탄샭뿆톧뷸햹 2005ꎬ13ꎨ6ꎩꎺ836~846 Advances in Psychological Science * 뿧컄뮯탄샭톧훐뗄컄뮯쫊펦퇐뺿 1, 21폠 캰 횣 룖 12ꎨ훐맺뿆톧풺탄샭퇐뺿쯹ꎬ놱뺩 100101ꎩ ꎨ훐맺뿆톧풺퇐뺿짺풺ꎬ놱뺩 100039ꎩ 햪 튪 컄뮯쫊펦ꎨacculturationꎩ뗄퇐뺿틑뺭돉캪뿧컄뮯탄샭톧퇐뺿뗄튻룶훘튪ퟩ돉늿럖ꆣ뷼쓪살헢랽쏦뗄퇐뺿벱뻧퓶볓ꎬ탂뗄샭싛쒣탍늻뛏돶쿖ꎬ웤퇐뺿뛔컷랽맺볒틆쏱헾닟닺짺쇋훘튪펰쿬ꆣ컄헂듓컄뮯쫊펦뗄뚨틥돶랢ꎬ믘맋쇋컄뮯쫊펦뗄샭싛랢햹뫍훷튪뗄퇐뺿랶쪽ꎬ춬쪱튲횸돶쇋떱잰컄뮯쫊펦퇐뺿훐듦퓚뗄컊쳢ꎬퟮ뫳뛔컄뮯쫊펦퇐뺿뷱뫳뗄랢햹쟷쫆ퟶ돶쇋햹췻ꆣ헢튻퇐뺿쇬폲뛔컒맺쇷뚯죋뿚뗄쫊펦컊쳢뫍쏱ퟥ죚뫏뗈랽쏦뗄퇐뺿튲폐훘듳뗄샭싛틢틥ꆣ 맘볼듊 컄뮯쫊펦ꎬ뿧컄뮯탄샭톧ꎬ틆쏱ꎬ쫊펦닟싔ꎬ샭싛쒣탍ꆣ 럖샠뫅 B849:C91 1 ꆰ컄뮯쫊펦ꆱ뗄뚨틥뫍퇐뺿웰풴 풮틽Redfield, Linton뫍Herskovits퓚1936쓪[7~9]컄뮯쫊펦쫇떱뷱뿧컄뮯탄샭톧퇐뺿훐룸돶뗄뚨틥ꎺ [1]ퟮ훘튪뗄쇬폲횮튻ꆣ탭뛠훸쏻뗄뿧컄뮯탄ꆰ평룶쳥쯹ퟩ돉ꎬ쟒뻟폐늻춬컄뮯뗄솽샭톧볒뚼뛔컄뮯쫊펦샭싛뗄랢햹ퟶ돶쇋릱룶좺쳥횮볤ꎬ랢짺돖탸뗄ꆢ횱뷓뗄컄뮯뷓뒥ꎬ[1,2][3,4]쿗ꎬ죧John Berry, Colleen Ward, Ype 떼훂튻랽믲쮫랽풭폐컄뮯쒣쪽랢짺뇤뮯뗄[2]Poortinga뗈튻킩톧헟뛔ꆰ컄뮯쫊펦ꆱ뷸탐쿖쿳ꆣꆱ 쇋쯝풴ꎬFloyd W. Rudmin짵훁ힷ쯝떽쇋냘삭퓧웚뗄컄뮯쫊펦퇐뺿쫇평죋샠톧볒믲춼ꎬ랢쿖냘삭춼훷헅복짙컄뮯횮볤뗄쿠뮥뷓헟짧믡톧볒쯹ퟩ횯뷸탐뗄ꎬ늢쟒튻냣뚼쫇벯[3]뒥ꎬ쪹짧믡뇜쏢쫜떽췢살컄뮯퓣웉뗄펰쿬ꎬ쳥닣듎짏뗄퇐뺿ꎬ쯻쏇첽쳖뗄춨뎣쫇튻룶[5]쯻춬쪱튲랴뛔컄뮯볤뗄췪좫룴샫ꆣ늻맽퓚뷏풭쪼뗄컄뮯좺쳥ꎬ평폚폫랢듯컄뮯좺쳥뷓떱쪱뮹쎻폐돶쿖ꆰacculturationꆱ헢룶떥듊ꎬ뒥뛸룄뇤웤쾰쯗ꆢ뒫춳뫍볛횵맛뗈컄뮯쳘헷헦헽뗚튻듎쪹폃떽ꆰacculturationꆱ헢룶듊뗄뗄맽돌ꆣ탄샭톧볒퓚헢튻쇬폲뗄릱쿗훷튪쫇[6]쫇쏀맺쏱ퟥ쫂컱뻖뗄J. W. Powellꆣ쯻퓚ퟮ뷼벸쪮쓪살뗄릤ퟷꎬ쯻쏇춨뎣룼볓힢훘룶[10]1883쓪냑ꆰ컄뮯쫊펦ꆱ뚨틥캪살ퟔ췢컄뮯헟쳥헢룶닣듎ꎬ잿뗷컄뮯쫊펦뛔룷훖탄샭맽뛔탂컄뮯훐뗄탐캪쒣럂쯹떼훂뗄탄샭뇤뮯ꎬ돌뗄펰쿬ꆣ쯤좻듓Redfield, Linton뫍헢폫쿖퓚컒쏇쯹쮵뗄컄뮯쫊펦뮹쫇폐뫜듳Herskovits뛔컄뮯쫊펦뗄뚨틥살뾴ꎬ컄뮯쫊닮뇰ꆣ쿖퓚컒쏇튻쳡떽컄뮯쫊펦ꎬ튻냣뚼믡펦뗄맽돌쪵볊짏뛔랢짺쿠뮥뷓뒥뗄헢솽룶 늻춬컄뮯뚼믡닺짺펰쿬ꎬ떫쫇평폚펰쿬돌뛈쫕룥죕웚ꎺ2005-01-19 듳늻쿠춬ꎬ뛔튻횱짺믮퓚훷쇷컄뮯ꎨhost * 맺볒ퟔ좻뿆톧믹뷰쿮쒿ꎨ엺ힼ뫅ꎩꎺ30470582ꆣ culture/dominant cultureꎩ훐뗄좺쳥펰쿬뫜춨톶ퟷ헟ꎺ횣룖ꎬE-mail: zhengg@ꎬ뗧뮰ꎺꎨ010ꎩ64864329ꆣ 836
뗚13뻭뗚6웚 뿧컄뮯탄샭톧훐뗄컄뮯쫊펦퇐뺿 -837- 킡ꎬ뛔탂떽헢룶컄뮯뮷뺳뗄좺쳥뗄펰쿬쿠뛔훚뛠늻컞맘쾵ꆣ쟒늻쮵죋샠톧뫍짧믡톧훐뗄뛸퇔뻍듳뗃뛠ꎬ헢튻맽돌짵훁뿉틔펰쿬떽쯻컄뮯쫊펦샭싛ꎬ떥쫇탄샭톧훐뗄샭싛뻍뫜늻쏇짺믮뗄쯹폐랽쏦ꎬ폫듋쿠뛔펦ꎬ틑폐뗄컄춳튻ꎬ탭뛠탄샭톧볒ꎬ쳘뇰쫇뿧컄뮯탄샭톧[2,4,11,12]뮯쫊펦퇐뺿쪵볊짏훷튪첽쳖뗄뻍쫇컄뮯쫊볒뚼쳡돶쇋쯻쏇ퟔ벺뗄샭싛뿲볜ꆣ뛔펦맽돌뛔헢킩탂떽튻룶컄뮯뮷뺳뗄틆쏱믲헢킩샭싛뿲볜뗄퇩횤뫍뇈뷏폐솦뗘췆뚯쇋헟퓝뻓헟뗄펰쿬ꆣ 컄뮯쫊펦샭싛뗄랢햹ꆣ쿂쏦컒쏇붫훷튪듓캬쯤좻죋샠톧볒ퟮ퓧뾪쪼뷸탐컄뮯쫊펦뛈쒣탍뗄뷇뛈살ퟛ쫶뿧컄뮯탄샭톧훐뗄컄뗄퇐뺿ꎬ떫쫇탄샭톧볒뛔컄뮯쫊펦뗄퇐뺿튲뮯쫊펦샭싛뗄랢햹쟩뿶ꆣ 폐튻룶뇈뷏뎤풶뗄샺쪷ꆣ퓧퓚1918쓪 떥캬뛈쒣탍 뫍Znaniecki뻍쳡돶뗚튻룶컄뮯쫊펦뗄탄샭ퟮ돵뗄컄뮯쫊펦샭싛쫇떥캬뛈ꎬ쟒떥랽[5]톧샭싛ꎬ듓듋컄뮯쫊펦뗄퇐뺿풽살풽쫜떽쿲뗄ꆣ헢튻샭싛죏캪컄뮯쫊펦훐뗄룶쳥ퟜ쫇탄샭톧볒쏇뗄훘쫓ꎬ룷훖샭싛튲닣돶늻쟮ꆣ캻폚듓췪좫뗄풭폐컄뮯(culture of 폈웤쫇ퟮ뷼뛾죽쪮쓪살ꎬ붻춨뫍춨톶벼쫵뗄origin/heritage culture)떽췪좫뗄훷쇷컄뮯헢랢햹ꎬ틆쏱쫽솿뗄벤퓶ꎬ쏱ퟥ볤풽살풽욵랱퇹튻룶솬탸쳥뗄쒳튻뗣짏ꎬ늢쟒헢킩룶쳥ퟮ뗄붻쇷ꎬ뚼폐솦뗘듙뷸쇋컄뮯쫊펦퇐뺿뗄랢훕붫떽듯췪좫뗄훷쇷컄뮯헢튻뗣ꎬ튲뻍쫇쮵햹ꆣ폫듋춬쪱ꎬ풽살풽뛠뗄짙쫽쏱ퟥ탄샭톧뛔폚탂떽튻룶컄뮯뮷뺳뗄룶쳥살쮵ꎬ웤컄뮯볒뗄돶쿖틔벰쯻쏇뛔컄뮯쫊펦퇐뺿뗄맘힢쫊펦뗄ퟮ뫳뷡맻뇘좻쫇놻훷쇷컄뮯쯹춬뮯ꆣ[5]튲릲춬췆뚯쇋컄뮯쫊펦퇐뺿뗄잰뷸ꆣ춬쪱ꎬ룶쳥쫜떽훷쇷컄뮯뗄펰쿬풽뛠ꎬ풭살Rudmin뛔1900쓪틔살횱떽2000쓪뗄헢100쓪쏱ퟥ컄뮯뛔쯻뗄펰쿬뻍쿠펦뗘풽짙ꆣ헢튻솬볤PsycINFO뫍Dissertation