍쳡룟튽풺횪쏻뛈뫍쏻폾뛈랽쏦ꎬ뻟쳥움볛뷡맻볻뇭13ꆣ ꆪ22ꆪ
뷡†맻?뇭13 58쏻닎믡죋풱뛔ퟝ쿲튻쳥뮯쒣쪽펰쿬튽풺랢햹뗄킧맻움볛 샠뇰릹돉뇈릹돉뇈 뫜뫃 ꎨ%ꎩ뷏뫃 ꎨ%ꎩ튻냣릹돉뇈컞릹돉뇈 ꎨ%ꎩ 킧 ꎨ%ꎩ 웕벰죋좺뗄훗쇶럀훎횪쪶 27 23 8 14 0 0 쳡룟뮼헟훒돏뛈 13 35 10 17 0 0 싺ퟣ뮼헟뫍붡뾵탨쟳헟뛠닣15 31 12 21 0 0 쳡룟뮼헟뻍튽뿉벰탔ꎺ뻍뷼믱23 25 9 16 1 쳡룟뮼헟훎폺싊 28 24 6 10 0 0 쳡룟튽풺횪쏻뛈뫍쏀폾뛈 32 22 4 0 0 뷚풼튽풺뺭펪돉놾,쳡룟뺭펪17 24 9 16 0 0 퓶잿튽풺퓚튽쇆쫐뎡훐뗄훷25 24 5 16 0 0 듙뷸뫍췪짆튽풺죋탔뮯뗄럾28 19 11 19 0 0 엠퇸죋닅ꆢ쳡룟벼쫵쮮욽 17 30 11 19 0 0 퓶뷸폫믹닣튽풺뗄킭ퟷ맘쾵ꆢ12 30 16 28 0 0 붵뗍튽뮤죋풱뗄릤ퟷ톹솦 9 21 25 43 3 펰쿬ퟝ쿲튻쳥뮯쒣쪽쪵쪩뗄쿠맘틲쯘움볛 58쏻듺뇭뛔훗쇶뿆튽풺쪵쪩ퟝ쿲튻쳥뮯쒣쪽ퟮ떣탄뗄쫇웤쪵쪩맽돌훐벼쫵쮮욽ꆢ튽쇆럾컱훊솿벰럾컱쳘즫ꎻ웤듎쫇죋솦풴뗄엤훃쟩뿶쫇럱뫏샭ꆢ튽풺욷없뫍쫐뎡펪쿺랽쏦벰맜닣맜샭헟뗄맜샭럧룱뫍뺭펪샭쓮뗈틲쯘ꎬ볻뇭14ꆣ ꆪ23ꆪ
탂붮튽뿆듳톧튽톧쮶쪿톧캻싛컄?뇭14 58쏻닎믡죋풱뛔펰쿬ퟝ쿲튻쳥뮯쒣쪽쪵쪩뗄움볛 펰쿬돌뛈 샠뇰 뫜듳릹돉뇈 ꎨ%ꎩ뷏듳릹돉뇈튻릹돉뇈쎻릹돉 ꎨ%ꎩ 냣 ꎨ%ꎩ 폐 뇈ꎨ%ꎩ 헾뢮헾닟 23 25 9 1 떱뗘뗄짧믡컄뮯럧쯗쾰맟 3 26 26 3 튽쇆럾컱탨쟳헟뗄쫽솿 11 19 31 16 0 0 튽풺랢햹햽싔 21 22 14 1 튽풺랢햹맦뮮 21 22 14 1 룃쒣쪽퓋펪돉놾 14 34 10 0 0 튽풺욷없뫍쫐뎡펪쿺 23 24 10 1 튽풺뗘샭캻훃 6 19 32 1 뷰릩돯쓜솦 13 33 12 0 0 죋솦풴엤훃 21 27 8 0 0 펲볾짨쪩릩돯쓜솦 15 29 50 14 0 0 튽풺탅쾢뮯돌뛈 21 26 11 19 0 0 튽풺룟닣맜샭헟ꎺ맜샭럧룱뫍뺭펪맛쓮 22 26 10 0 0 튽쇆럾컱훊솿 24 28 6 0 0 튽쇆벼쫵쮮욽 27 22 9 0 0 튽쇆럾컱볛룱 14 31 13 0 0 튽쇆럾컱쳘즫 23 27 8 0 0 췢늿킭ퟷ 16 23 18 31 1 4ꎮ믹폚ퟝ쿲튻쳥뮯햽싔뺭펪뗄뻙듫뫍돉킧 쳥볬훐탄튵컱솿횸뇪움볛 쳥볬훐탄훷튪뢺퓰뛔룶쳥뫍좺쳥뗄쳥볬ꆢ붡뾵폫벲늡럧쿕틲쯘움맀틔벰뷸탐폐헫뛔탔뗄붡뾵횸떼ꆢ룉풤뫍쪵쪩ꆣ퓚헢튻맽돌훐ꎬ돽쇋뷸탐짭쳥볬닩틔췢ꎬ뮹뷓쫜쇋좫돌뗄죋탔뮯럾컱ꆢ맘쾵맜샭폫붡뾵뷌폽ꆣ쳥볬훐탄ퟔ2004쓪붨솢틔살ꎬ릲볆럾컱늡죋41064죋ꎬ튵컱쫕죫릲볆14524000풪ꎬ볻뇭15ꆣ ꆪ24ꆪ
뷡†맻?뇭15 쳥볬훐탄2004ꆫ2009쓪튵컱솿횸뇪뚯첬뇤뮯 쿮쒿뻸뛔퓶뎤솿 랢햹쯙뛈ꎨ%ꎩ 퓶뎤쯙뛈ꎨ%ꎩ 쓪럝 샽쫽 샛볆 훰쓪 뚨믹뇈 뮷뇈 뚨믹뇈 뮷뇈 쳥볬죋듎 2004 2000 - - - - 2005 3400 1400 1400 2006 4978 2978 1578 2007 8000 6000 3022 2008 9600 7600 1600 2009 13086 11086 3486 힡풺죋쫽 2004 20 - - - - 2005 43 23 23 2006 48 28 5 2007 44 24 -4 2008 70 50 26 2009 53 33 -17 튵컱쫕죫 2004 400000 - - - - 2005 924000 524000 524000 2006 1900000 1500000 976000 2007 2200000 1800000 300000 2008 4200000 3800000 2000000 ? 2009 4900000 4500000 700000 “맘낮얮탔붡뾵탂붮탐”톲믘틥헯붡뾵횪쪶탻뷌믮뚯킧맻 죩쿙납뫍리뺱납쫇캣몦탂붮뢾얮붡뾵뗄훘튪벲늡횮튻ꎬ펰쿬뢾얮뗄짺믮뫍릤ퟷ[25]ꆣ탂붮쒳훗쇶뿆튽풺캪쇋쟐쪵싄탐튽풺뗄릫틦횰쓜뫍훗쇶럀훎훐탄횰퓰ꎬ퓚2009쓪4퓂7죕——2009쓪11퓂8죕웚볤ꎬ쪵쪩쇋맘낮얮탔붡뾵탂붮탐”톲믘틥헯붡뾵횪쪶탻뷌믮뚯ꆣ퓚믮뚯훐ꎬퟷ헟춨맽컊뻭뗷닩뗄탎쪽뛔닎볓믮뚯뗄죋좺뷸탐쇋뗷닩ꎬ릲뗷닩죋쫽릲볆30827죋ꎬ닎볓죩쿙즸닩뗄얮탔캪16133죋ꎬ닎볓뢾뿆즸닩뗄얮탔캪14694죋ꆣ늢뛔듋듎믮뚯뾪햹뗄싺틢뛈ꆢ뇘튪탔틔벰뛔얮탔붡뾵냯훺돌뛈ퟷ쇋움볛ꎬ볻뇭16ꆣ ꆪ25ꆪ
탂붮튽뿆듳톧튽톧쮶쪿톧캻싛컄?뇭16 즸닩죋좺믹놾쟩뿶 샠뇰뢾뿆 죩쿙 죋쫽 릹돉뇈ꎨ%ꎩ ? 죋쫽 릹돉뇈ꎨ%ꎩ <15쯪 40 15 15-24쯪 118 182 25-34쯪 3693 4096 쓪쇤 35-44쯪 6721 7686 45-54쯪 3746 3759 55-64쯪 248 253 =65쯪 129 142 몺 11718 12642 믘 1187 1492 캬컡뛻 575 703 ퟥ뇰 맾 1018 986 쏉맅 91 182 싺 78 98 웤쯻 26 29 캴믩 104 479 믩틶ힴ뿶틑믩 14146 15176 즥얼 339 366 웤쯻 104 111 캴짏맽톧 157 226 킡톧 508 549 돵훐 2949 2985 컄뮯돌뛈 룟훐 2479 2731 듳 5194 5547 놾뿆 3353 4040 놾뿆틔짏 53 56 <500풪 1788 1900 500-1499풪 7622 7574 욽뻹퓂쫕죫1500-2499풪 4764 6068 2500-3499풪 339 408 3500-4499풪 91 84 4500풪틔짏 90 98 ꆪ26ꆪ
뷡†맻???㈶???〹???㠳?㌵?ㄷ?럇뎣싺틢㘲?㌰?싺틢튻냣춼ㄠ틥헯믮뚯뗄싺틢뛈움볛춼 〮〹?〮㈶?〮㔲?㈰⸲㐥뫜폐뇘튪폐뇘튪튻냣쎻폐뇘튪늻맘탄㜸⸸㠥춼㈠뾪햹틥헯믮뚯뗄뇘튪탔움볛춼 ꆪ27ꆪ
탂붮튽뿆듳톧튽톧쮶쪿톧캻싛컄?〮㠹?〮㐴?㔮㘸?ㄵ⸳㘥뫜듳?뷏듳튻냣㜷⸶㈥뷏킡뫜킡춼㌠틥헯믮뚯뛔뢾얮붡뾵뗄냯훺움볛춼 뢾뿆뫍죩쿙뿆튵컱솿횸뇪움볛 2004쓪1퓂1죕훁2009쓪12퓂31죕뢾뿆뫍죩쿙뿆튵컱솿횸뇪쫽뻝퓶복쟩뿶ꎨ볻뇭18-19ꎬ춼4-5ꎩ 뇭18 뢾뿆2004ꆫ2009쓪릤ퟷ솿횸뇪뚯첬뇤뮯 쿮쒿뻸뛔퓶뎤솿 랢햹쯙뛈ꎨ%ꎩ 퓶뎤쯙뛈ꎨ%ꎩ 쓪럝 샽쫽 샛볆 훰쓪 뚨믹뇈 뮷뇈 뚨믹뇈 뮷뇈 쏅헯죋듎 2004 10846 - - - - 2005 9895 -951 -951 2006 11945 1099 2050 2007 14853 4007 2908 2008 17087 6241 2234 2009 25013 14167 7926 힡풺죋듎 2004 2533 - - - - 2005 2782 249 249 2006 3541 1008 759 2007 4221 1688 680 2008 5890 3357 1669 2009 6659 4126 769 돶풺죋듎 2004 2529 - - - - ꆪ28ꆪ
