ֻ28ज ֻ10௹॓ ࿐ ࿐ ࣮ 2010୍10ᄅ໓ᅣщݼ:1003-2053(2010)10-1502-09ࠢಕఒြԷြྛູ֥ҩ؇ࠣః႕ཙིႋ)))ၛᆄࡾႥूࣁӁြࠢಕູ২戴维奇,魏 江(浙江大学管理学院,浙江杭州310058)ᅋ ေ:οᅶChurchillิԛ֥ਈіषؿӱ,ؓࠢಕఒြ֥܄ඳԷြࣉྛਔҠቔ߄,ѩฐษਔࠢಕఒြ֥܄ඳԷြྛູაఃҍༀི֥ܱࠛ༢ၛࠣༀߌؓႿ/܄ඳԷြ-ҍༀིࠛ0ܱ༢֥ಃэ႕ཙbၛᆄࡾႥूࣁӁြࠢಕູМࣟ,࣮ؿགྷࠢಕఒြ֥܄ඳԷြॖٳູඹ۱ົ؇,ఃؓࠢಕఒြིࠛิശބശࠩऎႵᇗေၩၬbܱՍ:ࠢಕఒြ܄ඳԷြਈіषؿҍༀིࠛߌ֕ྟᇏٳোݼ:F270 ໓ངѓ്:A ӁြࠢಕശࠩၘӮູ࿐ඌࢸބᆟکܱ҆ᇿ֥ඳԷြ֥భၹުݔऎႵᇗေ֥གྷൌၩၬbಣׄ໙ีbࠢಕቔູ၂Ӂြଽཌྷܱఒြ֥ࠢऊၛສ܄ඳԷြ֥࣮࿊ᄴॴݓ܄ඳaࡅቂఒြaุ,ఃശࠩݖӱ݂۴ࢲֺ൞၇ກࠢಕఒြটປӮ֥,ۚྍ॓ఒြູ࣮֩ؓའ,༷Ⴕᆌؓࠢಕఒြ֥ၹطࠢಕఒြ൞ᆜ۱ࠢಕശ֥ܱࠩྛᆀbՖఒཌྷܱ࣮[3]bႿݓ҂ഒӁြࠢಕ൞Ⴎᇏ֮ြҪ૫ु,ശࠩႵ۽ၜੀӱശࠩ(processupgra-ඌఒြܒӮ֥,ၹՎ࿊ᄴԮӁြࠢಕູٳ༅Мࣟding)aӁശࠩ(productionupgrading)aۿିശࠩିࣉ၂҄ဒބپڶ܄ඳԷြં,ၹطऎႵࢠ఼(functionalupgrading)ބ৽่ശࠩ(inter-sectoral֥ંၩၬbၛສ࣮ิԛਔۄ܄ඳԷြ֥ۀupgrading)ඹᇕྙൔ[1]bંޅᇕശࠩ,ఒြေࠣఃཌྷႋ֥Ҡቔ߄ٚم,ಖطᆃུҠቔ߄൞ᄝ༆ࣉྛсေ֥ᅞטᆜࠇ۷ྍ,ѩ๙ݖԷྍބؿᅚྍٚ౦༯ປӮ֥bॉ੮֞ݓᆟᇍaࣜ࠶ބ໓߄֥ြༀটࡆၛൌགྷbఒြေ๙ݖ۽ၜੀӱ֥Էྍ,ൌหྟၛࠣࠢಕఒြ֥หק,ྟૌಪູགྷႵ֥܄གྷളӁིੱิശބੀӱശࠩ;๙ݖӁԷྍ,ൌགྷӁඳԷြਈіࠇྸ҂ିޓݺ֥ҩ؇ࠢಕఒြ֥܄ඳԷശࠩߐսބڸࡆᆴ֥ิശ;๙ݖఒြଽ҆ྍြༀြྛູbЧ໓ၛᆄࡾႥूࣁӁြࠢಕູ২,൮༵֥ؿᅚ,ཟࡎᆴ৽֥ఃߌࢫഥ,ൌགྷۿିശࠩ;ฐษ܄ඳԷြ֥Ⴕིҩਈٚم,၇ऌC[4]hurchillิ๙ݖᄝఒြଽ҆ࠇຓ҆ቆࡹྍ֥ఒြࠇሰ܄ඳটࣉԛ֥ਈіщᇅ҄ᇧषؿބဒᆣᆌؓࠢಕఒြ֥܄ඳೆ০ੱ۷֥ۚӁြ৽ࠇࡎᆴ৽,ൌགྷ৽่ശࠩbԷြਈі;ఃՑฐษࠢಕఒြՖ൙܄ඳԷြაఃശॖ,ࠢಕఒြ֥ശࠩ҂षᅞ۷ྍaԷྍބྍြࠩބҍༀིࠛิശᆭࡗ֥ܱ༢,ѩٳ༅ߌ֥֕ༀؿᅚ,طᆃུ൞܄ඳԷြۀਵთ֥ଽಸb܄ྟؓႿ/܄ඳԷြ-ҍༀིࠛ0ܱ༢֥႕ཙbඳԷြ൞ᆷቆᆮଽ֥۱ದࠇಕ,ุაఃቆᆮ৳ކ,Էᄯྍ֥ြༀࠏܒ,ቆᆮଽ҆ᅞ۷ྍބԷྍ֥1 ંაࡌഡݖӱ[2]bೂݔૌࡼࠢಕఒြശࠩ൪ູ၂ᇕಒק֥ሑ,ᄵ܄ඳԷြॖФ൪ູൌགྷᆃᇕሑ֥ݖӱ; ܄ඳԷြაԷြ֝ཟೂݔࡼࠢಕఒြശࠩ൪ູ၂۱ଢ,֥ᄵ܄ඳԷြ൞ ܄ඳԷြቔູ၂۱࣮ਵთ,թᄝਆ۱ᇶ֥֝ൌགྷᆃ၂ଢ֥֥൭؍bၹՎ,ᄝࠢಕМࣟ༯ฐษ܄ܒ,ࠧ/Էြ֝ཟ0ބ/܄ඳԷြ[5]0bSharmaބ ൬۠ರ௹:2009-01-20;ྩ߭ರ௹:2010-03-31 ࠎࣁཛଢ:ݓࡅሱಖ॓࿐ࠎࣁ(70773099);ݓࡅഠ߶॓࿐ࠎࣁᇗնཛଢ(07&ZD022) ቔᆀࡥࢺ:պົఅ(1977-),ଳ,ᆄࡾݳᇜದ,Ѱൖള,࣮ٚཟູᅞܵaԷြܵb້ ࡾ(1970-),ଳ,ᆄࡾᇭ᳝ದ,࢝൱aѰൖള֝ഽ,࣮ٚཟູԷྍܵaᅞܵb
