ֻ30जֻ1௹, ॓ ࿐2009୍1ᄅߌ ENVIRONMENTALSCIENCEJan.,2009ԙသؓଇمඣԩᇏଇಙ֥႕ཙᇫޠม,໓ན*,ߛ༩(ౢն࿐ߌ॓࿐ა۽ӱ༢,Кࣘ 100084)ᅋေ:ଇݖੲ൞၂ᇕིۚඣԩඌ,Їওඣԩᇏ֥ଇ-ളّႋఖ(membranebioreactor,MBR)ބᆌؓؽࠩളԩԛඣ(ളӁᄜളඣ)aֹіඣ(ളӁႂႨඣ)֥ଇݖੲ۽ၜ֩,ఃᇏଇಙ൞ᇅჿଇ۽ၜႋႨ֥၂۱ᇶေ໙ี.ԙသऎႵ఼သ߄ྟ,ᄝඣԩഈ֤֞ਔܼ֥ٗႋႨ.୍࣍ࠫট,ᆌؓԙသ-ଇݖੲቆކ۽ၜ֥࣮ᆞэ֤ᄀটᄀ؟,ၹՎЧ໓ؓᆃུ࣮ࣉྛਔ༢ሸඍაٳ༅.ᄝMBRቆކԙသ॥ᇅଇಙٚ૫֥࣮ᇏ,ଢభࢲંཌྷؓࢠഒ.ॖၛ๙ݖؓMBRࣉඣყԙသ߄ࠇᆀࡆൡਈԙသ֞MBRࠁކ၁ᆃ2ᇕٚൔটࡨMBRଇಙ.ᄝᆌؓັಙඣ֥ԙသ-ଇݖੲቆކ۽ၜᇏ,۴ऌԙသ֥ۿିބࢲܒྙൔᇶေٳູ3ᇕ,ٳљ൞ಙଇԙသౢ༡aٳൔԙသ-ଇ۽ၜބ၂ุൔԙသ-ଇ۽ၜ.धն҆ٳБ֡ಪູԙသॖၛႵֹི॥ᇅଇಙ֥ؿᅚ,္Ⴕഒඔࡆԙသުଇಙࡆख֥౦ঃ.ଢభ,ԙသ߄႕ཙଇಙࠏᇅ֥࣮ᇶေࠢᇏᄝႵࠏٚ૫,۴ऌჰඣඣᇉބ۽ၜࢲܒҕඔ֥֩҂,॒৬aັളބࠏᇉ္ᄝᆃ۱ݖӱᇏఏሢཌྷႋ֥ቔႨ.ਸ਼ຓ,ᄝఘࣂູᆸ֥࣮ᇏ,ߎಌكؓႿԙသࡆٚൔބٳٚൔ֥၂ޙਈބбࢠѓሙ.ቔᆀࡹၰႋھࡆ఼ؓ၂ุൔԙသ-ଇቆކ۽ၜ֥࣮,ѩေᇿၩԙသࡆ֥۽ၜࣜ࠶ྟ.ܱՍ:ඣԩ;ԙသ;ଇݖੲ;ଇಙᇏٳোݼ:X70311 ໓ངѓ്:A ໓ᅣщݼ:0250-3301(2009)01-0302-11EffectofOzoneonMembraneFoulinginWaterandWastewaterTreatment:aResearchReviewZHUHong-tao,WENXiang-hua,HUANGXia(DepartmentofEnvironmentalScienceandEngineering,TsinghuaUniversity,Beijing100084,China)Abstract:Asahighefficientwaterandwastewatertreatmenttechnology,membranefiltrationhasbeenmainlyusedinwastewatertreatmentasmembranebioreactor,inreclaimingsecondaryeffluent,treatingsurfacewaterandpotablewater,,-membranefiltrationcanbedividedintothreeclassesintermsofthefunctionofozoneandthesystemconfiguration:¹cleaningthefouledmembranewithozone;ºseparateozone-membranefiltrationprocess;»,,,however,particulatesubstances,microbialandinorganicsubstancesmayalsobeaffectedandthenplayrolesinmembranefouling,,-membraneprocess,:waterandwastewatertreatment;ozone;membranefiltration;membranefouling ԙသᄝӈႨ֥ඣԩသ߄࠴ᇏ൞သ߄ି৯ቋ఼ߌࡆӮّႋࠏᇅ:൮༵ԙသႵࠏٳሰᇏ֥҂Ў֥၂ᇕ,ఃသ߄ߎჰູ໊2107V,ࣇՑႿF2,ննބյष,ѩࢲކᄝ؎ਚ֥චഈ,ളӮԙသ߄,ۚႿ੯ބݖသ߄֥သ߄ߎჰ໊1136Vބ1128҂໗ק֥ԙသ߄षߌྙӮਆྟሰ,ਆྟሰ൞V.ԙသᄝඣཌྷಷ၁ᇏّ֥ႋٳູᆰࢤّႋބࡗࢤ҂໗ק֥,ॖၛᄝ҂֥ಷ၁่ࡱ༯ളӮఃԙသّႋ.ᆰࢤّႋٳູသ߄-ߎჰّႋaߌࡆӮّႋބ౼սّႋ.ԙသაႵࠏބࠏ֥ᆰࢤသ߄-൬۠ರ௹:2008-01-09;ྩרರ௹:2008-03-20ߎჰّႋᄝधն؟ඔ౦ঃ༯൞သՖԙသٳሰሇ၍֞ࠎࣁཛଢ:॓҆ݓ࠽॓ކቔ࠹߃ཛଢ(2007DFA91520);ݓࡅሱಖ॓࿐ࠎࣁᇗնݓ࠽ކቔཛଢ(20721140019)ఃᇉ.ᄝა༖๑োႵࠏٳሰّ֥ႋᇏ,ԙသॖቔᆀࡥࢺ:ᇫޠม(1981~),ଳ,Ѱൖ࣮ള,ᇶေ࣮ٚཟູଇمඣၛაఃؿള҂ো֥ࡆӮّႋ,ѩ࿖ԩ,E-mail:zhuht03@*๙৳༢ದ,E-mail:xhwen@