뷡†맻? 2005 2807 278 278 2006 3365 836 558 2007 4205 1676 840 2008 5872 3343 1667 2009 6769 4240 897 쫖쫵샽쫽 2004 1898 - - - - 2005 2091 193 193 2006 2153 255 62 2007 2233 335 80 2008 3005 1107 772 ? 2009 3163 1265 158 ꆪ29ꆪ
탂붮튽뿆듳톧튽톧쮶쪿톧캻싛컄?뇭19 죩쿙뿆2004ꆫ2009쓪릤ퟷ솿횸뇪뚯첬뇤뮯 쿮쒿뻸뛔퓶뎤솿 랢햹쯙뛈ꎨ%ꎩ 퓶뎤쯙뛈ꎨ%ꎩ 쓪럝 샽쫽 샛볆 훰쓪 뚨믹뇈 뮷뇈 뚨믹뇈 뮷뇈 쏅헯죋듎 2004 24023 - - - - 2005 22965 -1058 -1058 2006 33424 9401 10459 2007 36493 12470 3069 2008 40520 16497 4027 2009 47324 23301 6804 힡풺죋듎 2004 2951 - - - - 2005 2140 -811 -811 2006 5724 2773 3584 2007 6817 3866 1093 2008 8489 5538 1672 2009 11400 8449 2911 돶풺죋듎 2004 2810 - - - - 2005 2726 -84 -84 2006 4213 1403 1487 2007 5320 2510 1107 2008 7301 4491 1981 2009 10092 7282 2791 쫖쫵샽쫽 2004 2356 - - - - 2005 2579 223 223 2006 3397 1041 818 2007 3633 1277 236 2008 4674 2318 1041 ? 2009 5880 3524 1206 ꆪ30ꆪ
뷡†맻?㌰〰?㈵〰?㈰〰?쏅헯죋듎ㄵ〰?힡풺죋듎〰?돶풺죋듎쫖쫵샽쫽㔰〰?㈰〴㈰〵㈰〶㈰〷㈰〸㈰〹쓪럝춼4 2004ꆫ2009쓪뢾뿆릤ퟷ솿횸뇪뚯첬뇤뮯쟩뿶 5000045000400003500030000쏅헯죋듎25000힡풺죋듎20000돶풺죋듎15000쫖쫵샽쫽1000050000200420052006200720082009쓪럝춼5 죩쿙뿆2004ꆫ2009릤ퟷ솿횸뇪뚯첬뇤뮯쟩뿶 풺쓚헯훎뗄ퟛ뫏움볛 훷튪룹뻝2007쓪—2009쓪튽풺릤ퟷ놨뇭ꎬ퓋폃ퟛ뫏횸쫽램뛔웤풺쓚헯훎쮮욽뷸탐ퟛ뫏움볛ꎬ쯦ퟅ튽풺뗄랢햹뫍룷쿮릤ퟷ뗄훰늽췪짆ꎬ폐ퟛ뫏횸뇪횸쫽뿉틔뾴돶룃풺2007ꆫ2009쓪풺쓚ퟛ뫏횸쫽돊짏짽쟷쫆ꎬퟛ뫏횸쫽틀듎캪ꎬꎬ볻ꎨ뇭20ꎬ21ꎩꆣ ꆪ31ꆪ 죋듎죋듎
탂붮튽뿆듳톧튽톧쮶쪿톧캻싛컄?뇭20 쒳훗쇶튽풺2007ꆫ2009쓪풺쓚헯훎릤ퟷ훷튪횸뇪 움볛횸뇪뫢솿 룷쓪쪵볊횵 뒦샭뫳쫽횵 뇪ힼ 2007쓪 2008쓪 2009쓪 2007쓪 2008쓪 2009쓪 쏅헯릤ퟷ킧싊 욽뻹죕쏅헯헯쇆죋듎 1820 늡랿릤ퟷ킧싊 쪵볊늡뒲쪹폃싊 93 쫵잰듽뒲죕 9 돶풺헟욽뻹힡풺죕 25 욽뻹뒲캻훜듎쫽 17 릤ퟷ훊솿 죫돶풺헯뛏럻뫏싊 95 죽죕좷헯싊 80 훎폺뫃싊 90 늡샭헯뛏럻뫏싊 95 쫖쫵잰뫳헯뛏럻뫏싊 95 ? 뇭21 쒳훗쇶튽풺2007ꆫ2009쓪ퟛ뫏횸뇪 ퟛ뫏횸뇪 2007쓪 2008쓪 2009쓪 쏅헯릤ퟷ킧싊 늡랿릤ퟷ킧싊 릤ퟷ훊솿 ퟛ뫏횸쫽 쓾퇸럾컱뗄킧맻 쓾퇸럾컱쫇쏅쫕훎췭웚납횢뮼헟ꎬ캪췭웚납횢뮼헟뷸탐룷훖맃쾢탔훎쇆뗄튻훖튽쇆럾컱ꆣWHO뛔맃쾢훎쇆뗄뷢쫍쫇ꎺ뿏뚨짺쏼늢냑쯀췶쫓캪튻헽뎣뗄맽돌ꎻ볈늻볓쯙튲늻퇓뮺쯀췶ꎻ쳡릩쳛춴뫍웤쯻춴뿠횢ힴ뗄뮺뷢ꎻ뷡뫏탄샭뫍뺫짱랽쏦뗄튽쇆헕맋ꎻ쳡릩튻횧돖쾵춳틔냯훺뮼헟뺡뿉쓜믽벫뗄짺믮횱훁쯀췶ꎻ쳡릩튻횧돖쾵춳틔냯훺볒쫴퓚뮼헟뮼늡웚볤뫍쯻쏇뻚즥웚볤쓜펦뢶쏦뛔뗄튻쟐ꆣ 탂붮쒳훗쇶뿆튽풺뗄쓾퇸풺ퟔ붨풺틔살럾컱늡죋릲볆4333죋ꎬ쓐탔햼%ꎬ얮탔햼%ꎻ럾컱뛔쿳쓪쇤뛠캪50쯪틔짏뮼헟ꎬ햼좫늿늡죋뗄%ꎬꆪ32ꆪ
뷡†맻?볻뇭22ꆣ 뇭22 2001쓪1퓂1죕-2009쓪12퓂31죕쓾퇸늡죋믹놾쟩뿶 샠뇰 샽쫽(죋) 릹돉뇈ꎨ%ꎩ 탔뇰 쓐 2328 얮 2005 뫏볆 4333 쓪쇤ꎨ쯪ꎩ >30 128 30-39 344 40-49 626 50-59 893 =60 2342 ?뫏볆 4333 쳛춴쫇췭웚납횢뮼헟뗄ퟮ훷튪횢ힴ횮튻[26]ꆣ쯼늻뷶펰쿬뮼헟뗄쮯쏟ꆢ틻쪳폫믮뚯,뛸쟒퓚탄샭짏튲룸뮼헟듸살벫듳뗄톹솦ꆣ떱쳛춴볓뻧쪱뮼헟믡닺짺뷴헅뿖뻥ꆢ붹싇틖폴뗈탄샭뇤뮯,헢퇏훘뗄펰쿬쇋뮼헟뗄짺믮훊솿벰쇙훕잰뗄훎쇆뮤샭ꆣ납탔쳛춴뛔뮼헟뗄쟻쳥ꆢ뺫짱탄샭뫍짧믡죋볊맘쾵랽쏦뻹뿉닺짺늻춬돌뛈뗄펰쿬,듓뛸펰쿬뮼헟뗄짺믮훊솿,췗짆벰쪱뗘뷢뻶뮼헟뗄쳛춴,쫇룄짆납횢뮼헟짺믮훊솿뗄맘볼ꎬ튲맘쾵떽쓾퇸럾컱뗄훊솿ꆣ듓뇭23뗃돶ꎬ퓚훎쇆잰ꎬ훘뛈쳛춴늡죋뻓뛠캪2927죋ꎬ햼%ꎻ떫쫇뷓쫜쓾퇸럾컱틔뫳ꎬ훘뛈쳛춴늡죋캪49죋ꎬ햼%ꆣ 뇭23 2001쓪1퓂1죕-2009쓪12퓂31죕쓾퇸풺쳛춴늡죋훎쇆쟩뿶 쳛춴돌뛈ꎨ훎쇆잰 ?훎쇆뫳 NRSꎩ 샽쫽 릹돉뇈ꎨ%ꎩ 샽쫽 릹돉뇈ꎨ%ꎩ 훘뛈ꎨ7-10럖ꎩ 2927 49 훐뛈ꎨ4-6럖ꎩ 1244 445 쟡뛈ꎨ1-3럖ꎩ 162 2947 컞춴ꎨ0럖ꎩ 0 ?892 움볛튽풺뾪햹튻쿮튽쇆럾컱킧맻뗄뫃뮵ퟮ횱뷓뗄랽램뻍쫇맛달웤튵컱솿횸뇪쫇럱퓶복ꎬ틔쿂쫇2007쓪훁2009쓪쓾퇸풺폫튵컱솿폐맘뗄4쿮움볛횸뇪쫽뻝퓶복쟩뿶ꎨ볻뇭24ꎩ ꆪ33ꆪ
탂붮튽뿆듳톧튽톧쮶쪿톧캻싛컄?뇭24 쓾퇸풺2007ꆫ2009쓪릤ퟷ솿횸뇪뚯첬뇤뮯 쿮쒿뻸뛔퓶뎤솿 랢햹쯙뛈ꎨ%ꎩ 퓶뎤쯙뛈ꎨ%ꎩ 쓪럝 샽쫽 샛볆 훰쓪 뚨믹뇈 뮷뇈 뚨믹뇈 뮷뇈 뗧뮰톯 2007 4211 - - - - 2008 4538 327 327 2009 5258 1047 720 살럃뗇볇 2007 521 - - - - 2008 592 71 71 113ꎮ63 2009 708 187 116 돶헯죋듎 2007 913 - - - - 2008 1055 142 142 2009 1250 337 195 쏅헯죋듎 2007 5312 - - - - 2008 5892 580 580 ? 2009 7096 1784 1204 ꆪ34ꆪ
뷡†맻?쳖 싛1ꎮ튽풺뗄쓚ꆢ췢뮷뺳뛔튽풺ퟝ쿲튻쳥뮯햽싔뗄펰쿬 쯦ퟅ짧믡뺭볃뫍튽톧뿆톧뗄랢햹틔벰붡뾵맛쓮뫍튽쇆탨쟳뗄뇤뮯,튪쟳튽풺뇘탫룹뻝웤췢늿뮷뺳벰쓚늿풴뫍쓜솦뗄ힴ뿶ꎬ살뒴탂튽풺쳥훆ꆢ룯탂ퟩ횯뷡릹ꆢ뫏샭풴엤훃ꆢ췪짆맜샭훆뛈ꆢ쳡룟뺭펪킧싊벰펪퓬튽풺컄뮯,틔쫊펦컒맺튽쇆컀짺쳥훆룄룯뗄짮뮯,쳡짽튽풺뫋탄뺺헹솦ꆣ 췢늿뮷뺳뛔ퟝ쿲튻쳥뮯햽싔뗄펰쿬 춨맽뛔탂붮훗쇶뿆뗄튽풺췢늿뗄헾닟틲쯘ꆢ짧믡컄뮯틲쯘ꆢ벼쫵뮷뺳틲쯘뗈벸룶랽쏦뗄럖컶ꎬ맛달랢쿖뛔튽풺폐쿔훸펰쿬뗄췢늿뮷뺳틲쯘ꎬ늢퇐뺿럖컶뛔튽풺뿉쓜랢짺뗄펰쿬벰웤펰쿬맽돌ꎬ틔듋쳡룟뛔췢늿뮷뺳뗄믺믡뫍췾킲뗄죏쪶ꎬ듯떽힡믺믡ꎬ뇜뾪뫍뮯뷢췾킲ꎬ돤럖샻폃ퟔ짭폅쫆ꎬퟶ돶쿠펦햽싔뻶닟ꎬ듓뛸쳡룟튽풺뺭펪맜샭쮮욽뗄쒿뗄ꆣ 헾닟뮷뺳뗄쳘뗣 컒맺틑뺭뾪쪼훰붥뗷헻납횢럀뿘뗄헾닟뫍듫쪩ꎬ퓚납횢풤럀짏춶죫뗄죋솦ꆢ컯솦뫍닆솦뚼폐쇋듳럹뛈뗄퓶뎤ꎻ폫듋춬쪱튽놣룄룯뗄짮죫ꎬ죋죋쿭폐믹놾튽쇆놣헏죕쟷쏷샊뮯ꆣ틔짏헾닟뮷뺳뗄뇤뮯ꎬ듳듳복쟡쇋훗쇶뮼헟뗄벲늡뢺떣ꎬ췘햹쇋탂붮쒳훗쇶뿆튽풺뗄늡풴ꎬ뛔웤쪵쪩ퟝ쿲튻쳥뮯햽싔쳡릩쇋훘듳뗄믺폶ꆣ 짧믡뫍컄뮯뗄쳘뗣 21쫀볍ꎬ죋샠틑뺭뷸죫떽짺컯——탄샭——짧믡튽톧쒣쪽ꎬ컯훊짺믮쮮욽뗄쳡룟뫍컀짺탻뷌릤ퟷ뗘웕벰ꎬ쪹죋뛔훗쇶벲늡뗄훘쫓돌뛈퓶볓ꎬ훘쫓뗄랶캧튲평풺쓚헯훎퇓짬떽쇋잰쿲튻쳥뮯뫍뫳쿲튻쳥뮯뗄훮뛠뮷뷚ꆣ헢훖뛔훗쇶튽쇆럾컱뗄삩듳탨쟳캪튽쇆쫐뎡쳡릩쇋룼뛠뗄늡풱ꎬ춬쪱튲뛔튽쇆탐튵쳡돶쇋탂뗄튪쟳ꎬ튽풺튪쫊펦헢훖샭쓮뗄뇤ꎬ볓뿬짧믡튽톧ꆢ탐캪튽톧뗄랢햹ꎬ볓듳붡뾵탻뷌뗄솦뛈ꎬ쿲죋쏇웕벰튽톧ꆢ컀짺횪쪶ꎬ듳솦랢햹풤럀ꆢ뾵뢴뫍맃쾢훎쇆쫂튵ꆣ 쇭췢ꎬ평폚뮷뺳뗄컛좾ꆢ탂붮죋뿚엲헍폫샏쇤뮯쟷쫆ꎬ뛱탔훗쇶랢늡싊붫믡돊훰늽짏짽쟷쫆ꎬ탂붮뛱탔훗쇶튽쇆럾컱쫐뎡탨쟳믡퓶볓ꎬ헢뛔폚탂붮훗쇶튽풺듳솦랢햹풤럀ꆢ뾵뢴뫍맃쾢훎쇆쫂튵ꎬ뒴퓬ퟝ쿲튻쳥뮯틑쪱늻컒듽ꆣ 뺭볃뮷뺳쳘뗣 튽쇆탐튵뗄랢햹폫뺭볃뗄랢햹쫇쏜늻뿉럖ꆣ횻폐뺭볃뗄듳솦랢햹ꎬ죋쏇뿉횧엤쫕죫퓶볓ꎬ죋쏇닅쓜룼뛠뗄맘탄ퟔ벺뗄붡뾵ꎬ닅쓜폐잮좥럀늡ꆢ뾴늡뫍훎늡ꆣ평뇭1ꎬ컒쏇뿉틔뾴돶2000쓪훁2007쓪탂붮뻓쏱볒춥죋뻹튽쇆놣붡횧돶훐ꎬ돇헲뻓쏱뗄횧돶샛믽퓶뎤솿뫍훰붥퓶뎤솿럖뇰캪뫍ꎬ뚨믹랢햹쯙뛈뫍퓶뎤쯙뛈럖뇰ꆪ35ꆪ
탂붮튽뿆듳톧튽톧쮶쪿톧캻싛컄?캪%뫍%ꎬ뮷뇈랢햹쯙뛈뫍퓶뎤쯙뛈럖뇰캪%뫍%ꎬ듓랢햹쯙뛈뾴ꎬ탂붮뻓쏱볒춥죋뻹튽쇆놣붡횧돶돊훰쓪퓶볓쟷쫆ꆣ헢쮵쏷쯦ퟅ탂붮뺭볃쮮욽뗄랢햹ꎬ탂붮캴살뗄튽쇆쫐뎡믡늻뛏삩듳ꆣ 벼쫵쳘뗣 뛱탔훗쇶뮼헟퓶뛠 듓좫맺뛱탔훗쇶뗄쇷탐쟷쫆럖컶ꎬ웤컞싛랢늡싊뮹쫇쯀췶싊뻹돊쿔짏짽쟷쫆ꎬ쯹틔풤럀쪤폚훎쇆ꆣ춨맽뗷헻릫릲컀짺풴뫍닟싔ꎬ햽싔잰틆ꎬ냑훘뗣듓훎쇆쿲풤럀ꎬ뾪햹믽벫폐킧뗄풤뺯ꆢ퓧헯벰룉풤퇐뺿ꎬ틔붵뗍훗쇶랢늡싊뫍쳡룟훎폺싊ꎬ틑돉캪좫쟲훗쇶퇐뺿릤ퟷ헟뗄릲쪶ꆣ 탂붮쒳훗쇶뿆튽풺뎣볻뛱탔훗쇶럖늼쳘헷살뾴ꎬ웤2003쓪1퓂——2008쓪12퓂뗄냋훖뛱탔훗쇶힡풺뮼헟쫽솿헻쳥짏돊퓶뎤쟷쫆ꎬ욽뻹퓶뎤싊캪%ꎬ뷏룃풺1993——2002쓪뗄욽뻹퓶뎤싊%퓶볓쇋%[27]ꆣ웤ퟮ훷튪풭틲쫇컒맺훗쇶랢늡싊뗄퓶볓ꎻ웤듎쫇평룃풺튽풺맦쒣뫍튽쇆럾컱냫뺶삩듳ꆢ펪쿺샭쓮뗄룄뇤ꎨ쿂쿧틥헯ꆢ쏢럑엠통믹닣튽짺ꆢ폫믹닣튽풺붨솢킭ퟷ맘쾵ꎩꆢ맜샭믺훆뗄췪짆ꎨ붨솢튵ퟩ뎤뢺퓰훆ꎩ뫍뾪햹톧뿆붨짨뗈튻쾵쇐믮뚯쯹닺짺뗄킧맻ꎻ룃풺뛱탔훗쇶힡풺늡죋늡훖쮳캻폫웤쯻뗘쟸폐늻춬[28] [29]ꎬ폫룃풺1993——2002쓪뗄뷡맻뇤뮯늻듳[27]ꆣ얮탔짺횳뫍죩랿뛱탔훗쇶쫇캣몦탂붮얮탔붡뾵뫍짺쏼뗄솽듳즱쫖ꎬ룃풺펦룃볓잿탻뒫얮탔쳘폐훗쇶럀훎횪쪶뫍즸닩ꆣ돽얮탔짺횳뫍죩쿙뛱탔훗쇶췢ꎬ웤쯻뛱탔훗쇶뻹캪쓐탔뛠폚얮탔ꎬ폫맺쓚뷼웚쿠맘놨뗀뷡맻튻훂ꆣ쓐탔뫍얮탔늡훖쮳캻업쇐폫룃풺1993-2002쓪뗄쟩뿶쿠뇈[27]ꎬ쓐탔늡훖쮳캻믹놾튻훂ꎻ얮탔쮳캻뇤뚯뫜듳ꎬ얮탔쪳맜납퓚룃풺1993——2002쓪캻뻓뗚죽ꎬ퓚놾컄훐캻뻓뗚쇹ꎻ룃풺냋훖뛱탔훗쇶업쇐쮳캻짏쯄룶쏱ퟥ횮볤폐뷏듳닮뇰ꆣ퓚몺ꆢ캬ꆢ믘뫍맾ퟥ훐캻뻓쫗캻뗄뛱탔훗쇶럖뇰쫇캪럎ꆢ얮탔짺횳웷맙ꆢ죩랿뫍쪳맜뛱탔훗쇶ꎬ헢뷡맻폫룃풺1993-2002쓪뗄뷡맻쿠컇뫏ꎻ쇹쓪볤쯄룶쏱ퟥ훐뗄냋훖뛱탔훗쇶힡풺늡죋쫽쯤좻퓚ퟜ쳥짏돊퓶뎤쟷쫆ꎬ떫쫇퓚쎿쓪쯄룶쏱ퟥ뗄룷룶늡훖힡풺죋쫽뚼돶쿖늻춬돌뛈뗄뢺퓶뎤쿖쿳ꎬ웤훷튪풭틲쫇룃늡훖늡샽믹쫽킡ꎬ퓶복늻컈뚨ꎬ뢡뚯뷏듳ꎻ쇹쓪볤냋훖뛱탔훗쇶40—69쯪뗄힡풺늡죋ퟮ뛠ꎬ릲볆17959샽ꎬ햼쇋ퟜ쫽뗄%ꆣ퓚뷸탐럀훎쪱ꎬ40—69쯪죋좺펦룃ퟷ캪릤ퟷ훘뗣ꆣ퓚룷쓪쇤ퟩ훐캻뻓쫗캻뗄늡훖럖뇰쫇ꎺ퓚ꎼ20쯪ퟩ쫇쇜냍납ꎬ릹돉뇈캪%ꎻ퓚20—29쯪ퟩꆢ30—39쯪ퟩ벰50—59쯪ퟩ쫇얮탔짺횳웷맙뛱탔훗쇶ꎬ릹돉뇈럖뇰캪%ꆢ%뫍%ꎬ퓚40—49쯪ퟩ쫇죩랿뛱탔훗쇶ꎬ릹돉뇈캪%ꎻ퓚60—69쯪ퟩꆢ70—79쯪ퟩ벰80쯪틔짏ퟩ쫇럎뛱탔훗쇶ꎬ릹돉뇈럖뇰캪%ꆢ%뫍%ꎻ폫룃풺1993—2002쓪뗄뷡맻믹놾튻훂[27]ꆣ ꆪ36ꆪ
쳖†싛? 훎쇆뷡맻늻샖맛뫍탂붮뛱탔훗쇶늡죋힡풺뺭볃뢺떣훘 룹뻝1973—1975쓪좫맺죋뿚쯀틲믘맋뗷닩벰1990튻1992쓪1/10돩퇹죋뿚쯀틲믘맋뗷닩쇏튽ꎬ20쫀볍70튻90쓪듺훗쇶쯀췶싊벰뗷헻쯀췶싊뗄뇤뮯볻뇭1벰뇭2ꆣ20쫀볍90쓪듺돵ꎬ컒맺쎿쓪쯀폚납횢뗄늡샽쫽풼130췲ꎬ맀볆랢늡쫽풼160췲ꎬ쯀틲릹돉캪%ꎬ뷶듎폚뫴컼쾵춳벲늡ꎬ뻓뗚뛾캻ꆣ캸납쯀췶싊죔뻓훗쇶쯀췶횮쫗ꎬ틔쿂틀듎캪룎납ꆢ럎납벰쪳맜납ꎬ웤퓚훗쇶훐뗄쯀틲릹돉럖뇰캪%ꆢ%ꆢ%벰%ꎬ뫏볆햼훗쇶쯀틲뗄%ꆣ럖컶짏쫶쇏뿉횪ꎬ컒맺훗쇶퓚맽좥뗄30쓪볤ꎬ컒맺훗쇶쯀췶싊돊쏷쿔짏짽쟷쫆ꎻ퓚캴살뗄20—30쓪ꎬ컒맺훗쇶쯀췶싊붫볌탸짏짽ꎬ늢붫돉캪벲늡럀훎훐뗄훷튪컊쳢ꆣ쇭췢컒맺룟랢납웗튲돊쏷쿔뇤뮯쟷쫆ꆣ20쫀볍70쓪듺훷튪훗쇶캻듎캪캸납ꆢ쪳맜납ꆢ룎납ꆢ럎납벰리뺱납ꎬ2000쓪퇝뇤캪럎납ꆢ룎납ꆢ캸납ꆢ쪳맜납벰뷡횱뎦납ꆣ쯀췶싊쿂붵ퟮ쏷쿔뗄캪리뺱납ꎬ짏짽ퟮ쏷쿔뗄캪럎납ꎻ쇭췢ꎬ뷡횱뎦납벰죩쿙납뗄짏짽쟷쫆틠늻죝뫶쫓ꆣ컒맺헽뒦폚평랢햹훐맺볒룟랢납웗쿲랢듯맺볒룟랢납웗뗄맽뛉쪱웚ꎬ뿉쓜탎돉랢햹훐맺볒폫랢듯맺볒룟랢납웗늢듦뗄뻖쏦ꎬ벴훗쇶랢늡뗄“쮫훘뢺떣”ꆣ ퟜ쳥뛸퇔ꎬ컒쏇튪쿫뿘훆납횢뗄캣몦ꎬ놣헏맣첫죋쏱좺훚뗄짺쏼뫍붡뾵ꎬ뻍뇘탫퓚힢훘납횢헯훎퇐뺿뗄춬쪱ꎬ튲훘쫓납횢뗄풤럀릤ퟷꎬ훆뚨럀훎맦뮮뫍뛔닟ꎬ얬솦붵뗍납횢뗄랢늡싊ꆣ컒맺훗쇶럀훎릤ퟷ짐뒦폚돵쪼뷗뛎ꎬ맽좥훮뛠얬솦쯤좻캪좫맺훗쇶럀훎릤ퟷ뗬뚨쇋믹뒡ꎬ짵믲쪹쒳튻뗘쟸믲쒳튻훗쇶뗄헯훎쮮욽폐쇋쳡룟ꎬ떫풶늻ퟣ틔펰쿬좫맺훗쇶랢짺벰쯀췶싊뗄뇤뮯ꆣ뺿웤풭틲ꎬ쫗쿈쫇평폚폃폚훗쇶풤럀릤ퟷ뗄춶죋퇏훘늻ퟣꆣ 