ֻ10௹պົఅ ້ ࡾ:ࠢಕఒြԷြྛູ֥ҩ؇ࠣః႕ཙིႋ#1503#Chrism[2]aಪູ/܄ඳԷြ0Їওোࠃࠇགྷའ:ਔཌྷؓࢠ؟֥ࠏ߶bପུऎႵԷြࣚപ֥ᄝ໊ఒြ(1)Էྍ:ࠧԷᄯྍ֥ሧჷቆކ;(2)ڄགሧ:ࠧᄝॖၛѽሚ۷؟֥ࠏ߶ѩࡆၛ০Ⴈ,ࣉطࡼԷြྛູၘࡹఒြଽຓ҆Էᄯྍቆᆮ/ఒြ;(3)ᅞ۷ྍ:్ൌሇ߄ູࣩᆚႪ൝,طପུЌ൯֥ఒြᄵمޓ๙ݖᅞטᆜބᇶ֥֝ᇗෑ,টൌགྷቆᆮሇbݺ֥Ϝࠏ߶ބႋؓຓ҆ༀߌ֥็ᅞ,ၹطԷა/܄ඳԷြ0ᆃ၂ۀૡ్ཌྷܱ֥ۀ൞/Էြ֝ြఒြބЌ൯ఒြི֥ࠛҵएࡼ۷ູૼཁbطཟ0,ቋᄪႮMillerބ[6]FriesenބM[7]iller֩ิԛ,ᄝཌྷؓ໗ק֥ༀߌᇏ,ႮႿಌكቀܔ֥ࠏ߶,ၹЧᇉഈख़߂֥൞ఒြ֥၂ᇕᅞ֝ཟ[8],ЇওԷྍطԷြఒြაЌ൯ఒြི֥ࠛҵၳࠇྸޓཁྟaభᅑྟބڄགྟ۱ົ؇b࣐ܵਆ۱ܒᄝݣགྷԛটb܄ඳԷြ൞၂ᇕࠏ߶്љބ০Ⴈ֥ྛ,ູၬഈթᄝ၂ק֥৳༢,ਆᆀᄝۀთaჸఏaؿᅚᆃᇕྛູᄝຓ҆ߌэބ҂ಒק֥౦ঃ༯۷ಸၞݖӱބҩਈٚم֩ٚ૫թᄝཁᇷҵၳ,ၹطૌ൞ࠆ֤Ӯۿ[14]bၹູᄝՎߌ༯,Էြྛູ෮ႄఏ֥ਆ۱҂֥ܒ[5]bਆᆀ֥ނྏҵၳᄝႿ/܄ඳԷӮЧॖ๙ݖྍ൧ӆ֥षؿ০Ⴈط֤֞ҀӊbၹՎ,ြ0ख़߂֥൞ᄝ໊ఒြൌ࠽֥Էြྛ,ູࠧఒြՖૌࡌഡ:൙Էྍaྍြༀؿᅚބᅞ۷ྍࠃ֥ሹބ;ط/Էࡌഡ3:ߌ֕ྟؓ/܄ඳԷြ-ҍༀིࠛ0ြ֝ཟ0൞ᆷఒြ֥၂ᇕ֝ཟ,ࠧఒြՖ൙Էྍaӵ֥ܱ༢ႵᆞཟטࢫቔႨ,ࠧߌ֕ྟᄀۚ,ᄵ܄ඳքڄགބิభྛ֥ౠཟྟ[9]bཁಖ,ᄝ໊ఒြՖԷြაҍༀི֥ࠛᆞཌྷܱܱ༢ᄀ఼b൙Էြ֥ౠཟྟѩ҂ିປಆ֩Ⴟൌ࠽֥Էြྛູ,ၹՎ/܄ඳԷြ0ބ/Էြ֝ཟ0൞҂֥bਆ2 ࣮ٚمᆀ္൞Ⴕ৳༢֥,ૌॖၛࡌഡఒြՖ൙Էြ֥ౠཟྟࠇၩཟᄀۚ,ᄵൌ࠽֥Էြྛູᄀ؟,ࠢಕఒြ ਈі֥Ԛ҄щᇅ္҂২ຓ,ၹՎЧ໓ิԛ: ૌ൮༵ҐႨܱ൙ࡱඌ(criticalincidentsࡌഡ1:ᄝࠢಕఒြМࣟ༯,܄ඳԷြაԷြ֝technology)ބ݂ବٳোٚمটಒಪࠢಕఒြ܄ඳԷཟᆞཌྷܱbြ֥ଽಸbᆃᇕٚمླေ൬ࠢФ٠໙ᆀؓऎุ൙ࡱ ܄ඳԷြაҍༀི֥ࠛ૭ඍ,ಖު๙ݖଽಸٳ༅Ϝ൬֥ܱࠢ֞൙ࡱٳӮো[15] Էြࠃॖ๙ݖᄹࡆԷྍೆaԛԷྍӁbࠇੀӱট႕ཙࠢಕఒြི֥ࠛ[10][11]bᅞ۷ྍିૌൌֹሼ٠ਔႥूӁြࠢಕଽ֥ࡅఒᇗྍקၬࠢಕఒြҕაࣩᆚ֥ٚൔ,ᇗྍಒקᆌؓြ,܋Ⴕ35ᇏۚࠩܵᆀҕაਔܱ൙ࡱ֥߭ྍ൧ӆ֥ြༀٓຶbᆃ၂ݖӱି۷ྍࠢಕఒြᄎቔճbૌ֥ष٢ൔ໙जૼಒ۳ԛਔ/܄ඳԷြ0ࠣݖӱ,ิശఃࠆ০ି৯[10]bԷྍॖၛ֝ᇁܱି৯ః۱ົ؇֥קၬ,ေФ٠໙ᆀ߭ၫః෮ᄝఒြ֥ؿᅚ,طުᆀିิശࠢಕఒြི֥ࠛ[11]bط܄ඳݖಀ୍֥ൌ࠽౦ঃ,ཿԛੂ۱ׅ֥ა/܄ඳԷڄགሧିᄵି۳ࠢಕఒြջটحຓ֥൬ၭੀbြ0ۀژކ֥ܱ൙ࡱbႮႿૌေФ٠໙ᆀൈ,ࠢಕఒြ္ିՖڄགሧཛଢ֥ᄎቔᇏิശ֒ӆแཿѩ߭൬໙ज,ၹՎ໙ज֥߭൬ੱղ֞ਔି,ѩԷᄯྟ֥ႨՖຓ҆ࠆ֤֥ᆩ്b๙ݖڄག100%bᄝ35Ф٠໙ᆀᇏ,؟