曼佐 哈桑 (Manzoor Hasan)
亚太部执行长
Regional Director of Asia-Pacific Department
29-30 November 2003
透明国际：打击腐败，促进良治
Transparency International:
Achieving Good Governance
什么是腐败？What is corruption?
腐败就是滥用公权谋取私利
Corruption is the abuse of
entrusted power for
private gain
腐败的危害
Cost of Corruption...
• 制约社会及经济发展Retards social and economic
development
• 使千百万人民陷进贫困Traps millions of people in poverty
and misery
• 破坏民主与法制Undermines democracy and the rule of law
• 损害私营部门的管治及其商业道德Jeopardises sound
governance and ethics in the private sector
• 诱发社会、经济及政治动乱Breeds social, economic and
political crises
• 危及国内及国际安全Threatens domestic and international
security
• 扭曲国内和国际贸易的发展Distorts national and
international trade
• 破坏天然资源的持续开采利用Threatens the sustainability
of natural resources
透明国际的追求
TI’ s vision
透明国际希望建设一个政治清明、廉洁法治、竞争
公平、诚信高效、人民能安居乐业的美好世界
TI’s vision is a world in which
government, politics, business, civil society and the
daily lives of people are free of corruption
透明国际的使命
TI’s mission
我们脚踏实地，努力推动变革，
旨在创造一个消除腐败的社会
We work to create change towards a world free of corruption
透明国际反腐败的策略
TI’s approach
•透明国际致力于从源头治理腐败
TI fights corruption at its roots
•透明国际致力于诊断和分析制度性腐
败根源TI analyses and diagnoses systemic corruption
•透明国际不卷入个案调查
TI does not undertake individual case investigation
•透明国际保持政治中立
TI is politically non-partisan
•透明国际立足于基层，同时汇聚着一
批国际专家
TI combines local rootedness with international expertise
•透明国际致力于建立反腐统一战线
TI develops coalitions and builds bridges with different
stakeholders
廉政建设
INTEGRITY
N
AT
IO
N
AL
D
IMEN
SI
O
N
政府及公共机构
Government &
Public Sector
民间社会
Civil Society
私营机构
Private Sector
INTERNATIONAL
DIM
EN
SIO
N
透明国际推动反腐败斗争的工具TI Tools
• 透明国际《世界各国反腐败经验汇编》 TI Tool Kit
• 反腐败研究及资讯在线Corruption On-line Research and
Information System
• 《全球反腐败年度报告》 Global Corruption Report
• 为专业部门提供咨商Sector Specific Advice
– “从商指南”Business Principles
– “廉洁公约”Integrity Pacts
• 透明国际清廉指数TI Indices
– 受贿指数Corruption Perceptions Index
– 行贿指数Bribe Payers’ Index
– 全球腐败趋势预测Global Corruption Barometer
社会价值S O C I E T Y’ S V A L U E S
公众意识P U B L I C A W A R E N E S S
大
众
传
媒
M
E
D
IA
公
民
社
会
C
IV
IL
S
O
C
IE
T
Y
私
营
机
构
P
R
IV
A
T
E
S
E
C
T
O
R
国
际
组
织
IN
T
E
R
N
A
T
IO
N
A
L
A
C
T
O
R
S
国家廉政体系示意图The Concept of a National Integrity System
可持续发展
SUSTAIN-
ABLE
DEVELOP-
MENT
生活品质
QUALITY
OF
LIFE
法制
RULE
OF
LAW
审
计
A
U
D
IT
O
R
G
E
N
E
R
A
L
监
察
专
员
O
M
B
U
D
SM
A
N
肃
贪
机
构
W
A
T
C
H
D
O
G
A
G
E
N
C
IE
S
公
共
服
务
P
U
B
L
IC
S
E
R
V
IC
E
立
法
L
E
G
IS
L
A
T
U
R
E
行
政
E
X
E
C
U
T
IV
E
司
法
JU
D
IC
IA
R
Y
国家廉政体系构成国家廉政体系构成
N A T I O N A L I N T E G R I T YN A T I O N A L I N T E G R I T Y
PR
IV
A
T
E
S O C I E T Y’ S V A L U E S
P U B L I C A W A R E N E S S
Q
U
A
L
IT
Y
O
F
L
IFE
RULE OF LAW
A
U
D
IT
O
R
G
E
N
E
R
A
L
O
M
B
U
D
SM
A
N
W
A
T
C
H
D
O
G
A
G
E
N
C
IE
S
P
U
B
L
IC
S
E
R
V
IC
E
L
E
G
IS
L
A
T
U
R
E
E
X
E
C
U
T