뇭5쿔쪾췭웚뛱탔훗쇶늡죋뗄훎쇆럑폃룟ꎬ볒춥횱뷓뺭볃뢺떣훘ꎬ뻝폐맘퇐뺿놨뗀ꎬ췭웚뛱탔훗쇶뗄짧쟸볒춥늡뒲뗄죕뻹튽쇆럑폃뷶캪뛾벶튽풺뗄4%ퟳ폒[30]ꎬ틲듋ꎬ캪뷚풼폐쿞튽쇆풴ꎬ쳡룟컀짺풴뗄샻폃킧싊ꎬ듓컀짺헾닟짏펦룃횧돖튽풺뾪햹뛱탔훗쇶뗄맃쾢훎쇆ꎬ쳡뎫췭웚납횢늡죋믘맩짧쟸ꆢ믘맩볒춥ꆣ 쓚늿풴뛔탂붮쒳훗쇶뿆튽풺쪵쪩ퟝ쿲튻쳥뮯햽싔뗄펰쿬 뿆욷없폅쫆 튽풺욷없쫇퓚튽쇆믮뚯훐탎돉뗄ꎬ쯼쯤늻쓜룄뇤튽쇆믮뚯놾짭ꎬ떫뿉틔퓚뮼헟뫍짧믡훐헒떽튻룶솢ퟣ뗣믲햼쇬튻룶폐샻뗘캻ꎬ튲뻍쫇쟳뗃뮼헟죏횪ꎬ늢뮯캪컼틽뮼헟튽쇆탐캪뗄틽떼솦ꆣ뎤웚틔살퓚뮼헟탄쒿훐ꎬ뛱탔훗쇶쫴뒫춳틢틥짏뗄듳늡ꎬ톡퓱훎쇆뇈뷏뷷짷ꎬ쫜횪쏻뛈ꆢ튽쇆벼쫵쮮욽ꆢ튽풺맦쒣ꆢ욷없뗈틲쯘펰쿬뷏듳ꆣ탂붮쒳훗쇶뿆튽풺뛠쓪살릥뛱탔훗쇶ꎬ틔훗쇶훎쇆뗄튵뮯ꆢ맦랶뮯뗄튽풺탎쿳뫍짧믡탎쿳ꎬ뻟폐뷏룟뗄횪쏻뛈뫍쏀폾뛈ꎬ쪹웤퓚쪵쪩잰쿲뫍뫳쿲튻쳥뮯쿠맘튽쇆럾컱쪱ꎬ쓜릻틽떼뮼헟뗄뻍튽좡쿲ꎬ컼틽뮼헟럅탄쟳훎ꎬ듓뛸뗃떽맣듳짧믡좺훚뗄죏뿉뫍탅삵ꆣ ꆪ37ꆪ
탂붮튽뿆듳톧튽톧쮶쪿톧캻싛컄? 훗쇶톧뿆뫍튵죋닅폅쫆 탂붮쒳훗쇶뿆튽풺뻟놸쪵쪩ퟝ쿲튻쳥뮯튽쇆럾컱뗄쯹폐톧뿆뫍튵벼쫵죋닅ꆣ퓚뾪햹잰쿲뫍뫳쿲튻쳥뮯럾컱쪱ꎬ튽풺뿉틔룹뻝늡훖뫏샭럖엤뮼헟ꎬ룹뻝웤뻟쳥쟩뿶살쳡릩쿠맘튵뗄죋풱뷸탐럾컱ꎬ듓뛸듯떽쾸뮯럾컱ꎬ놣횤튽쇆훊솿뗄킧맻ꆣ 2ꎮퟝ쿲튻쳥뮯훗쇶럾컱쒣쪽퓚웤쯼훗쇶뿆튽풺뾪햹믹놾쟩뿶 듓뗷닩뷡맻뾴ꎬ룷볒튽풺뗄잰쿲튻쳥뮯럾컱뾪햹쟩뿶쏷쿔뫃폚뫳쿲튻쳥뮯럾컱뾪햹쟩뿶ꆣ퓚닩퓄뗄쿠맘컄쿗훐ꎬ훆풼훗쇶뿆튽풺뫳쿲튻쳥뮯랢햹뗄틲쯘뫜뛠ꆣ쫗쿈,훐맺죋뗄뒫춳맛쓮쫇훆풼웤뗄춻돶틲쯘횮튻ꆣ볉첸쯀췶,붩뮯뗄쯀췶맛쓮ꆢ뒫춳뗄킢뗀맛쪹훐맺죋룹놾늻풸틢뷓쫜“맃쾢” [31]ꆣ퓚Xin뗈[32]ퟶ뗄튻쿮뗷닩랢쿖,늡죋볒쫴듳뛠잿쇒랴뛔붫늡쟩뫍풤뫳룦횪늡죋,늻쟐쪵볊뗄웚췻ꆢ몦엂늡죋룼볓쓑맽ꆢ튽짺늻쟩풸춣횹훎쇆탔룉풤쫇쪵쪩맃쾢뮤샭뗄헏낭ꆣ웤듎,컒맺뗄튽쇆컀짺쳥훆뮹뒦폚“뾴늡쓑,뾴늡맳”뗄뷗뛎,컀짺풴뻸듳늿럖벯훐퓚튽풺,짧쟸놣붡뫍볒춥뮤샭뒦폚웰늽뷗뛎,튽쇆믺릹뫍짧쟸볒춥솪쾵늻쏜쟐,맃쾢맘뮳뮹캴헦헽뗃떽짧믡뗄죏뿉[33]ꆣ 3ꎮퟝ쿲튻쳥뮯폐샻폚퓶잿훗쇶뿆튽풺뺺헹폅쫆 뷚풼돉놾 뛔튽풺뛸퇔ꎬ퓚뷸탐튽쇆럾컱뗄맽돌훐냩쯦ퟅ뿉뇤짺닺튪쯘(죧컀짺닄쇏ꆢ튩욷)뫍만뚨짺닺튪쯘(죧튽쇆짨놸뫍뒲캻)뗄쿻뫄ꆣ쯦ퟅ튽쇆럾컱솿뗄퓶볓ꎬ튽쇆럾컱뗄욽뻹만뚨돉놾퓚붵뗍ꎬ튽풺뻍쓜틔뷏킡뗄춶죫믱좡뷏듳뗄닺돶ꎬ쯹틔튽풺튲튪폐튻뚨뗄맦쒣ꎬ틔돤럖샻폃컀짺풴ꎬ쳡룟컀짺럾컱뗄킧싊ꆣ탂붮쒳훗쇶뿆튽풺뗄ퟝ쿲튻쳥뮯햽싔붫튻킩폫훗쇶쿠맘뗄튽쇆럾컱퓚쪱볤믲뿕볤짏뫏늢ꎬ뿉틔퓶잿뮼헟뻍튽뗄솬탸탔ꎬ복짙틲뻍튽뛏탸뛸틽웰뗄돉놾ꎻퟝ쿲튻쳥뮯뇣폚랢믓쓚늿뿘훆뫍킭뗷폅쫆[34]ꎬ죧맻ꋲ벶풤럀뗄탨쟳헟쫽솿폐놣헏ꎬ뻍뿉틔복짙튽풺죋솦풴돉놾ꆢ볬닩짨놸짨훃쪱볤ꎬ엌믮쇋컀짺풴ꎬ냑럖즢뗄풴헻뫏웰살맜샭ꎬ뿉틔퓶잿풤웚탔ꆢ볆뮮탔ꎬ쇭췢ꎬ튻쳥뮯튲쪹뗃튽풺뗄탂쿮쒿ꆢ탂럾컱뇈뷏죝틗놻탨쟳랽죏춬뫍뷓쫜ꎬ훗쇶럇킡늡ꎬ죋쏇퓚풤럀ꆢ퓧웚헯뛏ꆢ뾵뢴훎쇆룷룶뮷뷚훐폫풺쓚헯뛏뫍훎쇆튻퇹,뛔튽풺뫍튽짺듦퓚ퟅ잿쇒뗄맦쒣뫍욷없틢쪶,ퟝ쿲튻쳥뮯뿉틔붫돉놾뷏룟뗄폃폚췢늿펪쿺뗄폃탔닺뇤캪돉놾뷏뗍뗄폃폚쓚늿붻틗뗄춨폃탔닺ꎬ뮹뿉틔뷸탐욷없첯놡ꎬ듓뛸붵뗍튽풺닺폃탔뗄돉놾뫍퓚튽풺쓚늿쪵쿖맦쒣뺭볃뫍랶캧뺭볃[35]ꎻퟮ뫳ퟝ쿲튻쳥뮯뮹뿉틔뷚풼쫐뎡탅쾢돉놾ꎬ틲캪튻쳥뮯틔뫳ꎬ튽풺뛔쫐뎡뗄볠뿘뫍풤닢뿉틔벯훐뷸탐ꎬ헢폐샻폚쳡룟뮼헟뻍튽럾컱뗄킧싊ꆢ훗쇶럾컱뗄튵쮮욽뫍뮼헟뗄틀삵탔ꆣ 뮯뷢뮼헟“뾴늡맳”뗄톹솦ꆢ듙뷸튽쇆벼쫵뾪랢 듓벼쫵뮷뺳럖컶뗃돶ꎬ평폚뛱탔훗쇶늡죋뗄늡돌뎤ꆢ훎쇆뢴퓓ꆢ킧맻늻샭쿫ꎬ늡죋퓚힡풺쪱쯹닺짺뗄뎣맦튽쇆럑폃웤쯼벲늡튪쿠뛔뷏룟ꆣ튻쳥뮯뗄쪵쪩쪹튽쇆ꆪ38ꆪ
쳖†싛?풴잰짬ꎬ뛔뮼헟뛸퇔ꎬ폃뇈뷏볲틗뗄ꆢ컞뒴짋뗄ꆢ쇩쏴뛈뫍쳘틬뛈뷏룟뗄ꆢ뷏볛솮뗄랽램뫍짨놸ꎬ뻍뿉틔쳡잰랢쿖벲늡늢룄짆웤붡뾵ힴ뿶ꆣ뫳쿲튻쳥뮯뿉틔쳡룟뮼헟뗄샭탔쿻럑ꎬ틲캪뛱탔훗쇶뻍쒿잰뗄튽쇆벼쫵뫍쫖뛎짏늻쓜훎폺ꎬ뫳쿲튻쳥뮯뗄쪵쪩뿉틔쪹뮼헟볒쫴헽좷죏쪶쯀췶ꎬ뇜쏢맽뛈훎쇆ꎬ퓬돉튽쇆풴샋럑ꎬ폫듋춬쪱뮹뿉틔쳡룟뮼헟뗄짺듦훊솿ꎬ붵뗍웤쟗폑뗄낧짋돌뛈ꆣ ퟝ쿲튻쳥뮯뗄쪵쪩폐킧뗘싺ퟣ쇋뛠닣듎뗄뮼헟탨쟳ꎬ놣횤쇋튽짺폫뮼헟뷸탐폐킧뗄릵춨뫍쇋뷢ꎬ쪹튽풺룼뛠뗘뫍룼벰쪱뗘쇋뷢뮼헟탨쟳뗄벼쫵뫍럾컱ꎬ폐샻폚튽풺뗄벼쫵뒴탂뫍뾪랢ꆣ 쳡룟뷸죫뇚생 횻튪튻룶탐튵폐샻죳ꎬ뻍믡컼틽탂뗄뷸죫헟[36]ꆣ쯦ퟅ튽쇆쫐뎡럅뾪ꆢ룣믮ꎬ튽풺뺭펪틢쪶뗄퓶잿,튽쇆쫐뎡뗄뺺헹튲죕쟷벤쇒ꆣ늡죋쫇튽풺짺듦뗄믹뒡,훗쇶늡죋평폚웤룟낺뗄훎쇆럑폃틔벰죋쏇듭뻵뗄“럡뫱샻죳”,돉캪룷튽풺볤뺺헹뗄훷튪뛔쿳ꆣ훚뛠튽쇆떥캻럗럗닉폃웤뫏램믲늻헽떱뗄쫖뛎틔헹좡늡죋ꆣ탭뛠ퟛ뫏튽풺돉솢쇋훗쇶뿆,늻짙튽풺늻맋웤놾짭뗄벼쫵솦솿뗈ힴ뿶릺싲떥튻뗄훗쇶훎쇆짨놸,뛔훗쇶뿆튽풺퓬돉쇋뻞듳돥믷[37]ꆣ떫쫇듓쪵쪩ퟝ쿲튻쳥뮯럖컶ꎬ웤늻뷶뾪뇙쇋탂뗄럾컱쇬폲ꎬ뛸쟒뛔풭살뗄럾컱쳥쾵뷸탐쇋폅뮯뫍뗷헻ꎬ욾뷨웤뒴탂뗄럾컱샭쓮ꆢ탛뫱뗄튵벼쫵뛸쯜퓬뗄솼뫃튽풺탎쿳ꎬ컼틽짧믡뗄힢틢ꎬ첫룟룃훗쇶탐튵뗄뷸죫뇚생ꆣ 붨솢닮틬뮯ꆢ삩듳쫐뎡햼폐싊 쒿잰컒맺훗쇶튽쇆뗄잰쿲뫍뫳쿲튻쳥뮯럾컱훐,짐컞헽쪽뗄뛀솢힢닡뺭펪뗄튽쇆컀짺믺릹돶쿖[38],듓돉놾쫕틦럖컶뿉틔뷢쫍웤풭틲ꆣ틔잰쿲튻쳥뮯뮷뷚캪샽,퓚쒿잰튽쇆샻틦럖엤믺훆쿂,훗쇶풤럀뫍퓧웚헯뛏뗄쪵볊킧틦살풴폚ퟔ짭뗄맦쒣뺭볃뫍쿂폎튽풺뗄샻죳틆ꆣ튪듯떽맦쒣뇘탫퓚만뚨닺ꆢ죋솦풴ꆢ맜샭쓜솦짏폐듳솿뗄잰웚춶죫,뛸튽쇆럾컱놾짭뗄쳘뗣폖뻶뚨쇋룷훖춶죫탨튪쿠떱뎤쪱볤뗄쒥뫏웚닅쓜폐킧헻뫏,튻킩쳘쫢뗄튽쇆풴죧헯뛏뫍훎쇆뗄뺭퇩뗄뢴훆쓑뛈듳,뛌웚쓚쓑틔듯떽뇘탨뗄맦쒣ꆣ“닮틬뮯”뻍쫇뛀쳘탔ꆢ늻뿉쳦듺탔[39] [40]ꆣ 듓뮼헟볛횵솴뗄뷇뛈뾴ꎬ훗쇶튽풺뗄튻킩닮틬뮯폅쫆살ퟔ훗쇶풤럀ꆢ훗쇶헯훎뫍쓾퇸럾컱ꆣ튽풺춨맽뾪햹ꋲ벶풤럀뫍쓾퇸럾컱뗄튻쳥뮯ꎬ뿉틔붫헢킩닮틬뮯폅쫆쓚늿뮯ꎬ듓뛸뇤돉튻쳥뮯뗄훗쇶튽쇆럾컱폅쫆ꎬ쪹“듳뿆ꆢ킡ퟛ뫏”돌뛈룼볓쏷쿔ꎻ쇭췢ꎬퟝ쿲튻쳥뮯튲폐샻폚튽풺쪵쿖쓚늿뗄랶캧뺭볃[41]ꆣ뛔튽풺살쮵ꎬ랶캧뺭볃폫맦쒣뺭볃튻퇹튲쫇튻훖슢뛏탔뺺헹폅쫆ꎬ탂붮쒳훗쇶뿆튽풺쪵쪩ퟝ쿲튻쳥뮯햽싔뿉틔믱뗃쓚늿뗄랶캧뺭볃뫍맦쒣뺭볃뗄뺺헹폅쫆ꎬ평듋퓶잿ퟔ벺뗄슢뛏탔뺺헹폅쫆ꆣ 4ꎮ믹폚ퟝ쿲튻쳥뮯햽싔뗄튽풺튵컱쪵쪩킧맻 쳥볬훐탄뫍틥헯믮뚯뗄킧맻럖컶 쳥볬훐탄ퟔ돉솢틔살ꎬ훷튪뾪햹쇋붡뾵쳥볬ꆢ볒쏅헯ꆢ쳘탨튽쇆ꆢ풤럀놣붡ꆪ39ꆪ
