金融保险欧洲议会和欧盟理事会
关于修订理事会关于防止利用金
融系统洗
欧洲议会和欧盟理事会《关于修订理事会（关于防止利用金融系统洗钱的指令）的指令》
（2001）
CouncilDirectiveonPreventionoftheUseoftheFinancialSystemforthePurposeofMoneyLau
ndering
背景：1991 年 6 月 10 日，欧洲共同体理事会在卢森堡通过了欧盟的第壹个反洗钱指令，即
《关于防止利用金融系统洗钱的指令》（91/308/EEC）。该指令的颁布考虑到建立欧洲经济共
同体的条约，以及反洗钱行动和金融系统的密切相关性和其国际协作的本质。
2001 年 12 月，欧洲议会和欧盟理事会在布鲁塞尔通过了欧盟的第二个反洗钱指令，即《关
于修订理事会<关于防止利用金融系统洗钱的指令>的指令》（2001/97/EC）。2001/97/EC号指
令考虑到建立欧盟的条约、服务贸易总协议（GeneralAgreementonTradeinService）的原则
以及国际洗钱的新趋势，通过修订“信用机构”和“金融机构”的界定等来最大范围地覆盖
金融业，对上游犯罪做出了进壹步的核定，将履行必要义务的对象进行了扩展，对公证人等
专业人员的相关行为和成员国应负义务做出了壹定规定。
其中 91/308/EEC 号指令的第 1、3、6、7、9、11 条由 2001/97/EC 中的新条款代替，第 2、
8、10 条分别添加了新内容，而第 4、5、8、10、12 条中的部分术语做了替代。本文以修订
后的指令为准。
Article1
ForthepurposeofthisDirective:
(A)Creditinstitutionmeansacreditinstitution,asdefinedinArticle1(1)firstsubparag
raphofDirective2000/12/EC(9)andincludesbrancheswithinthemeaningofArticle1(3)oft
hatDirective[1]andlocatedintheCommunity[2],ofcreditinstitutionshavingtheirheado
fficesinsideoroutsidetheCommunity;
(B)'Financialinstitution'means:
[3]otherthanacreditinstitutionwhoseprincipalactivityistocarryout
oneormoreoftheoperationsincludedinnumbers2to12andnumber14ofthelistsetoutinAnnex
ItoDirective2000/12/EC;theseincludetheactivitiesofcurrencyexchangeoffices(burea
uxdechange)[4]andofmoneytransmission/remittanceoffices[5];
ar[6]asitcarriesoutactivitiescoveredbythatDirective;
(2)ofDirective93/22/EEC(11);
[7]marketingitsunits[8]orshares.
ThisdefinitionoffinancialinstitutionincludesbrancheslocatedintheCommunityoffina
ncialinstitutions,whoseheadofficesareinsideoroutsidetheCommunity,
(C)'Moneylaundering'meansthefollowingconductwhencommittedintentionally:
-theconversionortransferofproperty,knowingthatsuchpropertyisderivedfromcriminal
activityorfromanactofparticipationinsuchactivity,forthepurposeofconcealingordis
guisingtheillicitoriginofthepropertyorofassistinganypersonwhoisinvolvedinthecom
missionofsuchactivitytoevadethelegalconsequencesofhisaction;
-theconcealmentordisguiseofthetruenature,source,location,disposition,movement,r
ightswithrespectto,orownershipofproperty,knowingthatsuchpropertyisderivedfromcr
iminalactivityorfromanactofparticipationinsuchactivity;
-theacquisition,possessionoruseofproperty,knowing,atthetimeofreceipt,thatsuchpr
opertywasderivedfromcriminalactivityorfromanactofparticipationinsuchactivity;
-participationin,associationtocommit,attemptstocommitandaiding,abetting,facilit
atingandcounsellingthecommissionofanyoftheactionsmentionedintheforegoingindents
.
Knowledge,intentorpurposerequiredasanelementoftheabovementionedactivitiesmaybei
nferredfromobjectivefactualcircumstances.
Moneylaunderingshallberegardedassuchevenwheretheactivitieswhichgeneratedtheprop
ertytobelaunderedwerecarriedoutintheterritoryofanotherMemberStateorinthatofathi
rdcountry.
(D)'Property'meansassetsofeverykind,whethercorporealorincorporeal,movableorimmo
vable,tangibleorintangible,andlegaldocumentsorinstrumentsevidencingtitletoorint
erestsinsuchassets.
(E)'Criminalactivity'meansanykindofcriminalinvolvementinthecommissionofaserious
crime.
