第2卷 第3期包装学报 年7月Packaging JournalJuly 2010绿色设计的发展及其在日本大阪大学的应用福田知弘（大阪大学可持续能源与环境工程研究生院工程学院，日本大阪565-0871）摘要：在介绍所参与研究项目设计的基础上，探讨了日本绿色设计的进展与应用。探索了生态村的可持续发展生活方式设计及其三维图形处理的应用，展示了市民的参与设计模式与虚拟现实技术在沟通交流上的功能，并希望藉此提供一种独特的绿色设计思路：自下而上，软件先行。关键词：绿色设计；生态村；三维图形处理；虚拟现实中图分类号：X22 文献标志码：A 文章编号：1674-7100(2010)03-0029-04The Current Developments of Green Design in Japan andApplications at Osaka UniversityTomohiro Fukuda（Division of Sustainable Energy and Environmental Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering,Osaka University，S4-623, 2-1, Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871， Japan）Abstract：Based on some real design research projects, the current trend about green design in Japan is introduced. Thesustainable life style is explored with the approaches of 3DCG video demonstrating lifestyle in eco-village. The citizens’participatory design method is introduced with the validity of VR (Virtual Reality) to be an effective communication tool. Theresearch on the developments and application of green design has a tendency not toward a top-down approach but a bottom-up approach, and also not toward a hardware approach but toward a software words：green design; eco-village; 3DCG; VR1Introductnarios “(2050 Japan Low-Carbon Society” scenario team,ion2008)[1]. An environmental performance assessment of build-On 2007,“ 2050 Japan Low-Carbon Society” scenarioings is also carried out using CASBEE (Comprehensive As-team mentioned in its report entitled “Japan Low Carbonsessment System for Building Environment Efficiency) inSociety Scenarios: Feasibility study for 70 % CO2 emissionmany buildings in Japan (JaGBC/JSBC, 2009)[2]. These arereduction by 2050 below 1990 level” that Japan has the tech-significant approaches for Green Design in potential to reduce the emissions of CO2, which is The author’s interests include environmental design,the major greenhouse gas, by 70 % by 2050 from the emissionparticipatory design, development of digital design or com-level in 1990 while satisfying the required amount of energymunication tool using VR, MR and 3DCG, and application ofservices in either of the two possible socioeconomic sce-the system. He has joined domestic/international research收稿日期：2010-04-28作者简介：福田知弘，日本大阪大学可持续能源与环境工程研究生院工程学院副教授，主要从事绿色设计方面的研究工作，作者简介：E-mail：fukuda@
30包装学 报2010年projects. Taking examples from these projects, he would like- Composting of food scraps and garden wasteto show the current trend about green design in Japan.- Using agricultural products from local farms2) Connecting home and nature2Sustainable Lifestyle Design & 3DCG-- Buildings constructed by inhabitantsKobunaki Eco-village- Design of buildings and gardens to promote socialThe increasing concern about global environmental andinteraction and exploit“ microclimate” conditionssocial issues has led to discussion of how architecture, cities,- Storing rainwater for watering plantsand human life should be adapted to move towards realiza-- Participating in village forest preservation activitiestion of a sustainable society which curbs greenhouse gas3) Green village landscapeemissions. Each human’s lifestyle has direct environmental- Guidelines for architectural design and gardeningand social impacts. Therefore, an important issue is that a- Participatory design to develop sense of involvementsustainable lifestyle should be designed and disseminated to- Village pedestrian and bicycle pathsthe world. As a method of dissemination, 3DCG (3-D computer4) Partnering with universities and non-profit organiza-graphics) which is a powerful and easy to understand mediumtions (NPO)is expected to be particularly effective (Sasada, 1999)[3]. About- Inviting world-class researchersthis theme, sustainable lifestyle design and 3DCG, the author- Communication between inhabitants and researchersattempted some projects such as Kobunaki Eco-village project- Workshops on sustainable agriculture(Fukuda, 2006; Fukuda, 2008)[4-5] video: lifestyle in an eco-village, new LRT (Light Rail Transit)project (Kawaguchi, 2009)[6] and Next Gene 21+ in TaiwanTo show what life in an eco-village would be like, we(Next Gene 21+, 2008)[7]. The Kobunaki Eco-village increated a short video using 3DCG (7 minutes 20 seconds,Omihachiman-city, Japan is focused in this HDV 720 p) after the eco-life design project eco-villagecomplete. First, the basic scenario is explained briefly. ThenThe Kobunaki Eco-village project in Omihachiman-city,the