탂붮튽뿆듳톧튽톧쮶쪿톧캻싛컄?튻쳵쇺럾컱뫍붡뾵맜샭튻쳥뮯뗄럾컱ꆣ뗷닩뇭쏷ꎬ쇹쓪볤쳥볬훐탄뗄틑쿲짧믡쳡릩41064죋듎뗄튽쇆놣붡뫍붡뾵맜샭럾컱ꎬ캪싺ퟣ죋쏱좺훚늻춬닣듎뫍뛠퇹뮯뗄튽쇆놣붡탨쟳ퟷ돶쇋릱쿗ꆣ떫쫇ꎬ쳥볬훐탄뛔벲늡뗄럧쿕틲쯘움맀ꆢ붡뾵맦뮮ꆢ붡뾵횸떼뫍붡뾵뷌폽뗈뇭쿖놡죵ꎬ뛔볠닢붡뾵믲퇇붡뾵뗄탂벼쫵믲탂짨놸뇭쿖업돢믲뮳틉ꎬ훂쪹붡뾵맜샭럾컱늻떽캻믲랢햹쫜쿞ꆣ틲듋ꎬ훐탄펦룃훘쫓뛔좫쳥붡뾵맜샭듓튵죋풱뗄틔죋캪놾ꎬ짏튽훎캴늡뗄샭쓮룼탂ꎬ잿뗷붫붡뾵뷌폽폫죋탔뮯럾컱죚캪튻쳥ꎬ춨맽쎿룶죋뗄릤ퟷꎬ실쪵늢맡뒩폚쳥볬뗄좫맽돌[42]ꆣ 훗쇶뿆튽풺랢햹쳥볬훐탄뗄훘튪폅쫆돽쇋폐튽풺뗄튽쇆놣붡죋솦ꆢ컯솦뫍벼쫵풴뗄잿듳뫳뛜폫횧돖췢ꎬ룼훘튪뗄쫇폐튽풺뛠쓪탎돉뗄훗쇶뿆욷없짹폾뫍펰쿬솦ꆣ헢훖틲튽풺욷없펰쿬솦뛸탎돉뗄늡죋벰웤볒쫴뗄탅죎뛈뫍컼틽솦ꎬ쫇쳥볬훐탄ퟮ횱뷓뗄뿍뮧좺쳥뫍ퟮ뻟폐잱솦뗄쫐뎡ꎬ튲쫇컞뫳탸튽쇆럾컱놣헏뗄뛀솢쳥볬믺릹컞램뇈쓢뗄튻룶폅쫆ꆣ 캪싺ퟣ맣듳좺훚죕틦퓶뎤뗄붡뾵탨쟳ꎬ맘탄룷ퟥ얮탔뗄짭쳥붡뾵ꎬ웕벰얮탔컀짺붡뾵횪쪶ꎬ쳡룟룷ퟥ얮탔짭쳥쯘훊ꎬ캪놣헏탂붮얮탔짭쳥붡뾵ꎬ튽풺춨맽뾪햹톲믘틥헯붡뾵횪쪶탻뷌믮뚯ꎬ볡돖풤럀캪훷ꎬ틔얩듥캪훘뗣뗄컀짺릤ퟷ랽헫캪맣듳좺훚붨솢랽뇣ꆢ뿬뷝ꆢ룟킧뗄쳥볬믮뚯ꎬ듓뛸뷸튻늽펮뗃탅죎뫍죏춬ꆣ퓚쪵쪩맽돌훐ꎬ춨맽뛔떱뗘냙탕뗄웕닩뫍붡뾵뷌폽ꎬ죃믹닣좺훚쓜벰쪱쇋뷢떽ퟔ짭뗄붡뾵ힴ뿶뫍늻솼뗄틻쪳ꆢ짺믮쾰맟폫뮷뺳훂납틲쯘틔벰쒳킩납횢뗄룟랢죋좺벰늿럖납횢뗄퓧웚탅뫅ꎬ평폚뮼헟헆컕쇋뛔쒳킩납횢뗄퓧웚횢ힴ뫍뛔납횢뗄죏쪶ꎬ쪹벲늡쓜뺡퓧뗃떽헯훎ꆣ뛸쟒ꎬ늻폃떽듳돇쫐뗄튽풺뻍헯ꎬ쓜뻍뷼뗃떽볬닩ꎬ벫듳뗘랽뇣쇋떱뗘냙탕ꎬ튲복쟡쇋늡죋뫍볒쫴췢돶뻍튽뗄뺭볃뢺떣[43]ꆣ 뛔폚튽풺살쮵ꎬ퓚튻뚨랶캧쓚뛔튽쇆쫐뎡뷸탐쇋뗷퇐뫍럖컶ꎬ뫜뫃뗄쫕벯쇋쿻럑헟뗄룷훖틢볻ꎬ쳡짽쇋튽풺횪쏻뛈ꎬ쫐뎡햼폐싊늻뛏삩듳ꎬ듙뷸쇋뢾뿆뫍죩쿙뿆뗄튵컱솿퓶뎤ꎬ뫜뫃뗄붨솢쇋튻룶놾튽풺쟸뇰폚웤쯻뺺헹뛔쫖뗄뛀쳘탎쿳ꎬ볓잿쇋폫믹닣튽풺뗄킭ퟷ맘쾵ꆣ 뛔튽뮤죋풱살쮵춨맽뛔떱뗘튽컱죋풱뗄엠통뫍횸떼ꎬ쪹쓪쟡볒뗄ퟔ짭튵컱쮮욽튲뗃떽쇋쿠펦뗄쳡룟ꎬ럡뢻쇋튽컱죋풱뗄뿆퇐횪쪶ꎬ벤랢쇋튽컱죋풱뗄뿆퇐죈쟩ꆣ퓚릤ퟷ뗄맽돌훐ꎬ춨맽폫좺훚릵춨ꎬ뛔떱뗘뗄죋컄뮷뺳ꆢ냙탕뗄짺믮쾰맟뗄쇋뷢ꎬ랢쿖쇋떱뗘늿럖납횢뗄룟랢죋좺ꎬ뾪햹쇋폐헫뛔탔잿뗄뿆퇐릤ퟷꎬ뛔돉릦짪놨쇋맺볒벶뫍ퟔ훎쟸맺볒ퟔ좻뿆톧뿎쳢웰떽튻뚨믽벫뗄ퟷ폃ꎬ볓뿬쇋뒴붨톧쾰탍튽풺뗄늽랥ꎬ뿆벼뷸늽쿔훸ꆣ 떫쫇ꎬ튲폐튻킩컊쳢?듽룄뷸ꎺꎨ1ꎩ퓚릤ퟷ쪵쪩훐,뎣뎣믡돶쿖웕닩죝틗,웕훎쓑,뫜뛠뮼헟뚼뛔ퟔ벺뗄웕닩뷡맻쒪늻맘탄,튽풺뇘탫헫뛔헢훖쟩뿶,냑웕닩ꆢ웕훎ꆢ웕뷌폐믺뗘뷡뫏웰살ꆣ평웕닩죋풱듸ퟅ웕닩뷡맻,뛔웕닩훐돶쿖뗄룷훖벲늡뷸탐벯쳥탻뷌,ꆪ40ꆪ
쳖†싛?틔쳡룟웕훎킧맻,튲쪹맣듳뢾얮뚼쳡룟ퟔ컒럀늡뗄쓜솦ꆣꎨ2ꎩ믮뚯룕룕뾪쪼뾪햹ꎬ튻킩릤ퟷ뮹늻췪짆ꆣ퓚붨솢웕닩죋좺붡뾵떵낸쪱ꎬ평폚뗇볇뗄릤ퟷ솿뷏훘뫍좱랦뿆톧폐킧뗄뗇볇랽램ꎬ죝틗돶쿖슩놨쟩뿶ꎬ펰쿬쇋훗쇶랢늡뗇볇뗄훊솿ꆣ(3)럀납붡뾵뷌폽늻릻짮뿌ꎬ쯼쫇튻쿮엓듳뗄좺훚탔짧믡릤ퟷꎬ뇘탫뚯풱좫짧믡뗄쏜쟐엤뫏뫍닎폫ꆣ쳘뇰쫇탂컅쎽쳥뗄릫틦탻뒫뇘탫룸폨헽쏦뗄횸떼ꎬ튽풺퓚톡퓱탻뒫춾뺶ꎬ늻쓜횻쫇뻖쿞폚붡뾵탻뒫쫖닡ꆣꎨ4ꎩ폐뇘튪춨맽붨솢“틀췐훗쇶럀훎킭ퟷ췸싧쳥쾵ꆢ맒뾿훗쇶럀훎튵톧쫵캯풱믡ꆢ솪뫏돇쿧훗쇶믲럇훗쇶튵튽쪦”뗄탂탍훗쇶튽풺룅쓮벰맜샭쳥쾵ꎬ살쪵쿖튽쇆컀짺풴ꆢ탅쾢짨놸뫍탅쾢럾컱릲쿭뫍돤럖샻폃ꎬ춬쪱훆뚨퇏룱뗄뎣볻훗쇶헯훎맦랶ꆢ훗쇶헯훎훊뿘뇪ힼ뫍훗쇶튽쪦ힼ죋훆뛈ꎬ엠통뫏룱벰튵뗄훗쇶튽쪦ꆣ 쓾퇸럾컱뗄킧맻럖컶 쓾퇸튽쇆럾컱쫇튻훖럑폃뗍솮ꆢ쫜믝쏦맣ꆢ킧맻쿔훸뗄쇙훕맘뮳럾컱랽램ꎬ횵뗃뷸튻늽췆맣펦폃[44]ꆣ쓾퇸럾컱뿉틔붵뗍늿럖쒩웚뮼헟뗄튽쇆돉놾ꎬ쒳훖돌뛈튲뿉복짙튽풺늻뇘튪뗄횧돶[45]ꆣ뺭쪵쪩쓾퇸럾컱뫳,뮼헟뗄짺믮훊솿뗃떽쇋쏷쿔뗄룄짆,쳛춴횢ힴ훰붥복쟡,늢쓜틔믽벫뗄펦뛔랽쪽엤뫏튽뮤죋풱뷸탐훎쇆ꆣ쇭췢,쓾퇸럾컱뮹폐샻폚퓶뷸뮤쪿폫뮼헟볒쫴뗄맘쾵,냯훺뮼헟볒쫴복쟡놯춴,쪹볒쫴쓜릻첹좻뗘돐쫜쟗죋쯀췶뗄쫂쪵,뺡뿬듓놯춴훐뷢췑돶살ꆣ뛔췭웚납횢뮼헟쪵쪩쇙훕맘뮳,쪹뮼헟탄쇩뗃떽ퟮ듳뗄낲캿,놣횤뮼헟틔믽벫샖맛뗄ꆢ붡뾵첹좻뗄탄샭뷓쫜훎쇆,듓뛸쳡룟뮼헟뗄짺믮훊솿,쪹뮼헟룐쫜떽ퟰ훘뫍맘뮳,쓜낲쿩뛸욽뫍뗘ퟟ췪죋짺뗄ퟮ뫳싃돌ꆣ쓾퇸럾컱폐킧뗘복쟡쇋뮼헟쳛춴뗄돌뛈,쿻돽쇋쯀췶룸뮼헟듸살뗄뿖뻥폫뻸췻쟩탷,듓뛸쪹뮼헟탅탄퓶볓,늢쓜릻놣돖솼뫃뗄탄첬엤뫏쓾퇸럾컱뗄뷸튻늽쪵쪩ꆣ 쓾퇸럾컱쫇튽쇆컀짺쾵춳뗄솢쳥뮯쾵춳,탨튪평튽뮤죋풱ꆢ짧믡톧헟ꆢ탄샭톧헟ꆢ싗샭톧헟ꆢ싉쪦ꆢ횾풸죋풱뫍ퟚ뷌죋쪿뗈릲춬닎폫,쫇튻룶뛠풪탔뗄짧믡럾컱믺릹[46] [47]ꆣ캪쇋듯떽쪹늡죋“폅쯀”뫍웤볒쫴“뫃짺”뗄쒿뗄,튪쟳닎폫쓾퇸럾컱뗄쯹폐죋풱뇘탫뺭맽튵뮯뗄통솷,쇋뷢쇙훕늡죋뗄짺샭ꆢ탄샭쳘뗣ꆢ럾컱뗄탔훊뫍쓚죝ꆣ쒿잰ꎬ쓾퇸풺5쏻튵죋풱뗄뇈샽뫍쯘훊폫횮쿠뇈뮹뻟폐튻뚨뗄닮뻠ꎬ튽풺탨붫쇙훕맘뮳쓉죫훷튪뗄튽뮤릤ퟷ횮훐ꎬ돉캪믹뒡뮤샭뗄헻쳥ퟩ돉늿럖[48]ꎬ춬쪱좫쏦볓잿맃쾢뮤샭튵엠통ꎬ퓶짨뷌톧횸떼뷌쪦ꎬ쳡릩뷰횧돖맃쾢뮤샭퇐뺿ꆣ 5ꎮ탂붮쒳훗쇶뿆튽풺쪵쪩ퟝ쿲튻쳥뮯햽싔뗄늻ퟣ횮뒦 훐룟벶튵벼쫵죋풱퇏훘늻ퟣ 쯦ퟅ컀짺룄룯뗄뷸튻늽짮뮯ꎬ튽쇆쫐뎡뺺헹뗄볓뻧ꎬ탂붮쒳훗쇶뿆튽풺죧뫎쳡룟컀짺죋솦풴뗄헻쳥쯘훊ꎬ뾪랢죋솦풴잱쓜ꎬ랢믓죋솦풴뗄뻞듳ퟷ폃ꎬ놣횤튽풺뺺헹폫랢햹햽싔쒿뇪뗄쪵쿖ꎬ캪죋쏱쳡릩룟훊솿뗄튽쇆럾컱뫍튽쇆벼쫵벺돉캪튽풺뿉돖탸랢햹뗄맘볼틲쯘ꆣ쒿잰ꎬ탂붮쒳훗쇶뿆튽풺죋솦풴뷡릹돊“낫킡탍ꆪ41ꆪ
탂붮튽뿆듳톧튽톧쮶쪿톧캻싛컄?뷰ퟖ쯾”뷡릹ꎬ훐룟벶벼쫵죋닅퇏훘좱랦ꎬ뛸쟒튽뮤뇈샽뫍뒲뇈샽퇏훘늻뫏샭ꎬ죧맻튪쪵쪩ퟝ쿲튻쳥뮯햽싔ꎬ튽풺죋솦풴맜샭펦ퟷ돶죧쿂뇤룯ꎬ쫗쿈튪볓듳틽뷸죋닅뗄솦뛈ꆣ헫뛔튽풺쪵솦뷏죵뗄톧뿆ꎬ붨틩닉좡“룸랿ퟓꆢ쇴캻훃ꆢ엤믹뷰”뗈듫쪩컼틽맺쓚췢폅탣죋닅뫍늩쪿짺떽풺릤ퟷꎬ늻뛏돤쪵뫍볓잿뿆뛓컩ꎬ캪튽풺쪵쪩맦쒣삩헅뒢놸ퟣ릻뗄죋닅ꎻ웤듎쫇췪짆엠통믺훆ꎬ쎿쓪춶죫튻뚨쫽솿뗄뷰ꎬ짨솢뛠닣듎뗄믹뷰쿮쒿ꎬ붨솢췪짆폅탣훐쟠쓪죋닅뿢ꎬ쎿룶톧뿆좷뚨l-2쏻톧쫵벼쫵듸춷죋뫳놸죋톡ꎬ쪵쪩죋닅뒢놸햽싔ꆣ솦헹폫맺쓚쿈뷸뿆퇐믺릹붨솢죋닅엠퇸뫏ퟷ맘쾵ꎬ뾪뇙죋닅췢통쟾뗀ꎬ쎿쓪톡엉폐잱솦뗄쓪쟡벼쫵맇룉돶좥짮퓬ꎬ캪죋닅돉뎤뒴퓬쳵볾ꆣ 뷌톧뫍뿆퇐풴샻폃늻ퟣ 탂붮쒳훗쇶뿆튽풺쫇튻쯹죽벶튽풺ꎬ춬쪱폖쫇튽뿆듳톧뗄쇙뒲톧풺ꎬ헢뻶뚨쇋튽풺뗄믹놾릦쓜늻떫튪캪맣듳죋쏱좺훚쳡릩룟쮮욽뗄튽쇆럾컱ꎬ뛸쟒튲튪돐떣뷌톧죎컱ꎬ엠폽캴살뗄튽톧죋닅ꆣ뗷닩뇭쏷ꎬ룃풺퓚뷌톧뫍뿆퇐랽쏦폐ퟅ쿈쳬뗄죋솦풴뫍톧뿆튵폅쫆ꎬ떫쫇튽풺믱뗃뗄뿆퇐쿮쒿뫍뺭럑좴늻샭쿫ꆣퟮ훷튪풭틲쫇뛠쫽튽뮤죋풱뛔뷌톧뫍뿆퇐릤ퟷ훘튪탔죏쪶늻ퟣꎬ틲듋ꎬ튽풺튪쿫돖탸놣돖쇬쿈뗘캻ꎬ뇘탫뷸튻늽볓잿뷌톧뫍뿆퇐맜샭ꎬ훆뚨쟐쪵뿉탐뗄뷌톧뫍뿆퇐쒿뇪ꎬ붨솢쏅뗄뿆톧쪵퇩훐탄ꎬ펪퓬솼뫃뗄뷌톧뫍뿆퇐럕캧ꎬ폐쒿뗄폐볆뮮뗘뷸탐톧뿆붨짨ꎬ헹좡룼뛠뗄톧뿆뷸죫훘뗣탐쇐ꎬ쪹풭폐뗄훘뗣톧뿆룼캪춻돶ꎬ냑뿆퇐쫓캪튽풺뗄짺듦횮놾ꎬ랢햹횮풴ꆣ 돉놾뿘훆늻샭쿫 평폚튽풺쏦쇙뗄뺺헹뮷뺳ꆢ짧믡뮷뺳톹솦풽살풽듳ꎬ웈쟐탨튪볓잿쓚늿맜샭ꎬ쿲돉놾맜샭튪킧틦ꎬ룼뫃뗄듯떽햽싔쒿뇪ꎬ떫쒿잰튽풺뗄돉놾맜샭뮹훷튪뒦폚뿆쫒쫕횧뫋쯣ꆢ뇣폚붱뷰럖엤뗄뷗뛎ꎬ실뫳폚햽싔맜샭뗄튪쟳ꎬ돉놾탅쾢뛔햽싔톡퓱뗄횧독ퟷ폃풶쎻폐랢믓ꆣ 튽풺돉놾뫋쯣샫맦랶뮯ꆢ뿆톧뮯뮹폐뫜듳닮뻠ꎬ평폚돉놾뫋쯣쫇햽싔돉놾맜샭뗄믹뒡ꎬ웤랢햹쮮욽듳듳훆풼쇋튽풺뗄랢햹ꎬ퓚쒿잰쟩뿶쿂ꎬ돽쇋뫴폵맺볒닆헾늿뫍컀짺늿뗈쿠맘늿캯뺡뿬돶첨룼볓뿆톧뗄튽풺닆컱훆뛈뫍믡볆훆뛈췢ꎬ뛔폚튽풺ퟔ짭ꎬ튽풺탨튪틽뷸쿈뷸뗄돉놾맜샭샭싛살횸떼돉놾맜샭릤ퟷꎬ캪튽풺뗄햽싔맜샭럾컱ꆣ춬쪱춨맽ퟔ짭쾸뮯뫍맦랶뮯닆컱뫋쯣헊뮧뫍뿚뺶ꎬ샻폃닆컱믡볆훆뛈뢳폨뗄좨쿞뷸탐ퟔ짭뗄맜샭폅뮯ꎬ춬쪱ꎬ펦맄샸춬튻뗘쟸뗄컀짺탐헾늿쏅ꎬ돶첨뗘랽탔뗄돉놾뫋쯣맦랶ꎬ틔뇣튽풺췆뚯룃쿮릤ퟷꎬ늢폐샻폚튽풺볤뗄쿠뮥뇈뷏ꆣ ꆪ42ꆪ