Seriouscrimesare,atleast:
-anyoftheoffencesdefinedinArticle3(1)(a)oftheViennaConvention[9];
-theactivitiesofcriminalorganisationsasdefinedinArticle1ofJointAction98/733/JHA
(12);
-fraud,atleastserious,asdefinedinArticle1(1)andArticle2oftheConventionontheprot
ectionoftheEuropeanCommunities'financialinterests(13);
-corruption;
-anoffencewhichmaygeneratesubstantialproceedsandwhichispunishablebyaseveresente
nceofimprisonmentinaccordancewiththepenallaw[10]oftheMemberState.
MemberStatesshallbefore15December2004amendthedefinitionprovidedforinthisindenti
nordertobringthisdefinitionintolinewiththedefinitionofseriouscrimeofJointAction
98/699/
foraDirectiveamendinginthatrespectthisDirective.
MemberStatesmaydesignate[11]anyotheroffenceasacriminalactivityforthepurposesoft
hisDirective.
(F)'Competentauthorities'meansthenationalauthoritiesempoweredbylaworregulationt
osupervisetheactivityofanyoftheinstitutionsorpersonssubjecttothisDirective.
Article2
(A)MemberStatesshallensurethattheobligationslaiddowninthisDirectiveareimposedon
thefollowinginstitutions:
;
;
andonthefollowinglegalornaturalpersonsactingintheexerciseoftheirprofessionalact
ivities:
,externalaccountantsandtaxadvisors;
;
[12]andotherindependentlegalprofessionals,whentheyparticipate,whether
:
(a)byassistingintheplanningorexecutionoftransactionsfortheirclientconcerningthe
(i)buyingandsellingofrealpropertyorbusinessentities;
(ii)managingofclientmoney,securitiesorotherassets;
(iii)openingormanagementofbank,savingsorsecuritiesaccounts;
(iv)organisationofcontributionsnecessaryforthecreation,operationormanagementofc
ompanies;
(v)creation,operationormanagementoftrusts,companiesorsimilarstructures;
(b)orbyactingonbehalfofandfortheirclientinanyfinancialorrealestatetransaction;
-valuegoods,suchaspreciousstonesormetals,orworksofart,auctioneer
s,wheneverpaymentismadeincash,andinanamountofEUR15000ormore;
.
(B)MemberStatesshallensurethatmoneylaunderingasdefinedinthisDirectiveisprohibit
ed.
Article3
uireidentificationoftheircustomersbymeansofsupportingevidencewhenenteringintobu
sinessrelations,particularly,inthecaseoftheinstitutions,whenopeninganaccountors
avingsaccounts,orwhenofferingsafecustodyfacilities.
thanthosereferredtoinparagraph1,involvingasumamountingtoEUR15000ormore,whethert
hetransactioniscarriedoutinasingleoperationorinseveraloperationswhichseemtobeli
,theinstitutio
norpersonconcernedshallproceedwithidentificationassoonasitorheisapprised[13]oft
hesumandestablishesthatthethresholdhasbeenreached.
[14]fromtheprecedingparagraphs,theidentificationrequirements
withregardtoinsurancepolicieswrittenbyinsuranceundertakingswithinthemeaningofCo
uncilDirective92/96/EECof10November1992onthecoordinationoflaws,regulationsandad
ministrativeprovisionsrelatingtodirectlifeassurance(thirdlifeassuranceDirective)(
14),wheretheyperformactivitieswhichfallwithinthescopeofthatDirectiveshallnotber
equiredwheretheperiodicpremium[15]amountoramountstobepaidinanygivenyeardoesordo
notexceedEUR1000orwhereasinglepremiumispaidamountingtoEUR2500orless.[16]Ifthepe
riodicpremiumamountoramountstobepaidinanygivenyearisorareincreasedsoastoexceedt
heEUR1000threshold,identificationshallberequired.
ancepoliciesinrespectofpensionschemestakenout[17]byvirtueof[18]acontractofemplo
ymentortheinsured'soccupation[19],providedthatsuchpoliciescontainnosurrendercla
useandmaynotbeusedascollateralforaloan.
,allcasinocustomersshallbeidentifi
ediftheypurchaseorsellgamblingchipswithavalueofEUR1000ormore.
[20]inanyeventtohavecompliedwith
theidentificationrequirementlaiddowninthisDirectiveiftheyregisterandidentifythe
ircustomersimmediatelyonentry,regardlessofthenumberofgamblingchipspurchased.
ngontheirownbehalf,orwhereitiscertainthattheyarenotactingontheirownbehalf,thein
stitutionsandpersonssubjecttothisDirectiveshalltakereasonablemeasurestoobtainin
formationastotherealidentityofthepersonsonwhosebehalfthosecustomersareacting.
n,evenwheretheamountofthetransactionislowerthanthethresholdlaiddown,whereverthe
reissuspicionofmoneylaundering.
