OverviewOne of the earlier professional practitioners in the field of system architecture Steven H.
Spewak in 1998 defined Enterprise Architecture Planning (EAP) as "the process of defining
architectures for the use of information in support of the business and the plan for implementing
those architectures." Spewak’s approach to EAP is similar to that taken by DOE in that the
business mission is the primary driver. That is followed by the data required to satisfy the mission,
followed by the applications that are built using that data, and finally by the technology to
implement the applications.[1]
This hierarchy of activity is represented in the figure above, in which the layers are implemented
in order, from top to bottom. Based on the Business Systems Planning (BSP) approach developed
by John Zachman, EAP takes a data-centric approach to architecture planning to provide data
quality, access to data, adaptability to changing requirements, data interoperability and sharing,
and cost containment. This view counters the more traditional view that applications should be
defined before data needs are determined or provided for.[1]
[edit] EAP topics[edit] Zachman frameworkEAP defines the blueprint for subsequent design and
implementation and it places the planning/defining stages into a framework. It does not explain
how to define the top two rows of the Zachman Framework in detail but for the sake of the
planning exercise, abbreviates the analysis. The Zachman Framework provides the broad context
for the description of the architecture layers, while EAP focuses on planning and managing the
process of establishing the business alignment of the architectures.[2]
EAP is planning that focuses on the development of matrixes for comparing and analyzing data,
applications, and technology. Most important, EAP produces an implementation plan. Within the
Federal Enterprise Architecture, EAP will be completed segment enterprise by segment enterprise.
The results of these efforts may be of Governmentwide value; therefore, as each segment
completes EAP, the results will be published on the ArchitecturePlus web site.[2]
[edit] EAP componentsEnterprise Architecture Planning model consists of four levels:
Layer 1 - getting started : This layer leads to producing an EAP workplan and stresses the
necessity of high-level management commitment to support and resource the subsequent six
components (or steps) of the process. It consists of Planning Initiation, which covers in general,
decisions on which methodology to use, who should be involved, what other support is required,
and what toolset will be used.[2]
Layer 2 - where we are today : This layer provides a baseline for defining the eventual architecture
and the long-range migration plan. It consists of:[2]
Business process modeling, the compilation of a knowledge base about the business functions and
the information used in conducting and supporting the various business processes, and
Current Systems and Technology, the definition of current application systems and supporting
technology platforms.
Layer 3 - the vision of where we want to be : The arrows delineate the basic definition process
flow: data architecture, applications architecture, and technology architecture. It consists of:[2]
Data Architecture - Definition of the major kinds of data needed to support the business.
Applications Architecture - Definition of the major kinds of applications needed to manage that
data and support the business functions.
Technology Architecture - Definition of the technology platforms needed to support the
applications that manage the data and support the business functions.
Layer 4 - how we plan to get there : This consists of the Implementation / Migration Plans -
Definition of the sequence for implementing applications, a schedule for implementation, a
cost/benefit analysis, and a clear path for migration.[2]
[edit] EAP methodologyThe Enterprise Architecture Planning (EAP) methodology is beneficial to
understanding the further definition of the Federal Enterprise Architecture Framework at level IV.
EAP is a how to approach for creating the top two rows of the Zachman Framework, Planner and
Owner. The design of systems begins in the third row, outside the scope of EAP.[2]
EAP focuses on defining what data, applications, and technology architectures are appropriate for
and support the overall enterprise. Exhibit 6 shows the seven components (or steps) of EAP for
defining these architectures and the related migration plan. The seven components are in the shape
of a wedding cake, with each layer representing a different focus of each major task (or step).[2]
[edit] ApplicationsSpewak approach to Federal Enterprise Architecture has helped organizations
with modeling, business strategy planning, process improvement, data warehousing, and various
support systems designs, data administration standards, object-oriented and information
engineering methodologies, and project management.[2]
