ֻ28ज ֻ4௹॓ ࿐ ࿐ ࣮ 2010୍4ᄅ໓ᅣщݼ:1003-2053(2010)04-0542-07ݓ7۱Ӂြ֥ӁြࡗR&Dၮԛིႋሺཟбࢠٳ༅韩 颖,李丽君,花园园,孙志敏(东北大学,辽宁沈阳110004)ᅋ ေ:R&Dၮԛ൞ᆷႮႿᆩ്֥٤ᅝྟ,֝ᇁᆩ്ঔ֞ఃఒြ,ࣩᆚᆀᄝ҂ٮࠇࢠഒٮӮЧ֥౦ঃ༯,՜ࣉਔఃඌඣ֥ิۚbR&Dၮԛุགྷູଖ۱ݓࡅࠇֹࡗ၂Ӂြ֥ၮԛ,ࠇଖॢࡗଽ҂Ӂြ֥ӁြࡗၮԛਆᇕྙൔbطӁြҪՑR&Dၮԛིႋ֥࣮၂ᆰФܱᇿbႋႨࠎႿೆӁԛ֥ӁြࡗR&Dၮԛིႋ࠹ෘٚم,࠹ෘਔݓ1997a1999a2000a2002a2005୍֥7۱Ӂြ֥ӁြࡗR&Dၮԛིႋ,бࢠٳ༅ਔӁြ҂ൈࡗၮԛིႋ֥э߄bႵᇹႿ۷ݺֹਔࢳӁြࡗR&Dၮԛ֥གྷሑބӁြࢲܒэ֥หׄ,ؓᇅקཌྷႋ֥ӁြؿᅚaR&Dೆඥ൬ᆟҦऎႵᇗေ֥གྷൌၩၬbܱՍ:R&Dၮԛ;Ӂြ;ೆӁԛمᇏٳোݼ:F06 ໓ངѓ്:A 21ൗࡀ൞ᆩ്ࣜ࠶֥ൈս,ᆩ്ԷྍӮູඌჿః༎ಌࣜ࠶ሧჷ[2]bࣉ֥҄ᇶေটჷބ֒սࣜ࠶ؿᅚࠣഠ߶ࣉ֥҄ଢభ,ݓଽຓؓႿR&Dၮԛ֥࣮൮༵൞ࠎႿथקྟ৯ਈbطᆩ്Էྍᇶေ၇ঠႿ॓࿐࣮ބ൫ଽളᄹӉં֥R&Dၮԛ,࣮R&Dၮԛაࣜ࠶ဒؿᅚࠃbR&Dࠃ൞ᆷᄝ॓࿐ඌਵთ,ູᄹᄹӉ֥ܱ༢,Ֆൌ࠽࢘؇ඪૼਔ࣮R&Dၮԛ֥сࡆᆩ്ሹਈ,ၛࠣᄎႨᆃུᆩ്ಀԷᄯྍ֥ႋႨطေྟbఃՑ,۷؟֥࣮൞R&Dऎุ֥ၮԛࣥၛࣉྛ֥༢ֹaԷᄯྟ֥ࠃ,ЇওࠎԤ࣮aႋႨࠣᆃᇕၮԛ֥࠹ਈ,ఃᇏЇওॢࡗ֥R&DၮԛބӁ࣮a൫ဒؿᅚ֩bᆩ്Էྍᆭ෮ၛؓഠ߶֥ࣉ҄ြҪՑ֥R&Dၮԛbބࣜ࠶֥ؿᅚऎႵऍն֥మ৯,ູࠞᇗေ֥၂ቋᄪٳ༅ၮԛགྷའؓӁြ႕ཙ֥൞Ruf,fٳ༅۱ჰၹࣼ൞ఃR&DၮԛིႋbR&Dၮԛ൞ᆷႮႿਔܪ؎༯,ෛሢস৯ೆ֥э߄,Ӂြ֥ᄹӉᆩ്֥٤ᅝྟ,֝ᇁᆩ്ঔ֞ఃఒြ,ࣩᆚᆀଆൔ,Ԣਔ၂Ϯস৯֥ܦႛିջটᄹӉຓ,࣮۽ᄝ҂ٮࠇࢠഒٮӮЧ֥౦ঃ༯,՜ࣉਔఃඌቔᆀܦႛିննิۚളӁ৯ބིੱ,ಪ്֞Ⴕ၂ᇕඣ֥ิۚbটሱఃఒြ֥మᄝᆩ്/Ԯ־0,ᆃ߶ؓఒြӁളR&Dၮԛ֥ྙൔᇶေႵਆᇕ:၂൞ᄝݓࡅࠇֹࢠն֥႕ཙ[3]bՎުAspremontބJacquenin,NadiriӁြ֥ၮԛ,ؽ൞ଖॢࡗଽ҂Ӂြࡗ֥ၮԛބManuneas,Harhot,tPeter,GamalAtallah,ErikD-i(ࠧӁြҪՑࠇӁြࡗၮԛ)bӁြࡗ֥R&DၮԛetzenbacherބBartLos֩ݓຓ࿐ᆀؓӁြҪՑི֥ႋٳູਆᇕ:(1)ଖఒြӁള֥ྍᆩ്Ⴕ০ႿڿR&Dၮԛ໙ีࣉྛਔ࣮[4-9]bݓଽؓھ໙ี֥ࣉਸ਼၂۱ఒြ֥ඌ;(2)၂۱ఒြR&DӮݔุགྷ࣮ࢠഒ,ᅦޣ༩aڈض০ႨᇏݓaૅݓaರЧݓູӁᇉਈิۚൈ,֒ھఒြࡼӁ܂ႋ۳༯Ⴓఒ֥ೆӁԛіބႵܱ֥R&Dᆦԛඔऌٳљ࠹ෘਔြ,༯Ⴓఒြ֥Ӂᇉਈ֤ၛڿ[1]bઋު֥ఒᆃ۱ݓࡅӁြ֥҆൳ၭᆀིႋބ܊ངᆀིႋ,ြ๙ݖႄࣉຓ҆ᆩ്ඌ,หљ൞ࢹᇹႿ۲ᇕྙൔѩࣉྛਔٳ༅ؓб[10]bႃ࣡aྍౄᄝJaffeܒᄯ֥ၮԛིႋႄࣉຓ҆ᆩ്,҂ࣇॖၛࢳथࣜ࠶ؿᅚఒြࡗ֥ၮԛᆷѓٚم֥ࠎԤഈࡆၛԷྍ,ܒᄯਔᇏ֥,ี෪؋აؿղఒြᆭࡗ֥ҵए,ߎࡼႵིࢫ۲҆ᆭࡗ֥ඌཌྷਣᆷѓބඌၮԛᆷѓٳ༅ਔ ൬۠ರ௹:2009-09-14;ྩ߭ರ௹:2009-12-09 ࠎࣁཛଢ:ୡസഠ߶॓࿐৳ކ߶ཛଢሧᇹ(20071s1s1ktjjx-105) ቔᆀࡥࢺ:ݢ ႖(1961-),୯,ࠝਟӉԽದ,࢝൱,Ѱൖ,࣮ٚཟູඔਈࣜ࠶ႋႨbৡब(1972-),୯,ଽડᇝದ,ڬ࢝൱,Ѱൖ,࣮ٚཟູࠎႿ܂ႋ৽֥ҍༀ໙ี࣮bჳჳ(1984-),୯,ࡾ්ଲࣘದ,ණൖ࣮ള,࣮ٚཟູඔਈࣜ࠶ႋႨbᆽૹ(1981-),୯,ୡഫဝದ,ණൖ࣮ള,࣮ٚཟູӁြܱ৳b
ֻ4௹ݢ ႖ৡबჳჳ,֩:ݓ7۱Ӂြ֥ӁြࡗR&Dၮԛིႋሺཟбࢠٳ༅#543#ᇏݓ۱സaᆰ༪൧ၛࠣᇅᄯြᆭࡗ֥ඌၮԛj۱Ӂြֆ໊ሹӁԛᆰࢤཨݻֻi۱Ӂြ֥Ӂࠇห,ׄؿགྷֹࡗ֥ඌၮԛაھֹ֥ؿᅚࢨ؍ڛༀ֥ඔਈ,bij(i,j=1,2,,,,n)ູٳ༢ඔ,іթᄝࣅૡ৳༢[11]bൕֻi۱Ӂြֆ໊ሹӁԛٳ۳ֻj۱Ӂြ֥ඔਈ;ՖၘႵ֥࣮Ӯݔটु,ؓݓ؟۱Ӂြ֥ӁXaYaNٳљіൕሹӁԛཟਈaቋᇔӁཟਈaြࡗR&Dၮԛིႋࣉྛሺཟٳ༅֥࣮ޓഒbЧᄹࡆᆴཟਈ,RіൕR&Dೆཟਈ;໓ҕॉၘႵ֥ݓଽຓ໓ང,ҐႨErikDietzenbacherAaBٳљіൕᆰࢤཨݻ༢ඔइᆔaٳ༢ඔइ֥ٚم,ٳ༅ݓ7۱Ӂြ֥ӁြࡗR&Dၮԛིᆔ,X^іൕၛxjູᇶؓ࢘ཌഈჭ֥ؓ࢘ᆔ,R^іൕႋb൮༵ࢺകၛೆӁԛمູࠎԤ֥սіӁြࡗၛrjູᇶؓ࢘ཌഈჭ֥ؓ࢘ᆔbR&Dၮԛ൳ၭᆀིႋ֥ުཟӰඔބսіӁြࡗೆӁԛ֥ଆॖіൕ:ູR&Dၮԛ܊ངᆀིႋ֥భཟӰඔၛࠣսіӁြࡗX-1=(I-A)#Y(1)R&Dၮԛིႋ֥२Ԣሱദ႕ཙު֥R&DၮԛིႋXT=NT(I-B-1)(2)֥ۀބ࠹ෘٚم(ᆃུᆷѓሸކఏটіൕӁြࡗ-11L=(I-A),G=(I-B-)R&Dၮԛིႋ);ࡼݓ1997୍a1999୍a2000୍al11l12,l1ng11g12,g1n2002୍ބ2005୍ೆӁԛі,ᆜӮؓႋ୍ٺ֥8l21l22,l2ng21g22,g2n۱Ӂြ֥ೆӁԛіL=,G=,(Ӂြӫі1),ѩ࠹ෘఃཌྷႋ༢ඔ;ቋުٳљ࠹ෘݓ8۱Ӂြ5୍֥Ӂြssssssssࡗln1ln2,lnngn1gn2,gnnR&Dၮԛིႋ,۴ऌ࠹ෘࢲݔ,ٳ༅і1ᇏభ7۱Ӂြၮԛིႋ֥ห,ׄՖطູᆟکಒ৫Ӂြؿᅚᇗh11h12,h1nh11h12,h1nh21h22,h2nh21h22,h2n,ׄᇅקཌྷܱ֥ҍᆟބඥ൬ᆟҦটႄ֝ӁြࢲܒႪ߄H=,H=ശࠩssssssss,ࣉࣜ࠶ࢲܒ֥ᅞྟטᆜิ܂ॖौ၇ऌbhn1hn2,hnnhn1hn2,hnn1 ࠎႿೆӁԛم֥ӁြࡗR&DၮԛིႋᄵႵlijіൕֻj۱Ӂြֆ໊ቋᇔӁླေֻi࠹ෘ۱Ӂြิ܂֥ሹӁԛਈ,gijіൕֻi۱Ӂြֆ໊ᄹࡆᆴླေֻj۱҆ิ܂֥ሹӁԛਈ;hij,Hhij,H֥ ೆӁԛٳ༅൞20ൗࡀ30୍սႮૅݓࣜ࠶࿐ݣၬ֥ࢳbࡅ༆#υڏ(WassilyLeontief)൮༵ิԛ ၮԛིႋ࠹ෘ֥,ଢభೆӁԛمᄝൗࢸ۲ݓࠆ֤ਔ௴ђ֥ႋႨၮԛིႋ֥࠹ෘၛೆӁԛູࠎԤ,ႮR&DၮބܼbၘႵྸ؟