Abstracts 탸쳥뗄훐뗣쫇튻훖쮫컄뮯뗄ힴ첬International헢솽룶쫽뻝뿢훐쯹냼몬뗄컄뮯(biculturalism)ꎬ듋쪱컄뮯쫊펦훐뗄룶쳥퓚쒳쫊펦퇐뺿ퟶ쇋튻룶춳볆ꎨ볻뇭1ꎩꎬ탎쿳뗘쮵킩랽쏦틑뺭놻훷쇷컄뮯쯹춬뮯ꎬ떫쫇퓚쇭췢[5]쏷쇋컄뮯쫊펦퇐뺿뗄엮늪랢햹ꆣ 튻킩랽쏦좴죔좻쫜풭살뗄컄뮯뗄펰쿬ꆣ샽[13]죧ꎬSong뗈퓚쯻쏇뛔볓훝뗄몫틡쏀맺죋뗄뇭1 컄뮯쫊펦퇐뺿뗄쫽솿 퇐뺿훐쪹폃쇋떥캬뛈솿뇭SL-ASIA(the 쓪듺 PsycINFO Dissertation Abstracts Suinn-Lew Asian Self-Identity Acculturation 1900-1930 0 0 Scale)ꎬ늢쟒룹뻝헢킩몫틡쏀맺죋퓚듋솿뇭1931-1940 17 5 짏뗃럖뗄늻춬ꎬ붫쯻쏇럖돉쇋죽ퟩꎺ뒫춳탍ꎬ1941-1950 60 25 쮫컄뮯탍뫍춬뮯탍ꆣ뷡맻랢쿖쓐탔뗄BMI쳥1951-1960 97 49 훘횸쫽폫컄뮯쫊펦돌뛈헽쿠맘ꎺ죽ퟩ놻쫔뗄1961-1970 111 69 BMI횸쫽쯦ퟅ컄뮯쫊펦돌뛈뗄퓶볓뛸퓶볓1971-1980 248 153 (ꎬꎬ)ꎬ떫쫇얮탔좴늻뻟폐헢튻1981-1990 572 700 1991-2000 1571 1376 쟷쫆ꎬ룷ퟩ횮볤뗄닮틬늢늻쿔훸ꆣ 헢훖떥캬뛈쒣탍뗄샺쪷쿠뛔뛸퇔ퟮ뎤ꎬ2 컄뮯쫊펦샭싛뗄랢햹 ퟮ돵평Parks뫍Miller퓚1921쓪쳡돶ꎬ뫳살평컄뮯쫊펦퇐뺿뗄엮늪랢햹폫쯼뗄샭싛
-838- 탄샭뿆톧뷸햹 2005쓪 [12]Gordon뗈뷸튻늽랢햹ꆣ헢튻샭싛뻟쳥쳥쿖펦훐뗄룶쳥뛔ퟔ벺풭살쯹퓚좺쳥뫍쿖퓚폫퓚쏀맺뻍쫇쏀맺짧믡뗄ꆰ죛슯ꆱ(melting pot)횮쿠뒦뗄탂좺쳥뗄첬뛈(orientation)살뛔컄맛ꎬ믲헟뛔틆쏱ꆰ쏀맺뮯ꆱ(Americanization)뮯쫊펦닟싔뷸탐쟸럖ꎬ쯻쳡돶뗄솽룶캬뛈럖뗄웚췻ꆣ 뇰쫇놣돖뒫춳컄뮯뫍짭럝뗄쟣쿲탔ꎬ틔벰뫍[1,2] 쮫캬뛈쒣탍 웤쯻컄뮯좺쳥붻쇷뗄쟣쿲탔ꆣ늢쟒쯻죏캪쯤좻떥캬뛈쒣탍퓚20쫀볍잰웚뫍훐웚헢솽룶캬뛈쫇쿠뮥뛀솢뗄ꎬ튲뻍쫇쮵ꎬ뛔쒳뚼햼뻝ퟅ훎뗘캻ꎬ떫쫇ퟔ20쫀볍70쓪듺틔훖컄뮯뗄룟죏춬늢늻틢캶ퟅ뛔웤쯻컄뮯뗄살풽살풽킩탄샭톧[1,2,11]ꎬ늢[10,14]ꆣ쿖Berry쯹랢 캬뛈1ꎺ 뫍웤쯻쏱 ퟥ컄뮯좺 쳥붻쇷뗄 쟣쿲탔 떱컄컄뮯ꎬ튲쪱ꎬ쯻쏇쳥늻풸틢쯻컄뮯좺쪹폃뗄닟훘쫓ퟔ벺춳뛠뗄탄샭톧볒뛔쯼쳡돶쇋쳴햽ꆣ튻죏춬뻍뗍ꆣ룹뻝컄뮯쫊펦훐뗄룶쳥퓚헢솽룶볒쿠볌쳡돶쇋쯻쏇뗄쮫캬뛈쒣탍캬뛈짏뗄늻춬뇭쿖ꎬBerry쟸럖돶쇋4훖늻춬쟒뗃떽쇋탭뛠쪵횤퇐뺿뗄폐솦횧돖뗄컄뮯쫊펦닟싔ꎺ헻뫏(integration)ꎬ춬뮯퓚퇐뺿훐쪹폃ퟮ뛠뗄쮫캬뛈쒣탍쫇(assimilation)ꎬ럖샫(separation)ꎬ뫍뇟풵뮯햹돶살뗄쒣탍ꆣBerry룹뻝컄뮯쫊(marginalization)ꎨ볻춼1뗄ퟳ뇟늿럖ꎩꆣ 캬뛈2ꎺ놣돖뒫춳컄뮯뫍짭럝뗄쟣쿲탔ꆪꆪ+ ++ 헻뫏 춬뮯럖샫 뇟풵뮯 ꆪ 짙쫽쏱ퟥ좺쳥쪹폃뗄닟싔 춼1 Berry뗄뮯쫊펦훐뗄룶쳥볈훘쫓놣돖풭폐힢훘폫웤쯻좺쳥뷸탐죕뎣뗄붻췹쯹닉폃뗄닟싔뻍쫇ꆰ헻뫏ꆱꎻ떱룶놣돖쯻쏇풭살뗄컄뮯죏춬ꎬ좴폫웤쳥폐뺭뎣탔뗄죕뎣붻쇷쪱ꎬ쯻쏇쯹싔뻍뚨틥캪ꆰ춬뮯ꆱꎻ떱헢킩룶쳥뗄풭폐컄뮯ꎬ좴쾣췻뇜쏢폫웤쯻좺뛠풪컄뮯죛슯 훖ퟥ룴샫 업돢 훷쇷컄뮯좺쳥쯹쪹폃뗄닟싔 쮫캬뛈샭싛쒣탍 쳥뷸탐붻쇷쪱ꎬ뻍돶쿖쇋ꆰ럖샫ꆱꎻퟮ떱헢킩룶쳥뛔놣돖풭살컄뮯ꎬ뛔뫍웤쯻뷸탐붻쇷뚼쎻폐쪲쎴뫜듳뿉쓜탔ꎬ튲좱좤쪱ꎬ헢쪱뗄컄뮯쫊펦닟싔뻍쫇ꆰ뇟풵[2]ꆣ 탭뛠퇐뺿헟뛔Berry뗄쮫캬뛈샭싛뫍솿뇭뗄웕뇩쫊폃탔뷸탐맽퇩횤ꆣ샽죧 뫳ꎬ좺쳥랦탋뮯ꆱ쒣탍ꎬLee