1௹ᇫޠม֩:ԙသؓଇمඣԩᇏଇಙ֥႕ཙ303߄aݖသ߄a᳆ූࠇᆀ಄֩.ᄝ౼սّႋᇏ,໗ק,൞ଢభࡎ۬υ.ऊ੯ၙ༎(PVC)aऊொڗٙཐቂ߄ކഈ֥ނ໊ᇂФԙသ۾ࠌުྙӮ౼սၙ༖(PVDF)ބऊບသࠎၙ༖(PVA)߶Фߏતသ߄,Ӂ.ԙသᄝඣཌྷಷ၁ᇏ֥ࡗࢤّႋᇶေ൞ᆷԙသӉൈࡗႨު҂໗ק,ࡎ۬ཌྷؓࢠьၒ[13].֒ಖ,෮Ӂള֥ऎႵ۷ّۚႋࠃྟ֥#OHაඣಷ၁ᇏᇉ๙ݖؓଇҋਘᇅᄯ۽ၜ֥ڿࣉ္ॖၛႵֹིڿః෮ؿളّ֥ႋ.ਸ਼ຓ,ԙသသ߄ّႋᆭު֥ളӮ൞ॆԙသ֥ି৯,бೂิۚPVDFଇҋਘ֥ࢲࣖ؇ࣼသగ,෮ၛԙသ൞ི֥ۚaؽՑಙ֥သ߄࠴[1,2].ॖၛႵིิۚఃॆԙသ֥ି৯,ھোଇԛඣᇏԙသఃᄝඣԩᇏ֥ႋႨᇶေࠎႿᆃᇕ఼သ߄ྟބؽ֥୩؇ॖၛղ֞1]2mgP[1L.Ցಙ֥ห.ྟଇݖੲ൞ቋ࣍30୍টؿᅚఏট֥၂ᇕིۚඣ2 ԙသؓଇ-ളّႋఖᇏଇಙ֥႕ཙԩඌ,ॖၛႵֹིٳಀԢඣބඣᇏ֥ັള211 ଇಙaࠏ॒৬ބႵࠏᇉ,֩ѩऎႵԩིݔ໗קଇ-ളّႋఖᇏ֥ଇಙ൞ᆷࠁކ၁ᇏི֥ۚaᅝֹ૫ࠒཬaࢫസཨ࠴ࡆਈaၞႿൌགྷሱୃ࿀ุaࢋุ৬ሰaಷᇉႵࠏࠇࠏো,ႮႿა߄Ҡቔ֩Ⴊׄ[3,4].ଇݖੲ۽ၜ֥ቋᇔଢѓ൞ေൌଇթᄝ߄࿐ཌྷቔႨࠇࠏྀቔႨطႄఏ֥ᄝଇགྷቋ֮ିݻ༯֥ۚଇ๙ਈ[5],ၹՎೂޅ॥ᇅඣԩ૫ഈ֥Ӧࠒაࠒ,ࠇႮႿᄝଇ।ଽ་ڸᄯӮଇ।ଇ۽ၜ֥ଇಙ໙ีࣼӮູھਵთଽ֥࣮ᇗׄ,ࣥэཬࠇೖ,ඣ๙ݖଇ֥ቅ৯ᄹࡆ,ݖੲྟି༯ఃᇏ,০Ⴈԙသ॥ᇅଇಙ္൞ఃᇏ၂۱ྍ֥࣮ࢆ,Ֆط֝ᇁଇ๙ਈაٳหྟ֥҂ॖэ߄གྷའ.ਵთ,ଢభᄝऎุ֥۽ၜྙൔބቔႨࠏᇅٚ૫ഉଇಙ໙ี၂ᆰ൞MBRਵთ֥࣮ಣׄ,ሹ֥ট၂֥ࢲંބປᆜ֥ંඍ.ඪ,ః॥ᇅٚمᇶေຶಡ3۱ٚ૫षᅚ࣮:¹ଇҋЧ໓ࢺകਔԙသᄝ҂ඣԩݖӱᇏაଇݖੲਘაଇቆࡱࢲܒ֥षؿ;ºّႋఖᄎྛ่ࡱ֥Ⴊ߄;۽ၜ֥৳ކႋႨ(҂Їওଇݖੲުࡆԙသ,ၛ࣪߄»ࠃྟୃࠁކ၁ྟᇉ֥ט॥[14].ఃᇏ,ࠃྟୃඣᇉູଢ֥֥ቆކႋႨ),ѩᇶေؓԙသ႕ཙଇಙࠁކ၁ྟᇉؓႿଇಙ֥႕ཙޓն,ᆃ൞ၹູა௴֥ࠏᇅቓਔሸඍބٳ༅.๙ࠃྟୃمཌྷб,MBRႮႿؓࠃྟୃ֥ۚࢩੱ֤ࠃྟୃ୩؇ննิ.ۚၹՎ,ࠃྟୃࠁކ1 ԙသ-ଇݖੲቆކ۽ၜᇏଇҋਘ֥࿊ᄴ၁ྟᇉٚ૫֥࣮ؓႿ॥ᇅMBRଇಙऎႵᇗေӮۿႋႨԙသ-ଇݖੲቆކ۽ၜ֥భิ൞сྶ֥ၩၬ.࿊ᄴିܔӉൈࡗର൳ԙသ֥ଇҋਘ.აႵࠏଇཌྷб,ऌ໓ངБ֡,ᄝࠃྟୃࠁކ၁֥۲ཛྟᇉࠇࠏଇࠫެऎႵປಆॆԙသသ߄֥ି৯,ၹՎࠏᆀቆӮᇏ,ୃᇏ࿇ڜ॒৬୩؇(suspendedsolids,ଇᇏӈ֥۲ᇕศՌଇބࣁඋଇनॖၛႋႨᄝԙသ[15]SS)a࿀ุ॒৬৬ࣥ[16]aഈౢ၁ᇏ֥ࢋุᇉބັ-ଇݖੲቆކ۽ၜᇏ,ᄝ҂໓ངБ֡ᇏໃႵଇളІຓ؟ऊ(extra-cellularpolysubstance,ഄ౦ঃ֥Бۡ[6~10].ԢՎᆭຓ,ෙಖࠏଇཌྷбႿႵE[15,17~19]PS)ؓႿັੲMBRᇏ֥ࠃྟୃݖੲྟିࠏଇߎऎႵରۚ໑ۚaରႵࠏಷ࠴aରූࡡaॆັఏᇶေथקቔႨ.ളോaࠏ఼ྀ؇ݺ֩Ⴊׄ,൞ࠏଇ္Ⴕ၂ུ212 ࡆԙသؓMBRᇏଇಙ֥႕ཙᇅჿఃႋႨ֥ಌׄ,Їওֆ໊ಸࠒଽႵིݖੲ૫ࠒൡ؇֥ԙသ߄ିܔڿୃྟᇉ,ՖطॖିࣉཬaᇅᄯӮЧۚaିਈݻۚ֩.ၹՎ,ԙသ߄۽ၜა၂҄႕ཙ֞MBRᇏ֥ଇಙ.He֩[20]ࡼMBRᇏ֥Ⴕࠏଇݖੲ۽ၜ৳ކႋႨ္֥࣮ᄀটᄀ؟.ࠃྟୃԎ֞৫֥ԙသࢤԨّႋಸఖᇏࣉྛԙသؓႿႵࠏᇏॢ༸ົଇটඪ,ൌဒࢲݔᆣૼ҂ّႋ,ࠃྟୃMLSS୩؇ູ5260mgPL,ԙသࡆҋਘؓԙသ֥ॆྟնཬ၇Ցູ:PTFE(ऊඹڗၙਈაSS֥ᇉਈбູ0116,ಖުοᅶ҂ੀਈ(აࣉ༖)aPVDF(ऊொڗၙ༖)aETFE(ၙ༖-ඹڗၙ༖܋ऊඣੀਈ֥бੱٳљູ1%a015%ބ1%)ࡼԙသ߄ު)ุaPE(ऊၙ༖)aPVF(ऊڗၙ༖),ھࢲݔ֤֞ਔਈ֥ୃ߭ੀೆMBRᇶّႋఖ,ൌဒࢲݔؿགྷ,ԙသሰ߄࿐࠹ෘ֥ᆦӻ[11],ॆԙသྟିቋ఼֥PTFE߄ିܔ՜ࣉࠃྟୃᇏັള༥І֥ٳࢳ.ԙသ္թᄝ၂ׄಌݭ,ၹູඋႿൿඣྟଇ,і૫࣏؇ߊਔ༥Іу,Іଽᇉੀԛ,ၹՎಷࢳྟႵࠏ֥ࢠҵ,ඣ֥ࢤԨ࢘ჿູ[12]112b.ԢਔPTFEຓ,ಆڗਈෛሢԙသ߄ൈࡗ֥Ӊطᄹࡆ.ؓႿୃটඪ,පບသ๑(perfluoralkoxy,PFA)ބϹ܄ඳ֥Kalrezҋሑऩளᅮॖၛ֤֞Ⴕི֥॥ᇅ,ୃ֥SVIᆷඔෛਘ္ऎႵޓ఼֥ॆသ߄ି৯,ޓӉൈࡗުಯಖЌӻሢԙသൈࡗ֥Ӊطࢆ.֮
