ഈᆣ৳ކ࣮࠹߃ֻ௹ज़ี ᅨיږཋᇅაܢࡎэ࣮ ഈݚࢌ๙ն࿐ज़ีቆğԊڃđਾݚđ໓ڃđଥఓݓ ज़ีླྀטದğഈݚᆣಊࢌၞ෮ӧᅝڃ ଢ ଽಸิေllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllll 1 ႄ llllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllll 2 ݓଽຓ࣮ބൌࢺകllllllllllllllllllll 3 ധᆣಊࢌၞ෮ᅨיږཋᇅࠏᇅ֥ൎခ۪lllllll 4 ᅨיږཋᇅؓੀྟ႕ཙ֥ൌᆣ࣮lllllllllll 5 ᅨיږཋᇅؓѯྟ႕ཙ֥ൌᆣ࣮lllllllllll 6 ࢲંაᆟҦࡹၰllllllllllllllllllllllll ҕॉ໓ངllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllll
ଽಸิေğЧज़ี൮༵ؓႵܱᅨיږཋᇅ֥ݓଽຓ࣮Ӯݔބൌࣉྛਔ߭ܤބඍđѩؓധᆣಊ൧ӆᅨיږཋᇅᇅ؇νஆ֥ൎခ۪ቔਔࡥֆ֥ࢺകĠಖުٳљ۳ԛᆷ౺ࠏᇅ༯֥ܢௐੀྟބ൧ӆੀྟ࠹ෘٚمđѩᄎႨᆃུ؇ਈٚمđՖ҂࢘؇ൌᆣ࣮ਔᅨיږཋᇅؓੀྟބѯྟ֥႕ཙb࣮ࢲݔіૼđఞ֥֒ᅨיږཋᇅ҂ࣇཋᇅਔၳӈѯđطᄹࡆਔੀྟĠཌྷֹّđ҂ఞ֥֒ᅨיږཋᇅ҂ࣇᄹࡆਔѯྟđّطᄝ၂קӱ؇ഈ္ჿඏਔੀྟbၹՎđૌಪູđᄝᄹࡆ൧ӆࢌၞૼ؇֥ࠎԤഈđ٢ॺࠇ౼ཨᅨיږཋᇅđ࠻҂Ӿࡎ۬ؿགྷđᄝ၂ק่ࡱ༯ႻିཋᇅܢௐखਛѯbหљֹđᄝႵ่ࡱႵсေ֥౦ঃ༯đؓཬܢaࠛҵܢaྐუ֥֮ഈ൧܄ඳ࿃ൌྛᅨיږ10Ċ֥ཋᇅđطؓնܢđࠛႪܢđۚ൧ᆴܢބྐუ֥ۚഈ൧܄ඳ౼ཨᅨיږཋᇅbؓໃটܢᆷစളӁ֥ഡ࠹ഈđᇯ҄౼ཨࠇڿэӮٳܢ֥ᅨיږཋᇅऎႵᇗေၩၬbཋႿဢЧඔਈބൈࡗ֥ܱ༢đᆃᇕ؎ߎႵ၂ק֥अཋྟđླေࣉ၂࣮҄bਸ਼ຓđᄝ၂ק౦ঃ༯൧ӆ֥ݖٳѯॖି൞ႮႿሧᆀ֥ொݺaәቔaྐ༏٤ؓӫྟބݖ؇ّႋ֩ၹᄯӮ֥đطᆃུჰၹޓ๙ݖᅨיږཋᇅࢳथb ႄ ᅨיږཋᇅčprice limitsĎႻӫᅨי๔ϰཋᇅbᅨיږཋᇅ൞Ⴎ൧ӆܿᄵཋᇅᆣಊࡎ۬ᄎ֥၂ᇕದູծീđଢభᄝൗࢸྸ؟௹ࠊ൧ӆބܢௐ൧ӆᇏ௴ђႨᅨיږཋᇅđᄝܢௐ൧ӆᇏൌགྷᅨיږཋᇅ֥ᇶေႵϏն০aمݓaၩն০aರЧaݢݓa༆ۢaб০ൈaઔট༆aހধa༆ϫaೋൖaݓaᇏݓຖaഈݚބധᎪđၹՎđᅨיږཋᇅࠏᇅсಖ႕ཙൗࢸᆣಊ൧ӆbෙಖದૌಪ്࣮֞ᅨיږཋᇅ֥ᇗေྟđ൞ᅨיږཋᇅؓࡎ۬ѯྟ႕ཙധೆ֥קਈ࣮ߎޓഒbᇅקᅨיږཋᇅ֥ଢ֥൞ၝᇅܢௐࡎ۬նږѯđٝᆸሧᆀ֥ݖࠗྛູđؓՎଢ֥ൌགྷაڎթᄝྸ؟ٳఆbЧज़ี൫Ֆ҂֥࢘؇đ๙ݖնਈ֥ൌᆣ࣮đটંᆣᇏݓܢௐ൧ӆൌീᅨיږཋᇅི֥Ⴈb Ч࣮Б֥ۡࢲܒೂ༯ğֻ၂҆ٳؓݓଽຓ࣮ӮݔބൌࣉྛሸඍĠֻؽ҆ٳؓധᆣಊࢌၞ෮ᅨיږཋᇅᇅ؇֥ؿᅚൎࣉྛਔࡥေ߭ܤĠֻ҆ٳ۳ԛЧ࣮Бۡ෮Ⴈ֥ੀྟ؇ਈٚمĠֻඹ҆ٳ۳ԛЧ࣮Бۡ෮Ⴈ֥ѯྟ؇ਈٚمĠֻ҆ٳ࣮ᅨיږཋᇅؓੀྟ֥႕ཙĠֻੂ҆ٳ࣮ᅨיږཋᇅؓѯྟ֥႕ཙĠቋު۳ԛࢲંބ 1
ᆟҦࡹၰb ݓଽຓ࣮ބൌࢺക ଢభؓᅨיږཋᇅ֥࣮ᇶေࠢᇏᄝ௹ࠊ൧ӆބܢௐ൧ӆbᄝ௹ࠊ൧ӆᅨיږཋᇅ֥[1-5]࣮ᇏđᄡൌྛᅨיږཋᇅ֥ܴׄಪູđࡎ۬ᅨיږཋᇅቅᆸਔࡎ֥۬ࠞ؊ᄎđູྐ༏֥ݖ؇ّ႘ิ܂ਔ၂۱ಏ௹đѩႮႿᅨיږཋᇅჿඏਔᄝࢌၞ௹ࡗ֥ࡎ۬э߄đ[6-11]ॖၛࡨഒᄝ௹ࠊކჿᇏమᄝ֥ິჿڄགbّ֥ܴؓׄಪູđູਔղ֞ࡎ۬໗קэ߄֥ଢ֥đݖٳ֥ᅨיږཋᇅ߶ႮႿӾࡎ۬ղ֞Ⴕི֥नޙඣđՖطᇌਔࡎ۬ؿགྷݖӱb[12-14]ّؓᅨיږཋᇅ֥ਸ਼၂۱ᇗေܴׄಪູđᅨיږཋᇅऎႵঘࡎ۬ࢤ࣍ཋᇅ֥oՈെིႋpđࠧ֒ࡎ۬ࠧࡼࢤ࣍ᅨיږཋᇅൈđࢌၞਈ٢նđᅨיږཋᇅࣉ၂҄ঘࡎ۬ࢤ࣍ᅨי๔ϰb [3đ15]ܱႿܢௐ൧ӆᅨיږཋᇅ֥࣮đᄡ֥ܴׄಪູđᅨיږཋᇅؓႿ॥ᇅѯऎႵਆ۱ٚ૫֥ቔႨđֻ၂൞ࡹ৫ਔࡎ۬ჿඏđֻؽ൞ᄝॣߚྟࢌၞ௹ࡗิ܂ਔ၂۱ކֹᇗྍܙࡎ֥ൈࡗbᅨיږཋᇅ֥ܱᄝႿ൞ቅᆸࠇཋᇅܢௐࡎ֥۬ഈശࠇ༯ࢆӑݖყ༵ಒק֥ඣđѩູߚ֥ࢌၞᆀิ܂ਔ၂؍ିܔ࣡༯ট֥ൈࡗđٝᆸԛགྷ҂ᇆ֥ࠞ؊ྛ[16]ູb൙ൌഈđྸ؟ᇝࢌၞ෮ၘࣜҐႨਔರᅨיږཋᇅbؓೂޅކֹಒקᅨיږཋᇅ֥Ⴕ০ٚ૫֥࣮ഉ҂؟