࿐ᆀ০ႨೆӁԛم࠹ෘބٳ༅ԛሹ൳ၭᆀིႋ(ࡥӫሹ൳ၭᆀིႋ)ބR&DၮԛӁြࡗR&DၮԛིႋbЧ໓ҐႨErikDietzenbach-ሹ܊ངᆀིႋ(ࡥӫሹ܊ངᆀᆀིႋ)ၛࠣ२Ԣሱer෮ඍ֥ٚم࠹ෘӁြࡗR&D֥ၮԛིႋ(ၛ༯ദ႕ཙު֥R&DၮԛིႋܒӮbࡥӫၮԛིႋ)b(1)ሹ൳ၭᆀིႋ ࠎЧژݼࠣݣၬሹ൳ၭᆀིႋ൞ᆷଖӁြՖ෮ႵӁြؿࠃႵn۱Ӂြ֥ೆӁԛі,ႵܱژݼࠣݣၬӁള֥ၮԛིႋᇏࠆ֤֥ሹ֥൬ၭ,ႨުཟӰඔіೂ༯:ൕbxij(i,j=1,2,,,,n)іൕֻi۱ӁြളӁ֥ӁႮlijॖᆩ,ֻູj۱ӁြቋᇔӁᄹࡆ၂۱ࠇڛༀٳ۳ֻj۱ӁြႨႿളӁཨݻ֥ඔਈ,ֆ໊,ֻi۱Ӂြ֥Ӂԛᄹࡆਈᅝֻi۱ӁြሹӁԛ္іൕֻj۱ӁြളӁݖӱᇏ,ᆰࢤཨݻֻi۱Ӂြ֥Ӂࠇڛༀ֥ඔਈ֥б২൞lij,෮ႵӁြ֥ؓႋб২ູX^-1Lb;xixi,yini(i?=1,2,,,,n)ٳљіൕֻi۱ӁြႮႿֻi۱Ӂြ֥R&Dೆູri(i=1,2,֥ሹӁԛaቋᇔӁaᄹࡆᆴ;ri(i=1,2,,,,,,n),ॖֻ֤i۱Ӂြ֥R&D֥ೆб২ູrib,n)іൕֻi۱Ӂြ֥R&Dxiೆ;ࡌഡR&D֥ೆб২҂э,֩ႿR&DٮႨᄹਈaij(i,j=1,2,,,,n)ູᆰࢤཨݻ༢ඔ,іൕֻაӁԛᄹਈᆭб(ࠧӁԛᄹࡆб২აR&DٮႨᄹ
#544#॓ ࿐ ࿐ ֻ࣮28ज ࡆб২ཌྷ֩)bԢਔӁြj֥ӁቋᇔӁႄؿ֥R&DٮႨֻູj۱ӁြቋᇔӁᄹࡆ၂ֆ,ֻ໊i۱Ӂሹਈ,္ႵсေਔࢳᆃུR&DᄹਈႮఃӁြ֥քြ֥R&DٮႨᄹࡆਈႨhij(ӫູުཟ༢ඔ)іൕ,ڵਈbॉ੮इᆔH,ޓૼཁؓ࢘ཌၛຓ֥ჭ,္ࣼᄵႵrilijh൞hij(iXj),іൕᆃ၂քڵਈbਙཟބEhijսіij=,ؓ෮ႵӁြॖႨHіൕ,ӫູުཟ༢xi,iXjiඔइᆔ,ᄵႵఃӁြӵք֥R&Dᄹਈ,൞ႮؓӁြjളӁӁ:Hླ෮ႄఏ,֥ࡼఃקၬູӁြࡗ൳ၭᆀིႋ(Ⴈ=R^X^-1L(3)OBj),ࠧႵ: ֻj۱Ӂြ֥ުཟӰඔႨMBjіൕ,൞ᆷֻj۱Ӂြֆ໊ቋᇔӁջট֥෮ႵӁြ֥R&DٮႨOBj=Ehij(7)i,iXjᄹࡆ֥ކ࠹,္ࣼ൞ֻູ֤֞j۱Ӂြֆ໊ቋᇔӁ ,ӁြiࣉྛR&DࠃؓఃӁြ֥ၮԛ,ֻj۱ӁြՖݓࣜ࠶෮ႵӁြ֤֥֞R&Dٮིႋ္ॖၛіൕູEhij,hႨᄹࡆሹحbުཟӰඔ൞ުཟ༢ඔइᆔii൞ӁြiࣉྛR&DࠃH֥ਙཟi,iXjބؓሱദ܊ང֥ၮԛིႋ,ؓ࢘ཌၛຓ֥ჭᄵູ,ࠧMؓఃӁြ֥ၮԛིႋ,ࡼఃקၬູӁြࡗ܊ངᆀBj=Ehij(4)iིႋ(ႨOFiіൕ),ࠧႵ ෮ႵӁြ֥ުཟ༢ඔႨecHіൕ,ఃᇏູnົOFྛཟਈࠧi=Ehij(8)ec=j,jXi(1,,,1)b(2)ሹ܊ངᆀིႋሹ܊ངᆀིႋّ႘ਔᆰࢤބࡗࢤϴෛሢӁြ2 ݓӁြࡗR&Dၮԛིႋ֥࠹ෘj֥၂ֆ໊ቋᇔླ෮ླ֥R&Dೆਈ,္ࣼ൞ิ܂ਔ၂ᇕ؇ਈR&DᄎႨഈඍٚم,۴ऌݓೆӁԛބR&Dೆ/ླ0(টЌᆣR&Dೆб২)֥ٚمbᆃᇕླটሱyi֥ᆰࢤླaࡗࢤླ֥ሧਘ,࠹ෘԛݓ8۱Ӂြ֥ӁြࡗR&Dၮԛི֩֩ႋb,ᆃࣼ൞/భཟ0֥ۀbؓႋ֥భཟ༢ඔޙਈ֥൞/Ӂԛੀཟଧ0,Ⴈభཟ༢ඔটіൕሹ܊ང