뗚13뻭뗚6웚 뿧컄뮯탄샭톧훐뗄컄뮯쫊펦퇐뺿 -839- [1,2]뗈쪹폃Berry랢햹웰살뗄쮫캬뛈솿뇭뛔몫틡퓶볓쇋튻룶샠쯆뗄뷡릹ꎨ죧춼1폒ꎩꆣ헽쏀맺죋뗄컄뮯쫊펦뷸탐쇋퇐뺿ꎬ헒돶쇋죽훖죧쏀맺짏룶쫀볍잰훐웚뗄쿖쪵튻퇹ꎬ떱훷쇷[10]컄뮯쫊펦닟싔ꎺ헻뫏ꎬ춬뮯뫍럖샫ꆣ뷡맻컄뮯좺쳥춨맽훖훖쫖뛎살듙뷸틆쏱뗄ꆰ춬뇭쏷ꎬ닉폃춬뮯닟싔뗄놻쫔훷튪쫇쓇킩쓪쇤뮯ꆱ쪱ꎬ쪵볊짏뻍쫇냑쏀맺짧믡떱돉튻룶ꆰ죛뫜킡뻍틆쏱떽쏀맺뗄죋틔벰돶짺퓚쏀맺뗄슯ꆱꎬ쫔춼냑쯹폐짙쫽쏱ퟥ컄뮯뚼죛뮯뷸좥ꎻ뗚뛾듺몫틡ꎬ헢킩죋ퟮ쓜쫊펦쏀맺짧믡뗄짺떱헢킩훷쇷컄뮯좺쳥ힷ쟳늢볓잿ꆰ럖샫ꆱ쪱ꎬ믮ꎻ닉폃럖샫닟싔뗄틆쏱퓲ퟮ쫊틋짺믮퓚몫닉폃뗄쫇ꆰ훖ퟥ룴샫ꆱ닟싔ꎬ헢튻닟싔퓚쓏맺뗄컄뮯놳뺰훐ꎻ뛸헻뫏ퟩ뗄놻쫔쯤좻닎볓럇뫍쏀맺뚼쪵탐맽ꎻ떱훷쇷컄뮯좺쳥붫컄뮯쏀맺훷쇷컄뮯뗄믮뚯ꎬ튲폐쏀맺훷쇷컄뮯뗄쫊펦훐뗄좺쳥ꆰ뇟풵뮯ꆱ쪱ꎬ쪵볊짏닉폃뗄짧붻좦ퟓꎬ쯻쏇춬쪱튲놣돖쇋닎볓몫맺컄뮯쫇튻훖ꆰ업돢ꆱ닟싔ꎻퟮ뫳뮹폐튻훖ꎬ뻍쫇좺쳥믮뚯뗄쾰맟ꎬ튲폐몫맺죋뗄엳폑좦ퟓꆣ떱훷쇷컄뮯좺쳥돐죏웤쯻컄뮯뗄뛔뗈훘튪헢쿮퇐뺿퓚쳘뚨컄뮯쇬폲뫍ퟜ쳥뗄컄뮯쫊탔ꎬ늢ힷ쟳맺볒뗄컄뮯뛠퇹탔쪱ꎬ뻍돶쿖쇋펦헢솽룶닣듎뚼폐솦뗘횧돖쇋Berry뗄쮫캬폫ꆰ헻뫏ꆱ쿠뛔펦뗄ꆰ뛠풪컄뮯ꆱꎬ헢튻닟뛈쒣탍ꆣ 싔퓚볓쓃듳뗈맺볒뇈뷏쫜뮶펭ꎬ늢쟒뾪쪼퓚좫쟲랶캧쓚믱뗃풽살풽뛠뗄훘쫓ꆣ 쿖퓚ꎬ쮫캬뛈뗄샭싛쒣탍뗃떽쇋풽살풽 죚뫏쒣탍 뛠퇐뺿헟뗄횧돖ꎬ늢뛔짧믡폟싛뫍맺볒헾닟잰쏦뗄쒣탍뚼폫컄뮯쫊펦뗄캬뛈폐맘ꎬ닺짺ퟅ죕틦쿔훸뗄펰쿬ꆣ헢훖맛뗣잿뗷뛠풪떫쫇Arends- Toth뫍Van de Vijver퓚ퟜ뷡웤쯻짧믡뗄컄뮯뛠퇹탔ꎬ퓚쫵폯짏튲쯦횮돶쿖쇋퇐뺿헟뗄퇐뺿뷡맻뗄믹뒡짏ꎬ듓쇭췢뗄쮼슷폫ꆰ죛슯ꆱ맛쿠뛔솢뗄ꆰ십주뿋ꆱꎨmosaicꎩ쳡돶쇋튻룶탂쒣탍ꆪꆪ죚뫏쒣탍(fusion 맛믲ꆰ즳삭냙믣ꆱꎨsalad bowlꎩ맛ꎬ죏캪뛠 [15]model)ꆣ쯻쏇죏캪컄뮯쫊펦훐뗄룶쳥쪵볊풪짧믡샯뗄쎿튻룶쏱ퟥ뚼쫇십주뿋운춼믲짏쏦뛔뗄쫇튻훖탂뗄ꆰ헻뫏뗄컄뮯ꆱꎬ뛸늻헟즳삭운엌훐뗄튻룶ퟩ돉늿럖ꎬ뇋듋횮볤쫇쫇떥튻뗄훷쇷컄뮯ꎬ믲헟풭폐컄뮯ꆣ헢훖헻욽뗈뗄ꆣ 뫏뗄컄뮯뿉쓜냼몬쇋솽훖컄뮯샯쯹릲폐뗄 뛠캬뛈쒣탍 뺫뮪늿럖ꎬ튲뿉쓜냼몬ퟅ쒳튻컄뮯쯹쳘폐뗄쯦ퟅ탄샭톧볒뛔컄뮯쫊펦퇐뺿뗄짮죫ꎬ떫늢늻춻돶뗄쓚죝ꆣ헢튻쒣탍퓚샭싛짏좷쪵튻킩탄샭톧볒짵훁쳡돶쇋듓죽룶믲죽룶틔[1,12]폐뒴탂횮뒦ꎬ컞싛쫇뛔컄뮯쫊펦뗄퇐뺿ꎬ뮹짏뗄캬뛈살퇐뺿컄뮯쫊펦ꆣ샽죧ꎬBerry쫇뛔뿧컄뮯탄샭톧뗄웤쯻퇐뺿뚼폐훘튪틢뾼싇떽컄뮯쫊펦훐뗄쏱ퟥ컄뮯좺쳥퓚뫜뛠틥ꎬ떫쫇떽쒿잰캪횹뫜짙폐쪵횤탔퇐뺿뗄횧쟩뿶쿂늢늻쓜ퟔ평뗘톡퓱쯻쏇뗄컄뮯쫊펦돖ꎬ늢쟒튲뫜쓑짨볆돶헫뛔헢룶쒣탍뗄쪵횤닟싔ꎬ춬쪱튲쫇듓Redfield, Linton뫍탔퇐뺿ꆣ틲듋ꎬ튲뻍늻쓑샭뷢쯼퓚캬뛈샭싛Herskovits뛔컄뮯쫊펦뗄뺭뗤뚨틥돶랢ꎬ퓚샯뷼뫵컞죋힢틢뗄뗘캻ꆣ 쯻풭폐샭싛솽룶캬뛈뗄믹뒡짏퓶볓쇋뗚죽컄뮯쫊펦뗄캬뛈컊쳢쫇컄뮯쫊펦샭싛룶캬뛈ꎺ컄뮯쫊펦웚췻뫍훷쇷컄뮯좺쳥퓚잿[1]뗄솽룶뫋탄컊쳢횮튻ꎬ튲튻횱쫇컄뮯쫊펦폐솦뗄쿠뮥컄뮯쫊펦맽돌훐쯹냧퇝뗄뷇즫ꎬ퇐뺿훐헹싛뗄죈뗣컊쳢ꆣ평폚뛠랽쏦풭틲뗄평듋퓚풭폐쮫캬뛈쒣탍뗄믹뒡짏ꎨ죧춼1ퟳꎩ
-840- 탄샭뿆톧뷸햹 2005쓪 듦퓚ꎬ죧솿뇭늻춳튻ꎬ컄뮯쫊펦냼몬뗄쓚죝죏뫍욽뗈믺믡ꎬ떫쫇퓚볒춥헢훖쮽죋쇬폲ꎬ[18]늻쏷좷뗈ꎬ룷훖캬뛈쒣탍늢듦퓚컄뮯쫊펦뗄쯻쏇룼볓풸틢놣돖풭살뗄컄뮯뒫춳ꆣLee퇐뺿훐ꆣퟜ뗄살쮵ꎬ퓚떱뷱뗄뿧컄뮯탄샭톧뗈뛔몫틡쏀맺죋뗄퇐뺿튲뗃돶쇋샠쯆뗄뷡[10]쇬폲ꎬ쯤좻뮹폐킩퇐뺿횧돖믲헟늿럖뗘횧돖맻ꆣ [12,15]떥캬뛈쒣탍ꎬ퓚샭싛닣듎짏뮹쫇폐튻룶3 컄뮯쫊펦뗄훷튪퇐뺿랽쿲 [16,17]쏷쿔뗄쿲쮫캬뛈쒣탍맽뛉뗄쟷쫆ꎬ뛸뛠뿧컄뮯탄샭톧훐뗄컄뮯쫊펦퇐뺿풽살캬뛈쒣탍뫍죚뫏쒣탍퓚쿖뷗뛎퓲좱랦ퟣ릻풽뛠ꎬ튲짦벰떽탭뛠랽쏦ꎬ떫ퟜ뗄살쮵뿉틔뗄쪵횤탔횤뻝ꆣ 맩캪솽듳샠ꎬ튻샠쫇컄뮯쫊펦샭싛랽쏦뗄첽퓚컄뮯쫊펦샭싛짏돽쇋뛔캬뛈뗄쳖싛쳖ꎬ훷튪폐샭싛뿲볜뗄쳖싛ꆢ뇈뷏ꎬ틔벰솿췢ꎬ뮹폐튻킩웤쯻랽쏦뗄뷸햹ꎬ훷튪쳥쿖퓚뇭뗄랢햹뫍탞뚩ꎻ쇭췢튻샠퓲쫇첽쳖컄뮯쫊뛔컄뮯쫊펦뗄닣듎뫍쇬폲뗄퇐뺿짏ꆣ퓚컄뮯펦폫룷훖탄샭맽돌틔벰탐캪뗄맘쾵ꎬ웤훐퇐쫊펦뗄닣듎랽쏦ꎬWard뫍쯽뗄춬쫂ퟶ쇋듳솿뺿뗃ퟮ뛠뗄쫇컄뮯쫊펦뛔짭탄붡뾵뗄펰쿬ꆣ [3, 4]뗄릤ퟷꎬ쯻쏇냑컄뮯쫊펦럖돉솽훖샠탍ꎺ 컄뮯쫊펦샭싛짏뗄첽쳖 탄샭닣듎짏뗄틔벰짧믡컄뮯닣듎짏뗄컄뮯평폚컄뮯쫊펦뗄샭싛뿲볜뮹늻릻쟥컺ꎬ쫊펦ꆣ늢쟒ꎬ쯻쏇뛔퓚쓡늴뛻릤ퟷ뗄맺볊풮솿뇭랽쏦튲듦퓚늻짙컊쳢ꎬ쒿잰탭뛠컄뮯쫊[4]훺릤죋뗄퇐뺿훐ꎬ돉릦뗘냑쯻쏇뗄닣듎샭펦뗄퇐뺿뚼폫샭싛뗄랢햹폐맘ꎬ짦벰뗄훷튪싛폫Berry뗄쮫캬뛈쒣탍뷸탐쇋헻뫏ꎬ랢쿖뛔쫇컄뮯쫊펦뗄뿲볜뫍쪹폃뗄솿뇭솽룶랽쏦ꆣ 쏱ퟥ컄뮯뗄룟죏춬쓜릻풤닢탄샭닣듎짏룼닎폫샭싛뿲볜쳖싛뗄탄샭톧볒훷튪살뫃뗄쫊펦ꎬ뛸뛔훷쇷컄뮯뗄룟죏춬퓲틢캶ퟅ[1][4][15]ퟔ폚볓쓃듳ꎬ탂볓웂ꎬ뫉삼뗈뗘ꆣ평룼짙뗄짧붻삧쓑ꎨ짧믡컄뮯닣듎ꎩꆣ쇭췢ꎬ폚헢킩탄샭톧볒늻뛏뗘쳡돶뫍룄뷸쯻쏇뗄폐킩퇐뺿헟ꎬ쳘뇰쫇뫉삼뗄튻킩탄샭톧볒쳡샭싛뿲볜ꎬ쿖퓚컄뮯쫊펦뗄퇐뺿쿠뛔폚쪮벸돶튪힢틢틆쏱퓚늻춬짺믮쇬폲뗄늻춬컄뮯쓪잰뗄ힴ뿶살쮵틑뺭듳듳뗘룄맛쇋ꎬ쯤좻헢[15, 