đ໓ང[4]֥࣮ؿགྷđղ֞ᅨיږཋᇅၛު֥ࡎّ۬ሇބఃު֥ᆞᆣૼਔݖ؇ّႋ֥թᄝđૌ္ؿགྷղ֞ᅨיږཋᇅၛުѯ໗ק༯টb [17-20]ਸ਼၂ٚ૫đ֥ܴׄಪູđᅨיږཋᇅᇀഒթᄝ۱໙ีđࠧѯྟၮԛaࡎ۬ؿགྷӾބੀྟۄಠbѯྟၮԛ൞ᆷᅨיږཋᇅቅᆸਔᄝ၂۱ࢌၞರଽն֥ࡎ۬э߄đѩᆷ҂ޙ҂ି৫֤࣯ࠧ֞ᆞđᆃࡼᄝෛުࠫ۱ࢌၞರᇏႄఏ۷ն֥ѯbࡎ۬ؿགྷӾ൞ᆷܢௐࡎ۬ᄎ൳ཋᇅđܢௐࡎ۬ॖିᄝ֒ರ҂ି֞ղૌ֥नޙࡎ۬đсྶ֩րֻ֞ؽ۱čࠇ۷ӾĎࢌၞ௹ࡗđҌିཟૌ֥ᆇൌࡎ۬b1998୍Chen္֥࣮ಪູᅨיږཋᇅ҂ࣇӾਔࡎ۬ؿགྷݖӱđൈؓ൧ӆҕაᆀੀྟӮЧ္Ӂളਔ႕ཙbੀྟۄಠ൞ᆷᅨיږཋᇅቅᆸࢌၞđࡨഒ֒ൈܢௐੀྟđطႄఏֻؽ฿čࠇ۷ӾĎੀྟࢌၞᄹࡆ֥གྷའb [21]Kim KބRheeᄝ1997୍ิ܂ਔّؓᅨיږཋᇅ֥၂ུᆣऌbૌؓתࣘܢௐࢌၞ෮ᅨיږཋᇅࠏᇅაѯྟඣaࡎ۬৵࿃ྟaّሇࠃބࢌၞࠃো֥ܱ༢ࣉྛਔဒđࢲݔіૼđીႵղ֞ᅨיږཋᇅ֥ܢௐѯޓॹղ֞ᆞӈඣđطղ֞ᅨיږཋᇅ֥ܢௐѯ۷ࡆखਛčѯྟၮԛĎĠીႵղ֞ᅨיږཋᇅܢௐ֥ࡎ۬ࣜӈ৵࿃э߄đطղ֞ᅨיږཋᇅ֥ܢௐࡎ۬ࣜӈ҂৵࿃э߄čࡎ۬ؿགྷӾĎĠղ֞ᅨיږཋᇅࢌၞರᆭު֥ࢌၞࠃᄁӱ؇ࡼᄹ఼đط෮Ⴕఃܢௐࠃᄁӱ؇ૼཁࡨčੀྟۄಠĎb ՎຓđKimߎᄝ2000୍࣮ਔᇏݓຖބݓܢௐ൧ӆᅨיཋᇅ౦ঃđ֤ԛѯྟն[22]֥ܢௐaࠃᄁ֥ܢௐބཬ൧ᆴ֥ܢௐ֞ղᅨיཋᇅ֥ࠏ߶նႿఃܢௐ֥ࢲંbႿ2001 2
୍ؓᇏݓຖܢௐ൧ӆࣉ၂҄ࣉྛٳ؍ဒđႻ၂Ցᆣૼࢠ֥֮ᅨיږཋᇅѩ҂ିࢆ֮ѯ[23]ྟđဢࢠॺ֥ᅨיږཋᇅ္҂ିᄹնѯྟbၹູᇏݓຖܢௐ൧ӆᅨיږཋᇅږ؇ᅎطႻᄻႵݖ؟ᇕ҂ږ؇֥ൎđ෮ၛKimؓຖܢௐ൧ӆ࣮ᅨיږཋᇅ۷ऎႵᇗေၩၬb Kimᄝ2001୍෮Ґ౼o֥భުؓᅶp֥ٚمթᄝሢ҂ॖक़ڛ֥ಌׄğၹູمஆԢᅨaי๔ϰᇅ؇ၛຓ֥ఃၹ֥႕ཙđ෮ၛᆃো࣮෮֤֥֞ࢲંສສႄఏޓն֥ᆚၰđؓ෮࣮֥໙ีϺᇹ҂նb২ೂđKimᄝ2001୍֥࣮ᆣൌਔᄝૌ෮ဒ֥۲ൈࡗ؍ଽܢ൧֥໗קྟაᅨיږཋᇅ֥ܱ༢đ൞ھ໓مᆣൌᆃᇕэ߄টჷႿᅨיږ؇֥э߄ط҂൞ఃၹđ൙ൌഈđKimѩીႵॉ੮భ૫෮ඍ֥ࠎЧ૫aᆟҦ૫aޡܴ૫֥ၹđཁಖ֥ࢲં҂ປಆॖौb 2001୍Huangؓᇏݓຖᆣಊࢌၞ෮ᄝ1990୍ᇀ1996୍௹ࡗൌྛᅨיږཋᇅ֥ܢௐ[24đ25]֥ࡎ۬ྛູࣉྛਔൌᆣ࣮đࢲݔіૼղ֞ᅨיږཋᇅ֥ܢௐֻؽ฿࿃ခሢཋᇅ֥ٚཟᄎđಖުࡎ۬ؿളّሇbႮႿᅨיږཋᇅӾਔݖ؇ّႋđѩᄝࢤ༯ট֥ࢌၞ௹ࡗݖ؇ّႋ֤࣯֞ᆞđࢲݔაݖ؇ّႋࡌഡ൞၂ᇁ֥b ႮႿݓᆣಊ൧ӆᄎྛൈࡗ҂Ӊđؓᅨיږཋᇅ֥࣮ߎ҂؟đ1999୍᧶ཫԽษંਔᅨי๔ϰᇅ؇༯֥ष٢ൔࠎࣁđಪູᅨי๔ϰᇅ؇߶۳ࠎࣁᄎቔջটᇭ؟҂০đႋھ౼[26]ཨᅨי๔ϰᇅ؇b2000୍ޱᠱބஔྮ઼֥࣮ಪູᅨי๔ϰᇅ؇ᄝᆣಊ൧ӆߎ҂ປ֥[27]Ԛ௹൞сေ֥đෛሢ൧ӆ֥ᇯ҄ປႋฐษކ֥ᅨיږཋᇅඣb੧ޡބᅵᆒಆᄝ2000୍ಪູᅨיږཋᇅᄝ؋௹ଽીႵࢆ֮൧ӆѯྟđطՖӉ௹ुಒൌࢆ֮ਔ൧ӆ֥ѯ[28]ྟb2001୍ਾཫڂaਾཫܻބโթᆽ֥ܢௐ൧ӆଆ࣮ಪູđ֒൧ӆܿଆࢠཬൈđᅨיږཋᇅॖၛࢆ֮൧ӆ֥ѯྟĠط֒൧ӆܿଆࢠնൈđ҂ିࢆ֮൧ӆ֥ѯྟđّط[29]߶ࡆख൧ӆ֥҂໗קbჷބീתߩᄝ2001୍ؓᇏݓᆣಊ൧ӆᅨיږཋᇅაѯྟ֥[30]ܱ༢ࣉྛਔ࣮đࢲݔіૼđᄝܢࡎղ֞ᅨיږཋᇅުđܢࡎѯྟေࣜࢠӉൈࡗުҌି߭گ֞ᆞӈඣđӁളѯྟၮԛིႋđՎຓđᅨיږཋᇅߎ֝ᇁਔੀྟۄಠིႋđ֤ሧᆀمࠣൈטᆜሧቆކb ՖགྷႵ֥࣮ࢲંটुđᄡӮބّ֥ܴؓׄႵޓն֥अཋྟđᇶေ൞ؓᅨיږཋᇅࠏ[13]ᇅ֥ಪ്ބ࣮ߎჹ҂ܔധೆđᆞའ1998୍Harris෮ᆷԛ֥ğoᆃٚ૫֥ᆩ൞҂ྜྷ֥đᆭ෮ၛؓᅨיږཋᇅ࣮֥ഒބ҂ܔധೆđ൞ၹູಌഒປᆜ֥ҩਈᅨיږཋᇅӁളࢲݔ֥ٚمpbߐओ߅ඪđૌمܴҩ֞ᄝಌഒᅨיږཋᇅ֥౦ঃ༯ࡼ߶ؿളહ౦ঃb 3 ധᆣಊࢌၞ෮ᅨיږཋᇅࠏᇅ֥ൎခ۪ ഈݚᆣಊࢌၞ෮1990୍12ᄅ19ರᆞൔӮ৫đ୍12ᄅ28षᅨיږཋᇅູ1Ċb1992୍ഈݚᆣಊࢌၞ෮൮Ց٢षᇏൌြa٦ুܢٺਆᆺܢௐ֥ᅨיږཋᇅb3ᄅ27ರࣉ၂҄٢षؽ١ࠏaྖြٜӁ֩6ᆺܢௐ֥ᅨיږཋᇅđྙӮਔݨ֥ܢௐࢌၞo၂൧ᇅpğ 3