ඔऌটჷࠣԩᆀིႋЧ໓ႨࠎԤඔऌЇওೆӁԛ֥༢ඔၛࠣ۲,൞ଖӁြቔູؿࠃၮԛ܊ངᆀؓ۲۱ӁြၮԛིႋbӁြ֥R&DೆٮႨbೂݔR&DٮႨቔູೆ,ФԮ־֞ܓઙӁ֥۴ऌቋ୍࣍ࠫݓ1997୍(124۱҆)a1999ದ൭ᇏ୍(40۱҆)a2000୍(17۱҆)a(122۱҆,Ӂြiᄹࡆ၂ֆ໊֥R&DٮႨࣼіൕӁြj֥ӁԛᆴᄹࡆgijbႮႿӁြi֥၂ֆ໊R&Dٮ)ބ2005୍(17۱҆)֥ೆӁԛі,ᆜӮؓႋ୍ٺ֥8۱Ӂြ(Ӂြӫі1)֥ೆӁԛႨ,ӁြjӁԛᆴᄹࡆਈᅝఃሹӁᆴ֥бੱࣼ൞gij,xі,۴ऌᆜު֥8۱ӁြೆӁԛі࠹ෘ۲୍֥j෮ႵӁြ౦ঃᄵູGX^-1bႮӁြႵܱ༢ඔbi෮ႵR&Dೆջট֥Ӂြj֥ӁԛᆴᄹࡆбੱႨh1997୍a1999୍a2000୍a2002୍a2005୍۲ij(ӫູభཟ༢Ӂြ֥R&Dೆሧਘ(ӫູჰඔऌ)টჷႿ5ᇏඔ)іൕ,ᄵႵrigijhij=,ؓ෮ႵӁြॖႨHіൕ,ӫxݓ॓࠹୍6,۴ऌჰඔऌᆜކѩӮؓႋjᆭູభཟ༢ඔइᆔ୍ٺ֥8۱ӁြR&DೆٮႨb,ᄵႵ:H=R^GX^-1(5) ၮԛིႋ࠹ෘο܄ൔ(3)-(8)࠹ෘݓ8۱Ӂြ1997a ֻi۱Ӂြ֥భཟӰඔູMFi,іൕֻiӁြࣉྛؿࠃӁള֥ሹ֥ၮԛིႋ,აੀೆིႋཌྷ1999a2000a2002ࠣ2005୍֥൳ၭᆀིႋ(Їওሹؓႋ൳ၭᆀིႋMBބӁြࡗ൳ၭᆀིႋOB)a܊ངᆀ,္ӫᆭູੀԛིႋ,֩Ⴟభཟ༢ඔइᆔ֥ྛཟބིႋ(Їওሹ܊ངᆀིႋMFބӁြࡗ܊ངᆀིႋ,ࠧMFOF),࠹ෘ֥ࢲݔі1ބі2bi=Ehij(6)j (3)२Ԣሱദ႕ཙު֥R&Dၮԛིႋ
ֻ4௹ݢ ႖ৡबჳჳ,֩:ݓ7۱Ӂြ֥ӁြࡗR&Dၮԛིႋሺཟбࢠٳ༅#545#і1 1997a1999a2000a2002ࠣ2005୍ݓ8۱Ӂြ֥൳ၭᆀིႋ൳ၭᆀིႋሹ൳ၭᆀིႋ(MB)Ӂြࡗ൳ၭᆀིႋ(OB)Ӂြ1997199920002002200519971999200020022005ֻ၂ӁြҐडြᇅᄯြિඣ*ࡹᇽြᄎҝႯ**ࣁವЌགఃӁြ*** ᇿ:(1)іᇏ֥ඔऌູঔն1000Пު֥ࢲݔb(2)*િඣြᆷ৯િగࠣඣ֥ളӁބ܂ႋြ;**ᄎҝႯြᆷᄎൻaҝԥaႯြ(ႻӫᄎൻҝԥႯြ);***ఃӁြᆷԢЧі෮ਙ֥భ7۱Ӂြຓ֥෮ႵӁြbі2 1997a1999a2000a2002ࠣ2005୍ݓ8۱ӁြR&D܊ངᆀིႋ܊ངᆀིႋሹ܊ངᆀིႋ(MF)Ӂြࡗ܊ངᆀིႋ(OF)Ӂြ1997199920002002200519971999200020022005ֻ၂ӁြҐडြᇅᄯြિඣ*ࡹᇽြᄎҝႯ**ࣁವЌགఃӁြ*** ᇿ:і1bֻ၂ӁြՖሱദ൳ၭбՖљ֥Ӂြ൳ၭေն,ః3 ݓ7۱Ӂြ֥ၮԛིႋ֥бࢠٳ༅6۱ӁြՖሱദ൳ၭေбՖљ֥Ӂြ֥൳ၭཬ;ሹ൳ၭᆀིႋ၂ᆰਙᄝభ3֥ᆺႵࡹᇽြ,ఃӁၹі1aі2ᇏ/ఃӁြ0Їও֥Ӂြࢠ؟,ܣြࡗ൳ၭᆀིႋᇔ໊ਙֻ1,ఃOBაMB֥бᆴࣇؓіᇏ֥భ7۱Ӂြ֥ၮԛིႋࣉྛٳ༅bٳ༅नᄝ%ၛഈ,ࠎЧӯ־ᄹሑ,ඪૼࡹᇽြᇏ෮ᆷ໊֥Ց൞οིႋඔᆴႮն֞ཬஆ֥ࢲݔbՖљ֥Ӂြ൳ၭቋն;ֻ၂Ӂြ֥ሹ൳ၭᆀིႋ໊ ၮԛིႋ֥бࢠՑഈശޓն,ቋު2୍໊ंֻ1,ఃӁြࡗ൳ၭᆀ(1)൳ၭᆀིႋбࢠིႋࠎЧ໊ंֻ7(Ԣਔ1997୍ֻ6ຓ),ఃOBაі1ཁൕ:7۱Ӂြ֥ሹ൳ၭᆀིႋᇏ,ᇅᄯMB֥бᆴࠎЧᄝ50%ၛ༯(Ԣ1997୍ູ%ြaࡹᇽြaᄎൻҝԥႯြᇯ୍༯ࢆ,Ґडြa৯ຓ),ӯ־ࡨሑ,ඪૼᇶေՖሱദӁြ൳ၭ,િగࠣඣ֥ളӁބ܂ႋြԢቋު၂୍(2005୍)ຓ,ሱദ൳ၭᄀটᄀն;Ґडြ֥Ӂြࡗ൳ၭᆀིႋః4୍ᇯ୍༯ࢆ,ࣁವЌགြၛ2003୍ູቋ֮ӯ၂ᆰ໊ंު3,ሹ൳ၭᆀིႋԢֻ1୍ֻ4ຓ,ఃགྷUሳྙ,ֻ၂Ӂြӯགྷѯশൔഈശྙ;Ӂြ۲୍ᄝֻ6a7໊,ఃOBაMB֥бᆴࠎЧᄝࡗ൳ၭᆀིႋᇏ,ֻ၂Ӂြaࡹᇽြᇯ୍༯ࢆ;ᇅᄯ54%ၛഈ(࣍2୍ղ֞94%ၛഈ),ࠎЧӯ־ᄹሑြaᄎൻҝԥႯြު4୍ᇯ୍༯ࢆ,Ґडြa৯,ھӁြᇶေՖљ֥Ӂြ൳ၭ;৯િగࠣඣ֥ളિగࠣඣ֥ളӁބ܂ႋြaࣁವЌགӯགྷѯশൔэӁބ܂ႋြ֥ሹ൳ၭᆀིႋ၂ᆰஆᄝު3,໊Ӂြ߄b۲Ӂြ֥ሹ൳ၭᆀིႋაఃӁြࡗ൳ၭᆀིႋࡗ൳ၭᆀིႋ໊֥Ցᄝభ3୍ٳਙ2a3,ު2୍ٳ֥э߄ሑঃࠎЧཌྷරbਙ5a4,ሹ൳ၭᆀིႋ໊Ց֮Ⴟ୍֥Ӂြࡗ൳۴ऌі1ඔऌ,࠹ෘႵܱࢲݔі3bၭᆀིႋ,ఃOB/აMB֥бᆴᄝ72%ၛഈ,ӯ־Ֆі3ुԛ,ު4୍֥OBაMB֥бᆴᆺႵֻᄹሑ,ඪૼՖљ֥Ӂြࠆ֤۷؟ི֥ႋ;ᇅᄯြ၂ӁြཬႿ50%,ఃӁြनնႿ50%,ඪૼᆺႵӁြࡗ൳ၭᆀིႋԢֻ1୍ຓ,ਙభ3໊,ః
#546#॓ ࿐ ࿐ ֻ࣮28ज OBაMB֥бᆴᄝ63%ၛഈ(Ԣֻ1୍ຓ)ࠎЧ,໊Ӂြࡗ൳ၭᆀིႋ໊ՑࠎЧᄝֻ2a3,໊໊Ցनӯ־ᄹሑ,ඪૼՖљ֥Ӂြࠆ֤۷؟ི֥ႋ;ᄎۚႿ୍֥ሹ൳ၭᆀིႋ,ఃOBაMB֥бᆴᄝൻaҝԥaႯြՖљ֥Ӂြࠆི֤ႋᇯ୍־ᄹ,࣍94%ၛഈ,ࠎЧӯ־ᄹሑ,ඪૼࠫެ൞Ֆљ2୍ᅝ֞ሹၭᆀིႋ82%ၛഈ;ࣁವЌགြ֥ሹ൳֥Ӂြࠆ֤۷؟ི֥ႋbၭᆀིႋႮభ3୍ֻ7໊ഈശູު2୍ֻ֥4a5і3 1997a1999a2000a2002a2005୍7۱ӁြႵܱ൳ၭᆀིႋ౦ঃ௹۲Ӂြ֥ሹ൳ၭᆀིႋ(MB)ࠣ௹۲Ӂြ֥Ӂြࡗ൳ၭᆀིႋ(OB)აӁြӁြࡗ൳ၭᆀིႋ(OB)ஆሹ൳ၭᆀིႋ(MB)֥бᆴ(%)1997199920002002200519971999200020022005ֻ၂Ӂြ6/7***5/72/71/71/Ґडြ4/56/66/67/67/ᇅᄯြ1/62/34/23/23/િඣ*5/24/25/36/55/ࡹᇽြ3/13/11/12/12/ᄎҝႯ**2/41/53/44/46/ࣁವЌག7/37/47/55/34/ ᇿ:***//0ݼభູMB໊֥Ց,//0ݼުູOB໊֥Ց,іᇏఃඔऌՎ;ఃі1b (2)܊ངᆀིႋбࢠ۱Ӂြؓሱദ֥܊ངնႿбؓљ֥Ӂြ܊ང;ᇅᄯі2ཁൕ,৯િగࠣඣ֥ളӁބ܂ႋြaᄎൻြaᄎൻҝԥႯြሹ܊ངᆀིႋބӁြࡗ܊ངᆀҝԥႯြ֥ሹ܊ངᆀིႋބӁြࡗ܊ངᆀིႋᇯིႋᄝభ3;ࡹᇽြaࣁವЌགြሹ܊ངᆀིႋ୍־ࡨ;Ґडြaᇅᄯြaࡹᇽြ֥ሹ܊ངᆀིႋބބӁြࡗ܊ངᆀིႋᄝު3;ֻ၂Ӂြሹ܊ངӁြࡗ܊ངᆀིႋԢቋު၂୍ຓ,नູᇯ୍־ࡨ;ֻᆀིႋބӁြࡗ܊ངᆀིႋ໊֥Ց୍࣍ഈശޓॹ,၂Ӂြ֥ሹ܊ངᆀིႋބӁြࡗ܊ངᆀིႋު3୍ު2୍ᅝंֻ1໊;ᇅᄯြؓљ֥Ӂြ܊ངᅝሹ܊ᄝᇯ୍ิۚb۲Ӂြ֥ሹ൳ၭᆀིႋაఃӁြࡗ൳ངᆀིႋ֥70%ၛഈ,ູ۲Ӂြᆭ൮;Ԣᇅᄯြຓၭᆀིႋ֥э߄ሑঃޓཌྷරb֥ӁြؓఃӁြ֥܊ངन҂ӑݖ41%;ࡹᇽြؓ۴ऌі2ඔऌ,࠹ෘႵܱࢲݔі4bఃӁြ֥܊ངቋ֮;ࣁವЌགြؓఃӁြ֥܊Ֆі4֤ԛ:۲Ӂြ֥ሹ܊ངᆀིႋაӁြࡗངՑ;֮৯િగࠣඣ֥ളӁބ܂ႋြؓఃӁြ܊ངᆀིႋ໊֥Ցޓཌྷර(໊Ցᅝ80%,ҵ1۱֥܊ངбࣁವЌགြնུ,бֻ၂ӁြaҐडြaᄎ໊Ցᅝ20%);ᆺႵᇅᄯြOFაMFбᆴᄝ50%ၛൻҝԥႯြཬ;ֻ၂ӁြaҐडြaᄎൻҝԥႯഈ,ః6۱Ӂြ֥бᆴᄝ50%ၛ༯,ඪૼᆺႵြؓఃӁြ֥܊ང࣍රbᇅᄯြؓљ֥Ӂြ܊ངնႿؓሱദ֥܊ང,ః6і4 1997a1999a2000a2002ࠣ2005୍7۱ӁြႵܱ܊ངᆀིႋ౦ঃ௹۲Ӂြ֥ሹ܊ངᆀིႋ(MF)ࠣ௹۲Ӂြ֥Ӂြࡗሹ܊ངᆀིႋ(OF)აӁြӁြࡗ܊ངᆀིႋ(OF)ஆሹ܊ངᆀིႋ(MF)֥бᆴ(%)1997199920002002200519971999200020022005ֻ၂Ӂြ4/4***2/21/21/11/Ґडြ3/24/45/56/56/ᇅᄯြ1/11/12/12/22/િඣ*5/55/54/44/44/ࡹᇽြ6/66/66/65/75/ᄎҝႯ**2/33/33/33/33/ࣁವЌག7/77/77/77/67/ ᇿ:***//0ݼభູMF໊֥Ց,//0ݼުູOF໊֥Ց,іᇏఃඔऌՎ;ఃі ၮԛིႋ֥ٳ༅ᆀིႋࠇӯࠇࠎЧӯ༯ࢆሑbሹ൳ၭᆀིႋ֥ࢆԢֻ၂ӁြaࣁವЌགြຓ,ఃӁြ֥ሹ൳ၭ֮ᇶေ൞Ӂြሱദ൳ၭིႋࢆ֮෮ᇁbၹູMBࢆ
ֻ4௹ݢ ႖ৡबჳჳ,֩:ݓ7۱Ӂြ֥ӁြࡗR&Dၮԛིႋሺཟбࢠٳ༅#547#֮ੱ֮ႿMB-OB֥ࢆ֮ੱbሹ܊ངᆀིႋ൞ӁҐडြ൞ᆷ۽ြᇏՖሱಖࢸषҐ۲ᇕჰਘaಗြࡗ܊ངᆀིႋაӁြሱദ܊ངིႋ܋႕ཙ֥ࢲਘ֥҆bఃসؓའᆰࢤ౼Ⴟሱಖ,ࠧ൞ໃࣜದݔ,Ⴟٳਆᆀؓሹ܊ངᆀིႋ֥႕ཙӱ؇նཬbোসቔႨݖ֥ሱಖሧჷbႮႿ֥সؓའؓ۽οOB/MB֥ᆴބOF/MF֥ᆴஆࢲݔ,ࡼ7ऎaഡС֥ေбࢠ,ۚ۷؟֥၇ঠఃӁြ֥Ӯ۱ӁြٳӮၛ༯4۱ো֥Ӂြ,ఃᇏ൳ၭჷႿሱݔ,ൈ,ሱദ֥Ӂԛ္߶ູᇙ؟Ӂြ෮Ⴈbദࢠն൞ᆷOB/MB֥ᆴஆᄝު૫,ؓљ֥Ӂြ܊৯િగࠣඣ֥ളӁބ܂ႋြႮႿཌྷؓ৫֥ངࢠն൞ᆷOF/MF֥ᆴஆᄝభ૫bჰၹ,ఃӮູোÒ֥ӁြbোÑ,ሱ৫܊ང,ࠧ൳ၭჷႿሱദࢠն,ؓࣁವЌགြaࡹᇽြ൞ູఃӁြิ܂ڛༀࠇљ֥Ӂြ܊ངࢠն֥ӁြbᇶေႵ:ֻ၂Ӂြaᇅᄯ่ࡱ֥Ӂြ,ૌࡼཚ൳֞ఃӁြ֥ԷྍӮݔ,ᆃြaᄎൻҝԥႯြbུӮݔࡼ՜ࣉЧӁြ֥ؿᅚbֻ၂Ӂြ൳ၭႿሱദб൳ၭႿљ֥Ӂြն(OB/MB<50%),ሹ൳ၭᆀིႋࢠն(ު3୍MB໊ंభ4 ࢲંࠣࡹၰ2),ሹ܊ངᆀིႋࢠն(ު3୍MF໊ंֻ1);ᇅᄯြ܊ང۳љ֥Ӂြб۳ሱ࠭Ӂြն(OF/๙ݖഈඍٳ༅,֤֞ݓӁြ֥ၮԛིႋࢲંMF>50%),ሹ൳ၭᆀིႋࢠն(MBࠎЧ໊ंభೂ༯:3),ሹ܊ངᆀིႋ္ն(MF໊ंభ2);(1)۲Ӂြ֥ၮԛིႋࠎЧᄝ҂؎֥эཬbႮᄎൻҝԥႯြ֥ሹ܊ངᆀིႋࢠն(MF໊Ӂြሱദ൳ၭིႋࡨഒӱ؇ࢠն,ඪૼӁြଽࠆ֤ंֻ3)bၮԛིႋ֥؇ࡆնࠇࠆ֤ၮԛིႋ෮ڱսࡎᄹোÒ,ሱܤሱ,ࠧ൳ၭჷႿሱദࢠն,ؓљնb֥Ӂြ܊ངࢠཬ֥Ӂြb৯િగࠣඣ֥ളӁބ܂(2