쳖†싛?킡 뷡싛컄듓햽싔맜샭뗄믹놾샭싛돶랢ꎬ쫗쿈닻쫶쇋ퟝ쿲튻쳥뮯햽싔뗄룅쓮ꆢ쳘뗣폫랢햹뗈ꆣ웤듎ꎬ싛컄럖컶쇋췢퓚뮷뺳뫍쓚늿ힴ뿶뛔탂붮쒳훗쇶뿆튽풺뗄펰쿬ꎬ췢늿뮷뺳냼삨헾닟ꆢ짧믡컄뮯ꆢ뺭볃ꆢ벼쫵뮷뺳뗈ꎬ죏캪탂붮쒳훗쇶뿆튽풺쏦쇙ퟅ췢늿뮷뺳뿬쯙ꆢ뢴퓓뇤뮯ꎬ믺폶뫍췾킲늢듦ꆣ퓙듎ꎬ싛컄춨맽뛔튽풺쿖ힴ폫SWOT럖컶ꎬ죏캪웤퓚뿆욷없ꆢ훗쇶톧뿆훖샠벰튽쇆쮮욽ꆢ훗쇶뿆죋닅뛓컩뗈랽쏦뻟폐쿔훸폅쫆ꎬ떫퓚돉놾뿘훆ꆢ훗쇶훘뗣톧뿆벼쫵붨짨ꆢ좱랦폐킧뗄벤샸믺훆폫뾹럧쿕쓜솦랽쏦뒦폚쇓쫆ꆣ ퟮ뫳ꎬ싛컄죏캪ퟝ쿲튻쳥뮯햽싔뿉틔쪹탂붮쒳훗쇶뿆튽풺퓚탐튵뺺헹훐뒦폚뷏잿뺺헹뗘캻ꎬ쪹튽풺돤럖랢믓폅쫆ꎬ뇜쏢쇓쫆ꎬ힡훗쇶튽쇆쫐뎡늻뛏삩듳뗄웵믺ꎬ쪵쿖튽풺뿉돖탸솼탔랢햹ꆣ춬쪱ꎬ뛔샠쯆뗄웤쯻튽풺뗄랢햹뻟폐‘튻뚨뗄닎뾼볛횵뫍뷨본ퟷ폃ꆣ ꆪ43ꆪ
탂붮튽뿆듳톧튽톧쮶쪿톧캻싛컄?훂 킻 죽퓘엻솤ꎬ벸틗웤룥ꎬ퓚컒뛾쪮쇹쯪횮볊췪돉쮶쪿싛컄ꎬ냙룐붻벯탄쟩럇뇊쒫쯹쓜뺡쟩뇭듯ꆣ헢놾싛컄볈쫇췪돉쮶쪿톧튵횮뇘탨ꎬ쫇컒뛔뷼킩쓪살톧쾰뫍릤ퟷ뗄ퟜ뷡쳡솶ꎬ튲쫇뛔ퟔ벺죋짺쳡붻뗄튻럝듰뻭ꆣ틲듋ꎬ퓚킴맽돌훐쟣탄춶죫ꎬ늻룒폐킩탭떡싽ꆣ벸쓪살ꎬ뛷쪦뗄ힻힻ뷌믥ꎬ춬톧뫍엳폑뗄죈쟩냯훺뫍맄샸ꎬ틔벰쟗죋뗄쒬쒬횧돖ꎬ쪱뿌?죆폚탄ꎬ쎻폐헢킩횧돖뫍냯훺ꎬ헢놾싛컄늻뿉쓜쮳샻뗘췪돉ꆣ횵듋싛컄췪돉횮볊ꎬ뷷쿲컒ퟰ뺴뗄떼쪦ꆢ엳폑ꆢ춬톧ꆢ쟗죋뫍훚뛠냯훺헟훂틔ퟮ돏횿뗄킻틢ꎡ 쫗쿈ꎬ쿲컒뗄떼쪦냗뺸욽뷌쫚훂틔짮짮뗄킻틢ꆣ싛컄뗄톡쳢폫킴ퟷ컞늻쓽뷡ퟅ쯻뗄탄톪ꆣ듓싛컄뗄톡쳢ꆢ쓚죝뗄좷뚨ꆢ퇐뺿랽램뗄쏷좷떽컄ퟖ폯퇔뗄퓋폃ꎬ냗샏쪦뚼룸폨쇋컒듳솦뗄횸떼뫍냯훺ꆣ퓚쪦듓냗샏쪦릥뛁쮶쪿톧캻뗄죕ퟓ샯ꎬ컒톧튵짏ꆢ죋룱짏뗄쎿튻뗣뷸늽ꎬ뚼쓽뻛ퟅ냗샏쪦뗄몹쮮ꆣ쎻폐냗샏쪦뗄맘뮳ꆢ맄샸뫍횧돖ꎬ뻍늻믡폐컒뷱쳬뗄돉벨ꆣ냗샏쪦뗄욽틗뷼죋ꆢ탩뮳죴마ꆢ룊캪죋쳝뗄룟짐욷룱ꎬ틔벰퇏뷷뗄훎톧첬뛈ꎬ풨늩뗄톧쪶ꎬ쫇컒튻짺톧쾰뗄냱퇹ꆣ퓚놾컄췪룥횮볊ꎬ톧짺뷷쿲뺴낮뗄뛷쪦훂틔돧룟뗄킻틢ꎡ 쳘뇰룐킻뢽쫴훗쇶튽풺뗄떳냬탸킡쾼훷죎ꆢ풺냬맘열훷죎ꆢ볠달쫒뮢컄퇠훷죎퓚컒폶떽듬헛뫍삧쓑뗄쪱뫲ꎬ뺡웤쯹쓜캪컒업뷢랳쓕ꎬ냯훺컒ꎬ맄샸컒ꆣ쎻폐쯻쏇뗄냯훺ꎬ컒뗄퇐뺿늻뿉쓜죧듋쮳샻ꆣ샏쪦쏇뾪럅뗄톧쫵쮼쿫ꆢ뿭맣뗄탘뮳ꆢ첤쪵뗄릤ퟷퟷ럧폫컞쿞냼죝뗄맘낮첬뛈ꎬ붫쪹컒쫜폃훕짭ꆣ 룐킻탂붮튽뿆듳톧뗚죽뢽쫴튽풺뗄룷캻춬죊ꎡ퓚쓣쏇뗄맘헕뫍횧돖쿂뿬샖뛸돤쪵뗘뛈맽쇋솽쓪튽풺쪵쾰뗄쪱맢ꆣ솽쓪뗄쪵볹ꎬ볈웴랢쇋컒퇐뺿뗄쮼슷ꎬ튲늻뛏뗄췪짆컒퇐뺿뗄짨볆ꎻ볈퓶뎤쇋컒뗄볻쪶뫍횪쪶ꎬ폖럡뢻쇋컒뗄죋짺퓄샺ꆣ퓚듋뇭쪾평훔뗄룐킻ꎡ 룐킻뷌퇐쫒캺뺧뺧샏쪦뫍랽샏쪦ꎡ퓚컒돉뎤뗄맽돌훐ꎬ쓣쏇뗄퇔뒫짭뷌ꎬ쓣쏇컞캢늻훁뗄맘탄뫍냯훺쪼훕캧죆퓚컒뗄짭뇟ꎬ튻뗣튻뗎ꎬ쏺볇퓚탄ꎡ 룐킻듞뇹ꆢ헅쳎ꆢ샮뻽뮹폐웤쯼뫜뛠뗄춬톧뫍엳폑ꎡ킻킻쓣쏇죽쓪살뛔컒톧튵뫍짺믮짏뗄횧돖뫍냯훺ꎡ ퟮ뫳ꎬ쳘뇰튪룐킻컒뗄뢸쟗쒸쟗뫍쪷뷰죚ꎬ쯻쏇뗄횧돖뫍맄샸ꎬ죃컒쓜릻탄뗘췪돉쮶쪿톧캻ꎬ퓚듋훂짏평훔뗄룐벤ꆣ 퓚죋짺뗄뎤뫓훐ꎬ컒쏇탨튪늻킸뗘늫믷ꆣ쮶쪿싛컄횻쫇튻룶쾰ퟷ뫍뷗뛎뗄ퟜ뷡ꎬ컒붫틔듋캪웰뗣ꎬ퓚쫂튵뫍쟗쟩뗄룐헙쿂ꎬ틔볓놶뗄탁쟚얬솦살듰킻튻횱틔살횸떼컒ꆢ횧돖컒ꆢ냯훺컒뫍맘낮컒뗄떼쪦ꆢ춬톧ꆢ엳폑뫍볒죋ꆣ ꆪ44ꆪ
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탂붮튽뿆듳톧튽톧쮶쪿톧캻싛컄?훗쇶뿆튽풺뗄ퟝ쿲튻쳥뮯햽싔퇐뺿 쇵훎뚫 ퟛ쫶 냗뺸욽 킣짳 틽퇔 쯹캽뺭펪ꎬ쫇횸쫐뎡훷쳥룹뻝쫐뎡뮷뺳뗄뇤뮯ꎬퟶ돶쫊뫏ퟔ짭짺듦뫍랢햹뗄뻶닟ꎬ싺ퟣ쫐뎡탨쟳늢좡뗃뺡뿉쓜룟뗄킧틦뗄좫늿뺭볃믮뚯맽돌[1]ꆣ뎤웚틔살ꎬ맺볒뛔튽풺쪵탐ퟜ뛮늦뢶훆ꎬ튽풺내헕볆뮮뷸탐맜샭ꎬ늻듦퓚뺭펪뗄횰쓜ꆣ떫쫇쯦ퟅ룄룯쿲룷룶쇬폲뗄췆뷸ꎬ튽튩컀짺쇬폲뗄룄룯튲붫튽풺췆쿲쫐뎡뺭볃뗄샋뎱ꆣ떳뗄쪮쯄듳쏷좷쳡돶:컒맺뺭볃쳥훆룄룯뗄쒿뇪쒣쪽쫇붨솢짧믡훷틥쫐뎡뺭볃쳥훆ꆣ훐퇫(92)5 뫅컄튲쏷좷횸돶:“쿖폐뗄듳늿럖뢣샻탍ꆢ릫틦탍뫍쫂튵탍뗚죽닺튵떥캻ꎬ튪훰늽쿲뺭펪탍뇤”ꆣ쯦ퟅ튽쇆룄룯뗄짮죫ꎬ뛔튽쇆믺릹벰튽쇆럾컱폐쇋탂뗄죏쪶ꎬ뺭펪뇤돉쇋튽쇆믺릹뗄뇘좻횰쓜[2]ꆣ ퟝ쿲튻쳥뮯ꎨvertical integration . VIꎩ폖뷐뒹횱튻쳥뮯[3]ꎬ횸웳튵붫짺닺폫풭쇏릩펦ꎬ믲헟짺닺폫닺욷쿺쫛솪뫏퓚튻웰뗄햽싔탎쪽ꎬ쫇웳튵퓚솽룶뿉쓜뗄랽쿲짏삩햹쿖폐뺭펪튵컱뗄튻훖랢햹햽싔ꎬ쫇붫릫쮾뗄뺭펪믮뚯쿲뫳삩햹떽풭닄쇏릩펦믲쿲잰삩햹떽쿺쫛훕뛋뗄튻훖햽싔쳥쾵ꆣ냼삨뫳쿲튻쳥뮯햽싔뫍잰쿲튻쳥뮯햽싔ꎬ튲뻍쫇붫뺭펪쇬폲쿲짮뛈랢햹뗄햽싔ꆣ잰쿲튻쳥뮯햽싔쫇웳튵ퟔ탐뛔놾릫쮾닺욷ퟶ뷸튻늽짮볓릤ꎬ믲헟풴뷸탐ퟛ뫏샻폃ꎬ믲릫쮾붨솢ퟔ벺뗄쿺쫛ퟩ횯살쿺쫛놾릫쮾뗄닺욷믲럾컱ꎻ뫳쿲튻쳥뮯퓲쫇웳튵ퟔ벺릩펦짺닺쿖폐닺욷믲럾컱쯹탨튪뗄좫늿믲늿럖풭닄쇏믲냫돉욷뗈ꆣퟝ쿲튻쳥뮯뗄쒿뗄ꎺ쫇캪볓잿뫋탄웳튵뛔풭닄쇏릩펦ꆢ닺욷훆퓬ꆢ럖쿺뫍쿺쫛좫맽돌뗄뿘훆ꎬ쪹웳튵쓜퓚쫐뎡뺺헹훐헆컕훷뚯ꎬ듓뛸듯떽퓶볓룷룶튵컱믮뚯뷗뛎뗄샻죳ꆣ춬쪱붫풭놾평쫐뎡훎샭뗄붻틗맘쾵쓚늿뮯캪웳튵훎샭뗄맽돌ꆣ ퟝ쿲튻쳥뮯뗄샭싛퇐뺿웰풴폚뺭볃톧ꎬ훷튪듓죽룶톧엉퇝뇤랢햹뛸살ꎬ벴탂맅뗤뺭볃톧(New Classical EconomicsꎬNCE)ꆢ탂훆뛈뺭볃톧(New Institutional EconomicsꎬNIE)폫퇝뮯뺭볃샭싛(Evolutionary Economics TheoryꎬEET)ꆣ쯼쏇듓늻춬뷇뛈뛔ퟝ쿲튻쳥뮯뗄돉틲ꆢ뷡릹폫쓚몭쳡돶쇋뷢쫍샭싛ꎬ늢쟒럖뇰뛔뫳살캢맛닣듎뗄햽싔맜샭샭싛닺짺펰쿬ꎬ퇜짺돶룷훖늻춬뗄햽싔붨틩폫뻶닟ꆣ 튻룶탐튵쓜럱톡퓱튻쳥뮯햽싔ꎬ맘볼좡뻶폚탐튵쯹뒦뗄뮷뺳벰ퟔ짭뗄쳘뗣[4]ꆣ떳훐퇫ꆢ맺컱풺퓚맘폚컀짺룄룯폫랢햹뻶뚨훐쏷좷횸돶ꎬ틔쳡룟죋쏱붡뾵쮮욽캪훐탄ꎬ폅쿈랢햹뫍놣횤믹놾컀짺럾컱ꎬ훰늽싺ퟣ죋쏱좺훚뛠퇹뮯뗄탨쟳[5]ꆣ쯹틔믹폚훗쇶뿆튽풺뫋탄튵컱쫇훗쇶튽쇆럾컱[6]ꎬ뻶뚨쇋훗쇶뿆튽풺럾컱뗄ퟝ쿲솴쳵펦ퟱ톭훗쇶벲늡랢짺뫍랢햹뗄튽톧맦싉ꎬ쯼냼삨잰쿲튻쳥뮯훗쇶ꋲ벶풤럀ꎻ튻쳥뮯뫋탄풺쓚헯ꆪ48ꆪ
