ꆡ2003쓪11퓂쾵춳릤돌샭싛폫쪵볹뗚11웚ꆡ컄헂뇠뫅:100026788(2003)1020047207췸싧닺튵캢맛쫐뎡뷡릹퇐뺿쮧ꆡ탱,돂뫪쏱,슳컄쇺(짏몣붻춨듳톧맜샭톧풺,짏몣200030)햪튪:ꆡ붫췸싧췢늿탔ퟷ캪뫢솿닺욷ퟝ쿲닮틬뗄캨튻틲쯘,퇐뺿쇋췪좫늻볦죝폫췪좫볦죝솽훖쟩뿶쿂뗄쫐뎡뺺헹룱뻖Λ퇐뺿뷡맻뇭쏷,췸싧췢늿탔뗄쿠뛔잿뛈닮틬ꆢ뎧짌쫽솿퓚쫐뎡뺺헹뗄뻹뫢훐뻟폐뻶뚨탔뗄ퟷ폃,늢쟒볦죝뗄쫐뎡뷡릹폐샻폚짧믡뢣샻뗄쳡룟Λ맘볼듊:ꆡ췸싧췢늿탔;볦죝탔;쫐뎡뷡릹;ퟝ쿲닮틬뮯훐춼럖샠뫅:ꆡF270ꆡꆡꆡꆡꆡꆡꆡꆡ컄쿗뇪쪶싫:ꆡAꆡꆡꆡStudyontheMarketStructureofNetworkIndustrySHUAIXu,CHENHong2min,LUWen2long(ManagementSchool,ShanghaiJiaotongUniversity,Shanghai200030,China)Abstract:ꆡBasedonthepointthatthenetworkexternalityistheonlydimensionofverticaldifferentiation,,compatibilityisconducivetotheimprovementofsocialwelfareKeywords:ꆡnetworkexternality;compatibility;marketstructure;verticaldifferentiation1ꆡ틽퇔듓뒫춳뺭볃샭싛뗄뷇뛈살뾴듽췸싧닺튵,쓇쎴췸싧닺튵쫇튻훖맑춷슢뛏뗄쫐뎡뷡릹Λ죧볆쯣믺닙ퟷ쾵춳훐뗄MACꆢIBM틔벰캢죭;췸싧샀웷쫐뎡훐뗄IE폫Netscape;VCR쫐뎡짏뗄VHS폫Betamax;폎쾷죭볾쫐뎡짏뗄Seaga폫Nintendo;뗧탅닺튵훐죧쏀맺뗄AT&TꆢMCI틔벰Sprint,펢맺뗄BT폫Mercury,틔벰훐맺쫐뎡짏뗄훐맺뗧탅ꆢ훐맺솪춨ꆢ훐맺틆뚯뗈Λ헢킩늻춬뗄뎧짌캪삩듳ퟔ짭뗄쫐뎡럝뛮뫍쒱쟳춶헟ퟮ듳믘놨뛸닉좡맑춷슢뛏뗄뺺헹닟싔Λ죧맻듓ꆰ탂뺭볃ꆱ샭싛뗄뷇뛈살럖