චཋᇅđࠧ࠻ཋᅨיږႻཋਈĠֆཋᇅđࠧᆺཋᅨיږ҂ཋਈĠ҂ཋᇅđࠧ҂൳1Ċᅨי๔ϰཋᇅđႻ҂൳30Ċ֥ੀ๙ਈཋᇅbᆰᇀ5ᄅ21ರđ൧Ҍಆ૫٢षܢࡎđഈᆣᆷඔ၂ರᆭଽՖ616ē64ׄ՝ᇀ1265ē79ׄđᅨږղ105Ċbཁಖđ٢षܢࡎa౼ཨᅨיږཋᇅ֥൧ӆࠏᇅؿߨਔቔႨđؓ՜ࣉ൧ӆࢌၞ֥ࠃᄁބ་ႄሧᆀႵࠒࠞቔႨđᆰ֞1996୍12ᄅ13ರđႮႿ֒ൈ֥ܢᆷ৵࿃ഈဘđࠏగٲ୩ިđ୍12ᄅ16ರఏധܢ൧षൌྛ10Ċ֥ರᅨיږཋᇅѩӻ࿃ᇀࣂb ധᎪᆣಊࢌၞ෮1990୍12ᄅ1ರᆞൔӮ৫đषൈܿקᅨaיږ؇नູ10Ċđෛުڿູ5ĊđࢤሢႻ༵ުэ۷ູᅨ๔ϰ1Ċđי๔ϰ5ĊĠᅨ๔ϰĊđי๔ϰ6ĊĠᅨ๔ϰaי๔ϰनູĊĠ1991୍6ᄅ8ರ൮༵٢षoധຣ॓pܢௐ֥ᅨיږཋᇅđՖ1991୍8ᄅ17ರđಆ૫٢षܢࡎཋᇅđીႵᅨיཋᇅ֥ሑঃ၂ᆰӻ࿃֞1996୍12ᄅ13ರҌࢲඏđ1996୍12ᄅ16ರఏषൌྛ10Ċ֥ರᅨיږཋᇅᆰ֞གྷᄝb 1998୍4ᄅ22ರധܢ൧۴ऌധᆣಊࢌၞ෮ܢௐഈ൧ܿᄵֻࣴᅣuഈ൧܄ඳሑঃၳӈ௹ࡗ֥หљԩv֥ܿקđषؓoหљܢௐoࣉྛหљԩđหљԩ֥ܢௐರᅨיږཋᇅູ5Ċb ᅨיږཋᇅؓੀྟ႕ཙ֥ൌᆣ࣮ ෛሢᇏݓᆣಊ൧ӆمੰم֥ܿ҂؎ປđෛሢࠏܒሧᆀބᆣಊሧࠎࣁ֥ؿᅚđᇏݓᆣಊ൧ӆັܴࢲܒ္ᄝుಖؿളэ߄đაՎൈđྸ؟ં۽ቔᆀބൌ࠽۽ቔᆀರၭᇗ൪ؓᆣಊ൧ӆੀྟ֥࣮đྸ؟࣮іૼᆣಊ൧ӆੀྟა൧ӆັܴࢲܒႵܱbሺܴൗࢸ۲ݓᆣಊ൧ӆؿᅚ֥ൎđࡹ৫ੀྟݺ֥൧ӆ൞ᆣಊ൧ӆࡲूႵؿᅚ֥భิbၹՎ࣮ᆣಊ൧ӆ֥ੀྟࠣః؇ਈٚمđࡆ఼ؓ൧ӆੀྟܙđൡൈᄎႨ൧ӆ൭؍ᄹ఼൧ӆੀྟऎႵᇗေ֥ંၩၬބགྷൌၩၬb ੀྟ؇ਈٚم Ԯ؇ਈܢௐੀྟٚمбࢠ؟đఃᇏູܼႨ֥ٚمᇶေႵđࢌၞܢඔQ(∆t)aࢌၞгඔS(∆t)aࢌၞࣁحN(∆t)aߐ൭ੱT(∆t)ބੀ๙؇L(∆t)bӮࢌܢඔބӮࢌгඔᄝੀ๙ܢඔཌྷ֥࣍౦ঃ༯ႨбࢠႵིđӮࢌࣁحᄝੀ๙൧ᆴཌྷ֥࣍౦ঃ༯бࢠႵིđߐ൭ੱބੀ๙؇ٳљ൞ࢌၞܢඔބࢌၞࣁح֥ࣉ၂҄ؿᅚđᄝੀ๙ܢඔބੀ๙൧ᆴႵࢠնҵၳ֥౦ঃ༯္ିࣉྛбࢠđऎႵॖбྟb൞đᆃུٚم၂۱܋֥໙ี൞đ֒ѯږ؇թᄝࢠնҵၳൈđ҂ିᆇᆞّ႘൧ӆ֥ੀྟđᆃ൞ၹູࠧ֒ᆃུᆷѓࢠնൈđѯྟ۷նđ္҂ିඪ൧ӆੀྟࣼݺb ༯૫۳ԛߐ൭ੱބੀ๙؇֥࠹ෘ܄ൔٳљູ T(∆t)=Q(∆t)M(∆t) (1) 4
LM(∆t)+LM(∆t)12L(∆t)=N(∆t) (2) 2ఃᇏđ∆tіൕ෮࣮֥௹ࡗčರaᇛaᄅa୍ބఃൈࡗᇛ௹ĎĠLM(∆t)іൕഈ௹ଌ1ੀ๙൧ᆴĠLM(∆t)іൕЧ௹ଌੀ๙൧ᆴĠM(∆t)іൕ∆t௹ࡗੀ๙ܢඔਈĠQ(∆t)іൕ∆t௹2ࡗ֥Ӯࢌਈᆭބb ᄝБࡎ౺༢ᇏߎॖၛႨॺ؇aധ؇aྟބ႕ཙ৯(Impact)ඹ۱ᆷѓ؇ਈᆣಊ൧ӆੀྟbॺ؇൞ᆷቓ൧അБࡎࡎҵđ၂Ϯಪູॺ؇ᄀཬđ൧ӆࣼᄀࣅૡđࢌၞӮЧࣼᄀ֮đੀྟࣼᄀݺđّᆭੀྟᄀҵbധ؇൞ࡎ۬ૄэ߄၂۱ֆ໊ླေ֥ࢌၞਈđ္ॖၛಪູധ؇൞Ќӻࡎ۬҂э֥ቋնࢌၞਈbཁಖđധ؇ᄀնੀྟᄀݺbྟ൞ᆷႮႿࢌၞႄఏ֥ࡎ۬ѯཨാ֥؇đྟᄀնੀྟᄀݺđൈ္ඪૼ൧ӆི֥ੱᄀۚb൧ӆ႕ཙ৯൞ᆷ֒ࢌၞؿളၛުđ൧ӆࡎ۬ؿളэ߄ൈđ൧ӆ་൬ࢌၞྐ༏֥ି৯đ္ّ႘ਔ֒၂гࢌၞؿളၛުઙછࡎҵঔն֥ӱ؇đ႕ཙ৯ᄀն൧ӆੀྟᄀҵb༯૫۳ԛᆃඹ۱ᆷѓ֥࠹ෘ܄ൔb ູਔ૭ඍ໙ีٚьđႄೊ༯ژݼğp(t)іൕtൈख़ቋႪઙࡎĠp(t)іൕtൈख़ቋ12ႪછࡎĠq(t)іൕtൈख़ቋႪઙࡎູp(t)֥ઙඔਈĠq(t)іൕtൈख़ቋႪછࡎູ112p(t)֥છඔਈĠ∆tіൕ၂гࢌၞ֥ൈࡗĠTіൕ၂гࢌၞؿളުઙછࡎҵ߫گࢌၞభሑ2֥ൈࡗĠq(∆t)іൕᄝ∆tൈࡗଽກઙೆਈᆭބĠq(∆t)іൕᄝ∆tൈࡗଽກછԛਈᆭ12ބĠp(t)іൕtൈख़Ӯࢌࡎ۬Ġq(t)іൕtൈख़Ӯࢌࡎູ۬p(t)֥ࢌၞਈĠMіൕੀ๙ܢඔਈĠTіൕ၂гࢌၞؿളުઙછࡎҵ߫گࢌၞభሑ֥ൈࡗbᄵᄝtൈख़ॺ؇W(t)aധ؇D(t)a ྟR(t)ބI(t)֥࠹ෘ܄ൔٳљູğ W(t)=p(t)−p(t) (3) 12D(t)=p(t)q(t)+p(t)q(t) (4) 1122p(t)−p(t−∆t)11R(t)=T (5) p(t−∆t)1p(t)−p(t−∆t)q(t)11I(t)= (6) p(t−∆t)q(∆t)+q(∆t)112܄ൔ(3)іൕॖၛᆰࢤႨቓ൧അઙછБࡎࡎҵ࠹ෘॺ؇đ܄ൔ(4)іൕႨቓ൧അઙછБࡎ 5