ퟛ†쫶?훎ꎻ뫳쿲튻쳥뮯맃쾢맘뮳죽룶뮷뷚ꆣ 2ꎮퟝ쿲튻쳥뮯뗄샭싛퇐뺿 뺭볃톧짏ꎬ퇘닺튵솴햼뻝죴룉뮷뷚뗄튵컱늼뻖뷐ퟶퟝ쿲튻쳥뮯ꆣퟝ쿲튻쳥뮯쫇튻룶햽싔탔뗄볆뮮ꎬ쯼쫇ퟩ횯뫋탄쓜솦퓚웳튵쓚늿삩헅뗄튻훖탎쪽ꎬ폫쯼쿠춬뗄뮹폐뫡쿲튻쳥뮯햽싔뫍볓잿탍햽싔[7][8][9]ꆣ 탂맅뗤뺭볃톧뗄ퟝ쿲튻쳥뮯샭싛 뒫춳뺭볃톧붫웳튵쫓캪뷸탐춶죋ꆢ닺돶뗄짺닺몯쫽ꎬ웳튵돉캪튻룶뷸탐풴춶죫——닺돶뮻뗄뫚쾻ퟓꆣ탂맅뗤뺭볃톧샭싛폐맘웳튵VI뗄뚯틲ퟜ쳥짏럾듓폚틔“벼쫵뻶뚨싛”뫍“샻죳ퟮ듳뮯”ꆣ 뻟쳥뛸퇔ꎬ퓚NCE뿲볜쿂뛔VI뗄샭싛퇐뺿훷튪냼삨:쮹뗙룱샕믹폚뛔닺튵짺쏼훜웚뗄럖컶ꆢ붫VI쫓캪짨훃뷸죫뇚생뫍쳓뇜맜훆뗄랽쪽ꎻ놴뛷뗄“벼쫵뻶뚨싛”ꎻ뾨뛻뛙듓뮺뷢늻좷뚨탔뗄뷇뛈돶랢ꎬ죏캪VI퓚폚좷놣“릩룸뿉뾿탔”ꆣ 벼쫵뻶뚨싛폫ퟝ쿲튻쳥뮯 쮹뗙룱샕쳡돶짺쏼훜웚폫벼쫵뗄쿠뮥틀삵탔쫇뷏웕뇩뗄뷢쫍ퟝ쿲튻쳥뮯뗄솽훖벼쫵탍맛뗣ꆣ쯻죏캪ퟝ쿲튻쳥뮯뫍닺튵뗄짺쏼훜웚폐맘ꎬ헢쫇평벼쫵틲쯘쯹뻶뚨뗄돉놾몯쫽뗄뇤뮯퓬돉뗄ꆣ뛸췾솮쒷즭퓲횸돶ꎬ벼쫵늢늻쫇킭풼뗄헏낭ꎬ뻟폐뻶뚨틢틥뗄쫇듦퓚폚웳튵횮볤뺺헹탐캪횮훐만폐뗄붻틗럑폃.벼쫵뗄쿠뮥틀삵탔— “평폚룷훖벼쫵ퟩ횯뿉틔쿠뮥펰쿬ꎬ헢퇹ꎬ떱룷짺닺뷗뛎뗄맦쒣뺭볃듯떽ퟣ릻돌뛈쪱ꎬ횻튪탎돉쇋춳튻뗄쯹폐좨ꎬ뻍믡닺짺헢킩탐캪ꆣ” 샻죳ퟮ듳뮯폫ퟝ쿲튻쳥뮯 돶폚퓶볓샻죳뾼싇뗄ퟝ쿲튻쳥뮯ꆣ웳튵춨맽ퟝ쿲튻쳥뮯뿉틔틔솽훖랽쪽살쳡룟쯼뗄샻죳ꆣ뗚튻훖랽쪽쫇:튻룶웳튵(쫇뺺헹탔닺튵훐쒳튻짺닺맽돌쯹쪹폃뗄쒳튻맘볼춶죫욷뗄슢뛏릩펦짌)쓜릻춨맽뫳쿲튻쳥뮯살슢뛏짺닺웳튵쳡룟ퟔ짭샻죳믲헟ퟷ캪싲랽뿉춨맽쫕릺쯼캨튻뗄릩펦짌뛸믱틦ꆣ뗚뛾훖랽쪽:튻볒ퟝ쿲튻쳥뮯뗄슢뛏뎧짌쓜릻쪵탐볛룱웧쫓[10]ꆣ 탂훆뛈뺭볃톧뗄ퟝ쿲튻쳥뮯샭싛 뛔ퟝ쿲튻쳥뮯뗄룼캪쿪쾸뗄뫍췪헻뗄뾼달훷튪쫇평탂훆뛈뺭볃살췪돉뗄ꎬퟔ뿆쮹1937쓪랢뇭웳튵샭싛뗄뾪즽횮ퟷꆶ웳튵뗄탔훊ꆷ튻컄ꎬ듓웳튵뫍쫐뎡뗄붻틗돉놾폅쫆뷇뛈돶랢ꎬ럖컶쇋웳튵튻쳥뮯돌뛈뗄뻶뚨틲쯘ꆣ“내헕뿆쮹뗄싛쫶ꎬ웳튵뫍쫐뎡쿠뇈ꎬ쪼훕펵폐붻틗돉놾랽쏦뗄폅쫆ꆣ떫퓚쇭튻랽쏦ꎬ웳튵좴폐돉놾쇓쫆ꎬ뿆쮹붫웤맩틲폚쯦ퟅ웳튵쓚붻틗쫽솿뗄퓶볓ꎬ맜샭믮뚯뗄뇟볊돉놾뗝퓶ꆣퟮ훕ꎬ쫐뎡붻틗뗄뇟볊돉놾뫍웳튵쓚붻틗뗄뇟볊돉놾헽뫃쿠뗈뗄뗣뻍쫇웳튵뗄ퟮ폅뇟뷧ꆣ뛸쇭튻룶듺뇭죋컯냂샻뢥·췾솮쒷즭퓲죏캪튪퓚쫐뎡쪧킧뗄쟩뿶쿂“좫쏦싛쫶ퟝ쿲튻쳥뮯튪쟳뛔쓚늿ퟩ횯뗄쿞뛈틔벰룷훖솦솿ퟶ돶움볛……쪹쓚늿ퟩ횯돉캪튻훖쫐뎡쳦듺컯뗄웳ꆪ49ꆪ
탂붮튽뿆듳톧튽톧쮶쪿톧캻싛컄?튵쳘탔[11]ꎬ쯻퓚ꆶퟝ쿲튻쳥뮯:쫐뎡쪧쇩뗄뾼달ꆷ헢욪컄훐뛔ퟝ쿲튻쳥뮯뷸탐쇋쿪뺡뗄뾼달뫍럖컶ꆣ냂샻뢥.췾솮쒷즭듓웤믹놾볙짨:닺폃탔볙짨;죋뗄폐쿞샭탔볙짨뫍믺믡훷틥볙짨돶랢ꎬ횤쏷쇋퓚뚯첬뗄쫐뎡훐웵풼쫇늻뿉쓜췪놸뗄ꎬ좻뫳퓚뇈뷏쇋뛌웚웵풼ꆢ뎤웚웵풼폫ퟝ쿲튻쳥뮯죽헟뗄폅쇓뗄믹뒡짏ꎬ뗃돶ퟝ쿲튻쳥뮯뿉틔폐킧뇜쏢쫐뎡붻틗평듳쫽쒿쳵볾쿲킡쫽쒿쳵볾뇤뛸닺짺뗄쮫뇟틀삵뿉쓜듸살뗄튻쾵쇐럧쿕ꎬ듓뛸믱뗃쓚늿ퟩ횯뗄죧쿂폅쫆:퓶잿뿘훆쫖뛎틔벰놣횤탅쾢쇷돌뗄뎩춨ꆣ퓚헢욪싛컄샯ꎬ췾솮쒷즭ퟅ훘듓쫐뎡쪧킧틲쯘죋쫖ꎬ럖뇰뷡뫏첸에뮷뺳뫍웳튵뗄뷡릹폅쫆ꎬ럖컶쇋캪쪲쎴믡탎돉짺닺뗄ퟝ쿲튻쳥뮯[12]ꆣ 퇝뮯뺭볃톧뗄ퟝ쿲튻쳥뮯샭싛 퇝뮯뺭볃톧폃“짺듦럖컶”듺쳦탂훆뛈뺭볃톧뗄“뇈뷏훆뛈럖컶”ꎬ퓚VI샭싛훐뗄뻟쳥뇭쿖쫇엗웺쇋췾솮쒷즭“믺믡훷틥”뗄죋탔볙짨ꎬ튲럱뚨쇋닺폃탔쫇펰쿬VI맘볼틲쯘뗄뷡싛ꆣ퓚탂맅뗤뺭볃톧뗄믹뒡짏붫웳튵뷧뚨캪“짺닺떥캻”싛뗣뗄뢴맩ꎬퟱ톭웳튵횪쪶——쓜솦——VI뗄싟벭릹볜[13]ꎬ듓“짺닺릦쓜”뷇뛈뛔웳튵놾훊뷸탐닻쫍ꆣ죏캪VI뗄맘볼쫇웳튵춨맽췘햹뫋탄뺺헹솦뫍릲쿭쒬탭횪쪶붵뗍짺닺돉놾ꆢ쪵쿖웳튵퓚늻좷뚨탔뮷뺳훐뗄돖탸돉뎤ꆣ 뻟쳥뛸퇔ꎬ쒬탭횪쪶듦퓚컥룶랽쏦뗄캬뛈:뿉뷌탔ꆢ뿉뇭듯탔ꆢ펦폃훐뗄뿉맛달탔ꆢ뢴퓓탔뫍뛀솢탔ꎬ웤훐ퟮ캪훘튪뗄쫇뿉쾵춳[14]뫍뿉뷌탔솽룶캬뛈ꎬ헢솽헟릲춬뻶뚨웳튵쓜솦뗄쒬탭탔뫍붻쇷뗄쓑틗돌뛈ꆣ퓚뛔쒬탭횪쪶뗄캬뛈뫍쓜솦뗄쳘탔뷸탐쏨쫶틔뫳ꎬEET믹폚싴랽쒬탭횪쪶뫍싲랽웳튵쓜솦뗄쿠맘탔믲뷴쏜탔솽룶틲쯘쳖싛VI햽싔뗄돉냜:웳튵펵폐뗄쒬탭횪쪶쫇쓑틔퓚웳튵횮볤붻쇷뫍뒫뗝뗄횪쪶[15]ꎬ쯼붫복짙듓췢늿뢴훆헢샠횪쪶뗄뿉쓜탔ꆣ틲뛸ꎬ죧맻싴랽펵폐뗄뻸듳늿럖횪쪶쫇쓑틔놻싲랽뢴훆믲쒣럂뗄쒬탭횪쪶ꎬퟝ쿲튻쳥뮯뻍붫퓶볓웳튵뗄짺닺돉놾[16]ꎬ듓뛸싲랽믡톡퓱“췢릺”뛸늻쫇“ퟔ훆”[17]ꎻ쿠랴ꎬ뷏짙뗄쒬탭횪쪶붫폕훂싲랽뗄VI탐캪ꆣ쇭췢ꎬ싲랽뫋탄뺺헹솦뗄뷴쏜탔틠펰쿬웤VI뻶닟ꎬ뷏뗍뗄쓜솦뷴쏜탔틢캶ퟅ웳튵쿖폐쓜솦늻쓜볝풦VI뫳늢죫뗄탂뗄웳튵믮뚯ꎬ쫆뇘떼훂싲랽짺닺돉놾짏짽[18]ꆣ 닺튵뺭볃톧뗄ퟝ쿲튻쳥뮯샭싛 ퟝ쿲튻쳥뮯ퟷ캪튻훖닺튵ퟩ횯뫍닺튵뺺헹햽싔ꎬ튲쫇닺튵뺭볃톧믲닺튵ퟩ횯샭싛퇐뺿뗄튻룶훘튪뛔쿳ꆣ닺튵ퟩ횯샭싛햾퓚웳튵췢늿ꎬ맛달쫐뎡뷡릹뫍쫐뎡벨킧ꎬ맘힢슢뛏ꆢ뺺헹뗈컊쳢ꎬ퇐뺿헟룼맘탄웳튵튻쳥뮯탐캪뛔쫐뎡뷡릹ꆢ쫐뎡벨킧뗄펰쿬ꆣ햽싔톧볒퓲쫇햾퓚웳튵뗄솢뎡ꎬ첽쟳죧뫎샻폃쫐뎡ꎬ춨맽웳튵ퟝ쿲돉뎤살퓶잿웳튵뗄뺺헹폅쫆ꆣ붻틗돉놾샭싛뗄ퟷ폃퓲쫇믹뒡탔뗄ꎬ쯼틔웳튵캪퇐뺿뛔쿳ꎬퟅ퇛폚쫐뎡믺훆뗄좱쿝ꎬ랴맽살싛횤쇋ퟝ쿲튻쳥뮯뗄뫏샭탔ꎬ늢쮵쏷웳튵뗄뷧쿞ꎬ헢뛔폚닺튵ퟩ횯샭싛뫍웳튵햽싔샭싛뚼폐훘튪뗄뷨본틢틥ꆣ 웤훐뇈뷏폐듺뇭탔뗄샭싛쫇쏀맺닺튵뺭볃톧볒늨쳘뗄닺튵뺺헹쒣탍(컥솦쒣탍)ꆣꆪ50ꆪ
ퟛ†쫶?늨쳘죏캪ퟝ쿲튻쳥뮯쓜퓶잿웳튵뗄슢뛏탔뺺헹폅쫆ꎬ냼삨돉놾폅쫆ꆢ닮틬뮯폅쫆ꆢ벼쫵폅쫆ꆢ?볛폅쫆뗈ꆣ 3ꎮ훗쇶뿆튽풺ퟝ쿲튻쳥뮯햽싔 튽풺뗄ퟝ쿲튻쳥뮯햽싔퇐뺿ꎬ쳘뇰쫇훗쇶뿆튽풺ퟝ쿲튻쳥뮯햽싔퇐뺿쫇튻룶탂탋뗄뿎쳢ꎬ퓚닩퓄쇏훐쯹쓜뾴떽횱뷓짦벰ퟝ쿲튻쳥뮯랽쏦뗄컄쿗늻쫇뫜뛠ꎬ횱뷓짦벰훗쇶뿆튽풺ퟝ쿲튻쳥뮯뺭펪뗄컄쿗룼짙ꆣ떫퓚틑폐뗄튽풺뺭펪맜샭뗄퇐뺿돉맻훐ꎬ폐늿럖쓚죝짦벰ퟝ쿲튻쳥뮯쮼쿫뗄쳥쿖뫍뻖늿뗄퓋폃ꆣ쿖ퟛ쫶죧쿂: 튽풺뗄햽싔톡퓱늻뷶폫튽풺뗄ퟔ짭풴폐맘ꎬ뮹폫튽풺쯹뒦탐튵뗄헻쳥랢햹쟩뿶쏜쟐쿠맘ꆣ튽풺뗄풴ힴ뿶뻶뚨쇋웤쓜릻횴탐쪲쎴햽싔ꎬ뛸탐튵뗄헻택ힴ뿶뻶뚨튽풺펦룃쪵탐쪲쎴햽싔ꆣ퓚튽풺랢햹뗄늻춬뷗뛎ꎬ튽풺횴탐뗄햽싔펦룃늻춬ꆣ퓚훗쇶뿆튽풺랢햹뗄퓧웚ꎬ쪵쪩튻쳥뮯햽싔튻냣쓜릻룸튽풺듸살뺺헹폅쫆ꆣ 훗쇶뿆튽풺ퟮ훘튪뗄훗쇶튽쇆럾컱ꎬ헢뻶뚨쇋훗쇶뿆튽풺럾컱뗄ퟝ쿲솴쳵펦ퟱ톭훗쇶뗄랢짺뫍랢햹뗄튽톧싟벭ꎬ뷧뚨캪평풤럀뫍퓧웚헯뛏ꆢ훎쇆잰헯뛏폫훎쇆ꆢ훎쇆뫳뾵뢴ꆢ쇙훕맘뮳죽듳럾컱뮷뷚릹돉뗄ퟝ쿲솴쳵[19]ꆣ 뷸죫21쫀볍ꎬ죋샠틑뺭뷸죫떽짺컯——탄샭——짧믡튽톧쒣쪽ꎬ떫쫇뛱탔훗쇶죔좻쫇벫듳캣몦죋샠짺쏼붡뾵뗄퇏훘벲늡ꎬ컯훊짺믮쮮욽뗄쳡룟뫍컀짺탻뷌릤ퟷ뗘웕벰ꎬ쪹죋뛔훗쇶벲늡뗄훘쫓돌뛈퓶볓ꎬ훘쫓뗄랶캧튲평풺쓚헯훎퇓짬떽쇋잰쿲튻쳥뮯뫍뫳쿲튻쳥뮯뗄훮뛠뮷뷚ꆣ쯹틔듳솦랢햹풤럀ꆢ뾵뢴뫍맃쾢맘뮳쫂튵ꎬ뒴퓬훗쇶튽쇆럾컱ퟝ쿲튻쳥뮯틑쪱늻컒듽ꆣ 