cationrequirementsprovidedforinthisArticlewherethecustomerisacreditorfinanciali
nstitutioncoveredbythisDirectiveoracreditorfinancialinstitutionsituatedinathird
countrywhichimposes,intheopinionoftherelevantMemberStates,equivalentrequirement
stothoselaiddownbythisDirective.
referredtoinparagraphs3and4arefulfilledwhenitisestablishedthatthepaymentforthet
ransactionistobedebited[21]fromanaccountopenedinthecustomer'snamewithacreditins
titutionsubjecttothisDirectiveaccordingtotherequirementsofparagraph1.[22]
,inanycase,ensurethattheinstitutionsandpersonssubjecttothis
Directivetakespecificandadequatemeasuresnecessarytocompensateforthegreaterrisko
fmoneylaunderingwhichariseswhenestablishingbusinessrelationsorenteringintoatran
sactionwithacustomerwhohasnotbeenphysicallypresentforidentificationpurposes('no
n-facetoface'operations).Suchmeasuresshallensurethatthecustomer'sidentityisesta
blished,forexample,byrequiringadditionaldocumentaryevidence,orsupplementarymeas
urestoverifyorcertifythedocumentssupplied,orconfirmatorycertificationbyaninstit
utionsubjecttothisDirective,orbyrequiringthatthefirstpaymentoftheoperationsisca
rriedoutthroughanaccountopenedinthecustomer'snamewithacreditinstitutionsubjectt
(1)shalltakespeci
ficaccountofthesemeasures.
Article4
MemberStatesshallensurethattheinstitutionsandpersonssubjecttothisDirectivekeept
hefollowingforuseasevidenceinanyinvestigationintomoneylaundering:
-inthecaseofidentification,acopyorthereferences[23]oftheevidencerequired,forape
riodofatleastfiveyearsaftertherelationshipwiththeircustomerhasended,
-inthecaseoftransactions,thesupportingevidenceandrecords,consistingoftheorigina
ldocumentsorcopiesadmissible[24]incourtproceedingsundertheapplicablenationalleg
islationforaperiodofatleastfiveyearsfollowingexecutionofthetransactions.
Article5
MemberStatesshallensurethattheinstitutionsandpersonssubjecttothisDirectiveexami
newithspecialattentionanytransactionwhichtheyregardasparticularlylikely,byitsna
ture,toberelatedtomoneylaundering.
Article6
theirdirectorsandemployeescooperatefullywiththeauthoritiesresponsibleforcombati
ngmoneylaundering:
(a)byinformingthoseauthorities,ontheirowninitiative[25],ofanyfactwhichmightbean
indicationofmoneylaundering;
(a)byfurnishingthoseauthorities,attheirrequest,withallnecessaryinformation,inac
cordancewiththeproceduresestablishedbytheapplicablelegislation.
leforcombatingmoneylaunderingoftheMemberStateinwhoseterritorytheinstitutionorpe
tionsandpersonsinaccordancewiththeproceduresprovidedforinArticle11(1)(a)shallno
rmallyforwardtheinformation.
(5),
MemberStatesmaydesignateanappropriateself-regulatorybodyoftheprofessionconcerne
dastheauthoritytobeinformedofthefactsreferredtoinparagraph1(a)andinsuchcaseshal
llaydowntheappropriateformsofcooperationbetweenthatbodyandtheauthoritiesrespons
ibleforcombatingmoneylaundering.
MemberStatesshallnotbeobligedtoapplytheobligationslaiddowninparagraph1tonotarie
s,independentlegalprofessionals,auditors,externalaccountantsandtaxadvisorswithr
egardtoinformationtheyreceivefromorobtainononeoftheirclients,inthecourseofascer
taining[26]thelegalpositionfortheirclientorperformingtheirtaskofdefendingorrepr
esentingthatclientin,orconcerningjudicialproceedings,includingadviceoninstituti
ngoravoidingproceedings,whethersuchinformationisreceivedorobtainedbefore,during
oraftersuchproceedings.
Article7
MemberStatesshallensurethattheinstitutionsandpersonssubjecttothisDirectiverefra
in[27]fromcarryingouttransactionswhichtheyknoworsuspecttoberelatedtomoneylaunde
,u
nderconditionsdeterminedbytheirnationallegislation,giveinstructionsnottoexecute
eretorefraininsuchmannerisimpossibleorislikelytofrustrateeffortstopursuethebene
ficiariesofasuspectedmoney-launderingoperation,theinstitutionsandpersonsconcern
edshallapprisetheauthoritiesimmediatelyafterwards.
Article8
hallnotdisclosetothecustomerconcernednortootherthirdpersonsthatinformationhasbe
entransmittedtotheauthoritiesinaccordancewithArticles6and7orthatamoneylaunderin
ginvestigationisbeingcarriedout.
paragraph1totheprofessionsmentionedinthesecondparagraphofArticle6(3).