eco-village site itself is approached, showing an environ-Shiga, Japan represents an opportunity to explore what indi-mental sustainable-type residence, vegetables being har-viduals in a community can do to realize a sustainable societyvested and material circulation. At the community center, in-through their lifestyles. The eco-village concept is not justternational researchers and inhabitants discuss environmen-for special people in a unique place, but for wide applicationtal issues. Residents are seen enjoying the four seasons in athroughout Japan and the world. The author has been in-microclimate-based landscape design. At night, they relax andvolved with the project since 2004, studying progressiveenjoy community activities. Narration and captions were keptapproaches, making design proposals and 3-D simulations,to a minimum. For example, the design of a home and microcli-and so on, as well as discussing issues with many people inmates is represented visually, keeping in mind that, althoughvarious and illustrated explanations may help the audience -lifestyle designunderstand the concepts, to move them to take action. It isWhat would an ecologically-sound lifestyle look like?also important for them to feel a sense of satisfaction and beOf course, the answer depends on where and how you like tomotivated to action. Mr. Kentaro Sato (A Japanese composerlive. To explore this question, we designed an example of anunder activity in the United States) composed the original“eco-life” and showed what it would be like in a short , titled A Day in the hope that the video will stimulate people to discuss andA questionnaire was distributed to viewers after a screen-consider what living in such a world would mean for of the video, and the results indicated that they had notKey categories and examples of the eco-life we designed in-only acquired an understanding of the project but were alsoclude the following:supportive of it. In order for humanity to solve global envi-1) Connecting dining table and food sourceronmental problems, each person needs to live an environ-- A vegetable garden in each housement-friendly life. We believe that this short video can be- Meals made using vegetables from a household gardeneffective in showing people what this might look like.
第3期福田知弘 绿色设计的发展及其在日本大阪大学的应用31Kobunaki Eco-village of the first stage was completed inmembers took a lead role in furthering the plan, took respon-October for maintenance, and planned events. There were fourmain steps in the design process of the patio. First, a de-3Downtown Renovation by Citizensigner and design team created design alternatives. Then,Participation for Compact City-Patio Designthe patio council studied the alternatives. The alternativeswere re-created based on the patio council’s study. Then,In order to reproduce a downtown area which has prob-administrators, such as the government and the police, stud-lems of people and businesses leaving the city centre, andied the alternatives. Design publicity was carried out from theaging of society, an approach was developed in which localstage where the consensus-building of the alternatives wasresidents and storekeepers participate in the renovation pro-carried out to the last stage. The process continued withcess positively themselves, sending a continuous the downtown area is energetic and sustainable. For this, application for continuous design studythere has been an increasing need for effective use of openA total of 22 study meetings were held from May, 2005street space. For example, social experiments in which cafesto October, 2006. In these, VR was updated and utilized aextend into the street space temporarily have been increasingtotal of 13 times. In the VR use, reaching an exact understand-rapidly since 2003. To improve the charm of public spaces,ing of space according to the content of the space study, andthere are two reasons that citizens’ participation in municipallively discussion on the design are mentioned. The latter isaffairs is indispensable (Project for Public Spaces, 2000). Onedescribed in more detail. From the initial stage of a designreason is that local residents have many ideas which canprocess, VR of rough accuracy was shown, like a study with a design. Another reason is that local residentsIn the initial stages, there were few opinions from the patiocontinue to have an interest in the state of their town whencouncil members because it