ඔ(%)Ф٠໙ሧ,ࠢಕఒြିႵི֥ঔᅚఃᆩ്ࠎ,ުᆀିᄹ఼ᆀ୍֥ਭԩႿ26-35ෟᆭࡗ,60%֥Ф٠໙ᆀᄝ֒ࠢಕఒြི֥ࠛ[10]bၹՎ,Ч࣮ิԛ:భఒြᇏ֥ᆯ୍ཋӑݖ4୍bࡌഡ2:ࠢಕఒြ֥܄ඳԷြაఃҍༀིࠛᆞ35໊Ф٠໙ᆀ܋ิ܂ਔ197่ܱ൙ࡱbਆཌྷܱb࣮ᆀ൮༵ࠎႿົ؇/܄ඳԷြ0֥ۀ,ሱ ༀߌ֥טࢫቔႨࡼ෮Ⴕ൙ࡱٳӮԷྍaڄགሧaᅞ۷ྍބ٤/܄ ቆᆮߌॖٳູ၂Ϯߌބༀߌ[12]bުඳԷြ0ඹ۱োљbᄝሹ܋197۱൙ࡱᇏ,183۱൙ᆀᇶေႮܤग़a܂ႋഅaࣩᆚᆀބܵᇅุ(ᆟکࠏࡱ֤֞ਔਆ໊࣮ᆀ၂ᇁ֥ٳোbૌႨKappaܒa۽߶৳ૐބఒြࡗ֥ླྀ߶ቆᆮ֩)ܒӮ[13]b࠹ਈট࠹ෘᆀࡗ֥ྐ؇(interraterreliability),֥֕ༀߌສສ֤ࣩᆚႪ൝֥ࠎԤaܤग़ླaKappaᆴູ.814(p<.001)bၹՎਆ໊࣮ᆀᆭࡗӁြࢲܒބඌѓሙ҂؎ؿളэbؓఒြটඪ,֥ٳোթᄝࢠ֥ۚ၂ᇁྟ[16]bؓႿթᄝၳၰ֥൙ᆃᇕༀߌ࠻ջটਔऍն֥็ᅞ,ൈ္ิ܂ࡱ,ਆ໊࣮ᆀࣉྛਔษંѩቋᇔղӮਔ၂ᇁၩb
#1504#॓ ࿐ ࿐ ֻ࣮28ज ਆ໊࣮ᆀ၂ᇁಪູఃᇏ7۱൙ࡱѩ٤܄ඳԷြ֥ՑնႿ֩Ⴟ3֥൙ࡱোљቔູਈі֥ีཛbุགྷྙൔ,ၹՎჍၛԢ,ቋᇔഺ༯190۱൙ࡱbൈ,ૌҕॉਔၛສݓຓႨ֥ਈі,ؓีཛ֥ծՊؓႿᆃ190۱ܱ൙ࡱ,ਆ໊࣮ᆀࣉ၂҄οࣉྛਔטᆜ,ቋᇔྙӮਔԚ֥҄ਈі,܋Ⴕ27۱ีఃख़߂֥ൌᇉଽಸٳো,၂܋ྙӮਔ29۱োљbೂཛbૌᄎႨᆃ၂ਈі൬ࠢ܄ඳԷြཌྷܱඔऌbі1෮ൕ,ૌ࠹ਔ۲োљԛགྷ֥Ց,ѩ࿊ᄴਔі1 ܱ൙ࡱোљՑ࠹ົ؇սݼ൙ࡱোљՑCE1ൌീ؟ჭ߄ᅞࣉೆྍ֥ြༀਵთ7CE2ؓჰႵြༀࣉྛਔഥ,ঔնਔြༀٓຶ5CE3ఒြؓჰႵြༀࣉྛਔᇗቆࠇטᆜ9ᅞ۷ྍCE4ႄೆਔᅞކቔఒြ,ࡹ৫ᅞ৳ૐ8CE5Ϝ҆ٳြༀຓЇ۳ਔఃఒြ3CE6ఒြڿэਔჰႵ֥ࣩᆚҦ/ٚم8CE7ఒြڿэਔჰႵ֥ଢѓ൧ӆ/ग़ಕุ4CE8ᄝఒြଽ҆ቆࡹਔྍ֥ြༀ҆(ֆ໊)4CE9ఒြࣉೆਔྍ֥ݓଽ൧ӆ3CE10ᄝݓଽഡ৫ਔྍ֥ٳᆦఒြ/܄ඳ6CE11ᄝݓଽຓഡ৫ਔϷ൙ԩބႏཧᇏྏ֩1CE12ཟݓଽఃఒြࣉྛਔܢಃሧ8ڄགሧCE13࡙ѩ/൬ܓਔ҆ٳݓଽഈႳࠇ༯Ⴓఒြ4CE14ࡼြༀຉᅚ֞ਔݓଽྍֹ֥თ5CE15ᆦӻཟݓଽຉᅚ൧ӆ֥ࠃ6CE16ఒြࣉೆਔྍ֥ݓຓ൧ӆ7CE17ఒြᄝݓຓྍࡹਔٳᆦࠏܒ5CE18ঔնਔᄝݓຓᄎቔ֥ܿଆ6CE19ؓჰႵӁ/ڛༀࣉྛਔԷྍ7CE20ԛਔྍӁ/ڛༀ12CE21ࡆնᄝྍӁ/ڛༀؿഈ֥ೆ5CE22ᄝӁ/ڛༀഈᄹࡆਔྍჭ/ྍۀ9CE23ؓఒြଽ҆ᄎቔੀӱࣉྛਔ൸ބᄜᄯ13ԷྍCE24Ґ౼ਔईծၛิۚളӁིੱ1CE25ႄೆਔྍ֥ܵބٚم10CE26ؓఒြ֥ྐ༏༢ࣉྛਔ۷ྍބڿࣉ7CE27ؓჰႵ֥ܵᇅ؇ࣉྛਔטᆜ8CE28ؓቆᆮࡏܒࣉྛਔטᆜ9CE29ԛਔྍ֥ದ൙ܵᇅ؇ ఃэਈ֥ҩਈ[18]rino,Zhang,ބLi֥ቓم,ࡼԷြ֝ཟቔູֆົ] Ч࣮ႨC[17ovinބSlevinषؿ֥Їݣ9۱؇֥ܒࡆၛԩ,༢ඔղ֞.80,ཁൕีཛ֥Էြ֝ཟਈіbູٳ༅܄ඳԷြࠣఃඹ۱ົԛࢠ֥ۚଽ҆၂ᇁྟb؇აԷြ֝ཟ֥ܱ༢,Ч࣮ҕᅶTang,Tang,Ma-ߌ֥֕,ྟᆷ֥൞ྛြэ۪ބԷྍ֥бੱ
ֻ10௹պົఅ ້ ࡾ:ࠢಕఒြԷြྛູ֥ҩ؇ࠣః႕ཙིႋ#1505#ၛࣩࠣᆚᆀބܤग़ྛູ֥҂ಒק,ྟૌࢹMil-lႵ၂ུ҂Ӯܿଆ֥ࣁٳᆦӁြbࢩᆸ2008୍,ָer֩ದ[6]֥ਈі,࿊ᄴ3۱ีཛࣉྛҩਈ,ടࠣྛႥूႚႵܿଆၛഈࣁఒြ916ࡅ,ఃᇏ۽ऎaြଽࣩᆚؓ൭֥ࠃaࣩᆚؓ൭֥ඔਈэၛࠣӁޙఖaႵࣁඋa֢ٝބచଉ֩ϖնࣁྛြఒླ֥э߄؇֩ଽಸbีཛҐႨLikertׄਈြ610ࡅ,ఃࣁྛြఒြ306ࡅºb࣐ܵᆃུіࡆၛҩਈ,ေФטҰᆀ۴ऌఒြ෮ᄝᇶ֝ӁြࣁఒြᄝնোഈඋࣁӁြ,ႮႿ۲۱ٳᆦӁ֥ൌ࠽౦ঃ࿊ᄴཌྷႋ֥ඔᆴ,1սіປಆ҂ၩ,5ြᄝӁࢲܒa൧ӆླބ൧ӆ܂۳֩ٚ૫թᄝҵսіປಆၩbߌ֕ྟ۱ีཛ֥ၳ,ၹՎఒြ֥ຓ҆ༀߌѩ٤൞ᇉ֥bೂႥA༢ඔղ.789bू֥۽ऎӁᇶေ૫ཟԛ१,طႵࣁඋӁ֒భᇏݓଽֹൌᆣ࣮ն҆ٳҐႨᇶིܴ֥ࠛᄵၛଽཧູᇶ»b2008୍ඹ࠱؇ၛট,ࣁವາࠏؓࡎٚم,ၛສ࣮іૼᇶܴҍༀིࠛބग़ܴҍༀႥूࣁϖնٳᆦӁြ֥႕ཙ൞҂֥bऌႥूᆷѓᆭࡗթᄝޓ఼֥ཌྷܱྟbၹՎЧ࣮ҐႨᇶܴ࠹अ֥࠹ٳ༅,2009୍၂࠱؇ӁᆴЌӻᄹӉ֥ࡎ֥ٚمҩਈҍༀིࠛbЧ࣮ေФטҰᆀ߭ࣁٳᆦӁြႵޙఖaཬࡅࠣԝٜႨऎa֢ٝ,֩ճཌྷؓႿᇶေࣩᆚؓ൭ఒြؓႿሱദཧ൲ᄹӉੱaӁᆴ༯ࢆቋॹ֥ٳᆦӁြ൞Ⴕࣁඋ,ఃՑ൞൧ӆٺحᄹӉੱa০ᄹӉੱaሧӁ߭Бੱ(ROA)۽ऎ;Վຓ,҂ྭۑᇅྛြaྨ༽ᄎӚྛြaచଉބሹุҍༀིࠛ۱ٚ૫֥ડၩ؇bีཛҐႨLik-ertׄਈіࡆၛޙਈ,1սі٤ӈ҂ડၩྛြӁᆴ༯ࢆ္ᄝ10%ၛഈ¼bࣁವາࠏؓϖն,7սі٤ӈડၩbၹٳ༅іૼ5۱ีཛऊކӮ၂۱ၹሰٳᆦӁြྙӮ҂ӱ؇֥႕ཙູЧ࣮ฐ෬ߌ,ࢳਔ֕ྟؓ/܄ඳԷြ-ҍༀིࠛ0ܱ༢֥႕ཙิ܂ਔ%֥эၳ,༢ඔղ.922,ཁൕԛࢠ֥ۚଽ҆၂ᇁྟb၂۱མ֥౦bၛສޓ؟࿐ᆀಪູᄝӁြଽ҂ؿᅚࢨ؍֥Ч࣮࿊౼800ࡅܿଆၛഈࣁఒြؿ٢໙ఒြऎႵ҂ི֥ࠛजb2009୍5ᄅ,ૌ๙ݖႥूֹ֒ᆟک҆ؿԛ[19],ၹՎЧ࣮ࡼఒြ୍ਭ౼ؓඔުቔູ॥ᇅэਈbၛສ࣮ಪູఒြ֥ܿଆᄀ໙ज,ေఒြ֥ሹࣜࠇᆀఃۚҪܵᆀแཿ,նᄵႚႵཌྷؓ۷؟֥ሧჷ,ࣉطॖၛᄹ఼Էྍି৯ၛಒЌФטҰᆀؓЧ࣮෮໙໙ี൞ਔࢳބඃ༑ބིࠛ[20]bൈ,նఒြ๙ӈбཬఒြ۷ಸၞ֥bൈਆ۱؟ᄅ,܋߭൬໙ज117ٺ,ัԢໃแճՖఃቆᆮᇏ֤֞ሧჷބᆦӻ,ၹՎऎႵཌྷؓႪีཛݖ؟