컶췸싧닺튵,쓇쎴췸싧닺튵쟸뇰폚뒫춳닺튵뗄ퟮ쿔훸쳘헷쫇뇭쿖돶췸싧췢늿탔(NetworkExternality),벴쿻럑헟쿻럑쒳훖췸싧닺욷뗄볛횵믡쯦ퟅ쿻럑폫룃닺욷쿠볦죝닺욷뗄웤쯻쿻럑헟쫽솿뗄퓶볓뛸퓶볓(Katz&Shapiro,1985)Λ샽죧,퓚톡퓱뗧뮰췸싧뗄쪱뫲,탂폃뮧룼풸틢톡퓱풭살폃뮧뛠뗄췸싧,틲캪췸싧훐폃뮧풽뛠,잱퓚뗄춨뮰뛔쿳뻍풽뛠,룃췸싧뛔폃뮧뗄볛횵뻍풽룟Λ헢훖쿻럑헟탐캪횮볤뗄쿠뮥펰쿬뻍릹돉쇋ꆰ헽뗄쿻럑췢늿탔ꆱΛ룃킧펦ퟮ퓧평폚1974쓪퓚뛔뗧탅럾컱뗄퇐뺿훐랢쿖,늢평뫍(1986),(1996)뗈뺭볃톧볒붫웤짏짽캪뺭볃샭싛뗄첽쳖Λ췸싧췢늿탔늻뷶듦퓚폚훮죧뗧탅ꆢ쳺슷ꆢ몽뿕뗈폐탎췸싧횮훐,탭뛠컞탎췸싧튲뇭쿖돶헢튻쳘헷Λ샽죧,Windows닙ퟷ쾵춳뗄쪹폃헟뻍릹돉쇋튻룶컞탎뗄췸싧,쪹폃Windows닙ퟷ쾵춳뗄죋풽뛠,Windows닙ퟷ쾵춳뛔쪹폃헟뗄볛횵뻍풽듳,쓇쎴뻍폐룼뛠뗄쿻럑헟풸틢럅웺폫웤늻볦죝뗄Mac닙ퟷ쾵춳뛸쿲폚Windows닙ퟷ쾵춳Λ뛔듋,폐뗄톧헟폃룼춨쯗뗄ꆰ룏뎱쇷ꆱ킧펦(bandwagonandsnobeffects)살쏨쫶췸싧췢늿탔뗄쳘헷Λ쫕룥죕웚:2002209205훺쿮쒿:맺볒ퟔ좻뿆톧믹뷰(70172001);뷌폽늿늩쪿뗣믹뷰(20010248038)ꆡꆡퟷ헟볲뷩:쮧탱(1974ꆫ),쓐,짏몣붻춨듳톧맜샭톧풺늩쪿퇐뺿짺;돂뫪쏱,쓐,짏몣붻춨듳톧맜샭톧풺뷌쫚ꆢ늩쪿짺떼쪦
48쾵춳릤돌샭싛폫쪵볹2003쓪11퓂평듋뿉볻,퓚췸싧닺튵훐펰쿬쿻럑헟릺싲뻶닟뗄,돽쇋닺욷놾짭뗄훊솿틔췢,쇭튻맘볼틲쯘뻍쫇췸싧췢늿킧펦Λ췸싧췢늿킧펦놾짭튲돉캪쇋뫢솿닺욷닮틬뗄훘튪캬뛈Λ룹뻝Katz뫍Shapiro뗄뚨틥,릹돉췸싧췢늿킧펦뗄풪쯘냼삨쇋폃뮧낲ힰ믹뒡(InstalledBase)뫍췸싧췢늿탔잿뛈(networkstrength),헢퇹,낲ힰ믹뒡믲췸싧잿뛈뗄닮틬뚼붫탎돉췸싧췢늿탔뗄닮틬,듓뛸떼훂쇋닺욷뗄닮틬뮯Λ틲듋,놾컄붫췸싧췢늿탔ퟷ캪뫢솿닺욷닮틬뗄캨튻틲쯘,퇐뺿췸싧닺튵뗄캢맛쫐뎡뷡릹틔벰닺튵뺺헹룱뻖Λ2ꆡ쒣탍볙짨볙짨쫐뎡짏듦퓚N룶뺺헹뗄뎧짌,쯻쏇