18]쫊펦닟싔ꆣ틔췹뗄퇐뺿쟣쿲폚냑쯹폐뗄룶쇬폲뗄퇐뺿퓸뺭퓚90쓪듺돵놻죋엺움캪짺믮쇬폲뗈춬뮯ꎬ퓚닢솿튻룶틆쏱뗄컄뮯쫊[19]쪮뛠쓪뚼쎻폐쪲쎴뷸햹ꆣ떱좻ꎬ퓚컄뮯쫊펦쪱ꎬ뺭뎣뚼쫇냑쯻퓚룷룶쿮쒿ꎨ쇬폲ꎩ짏펦뗄샭싛뷡릹짏뮹듦퓚늻짙헹틩ꎬ튲폐늻짙뗄뗃럖볲떥쿠볓ꎬ틔듋살좷뚨쯻뗄컄뮯쫊펦퇐뺿쏅헫뛔헢킩샭싛뿲볜뫍쒣탍뷸탐맽돌뛈믲헟컄뮯쫊펦닟싔ꆣ헢킩퇐뺿헟죏캪헢뇈뷏ꎬ떫쫇뷡싛늻튻ꆣ샽죧ꎬ퓚캬뛈쒣탍뗄퇹ퟶ쿔좻늻럻뫏쪵볊쟩뿶ꎬ틲캪튻룶틆쏱뫜컊쳢짏ꎬ뻍폐늻짙퇐뺿헟쏅ퟶ맽뛔뇈퇐뺿뿉쓜믡ힷ쟳뺭볃뫍릤ퟷ짏뗄춬뮯ꎬ폯퇔짏뗄[10,12,14,15]ꎬ뷡맻튲늻춳튻ꎬ퓚쒳킩퇐뺿훐떥헻뫏ꎬ떫쫇퓚볒춥ꆢ믩틶뫍틻쪳뗈컊쳢짏좴[15]캬뛈뗄뿲볜햼폅쫆ꎬ쇭췢튻킩퇐뺿퓲횧돖닉폃럖샫뗄닟싔ꆣArends-Toth뫍Van de [10,14]쮫캬뛈쒣탍ꎬ뮹폐뗄퇐뺿뛔솽룶쒣탍뚼Vijver퓚쯻쏇뛔뫉삼놾뗘죋틔벰뫉삼뗄췁뛺[12]늿럖횧돖ꆣ 웤틆쏱뗄퇐뺿훐뻍랢쿖ꎬ뛔폚헢킩췁뛺웤틆샭싛뿲볜짏뗄쳖싛뫍뇈뷏뇘좻틽웰붨쏱살쮵ꎬ쯤좻퓚릫릲쇬폲뗄쫊펦믲헟쮵춬뮯릹폚샭싛뿲볜횮짏뗄솿뇭횮볤뗄뇈뷏ꎬ늢췆뫜훘튪ꎬ틲캪헢킩뿉틔냯훺쯻쏇믱뗃짧믡돐뚯탂뗄솿뇭뗄돶쿖ꆣퟮ뷼ꎬ쮫캬뛈쒣탍뗄쇷
뗚13뻭뗚6웚 뿧컄뮯탄샭톧훐뗄컄뮯쫊펦퇐뺿 -841- 탐ꎬ뛠캬뛈쒣탍뗄돶쿖뚼폐솦뗘듙뷸쇋탂솿컄뮯쫊펦솿뇭ꎬ뛔웤쯻짙쫽쏱ퟥ뗄컄뮯쫊펦[8]뇭뗄늻뛏펿쿖ꆣ쇭췢ꎬ풽살풽뛠뗄짙쫽쏱ퟥ폫탄샭붡뾵뗄맘쾵뷸탐첽쳖ꆣ뿉틔쮵쿖퓚[19]탄샭톧볒튲뾪쪼랢햹돶믹폚놾쏱ퟥ풭폐컄헢샠퇐뺿뗄퇐뺿뷡맻뫍쪮뛠쓪잰Rogler뗈뮯뗄컄뮯쫊펦솿뇭ꆣ샽죧ꎬ뎤웚틔살ꎬ듳뛠뛔삭쏀틆쏱뗄컄뮯쫊펦뫍탄샭붡뾵ힴ뿶뗄쫽탄샭톧볒퓚퇐뺿퇇훞틆쏱뗄컄뮯쫊펦쪱ꎬퟛ쫶닮늻뛠ꎺ퓚늻춬뗄퇐뺿훐ꎬ쒳킩탄샭벲쪹폃뗄뚼쫇Suinn뗈뗄SL-ASIA솿뇭ꎨ떥캬늡믲탐캪뗄랢짺폫컄뮯쫊펦뗄맘쾵늻튻훂ꆣ뛈ꎩꎬ믲헟뛔풭살뗄SL-ASIA솿뇭짔ퟶ탞뚩떱좻ꎬ튲듦퓚튻킩뷡맻쿠떱컈뚨뗄퇐뺿ꎬ샽뫳퓙폃ꎬ뛸Lim뗈퓲룹뻝Berry뗄쮫캬뛈샭싛죧컞싛쫇뚫퇇죋ꎬ뮹쫇삭쏀죋ꎬ쯻쏇컼퇌ꎬ뿲볜뫍룟쏞컄뮯뗄쪵볊쟩뿶붨솢쇋쫊폃폚뫈뻆뗄욵싊뚼폫컄뮯쫊펦뗄돌뛈헽쿠맘[20][13,22,23][8,19]볭웒햯틆쏱뗄쮫캬뛈폃솿뇭ꆣ헢룶탂솿ꆣ탭뛠퇐뺿헟뚼퓸뺭뛔퇐뺿뷡맻뇭폫풭살퇐뺿훐쯹쪹폃뗄SL-ASIA듳늻쿠횮볤뗄뻞듳닮틬ퟶ맽짮죫럖컶ꎬퟜ뷡웰살ꎬ춬ꆣ샽죧ꎬ붫SL-ASIA퓋폃떽볭웒햯틆쏱쪱ꎬ뿉틔죏캪틔쿂벸룶틲쯘릲춬떼훂쇋헢훖닮믡폐튻룶폯퇔랽쏦뗄쿮쒿ꎺꆰ떱쓣퓄뛁뗄쪱틬뗄돶쿖ꎺ퇐뺿훐쪹폃뗄늻춬닢솿랽쪽ꎬ살뫲ꎬ쓣쫇횻퓄뛁룟쏞폯뗄닄쇏ꎬ퓄뛁룟쏞폯ퟔ늻춬짙쫽쏱ퟥ좺쳥뗄퇐뺿뛔쿳ꎬ틆죫맺늻뫃폚펢폯ꎬ솽헟춬퇹뫃ꎬ퓄뛁펢폯뫃폚룟쏞춬뗄헾훎뺭볃뮷뺳ꎬ틔벰뛔틆쏱늻춬뗄뷓쓉폯ꎬ뮹쫇횻퓄뛁펢폯뗄닄쇏ꎿꆱ튪쟳놻쫔퓚첬뛈뗈ꆣ Likert컥뗣솿뇭짏뷸탐움뚨ꎬ떫쫇퓚Lim뗈뗄돽쇋퓚컄뮯쫊펦폫틆쏱탄샭붡뾵뗄맘탂솿뇭훐ꎬ샠쯆뗄폯퇔컊쳢춬쪱돶쿖퓚솽룶쾵짏뷸탐첽쯷횮췢ꎬ뮹폐튻킩퇐뺿첽쳖쇋컄럖솿뇭훐ꎬ퓚룟쏞컄뮯쟣쿲솿뇭훐ꎬ쫇ꆰ컒뮯쫊펦폫웤쯻튻킩뇤솿횮볤뗄맘쾵ꎬ샽죧폫[26][27]쓜릻퓄뛁룟쏞폯뗄킡쮵ꆱꎬ퓚쏀맺훷쇷컄뮯톧튵돉뻍ꎬ캹퇸랽쪽뗈뗄맘쾵ꆣ평폚헢쟣쿲솿뇭훐ꎬ퓲쫇ꆰ컒쓜릻퓄뛁펢폯뗄킡킩퇐뺿뇈뷏짙ꎬ뫜짙폐퇐뺿헟뛔컄뮯쫊펦폫쮵ꆱꎬ튪쟳놻쫔퓚Likert쯄뗣솿뇭짏뛔헢킩헢샠뇤솿뗄맘쾵뛠듎뷸탐닢솿ꎬ튲뫜짙폐퇐쿮쒿뷸탐움뚨ꆣ 뺿헟퓚늻춬뗄짙쫽쏱ퟥ컄뮯좺쳥훐볬퇩듓 컄뮯쫊펦폫룷훖탄샭맽돌벰탐캪뗄맘웤쯻좺쳥훐뗃돶뗄뷡싛ꎬ틲뛸헢킩퇐뺿뫜짙쾵 돶쿖쿠뮥쎬뛜뗄뷡싛ꎬ튲뫜짙틽웰웤쯻퇐뺿뿉틔쮵뻸듳늿럖뗄헢샠퇐뺿뚼퓚쫔춼헟뗄맘힢ꆣ 첽쳖컄뮯쫊펦폫룷탄샭붡뾵뇤솿횮볤뗄맘4 컄뮯쫊펦퇐뺿쯹쏦쇙뗄훷튪컊쳢 [21]쾵ꎬ헢킩탄샭붡뾵뇤솿냼삨튩컯틀삵ꎬ탯뫜쏷쿔ꎬ컄뮯쫊펦뗄퇐뺿훐뮹듦퓚튻킩[22][23][24]뻆ꎬ컼퇌ꎬ틻쪳쾰맟ꎬ틔벰늻솼탐벬쫖뗄컊쳢튻횱뚼쎻폐뗃떽뫜뫃뗄뷢뻶ꎬ헢[25]캪뗈ꆣ퓧웚뗄헢샠퇐뺿듳뛠쫇헫뛔삭쏀틆킩컊쳢ퟨ낭쇋컄뮯쫊펦퇐뺿뗄뷸튻늽랢햹ꆣ쏱ꎬ폈웤쫇쒫컷룧틆쏱벰웤뫳듺쯹뷸탐뗄ꎬퟜ뗄살쮵ꎬ듦퓚뗄뇈뷏웕뇩뗄컊쳢훷튪폐틔퇐뺿뷡맻뛔웤쯻짙쫽쏱ퟥ좺쳥뗄췆맣쫜떽쿂벸룶ꎺ 쇋쿞훆ꆣ뷼쓪살풽살풽뛠뗄탄샭톧볒뾪쪼맘뗚튻ꎬ떥캬뛈샭싛죔좻햼뻝ퟅ쿠떱훘튪힢웤쯻짙쫽쏱ퟥ틆쏱좺쳥뗄탄샭붡뾵ힴ뿶ꎬ뗄뗘캻ꆣ쯤좻쒿잰듳솿뗄퇐뺿횤쏷쮫캬뛈믲쯻쏇탞룄뫍탞뚩풭살캪삭쏀틆쏱쯹뇠훆뗄[10,14]헟뛠캬뛈샭싛룼볓뻟폐쮵럾솦ꎬ탭뛠퇐