304ߌ ॓ ࿐30जԙသؓ༥ऩಷІު෮֝ᇁ֥նٳሰႵࠏ୩؇ԛඣটඪ,ෙಖૌ֥ඣᇉॖି߶ၹູࣉඣඣᇉaყശ,ۚॖିؓଇಙ֥॥ᇅӁള҂০႕ཙ.ࣁਪԩ۽ၜၛࠣؽࠩԩ۽ၜ֥҂طႵ෮҂,֩[21]֥࣮ࢲݔіૼ,ᄝԙသࡆਈ҂ൈ,ఃؓૌ္Ⴕ܋.ׄࠃྟୃࠁކ၁֥ቔႨ္҂:¹֒ԙသࡆਈ֮ؽࠩളԩԛඣᇏ෮ݣಷࢳྟႵࠏᇕো٤Ⴟ815mgPLൈ,࿇ڜܥุ୩؇҂ؿളૼཁэ߄,൞ӈپڶ,Їও۲ᇕڪᆲූa֑Ϣᇉaฏඣ߄ކaEPSࡨഒ,ഈౢ၁ᇏࢋุႵࠏ୩؇ັഈശ,ᄝھEDCsaPPCPsaౢࢱ࠴aܻ࠴a೪ԋ࠴aၙaଡᇉࢨ؍ࠁކ၁ଇݖੲྟ֤֞ڿ;º֒ԙသࡆਈᄝaບࠎЦߜූ(ABS)֩,ۀওఏট,ڪᆲූa֑Ϣ815mgPLބ600mgPL֥ٓຶൈ,ԙသၘࣜषؓ༥ऩᇉބฏඣ߄ކ൞ܒӮఃႵࠏ֥ቋᇗေ֥նোఏ֞ಷІ֥ቔႨ,ࠁކ၁࿇ڜܥุ୩؇षࢆ,֮Іᇉ.ᄝؽࠩളԩݖӱᇏ,ັളᄝളӉބྍӧଽնٳሰႵࠏᇉ֥٢,֝ᇁࠁކ၁ᇏEPSোරս֥྆ݖӱᇏ߶Ӂളնਈ֥ಷࢳྟႵࠏᇉᇉބࢋุႵࠏᇉݣਈ֥նږഈശ,ࡆᇗਔଇ(SMP),ᆃུಷࢳྟႵࠏᇏ֥धն҆ٳمᄝಙ֥౦ঃ;»֒ԙသࡆਈۚႿ600mgPLൈ,༥ІࢳӳౢӽࠇᆀӦӽᇏಀԢ,ၹՎؽࠩളԩԛඣ,ุෙಖMLSS֥ࢆ֤֮ଇݖੲྟି֤֞ڿ,ᇏݣႵնਈ֥Їও֥ᇉᇕোႵ:ڪᆲූ൞ԙသࡆٮႨശۚ,ѩ೪ඵ༥ऩིݔૼཁ,ؓބڶූa؟บa֑ϢᇉaނූaႵࠏූaμࠎූaॆളඣ֥ളԩིݔॖି߶Ⴕ҂০֥႕ཙ.aোܥԿaІຓઽaݣํ༥Іa༥Іࢲܒၛࠣିਈս֒MBRࣉඣֹູіඣൈ,ؓࣉඣࣉྛყԙသ߄྆ݖӱᇏ֥Ӂ[23].၂ϮটࢃSMPႮਆնোᇉቆෙಖؓTOCᆴ֩ૼཁ႕ཙ,ᄹࡆਔॖള߄Ӯ:၂նোᇉᄝ260nmԩႵ་൬ڂ;ਸ਼၂նোႵࠏฏ(assimilableorganiccarbon,AOC)֥ݣਈ,ࢲݔᇉᄝ260nmԩᄵીႵ་൬ڂ.ఃᇏ,ᄝ260nmԩႵॖၛૼཁֹࡨଇ๙ਈ֥කࡨѩӉଇౢ༡෮ླေ་൬ڂ֥ᇉᇶေູέঘѵ؟ऊบ,ॖၛᇯ҄Фള֥ൈࡗࡗۯ[22].ၹູMBRᇏଇಙᇶေႮୃࠁࢆࢳ;طᄝ260nmԩીႵ་൬ڂ֥ᇉᄵᇶေູކ၁ྟᇉथק,ၹՎ,ࣉඣᇏAOC֥ݣਈؓMBRࠃڪᆲූোᇉ,҂ၞФളࢆࢳ[24].ਸ਼ຓ,254nmԩྟୃࠁކ၁֥ྟᇉऎႵ၂ק႕ཙ,ॖିAOCݣਈ֥་൬(UV254)ॖၛुቔᄜളඣᇏၛোරڪᆲූྙᄀۚᄀႵ০Ⴟଇಙ֥॥ᇅ.ൔթᄝ֥Ⴕࠏݣਈ֥၂۱ՙᆷൕ[25].UV254֥ᆴሸކট,ुॖၛ๙ݖؓࣉඣყԙသ߄ބᆰࢤཟ၂Ϯᄝ011~012cm-1ᆭࡗ[26],္Ⴕۚղ014~015ࠃྟୃࠁކ၁ᇏࡆ၂ק࠴ਈ֥ԙသ֩2ᇕٚൔcm-1֥౦ঃ[27].ၛXAD8P4ඎᆫູٳোٚم֥ࢲݔটࡨMBR֥ଇಙ.భᆀᇶေ൞๙ݖิۚࣉඣᇏཁൕ,ᄝႵࠏ֥ቆӮᇏ,ඣྟႵࠏնჿᅝAOCݣਈটڿࠁކ၁ྟᇉ,ࣉطࡨଇಙ.ު40%~5217%,ᇏྟބൿඣྟႵࠏᅝ֞ਔჿᆀ֥ࠏႵ2ׄ,၂൞ԙသသ߄ୃ࿀ุі૫҆ٳ60%[28,29].ؽࠩԛඣᇏಷࢳྟႵࠏᇉ֥ཌྷؓٳሰ֥EPSުႄఏ၂༢ਙэ߄,֤ୃᇗྍ࿀ୠު࿀ᇉਈٳ္҃൞࣮Ⴕࠏؓଇಙ႕ཙ֥၂۱ᇗေุ৬ࣥᄹն,ൈԙသ္ࢆ֮ਔࠁކ၁֥ᅔ؇;ؽ൞ၹ.ၛCODູᆷѓ֥ҩקࢲݔіૼ,ളԩԛۚ࠴ਈԙသॖࢆ֮ࠁކ၁MLSSᆴ,֤ݖੲྟିඣᇏཌྷؓٳሰᇉਈ>1800֥ᅝሹඔ50%ၛഈ[30,31];ڿ.ਸ਼ຓ,ಒקކ֥ԙသࡆਈ൞ႋႨھඌ֥ၛTOCູᆷѓ֥ҩקࢲݔ൞ཌྷؓٳሰᇉਈ>10000ܱ,ׄቋࡄԙသࡆਈॖၛ֤ಷ၁ᄝݖੲྟିa֥Ⴕࠏᇉᅝሹඔ֥30%~64%[32];ط္Ⴕ֥ಪູളԩིݔ֩2۱ٚ૫नႵࢠݺڿ.ؽࠩളԛඣ֥ཌྷؓٳሰᇉਈٳ҃ऎႵචڂหᆘ,ࠧधն҆ٳᇉཌྷؓٳሰᇉਈ<1000ࠇᆀ3 ԙသؓؽࠩളԩԛඣބֹіඣݖੲᇏଇ[33]ಙ֥႕ཙ>100000;၂Ϯڪᆲᇉোᇉཌྷؓٳሰᇉਈٓຶᄝ1000~5000ᆭࡗ[34].311 ؽࠩളԩԛඣބֹіඣ֥ඣᇉหׄؽࠩԩԛඣᇏ,࿇ڜ॒৬֥୩؇ᄝ3~20ෛሢൗࢸ֎ඣሧჷ܂ႋྙ൝֥ರࣅᅦ,ؓmgPLᆭࡗ[26,35],ऎุ֥ඔᆴॖି౼थႿࣉඣඣᇉa۽ඣࣉྛᄜള߭Ⴈ֥ླэ֤ᄀটᄀ௧.్ؓඣԩၜোaᄎྛҕඔ֩.ᄝ॒৬৬ࣥٳ҃ٚ૫,ն҆ٳӌնਈ֥ؽࠩളԩԛඣࣉྛധ؇ԩॖၛࠆඣӌؽࠩԛඣ֥ն؟ඔ॒৬৬ࣥٳ҃ᄝ20Lmၛ֤ඣᇉ۷ݺ֥ᄜളඣ.ၹՎ,ᄝھਵთ֥࣮ᄀটᄀഈ[35,36],္Ⴕ֥ؽࠩԛඣః॒৬৬ࣥࠢᇏᄝ014؟.ؓؽࠩളԩԛඣඣᇉ֥࣮൞࿊ᄴކൡ۽~5Lmᆭࡗ[35].ࣁඋሰᄝؽࠩԛඣᇏ֥୩؇ෙಖၜোބ۽ၜҕඔ֥ᇗေ҄ᇧ.ؓႿؽࠩളԩ҂,ۚ௴ђթᄝ,ӈ֥ࠫᇕࣁඋሰЇওࡋaa