짺닺뮥늻볦죝뗄닺욷,웤쫐뎡럝뛮럖뇰캪q1,q2,ꆭ,qNΖ춬쪱,볙짨쿻럑헟욫뫃캪Η,늢쟒퓚\[0,1\짏]뻹퓈럖늼;랴펳닺욷i뗄췸싧췢늿킧펦뗄몯쫽캪:k+ΑiõqiN훖닺욷뮥늻볦죝ꆡz=qiNNfi(z)=k+Αi6qiN훖닺욷췪좫볦죝ꆡz=6qii=1i=1웤훐:k캪닺욷뗄뛀솢볛횵,벴,벴쪹쎻폐웤쯻쿻럑헟쪹폃닺욷쪱뗄볛횵,떱k=0뗄쪱뫲,퓲룃훖닺욷캪뒿췸싧닺욷,샽죧뗧뮰ꆢ뗧ퟓ폊볾뗈;Αi쫇뫢솿i닺욷췸싧췢늿탔잿뛈뗄쾵쫽,늢쟒싺ퟣ0ΦΑiΦ1;z쫇i닺욷틔벰웤볦죝닺욷쯹탎돉뗄낲ힰ믹뒡(installedbase)Ζ떱뗚i닺욷뗄볛룱캪pi쪱,쿻럑헟릺싲룃닺욷뗄킧폃몯쫽캪:ui(Η,z)=Ηfi(z)-piꆡꆡ캪늻쪧튻냣탔,붫N룶뎧짌뗄쫐뎡럝뛮qi뇪ힼ뮯캪0ΦqiΦ1,늢쟒내헕듓듳떽킡뗄쮳탲업쇐캪q1Εq2Εq3ΕꆭΕqN,벴qiΕqi+1;늢쟒볙짨fN+1(z)=0,pN+1=0,쓇쎴,뛔릺싲닺욷i뫍닺욷j뗄킧폃컞닮틬뗄뇟볊쿻럑헟붫싺ퟣ쳵볾:Ηfi(z)-pi=Ηfi+1(z)-pi+1(1)ꆡꆡ틲듋,룃뇟볊쿻럑헟뗄욫뫃캪:Η3pi-pi+1i=,ꆡi=1,2,ꆭ,N(2)fi(z)-fi+1(z)ꆡꆡ욫뫃쮮욽Η>Η3i뗄쿻럑헟붫릺싲닺욷i,뛸욫뫃Η<Η3i뗄쿻럑헟붫릺싲닺욷i+1,룹뻝뇪ힼ뗄닺욷ퟝ쿲닮틬뮯쒣탍,욫뫃싺ퟣΗ3i<Η<Ηi-1뗄쿻럑헟붫릺싲닺욷iΖ헢퇹,뗚i훖닺욷뗄쫐뎡럝뛮붫캪:qi=Η3i-1-Η3i,ꆡi=1,2,ꆭ,N(3)ꆡꆡퟜ뗄쫐뎡럝뛮캪:NQ=6qj=1-ΗN,ꆡi=1,2,ꆭ,N(4)j=1ꆡꆡ죧춼1쯹쪾:춼1평(2)쪽뿉뗃:Ηifi(z)-Ηifi+1(z)=pi-pi+1Ηi+1fi+1(z)-Ηi+1fi+2(z)=pi+1-pi+2Ηi+2fi+2(z)-Ηi+2fi+3(z)=pi+2-pi+3(5)ΗN-1fN-1(z)-ΗN-1fN(z)=pN-1-pNΗNfN(z)+ΗNfN+1(z)=pN-pN+1