֥ሹᆴ࠹ෘധ؇đ܄ൔ(5)іൕઙٚБࡎࡎ۬э߄бੱაࢌၞؿളުઙછࡎҵ߫گࢌၞభሑ֥ൈࡗᆭбđ܄ൔ(6)іൕઙٚБࡎࡎ۬э߄ੱაཌྷؓࢌၞਈᆭбb܄ൔ(5)ބ܄ൔ(6)္ॖၛႨછٚБࡎp(t)սูઙٚБࡎp(t)b 21ᆃུᆷѓିࢠݺֹख़߂ੀྟđ္ಸၞࢳđᄝᆷ౺ࠏᇅ༯đඔऌࠆ౼Ⴕ၂קb ࠎႿѯ֥ੀྟ؇ਈٚم ᄝᆷ౺ࠏᇅ༯đູਔक़ڛഈඍ࠹ෘੀྟ֥अཋྟđᆃ၂҆ٳ۳ԛܢௐੀྟބ൧ӆੀྟ࠹ෘٚمb ၂aܢௐੀྟ࠹ෘ ࡌഡp(∆t)іൕ௹ࡗູ∆t֥ቋۚӮࢌࡎ۬đp(∆t)іൕ௹ࡗູ∆t֥ቋ֮Ӯࢌࡎ۬đh12іൕቋཬࡎ۬эֆ໊čhĢĎđM(∆t)іൕ∆t௹ࡗੀ๙ܢඔਈĠQ(∆t)іൕ∆t௹ࡗ֥Ӯࢌਈᆭބđᆃൈܢௐੀྟ࠹ෘ܄ൔ Q(∆t)EL(∆t)=VR(∆t) (10) M(∆t)ఃᇏđѯږ؇VR(∆t)іൕູ h⎧֒ࠞ؊౦ঃp(∆t)=p(∆t)ؿളൈ12⎪p(∆t)⎪2VR(∆t)= ⎨p(∆t)−p(∆t)12⎪ڎᄵ⎪p(∆t)⎩2Q(∆t)p(∆t)−p(∆t)12܄ൔč10Ďіૼܢௐੀྟࣼ൞ߐ൭ੱაѯږ؇ᆭбbܢௐM∆p(∆t)(t)2ੀྟ൞ߐ൭ੱ֥ᄹݦඔđ൞ѯږ؇֥ࡨݦඔb ؽa൧ӆੀྟ࠹ෘ ࡌഡ∆tіൕ෮࣮֥௹ࡗčರaᇛaᄅa୍ބఃൈࡗᇛ௹ĎĠLM(∆t)іൕഈ௹ଌੀ1๙൧ᆴĠLM(∆t)іൕЧ௹ଌੀ๙൧ᆴĠp(∆t)іൕ௹ࡗູ∆t֥ቋۚᆷඔĠp(∆t)іൕ௹212ࡗູ∆t֥ቋ֮ᆷඔđN(∆t)іൕ∆t௹ࡗ֥ሹӮࢌࣁحaL(∆t)іൕੀ๙؇đᆃൈ൧ӆੀྟ࠹ෘ܄ൔູ EL(∆t)=L(∆t)VR(∆t) (11) 6
ఃᇏđѯږ؇VR(∆t)іൕູ p(i∆t)−p(i∆t)⎧12֒p(∆t)=p(∆t)ؿളൈ,࿊౼p(i∆t)≠p(i∆t)ቋཬ֥i1212⎪ip(i∆t)⎪2VR(∆t)= ⎨p(∆t)−p(∆t)12⎪ڎᄵ⎪p(∆t)⎩2࠹ෘੀ๙؇L(∆t)܄ൔč2Ďbᆭ෮ၛᆃဢקၬ൧ӆ֥ੀྟđ൞ၹູ֒ݨ֥ࠞ؊౦ঃp(∆t)=p(∆t)ؿളൈđѯږ؇VR(∆t)ູਬđᆃൈੀྟູ౫նđᆃཁಖ൞҂ކ12֥b ܄ൔč11Ďіૼ൧ӆੀྟࣼ൞ੀ๙؇L(∆t)აѯږ؇VR(∆t)ᆭбb൧ӆੀྟ൞ੀ๙؇֥ᄹݦඔđ൞ѯږ؇֥ࡨݦඔb ඔऌটჷა࣮ٚم ൮༵đؓഈݚᆣಊ൧ӆሸކᆷඔᄝ1992୍5ᄅ25ರᇀ1996୍12ᄅ13ರބ1996୍12ᄅ16ರᇀ2001୍12ᄅ29ರਆ۱ࡗ֥ੀྟࣉྛਔбࢠđѩҐႨKruskal-Wallis٤ҕඔဒٚمčၛ༯ࡥӫ K~WဒĎbఃՑđᄝਆ۱ᆣಊ൧ӆෛࠏ࿊౼6ᆺܢௐđࠧധؿᅚaഈݚെ߄aܼԯݓ࠽aᇏఒြaౝݚ௴ބਅൌြđؓૌᄝ1992୍5ᄅ25ರᇀ1996୍12ᄅ13ರބ1996୍12ᄅ16ರᇀ2001୍12ᄅ29ರਆ۱ࡗ֥ੀྟࣉྛਔбࢠbቋުđ࿊౼ਔ3ᆺSTܢௐđٳљູᄄڶaࣁּࡹഡބଲࣘྦྷભbᆃᆺܢௐ֥܋หׄ൞ğՖᆞӈ֥10%ཋᇅ֞5%ཋᇅᄜ֞ᆞӈ֥10%ཋᇅ۱ࢨ؍b Чज़ี෮Ⴈ֥ඔऌಆ҆টჷႿCSMARඔऌ९bھඔऌ९ؓഈ൧܄ඳ֥ޣ০aܢބҷ༥֩ၹࣉྛਔཌྷႋ֥טᆜbᆃбࢠਆ۱ࠇ؟۱ဢЧሹุ֥नᆴࣼҐႨKruskal-Wallis٤ҕඔဒb ৫ဢЧ֥नᆴဒđႵTဒaLeveneဒaK-Wဒ֩۲ᇕဒٚمbႮႿK-Wቔູ٤ҕඔဒٚمđ҂၇ঠႿ࣮эਈ֥ٳ҃ྙđطཌྷ֒؟֥ݓຓൌᆣ࣮Ⴈটဒರᇛིႋđ෮ၛ༯૫္ҐႨK-Wဒb [31]K-WဒႮDaniel(1978)൮༵ิԛđުটФֹܼٗႋႨႿ؟۱৫ဢЧ֥֩ᆴဒbఃჰࡌഡބСᄴࡌഡູğ Hğk۱ਙڛՖनᆴཌྷ֥ٳ҃Ġ 0Hğk۱ਙऎႵ҂֥नᆴb 12ᄵ࠹ਈK−WડቀčkĒ1Ď۱ሱႮ؇֥χٳ҃ğ 7
2kS12j K−W=−3(N+1) č12Ď ∑N(N+1)mj=1j2ఃᇏğNູሹဢЧඔđkູဒؓའ֥ਙඔčؓႿರᇛིႋđkĢ5ĎđSֻູj۱jਙ֥ဢЧٚҵđmֻູj۱ਙ֥ᇇᆴb j ᅨיږཋᇅؓഈݚܢௐ൧ӆੀྟ႕ཙٳ༅ ᆃٳљ࠹ෘഈݚᆣಊ൧ӆᄝ1992୍5ᄅ21ರᇀ1996୍12ᄅ13ರބ1996୍12ᄅ16ರᇀ2000୍12ᄅ29ರਆ؍ൈࡗ֥ੀྟđൈູਔ࿙ᅳರᇛིႋႻٳљ࠹ෘਔᇛ၂ᇀᇛ֥ੀྟđѩࣉྛਔ؟ᆴK-Wဒđ࠹ෘࢲݔބဒࢲݔі1b і1 ഈᆣᆷඔᅨיږཋᇅؓੀྟ֥႕ཙ ൈࡗ؍ 1992,5,21—1996,12,13 1996,12,16—2000,12,29ཋࡎږ؇ ཋᇅ LĒX Q ဢЧඔ ሹุ नᆴ ੀྟ & ဢЧඔ ྒ௹၂ नᆴ ੀྟ ဢЧඔ ྒ௹ؽ नᆴ ੀྟ ဢЧඔ ྒ௹ नᆴ ੀྟ ဢЧඔ ྒ௹ඹ नᆴ ੀྟ ဢЧඔ ྒ௹ नᆴ ੀྟ Ֆі1ᇏॖၛुԛK-Wဒ֥PᆴჹჹཬႿഈݚᆣಊ൧ӆႵᅨיږཋᇅൈ௹֥ੀྟཁᇷնႿᅨיږཋᇅൈ௹֥ੀྟđᆃඪૼᅨיཋᇅิۚਔ൧ӆ֥ੀྟb ਸ਼ຓđૌߎٳљၛ1ರa2ರa3ರބ5ರູֆ໊࠹ෘਔ୍؇ੀྟᆷѓđ࠹ෘބဒࢲݔٳљі2aі3aі4ބі5đՖіᇏॖၛुԛđഈݚᆣಊ൧ӆႵᅨיږཋᇅ֥1997୍ᇀ2000୍֥ੀྟۚႿᅨיږཋᇅ֥1993୍֞1996୍đK-Wဒ֥PᆴჹჹཬႿඪૼࢲݔ൞ཁᇷ֥b 8