1௹ᇫޠม֩:ԙသؓଇمඣԩᇏଇಙ֥႕ཙ305ہaૃaํa֩.ᄝӈܿඣԩ۽ၜ֥ؽࠩԛඣਈ[37,40].طղ֞၂קౢ༡ིݔ෮ླေ֥ԙသਈॖၛᇏ,ັള֥ݣਈ၂Ϯࢠۚ.၂ϮնӋۆऩඔਈٓ๙ݖԙသ୩؇ބࢤԨൈࡗ֥Ӱࠒটࣉྛყҩ.ຶᄝ3410~10۱PmLᆭࡗ,ط༥ऩሹඔᄵᄝ4510~1031212 ٳൔԙသ߄-ଇݖੲቆކ۽ၜ۱PmLᆭࡗ[26].ٳൔԙသ߄-ଇݖੲቆކ۽ၜ,ܤනၬ,ࣼؓႿֹіඣটඪ,ඣᇉ၂Ϯေбؽࠩളԩ൞ԙသ߄ّႋݖӱބଇݖੲݖӱٳљᄝ҂֥ಸఖԛඣݺ,ఃᇶေಙ္൞Ⴕࠏ҆ٳ.ֹіඣᇏଽࣉ.ྛෙಖ္ႵܱႿԙသԩֆჭᇂႿଇݖੲֆ֥฿ಖႵࠏ߄ކ(naturalorganicmatter,NOM)൞Ⴎჭᆭު֥࣮,ᆃᇕ۽ၜᇏԙသ߄֥ቔႨ҂൞Ⴈჷሱದোࠇᆀሱಖݖӱ֥ޓ؟҂ᇕোႵࠏቆӮট॥ᇅଇಙ.Ч໓ᇶေษંԙသ߄ݖӱᇂႿଇݖ֥ࠁކุ.Ֆܼၬഈ,NOMॖၛ߃ٳູਆ҆ٳ:¹ڪੲݖӱᆭభ֥౦ঃ.ᆃᇕٳൔ֥ቆކଆൔၹູఃᆲᇉ(humicsubstance,HS),Їওڶූ(fulvicacid,ࢲܒࡥֆ,ၞႿൌགྷ[9,11,41~47],൞࣮ࢠᄪaඔਈࢠFA)ބڪᆲූ(humicacid,HA);º٤ڪᆲᇉ,Їওฏ؟֥၂ᇕଆൔ.ᆃᇕ҃अྙൔՖࢲܒഈটඪ,ԙသّඣ߄ކaᆫބμࠎූ[37].࣮ದჴؓمݓMarneႋಸఖބଇݖੲቆࡱٳ,০ႿҐႨհੀݖੲ֥ٚފaCazauފaYaffiniacފބLaBultiereඣ९֩4ԩֹൔ.ᄝMBRଇಙ֥॥ᇅծീᇏ,ҐႨհੀݖੲ֥іඣႨSEC-DOCP-UVٚم෮ҩ֤֥NOMཌྷؓٳٚൔॖၛ০Ⴈࡧ్৯টࡨଇಙ,൞ؓؽࠩԛሰᇉਈٓຶჿᄝ100~20000ᆭࡗ[38].ඣݖੲ֥ଇಙ൞ڎႵቔႨ?ൌဒࢲݔіૼ,֒ଇ312 ԙသაଇݖੲ֥ቆކྙൔࠣቔႨቆࡱࣉඣູSBR۽ၜԩު֥۽ြ٬ඣൈ,აֆՂԙသ߄۽ၜބଇݖੲ۽ၜ֥৳ކႋႨྙൔᇶေ֥ඵ؊ݖੲཌྷб,հੀݖੲٚൔѩીႵૼཁֹڿႵ3ᇕ:¹ଇಙԙသౢ༡۽ၜ;ºٳൔԙသ߄-ଇಙሑঃ[48].ᆃႋھ൞ၹູᄝؽࠩളԩԛඣଇݖੲቆކ۽ၜ;»၂ุൔԙသ߄-ଇݖੲቆކᇏ,࿇ڜ॒৬֥୩؇ࢠMBR֥ୃਘ၁Ⴕࠞն֥۽ၜ.ࢆ֮,հੀݖੲᄝ॥ᇅଇಙٚ૫֥Ⴊ൝ь҂ᄜૼ31211 ଇಙԙသౢ༡۽ၜཁ.ཌྷ,ّՖᄎྛ֥ିݻࠣࣜ࠶ྟট,ुհੀݖੲၹᄝMBR۽ၜᇏ,๙ӈ߶ҐႨଇі૫֥ࡗཱུ௷గູေົӻޓն҆ٳਘ၁֥࿖ߌੀ,ᄯӮਔбࢠۚބࡗّཱུཟగԊ֥ٚൔটࡨഒಙᇉᄝଇі૫֥֥ᄎྛٮႨ.ڸሢࠇᆀࠒ.ᄝԙသ-ଇݖੲቆކ۽ၜᇏ,ԙသ္31213 ၂ุൔԙသ߄-ଇݖੲቆކ۽ၜॖၛᆃ2ᇕٚൔট॥ᇅଇಙ֥ؿᅚ.ᄝTakizawa၂ุൔԙသ߄-ଇݖੲቆކ۽ၜ,ࠧԙသაඣဢ֩[39]֥ൌဒᇏ,ҐႨٳᇂൔࢲܒؓሱۚჰඣّ֥ႋაଇݖੲݖӱ܋Ⴈ၂۱ಸఖ.ᆃᇕቆކٚൔࣉྛݖੲ,ૄݖੲ1hުՖᇏॢ༸ົଇቆࡱ༯֥ٚؓႪׄᄝႿఃࡨഒਔٳൔࢲܒᇏҗჅԙသᄝܵ֡ଇපі૫ࣉྛൈࡗູ20saO3୩؇ູ010435mgPL֥ൿᄎݖӱᇏ֥ാ,ࠧ൞ᄝࡆཌྷؓࢠഒਈԙသ֥ԙသగุԊ,ᄝޚ๙ਈ(1144mPd)ݖੲଆൔ༯֥౦ঃ༯,္ॖၛଇі૫Ⴕཌྷؓࢠ֥ۚԙသ୩؇.ೂTMPؿᅚ֤֞ਔႵི֥॥ᇅ.ݔԙသᄝଇቆࡱᆭభ٤ӈࢤֹ֥࣍ٚაඣੀࣉྛܵᄝଇಙݖӱᇏ,ಙᇉؓଇ।֥ೖބᄝ֡ࠁކ္ॖၛఏ֞ཌྷི֥ݔ,ପહ္ॖၛ࣍ර֥ଇ।ଽ֥҆་ڸఏ֞ਔޓն֥ቔႨ,ᆃ֤ࣼࡗཱུࡼఃູ݂၂ุൔԙသ߄-ଇݖੲቆކ۽ၜ.ਸ਼ຓ,ᄝྟؓଇі૫֥ԙသԊቔႨॖିؓႿଇ।ଽ֥҆ଖུ၂ุൔԙသ-ଇݖੲቆކ۽ၜᇏ,ԙသߎॖၛؓಙᇉିູ৯.ؓႿଇі૫ԙသԊބԙသّԊଇі૫ࣉྛӻ࿃֥ᆰࢤԊ.Ԋ֥ቔႨႵ2ׄ:¹༡2ᇕٚൔ֥бࢠࢲݔؿགྷ,ԙသؓႿଇ।ଽ֥҆ྙӮਔඣੀಠ,Ֆطߊ୩ҵࠞ߄֥ྙӮ;ºؓଇّԊ༡ིݔૼཁݺႿԙသؓଇі૫֥Ԋ.ᄝ႕ཙі૫֥ಙఏԊቔႨ[8].ਸ਼ຓ,ၹູଇݖੲݖӱԙသؓଇ।ّԊ༡ིݔ֥ၹбࢠᇏ,ԙသ୩؇֥߶ᄝݖੲಸఖଽࠒಙ,ॖၛղ֞ࢠ֥ۚ୩؇,႕ཙቋն,ఃՑٳљ൞ԙသగุੀਈބԙသّԊ༡ၹՎᆃᇕࢲܒྙൔߎିܔఏ఼֞߄ԙသԩಙൈࡗ.ਸ਼ຓ,ّԊࡗۯ(၂Ց৵࿃ݖੲൈࡗ)֥Ӊ߶֥ቔႨ[49].ᆃᇕྙൔଢభ֥ႋႨބ࣮ߎཌྷؓࢠૼཁࢆ֮ԙသّԊ༡ི֥ݔ[6,7].ഒ,ݢݓࣁඋଇᄝඣԩ࣮[10]ބݓֹіඣԩ္Ⴕ࣮ದჴᆰࢤࡼౢ༡(ౢඣّԊ༡)ު࣮[50]ᇏ֤֞ႋႨ.֥Ⴕࠏັੲଇᆰࢤ࣏ஞᄝ2mgPL֥ԙသඣಷ၁ᇏࣉ313 ؽࠩԛඣބֹіඣݖੲᇏ֥ଇಙࠣԙသቔྛౢ༡,ིݔཁᇷ,ؓႿူ҃ઌٯಷ၁ࠇᆀѨႨࠏᇅMS2ಷ၁ᄯӮ֥ັੲଇಙॖၛ߫گ95%֥ଇ๙31311 ႵࠏಙࠣԙသؓႵࠏᇉ֥ቔႨࠏᇅ
306ߌ ॓ ࿐30जႵࠏᄝؽࠩԛඣބֹіඣଇݖੲ۽ၜ֥ଇሰᇉਈᄝ1000ၛ༯֥ཬٳሰႵࠏ.ཋႿࢩ।ࣥಙᇏϲဆਔ٤ӈᇗေ֥࢘,္൞ଢభ࣮ቋ؟aቋ֥ჰၹ,ັੲaମᇀӑੲؓႿཬٳሰႵࠏ֥ಀԢቔധೆ֥၂োଇಙᇉ.၂Ϯটඪ,ؽࠩളԩԛႨޓҵ[24],ଢభၘᆩ֥ଇݖੲࢩࠏᇅनູݖੲݖඣᇏ֥Ⴕࠏಙ(effluentorganicmatter,EfOM)бӱᇏႵࠏᄝଇі૫ࠇᆀଇ।ଽ֥҆་ڸ[37,58,59],ֹіඣᇏ֥NOMऎႵ۷֥ۚಙమି[51],ჰၹॖ෮ٳ༅֥ႵࠏᇉЇও҃ઌٯ(ibuprofen)aЦᄽНି൞ఃᇏթᄝࢠۚ୩؇֥ࢆࢳള؟ऊ(ೂऊห(bezafibrate)aߜςࡊذᔺ(sulfamethoxazole)aέ؟