뗚11웚췸싧닺튵캢맛쫐뎡뷡릹퇐뺿49ꆡꆡ붫(5)훐쯹폐뗈쪽쿠볓,뿉뗃:pi=Ηifi(z)-fi+1(z)(Ηi-Ηi+1)-fi+2(z)(Ηi+1-Ηi+2)-ꆭ-fN(z)(ΗN-1-ΗN)N=Ηifi(z)-6[(Ηj-1-Ηj)fj(z)]j=i+1ꆡꆡ뷸뛸평(3)쪽뫍(4)쪽,뿉쟳뗃뎧짌i뗄쫐뎡탨쟳몯쫽캪:iNpi(qi,z)=1-6qjfi(z)-6qjõfj(z),ꆡj=1,2,ꆭ,N(6)j=1j=i+13ꆡ췪좫늻볦죝뗄쫐뎡뷡릹럖컶ꆡ췪좫늻볦죝뗄쫐뎡탨쟳쳘헷떱N룶뎧짌뗄닺욷췪좫늻볦죝뗄쪱뫲,췸싧췢늿탔몯쫽캪:fi(z)=k+ΑiqiΖ헢쪱,평(6)쪽뗃떽뎧짌i뗄쫐뎡탨쟳쟺쿟캪:iNpi(qi)=(k+Αiqi)1-6qj-6[(k+Αjõqj)õqj](7)j=1j=i+1ꆡꆡ뎧짌i뗄샻죳몯쫽캪:iN0i(qi)=piõqi=(k+Αiõqi)1-6qj-6[(k+Αjõqj)õqj]qij=1j=i+1ꆡꆡ쇮50i(qi)=0,뿉뗃떽쪹뎧짌i샻죳ퟮ듳뮯뗄튻뷗쳵볾(FOC):5qiipi+qiõΑiõ1-6qj-k-Αiõqi=0(8)j=1벴:iNNΑ2iõ2qi1-6qj-qi=6Α2jqj-kõ1-qi-6qj(9)j=1j=i+1j=1죴k=0,쓇쎴룃닺욷캪뒿췸싧닺욷,틲듋룹뻝(9)쪽뿉틔뗃떽N룶뎧짌탎돉뗄쫐뎡뷡릹맘쾵,폃뻘헳Aꆤb=0뗄탎쪽뇭쪾캪:322q1-22q1q2q3ꆭ2qNΑ10322q2-2q2(1-q1)q2ꆭ2qNΑ200032q3-22q3(1-q1-q2)qNAb=Α3=0N-1000032qN-2qN1-6qjΑNj=1웤훐R(A)=N-1.춬쪱,뻹뫢ힴ첬쿂뗄쿻럑헟쪣폠캪NNNC1S=6ꇒΗi-1(Ηfi(qi)-pi)dΗ=ΑΗ6iõ3qi+qiõ6Αjõ2qj(10)i=1ii=12j=i+1ꆡꆡ짧믡뢣샻몯쫽뇭쪾캪NNSW=CS+60i=6ꇒΗNii-1(Ηqifi(qi))dΗ=6Α2Ηiqiõ1+-i26qj(11)i=1i=1i=1j=ꆡ쿠춬췸싧췢늿탔잿뛈쿂뗄쫐뎡럖컶캪쪹뷡싛볲뮯,컒쏇좡Αi=(i=1,2,ꆭ,N),춨맽쫽횵볆쯣뿉뗃떽떱쯹폐뗄뎧짌뻟폐쿠춬뗄췸싧췢늿탔잿뛈쾵쫽쪱,뎧짌뗄닺솿ꆢ볛룱ꆢ쿻럑헟쪣폠틔벰짧믡뢣샻폫뺺헹뎧짌쫽솿N뗄뇤뮯맘쾵Ζ죧뇭1,뇭2쯹쪾Ζ