і2 ഈᆣᆷඔᅨיږཋᇅؓੀྟ֥႕ཙč3ರĎ ൈࡗ؍ 1992,5,21—1996,12,13 1996,12,16—2000,12,29ཋࡎږ؇ ཋᇅ L X Q ဢЧඔ ሹุ नᆴ ੀྟ & і ഈᆣᆷඔᅨיږཋᇅؓੀྟ֥႕ཙč ರĎ ൈࡗ؍ 1992,5,21—1996,12,13 1996,12,16—2000,12,29ཋࡎږ؇ ཋᇅ L X Q ဢЧඔ नᆴ ሹุ ੀྟ & і ഈᆣᆷඔᅨיږཋᇅؓੀྟ֥႕ཙ 1ರ 2ರ ୍ٺ ࡎ۬ཋᇅ ဢЧඔ ൬ၭ ੀྟ ဢЧඔ ൬ၭ ੀྟ19 j 19 j LĒX Q & & & 9
і ഈᆣᆷඔᅨיږཋᇅؓੀྟ֥႕ཙ 3ರ 5ರ ୍ٺ ࡎ۬ཋᇅ ဢЧඔ൬ၭ ੀྟ ဢЧඔ ൬ၭ ੀྟ j j L X Q & & ᅨיږཋᇅؓ۱ܢੀྟ႕ཙ֥ٳ༅ ᄎႨ܄ൔč10Ďᆃٳљ࠹ෘਔധؿᅚaഈݚെ߄aܼԯݓ࠽aᇏఒြaౝݚ௴ބਅൌြ6ᆺܢௐᄝ1992୍5ᄅ21ರᇀ1996୍12ᄅ13ರބ1996୍12ᄅ16ರᇀ2000୍12ᄅ29ರਆ۱ൈࡗ؍֥ੀྟđൈ္ဒਔರᇛིႋđѩࣉྛਔK-Wဒđ࠹ෘࢲݔі6đ Ֆі6ᇏॖၛؿགྷധؿᅚaഈݚെ߄aᇏఒြބౝݚ௴ඹᆺܢௐᅨיږཋᇅൈ௹֥ੀྟնႿᅨיږཋᇅູ10Ċൈ௹֥ੀྟđܼԯݓ࠽֥K-Wဒ֥Pᆴູ>đ҂ཁᇷđطਅൌြಏّݖটđႵᅨיږཋᇅൈ௹ੀྟč>ĎཁᇷնႿᅨיږཋᇅൈ௹֥ੀྟđᆃॖିაਅൌြੀࠞཬಸၞ॥ҠሺႵܱđ2000୍ഈ϶୍֥ሼ൝ॖၛඪૼᆃ၂ׄb ਸ਼ຓđࣉ၂҄ٳљၛ1ರބ2ರູֆ໊࠹ෘ୍؇नੀྟᆷѓđ࠹ෘބဒࢲݔі7ބі8b 10
і6 ᅨיږཋᇅؓੀྟ֥႕ཙ ܢௐ ཋࡎږ؇ ཋᇅ K-W P ൈࡗ؍ 1992,5,21—1996,12,13 1996,12,16—2000,12,29ဢЧඔ ሹุ ੀྟ ဢЧඔ ྒ௹၂ ੀྟ ဢЧඔ ྒ௹ؽ ധؿᅚੀྟ č00000 ĎဢЧඔ ྒ௹ ੀྟ ဢЧඔ ྒ௹ඹ ੀྟ ဢЧඔ ྒ௹ ੀྟ ൈࡗ؍ 1992,5,21—1996,12,13 1996,12,16—2000,12,29ဢЧඔ ሹุ ੀྟ & ဢЧඔ ྒ௹၂ ੀྟ ဢЧඔ ྒ௹ؽ ഈݚെ߄ੀྟ č ĎဢЧඔ ྒ௹ ੀྟ ဢЧඔ ྒ௹ඹ ੀྟ ဢЧඔ ྒ௹ ੀྟ ൈࡗ؍ 1992,5,21—1996,12,13 1996,12,16—2000,12,29ဢЧඔ ሹุ ੀྟ ဢЧඔ ྒ௹၂ ੀྟ ဢЧඔ ܼԯݓ࠽ྒ௹ؽ ੀྟ č ĎဢЧඔ ྒ௹ ੀྟ ဢЧඔ ྒ௹ඹ ੀྟ ဢЧඔ ྒ௹ ੀྟ 11
࿃і6 ᅨיږཋᇅؓੀྟ֥႕ཙ ܢௐ ཋࡎږ؇ ཋᇅ K-W P ൈࡗ؍ 1992,5,21—1996,12,13 1996,12,16—2000,12,29 ဢЧඔ ሹุ ੀྟ & ဢЧඔ ྒ௹၂ ੀྟ ဢЧඔ ྒ௹ؽ ᇏఒြੀྟ č Ď ဢЧඔ ྒ௹ ੀྟ ဢЧඔ ྒ௹ඹ ੀྟ ဢЧඔ ྒ௹ ੀྟ ൈࡗ؍ 1992,5,21—1996,12,13 1996,12,16—2000,12,29 ဢЧඔ ሹุ ੀྟ & ဢЧඔ ྒ௹၂ ੀྟ & ဢЧඔ ྒ௹ؽ ౝݚ௴ੀྟ & č Ď ဢЧඔ ྒ௹ ੀྟ & ဢЧඔ ྒ௹ඹ ੀྟ & ဢЧඔ ྒ௹ ੀྟ & ൈࡗ؍ 1992,5,21—1996,12,13 1996,12,16—2000,12,29 ဢЧඔ ሹุ ੀྟ & ဢЧඔ ྒ௹၂ ੀྟ ဢЧඔ ਅൌြྒ௹ؽ ੀྟ č Ď ဢЧඔ ྒ௹ ੀྟ ဢЧඔ ྒ௹ඹ ੀྟ ဢЧඔ ྒ௹ ੀྟ 12
і7 ᅨיږཋᇅؓੀྟ֥႕ཙ(ၛ1ರູֆ໊Ď ୍ٺ L X Q & & & & & & і8 ᅨיږཋᇅؓੀྟ֥႕ཙ(ၛ2ರູֆ໊Ď ୍ٺ L X Q & & & & & & Ֆіᇏॖၛुԛđധؿᅚބഈݚെ߄aౝݚ௴ቋն֥ੀؿളᄝ1996୍đܼԯݓ࠽ބᇏఒြቋն֥ੀྟؿളᄝႵᅨיږཋᇅ֥2000୍đطਅൌြၛ1ರູֆ໊࠹ෘੀྟቋն୍֥ٺ൞2000୍đၛ2ರູֆ໊ᄵ൞1998୍đᆃ၂གྷའߎمࢳb ᅨיږགྷའؓ45ܢௐੀྟ႕ཙ֥ٳ༅ ൮༵đϜSTܢௐᄄڶaࣁּࡹഡބଲࣘྦྷભοᅶᅨיږཋᇅ֥ٓຶٳູ۱ࡗđಖުοᅶ܄ൔč10Ď࠹ෘੀྟđѩࣉྛK-Wဒđ࠹ෘࢲݔބဒࢲݔٳљі9aі 13
