Situational Leadership
"Only those who dare to fail greatly can ever achieve greatly.”
JFK
Overview
Directive and Supportive Behavior
Leadership Variables
Situational Leadership II Model
Directive & Supportive Behavior
Involves:
Clearly Telling People
What to Do
How to Do It
Where to Do It
When to Do It
And Then Closely Supervising Their Performance
Directive/Task Behavior
Supportive/Relationship Behavior
Involves:
Listening to People
Providing Support and Encouraging Their Efforts
Facilitating Their Involvement in
Problem Solving and Decision Making
Leadership Variables
Follower
Boss
Associates/Peers
Organization
Job Demands
Time
Leadership Variables
Interim Summary
Directive/Supportive Behavior
Leadership Variables
Situational Leadership Model
8
S3
S1
S4
S2
Low Supportive and
Low Directive
Behavior
High Directive and
Low Supportive
Behavior
High Directive and
High Supportive
Behavior
High Supportive and
Low Directive
Behavior
DEVELOPMENT LEVEL OF FOLLOWER(S)
DEVELOPED
DEVELOPING
HIGH
LOW
MODERATE
D4
D1
D2
D3
THE FOUR LEADERSHIP STYLES
DIRECTIVE BEHAVIOR
(High)
(High)
(Low)
S
U
P
P
O
R
T
I
V
E
B
E
H
A
V
I
O
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9
Subordinate’s Development Level
Competence: Task, Knowledge and Skills
Commitment: Motivation and Confidence
15
Levels of Development
D1 - “Enthusiastic Beginner”
D2 - “Disillusioned Learner”
D3 - “Reluctant Contributor”
D4 - “Peak Performer”
Levels of Development
D1
Low Competence, High Commitment
“Enthusiastic Beginner”
Levels of Development
D2
Some Competence, Low Commitment
“Disillusioned Learner”
Levels of Development
D3
Moderate to High Competence,
Variable Commitment
“Reluctant Contributor”
Levels of Development
D4
High Competence, High Commitment
“Peak Performer”
15
Levels of Development
D1 - Low Competence, High Commitment “Enthusiastic Beginner”
D2 - Some Competence, Low Commitment “Disillusioned Learner”
D3 - Moderate to High Competence, Variable Commitment “Reluctant Contributor”
D4 - High Competence, High Commitment “Peak Performer”
Development Level is Task Specific!
18
S3
S1
S4
S2
Low Supportive and
Low Directive
Behavior
High Directive and
Low Supportive
Behavior
High Directive and
High Supportive
Behavior
High Supportive and
Low Directive
Behavior
THE FOUR LEADERSHIP STYLES
DIRECTIVE BEHAVIOR
(High)
(High)
(Low)
S
U
P
P
O
R
T
I
V
E
B
E
H
A
V
I
O
R
DEVELOPMENT LEVEL OF FOLLOWER(S)
DEVELOPED
DEVELOPING
HIGH
LOW
MODERATE
D4
D1
D2
D3
19
Directing
High Directive, Low Supportive
Leader Defines Roles of Followers
Problem Solving and Decision Making Initiated by the Leader
One-way Communication
20
DEVELOPMENT LEVEL OF FOLLOWER(S)
S3
S1
S4
S2
Low Supportive and
Low Directive
Behavior
High Directive and
Low Supportive
Behavior
High Directive and
High Supportive
Behavior
High Supportive and
Low Directive
Behavior
THE FOUR LEADERSHIP STYLES
DIRECTIVE BEHAVIOR
(High)
(High)
(Low)
S
U
P
P
O
R
T
I
V
E
B
E
H
A
V
I
O
R
DEVELOPED
DEVELOPING
HIGH
LOW
MODERATE
D4
D1
D2
D3
21
Coaching
High Directive, High Supportive
Leader Now Attempts to Hear Followers Suggestions, Ideas, and Opinions
Two-way Communication
Control Over Decision Making Remains With the Leader
22
S3
S1
S4
S2
Low Supportive and
Low Directive
Behavior
High Directive and
Low Supportive
Behavior
High Directive and
High Supportive
Behavior
High Supportive and
Low Directive
Behavior
THE FOUR LEADERSHIP STYLES
DIRECTIVE BEHAVIOR
(High)
(High)
(Low)
S
U
P
P
O
R
T
I
V
E
B
E
H
A
V
I
O
R
DEVELOPMENT LEVEL OF FOLLOWER(S)
DEVELOPED
DEVELOPING
HIGH
LOW
MODERATE
D4
D1
D2
D3
23
Supporting
High Supportive, Low Directive
Focus of Control Shifts to Follower
Leader Actively Listens
Follower Has Ability and Knowledge to Do the Task
24
S3
S1
S4
S2
Low Supportive and
Low Directive
Behavior
High Directive and
Low Supportive
Behavior
High Directive and
High Supportive
Behavior
High Supportive and
Low Directive
Behavior
DEVELOPMENT LEVEL OF FOLLOWER(S)
DEVELOPED
DEVELOPING
HIGH
LOW
MODERATE
D4
D1
D2
D3
THE FOUR LEADERSHIP STYLES
DIRECTIVE BEHAVIOR
(High)
(High)
(Low)
S
U
P
P
O
R
T
I
V
E
B
E
H
A
V
I
O
R
25
Delegating
Low Supportive, Low Directive
Leader Discusses Problems With Followers
Seeks Joint Agreement on Problem Definitions
Decision Making Is Handled by the Subordinate
They “Run Their Own Show”
26
S3
S1
S4
S2
Low Supportive and
Low Directive
Behavior
High Directive and
Low Supportive
Behavior
High Directive and
High Supportive
Behavior
High Supportive and
Low Directive
Behavior
DEVELOPMENT LEVEL OF FOLLOWER(S)
DEVELOPED
DEVELOPING
HIGH
LOW
MODERATE
D4
D1
D2
D3
THE FOUR LEADERSHIP STYLES
DIRECTIVE BEHAVIOR
(High)
(High)
(Low)
S
U
P
P
O
R
T
I
V
E
B
E
H
A
V
I
O
R
What Happens If We Have a Mismatch of Leadership Style With Development Level?
Tell Them What You Want Them to Do
Show Them What You Want Them to Do
Let Them Try - There Is Some Risk
Observe Performance - Focus on the Positive
Manage the Consequences
Increasing Follower Development Level
Tell Them What You Want to Do
Show Them What You Want to Do
Let Them Try – There is Some Risk
Observe Performance – Focus on the Positive
Manage the Consequences
Five Step to Training Winners
The Leader’s Goal
Build Your Follower’s Development Level So You Can Start Using Less Time-consuming Styles
(S3 and S4) and Still Get High Quality Results.
Situational Leadership is not something
you do “TO” people but something you do
“WITH” people.
Directive and Supportive Behavior
Leadership Variables
Situational Leadership II Model
SUMMARY
"Opportunity is missed by most people because it is
dressed in overalls and looks like work." -- Thomas Edison
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"Washington [.] is a city of Southern efficiency and Northern charm." JFK
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