公益信托监察人论文：公益信托监察人制度研究
【中文摘要】2001年我国《信托法》的颁布实施,标志着我国信托业由此走向了正规化、法制化。然而信托业在我国的发展历程几度兴衰,无法可依的局面、混乱的业务经营致使信托业几乎受到毁灭性的打击。作为信托业的重要组成部分,公益信托的规定在《信托法》中被单独列为一章,足见立法者对公益信托业的重视。而在整个公益信托规范的实质内容中,公益信托监察人制度的规定只有四条并由其构成了我国现阶段公益信托监察人制度的全部内容。复杂的投资环境及日益细化的社会分工,本就给信托业带来难以预测的运营风险,公益信托承担了同样的市场风险。过于简单的内容在造成行业混乱的同时,使法律的权威性及科学性受到社会公众的质疑。特定的历史背景和政权变迁,并未给信托制度在我国现阶段发展提供合适的经济环境和法律环境。这要求我国《信托法》在设计公益信托监察人制度时,更加注重具体规则的合理性及具体性。本文主要分为四个部分。部分,作者通过介绍公益信托业发展的现状引出本文所要撰写的主题、本文的研究、国外公益信托制度概况和国内研究综述。第一部分,主要撰写公益信托监察人制度的概况,主要包括监察人在法律上的地位、功能、权利义务内容概述,以此将监察人制度上的缺陷引出。第二部分,着重分析公益信托监察人制度的立法缺陷,包括直接缺陷和间接缺陷。第三部分,根据公益信托监察人制度具体的缺陷,给出作者自己的建议。本文从以下几个方面完善公益信托监察人制度：健全公益信托监察人权利体系；明确公益信托监察人的法律责任；建立公益信托监察人任职资格体系；建立公益信托监督权冲突解决体制；建立公益信托监察人的合理离任制度；重塑信托当事人间的信任关系。在健全公益信托监察人权利体系上,明确了监察人应享有的财产检查权、报酬请求权等七项权利；在建立监察人法律责任上,明确了监察人不当行为应承担的法律责任类型；在构建监察人任职资格体系中,将我国法律体系中有关的内容与台湾地区信托业法律规范有机结合,给出了我国公益信托监察人任职人员的范围以及禁止从业的人员范围；在解决公益信托监督权冲突中,同时将民事诉讼法中的规则和台湾地区“信托法”相关规范引入,解决了同时享有诉讼权利的主体间的诉权冲突和监察人内部的监督权冲突；在建立监察人离任制度上,将行使不当行为的监察人的解任权主体按照监察人产生的途径予以确认,同时对监察人的辞任行为予以肯定；在重塑信托当事人间的信任关系环节,首次将民法中单务合同理论引入,认为受益人虽为纯收益主体,在具体选择关系到其切身利益的监察人时也应将其意志因素包含在选择过程中,同时监察人的选择运用公示制度,减少外界对监察人产生过程、人员选择等环节的质疑。
【英文摘要】In 2001, China promulgated for implementation of the trust law, indicating the trust law of our country moved towards normalization and , the development of trust business in the course of our rise and fall several times, the situation is no legal basis, resulting in confusion Trust business almost by devastating blow. As an important part of the trust industry, the provisions of public trust, “Trust Law “ was included as a separate chapter, which shows legislators the importance of public trust investment environment and the increasingly social division of labor bring unpredictable risk to the charity trust industries, the charity trust bear the same market risk. Too simple content caused , it directly caused questioning for scientificalness from the present,The specific historical background and regime change do not provide appropriate economic environment and legal environment for trust system in our requires China pay more attention to specific rules,the rationality and concreteness in designing the charity trust supervisor system. The second part focuses on analyzing the public trust supervisor system, including direct legislative defects and indirect defects. The third part give Suggestions of the authors according to the concrete defect of public trust supervisor paper is divided into four the preface, the author describes the status of public trust industry leads the subject to write this article, the purpose of this study, foreign and domestic public trust system overview Review. The first part, the mainly writing an overview of public trust supervisors, including supervisors in the legal status, functions, rights and obligations of content, this leads to the supervisor system defects. The second part analyzes the public trust the legislative authority of supervisors system defects, including defects in direct and indirect defects. The third part of the public trust supervisor system based on the specific defect, given the author’s own recommendations. This generally improved from the following aspects of public trust supervisor system:the right to a sound system of public trust supervisors; clear legal responsibility for public trust supervisors; build public trust supervisor qualification system; build public trust oversight system of conflict resolution; established reasonable public trust supervisor leaving the system; rebuild trust between parties to a trust. Supervisor of public trust rights in the sound system, and clear the property inspection supervisor should have the right to claim compensation on seven rights; in the establishment of legal liability on supervisors, the supervisors of misconduct should be a clear liability of the type; qualification in building a system of supervisors, the legal system in China and Taiwan on the content of legal norms Trust combination, our public trust given the scope of supervisors serving on the staff and the prohibition of the scope of practitioners; in addressing the public trust supervise the conflict, while the rules in the Code of Civil Procedure and Taiwan, “Trust Law,” the introduction of related regulations, rights of action to resolve the same time enjoy the right to appeal the conflict between the subject and supervisor oversight of internal conflict; in the establishment of supervisors from any system, supervisors will exercise the dismissal of misconduct by supervisors have the right of the main ways to be confirmed, while acts of supervisors to be sure that the resignation; trust in the remodeling part of the trust relationship between the parties, the first time, civil law unilateral contract theory is introduced, although the net income that the main beneficiary in relation to the specific choice of the supervisors of their vital interests will factor when it should be included in the selection process, while the choice of supervisors use the public system to reduce the external generating process of the supervisors, personnel selection and other aspects of the question.
【关键词】公益信托监察人 立法缺陷 完善措施
【英文关键词】charity trust supervisor legislative defect measures to improve
【目录】公益信托监察人制度研究
摘要
4-6
Abstract
6-7
引言
8-10
一、公益信托监察人制度概述
10-14
(一) 公益信托监察人的法律地位
10
(二) 公益信托监察人的功能
10-11
(三) 公益信托监察人的权利义务
11-14
二、我国公益信托监察人的立法缺陷
14-22
(一) 公益信托监察人制度的直接立法缺陷
15-18
(二) 公益信托监察人的间接立法缺陷
18-22
三、我国公益信托监察人制度的完善
22-33
(一) 健全完整的权利体系
22-25
(二) 明确公益信托监察人的法律责任
25-27
(三) 健全公益信托监察人任职资格体系
27-29
(四) 公益信托监督权冲突解决机制
29-30
(五) 建立我国公益信托监察人的离任制度
30-33
结论
33-35
参考文献
35-37
致谢
37-38
攻读硕士学位期间公开发表的学术论文
38
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