10ބі11b і9 ᄄڶč000507Ďᅨיږཋᇅؓੀྟ֥႕ཙဒ ൈࡗ؍ 97,1,3i99,4,21 99,4,22—00,4,25 00,4,26—00,12,29ཋࡎږ؇ k-wp k-w p ဢЧඔ ሹุ ੀྟ & ဢЧඔ ྒ௹၂ ੀྟ ဢЧඔ ྒ௹ؽ ੀྟ ဢЧඔ ྒ௹ ੀྟ ဢЧඔ ྒ௹ඹ ੀྟ ဢЧඔ ྒ௹ ੀྟ і10 ࣁּࡹഡč600758Ďᅨיږཋᇅؓੀྟ֥႕ཙဒ ൈࡗ؍ 97,1,3i99,5,4 99,5,4—00,4,25 00,4,26—00,12,29ཋࡎږ؇ k-wp k-w p ဢЧඔ ሹุ ੀྟ & ဢЧඔ ྒ௹၂ ੀྟ ဢЧඔ ྒ௹ؽ ੀྟ & ဢЧඔ ྒ௹ ੀྟ ဢЧඔ ྒ௹ඹ ੀྟ & ဢЧඔ ྒ௹ ੀྟ ՖဒࢲݔुԛᆺSTܢௐᄝࣉྛหљԩ௹ࡗđᅨיږཋᇅູ5ĊൈੀྟཁᇷݺႿᄝՎᆭభᅨיږཋᇅູ10Ċൈ֥ੀྟđطᄄڶބࣁּࡹഡਆᆺܢௐᄝᅨיږཋᇅູ5Ċൈ֥ੀྟಏ҂ཁᇷݺႿᄝՎᆭު֥ᅨיږཋᇅູ10Ċൈ֥ੀྟbଲࣘྦྷભᄝᅨיږཋᇅູ5Ċൈ֥ੀྟಏݺႿᄝՎᆭభބᆭުᅨיږཋᇅູ10Ċൈ֥ੀྟđᆃඪૼᅨיږཋᇅࡨഒીႵཋᇅੀྟb ᆃॖၛႵᅨיږཋᇅൈ௹֥ੀྟնႿᅨיږཋᇅൈ௹֥ੀྟđᅨיږཋᇅཬൈ௹֥ੀྟնႿᅨיږཋᇅնൈ௹֥ੀྟđᆃඪૼݖཬ֥ᅨיږཋᇅթᄝੀྟۄಠބݖ؇ّႋགྷའbᆃაն֥ሧࠏܒәቔSTܢௐႵܱbᆃ҂ቀၛඪૼᅨיږཋᇅ֥ࡨഒᄹ 14
ࡆਔੀྟb і11 ଲࣘྦྷભč600775Ďᅨיږཋᇅؓੀྟ֥႕ཙဒ ൈࡗ؍ 97,1,3i99,1,14 99,1,14—00,4,2700,4,28—00,12,29ཋࡎږ؇ k-wp k-w p ဢЧඔ ሹุ ੀྟ & ဢЧඔ ྒ௹၂ ੀྟ ဢЧඔ ྒ௹ؽ ੀྟ ဢЧඔ ྒ௹ ੀྟ ဢЧඔ ྒ௹ඹ ੀྟ ဢЧඔ ྒ௹ ੀྟ 5 ᅨיږཋᇅؓѯྟ႕ཙ֥ൌᆣ࣮ ѯྟ؇ਈٚم ѯྟ؇ਈٚمႵྸ؟ᇕđఃᇏႨࢠ؟֥Ⴕٚҵa϶ٚҵބࠞҵ֩đૌಪູᆃུٚمႨႿ؇ਈѯྟऎႵ௴ђၩၬđᆃॉ੮֞ರᇛིႋđૌႨSchwertႿ1990୍ิԛ֥ [32]ٚمđႨ༯ൔ݂߭ğ 512ˆˆˆ R=dD+βR+ε č13Ď it∑ikkt∑jit−jitk=1j=1ఃᇏğR൞ܢௐiᄝtರ֥൬ၭੱĠD൞۱ჭđսіᇛ၂ᇀᇛđႨႿݖੲರᇛིႋĠitkt12۱ᇌު֥൬ၭੱႨႿܙ࠹ყ௹൬ၭੱ֥؋௹ѯbᄵҗҵཛˆεսіໃყ௹֥൬ၭੱđѯitੱσˆႨ༯ൔіൕğ itˆˆ σ=π/2|ε| č14Ď itit2ඪૼğ֒9j/
σ
đᄵE(|X|)=2/πσb 15
ඔऌটჷა࣮ٚم ඔऌটჷა࣮ٚمაഈ၂ࢫປಆཌྷđႨ܄ൔč14Ď࠹ෘѯྟb ᅨיږཋᇅؓഈݚᆣಊ൧ӆѯྟ႕ཙٳ༅ ൮༵đՖሹุބರᇛིႋഈٳ༅đٳљ࠹ෘഈݚᆣಊ൧ӆᄝ1992୍5ᄅ21ರᇀ1996୍12ᄅ13ರބ1996୍12ᄅ16ರᇀ2000୍12ᄅ29ರਆ؍ൈ௹֥ѯྟđѩᄎႨK-Wࣉྛਔဒđࢲݔі12b і12 ഈᆣᆷඔᅨיږཋᇅؓѯྟ֥႕ཙ ൈࡗ؍ 1992,5,21—1996,12,131996,12,16—2000,12,29ཋࡎږ؇ ཋᇅ L X Q ဢЧඔ ሹุ नᆴ ѯྟ & ဢЧඔ ྒ௹၂ नᆴ ѯྟ & ဢЧඔ ྒ௹ؽ नᆴ ѯྟ & ဢЧඔ ྒ௹ नᆴ ѯྟ & ဢЧඔ ྒ௹ඹ नᆴ ѯྟ & ဢЧඔ ྒ௹ नᆴ ѯྟ & Ֆі12ᇏॖၛुԛK-WဒPᆴჹჹཬႿᆃіૼᅨיږཋᇅ֥ѯྟཁᇷնႿᅨיږཋᇅູ10Ċൈ֥ѯྟđᅨיږཋᇅಒൌཋᇅਔѯྟbࣉ၂҄đૌٳљၛ1ರa2ರa3ರބ5ರູֆ໊࠹ෘ୍नѯږ؇đ࠹ෘބဒࢲݔі13aі14aі15ބі16bဢіૼđᅨיږཋᇅ1993୍֞1996୍֥ѯྟཁᇷնႿᅨיږཋᇅູ10Ċ֥1997୍ᇀ2000୍đ۷ࣉ၂҄ඪૼᅨיږཋᇅჿඏਔѯྟb 16
і13 ഈᆣᆷඔᅨיږཋᇅؓѯྟ֥႕ཙč3ರĎ ൈࡗ؍ 1992,5,21—1996,12,131996,12,16—2000,12,29ཋࡎږ؇ ཋᇅ L X Q ဢЧඔ ሹุ नᆴ ѯྟ & і ഈᆣᆷඔᅨיږཋᇅؓѯྟ֥႕ཙč ರĎ ൈࡗ؍ 1992,5,21—1996,12,131996,12,16—2000,12,29ཋࡎږ؇ ཋᇅ L X Q ဢЧඔ ሹุ नᆴ ѯྟ & і15 ഈᆣᆷඔᅨיږཋᇅؓѯྟ֥႕ཙ 1ರ 2ರ ୍ٺ ࡎ۬ཋᇅဢЧඔ൬ၭ ѯྟဢЧඔ൬ၭ ѯྟ j j j L X Q & & & 17