)۲Ӂြ֥ၮԛིႋᄝ҂؎ؿളэ߄,ऎႋြࣼ൞ᆃোӁြ,֥ሹ൳ၭᆀིႋࢠཬ(MB໊Ⴕ၂ק֥໗קྟb໗קჷႿӁြหྟथקၮԛིႋंު3),ሹ܊ངᆀིႋंᇏ(ު3୍MF໊ंֻ4)b֥หׄbোÓ,ᆩضБ,ࠧ൳ၭჷႿљ֥ӁြࢠఒြࠇᆟکႵܱ҆ႋԉٳಪ്۲Ӂြၮԛིն,ؓљ֥Ӂြ܊ངࢠն֥ӁြbҐडြඋႿᆃোႋ,ԉٳ০Ⴈఃหׄ,ؿߨః՜ࣉࣜ࠶ࡹഡބࣜ࠶ؿӁြ,֥ሹ൳ၭᆀིႋࢠཬ(MBࠎЧ໊ंު2),ᅚ֥ࠒࠞቔႨbሹ܊ངᆀིႋࢠཬ(ު3୍MF໊ंު3)bؓোÑሱ৫܊ངӁြط,҂ିᆷຬ๙ݖোÔ,ᆺᆩ෬౼,ࠧ൳ၭჷႿљ֥Ӂြࢠљ֥ӁြؿᅚջটЧӁြ֥ࢠնؿᅚ,ࡆնሱദ֥ն,ؓљ֥Ӂြ܊ངࢠཬ֥ӁြbᇶေႵ:ࣁವЌགೆ൞՜ࣉሱദӁြॹؿᅚ֥Ⴕིٚم;ቔູᆟြaࡹᇽြbکႵܱ҆ႋࡆնؓՎোӁြ֥ೆ,ॖ๙ݖᆟکࣁವЌགြ֥ሹ൳ၭᆀིႋࢠཬ(MBࠎЧ໊ᆰࢤೆ,္ॖ๙ݖᇅקބൌീ۲ᇕᆟҦࠇҐႨ۲ंު3),ሹ܊ངᆀིႋቋཬ(MF໊ंֻ7)bᇕ൭؍ܝৣЧোӁြሱദࠇఃӁြؓᆃোఒြ֥ࡹᇽြ֥ሹ൳ၭᆀིႋࢠն(MB໊ंభ3),ೆ,ೆᄀ؟,ఃӁြ൳ၭࣼᄀն,ࣜ࠶ؿᅚ္ሹ܊ངᆀིႋቋࢠཬ(MF໊ंު3)bࣼᄀॹ;ఃӁြႋ࣐ॖି֥ҐႨଖུٚൔ,ູᆃোֻ၂Ӂြ൞ࠎԤྟ֥Ӂြ,ఃӁԛቔູఃӁြೆ၂ק֥ሧࣁ,ᆃ۱ೆ൞ູਔሱദӁြ۷Ӂြ,Ⴍః൞۽ြ֥ჰਘbၹՎ,ఃӁြ֥Ӯݔ҂ॹ۷ݺ֥ؿᅚbၞФ০Ⴈ,֥൳ၭࠎЧ၇ঠႿሱദ֥,ೆ֥ؓোÒ֥Ӂြط,ေಪ്,֞ሱദ֥ೆсӮݔॖၛູޓ؟Ӂြ෮ཚႨbᇅᄯြᄝၛ༵ࣉ֥҂ॖഒ,҂ಖӁြ֥ؿᅚࣼေ൳֞႕ཙ;ቔູᆟکႵඌልСڿᄯఃӁြ֥ൈ္ᄝڿᄯሱ࠭,൞ิ܂ܱ҆ႋܝৣھোӁြሱദೆ,ᄝᆃোӁြؿᅚളӁഡСaস۽ऎ֥ӁြbՖଖᇕӱ؇ഈ,აֻᇌުൈ,ေൡֹ֒ೆ၂ק֥ሧࣁ,ړӻؿᅚ,၂ӁြႵࢠն֥܋ׄbᄎൻҝԥႯြູఃӁఃିܔൡႋᆜ۱ࣜ࠶ؿᅚ֥ླေbြิ܂ڛༀ֥Ӂြ,ఃሱദ֥ြༀཌྷؓбࢠ৫bؓোÓᆩضБӁြط,ܱᇿఃӁြ෮ၛေ၇ঠሱദ֥ೆࠆ֤ؿᅚ,ఃӮݔ߶ູ֥Էྍ,࣐ᄪႨԷྍӮݔ൞՜ࣉЧӁြؿᅚ֥ႵఃӁြ෮ཚ൳bིٚم,ؓఃӁြ၂ק֥,ೆ߶՜ࣉЧӁြ֥ؿ
#548#॓ ࿐ ࿐ ֻ࣮28ज ᅚ;ᆟکေܝৣᆃোӁြࠒࠞཟఃӁြࣉྛೆ,[5] NadiriMI,-ေܱᇿᆃোӁြ֥ؿᅚ,҂ି֮ܙᆃোӁြؓഠ߶structureandR&DCapitalontheCostStructureand֥܊ང[R].Pa-ؓোÔ֥ӁြطperPresentedattheNBERSummerInstitute,,္ႋܱᇿఃӁြ֥Էྍ,࣐ᄪႨԷྍӮݔ,ູఃӁြࣉྛ၂ק֥-57.ೆ[6] &DIncentivesandSpilloversinaTow-,՜ࣉఃӁြԷྍӮݔ֥࣮Ⴈ,Ⴕ০Ⴟ՜ࣉIndustryModel[R].IndustrialEconomicsandInterna-ЧӁြሱദ֥ؿᅚ;ᆟکေܝৣᆃোӁြࠒࠞཟఃtionalManagementSeries,DiscussionPaper,Ӂြࣉྛೆ,ЌՎোӁြཟఃӁြೆ֥-488.