was the first time for council mem-they participate positively in community development of anbers who were non-professional to see VR. However, afterarea. Such participation produces the attractive idea leadingthree months of VR use, more opinions were expressed be-to the design described council members were familiar with taking forward space study with a citizens’ design method, the validity of VR (Virtual Reality)Through the citizen participatory design process, thehas already been shown to be an effective communicationpatio was completed in August 2007. In Japan, it is still verytool among stakeholders. The VR system is intuitive and easyrare to set up parasols permanently and lawfully on a road understand interactively. About this theme, downtownOver a period of one year since completion of construction,renovation by citizen participation using VR, the author at-the patio council members have organized more than 10 some projects such as a patio design (Fukuda, 2009),A presentation of the satisfactory solution for each position,a historical shopping street (Fukuda, 2007) and a shoppingcontinuous tenacious deliberations, and an intelligible com-street in an old town. The Patio design in Takamatsu-city,munication tool were required in order to realize this. ThisJapan is focused in this example is realizable with the continuous design designand tenacious deliberations using small patio design is a citizen participatory real de-sign project, which is a road lot, and surrounded by buildings4Conclusionin downtown Takamatsu-city, Japan. Originally, there werebenches, signs, electric poles, garbage cans, etc. all over theThis paper described some projects the author droveopen space in disorder. Moreover, multiple-purpose and con-forward in Japan for pointing out the current trend aboutstant use of the area was not possible. Therefore, the designgreen design. These contents have a tendency not toward aconcept removed the existing unnecessary elements. In thistop-down approach but a bottom-up approach, and alsoproject, three shopping malls and a residents’ associationnot toward a hardware approach but toward a softwareestablished the patio council, and this council furthered as the project executor. Moreover, the patio council
32包装学 报2010年References：Design Research in Asia (CAADRIA2008). 2008：14-21.[6]Kawaguchi T，Nishimura Y，Maruhashi A，et al. A Studyof the Virtual Reality Simulation System for LRT Projects[1]“2050 Japan Low-Carbon Society” Scenario Team. 2008,Japan Scenarios and Actions towards Lowtowards Sustainable City[C]//Proceedings of the 14th-Carbon SocietiesInternational Conference on Computer Aided Architectural(LCSs)[EB/OL]. [2010-05-10]. . jp/20070215pDesign Research in Asia (CAADRIA2009). 2009： English_080715. pd[7]Next Gene 21+. GENE 21 Architecture International Project[/ [2010-05-10]. .[2]JaGBC (Japan GreenBuild Council) / JSBC (Japan SustainableBuilding[8]Fukuda T，Nagahama R. Consideration of Historical City Consortium). 2009, Welcome to CASBEE website!![/EB/OL]. [2010-05-10]. http://www. Activation Design Study Method by VR Use: Case Studyengon Matsue City[C]//DACH2007 . 2007： T. Compu[9]Kathleen Madden. Project for Public Spaces How to Turn ater Graphics and Design[C]// Proceedings ofthe 4th International Conference on CompuPlace Around: A Handbook for Creating Successful Publicter AidedASpaces[M]. New Yorw：Project for Public Spaces Inc., Design Research in Asia (CAADRIA99).Shanghai：[10]Fukuda T，Kaga A，Izumi H，et al. 2009, Citizen[s. l.]. 1999：21-29.[4]FukudaParticipatory Design Method using VR and a Blog as a Media T. Kobunaki Ecovillage[J]. Modern Decoration, 2006,5： the Process[J]. International Journal of ArchitecturalComputing, 2009，7(2)：217-233.[5]Fukuda T，Kaga A，Takada Y. 2008, Development andEvaluation of a Representation Method of 3DCG Pre-renderingAnimation for Environmental Design[C]// Proceedings of The13th International Conference on Computer Aided Architectural（责任编辑：王晓宇）～～～～～～～～～～～～～～～～～～～～～～～～～～～～～～～～～～～～～～～～～～～～～～～～“绿色之辨——2010年绿色设计国际学术研讨会”在湖南工业大学隆重举行5月21日～23日，由湖南工业大学和中国《装饰》杂志社联合举办的“绿色之辨——2010年绿色设计国际学术研讨会”在湖南工业大学隆重召开。22日上午，湖南工业大学校长王汉青教授、《装饰》杂志主编方晓风教授等人先后在开幕式上致辞，来自设计领域的130多名海内外知名学者、专家汇聚一堂，共同探讨了“绿色设计”这一核心主题。开幕式后，主办方还举办了多场围绕“绿色设计”的主题报告会，并分组讨论了建筑中的环境因素、视觉艺术与科学创新模式、经济与设计的互动关系等问题。与会专家、学者在讨论时强调了“绿色设计”对生态环境的良性循环和可持续发展具有重要意义，并从人性的角度分析了实现“绿色设计”的关键在于消费模式和消费观念的转变，而消费模式和消费观念的转变要以高等教育为支撑。会议期间，与会代表还在制定更完善的法规、建设监控体系、打造设计媒体等方面达成了共识。 （摘自湖南工业大学校内新闻网）