і16 ᅨיږཋᇅؓഈᆣᆷඔѯྟ֥႕ཙ 3ರ 5ರ ୍ٺ ࡎ۬ཋᇅ ဢЧඔ൬ၭ ѯྟဢЧඔ ൬ၭ ѯྟ j j L X Q & & ᅨיږཋᇅؓ۱ܢѯྟ႕ཙ֥ٳ༅ ᆃٳљ࠹ෘധؿᅚaഈݚെ߄aܼԯݓ࠽aᇏఒြaౝݚ௴ބਅൌြᄝ1992୍5ᄅ21ರᇀ1996୍12ᄅ13ರބ1996୍12ᄅ16ರᇀ2000୍12ᄅ29ರਆ؍ൈ௹֥ѯྟđѩࣉྛਔK-Wဒbࢲݔі17b і17 ᅨיږཋᇅؓѯྟ֥႕ཙ ܢௐ ཋࡎږ؇ ཋᇅ K-W P ൈࡗ؍ 1992,5,21—1996,12,13 1996,12,16—2000,12,29ဢЧඔ ሹุ ѯྟ ဢЧඔ ྒ௹၂ ѯྟ ဢЧඔ ധؿᅚྒ௹ؽ ѯྟ č00000 Ď ဢЧඔ ྒ௹ ѯྟ ဢЧඔ ྒ௹ඹ ѯྟ ဢЧඔ ྒ௹ ѯྟ ഈݚെ߄ൈࡗ؍ 1992,5,21—1996,12,13 1996,12,16—2000,12,29č Ď ဢЧඔ ሹุ ѯྟ ဢЧඔ ྒ௹၂ ѯྟ ဢЧඔ ྒ௹ؽ ѯྟ ྒ௹ ဢЧඔ 18
ѯྟ ဢЧඔ ྒ௹ඹ ѯྟ ဢЧඔ ྒ௹ ѯྟ ൈࡗ؍ 1992,5,21—1996,12,13 1996,12,16—2000,12,29ဢЧඔ ሹุ ѯྟ ဢЧඔ ྒ௹၂ ѯྟ ဢЧඔ ܼԯݓ࠽ྒ௹ؽ ѯྟ č Ď ဢЧඔ ྒ௹ ѯྟ ဢЧඔ ྒ௹ඹ ѯྟ ဢЧඔ ྒ௹ ѯྟ ࿃і17 ᅨיږཋᇅؓѯྟ֥႕ཙ ܢௐ ཋࡎږ؇ ཋᇅ K-W P+F24 ൈࡗ؍ 1992,5,21—1996,12,13 1996,12,16—2000,12,29ဢЧඔ ሹุ ѯྟ ဢЧඔ ྒ௹၂ ѯྟ ဢЧඔ ྒ௹ؽ ᇏఒြѯྟ č Ď ဢЧඔ ྒ௹ ѯྟ ဢЧඔ ྒ௹ඹ ѯྟ ဢЧඔ ྒ௹ ѯྟ ౝݚ௴ൈࡗ؍ 1992,5,21—1996,12,13 1996,12,16—2000,12,29č Ď ဢЧඔ ሹุ ѯྟ ဢЧඔ ྒ௹၂ ѯྟ ဢЧඔ ྒ௹ؽ ѯྟ ဢЧඔ ྒ௹ ѯྟ 19
ဢЧඔ ྒ௹ඹ ѯྟ ဢЧඔ ྒ௹ ѯྟ ൈࡗ؍ 1992,5,21—1996,12,13 1996,12,16—2000,12,29ဢЧඔ ሹุ ѯྟ ဢЧඔ ྒ௹၂ ѯྟ ဢЧඔ ਅൌြྒ௹ؽ ѯྟ č Ď ဢЧඔ ྒ௹ ѯྟ ဢЧඔ ྒ௹ඹ ѯྟ ဢЧඔ ྒ௹ ѯྟ ՖіᇏुԛđԢᇏఒြބౝݚ௴ਆᆺܢௐીႵཁᇷҵၳຓđఃჅ4ᆺܢௐᅨיږཋᇅ௹ࡗ֥ѯྟཁᇷնႿᅨיږཋᇅູ10Ċ௹ࡗ֥ѯྟđՖರᇛིႋഈটुીႵૼཁ֥ܿੰđ6ᆺܢௐᇛ2֥K-WဒPᆴಏбࢠնđѯྟཁᇷҵၳbࣉ၂҄ٳљၛ1ರބ2ರູֆ໊࠹ෘ୍नѯྟđѩᄎႨ؟௹K-Wဒđࢲݔі18ބ19bՖіᇏॖၛुԛᅨיږཋᇅູ10Ċ௹ࡗ֥1997୍ᇀ2000୍ቋնѯᆴބቋཬѯᆴཁᇷཬႿᅨיږཋᇅ௹ࡗ֥1993୍ᇀ1996୍đᆃՖ۱ܢ֥࣮ᇏࣉ၂҄ඪૼᅨיږཋᇅಒൌჿඏਔѯྟb і18 ᅨיږཋᇅؓѯྟ֥႕ཙ(ၛ1ರູֆ໊Ď ୍ٺ L X Q & & & & & 20
і19 ᅨיږཋᇅؓѯྟ֥႕ཙ(ၛ2ರູֆ໊Ď ୍ٺ L X Q & & & ᅨיږཋᇅؓ45ܢௐѯྟ႕ཙ֥ٳ༅ ᆃဢ࿊౼ਔௐᄄڶaࣁּࡹഡބଲࣘྦྷભᆺܢௐđѩ࠹ෘਔᆺܢௐᄝหљԩ௹ࡗބఃభު֥ѯྟđࢲݔٳљі20aі21ބі22b ՖіᇏुԛᆺႵᄄڶᄝᅨיږཋᇅູ5Ċ௹ࡗ֥ѯྟཁᇷնႿఃభުᅨיږཋᇅູ10Ċ֥ѯྟđଲࣘྦྷભᄝᅨיږཋᇅູ5Ċ௹ࡗ֥ѯྟཁᇷնႿఃުᅨיږཋᇅູ10Ċ௹ࡗ֥ѯྟđطࣁּࡹഡ֥ဒࢲݔ҂ཁᇷđՖರᇛིႋഈु္ཁᇷܿੰb і20 ᄄڶč000507Ďᅨיږཋᇅؓѯྟ֥႕ཙဒ ൈࡗ؍ 97,1,3i99,4,21 99,4,22—00,4,2500,4,26—00,12,29ཋࡎږ؇ k-wp k-wp ဢЧඔ ሹุ ѯྟ & ဢЧඔ ྒ௹၂ ѯྟ ဢЧඔ ྒ௹ؽ ѯྟ ဢЧඔ ྒ௹ ѯྟ ဢЧඔ ྒ௹ඹ ѯྟ ဢЧඔ ྒ௹ ѯྟ 21
і21 ࣁּࡹഡč600758Ďᅨיږཋᇅؓѯྟ֥႕ཙဒ ൈࡗ؍ 97,1,3i99,5,4 99,5,4—00,4,25 00,4,26—00,12,29ཋࡎږ؇ k-wp k-w p ဢЧඔ ሹุ ѯྟ ဢЧඔ ྒ௹၂ ѯྟ ဢЧඔ ྒ௹ؽ ѯྟ ဢЧඔ ྒ௹ ѯྟ ဢЧඔ ྒ௹ඹ ѯྟ ဢЧඔ ྒ௹ ѯྟ і22 ଲࣘྦྷભč600775Ďᅨיږཋᇅؓѯྟ֥႕ཙဒ ൈࡗ؍ 97,1,3i99,1,14 99,1,14—00,4,2 700,4,28—00,12,29 ཋࡎږ؇ k-w p k-w p ဢЧඔ ሹุ ѯྟ & ဢЧඔ ྒ௹၂ ѯྟ ဢЧඔ ྒ௹ؽ ѯྟ ဢЧඔ ྒ௹ ѯྟ ဢЧඔ ྒ௹ඹ ѯྟ ဢЧඔ ྒ௹ ѯྟ ሸކၛഈٳ༅đૌಪູᅨיږཋᇅބᅨיږཋᇅູ5Ċ౦ঃ༯֥ѯྟնႿᅨיږཋᇅູ10Ċ౦ঃ༯֥ѯྟđཋႿဢЧބൈࡗđߎޓႵޓ఼֥؎b ቋުđູਔฐษѯྟބੀྟ֥э߄൞ڎაᅨיږཋᇅၛຓ֥ఃၹႵܱđૌ࠹ෘਔᄝ1996୍12ᄅ16ರൌྛᅨיږཋᇅᆭభഈ൧֥෮Ⴕ܄ඳܢௐᄝൌྛᅨיږཋᇅൈ௹֥ੀྟބѯྟđѩؓ࠹ෘࢲݔࣉྛஆb࠹ෘࢲݔі23aі24aі25ބі26đՖіᇏॖၛؿགྷđஆᄝੀྟቋཬ֥భ20໊֥ܢௐն؟ඔ൞նܢđஆᄝੀྟቋնభ20໊֥ܢௐն؟ඔ൞ཬܢބӑࠩཬܢđطஆᄝѯྟቋཬ֥భ20໊֥ܢௐն؟ඔ္൞նܢđஆᄝѯྟቋն֥భ20໊֥ܢௐն؟ඔ္൞ཬܢbᆃॖିაࠏܒሧᆀಣᇓႿәቔཬܢႵܱb 22