บބ֑Ϣᇉ[52,53]),ၹՎؓႿଇಙ֥႕ཙ္༆ਟ(amoxycillin)aՉࠗ๛(estrone)֩.ఃᇏ҃ઌٯ۷ն.ᄝັੲݖӱᇏ֥ಙ౷ཌປಆژކ3ᇕׅࣜଇಙ฿ಖႵࠏؓႿଇ༢টඪ൞٤ӈᇗေ֥ಙଆᇏ[60]֥་ڸಙଆ:.ඣᇏ֥฿ಖႵࠏᇶေ൞ڪᆲූބڶූ,طڪPt=P-10(1-kadt)ᆲූޓಸၞྙӮ་ڸಙ,෮ၛ,HAФ၂ུ࿐ᆀಪൔᇏ,Pt൞۳קൈख़֥TMP,P0൞ԚTMP,kad൞ູ൞ଇಙ֥ᇶေၹ[54,55].ڪᆲූؓັੲଇಙ་ڸಙੱӈඔ[12].ֻ֥၂҄,္൞ቋᇗေ֥၂҄,൞ն֥ڪᆲූऊࠢၹູؽࠩԛඣބֹіඣᇏႵࠏᇉᇕোَ؟گࠇᆀ॒৬ᄝଇі૫֥ؓੀӦࠒ,ᆃ၂҄ࡆਔնٳᄖ,ၹՎԙသაఃᇏ֥Ⴕࠏᇉّ֥ႋ္٤ӈگᄖ.ሰڪᆲූᄝଇі૫֥Ӧࠒ,ఃჰၹॖି൞ֻ၂֥҄ሹุটࢃ,ԙသ߄ުUV254ᆷѓ߶Ⴕૼཁࢆ֮,ၛնٳሰఏ֞ਔ၂۱ࣖނ֥ቔႨ.ၹՎყݖੲ൞॥ᇅTOCູᆷѓ֥Ⴕࠏᇉሹਈ༯ࢆཌྷؓࢠત[61],္ڪᆲූಙޓᇗေ֥၂҄.ᆴ֤ᇿၩ֥൞,ყݖੲުႵTOCಀԢੱղ֞ࠇᆀӑݖ50%֥Б֡[27,43,57,62],֥ڪᆲූಷ၁ᄝ٢ᇂݖӱᇏಯಖ߶࿃ୠऊྙӮնऎุ֥ಀԢੱ౼थႿԙသّႋ֥ऎุҕඔބ่ࡱ,֥ሑࠇᆀ॒৬.ਸ਼ຓ,໑؇֥ശ္ۚ߶֝ᇁڪᆲೂగุٳӱ؇aੀਈaԙသ୩؇aࢤԨൈࡗ.֩҃ઌූऊࠢӱ؇֥ᄹ఼[56].ٯᄝყԙသ߄ު,ಷࢳྟሹႵࠏฏ(dissolvedorganicႵࠏٳሰ֥ൿඣྟaٳሰྙሑބٳሰնཬcarbon,DOC)֥ಀԢੱ҂֞10%,൞ૼཁࡨਔັ֩ҕඔन߶႕ཙ֞ఃಙି৯.ފඣNOMᇏۚඣੲଇಙ֥ؿᅚ[12],ၹՎ,ԙသؓႵࠏ֥ಀԢቔྟ֥҆ٳିܔ֝ᇁ๙ਈ֥ૼཁ༯ࢆ[38].֮ݖੲଇႨ(ࠏ߄)ॖିѩ҂൞ԙသࡨଇಙ֥ᇶေჰ(ັੲaӑੲ)ିܔႵֹིࢩඣྟࢠ఼֥նٳሰၹ.ၹູႵࠏؓႿັੲଇބӑੲଇ֥ಙଆൔᇶᇉ(ೂ؟บ),ඪૼඣNOMᇏ֥նٳሰ߄ކၛေၛ་ڸಙູᇶ(31311),෮ၛ,Ⴕࠏԙသ߄ࠣࢋุႵࠏᇉ൞֮ݖੲଇ֥Ⴕིಙ.ط,ު֥Ӂॖିᄝଇі૫ބଇ।ଽ֥҆་ڸି৯Ⴕ෮؟บࠇᆀ֑ϢᇉᆃোնٳሰႵࠏᇉᄯӮ֥ଇಙڿэ.ܱႿᆃ၂,ׄSawada֩[46]ಪູყԙသ߄֤౼थႿఃٳሰྙሑ(shapeandstructure)ބٳሰնཬႵࠏࢆࢳ,ѩሇ߄ູ҂ၞႿಙ֥ᇉ,෮ၛყ(sizeandweight).ؓବੲଇಙᇉ֥ٳ༅ؿགྷ,֑ԙသ߄ॖၛࡨଇಙ,ิۚଇ๙ਈ.Ϣᇉ(ཌྷؓٳሰᇉਈ21000~24000)൞ᇶေቆӮ҆ԙသ֥ࡆ֤ඣᇏႵࠏᇉཌྷؓٳሰᇉਈٳ,ڪᆲූ(ཌྷؓٳሰᇉਈ1000~5000)ބ۷ཬٳሰэཬ[59,61,63,64].۴ऌႵࠏᇕো֥҂,ᆃᇕཌྷؓٳ(ཌྷؓٳሰᇉਈ400~600)൞ՑေቆӮ҆ٳ[33].ؓႿሰᇉਈࡨཬ֥ྙൔ္҂.ڪᆲූোٳሰऎႵཌྷؓӑੲଇটඪ,Ⴕࠏٳሰᆰࣥაଇ।֥ࣥбᆴؓႿ໗ק֥ܠࡏࢲܒ,ԙသؓః֥ቔႨིݔ൞ၛ/ຓ҆ྩଇಙ֥႕ཙ٤ӈն:֒ھбᆴ<2P15ൈ,Ⴕࠏॖࡧ0(outside-intrimming)֥ٚൔࣉྛ֥[65].ࣤᅶோၛޓಸၞֹԬݖଇ;֒ھᆴ໊Ⴟ2P15~1P3ᆭࡗൈ,Ⴕཁൕԙသࡆభ,ުඣݖੲ෮ྙӮੲѦҪ֥ި؇ࠏಸၞ་ڸᄝଇ।ଽ;҆֒ھбᆴ໊Ⴟ1P3~1ᆭՖ312Lmࡨഒ֞114Lm,ൈԛඣᇏTOCᄹࡆਔࡗൈ,Ⴕࠏᇶေႄఏଇ।֥ଽ҆ೖ;֒ھбᆴᄝ70%,ඪૼԙသؓଇݖੲ֥ڿቔႨॖିᄝႿڿэ1~5P3ᆭࡗൈ,Ⴕࠏᇉႄఏଇ।і૫֥ೖ;֒ھႵࠏཌྷؓٳሰᇉਈުః۷ၞႿԬଇ।[63,66].ᆴ>5P3ൈ,Ⴕࠏ߶ྙӮଇі૫ੲѦҪ[57].൞ყԙသ߄္ॖି֝ᇁଇಙ֥ࡆख,ᄝمቋ࣍ࠫ,୍ܱႿؽࠩളԩԛඣၛࠣႂႨඣݓMerysurOiseඣӌࣉྛ֥൫ဒіૼ[33],ؓ೩ੲުჷඣᇏଽٳۄಠ(endocrinedisruptingchemicals,ؽࠩԛඣ֥ԙသ߄҂ࣇીႵࡨବੲ۽ၜ֥ଇEDCs)aူބ۱ದႨ(pharmaceuticalandಙ,ཌྷّࡆᇗਔଇಙ.ԙသڿэਔႵࠏ֥ൿඣpersonalcareproducts,PPCPs)֥Б֡ބ࣮ᄀটᄀྟᇉॖି൞Ӂളᆃᇕэ߄֥ቋᇶေჰၹ,ၹູؓႿ؟.طᆃਆնোඔతᇕᇉधն؟ඔඋႿཌྷؓٳବੲଇ200Bটඪ,ඣྟႵࠏᇉ۷ࢩ,طԙ