50쾵춳릤돌샭싛폫쪵볹2003쓪11퓂뇭1ꆡN룶뎧짌퓚쿠춬췸싧췢늿탔잿뛈쿂뗄닺솿뫍볛룱NNq1q2q36qp1p2p3ii=(Αi=,i=1,2,ꆭ,N)뇭2ꆡN룶뎧짌퓚쿠춬췸싧췢늿탔잿뛈쿂뗄샻죳ꆢ쿻럑헟쪣폠틔벰짧믡뢣샻NN01020360CSSWii=(Αi=,i=1,2,ꆭ,N)듓(9)쪽뫍뇭1ꆢ뇭2뗄쫽횵볆쯣훐컒쏇뿉틔뾴떽,떱췸싧췢늿탔잿뛈쿠뗈뗄쪱뫲,뎧짌뗄쫐뎡럝뛮폫췸싧잿뛈컞맘;췸싧췢늿탔횻펰쿬볛룱ꆢ샻죳ꆢ쿻럑헟쪣폠틔벰짧믡뢣샻,늢쟒폫췸싧췢늿탔잿뛈돉헽쿠맘맘쾵Ζ떱췸싧쫐뎡훐닎폫뺺헹뗄늻볦죝뎧짌퓶볓쪱,잰3볒ퟮ듳뎧짌뗄닺솿ꆢ볛룱틔벰샻죳뚼틲캪뺺헹뗄볓뻧뛸복짙;쇭튻랽쏦,ퟜ뗄쫐뎡럝뛮좴벱뻧뗘퓶뎤,듓퓶볓떽쇋,벸뫵뢲룇쇋헻룶쫐뎡Ζ쯦ퟅ뺺헹뎧짌뗄퓶뛠,쿻럑헟믱뗃쇋룼뛠뗄쪣폠,뇭쿖캪CS듓슢뛏뎧짌쪱뗄퓶볓떽쇋7볒뎧짌N쪱뫲뗄;떫쫇쇭튻랽쏦,60i,벴헻룶닺튵뗄샻죳튲평폚뺺헹뗄볓뻧뛸놻ꆰ쟖쪴ꆱ,늢쟒복짙뗄럹i=1뛈듳폚쇋쿻럑헟쪣폠CS퓶볓뗄럹뛈,듓뛸쪹짧믡뗄ퟜ뢣샻SW돶쿖쇋싔캢뗄쿂붵Ζ평듋뿉볻,퓚늻볦죝뗄쫐뎡뷡릹쿂,뺺헹쯤좻쓜릻쳡룟쿻럑헟쪣폠,떫좴퇏훘뗘쯰몦뎧짌뗄샻틦,듓뛸쿷죵쇋짧믡뗄ퟜ뢣샻Ζꆡ늻춬췸싧췢늿탔잿뛈쿂뗄쫐뎡럖컶캪볲뮯럖컶,컒쏇틔솽룶뎧짌캪샽,뛔늻춬췸싧췢늿탔잿뛈쿂뗄쫐뎡뺺헹뻹뫢뷸탐퇐뺿Ζ룹뻝(9)쪽,튪싺ퟣ볙짨쳵볾q1Εq2,쓇쎴뎧짌1뫍뎧짌2뗄췸싧췢늿탔잿뛈뇘탫싺ퟣ4Α2ΦΑ1Φ1Ζ떱9좡Α2=쪱,뿉틔볆쯣뗃떽뇭3Ζ평뇭3훐뿉틔뾴떽,죧맻뎧짌2뗄췸싧췢늿탔잿뛈만뚨캪Α2=쪱,쓇쎴떱뎧짌1뗄췸싧췢늿탔잿뛈Α1듓떽훰붥퓶잿쪱,웤쫐뎡럝뛮ꆢ볛룱틔벰샻죳뚼퓚훰붥퓶볓;뛸뛔뎧짌2뛸퇔,평폚췸싧췢늿탔잿뛈뗄쿠뛔복죵뛸떼훂쫐뎡럝뛮ꆢ볛룱틔벰샻죳뗄뻸뛔복짙Ζퟜ쳥뛸퇔,닺튵뗄쫐뎡럝뛮뫍샻죳뚼평폚뎧짌1췸싧췢늿탔잿뛈뗄퓶잿뛸퓶볓Ζ