і ഈݚ൧ӆοႵᅨיږཋᇅൈ௹ੀྟஆቋཬ֥భ ໊֥ܢௐ _ _ ܢௐս ܢௐӫ ୍ָੀ๙ܢඔ ੀྟ ੀྟ ഈݚιࡹ ୡѯڶղ ᆄࡾԷြ ࠶ଲఎ భڃܢٺ ႇݷ॓ ᇨࡾൌြ ࡅ ྍ॓ ௵תࣁూ ഈݚെ߄ შჳഅӬ תޑГ תնέஊ ඹԫӉޡ Ӥࠢ ၿ৯ ๙߄תЏ ઼ဌܢٺ ฿ࣃՈव і ഈݚ൧ӆοႵᅨיږཋᇅൈ௹ੀྟஆቋն֥భ ໊֥ܢௐ _ _ ܢௐս ܢௐӫ ୍ָੀ๙ܢඔ ੀྟ ੀྟ ࠶॓ תଷ ჷᇅူ ༆ଲူြ Ӊνྐ༏ ྍࡿފ ৳ӑ൧ චਘ ഈ۽ܢٺ ഈݚ॓ ၭϤࠊ ֻ၂ൊ ࠅࡰܢٺ ෟЏಣ ఖܢٺ ۽ն൮Է ࢋջܢٺ ሸၜܢٺ Ⴅളඔऌ ޡഹ॓ 23
і ഈݚ൧ӆοႵᅨיږཋᇅൈ௹ѯྟஆቋཬ֥భ ໊֥ܢௐ _ _ ܢௐս ܢௐӫ ୍ָੀ๙ܢඔ ѯྟ ѯྟ ࡅ ഈݚെ߄ ࠶ଲఎ ්ᇜۚྍ ྍൗࢸ ౝ֛ݚغ کࣝ ඹԫӉޞ შჳഅӆ նᇙࢌ๙ Խধܢٺ ᇗ౩Ϥࠊ ধളܢٺ ܢٺ ᇏնܢٺ ຓۚూ ၈০ܢٺ ᚻஇ౷ࣵ ιࡹܢٺ Ϙൖܢٺ і ഈݚ൧ӆοႵᅨיږཋᇅൈ௹ѯྟஆቋն֥భ ໊֥ܢௐ _ _ ܢௐս ܢௐӫ ୍ָੀ๙ܢඔ ѯྟ ѯྟ ሸၜܢٺ ܼܢٺ ԫ॥ܢ ྦᆑࠢ ܢٺ ჷ֤ޗ ᇏ༆ူြ Кࠢ ٚᆞ॓ ഈݚࣴϤ ఖܢٺ ӴӮ໓߄ תݚܢٺ Ѻݚࠢ ιܢٺ ؽ١ࠏ ٦ুܢٺ ٦ুၻཙ Ӯਈܢٺ ࠶ଲϤࠊ ႮՎॖđ൧ӆ֥ݖٳѯॖି൞ႮႿሧᆀ֥ொݺaәቔaྐ༏٤ؓӫྟބݖ؇ّ 24
ႋ֩ၹᄯӮ֥đطᆃུჰၹ൞ޓႮᅨיږཋᇅ֤֞ࢳथ֥bၹՎđૌಪູđᄝᄹࡆ൧ӆࢌၞૼ؇֥ࠎԤഈđ٢ॺࠇ౼ཨᅨיږཋᇅđ࠻҂Ӿࡎ۬ؿགྷđႻିཋᇅܢௐखਛѯbਸ਼ຓđܢௐ൧ӆ၂ᆷඔބᆷඔ௹ࠊ֥ԛđླေࣉ၂࣮҄ᅨיږཋᇅؓᆷඔ֥႕ཙđၛٝᆸҠሺ൧ӆ֥ྛູb ࢲંაᆟҦࡹၰ ๙ݖభ૫ٳ༅ંᆣđૌಪູđఞ֥֒ᅨיږཋᇅ҂ࣇཋᇅਔၳӈѯđطᄹࡆਔੀྟđཌྷّ҂ఞ֥֒ᅨיږཋᇅ҂ࣇᄹࡆਔѯྟđّطჿඏਔੀྟbᆃ۱ࢲંაKimᄝ2000୍ބ੧ޡᄝ2000୍֥࣮ࢲݔ࠻ႵཌྷරᆭԩđႻႵҵљbཌྷරᆭԩ൞ݖཬ֥ᅨיږཋᇅč5%ĎؓჿඏѯྟીႵཁᇷቔႨbҵљ൞ఞ֥֒ᅨיږཋᇅč10%ĎؓჿඏѯྟႵཁᇷቔႨbਸ਼ຓđᅨיږཋᇅؓੀྟ֥႕ཙ࣮іૼđႵᅨיږཋᇅൈ௹֥ੀྟնႿᅨיږཋᇅൈ௹֥ੀྟb൞đႮႿݓᆣಊ൧ӆ֥ؿᅚൎߎбࢠ؋đᅨיږູ10Ċ֥ཋᇅ္ࣇႵ4୍؟ဢЧഒđၹՎđ෮֤ԛ֥ࢲંđߎླေࣉ၂҄ဒᆣb ഈඍษંіૼđའᇏݓᆃဢྍྖ֥ᆣಊ൧ӆᅨיږཋᇅູ10Ċߎ൞ކ֥b10Ċ֥ᅨיږཋᇅಒൌၝᇅਔ൧ӆ֥खਛѯđෙಖ၂ק౦ঃ༯ჿඏਔ۱ܢ֥ੀྟđಏิۚਔᆜ۱൧ӆ֥ੀྟđᄹࡆਔሧᆀ֥ྐྏđؓૄ၂ᆺܢௐߎ҂ି֤ԛ၂ᇁ֥ࢲંbૌಪູğෛሢݓمੰم֥ܿ҂؎ປđሧᆀᇉ֥ᇯ҄ิۚđݓܢௐ൧ӆ֥ᅨיږཋᇅປಆॖၛטᆜູ۷ॺ၂ུđഉ҂թᄝປಆ౼ཨᅨיږཋᇅ่֥ࡱb ႮႿૌ֥࣮ಯಖ൞ҐႨᅨיږభުਆ۱ൈ௹֥бࢠđಯթᄝѯྟބੀྟ֥э߄൞ڎ၂קটჷႿᅨיږཋᇅ֥э߄đط҂൞ఃჰၹ֥໙ีđູਔक़ڛᆃ۱ಌཊđླေࣉ၂҄ؓᅨיږཋᇅЧദ֥หᆘࣉྛൌᆣ࣮ࠇࣉྛൌဒ൩࣮b ๙ݖज़ี࣮đԚ҄ॖ֤ೂ༯ࢲંބࡹၰğ 1. ଢభ൧ӆ่ࡱ༯đ࿃ൌྛᅨיږཋᇅູ10Ċ֥ᇅ؇đؓܢ൧ࡲूؿᅚ൞Ⴕ০֥b 2. ෛሢ൧ӆሧᆀܒӮ֥э߄đࠏܒሧᆀ֥ᇯ҄ᄹ؟đሧᆀᇉ֥ิۚđၛࠣᆜ۱൧ӆܿଆ֥҂؎ঔնބݓႵܢࡨӻ֥ඨ০ປӮđປಆॖၛ٢ॺᅨיږཋᇅđᆃဢ္Ⴕ০ႿစളӁ֥ؿᅚb 3. ൧ӆ֥ݖٳѯ൞ႮႿሧᆀ֥ொݺaәቔaྐ༏٤ؓӫྟބݖ؇ّႋ֩ၹᄯӮ֥đطᆃུჰၹޓႮᅨיږཋᇅ֤֞ࢳथđࠧໃট٢ॺཋᇅđ္сྶࡆ఼ؓᅨיږஆྛϼభ໊ࠫܢௐ֥Ⴕܱྐ༏ࣉྛࡓ൪ބ۵ሶđѩࠣൈࣉྛྐ༏bᆃဢ࠻ିཋᇅܢௐ٤ᆞӈѯđႻ҂Ӿࡎ۬ؿགྷݖӱb 4. ᄝႵ่ࡱႵсေ֥౦ঃ༯đؓཬܢaࠛҵܢaྐუ֥֮ഈ൧܄ඳ࿃ൌྛᅨיږ10Ċ֥ཋᇅđطؓնܢđࠛႪܢđۚ൧ᆴܢބྐუ֥ۚഈ൧܄ඳ౼ཨᅨיږཋᇅb 5. ቋݺ൞ֻ3่ބֻ4่ൈൌྛbૌಪູđᆃᇕνஆؓႿᇏݓܢௐ൧ӆ֥Ӊ௹໗קࡲूؿᅚႵᇗေ֥ၩၬb 25
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