IV
E
JU
D
IC
IA
R
Y
N A T I O N A L I N T E G R I T Y
N A T I O N A L I N T E G R I T Y
C
IV
IL SE
CT
ORSO
CI
ET
Y
IN
T
E
R
N
A
T
IO
NL
AC
TO
RS
M
E
D
IA
SUSTAIN-
ABLE
DEVELOP-
MENT
The Concept of a National Integrity System
过去十年，透明国际取得如下成就：
In the last 10 years, TI has…
• 把腐败议题提到国际社会议事日程上来Put corruption on the
international agenda
• 在90个国家或地区建立分会—在中国，跟中国行政监察
学会及清华大学国情研究中心/廉政研究中心建立了联
系/湖南大学廉政学院Developed a network of National Chapters in
about 90 countries – contact with CSAS
• 建立反腐败统一战线和联盟，推动反腐败变革Built
coalitions and alliances to advocate change
• 传播反腐败资讯，开发反腐败资源，研制反腐败工具
Generated a wealth of information, resources, products and tools
• 展示反腐败方法Demonstrated ways to curtail corruption
• 成为反腐败领域领先群伦的组织Been recognised as the leading
NGO in fighting corruption
NO
CORRUPTION
透明国际在全球推动反腐败斗争重点
Key Global Priorities
• 政治腐败Political corruption
(如政党腐败及贿选 political party and campaign financing)
• 政府采购Public contracting
• 确立私营机构的清廉标准Anti-corruption standards in the
private sector
(从商指南 Business Principles，廉洁公约Integrity Pact)
• 建立国际规范International institutions and instruments
(建立、推广与实施各种国际公约
development, implementation and enforcement of conventions)
其他相关领域Additional Areas of Interest
• 资讯公开Access to information
• 反洗钱及要求返还被转移藏匿至外国的国家资
产Money-laundering and recovery of stolen assets
• 推广反腐败教育及道德教育Anti-corruption education /
ethics
• 监督民间组织Accountability of civil society organisations
• 发展援助及腐败Corruption and development cooperation
• 司法改革、反腐败法律制定及其实施Judicial reform /
anti-corruption laws and enforcement
• 推动军售、建筑业、银行业等部门的反腐败斗
争Specific industries (arms, construction, banking, extractives) and areas of concern
(. environmental)
最易滋生腐败的行业Sectors most prone to bribery
Source: TI Bribe Payers Index 2002
Legend:
Established National Chapters
National Chapters in Formation
National Contacts
or
or
or
透明国际在全球的发展
The TI Movement (as of November 2003)
透明国际组织管理结构示意图
Tl’s Structure
年度代表大会Annual General Meeting
理事会Board of Directors
各国分会National Chapters 国际秘书处International Secretariat
顾问委员会Advisory Council
el
ec
t m
em
be
rs
ac
cre
dit
s
支持supports)
el
ec
ts
re
po
rt
s
to
supports
employs
建议advises
任命appoints
透明国际资金来源Statement of Income in EUR
(for the year ended December 31, 2002)
总收入62313810元人民币Total Income in EUR 6,311m
各国反腐败经验介绍Experience from Chapters & Contacts
• 南韩South Korea
•香港廉政公署ICAC – Hong Kong
•新加坡反贪局CPIB – Singapore
•印度India
•孟加拉国Bangladesh
透明国际南韩分会TI South Korea
反贪教育Anti-Corruption Education
青年组织网络Youth networks
制定学校教育School curricula development
教师培训Teacher education
制定商业诚信守则Business Ethics
私营企业评比Private sector surveys
雇员培训Employee education
公共机构监督Public Administration Monitoring
与政府部会对话交流Dialogue, committee
participation
“21世纪清廉韩国”行动计划Clean Korea 21
反贪交流大会Anti-corruption fair
香港廉政公署ICAC – Hong Kong
• 惩治、预防、教育三管齐下治理腐败
•a three-pronged approach of investigation, prevention and education.