뗚11웚췸싧닺튵캢맛쫐뎡뷡릹퇐뺿51뇭3ꆡ솽룶뎧짌퓚늻춬췸싧췢늿탔잿뛈쿂뗄뛔뇈럖컶2Α1q1q2Qp1p2010260ii=1Α1=Α1=Α1=Α1=Α1=Α1=Α1=Α1=(N=2,Α2=)4ꆡ췪좫볦죝뗄쫐뎡뷡릹럖컶ꆡ뎧짌볦죝쪱뗄쫐뎡탨쟳쳘헷춬퇹평(6)쪽,뗃떽떱N룶뎧짌췪좫볦죝쪱i뎧짌뗄쫐뎡탨쟳쟺쿟:iNNpi(qi,Q)=QΑi1-6qj-6Αjõqj+(1-Q)õk,웤훐Q=6qj(12)j=1j=i+1j=1ꆡꆡ룹뻝샻죳ퟮ듳뮯뗄튻뷗쳵볾,뿉뗃:50i(qi,Q)=pi+qiõ5pi5Qi5qiiN=(Q+qi)Αi1-6qj-6Αjõqj-k+k-ΑiõqiõQ=0(13)j=1j=i+1ꆡꆡ떱k=0,Αj=Α,(j=1,2,ꆭ,N),벴N룶뎧짌쳡릩뻟폐쿠춬췸싧잿뛈뗄뒿췸싧닺욷쪱,룹뻝(12)쪽,뿉틔뗃떽:Q2-Qqi=1-2Q,ꆡi=1,2,ꆭ,Nꆡꆡ평폚듦퓚N룶헢퇹뗄닺솿뻹뫢,틲듋룹뻝뛔돆탔,퓚뻟폐쿠춬췸싧췢늿탔잿뛈늢쟒췪좫볦죝뗄뒿췸싧쫐뎡뷡릹훐,쎿룶뎧짌뗄닺솿쫇쿠뗈뗄,웤닺솿듳킡횻폫닎폫뺺헹뗄뎧짌쫽솿폐맘,벴:QN+1qi=N=N,i=1,2,ꆭ,(NN(14)+2)ꆡꆡ헢쪱췪좫볦죝쟩뿶쿂뗄쿻럑헟쪣폠캪:NNCS=6ꇒΗi-1(Ηõfi(QΑ2Niqi)-pi)dΗ=6QΗ+qi26(Αjõqj)(15)i=1ii=1j=i+1ꆡꆡ짧믡뢣샻캪:NSW=6ꇒΗNii-1(Ηõfi(Q))dΗ=Η6ΑiõqiõQqi1+-26qj(16)i=1ii=1j=ꆡ쿠춬췸싧췢늿탔잿뛈뗄쫐뎡뷡릹럖컶쿂쏦컒쏇춨맽좡Αi=,i=1,2,ꆭ,N럖컶퓚쿠춬뗄췸싧췢늿탔쳵볾쿂,N룶뎧짌뺺헹뗄쫐뎡뻹뫢뷡릹Ζ볆쯣뿉뗃뇭4Ζ듓뇭4훐컒쏇뿉틔뾴떽,퓚쯹폐뗄뎧짌뻟폐쿠춬뗄췸싧췢늿탔잿뛈늢쳡릩볦죝뗄닺욷쪱,쎿룶뎧짌뻟폐쿠춬뗄쫐뎡럝뛮;쯦ퟅ쫐뎡짏뺺헹뎧짌뗄퓶뛠,쎿룶뎧짌뗄럝뛮ꆢ볛룱틔벰샻죳뚼붫복짙;쯤좻닺튵뗄ퟜN쳥쫐뎡럝뛮6qi믡쯦뺺헹뎧짌뗄퓶뛠뛸퓶볓,떫닺튵ퟜ쳥샻죳붫쯦횮붵뗍Ζi=1