1௹ᇫޠม֩:ԙသؓଇمඣԩᇏଇಙ֥႕ཙ307သ߄ॖၛ֤ն؟ඔႵࠏऎႵ۷఼֥ඣྟ.ؓԩӌؽࠩԛඣ֥ӑੲ(ऊᨫᇏॢ༸ົଇ,100kuႿNOM་ڸି৯টඪ,ԙသყသ߄֥႕ཙ൞NOMMWCO)࣮ؿགྷ,॒৬ᇉሹਈᄀն,ӑੲଇಙሱദྟᇉ(ೂٳሰࢲܒބූྟܲିඔਈ֩)a୩؇ᄀᇗ;ᄝ෮Ⴕ॒৬ᇏ,৬ࣥཬ֥॒৬(014~1ၛࠣԙသࡆਈ֩؟ᇕၹ܋ቔႨ֥ࢲݔ[67].Lm)ؓႿଇಙ֥႕ཙေնႿ৬ࣥࢠն֥॒৬(>31312 ࠏಙࠣԙသ֥ቔႨ20Lm[35]).ݢݓ࣮ದჴၛဢ।֥ࣥӑੲଇؓؽࠏᇉ҂൞ؽࠩԛඣࠇᆀֹіඣ֥ᇶေቆӮࠩԛඣ֥ݖੲ൫ဒࢲݔᆦӻਔᆃ၂ંׄ,ૌ֥ᇶ҆ٳ,္ޓഒֆᄯӮଇಙ.ቔູ၂۱گᄖ֥ࠁކေಙ॒৬৬ࣥٓຶ൞012~112Lm[72].ᄝؓਸ਼၂,ุؽࠩളԩԛඣބֹіඣᇏ֥ࠏᇉᇶေ۱ؽࠩඣԩӌԛඣ֥ӑੲᇏ,ၛ100LP(m2#h)๙ݖބႵࠏᇉᆭࡗޓ؟ཌྷቔႨ৳༢ᄝ၂ఏ,Ֆݖੲ30min,ྙӮ֥ੲѦҪި؇<2Lm(൞ଇ।֥ࣥطؓଇಙᄯӮ႕ཙ.࣮ᆀؿགྷڪᆲූaڶූა10~50П),္ࠧ>2Lm֥॒৬ؓႿؽࠩളԩඣᇏ֥؟ࡎࣁඋဝሰ(ᇶေ൞ہa)ॖၛཌྷቔԛඣ֥ݖੲྟᇉ႕ཙ҂ն.ఃᇏ,012~2Lm֥॒৬Ⴈট႕ཙଇಙ֥ؿᅚ.Yuan֩[56]࣮ؿགྷ,pHaؓಙ܊ང30%~36%,011~012Lm֥॒৬ؓሰ఼؇ॖၛ๙ݖڿэٳሰᆭࡗ֥࣡ԇ৯টᄯӮಙ܊ང40%~57%,<011Lm֥॒৬ؓݖੲྟ֥܊฿ಖႵࠏᄝଇі૫֥ಙ.ޓ֮୩؇֥؟ࡎဝངູ12%~29%[71].ሰࣼॖၛղ֞ڪᆲූັੲݖӱଇಙࡆᇗ֥ࢲ֮ࡆਈ֥ԙသॖၛఏ֞ࡆ఼࿀ୠ֥ቔႨ,՜ݔ.ൈ,൫ဒߎؿགྷ০Ⴈଇݖੲ֑Ϣᇉൈ္ऎႵোࣉ॒৬৬ࣥٳ҃ཟ৬ࣥэն֥ٚཟ၍,࿃ࡆර֥ܿੰ[68].ቋ࣍Ⴕ࣮ᆀᄝᆃٚ૫֤֞ྍ֥ؿԙသᄵ߶॒৬৬ࣥٳ҃ӻ࿃ཟ৬ࣥэཬ֥ٚཟ၍གྷ[69],ؽࡎہሰ֥թᄝିܔࡆᇗᄨූᄝӑੲଇ[36,63].ൈ,֒ԙသࡆਈაSSᇉਈбٳљູഈ֥ಙ.ਸ਼ຓ,ہሰაඣཌྷᇏڪᆲූ֥նཬྙ11338a21296a31567a41915ൈ,ؽࠩԛඣᇏ֥॒৬္֩Ⴕ၂ק֥ܱ༢.ᄝہሰ୩؇<210mmolPL֥৬ࣥٳ҃эᅎ,طႵֹིၝᇅਔଇಙ֥ؿᅚ,ჰൈ,ީඣಷ၁ᇏڪᆲූ֥ٳሰ߶эն[70].ہሰ୩ၹॖିა৬ࣥٳ҃ࢠᅎ॒৬ྙӮ֥ੲѦҪ֥।༣ੱ؇ᄝ0~015mmolPL֥ٓຶൈ,ہሰᇶေఏ၂۱ࡏࢠۚႵܱ[36].ూ֥ቔႨ,ࡼڪᆲූٳሰᆭࡗaڪᆲූބଇᆭࡗ৵ࢤ॒৬൞ྙӮੲѦҪ֥ᇶေ҆ٳ,1൞ԙသఏট,ᆃဢؿᅚ༯ಀ,֒ڪᆲූٳሰնཬࢤ࣍ଇ।ࣥቔႨభު০Ⴈೡ૭ሰཁັࣤ(SEM)ܴҳ֥֞ੲѦൈࣼ߶ᄯӮૼཁ֥ଇಙ.ہሰ୩؇ᄝ015~210Ҫ֥э߄,бࢠؿགྷ,ໃࡆԙသ֥ੲѦҪࢲܒࣅmmolPLൈ,ࢠն֥ڪᆲූٳሰऊކุषఏᇶေቔૡ,ૼཁਚ໕,طࡆԙသ֥ੲѦҪࢲܒ,іႨ,ႮႿᇗ৯aܸྟࠣཌྷᆭࡗ֥ஆԇ৯֩ჰၹႵॖ૫Ⴕૼཁਚ໕[44].ԙသ֥ࡆॖၛੲѦҪଽ֥Ⴕି֤ಙҪэ,Ֆطཌྷбࢠط֤ଇಙэࠏФࢆࢳ,Ֆطࡨଇಙ[73].ਔ.31314 ളಙࠣԙသؓັള֥ቔႨࠏᇅԙသ߄ॖၛڿэႵࠏଌ؊ࠎ֥ࠞ,ྟՖطളಙᇶေ൞ᆷႮັളࠣఃս྆ӁቆӮॖି֤Ⴕࠏބࠏሰᆭࡗ֥ཌྷቔႨᄹ఼.֥ᅔୃ֝ᇁ֥ಙ.ଇі૫ၞ་ڸڪᆲᇉaऊบᆫaਸ਼ຓ,ඣᇏฏූ֥թᄝߎ႕ཙ֞ԙသؓCOD֥ಀັളྍӧս྆ࠃ֥Ӂ֩նٳሰᇉ,ऎСਔԢ,ಀԢฏූ,ުԙသؓCOD֥ಀԢੱ߶ิۚ[1].ັളളթ่֥ࡱ,ࠞၞྙӮ၂Ҫളଇ,ᄯӮଇ֥ؓႿᆺݣႵଖུࠏᇉ(ೂϫຂ)֥ಷ၁ط҂ॖቅೖ,ଇ๙ਈෛᆭ༯ࢆ.ෙಖؽࠩളԩԛ,ყԙသ߄ॖିمڿࠇᆀ႕ཙ֞ଇݖੲ֥іඣᇏ֥ັളݣਈაMBRࠁކਘ၁ᇏ֥ັളݣགྷ[9].ᆃॖିაԙသمڿэଖུࠏᇉ֥ྙਈ҂ିཌྷิѩં,൞ളಙགྷའಯಖޓૼཁ.ބྟᇉႵ.ܱHong֩[74]Ⴈ011Lmᇏॢ༸ົଇᇏ൫ഡС,ᄝૅݓ31313 ॒৬ಙࠣԙသ॒ؓ৬ᇉ֥ቔႨࠏᇅOrangeCountyؓؽࠩളԩԛඣࣉྛਔ൫ဒ,ࢲ၂ϮؽࠩളԩԛඣᇏSS֥ݣਈᄝૄLࠫݔіૼ,ࡆ೪ऩ࠴֥ඣဢб҂ࡆ೪ऩ࠴֥ඣဢmg֞ࠫmgᆭࡗ,ֹіඣᇏSS֥ݣਈაᆭࢤ࣍,ᄝັੲଇі૫ྙӮ֥ളଇᇏݣႵ֥༥ऩඔਈཌྷҵѯ౦ঃࢠն,౼थႿඣჷ౦ঃ.ᄝଇݖੲݖӱ3~10۱ඔਈࠩ(౼थႿᄎྛൈࡗӉ؇֩ၹ).ᇏ,॒৬ᄝଇಙؿᅚᇏ֥ቔႨ൞҂ॖޭ൪֥.႕ཙ၂ٚ૫ԙသॖၛࡨັള෮ᄯӮ֥ಙ,ѩ॒৬ಙ֥ၹЇও॒৬ᇉሹਈa॒৬৬ࣥٳ֤ౢඣّԊ༡֩ఃڣᇹଇಙ॥ᇅ൭؍۷ࡆႵ҃[71]a॒৬і૫ހྟᇉ֩.๙ݖؓૅݓ3ԩඣི.ԙသࡼ༥ऩa֑Ϣᇉࠇᆀ༥ऩྍӧս֥྆Ӂ