•调查处：有效打击——查处率在79%以上
•反贪处：在公营部门制定新措施、程序及立法时提供防贪建议，
并向私营机构提供咨询
•社区关系处：推行公务员廉洁守正计划，为不同行业及学校提供培训
新加坡反贪局Corruption Practice Investigation Bureau - Singapore
接受贪腐举报投诉，独立开展调查
to receive and investigate complaints alleging corrupt practice
调查公务员贪渎枉职玩忽职守行为
to investigate malpractices and misconduct by public officers with an undertone of corruption;
审议公营部门各种规章制度及办案程序，以减少腐败发生机会
to prevent corruption by examining the practices and procedures in the public service to
minimise opportunities for corrupt practices.
透明国际印度分会TI - India
推动反腐立法Advocacy of anti-corruption legislation
推动设立廉政专员Appointment of Lok Pal (Federal Ombudsman)
要求副部长级以上人士及国会议员申报个人财产
Declaration of assets by Ministers and MP‘s
市政府各部门清廉成都评比]Local Area Development Scheme
协助德里市政府制定“为民服务章程”Government of Delhi Citizens Charter
在试点学校里推广伦理道德教育及举办反腐作文竞赛
Moral and Ethical Education and essay competition on anti-corruption
透明国际孟加拉分会TI - Bangladesh
在全国范围内推动一个“制约腐败，提高公务员清廉素质 ”项目
“Combating Corruption through Promoting Integrity in Public Service Delivery System”
该项目包括以下四个部分：
•走访反贪局及审计长办公室，撰写报告Fact Finding Exercises (FFEs),
• 公民委员会Committees of Concerned Citizens (CCCs),
•信息及咨询中心Advice and Information Centers (AICs), and
•国家廉政建设工作会议National Integrity Workshops (NIWs).
透明国际中国合作伙伴开展的工作
TI Contacts in China
Promoting Transparency and Improving Efficiency in the Government
推动监察部参与经合组织公约与亚洲开发银行“亚洲反腐败行动计划”
协助行政监察学会研究经合组织公约Drafting an Anti-Corruption Law;
协助清华大学廉政研究中心制定“市民评价公务员服务”规划
A Report Card Study on Citizen’s Evaluation of Public Service;
Transparency in Public Procurement
清华大学廉政研究中心同北京奥委会合作，促进廉洁奥运
Working with the Olympic Game Committee
清华大学廉政研究中心同建设部合作推动工程担保保证立法
with the Construction Ministry for a Bonding Surety Law;
Education and Public Awareness Raising
湖南大学成立廉政学院
An Anti-Corruption School is established in Hunan University with undergraduate and post-graduates
参与国际合作，共同打击腐败
International Cooperation
•《美洲国家反腐败公约》
•American Convention against Corruption， 1996
• 《经济发展合作组织反对在国际商业交易中贿赂外国公职人员公约》
•OECD Convention against the Bribing of Foreign Public Officials in International Transactions， 1999
•《 非洲联盟预防与打击腐败公约》
•Africa Union Convention on Preventing and Combating Corruption， 2002
•《亚洲开发银行与经济发展合作组织反腐败行动计划》
•ADB/OECD Action Plan
•《联合国反腐败公约》
•UN Convention Against Corruption， 2003