-842- 탄샭뿆톧뷸햹 2005쓪 뺿헟튲쟣쿲폚죏춬쮫캬뛈믲헟뛠캬뛈샭싛킩쳘뇰훘튪뗄ꎬ뿉쓜퓚컄뮯쫊펦뷡릹훐룼볓[9,28][28]ꎬ떫쫇튻랽쏦ꎬ쿖퓚뗄컄뮯쫊펦퇐뺿쯹훘튪뗄뇤솿ꎬ죧볛횵맛뗈ꆣ 쪹폃뗄솿뇭듳늿럖뮹쫇믹폚떥캬뛈뗄샭싛뗚죽ꎬ뫜짙뾼싇떽짙쫽쏱ퟥ컄뮯좺쳥폫뿲볜뗄ꎬ죧쫊폃폚삭쏀틆쏱뗄ARSMAꎨthe 훷쇷컄뮯좺쳥뗄맘쾵ꆣ쯤좻늻뛏폐퇐뺿헟잿Acculturation Rating Scale for Mexican 뗷짙쫽쏱ퟥ좺쳥퓚짧믡훐뗄뗘캻뛔헢킩짙[28]Americansꎩ뫍쫊폃폚퇇훞틆쏱뗄SL-ASIAꎬ쫽쏱ퟥ틆쏱컄뮯쫊펦뗄훘튪탔ꎬ좴뫜짙폐헢킩솿뇭뫍쯼쏇뗄탞뚩냦놻쪹폃뗄욵싊뻸솿뇭냼몬쇋짙쫽쏱ퟥ컄뮯좺쳥폫훷쇷컄뮯뛔룟폚쮫캬뛈믲헟뛠캬뛈솿뇭ꎻ쇭튻랽쏦ꎬ좺쳥맘쾵뗄쿮쒿ꎬ튲뫜짙폐퇐뺿뾼싇떽쇋솽뮹폐튻킩쪵횤탔퇐뺿횧돖떥캬뛈샭싛ꎬ쯤좻훖컄뮯좺쳥뗄맘쾵ꆣ뫜죝틗샭뷢ꎬ평폚볓쓃튻킩퇐뺿헟뛔헢킩뷡맻쳡돶쇋훊틉ꎬ떫쫇튲듳헾뢮틔벰헻룶볓쓃듳짧믡뛔뛠풪컄뮯뗄쎻폐헒떽쪵횤탔횤뻝살듓룹놾짏럱죏떥캬죏춬ꎬ짙쫽쏱ퟥ컄뮯좺쳥틆쏱퓚볓쓃듳뗄컄뛈뿲볜ꎻ춬쪱ꎬ쒳킩맺볒ꎬ샽죧쏀맺짧믡뛔뮯쫊펦쟩뿶뿏뚨늻춬폚쿠춬컄뮯좺쳥퓚쏀ꆰ죛슯ꆱ맛뫍ꆰ쏀맺뮯ꆱ 샭싛뗄튻맡횧돖ꎬ맺헢룶튻횱췆돧ꆰ죛슯ꆱ맛뗄맺뛈뗄컄뮯쫊튲쪹떥캬뛈샭싛폐쇋볌탸짺듦뗄뿍맛믹뒡펦쟩뿶ꎻ춬퇹ꎬ평폚burakumin죋퓚죕놾짧뫍쳵볾ꆣ 믡뗄뗘캻뷏뗍ꎬ쯻쏇퓚죕놾훷쇷짧믡뗄컄뮯뗚뛾ꎬ솿뇭랽쏦뮹듦퓚ퟅ튻킩컊쳢ꆣ쿖쫊펦뿏뚨튲늻춬폚낻룱슳죶뿋톷죋퓚죕놾퓚ꎬ퇐뺿헟쯹쪹폃뗄솿뇭벫웤늻춳튻ꎬ폐킩뗄컄뮯쫊펦ꆣ헢훖쟩뿶뗄돶쿖튻랽쏦뿉쓜폫쪹폃떥튻뗄뇤솿살닢솿컄뮯쫊펦ꎬ죧틆쏱쪹쒳킩퇐뺿헟뗄쫨뫶폐맘ꎬ떫쫇룼훘튪뗄풭틲[29][30]폃뗄폯퇔ꎬ뫍틆쏱뗄쫀듺ꎻ폐킩퓲쪹폃퓚폚짙쫽쏱ퟥ컄뮯좺쳥뗄뗘캻ꎬ믲헟쮵헢킩쇋솽룶믲헟벸룶뇤솿뗄ퟩ뫏살닢솿컄뮯쫊좺쳥폫훷쇷컄뮯좺쳥횮볤뗄맘쾵쓑폚닢솿ꆣ [23,24,31]펦ꎻ쪹폃ퟮ뛠뗄퓲쫇쪹폃쒳킩떥캬뛈뗚쯄ꎬ컄뮯쫊펦ퟷ캪ퟔ뇤솿쪹폃뗄쿖쿳[32][13]뗄솿뇭ꎬ죧ARSMA뫍SL-ASIAꎻ뮹폐죔좻듦퓚ꆣ짏룶쫀볍쿂냫튶ꎬ퓸뺭폐탭뛠퇐튻킩ퟮ뷼뗄퇐뺿쪹폃뗄퓲쫇쮫캬뛈뗄솿뇭뺿헟뫍헾뢮믺릹틔컄뮯쫊펦듙뷸틆쏱뗄짭[25]ꆣ튻랽쏦ꎬ헢훖쟩뿶뗄돶쿖폫컄뮯쫊펦샭탄랢햹캪평ꎬ췆뚯틆쏱뗄ꆰ쏀맺뮯ꆱ믲헟ꆰ컷싛뿲볜뗄쒣뫽탔폐맘ꎬ쇭튻랽쏦ꎬ평폚늻춬뮯ꆱꎬ떱쪱폐탭뛠퇐뺿뚼횤쏷맽컄뮯쫊펦뛔퇐뺿샯쯹쪹폃뗄솿뇭늻춬ꎬ떼훂뷡맻횮볤컞틆쏱뗄탄샭붡뾵뗄듙뷸ퟷ폃ꎬ횱떽ퟮ뷼뮹폐램뇈뷏ꎬ믲헟벴쪹튻뚨튪쓃헢킩뷡맻뷸탐뇈튻킩퇐뺿헟쫔춼첽쳖컄뮯쫊펦폫쒳킩탄샭[26,27]뷏ꎬ뷡싛횮볤튲듦퓚ퟅ뫜듳닮뇰ꎬ폐쪱짵훁뇤솿횮볤뗄틲맻맘쾵ꆣ쯤좻쯦ퟅ풽살풽쿠뮥쎬뛜ꎬ룷훖샭싛쒣탍튲틲듋뚼뗃떽쇋늻뛠퇐뺿헟뾪쪼훊틉헢훖틲맻맘쾵ꎬ풽살풽뛠짙쪵횤퇐뺿뗄횧돖ꎬ뷸튻늽쪹룷샭싛뿲볜횮뗄퇐뺿룄캪첽쳖컄뮯쫊펦폫룷훖탄샭뇤솿[21,24,31]볤뗄뇈뷏ꆢ헹싛룼볓벤쇒ꆣ쇭췢ꎬ쿖퓚틑폐횮볤뗄쿠맘맘쾵ꎬ떫쫇헢훖늻럻뫏뛠뗄솿뇭쯹닉폃뗄쿮쒿튻냣뚼쫇뇈뷏죝틗닢풪컄뮯짧믡샭쓮뗄퇐뺿랽램죔좻듦퓚ꎬ튲늻솿뗄쿮쒿ꎬ죧쪹폃뗄폯퇔ꎬ퓚틆죫맺뻓힡쪱죝뫶쫓ꆣ 볤뗄뎤뛌ꎬ엳폑훐훷쇷컄뮯좺쳥엳폑쯹햼뗄듋췢ꎬ쿖퓚틑폐뗄컄뮯쫊펦퇐뺿튻냣뚼뇈샽뗈ꎬ좴틲캪쓑폚닢솿뗄.풭틲ꎬ업돽쇋튻쫇평훷쇷컄뮯뗄퇐뺿헟쯹ퟩ횯뷸탐뗄ꎬ헢킩
뗚13뻭뗚6웚 뿧컄뮯탄샭톧훐뗄컄뮯쫊펦퇐뺿 -843- 퇐뺿헟룹뻝ퟔ벺뗄뺭퇩좷뚨컄뮯쫊펦뗄뷡캬뛈뗄샭싛뿲볜풽살풽쫜떽맣듳퇐뺿헟뗄릹뫍닢솿컄뮯쫊펦뗄솿뇭ꎬ좻뫳폃쯼쏇살퇐힢틢ꎬ튲늻뛏폐쮫캬뛈믲헟죽캬뛈솿뇭돶쿖[20,34]뺿컄뮯쫊펦ꆣ헢킩퇐뺿헟늻뿉뇜쏢뗘쫜떽쯻ꆣ쯦ퟅ헢킩탂돶쿖뗄솿뇭뗄훰늽놻죏쏇돉뎤뫍쫜뷌폽뗄뮷뺳뗄펰쿬ꎬ쓑폚랢쿖틆뿉ꎬ쮫캬뛈뫍뛠캬뛈솿뇭뇘붫좡듺쒿잰떥캬쏱믲헟쇷뚯죋뿚컄뮯쫊펦맽돌훐뗄짮닣듎뛈솿뇭퓚쪵횤퇐뺿훐뗄훷떼뗘캻ꆣ솿뇭뗄랢쓚죝ꆣ헽죧램맺짧믡톧볒Pierre Bourdieu쯹햹튻랽쏦튪좷뚨뫃웤캬뛈ꎬ쇭췢ꎬ튲튪힢틢횸돶뗄ꎬ틲캪퇐뺿헟쏇듓훷쇷짧믡뗄솢뎡살톡퓱뫃쿮쒿ꎬ좷뚨튻킩뇘튪뗄ꎬ퓚컄뮯쫊펦퇐뺿ꆰ틆쏱ꆱꎬ뷶뷶듓ꆰ틆쏱ꆱ뿉쓜룸훷쇷뷡릹훐햼훘튪뗘캻뗄횸뇪ꎬ뛸늻뷶뷶쫇쓇킩짧믡듸살컊쳢헢룶뷇뛈살뾴듽ꆰ틆쏱ꆱꎬ뛸뎣폃뗄쳦듺뇤솿ꎨproxy variablesꎩꆣ춨맽헢쎻폐춬쪱듓ꆰ틆쏱ꆱ뗄뷇뛈뷸탐뛠풪쮼뾼ꎬ퇹뗄랽쪽ꎬ컒쏇쓜릻뺡뿉쓜뗘쪹헢킩쿮쒿쯹헦헽쇋뷢틆쏱뗄룐쫜뫍쯻쏇뗄쫊펦컊쳢ꎬ쪵듺뇭뗄뷡릹폫쿖쪵뗄컄뮯뷓뷼ꎬ퓶볓닢솿뗄볊짏늢늻쓜짮죫첽쳖쓇킩떼훂죋뿚쇷뚯뫍쓚늿킧뛈ꆣ [33]늻춬쇷뚯맽돌뗄룷훖풭틲ꆣ 퓚췢늿킧뛈랽쏦ꎬ쿖퓚틑폐뗄컄뮯쫊펦퇐뺿뗄랶캧뇈뷏킡ꎬ펰쿬떽쇋샭싛뗄췢늿킧5 컄뮯쫊펦퇐뺿뗄랢햹햹췻 뛈ꎬ퓚틔뫳뗄퇐뺿훐폐뇘튪춨맽삩듳뫍퓶볓퓚샭싛랢햹랽쏦ꎬ떽뗗쫇떥캬뛈ꎬ쮫캬닎폫퇐뺿뗄뗘쟸ꎬ좺쳥뫍닣듎ꎬ틔벰볓잿뛔뛈ꎬ뮹쫇뛠캬뛈뿲볜룼볓쫊뫏ꎿ죧맻쫇뛠캬훷쇷컄뮯좺쳥뗄컄뮯쫊펦퇐뺿살쳡룟컄뮯뛈ꎬ쓇쎴뺿뺹쫇뛠짙룶캬뛈ꎿ헢킩캬뛈뗄훘쫊펦퇐뺿뗄췢늿킧뛈ꆣ쳡룟췢늿킧뛈ꎬ쫗쿈튪탔폐쎻폐닮뇰ꎿ쯦ퟅ풽살풽뛠컄뮯쫊펦뇘탫붫퇐뺿훐뗄틆죫맺삩햹떽웤쯻뷓쫜틆퇐뺿뗄뾪햹ꎬ뛔퇐뺿뷡맻뗄풪럖컶뇘좻쓜릻쏱뗄랢듯맺볒ꎬ죧쒳킩컷얷뫍놱얷맺볒틔벰뛔헢킩컊쳢룸돶늿럖듰낸ꎬ틲듋컄뮯쫊펦뗄죕놾ꎻ춬쪱튲뿉틔붫틆죫뗄짙쫽쏱ퟥ컄뮯좺샭싛뿲볜폐췻퓚늻뻃뗄붫살룼볓쟥컺ꆣ춬쳥삩햹떽삭뚡쏀훞죋뫍뚫퇇죋틔췢ꎬ냼몬떽쪱ꎬ평폚뛠랽쏦쳵볾쿞훆뗄듦퓚ꎬ쿖퓚뮹늻웤쯻죧럇훞쏱ퟥ퓚쓚뗄컄뮯좺쳥ꎻ뮹폐뿉틔쫊틋뗃돶컄뮯쫊펦뛔틆쏱뗄탄샭붡뾵폐듙붫컄뮯쫊펦퇐뺿삩햹떽맺볒헢룶닣듎틔췢ꎬ뷸믲헟ퟨ낭ퟷ폃헢훖듳뛸좫뗄뷡싛ꎬ늢쟒쫂죧얩듥쿲돇쫐뗄틆쏱ꎬ틔벰맺쓚짙쫽쏱ퟥ뗄쪵횤쏷ꎬ헢훖룅삨탔맽잿뗄뷡싛룹놾늻쫊폃틆쏱뗈ꎻ춬쪱훷쇷컄뮯좺쳥뗄컄뮯쫊펦튲늻폚컄뮯뛠퇹탔쿔훸뗄쿖듺컷랽짧믡ꎬ틲듋뻟펦룃뫶쫓ꎬ뇏뺹듓Redfield, Linton뫍쳥뷢쫍쒳룶짙쫽쏱ퟥ컄뮯좺쳥ꎬ퓚뫎훖훷쇷Herskovits뛔컄뮯쫊펦뗄뺭뗤뚨틥뻍뿉틔뾴컄뮯놳뺰쿂ꎬ퓵퇹뷸탐컄뮯쫊펦룼폐킧헢샠돶훷쇷컄뮯좺쳥튲믡쫜떽틆죫좺쳥뗄컄뮯룼뻟헫뛔탔뗄샭싛뿉쓜룼볓쫊뫏쿖듺컷랽뗄펰쿬ꎬ늢쟒탭뛠탄샭톧볒튲틑뺭뾪쪼힢틢짧믡ꎬ헢킩뻟쳥샭싛뗄랢햹ퟮ훕튲붫듙돉룅떽컄뮯쫊펦뛔훷쇷컄뮯뗄펰쿬헢룶랽쏦퇐삨탔뗄컄뮯쫊펦샭싛뗄돶쿖ꆣ [1,35]뺿뗄좱랦ꆣ 퓚솿뇭랢햹랽쏦ꎬ탨튪좷솢쮫캬뛈뫍뛠캬뛈샭싛뿲볜퓚솿뇭릹붨훐뗄뗘캻ꎬ룄뇤틔6 컄뮯쫊펦퇐뺿뛔훐맺뗄틢틥 췹떥캬뛈솿뇭퓚컄뮯쫊펦퇐뺿훐햼훷떼뗘샭싛뗄쳡돶뫍랢햹ퟜ쫇뫍짧믡뗄탨쟳캻뗄ힴ뿶ꆣ쇮죋타캿뗄쫇ꎬ쿖퓚쮫캬뛈뫍뛠솪쾵퓚튻웰뗄ꆣퟮ뾪쪼뗄쪱뫲ꎬ컄뮯쫊펦퇐
-844- 탄샭뿆톧뷸햹 2005쓪 뺿뗄뾪햹훷튪쫇돶폚횳쏱춳훎뗄탨튪ꎬ퇐뺿뻓쏱횮볤듦퓚ퟅ탭뛠컄뮯뫍죏횪뗄닮틬ꎬ튻죧뫎냯훺췁훸죋룼뫃뗘죚죫떽횳쏱헟뗄훷냣쓑폚죚죫쯻쏇쯹떽돇쫐뗄훷쇷컄뮯ꎬ쯻쏇쇷컄뮯훐좥ꆣ떽20쫀볍훐튶틔뫳ꎬ쯦ퟅ맺볊탎돉쇋ퟔ벺뛀쳘뗄컄뮯좺쳥ꆣ쇷뚯죋뿚뗄컄볤틆쏱뎱뗄늻뛏펿쿖ꎬ컄뮯쫊펦놻폃살냯훺뮯쫊펦컊쳢맘쾵떽컒맺뺭볃뗄돖탸랢햹뫍뷢뻶헢킩맺볊틆쏱쯹닺짺뗄쫊펦컊쳢ꆣ퓚컒짧믡뗄컈뚨뫍킳ꎬ쫇뷼쓪살퇐뺿헟맘힢뗄폖맺ꎬ쒿잰톧쫵뷧뛔컄뮯쫊펦뗄퇐뺿ꎬ폈웤쫇튻죈뗣컊쳢ꆣ 뛔컄뮯쫊펦뗄탄샭톧맘힢짐짙ꆣ떫쫇ꎬ쯦ퟅ컒맺짙쫽쏱ퟥ퓚폫몺ퟥ뗄붻췹ꆢ죚뫏맽컒맺췢돶죋풱뫍맺췢살뮪죋풱죋쫽뗄톸쏍돌훐쯹닺짺뗄컄뮯돥믷뫍컄뮯쫊펦컊쳢튲퓶뎤뫍맺쓚쇷뚯죋뿚죋쫽뗄늻뛏퓶볓ꎬ살ퟔ쫇튻룶횵뗃맘힢뗄컊쳢ꆣ퓚룄룯뾪럅잰ꎬ탭늻춬컄뮯믲퇇컄뮯죋풱횮볤뗄쿠뮥쫊펦컊뛠짙쫽쏱ퟥ튻냣뚼틔뻛뻓뗄탎쪽듦퓚ꎬ쯻쏇쳢ꆢ폫컄뮯쫊펦폐맘뗄탄샭붡뾵컊쳢틔벰짧폫몺ퟥ죋쏱횮볤뗄붻쇷뇈뷏폐쿞ꆣ뷼쓪살쯦믡뗄낲뚨폫뫍킳컊쳢뇘붫듙쪹컄뮯쫊펦퇐ퟅ뺭볃뗄랢햹ꎬ탭뛠짙쫽쏱ퟥ죋쏱럗럗떽룷뺿뗃떽컒맺퇐뺿헟뫍좫짧믡뗄벫듳맘힢ꆣ 듳돇쫐쟳톧뫍릤ퟷꎬ쯻쏇퓚헢킩몺ퟥ컄뮯햼쫗쿈쫇퓚좫쟲뮯놳뺰쿂컒맺폫웤쯻맺훷떼뗘캻뗄뗘쟸폶떽뗄쫊펦컊쳢튲룸룶죋볒퓚컄뮯붻췹ꆢ죚뫏뗄맽돌훐쯹닺짺뗄컄뮯뫍짧믡듸살쇋튻킩컊쳢ꆣ춬퇹ꎬ살ퟔ얩듥뗘돥믷뫍컄뮯쫊펦컊쳢ꆣ쒿잰톧헟쏇맘힢뷏뛠쟸뗄듳톧짺죫톧뫳튲쏦쇙ퟅ탭뛠탄샭쫊펦뗄쫇컷랽컄뮯벰웤컄뮯닺욷뛔훐맺훷쇷컄컊쳢ꆣ헢킩컊쳢뚼틽웰쇋짧믡뗄맣랺맘힢ꆣ 뮯뗄펰쿬ꎬ샽죧틔쏀맺뫃삳컫뗄뗧펰ꎬ싳떱쒿잰ꎬ컒맺톧헟퓚컄뮯쫊펦짏쯹ퟶ뗄릤샍뫍뿉뿚뿉샖뗈캪듺뇭뗄컄뮯닺욷뛔훐맺ퟷ뇈뷏폐쿞ꎬ틑폐뗄퇐뺿훷튪벯훐퓚솽룶쇬짧믡뫍컄뮯뗄펰쿬ꆣ떫쫇춬쪱컒쏇튲펦룃듓폲ꎺ튻쫇퓚맺췢뗄훐맺죋ꎬ믲헟뮪틡뗄컄뮯틆쏱뗄컄뮯쫊펦헢룶뷇뛈살뾴컊쳢ꎬ틲캪틆쫊펦ꆣ평폚몣췢폐듳솿뗄훐맺톧헟뗄듦퓚ꎬ쏱좺쳥룼볓죵킡ꎬ룼웈쟐탨튪냯훺ꆣ헢샯훷헢랽쏦뗄퇐뺿뇈뷏뛠ꆣ퓚UMI싛컄쫽뻝뿢훐튪폐솽훖쟩뿶ꎺ튻쫇컒맺뻓쏱믲헟뮪틡퓚웤폃acculturation뫍Chinese볬쯷햪튪쯻맺볒뗄컄뮯쫊펦ꎬ뛾쫇웤쯻맺볒뻓쏱퓚컒ꎨ1950~2005쓪ꎩꎬ뻍뿉틔닩떽356욪싛컄ꆣ맺뗄컄뮯쫊펦ꆣ폈웤쫇쓇킩퓚뮪뗄췢맺죋ꎬ쇭췢뻍쫇맺쓚쒳킩톧헟퇐뺿쇋짙쫽쏱ퟥ좺평폚쯻쏇뗄죋쫽뇈뷏짙ꎬ폯퇔붻쇷랽쏦폖듦쳥퓚몺ퟥ훷떼뗘쟸뗄컄뮯쫊펦ꎬ웤훐ퟮ뛠뗄퓚컊쳢ꎬ뛔쯻쏇뗄컄뮯쫊펦쟩뿶뷸탐퇐뺿틢쫇짧믡톧랽쏦뗄ꆰ몭뮯ꆱ퇐뺿ꎨ퓚짧믡톧샯틥훘듳ꆣ acculturation튻냣랭틫돉ꆰ몭뮯ꆱꎩꆣ헢킩퇐웤듎쫇퓚컒맺죕틦볓쯙뗄돇쫐뮯뷸돌뺿튻냣뫜짙뾼싇떽룶쳥퓚탂컄뮯뮷뺳훐쯹훐ꎬ듳솿뗄얩쏱릤뷸죫돇쫐뫳쏦쇙뗄컄뮯돥닺짺뗄쟩탷쫊펦뫍탄샭붡뾵컊쳢ꆣ쇭췢쯤좻믷폫컄뮯쫊펦컊쳢ꆣ헢킩얩듥췢돶듲릤뗄좺퓚튻킩튻냣탔짧믡뗷닩훐ꎬ쳡돶쇋탭뛠탨튪쳥뻟폐죋뿚훚뛠ꎬ맦쒣엓듳ꎬ쓑폚맜샭뗄쳘틽웰짧믡힢틢뗄쿖쪵컊쳢ꎬ떫뫜짙쓜릻쳡돶뗣ꆣ2004쓪ꎬ컒맺얩듥췢돶듲릤죋풱뎬맽1믹폚뿆톧싛횤뗄뿉닙ퟷ탔붨틩ꎬ튲쎻폐퇐뺿틚4잧췲죋듎ꎬ뻛벯퓚훩붭죽뷇훞ꎬ뎤붭죽헟퓋폃컄뮯쫊펦뗄샭싛살럖컶맽헢킩컊쳢ꆣ뷇훞뗈뺭볃랢듯뗘쟸ꆣ헢킩쇷뚯죋뿚폫떱뗘틲듋ꎬ듓짧믡쿖쪵컊쳢돶랢ꎬ닉폃샭싛첽쯷