52쾵춳릤돌샭싛폫쪵볹2003쓪11퓂뇭4ꆡ췸싧췢늿탔잿뛈쿠춬쪱뗄닺솿ꆢ볛룱ꆢ쿻럑헟쪣폠틔벰짧믡뢣샻NNNqi6qipi0i60iCSSWi=1i=(Αi=,i=1,2,ꆭ,N)쇭튻랽쏦컒쏇뿉틔뾴떽,폫늻볦죝뗄쫐뎡뷡릹늻춬뗄쫇:뺺헹뗄퓶볓듙뷸쇋쿻럑헟쪣폠뗄쿔훸쳡룟,늢쟒웤쳡룟럹뛈듳폚닺튵샻죳뗄복짙럹뛈,틲뛸쪹뗃짧믡ퟜ쳥뢣샻쳡룟,벴,퓚볦죝뗄쫐뎡뷡릹훐,뺺헹쯤좻춬퇹쓜릻쿷죵뎧짌뗄펮샻쓜솦,떫쫇좴벫듳뗘쳡룟쿻럑헟쪣폠,듓뛸듙뷸뺭볃퓋탐킧싊뗄쳡룟뫍짧믡뢣샻뗄룄짆Ζ뷸튻늽뗘,붫뇭4폫뇭2훐뗄CSꆢSW솽쿮뷸탐뛔뇈럖컶뫳뿉틔뾴떽,볦죝쫐뎡뷡릹쿂뗄쿻럑헟쪣폠뫍짧믡뢣샻뚼룟폚늻볦죝쫐뎡뷡릹훐뗄쿻럑헟쪣폠뫍짧믡뢣샻,틲듋듙뷸뎧짌횮볤뗄볦죝탔돉캪짧믡맜훆헟뗄쫗튪쒿뇪Ζ샽죧퓚뗧탅닺튵훐,맺볊뗧탅솪쏋(ITU)뫍룷맺헾뢮뚼듳솦쪵탐뮥솪뮥춨맜훆;퓚컒맺틆뚯춨탅쫐뎡짏,평탅쾢닺튵늿돶쏦킭뗷훐맺솪춨뫍훐맺틆뚯횮볤늻쓜뮥랢뛌쿻쾢뗄ힴ뿶Ζꆡ늻춬췸싧췢늿탔잿뛈쿂뗄쫐뎡뷡릹뫍럖컶췪좫늻볦죝뗄쫐뎡뷡릹샠쯆뗄,컒쏇죔좻틔솽룶뎧짌캪샽,퇐뺿췪좫볦죝뗄쫐뎡뷡릹훐췸싧췢늿탔뗄쿠뛔잿죵뛔쫐뎡뻹뫢뗄펰쿬Ζ쫗쿈,튪싺ퟣ볙짨쳵볾q1Εq2,쓇쎴솽룶뎧짌뗄췸싧잿뛈뇘탫싺ퟣΑ1ΕΑ2;웤듎,컒쏇죔좻좡뎧짌2뗄췸싧췢늿탔잿뛈캪Α2=,볆쯣뗃떽뇭5Ζ뇭5ꆡ솽룶볦죝뎧짌퓚늻춬췸싧췢늿탔잿뛈쿂뗄뛔뇈럖컶2Α1q1q2Qp1p2010260ii=1Α1=Α1=Α1=Α1=Α1=(N=2,Α2=)듓뇭5훐뿉틔뾴떽,죧맻뎧짌2뗄췸싧췢늿탔잿뛈만뚨캪Α2=쪱,쓇쎴떱뎧짌1뗄췸싧췢늿탔잿뛈Α1듓떽훰붥퓶잿쪱,웤쫐뎡럝뛮ꆢ볛룱틔벰샻죳뚼퓚훰붥퓶볓;뛸뛔뎧짌2뛸퇔,평폚췸싧췢늿탔잿뛈뗄쿠뛔복죵뛸떼훂쫐뎡럝뛮ꆢ볛룱틔벰샻죳뗄뻸뛔복짙Ζퟜ쳥뛸퇔,닺튵뗄쫐뎡럝뛮뫍샻죳뚼평폚뎧짌1뗄췸싧췢늿탔퓶잿뛸퓶볓Ζ캪쇋뷸튻늽퇐뺿,붫뇭5폫뇭3뷸탐뛔뇈럖컶뿉틔뾴떽:1)퓚늻볦죝뗄쫐뎡뷡릹쿂,쫐뎡럝뛮뷏듳뎧짌뗄췸싧췢늿탔잿뛈Α1뿉틔뗍폚쫐뎡럝뛮뷏킡뗄뎧짌Α2,떫퓚볦죝뗄쫐뎡뷡릹쿂,쫐뎡럝뛮뷏듳뎧짌뗄췸싧잿뛈퓲튻뚨룟폚쫐뎡럝뛮뷏킡뗄뎧짌Ζ2)쿠뛔폚늻볦죝뗄쫐뎡뷡릹뛸퇔,볦죝쪱뗄쫐뎡ퟜ솿Q쯤좻
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