308ߌ ॓ ࿐30ज 1 ଇބੲѦҪ௩૫(٢ն200П) Profileofmembraneandcakelayer(magnified200@)(ೂEPS)ٳࢳ,Ֆط֤ଇ।ೖ֥ࠫੱննэཬ.གྷؓଇಙ֥႕ཙ.ູਔႪ߄ԙသ֥ԮᇉބቔႨིᄝ௴๙aԙသ֥ଇݖੲ۽ၜᄎྛൈ,EPSোັളݔ,ླေิۚԙသగุ୩؇[66]aඣᇏಷࢳԙသ୩ӁᄝୠࢋҪބੲѦҪ֥ྙӮᇏఏᇗေቔႨ,ѩ؇[43]aၛࠣଇі૫ԙသ୩؇[44,73]֞၂קඣ.ၹູିܔԬଇ।ࣉೆᆦӪҪ,ᆃဢᄯӮ֥ಙֆՂႨটჷඣᇉӮٳ֥گᄖྟބ෮Ⴈଇ۽ၜҕඔ֥҂,ౢඣّԊ༡ིݔ҂ࡄ.ᄝԙသ-ଇݖੲ۽ၜᄎྛൈ,ऎุ֥ඔऌᆺି๙ݖཬ൫ބᇏ൫൫ဒটࠆ.֤ԙသაEPSোັളӁّ֥ႋၛࠣଇі૫ԙသԢਔჰඣඣᇉބଇቆࡱหྟຓ,ቋࡄԙသࡆ֥թᄝڿэਔୠࢋҪބੲѦҪ֥ྙӮބࢲܒ,֤ਈߎ൳֞ԙသࡆٚൔ֥႕ཙ,ၹູԙသࡆٚൔಙၞႿФّԊ༡ಀԢ,Ֆط߫گԚ๙ਈ[50].ؓᄝޓնӱ؇ഈथקਔԙသԮᇉི,ੱ෮ၛ൙ൌഈ,ቋಙଇі૫֥ೡ૭ሰཁັܴࣤҳުؿགྷ,ࡆԙࡄԙသࡆਈ൳֞ԙသԮᇉིੱ֥႕ཙ.ൌဒؓбသުᄯӮೖ֥ຩ۬ሑᇉ(ဢູײۄުܴҳ)ૼࢲݔཁൕ,ԙသഝੀࡆࠁކٚൔႨޓ؋֥ࢤԨൈཁࡨഒ[11].ਸ਼ຓ,ԙသؓႿັള္Ⴕޓ఼֥ࠃࡗࣼॖၛղ֞௴๙ٳ௷గࢠӉൈࡗ֥ଇಙ॥ᇅቔႨ.ၛሱটඣބۚᇅ֥ଆࣉඣ,TOC୩؇ིݔ[45].০Ⴈັੲଇቔູగุٳఖॖၛࠆ֤۷ۚࠞ,֮ჿູ0145mgPL,ᄝყԙသ߄ު(ࡆਈໃᆩ)֥Ԯᇉੱބི,ੱགྷႵ൫ဒ࣮෮০Ⴈ֥గุٳଇ၂ϮູศՌଇ[49,76]TOCࠫެીႵэ߄,ଇಙ֥ሑঃಏ֤֞ਔڿބൿඣPVDFଇ[77].[39].ၹՎ,ᄝ֮TOC֥ඣဢݖੲᇏ,ԙသࢆ֮ଇಙ֥ᇶေჰၹႋھ҂൞ఃؓႵࠏ֥ࠏ߄ቔႨ4 ࢲეაᅚຬ,طॖି൞ԙသؓଇቆࡱଽ༥ऩሩള֥ၝᇅቔႨ.Ԣਔቔູཨ࠴ބิۚႵࠏॖളࢆࢳྟᆭਸ਼၂ٚ૫,ԙသ֥ࡆ္ॖିᄯӮଇಙ֥ຓ,ԙသߎॖၛაඣԩଇݖੲ۽ၜቆӮ৳ކ۽ၜ,ࡆख.ԙသ఼֥သ߄ྟ߶֝ᇁඣᇏ༥ऩ[75]aᄨো༥॥ᇅଇಙ֥ؿᅚ.ᄝଇളّႋఖᇏ,ԙသ-ଇቆІ[33]aѨ[40]֥ಷІࠇᆀಷࢳ,Ֆط֤༥ІބѨކ۽ၜႋႨߎཌྷؓࢠഒ.ᄝଇمԩؽࠩԛඣ(ᇅС֥ଽಷ(ളۚऊ)٢ೆඣᇏ,ࡆᇗଇі૫ᄜളඣ)ބֹіඣ(ᇅСႂႨඣ)֥۽ၜᇏ,ቆކԙသࠇᆀଇ।ଽ֥་ڸಙބೖಙ.֥࣮ᄀটᄀ؟.൞,০Ⴈັಙඣ(Їওؽࠩԛ31315 ቋࡄԙသࡆਈඣބֹіඣ)֥ԙသ߄ট॥ᇅఃݖੲݖӱᇏ֥ଇෙಖؓႿଖུඣᇉބหק۽ၜҕඔ,ԙသ֥ಙ,ߎթᄝޓ؟ໃᆩ֥໙ี.൮༵൞ԙသ߄ّႋ൳֞ࡆؓ॥ᇅଇಙིݔ҂ૼཁ,മᇀႵॖିࡆᇗଇޓ؟ၹ֥႕ཙ,бೂԙသగุ֥ٳӱ؇ބّႋಙ,൞धն҆ٳ࣮ࢲݔಪູԙသ֥ࡆॖၛఖ֥ࠁކӱ؇,֩ᆃུၹथקਔԙသ֥Ԯᇉބ০Ⴕིڿັಙඣଇݖੲൈ֥ଇ๙ਈ.і1ؓԙသႨི,ੱᆃུၹສສᄝ҂࣮ᆀ֥࣮۽ቔ֥ቋࡄࡆਈࣉྛਔ߸ሹ.ࡎԙသࡆਈ၂ϮၛᇏФޭ,ၹՎ,ಌك၂֥ѓሙؓԙသ߄ّႋݖӱႵࠏݣਈቔູޙਈѓሙ,ᆃᇶေაଢభ࣮ಪູࣉྛޙਈ,္֤ࣼၛؓັಙඣԙသ߄ّႋؓႵࠏಙᄝଇݖੲᇏఏᇗေቔႨཌྷ,ܱѩັଇಙ֥႕ཙࣉྛ၂֥бࢠࡎ.ఃՑ,ԙသ॥ᇅಙඣ֥ԙသ߄ॖିᇶေ൞๙ݖؓႵࠏ֥ቔႨটൌଇಙ֥ࠏᇅߎીႵࢠ၂֥ࢲ.ંሸކট,ुԙသ
1௹ᇫޠม֩:ԙသؓଇمඣԩᇏଇಙ֥႕ཙ309
310ߌ ॓ ࿐30जᇶေ๙ݖቔႨႿႵࠏބັളট႕ཙݖੲൈӁള[6] KimJO,ShinEB,֥ଇಙ.ᄝऎุ֥۽ӱႋႨᇏ,ႋھಪᆇٳ༅ჰඣmembranefoulingreductioninmicrofiltrationusingametalmembraneඣᇉ֥ᇶေӮٳ൞ၛႵࠏaࠏa॒৬ࠇᆀັ[J].Desalination,2002,143:269-278.ളᇏ֥၂ᇕࠇᆀࠫᇕູᇶ,ಖުҌି๙ݖંٳ[7] KimJO,JungJT,YeomIT,༅ބᇏ൫࣮ಒקԙသ-ଇݖੲ۽ၜ֥ऎุࢲܒބmembranematerial[J].Desalination,2007,202:361-368.ҕඔ.หљླေᆷԛ֥൞,ԙသ-ଇݖੲቆކ۽ၜᇏ[8] KarnikBS,DaviesSHR,ChenKC,ԙသࡼࣉඣᇏႵࠏՖࢠնٳሰэູࢠཬٳሰ,ᆃthepermeatefluxofnanocrystallineceramicmembranes[J].Water၂ٚ૫ࡨഒਔႵࠏٳሰᄝଇі૫ބଇ।ଽ֥҆་Research,2005,39:728-734.ڸࠫ[9] SchlichterB,MavrovV,,ੱՖطࡨਔଇಙ,ਸ਼၂ٚ૫္ᄹࡆਔԛcombiningozonationandmembranefiltration-filtrationofmodelඣᇏTOC֥ݣਈ.ၘࣜႵ࣮ᆣૼଇݖੲ-ԙသቆކsolutions[J].Desalination,2003,156:257-265.۽ၜбԙသ-ଇݖੲቆކ۽ၜᄝԛඣඣᇉഈေ۷ݺ[10] KimRH,LeeSH,၂ུ[78].ၹՎгᆀࡹၰ,ᄝູൌ࠽۽ӱ࿊ᄴ۽ၜൈrainwaterutilization:filtrationcharacteristicsandmembranefouling,ॖ๙ݖཬ൫ࠇᆀᇏ൫টሸކޙਈaбࢠԛඣඣᇉބ[J].Desalination,2005,177:121-132.۽ၜࣜ࠶ྟ[11] MoriY,OotaT,HashinoM,-microfiltrationsystem[J].