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-846- 탄샭뿆톧뷸햹 2005쓪 [23] Chen X, Unger J B, Cruz T B, et al. Smoking Patterns of [30] Gordon-Larsen P, Harris K M, Ward D S, et al. Asian-American youth in California and their relationship Acculturation and overweight-related behaviors among with acculturation. Journal of Adolescent Health, 1999, 24: Hispanic immigrants to the .: the National Longitudinal 321~328 Study of Adolescent Health. Social Science & Medicine, [24] Lv N, Cason K L. Dietary pattern change and acculturation 2003, 57: 2023~2034 of Chinese Americans in Pennsylvania. Journal of the [31] Evenson K R, Sarmiento O L, Ayala G X. Acculturation and American Dietetic Association, 2004, 104: 771~778 physical activity among North Carolina Latina immigrants. [25] Jeltova I, Fish M C, Revenson T A. Risky sexual behaviors Social Science & Medicine, 2004, 59: 2509~2522 in immigrant adolescent girls from the former Soviet Union: [32] Jolicoeur P M, Madden T. The good daughters: Role of natal and host culture. Journal of School Psychology, acculturation and caregiving among Mexican-American 2005, 43: 3~22 women. Journal of Aging Studies, 2002, 16: 107~120 [26] Garcia-Vazquez E. Acculturation and academics: effects of [33] Bourdieu P. Preface. In: A. Sayad (Ed.). The suffering of the acculturation on reading achievement among immigrant. Cambridge, .: Polity Press, 2004. xi~xiv Mexican-American students. The Bilingual Research [34] Kim C, Laroche M, Tomiuk M A. A measure of Journal, 1995, 19(2): 305~315 acculturation for Italian Canadians: Scale development and [27] Kaiser L L, Melgar-Quinonez H R, Lamp C L, et al. construct validation. International Journal of Intercultural Acculturation of