훗쇶뿆튽풺뗄잰쿲튻쳥뮯ꎺ훗쇶ꋲ벶풤럀 뛱탔훗쇶뗄뿘훆냼삨컥룶늿럖:튻쫇훗쇶쇷탐늡톧뫍훗쇶짺컯톧쳘탔뗄퇐뺿ꎻ뛾쫇훗쇶뗄ꋱ벶풤럀ꎬ튲뻍쫇뿘훆믲쿻돽훗쇶뗄늡틲ꎬ믲ퟨ뛏웤훂납춾뺶뗄릤ퟷꎻ죽쫇훗쇶뗄ꋲ벶풤럀ꎬ벴퇐뺿죧뫎퓧랢쿖뫍퓧헯뛏뛱탔훗쇶ꎬ쪹쓜뗃떽벰쪱뛸폐킧뗄훎쇆ꎻ쯄쫇헯뛏뫍훎쇆ꎻ컥쫇뾵뢴믲뫳웚맜샭ꆣꋲ벶풤럀쫇웤훐튻룶훘튪뗄ퟩ돉늿럖ꆣ퓚훂납풭틲뫍납뇤믺샭짐캴뎹뗗얪쟥ꎬ뛸훗쇶뗄랢늡뫍쯀췶뛔죋샠캣몦폺틦퇏훘뗄뷱쳬ꎬ룼쫇떱컱횮벱ꆣ 퓚뛱탔훗쇶ꋲ벶풤럀뗄릤ퟷ훐ꎬ퓧랢쿖쫇맘볼ꆣ쿁틥뗄쫇횸톡폃튻훖쫊틋뗄볬닩랽램ꎬ퓚죋좺훐뷸탐납횢뗄볬닢ꎬ헢쪵볊쫇튻훖즸닩뗄랽램ꆣ죧맻뛔죋좺놾짭컞톡퓱탔ꎬ늻싛탔뇰ꆢ쓪쇤벰폐컞쳘쫢늡쪷뗈쟸뇰ꎬ좫늿볬닩ꎬ퓲춨돆듳웕닩ꎻ죧맻횻쿞폚폐룟캣쿕틲쯘뗄죋좺뗄볬닩ꎬ퓲돆캪룟캣쿕죋좺즸닩ꆣ맣틥뗄퓧랢쿖ꎬ퓲돽즸닩횮췢ꎬ뮹펦냼삨웤쯻퓧랢쿖춾뺶뗄첽쯷ꎬ죧룟캣쿕죋좺뗄볠뮤ꆢ납잰ힴ첬뗄쯦럃맛달뗈[20]ꆣ 듓뎤풶샻틦ꆢ뺭볃킧틦뫍짧믡탨쟳살뾴,훗쇶럀훎뇘탫ퟟ풤럀+훎쇆뗄뗀슷,훗쇶뿆튽풺튪훘쫓ꆢ볓잿훗쇶풤럀릤ퟷꎬ쪹폐쿞뗄튽쇆풴잰틆ꎬ쪹뛱탔훗쇶돉캪“짙ꆪ51ꆪ
탂붮튽뿆듳톧튽톧쮶쪿톧캻싛컄?랢틗훎”뗄벲늡ꆣ쿲좺훚탻뒫뫍쳡뎫쳡잰쿻럑ꎬ붫듳솿폃폚훎쇆췭웚납횢뮼헟뗄뺭럑폃폚랢늡톧풤럀[21]ꆣ 훗쇶뿆튽풺뗄뫋탄튵컱ꎺ훗쇶풺쓚헯훎[22] 쒿잰훗쇶뿆튽풺뚼뻟놸쇋튻쳗ퟛ뫏훎쇆뗄폅쫆ꎬ헫뛔늻춬뗄훗쇶벲늡ꎬ폐ퟅ늻춬뗄훎쇆랽램ꆣ룹뻝훎쇆쒿뗄뫍풭샭ꎬ훎쇆훷튪럖캪튻쿂늻춬샠탍ꎺ 췢뿆쫖쫵ꎺ뎣쫇쪵쳥훗쇶뗄쫗톡훎쇆랽낸ꆣ퓧웚랢쿖뗄훗쇶ꎬ뿉춨맽쫖쫵쟐돽쯹폐뗄훗쇶쾸냻ꎬ쪹뮼헟뗃떽훎끋ꆣ 럅짤훎쇆ꎺ럅짤훎쇆쫇튻훖뻖늿쇆램ꆣ럅짤훎쇆쫇샻폃룟쓜럅짤쿟웆뮵훗쇶벚냻ꎬ웰떽횱뷓즱쯀훗쇶벚냻뗄ퟷ폃ꆣ 뮯톧훎쇆ꎺ쫇붫튩컯뺭톪맜듸떽좫짭ꎬ폃튩컯웆뮵헽퓚럖쇑뗄훗쇶쾸냻ꎬ틔ퟨ횹웤뷸튻늽뢴훆ꆣ 벤쯘훎쇆ꎺ폃벤쯘샠튩컯ퟨ뛏훗쇶쾸냻볌탸짺뎤폫럖쇑뗄탅뫅ꎬ듯떽ퟨ횹훗쇶쾸냻짺뎤뗄쒿뗄ꆣ 짺컯랴펦뗷뷚볁ꎺ쫇쪹폃믺쳥菈ퟔ좻닺짺뗄헽뎣떰냗훊살듌벤믺쳥뗄럀컀믺훆틔뛔뾹훗쇶ꆣ ퟜ뗄살쮵훗쇶뿆튽풺뗄헯훎훷튪쫇볡돖듳뿆ꆢ킡ퟛ뫏뗄쮼슷ꆣ 훗쇶뿆튽풺뗄뫳쿲튻쳥뮯ꎺ훗쇶뮼헟맃쾢맘뮳[23][24][25][26] 맃쾢맘뮳쫇뷼듺튽톧쇬폲훐탂탋뗄튻쏅뇟풵탔붻닦톧뿆,쫇짧믡뗄탨쟳뫍죋샠컄쏷랢햹뗄뇪횾ꆣ뻍쫀뷧랶캧뛸퇔,맃쾢맘뮳랢뛋폚1967쓪펢맺뮤쪿즣뗂쮹붨솢쫀뷧훸쏻뗄쪥뿋샯쮹뛠럑맃쾢맘뮳튽풺ꆣ쯦뫳,쏀맺ꆢ쿣룛뗈뗘쟸튲뾪햹쇋샠쯆뗄럾컱ꆣ1988쓪7퓂15죕쳬뷲튽뿆듳톧쇙훕맘뮳퇐뺿훐탄헽쪽돉솢,늢폚듎쓪붨솢“쇙훕맘뮳늡랿”ꆣ 맃쾢맘뮳튻듊풴ퟔ폚펢컄Hospice,웤몬틥캪쿖듺튽톧훎폺컞췻뗄늡죋뮺뷢벫뛋춴뿠ꆢ캬뮤훁쯀ퟰ퇏ꎬ틔벰캪쇙훕뮼헟벰웤볒쫴쳡릩좫랽캻뗄헕맋,죧튽쇆ꆢ뮤샭ꆢ탄샭ꆢ짧믡뗈,쪹뮼헟뗄횢ힴ뗃떽뿘훆,짺쏼훊솿뗃떽쳡룟,볒쫴뗄짭탄붡뾵뗃떽캬뮤ꆣ 맃쾢맘뮳뷸죫컒맺닅뷶뷶죽쪮쓪뗄쪱볤ꎬ떫죔뛠춣뛙퓚샭싛쳖싛짏ꆣ폐뗷닩뇭쏷[27]:쒿잰ꎬ컒맺쎿쓪풼폐20췲죋ퟔ즱.웤훐쿠떱늿럖쫇틲늻뾰죌쫜늡춴뗄헛쒥뫍늻풸퓶볓쟗죋뗄뢺떣뛸놻웈ퟔ즱뗄ꎬ헢퇹뗄뮼헟뗃웠닒쟒컞ퟰ퇏ꎬ룼쪹쟗죋쏇뗄탄샯쇴쿂폀풶뗄틵펰ꆢ짋춴뫍틅몶ꆣ맃쾢맘뮳쪹웤퓚폐쿞뗄죕ퟓ샯맽뗃쫦쫊뫍폐틢틥,쳡룟췭웚납횢늡죋뗄짺쏼훊솿ꎻ듓탄샭톧뷇뛈뮺뫍폫뷢돽늡죋뛔쯀췶뗄뿖뻥뫍늻낲,쪹웤듓죝뗘샫좥ꎻ 퓙볓짏컒맺죋뿚샏쇤뮯뫍벲늡쯀틲쮳캻뇤뮯뗄쿖쪵폫캴살쟩뿶뇭쏷ꎬ컒맺짨훃맃쾢맘뮳믺릹쫇뫜폐뇘튪뗄ꆣ 4ꎮ훗쇶뿆쪵쪩튽풺ퟝ쿲튻쳥뮯뺭펪햽싔뗄짧믡틢틥 쯦ퟅ튽톧벼쫵뫍짧믡뗄뷸늽,틔벰좺훚짺믮쮮욽늻뛏쳡룟,튽쇆쿻럑헟뗄탨쟳탄ꆪ52ꆪ
ퟛ†쫶?샭랢짺쇋뇤ꆣ죋쏇뛔붡뾵폐쇋탂뗄ힷ쟳뫍쒿뇪,늻퓙쫇틲늡뻍튽,뛸쫇틔붡뾵쳥볬ꆢ풤럀놣붡캪훷,뛔납횢풤럀뗄탨쟳풽살풽룟,풽살풽웈쟐ꆣ훗쇶뿆튽풺뇘탫볓잿뫍뾪햹납횢뗄풤럀퇐뺿뫍폐킧듫쪩뗄췆맣,틔싺ퟣ죋쏇뗄탨튪[28]ꎻ춬쪱훗쇶쿠뛔뮺싽뗄랢햹맽돌,훂쪹듳뛠쫽늡죋퓚벲늡폫쯀췶횮볤엇뮲,쇙훕늡죋벱뻧퓶뛠,틲뛸볓잿쇙훕늡죋뗄튽쇆럾컱튲틑돉캪웕뇩뿍맛뗄짧믡탨쟳ꆣ쇙훕맘뮳ퟷ캪튻훖짧믡컄뮯쿖쿳,쫊펦죋뗄짺쏼뿍맛맦싉,캪죋샠붡뾵짺듦쳡릩쇋솼뫃믺믡,쿭쫜쇙훕맘뮳ퟷ캪죋뗄믹놾좨샻,쫇쇙훕맘뮳탋웰뫍랢햹뗄짧믡싗샭뚯솦ꆣ듓짧믡톧뷇뛈횸떼뮼헟샭뷢ퟔ벺짺쏼쏖쇴횮볊짺듦뗄틢틥;듓짺쏼싗샭톧뷇뛈쪹뮼헟죏쪶떽짺쏼뗄볛횵,쳥믡떽퓚뇴쯀횮볊쫜떽쇋짧믡뫍쟗죋뗄맘힢ꆣ 쒿잰컒맺폃폚뛱탔훗쇶뗄풤럀틔벰쇙훕맘뮳뗄릤ퟷ춶죫퇏훘늻ퟣꎬ훗쇶뿆튽풺뫍ퟛ뫏튽풺뗄훗쇶뿆훷튪춶죫쫇폃폚뮼헟뗄쇙뒲훎쇆ꎬ쟒틔췭웚뮼헟캪훷ꎬ쿻뫄듳뛸쫕킧짙ꎬ풴샻폃킧싊벫뗍ꆣ웤듎ꎬ컒맺쯤폐좫맺훗쇶럀훎쇬떼킡ퟩꆢ좫맺럀냬틔벰훗쇶럀훎췸ꎬ떫뎤웚틔살틑늻쓜폐킧뗘퓋ퟷꎬ튲좱랦튻룶뿆톧ꆢ뫏샭ꆢ뿉탐뗄럀훎볆뮮[29]ꆣ춬쪱컒맺쇙훕맘뮳럾컱튲듦퓚ퟅ훮뛠컊쳢ꎬ쇙훕맘뮳믺릹쫽솿짙쟒맦쒣늻듳ꎻ릤ퟷ죋풱ퟜ쳥쯘훊늻룟ꆢ럾컱쒣쪽뷏떥튻ꎻ튽놣헾닟횧돖늻ퟣꎻ짧믡릤ퟷ헟뫍횾풸헟좱랦ꎻ돶죫풺뇪ힼ뗄뷧뚨늻쏷ꆣ틲듋컒맺횻폐뫜짙뗄튻늿럖쇙훕늡죋뗃떽ퟮ뫳뗄맘뮳[30]ꆣퟜ쳥뛸퇔ꎬ컒맺뛱탔훗쇶뗄럀훎뫍쇙훕맘뮳릤ퟷ짐뒦폚돵쪼뷗뛎ꎬ탭뛠릤ퟷ듽룄뷸뫍췪짆ꆣ듓틔짏쟩뿶살뾴ꎬ풽살풽뛠뗄쫐뎡탨쟳캪훗쇶뿆튽풺쪵쪩ퟝ쿲튻쳥뮯햽싔쳡릩쇋뿉쓜ꆣ 5ꎮ훗쇶뿆튽풺쪵쪩ퟝ쿲튻쳥뮯햽싔뗄쿖쪵틢틥ꎺ ퟝ쿲튻쳥뮯붵뗍튽풺욷없뗄돉놾ꎺퟝ쿲튻쳥뮯뿉틔뾴돉쫇풺쓚헯훎뗄뫋탄욷없뛔풤럀ꆢ맃쾢맘뮳뗄튻훖욷없낵쪾ꆣퟝ쿲튻쳥뮯쪹뗄튻룶뫋탄욷없캪룼뛠뗄쫐뎡쪵쳥쯹릲쿭ꎬ틲뛸쓜퓶볓뿆욷없퓚쫐뎡뗄펰쿬솦ꆣퟝ쿲튻쳥뮯붵뗍뮼헟맘쾵돉놾ꆢ퓶볓탅쾢붻쇷ꎺ훗쇶뿆튽풺쪵쪩풤럀ꆢ풺쓚헯훎ꆢ뾵뢴뫍맃쾢훎쇆튻쳥뮯뫳ꎬ튽뮼횮볤뗄췢늿맘쾵뇤돉쇋쓚늿맘쾵ꎬ뿉틔짮죫럖컶폫뮼헟ꆢ볒쫴ꆢ뫏ퟷ튽풺뗈쿠맘샻틦랽릹돉뗄볛횵좺ꎬ헢퇹뿉틔뷚풼맘쾵돉놾ꎻ춬쪱뿉틔쪹튽뮤죋풱룼뷓뷼믲룼횱뷓뷓뒥탨쟳헟ꎬ복짙뮼헟폐늡싒춶튽믲놻욭뗄벸싊ꆣ쪵쪩ퟝ쿲튻쳥뮯뿉틔랢믓쿖폐튽쇆풴뗄잱솦듯떽맦쒣뺭볃뫍랶캧뺭볃ꎬ듓뛸붵뗍ퟛ뫏돉놾ꎻퟝ쿲튻쳥뮯쪵쿖쇋짏쿂폎킭춬ퟷ폃ꎬ쳡룟쇋헻쳥쫕틦ꆣퟜ뗄살쮵ꎬퟝ쿲튻쳥뮯쪹돉놾뷏룟뗄폃폚췢늿폃탔닺뇤캪돉놾뷏뗍뗄쓚늿붻틗뗄춨폃돉놾[31] [32] [33]ꆣ 틲듋,훗쇶뿆튽풺듓맦뮮튽풺캴살랢햹뗄뫪캰삶춼뫍붨솢튽풺햽싔쒿뇪쳥쾵살뾴ꎬ뇘탫폫짧믡훷틥쫐뎡뺭볃쿠쫊펦ꎬ폫컀짺룄룯듫쪩쿠엤쳗ꎬ폫죋쏱좺훚튽쇆탨쟳쿠컇뫏ꎬ늢듓헾닟짏ꆢ램맦짏ꆢ튽풺튽쇆믺릹짨훃짏벰튽풺맜샭짏뷸탐룄룯뫍췪짆ꎬ붨솢맦랶뮯뗄뛠닣듎튽쇆럾컱쒣쪽, 뿉볻,쪵쪩ퟝ쿲튻쳥뮯햽싔ꎨ풤럀+훎쇆+맃쾢맘뮳ꎩ쫇튽풺뿬쯙돉뎤뗄훘튪탎쪽ꆣ ꆪ53ꆪ
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