Article9
Thedisclosureingoodfaithtotheauthoritiesresponsibleforcombatingmoneylaunderingb
yaninstitutionorpersonsubjecttothisDirectiveorbyanemployeeordirectorofsuchanins
titutionorpersonoftheinformationreferredtoinArticles6and7shallnotconstituteabre
achofanyrestrictionondisclosureofinformationimposedbycontractorbyanylegislative,r
egulatoryoradministrativeprovision,andshallnotinvolvetheinstitutionorpersonorit
sdirectorsoremployeesinliabilityofanykind.
Article10
MemberStatesshallensurethatif,inthecourseofinspectionscarriedoutintheinstitutio
nsorpersonssubjecttothisDirectivebythecompetentauthorities,orinanyotherway,thos
eauthoritiesdiscoverfactsthatcouldconstituteevidenceofmoneylaundering,theyinfor
mtheauthoritiesresponsibleforcombatingmoneylaundering.
MemberStatesshallensurethatsupervisorybodiesempoweredbylaworregulationtooversee
thestock,foreignexchangeandfinancialderivativesmarkets[28]informtheauthoritiesr
esponsibleforcombatingmoneylaunderingiftheydiscoverfactsthatcouldconstituteevid
enceofmoneylaundering.
Article11
:
(a)establishadequateproceduresofinternalcontrolandcommunicationinordertoforesta
llandpreventoperationsrelatedtomoneylaundering;
(b)takeappropriatemeasuressothattheiremployeesareawareoftheprovisionscontainedi
specialtrainingprogrammestohelpthemrecogniseoperationswhichmayberelatedtomoneyl
aunderingaswellastoinstructthemastohowtoproceedinsuchcases.
WhereanaturalpersonfallingwithinanyofArticle2a(3)to(7)undertakeshisprofessional
activitiesasanemployeeofalegalperson,theobligationsinthisArticleshallapplytotha
tlegalpersonratherthantothenaturalperson.
eaccesstoup-to-dateinformationonthepracticesofmoneylaunderersandonindicationsle
adingtotherecognitionofsuspicioustransactions.
Article12
MemberStatesshallensurethattheprovisionsofthisDirectiveareextendedinwholeorinpa
rttoprofessionsandtocategoriesofundertakings,otherthantheinstitutionsandpersons
referredtoinArticle2a,whichengageinactivitieswhichareparticularlylikelytobeused
formoney-launderingpurposes.
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-
[1]directive[di5rektiv,dai5rektiv]指示
[2]EuropeanCommunity:欧洲经济共同体
[3]undertaking[7QndE5teikiN]事业,企业
[4]currencyexchangeoffices(bureauxdechange):外币兑换所
[5]moneytransmission/remittanceoffices:能够从事汇款业务的单位
[6]insofar[7insEu5fB:]在…范围内
[7]collectiveinvestmentundertaking:集体投资企业，如基金 X公司
[8]unit[5ju:nIt]单位，如契约型基金的基金单位;share:股份，如 X 公司型基金的基金股
份
[9]ViennaConvention:维也纳公约。可参见本书有关《维也纳公约》的部分。
[10]penallaw:刑法
[11]designate[5dezi^neit]指明
[12]notary[5nEutEri]公证人
[13]apprise[E5praiz]通知
[14]derogation[9derEJ`^eIFEn]部分废除（合同、条约或法律等）
[15]premium[5primjEm]保险费
[16]Bywayofderogation…amountingtoEUR2500orless.:为了从之上各条款中免除壹部分出
示身份证明的要求，在欧盟理事会 1992 年 11 月 10 日的有关直接寿险在法律、规则和行政
规定方面的协作的 92/96/EEC号指令（第三号寿险指令）下，当其行为在该指令范围内时，
由保险企业开出的保单的身份验证要求能够免除，即在任壹给定年度的已付或将付定期保费
金额不超过 1000欧元或壹次性保费金额不超过 2500欧元。
[17]takeout:申请取得、参加
[18]byvirtueof:由于
[19]pensionschemestakenoutbyvirtueofacontractofemploymentortheinsured'soccupati
on:经由雇用合同或被保险人的职业取得的退休金计划
[20]deem[di:m]认为
[21]debited[5debitid]记入借方
[22]MemberStates……totherequirementsofparagraph1:成员国可规定，顾客以其在据第 1
款要求的本指令下的信用机构中所开立的账户来借记支付第 3款和第 4款所指的交易时，要
求进行身份验证。
[23]reference[5refrEns]证明
[24]admissible[Ed5misEbl]可接纳的
[25]onone’sowninitiative:主动地
[26]ascertain[7AsE5tein]探知、确定
[27]refrain[ri5frein]限制、制止
[28]financialderivativesmarkets:金融衍生市场