ࠒࠞྟb[7] -IndustryR&DSpilloversbetweenVert-iၮԛིႋ൞၂ᇕग़ܴթᄝ,ೂޅ۷ݺֹؿߨcallyRelatedIndustries:IncentivesStrategicAspectand֥ቔႨ൞၂ཛླေӉ௹ಪᆇ࣮֥ज़ีbconsequences[R].UniversityofAugsburgdiscussionpaper,-150.ҕॉ໓ང[8] &DSpillovers,Cooperation,:MarketStructure,andInnovation[R].WorkingPaper,[1] ᆢ֣ძ,ᅠ.R&D֥ၮԛིႋ࣮[J].Кࣘ:ᇏݓೈ॓࿐-30.,2002,(9):77-81.[9] ErikDietzenbacher,&Dex-[2] ศ.ࠎႿR&Dၮԛ֥Ӂြࠢऊ࣮[D].ଲࣘ:תଲն࿐penditures[J].EconomicSystemsResearch,2002,4:,-425.[3] -n[10] ᅦޣ༩,ڈض.R&D҆ࡗၮԛིႋࠣᇏૅರeteconomy[J].JournalofEconomicTheory,1969,ݓ֥бࢠٳ༅[J].ն৵۽ն࿐࿐Б(ഠ߶॓࿐1:397-415.ϱ),2005,(2):17-22.[4] AspremontC,-ativeR&D[11] ႃ࣡,ྍౄ.ᇏݓֹ(ᇅᄯြྛြ)ࡗ֥ඌၮinduopolywithspillovers[J].AmericanE-conomicResearch,1988,78:1133-1137ԛٳ༅[J].࠶ଲ:Ӂြࣜ࠶࣮,2006,(1):1-10..Verticalanalysisoftheinter-industryR&DspilloversinsevenindustriesofChinaHANYing,LILi-jun,HUAYuan-yuan,SUNZhi-min(NortheasternUniversity,Shenyang110004,China)Abstract:TheR&Dspillovermeansthatbecauseofthenon-monopolizationoftheknowledge,theknowledgediffusestoothercompa-ny,&Dspilloveristheintra-industryR&Dspilloverinacountryoranarea,anotherformisinter-industryR&&-industryR&DspillovereffectwithI-Omethod,includingtheR&Dspilloverbenefactoreffect,theR&,itanalyzethein-ter-industryR&Dspillovereffectof1997,1999,2000,-industryR&Dspil-lovereffect,itcanhelptoknowthestatusandthespecialtyoftheindustrystructurechange,ithasaveryimportantrealsensetoconst-itutecorrespondingR&:R&Dspillover;industry;I-Omethod