֥໙ज13ٺ,܋߭൬Ⴕི໙ज104ٺ,Ⴕ൝[21]bЧ࣮ࡼఒြܿଆҠቔ߄ູჴ۽ದඔ,ቔູི໙ज߭൬ੱ13%bဢЧఒြ֥ࠎЧ౦ঃೂі2॥ᇅэਈࣉೆ݂߭ٚӱbၛສ္࣮іૼ҂෮Ⴕ෮ൕbն҆ٳఒြ(ᅝ%)֥ఒြჴ۽ሹඔᄝಃ߶႕ཙఒြ֥ࠛ,ིႿଢభႥूࣁӁြࠢಕ300ದၛഈ,ჿႵ၂϶֥ఒြჴ۽ದඔᄝ501-1000ଽఒြၛႏ/ႏູᇶ,ఃՑ൞ሧఒြ,طఃದᆭࡗ;Ֆ෮Ⴕಃྟᇉഈ,ुၛႏ/ႏ॥ܢބۖ෮Ⴕᇅྙൔཌྷؓб২ࢠ֮,ၹՎЧ࣮ࡼఒြϏބຓഅሧఒြູᇶ,ᅝ%;ః෮Ⴕᇅ෮Ⴕಃٳູႏ/ႏaሧބః۱োљ,ѩࣇᅝ%bՖఒြ୍ਭഈु,ၛ10୍ၛഈఒြູҐႨᇶ,ᅝሹඔ75%bૌՖ٤߭ႋఒြᇏෛࠏԎ౼ਔ/ႏ/ႏ0ބ/ሧ0ਆ۱dummyэਈࡆၛ॥ᇅb50ࡅࣁఒြটဒ٤ႋճொҵ( ࣮౦ა౼ဢbias)b၇ऌᆟک҆ิ܂֥ఒြሧਘ,ૌб Ч࣮ၛႥूࣁӁြࠢಕູ౦bႥू൞ࢠਔ߭ႋఒြބ٤߭ႋఒြ֥ჴ۽ದඔaఒြ୍ਭݓቋն֥ࣁӁളӁࠎֹ,ࣁӁြӁᆴᅝܿଆބ෮Ⴕᇅো,Tဒ֥ࢲݔіૼᄝഈඍэਈഈਆၛഈ۽ြбᇗᄝ90%ၛഈ¹,ᇶေႮ۽ऎaޙ۱ဢЧᆭࡗѩໃթᄝཁᇷҵၳ,ᆃіૼૌ֥ဢЧఖaႵࣁඋaཬࡅࠣԝٜႨऎa҂ྭۑᇅaνಆીႵޓᇗ֥٤ႋճொҵbaྨ༽ᄎӚބచଉϖնٳᆦӁြܒӮ,Վຓߎ¹၇ऌႥू࠹अิ܂֥ඔऌbº၇ऌႥू࠹अิ܂֥ඔऌb»၇ऌႥू࠹अิ܂֥ሧਘb¼၇ऌႥू࠹अิ܂֥ሧਘb
#1506#॓ ࿐ ࿐ ֻ࣮28ज і2 Ф٠ఒြࠎЧ౦ঃ(N=104)822,ݓຓڄགሧ֥༢ඔ.ູ822bၹหᆘোљՑϤٳб(%)Վ۲ົ؇֥ྐ؇नӑݖ.70,ղ֞N[22]unnalyࡹၰ֥1-5022ѓሙbൈ,ᄝ۲ົ؇ଽ,Ԣޅ၂۱ཛଢ҂߶51-10022ิۚྐ؇bഈඍࠫ۱ٚ૫ཁൕԛЧਈі֥ॖौྟbჴ۽ሹඔ-10003129і3 ၹٳ༅ࢲݔ.4>ၹሰႏ/ႏ॥ܢܵԷྍӁ/ڛༀݓଽڄགݓຓڄག෮ႵಃোљۖϏބຓഅሧԷྍሧሧః-9୍-13୍ఒြ୍ਭ14-15୍-25୍୍ၛഈᇿ:҆ٳఒြ֥Мࣟሧਘໃแճປᆜ,Ч࣮၇ऌᆟک֥҆ؽ൭࠹ඔऌࡆၛҀԉބປ ٳ༅ࢲݔหᆘᆴࢳ֥эၳ(%).1 ਈі֥ྐི؇ဒ (1) ၹٳ༅൳ႵིဢЧඔ֥ཋᇅ,ૌ൮༵๙ݖีཛٳ༅(2) આܱࠠ༢ຩི؇ဒࡨഒࣉೆၹٳ༅֥ีཛඔbሸކॉ੮ีཛಌാᆴೂݔႨ֒భਈі෮ҩਈ֥ࢲݔაંഈႵܱ༢б২aொ؇ބڂ؇ၛࠣีཛ-ሹٳཌྷܱ༢ඔ,ૌ֥ܒཌྷ,ܱѩაંഈܱ֥ܒ҂ཌྷܱൈ,ࣼԢਔ3۱҂ਅีཛbቋᇔ24۱ีཛࣉೆਔၹٳॖၛಪູթᄝઆܱࠠ༢ຩི؇(nomologicalvalid-i༅bૌҐႨᇶӮٳٳ༅,ѩοหᆘᆴնႿ1֥ѓty)bЧ࣮๙ݖٳ༅܄ඳԷြࠣఃඹ۱ົ؇აԷሙԎ౼ၹሰbі3۳ԛਔၹٳ༅֥ࢲݔb๙ݖඹြ֝ཟ֥ཌྷܱܱ༢,ဒࠢಕఒြ܄ඳԷြਈі֥۱߭ކ֥ၹٳ༅,ૌႻࣉ၂҄Ԣਔ11۱܋આܱࠠ༢ຩི؇bೂі5෮ൕ,܄ඳԷြࠣఃඹ۱؇֮Ⴟ.40ࠇթᄝࢌҭڵᄛ(crossloading)֥ีཛbົ؇नაԷြ֝ཟᄝ.01ࠇ.05ඣഈཁᇷᆞཌྷ,ܱቋު၂֥ၹٳ༅ཁൕϘীห౯ุဒ֥ཌྷϴۀࡌഡ1֤֞ᆦӻbੱ൞.000,Ґဢԉቀੱູ%,ൡކቓၹٳ༅ ܄ඳԷြaིࠛބߌ֕ྟᆭࡗ֥ܱ༢ቋᇔၹٳ༅֤֞4۱ၹሰ,ࢳਔ%֥э (1) ჷ༂ҵ֥ဒၳb۴ऌีཛ֥ଽಸ,ૌٳљࡼఃଁູܵԷՖֆ၂Ф൫෮౼֤֥ඔऌ҂ॖх૧֥߶ԛགྷྍaӁڛༀԷྍaݓଽڄགሧބݓຓڄགሧbჷ༂ҵ(commonmethodsbias)bЧ࣮๙ݖHar-۲ีཛᄝཌྷႋၹሰഈ֥ᄛހनӑݖ.60,ཁൕԛࢠۚmanֆၹဒটٳ༅ჷ༂ҵ֥ᇗӱ؇bᇶӮ֥ऊކི؇(convergentvalidity)bٳٳ༅༅ԛ8۱ၹሰ,ࢳਔሹэၳਈ֥%,๙ݖཌྷܱٳ༅,۲ົ؇ଽีཛᆭࡗ֥ཌྷܱनᄝ.ఃᇏֻ၂۱ၹሰࢳਔ%֥эၳ,ၹՎѩ҂թ40ၛഈ,ีཛ-ሹٳཌྷܱ༢ඔ(Item-totalCorrela-ᄝ၂۱ֆ၂֥ିࢳն҆ٳэၳ֥ၹሰ,ᆃіૼᄝtion)नᄝ.60ၛഈbೂі4෮ൕ,ܵԷྍ֥Cron-Ч࣮ᇏჷ༂ҵѩ҂൞၂۱ԛ֥໙ี[23]༢ඔ.ູ843,ӁڛༀԷྍ֥(2) ૭ඍྟ࠹აཌྷܱٳ༅༢ඔູ.780,ݓଽڄགሧ֥༢ඔູ.؟ົܒაఃົ؇Ⴕ؟ᇕܱ༢ྙൔ,ົ؇ҪՑ
ֻ10௹պົఅ ້ ࡾ:ࠢಕఒြԷြྛູ֥ҩ؇ࠣః႕ཙིႋ#1507#֥࣮ࢲંѩ҂ିࡥֆં֞ܒҪՑ,ൈൌᆣྛ݂߭ٳ༅ᆭభ,Ч࣮༵ؓ۲эਈࣉྛཌྷܱٳ༅bဒေა࣮ࡌഡ၂ᇁ[24]bЧ࣮֥ࡌഡ൞ᄝܒೂі6෮ൕ,܄ඳԷြაҍༀིࠛཁᇷᆞཌྷܱ(pҪՑቓԛ,֥ၹՎൌᆣ࣮ႋࡼ܄ඳԷြቔູ၂<.01);ߌ֥֕ྟა܄ඳԷြ္൞ཁᇷᆞཌྷܱ۱ᆜุ֥ܒѩฐษఃაིࠛ֩эਈ֥ܱ༢bᄝࣉ(p<.01)bі4 ૭ඍྟ࠹aีཛٳ༅აྐ؇మэਈଽ҆၂ᇁྟ༢ඔีཛඔีཛีཛ-ሹٳཌྷܱ༢ඔԢھีཛު֥ଽ҆၂ᇁྟ༢ඔܵԷྍ.ӁڛༀԷྍ.ݓଽڄགሧ.)))ݓ࠽ڄགሧ.)))і5 ࠢಕఒြ܄ඳԷြࠣఃඹ۱ົ؇აԷြ֝ཟ֥ཌྷܱइᆔ܄ඳԷြӁڛༀԷྍܵԷྍݓଽڄགሧݓຓڄགሧԷြ֝ཟ.630**.438**.211*.629**.226*ᇿ:**p<.01;*p<.05і6 ૭ඍྟ࠹აཌྷܱٳ༅эਈनᆴ(Mean)ѓሙҵ(.)1234561ҍༀིࠛఒြ୍ਭ(log)*3ჴ۽ದඔ*4ႏ/ႏ(dummy)ሧఒြ(dummy)****.**6ߌ֥֕ྟ-*.**.430**܄ඳԷြ****.**ᇿ:*p<.05;**p<.01(3) ҪՑ؟ჭ݂߭ٳ༅,֞Ֆଆ1֞ଆ4,ఒြ୍ਭaჴ۽ದඔބਆ۱ૌࡼሱэਈބטࢫэਈᇏྏ߄ᆭުളӮࢌ෮Ⴕᇅэਈनໃؓఒြ֥ҍༀིࠛӁളཁᇷ႕ཙ;ཛ,ѩᄎႨҪՑ؟ჭ݂߭ٳ༅܄ඳԷြაི֥ܱࠛՖଆ2֞ଆ4,ߌ֥֕ྟ္ໃؓҍༀིࠛ༢ၛࠣߌ֕ྟ֥טࢫིႋbՖі7ᇏ҂ुӁളཁᇷ֥႕ཙ;ᄝଆ3ᇏ,܄ඳԷြაҍༀིࠛ