Mexican-American mothers influences Relations, 2001, 25: 607~637 child feeding strategies. Journal of the American Dietetic [35] Barrette G, Bourhis R Y, Personnaz M, et al. Acculturation Association, 2001, 101(5): 542~547 orientations of French and North African undergraduates in [28] Sue S. Foreword. In: K. Chun, P. B. Organista, G. Marin Paris. International Journal of Intercultural Relations, 2004, (Eds.), Acculturation: advances in theory, measurement, and 28: 415~438 applied research. Washington DC: American Psychological [36] Jenkins R. Pierre Bourdieu. New York: Routledge, 2002. Association, 2003. xvii~xxi ix~x [29] Yu S M, Huang Z J, Schwalberg R H, et al. Acculturation [37] 룟탻퇯. 늼뗏뛲뗄짧믡샭싛. 짏몣ꎺ춬볃듳톧돶냦짧ꎬand the health and well-being of . immigrant adolescents. 2004. 34 Journal of Adolescent Health, 2003, 33: 479~488 Acculturation Research in Cross-Cultural Psychology 1,21 Yu Wei Zheng Gang1(Institute of psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China) 2(Graduate School of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100039, China) Abstract: Acculturation has become an integral and important part in cross-cultural psychology. Studies of acculturation have increased dramatically in recent years, and new theoretical models emerged constantly, which have had a significant effect on the immigration policies in the western world. This paper introduces the definition of acculturation, and reviews the theoretical development and main research methods in acculturation. Some methodological problems in the current research, and new directions for future research are also discussed. It is proposed that acculturation theory should be applied to internal researches, including the floating peopleꆯs acculturation in big cities and national minoritiesꆯ acculturation. Key words: acculturation, cross-cultural psychology, immigrants, acculturation strategies, theoretical models.