(ᆷଇಙ֩),сေൈॖၛҐ౼ԙသ-ଇDesalination,1998,117:211-218.ݖੲ-ԙသࠇᆀԙသ-ଇݖੲ-ࠃྟฒ֥ቆކٚσ.[12] OhBS,JangHY,HwangTM,ਸ਼ຓ,ޓ؟࣮ࢲં఼טਔࣉଇቆࡱ֥ඣဢfoulingduetopharmaceuticalsinMF(microfiltration)process[J].ᇏಷࢳ၂ק୩؇ԙသ֥ᇗေྟ.၂ק୩؇֥ಷࢳԙJournalofMembraneScience,2007,289:178-186.သॖၛႵֹི॥ᇅଇಙ,ᆃ၂ׄᄝԙသؓଇ֥ౢ[13] GottschalkG,LibraJA,SaupeAᇷ.ڄ๕,ᅦѢೂ,ᅦؿ,֩༡ൌဒᇏ္֤֞ਔᆦӻ.൞๙ݖֆՂᄹࡆԙသၲ.ඣބ٬ඣԙသသ߄)))ԙသࠣఃႋႨᆷଲ[M].Кࣘ:ᇏࡆਈটົӻಷࢳԙသ֥୩؇ཁಖ҂൞၂۱ࣜ࠶Ⴕིݓࡹᇽ۽ြԛϱഠ,-49.[14] ࣁਪ,ߛ༩.ଇ-ളّႋఖࠁކ၁ྟᇉؓଇಙ႕ཙ֥֥Ҧ,ၹՎ,Ґ౼ծീၛ෪؋ԙသّႋ֞ଇݖੲ֥࣮ࣉᅚ[J].ߌಙᇍඌაഡС,2006,7(2):16-24.ൈࡗބएࣼӮູࢳथ໙ี֥ܱ.ᄝՎ,гᆀࡹၰ[15] DefranceL,JaffrinMY,GuptaB,ᄝၛު֥࣮ᇏࡆ఼၂ุൔԙသ-ଇݖੲቆކ۽ၜconstituentsofactivatedsludgetomembranebioreactorfouling[J].֥࣮BioresourceTechnology,2000,73:105-112.,ଢభᆃোቆކ۽ၜ֥࣮ഉࢠഒ.ෙಖࡆԙသުࡆᇗଇಙ֥౦ঃࢠഒ[16] MikkelsenLH,-chemicalcharacteristicsoffull,္scalesewagesludgeswithimplicationstodewatering[J].Waterႋھᇿၩᄝԙသڿଇݖੲ֥ൌ২ᇏ,ؓԙသࡆResearch,2002,36(10):2451-2462.֥ٮބଇڿི֥ݔࣉྛޙਈбࢠ,หљ൞ᄝჷ[17] BouhabilaEH,BenAR,ඣऎႵࢠۚႵࠏᇉݣਈބሤ؇ൈ,ॖିླေۚղmembranebioreactors[J].SeparationandPurificationTechnology,45m2001,22-23:(L#min)֥ԙသࡆਈ,ଇ๙ਈಏᆺᄹࡆਔ12%[79].ᆃᇕ౦ঃ༯,ࡹၰ҂ေႨԙသট॥ᇅଇ[18] RosenbergerS,ಙ֥ؿᅚmembranebioreactors[J].Desalination,2002,151:195-200..[19] IritaniE,KatagiriN,SengokuT,-endmicrofiltrationofactivatedsludgeanditssupernatant[J].ҕॉ໓ང:JournalofMembraneScience,2007,300:36-44.[1] BeltrnFJᇷ.ᇛᄉೋၲ.ඣބ٬ඣ֥ԙသّႋ৯࿐[M].К[20] HeSB,XueG,ࣘ:ᇏݓࡹᇽ۽ြԛϱഠ,(MBR)[J].Journalof[2] ྷྍ,ᅵ.ඣა٬ඣ֥ԙသԩ[M].Кࣘ:߄࿐۽ြԛHazardousMaterial,2006,B135:406-411.ϱഠ,-134.[21] ࣁਪ,ລӴ໓,ߛ༩.ԙသቔႨڿଇ-ളّႋఖࠁކ၁ଇ[3] DaiggerGT,RittmannBE,AdhamS,ݖੲྟ[J].ᇏݓߌ॓࿐,2006,26(4): WilliamsMD,-pages,2005,39(19):[J].Water[4] HuangX,LiuR,,2007,41:[J].ProcessBiochemistry,2000,36:401-406.[23] BarkerDJ,[5] BoerlageSFE,KennedyMD,DicksonMR,(SMP)inwastewatertreatmentsystems[J].WaterResearch,1999,foulingindexusingultrafiltrationmembranes(MFI-UF):33(14):,filtrationmechanismsandproposedreference[24] ਾೌ,ߛ༩,ٓћ,֩.ଇ-ളّႋఖᇏಷࢳྟັളӁ֥membrane[J].JournalofMembraneScience,2002,197:1-21.࣮ࣉᅚ[J].ߌಙᇍඌაഡС,2001,3(1):1-7.
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