#1508#॓ ࿐ ࿐ ֻ࣮28ज ཁᇷᆞཌྷܱ(p<.01),ၹՎЧ࣮֥ࡌഡ2֤֞ਔ࣮֥ࡌഡ3္֤֞ਔᆦӻbູਔౢ༉֥іඍטࢫᆦӻ;ଆ4ཁൕߌ֕ྟؓႿ܄ඳԷြބིིࠛႋ,ᄝ1ᇏ۳ԛਔऎุ֥ࢌ႕ཙଆൔb֥ܱ༢ऎႵཁᇷ֥ᆞཟטࢫིႋ(p<.10),ၹՎЧі7 ҪՑ؟ჭ݂߭ٳ༅ࢲݔଆ1ଆ2ଆ3ଆ4(Constant)()()()()ఒြ୍ਭ(log)()()()()ჴ۽ದඔ(.139)(.138)(.128)(.126)ႏ/ႏ(dummy).139(.559).510(.612).043(.583).385(.596)ሧఒြ(dummy)(.941)(.935)(.871)(.854)ߌ֕ྟ(.295)(.281)(.275)܄ඳԷြ.829**(.263).573(.290)܄ඳԷြ@ߌ֕ྟ.732(.388)*****))).ᇿ:ওݼଽູѓሙ༂;p<.10;*p<.05;**p<.01.1 ߌ֥֕ྟؓ/܄ඳԷြ-ҍༀིࠛ0ܱ༢֥טࢫིႋ[25]Lauթᄝࢠ֥ۚ၂ᇁྟbႿYiuა[25]Lau൞ၛ4 ษંބࢲંݓКࣘaഈݚaඹԫaܼᇜֹ֥֩۲োఒြູဢЧ,Ч࣮ၛࠣY25]iuა[Lau֥࣮ᄝ၂קӱ؇ഈ ษંіૼ,ᄝᇏݓ౦༯,ҐႨЇݣඹ۱ົ؇֥܄ඳԷြ ၛᆄࡾႥूࣁӁြࠢಕູ࣮Мࣟ,Ч࣮ਈіିбࢠݺ֥ҩ؇ᄝ໊ఒြ֥Էြྛູb၇ऌChurchill(1979)ิԛ֥ਈіषؿӱܒࡹਔᆴ֤ᇿၩ֥൞,෮Ⴕടࠣ/ᅞ۷ྍ0֥ีཛᆌؓࠢಕఒြ֥܄ඳԷြਈіbЧ࣮֥ࢲݔіૼၹ܋؇ݖ֮ࠇԛགྷࢌҭڵᄛطФԢ,ໃࣉೆቋࠢಕఒြ֥܄ඳԷြྛູᇶေЇওܵԷྍaӁᇔ֥ਈіb܄ඳԷြ֥ᇕགྷའࠧԷྍaڄགሧڛༀԷྍaݓଽڄགሧބݓຓڄགሧඹ۱ົ؇bބᅞ۷ྍཌྷᆭࡗթᄝ၂ק֥৳༢[28]b൙ൌഈ,ૌࡼ֒భषؿ֥ਈіაY[25]iuބLaua[26]Zahraఒြ֥Էྍބݓଽຓڄགሧࠃᄝޓնӱ؇ഈބ[27]Zahra,Neubaum,ބHuse֩෮Ⴈ֥܄ඳԷ൞ᄝఒြሹุᅞטᆜ֥భิ༯ࣉྛ֥bၹطૌြਈіࣉྛਔؓб,ؿགྷЧਈі֥ົ؇აYiuބ҉ҩടࠣ/ᅞ۷ྍ0֥ีཛაԷྍބڄགሧਆ
ֻ10௹պົఅ ້ ࡾ:ࠢಕఒြԷြྛູ֥ҩ؇ࠣః႕ཙིႋ#1509#ᆀऎႵࢠ֥ۚ܋эၳ,ࣉط֝ᇁਔࢌҭڵᄛ֥Ϝି৯,مࠣൈႋؓߌэ۪֥็ᅞ,ིࠛ༯߁౦ঃbᄝ܄ඳԷြᆃ၂ۀ֥ྙӮݖӱᇏ,Guth֩മᇀၛູ֥अ૫ԛགྷਔbၹՎ,܄ඳԷြ֥ࡎದ[28]ಪູ܄ඳԷြЇݣԷྍބڄགሧਆնোགྷᆴᄝᇭೂࣁವາࠏ֩ຓ҆ߌॹэ߄֥౦ঃ༯འ[,ط29]ZahraބSharmaაChrism[2]anᄵಪູ܄ඳཁԛটbԷြႋ֒ݤۂఒြ෮Ⴕ֥Էྍaᅞ۷ྍބڄག ࢲંሧࠃbЧ࣮֥ࢲݔᆦӻG]uth֩ದ[28,֥ܴׄb Ч࣮ࡼ܄ඳԷြקၬູ၂ᇕఒြҪ૫֥ྛໃট࣮ᆀႵсေࣉ၂҄ٳ༅ބฐษԷྍaڄག,ູѩࡼఃᇂೆӁြࠢಕᆃ၂หק֥Мࣟࡆၛษ,ંሧބᅞ۷ྍᆀᆭࡗ֥ܱ༢,Ֆطሙಒࢸק܄ඳՖطپڶਔ܄ඳԷြ֥࣮౦bᆌؓࠢಕఒြ֥Էြ֥ଽಸაົ؇b܄ඳԷြਈі֥षؿႵ০Ⴟູު࿃࣮ิ܂ॖࢹ܄ඳԷြބԷြ֝ཟ൞܄ඳԷြ࣮ਵთ֥֥ҩਈ۽ऎ,ູࠢಕМࣟ༯܄ඳԷြభၹაުݔ֥ᇗေܒbЧ࣮іૼ܄ඳԷြაԷြ֝ཟᆭࡗ֥࣮קࠎԤbਈі֥षؿݖӱ္ႄؿਔؓႿ܄ඳཌྷܱ༢ඔູ.630,ࣉطਆᆀ֥܋эၳ൞.397bၹԷြଽಸົ؇֥ฐษ,֤ૌିࣉ၂҄ૼಒ܄ඳՎЧ࣮ᆦӻਔ܄ඳԷြაԷြ֝ཟ൞ਆ۱҂ܒԷြ֥ଽݤbЧ္࣮Ⴕ၂ק֥ൌఓൕ,࣮і֥ܴׄ[3]bЧ࣮ߎษંਔ܄ඳԷြؓࠢಕఒૼ܄ඳԷြྛູିࠢಕఒြҍༀི֥ࠛิശ,ြҍༀི֥ࠛ႕ཙb࣮ࢲݔіૼᄝ॥ᇅਔఒြ֥ՖطႵ০Ⴟࠢಕఒြശࠩѩջᆜ۱ࠢಕശࠩ,ၹܿଆa୍ਭၛࠣ෮Ⴕᇅ֩႕ཙၹ֥౦ঃ༯,܄ඳԷՎ൞၂ᇕᆴ֤ႄఏᇗ൪֥ൌbหљ൞ᄝ֒భࣁವြؓҍༀིࠛऎႵཁᇷ֥ᆞཟ႕ཙ(p<.01)bᆃາࠏ႕ཙaݓຓླ༯ࢆaߌ֕ྟࡆख֥۬अіૼؓႿࠢಕఒြটඪ,܄ඳԷြ൞ิശི֥ࠛ၂༯,Ӂြߌၘࣜؿളᇗնэ,۪Ԯࠢಕఒြႋᇗᇕᇗေ൭؍bᆞೂૌᄝႥूࣁӁြࠢಕܴҳ֞ෑԷြࣚപ,๙ݖྍӁaྍ൧ӆषؿބྍြༀຉᅚ֥ପဢ,҆ٳࠢಕఒြ၇ಖЌӻਔԚԷൈ௹ࢠ఼֥֩ԷြࠃൌགྷᄜؿᅚbԷြ৯,๙ݖྍӁaྍ൧ӆ֥षؿބྍြༀ֥ട࣐ܵЧ࣮ऎႵ၂ק֥ં܊ངބൌᆷ֝ၩቀ,ఒြࠆ֤ਔӻ࿃֥ӮӉ,ᆩ؇ބૅუ؇҂؎ิၬ,္թᄝۄअཋྟb൮,༵Ч࣮ࠎႿႥूശ,ܿଆބིၭ҂؎ᄹӉbЧ࣮ߎؿགྷߌ֥ࣁӁြࠢಕଽ֥ఒြ,Ⴟֹთބఒြোഈ֥ֆ֕ྟିᆞཟטࢫ/܄ඳԷြ-ҍༀིࠛ0ᆭࡗ֥ܱ၂ྟ,࣮֥ຓᄝི؇Ⴕրު࿃࣮ဒbఃՑ,ޓ༢(p<.10)b္ࣼ൞ඪ,֒ຓᄝߌॹэ߄ൈ,؟ၹ߶႕ཙఒြ֥ࠛ,ིೂߌၹaӁြၹބ܄ඳԷြؓҍༀི֥ࠛ႕ཙཌྷؓࢠնbᆃᇶေ൞ၹఒြଽ҆ၹ֩֩,Чູ࣮॥ᇅ໙जӉ؇,ીႵູॹэ۪֥ຓ҆ߌ۳ఒြջটਔࢠ؟֥ࠏ߶,ؓഈඍэਈࣉྛҩਈ,ࣉط္ીႵؓഈඍၹࣉྛطପུऎႵԷြࣚപ֥ఒြିܔޓݺ֥ሂᇾࠏ߶ބႵི֥॥ᇅbᄜՑ,࣐ܵЧ࣮໙जေФטҰᆀ০Ⴈࠏ߶,ѩࡼఃሇ߄ູൌ࠽֥ҍༀིࠛbӉ௹ၛܙݖಀ୍֥܄ඳԷြ౦ঃؓႿ֒భఒြི֥ࠛট,ႮႿຓཧ൧ӆླຫഹaཧ൲ࡎ۬ࢠۚࢌၞӮ႕ཙ,ՖЧᇉഈࢃЧ࣮ߎ൞ҐႨਔޘࢩ૫࣮Ч,֮طݓଽ൧ӆ֥ླཌྷؓࢠཬ,ࡎ۬ࢠ֮,թഡ࠹,ॉ੮֞܄ඳԷြؓႿఒြི֥ࠛ႕ཙສສླᄝྐႨ҂ࡄa߭ॻ҂ࠣൈ֩ᇕᇕ໙ี,ၹՎႥूࣁေ၂ק֥ൈࡗࡗۯ,ၹՎҐႨሺཟ࣮ഡ࠹ႋ֒۷Ӂြࠢಕଽ֥ఒြն؟ህᇿႿຓཧ൧ӆ֥षຉ,ູؓམbഈඍ࣮҂ቀ۳ໃট࣮ᆀิ܂ਔࠏႿଽཧ൧ӆѩ҂ᇗ൪bطෛሢ2008୍ಆ౯ࣁವາ߶bࠏ֥ྙӮބؿᅚ,ݓԛ१ঘ֥ࣜ࠶ᄹӉଆൔ൳֞็ᅞ,ݓ࠽ބݓଽ൧ӆ֥ླؿളਔሇ,Ⴅूҕॉ໓ང:ࣁࠢಕఒြ֥ຓ҆ߌ֕ྟࡆखbᄝՎМࣟ[1] ༯valuechainsaffectupgradinginindustrialclusters?,҆ٳࠢಕఒြ߄/າ0ູ/ࠏ0,ࠒࠞטᆜӁࢲܒaࡆ఼இࡹഡaປݓଽႏཧຩ,ݔ؎֥ሇཟ[J].RegionalStudies,2002,36(9):1017-1027.ଽཧ൧ӆb҂ഒࠢಕఒြՖჰটປಆ၇ঠຓཧaौ[2] SharmaP,-์இളӁ၇ڸႿݓຓஇཟଽຓસѩईaტሱᇶship[J].Entrepreneurship:Theory&Practice,1999,23இሇbᆃᇕԷြࠃ۳ఒြҍༀིࠛջটਔࠒ(3):11-27.֥ࠞ႕ཙbط҆ٳЌ൯ఒြᄵಌكࠏ߶്֥љބ[3] պົఅ,້ࡾ,ਟె.܄ඳԷြࠃ႕ཙၹ࣮భ
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