ᇏݓള୪ြ࿐Б 2010୍1ᄅ ֻ18ज ֻ1௹ Chinese Journal of Eco-Agriculture, Jan. 2010, 18(1): 185−188 DOI: *ᇏݓਁൊളӁაཨٮᇏ֥ྴඣޙэ߄࣮ 1,211邹 君 胡 娟 杨玉蓉 (1. ޙဝഽٓ࿐ჽሧჷߌა੪Ⴓܵ༢ ޙဝ 421008; 2. ଲഽٓն࿐ሧჷߌ॓࿐࿐ჽ Ӊ೬ 410081) ᅋ ေ 为优化我国粮食生产水资源利用的空间配置, 运用虚拟水分析方法, 多尺度分析我国近十年粮食生产和消费中的虚拟水含量空间分布动态变化规律。结果表明: 北方粮食生产虚拟水量呈上升趋势, 由1998年33的3 亿m上升到2007年的3 亿m, 上升幅度达%; 南方粮食生产虚拟水量则呈下降趋势, 由331998年的3 亿m下降到2007年的2 亿m, 下降幅度达%。1998~2006年, 全国粮食消费虚拟水增长%, 年均增长%。北方增长速度快, 9年间增长%, 而南方则只增长%。近十年全国粮食生产与消费的虚拟水平衡整体表现为负。南方的虚拟水平衡一直为负, 且数值呈上升趋势, 北方虚拟水平衡态势则整体表现为正。粮食生产和消费的虚拟水资源“北水南调”现象稳定存在, 且有增强趋势。其中, 东北是虚拟水资源“北水南调”的实质性调出区, 黄淮海、华北、东南和华南为实质性调入区。研究结果说明, 从水资源的角度看, 我国当前的粮食生产和消费格局存在较大问题, 需要进行适当调整。 ܱՍ 粮食 生产 消费 虚拟水 平衡 ᇏٳোݼ: ໓ངѓ്: A ໓ᅣщݼ: 1671-3990(2010)01-0185-04 Dynamic law of virtual water equilibrium for foodstuff production and consumption in China 1,2 11ZOU Jun, HU Juan, YANG Yu-Rong (1. School of Environment and Resources, Hengyang Normal University, Hengyang 421008, China; 2. College of Resource and Environment Science, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, China) Abstract In order to optimize spatial allocation of water resources, spatial distribution dynamics of virtual water for foodstuff pro-duction, consumption and their equilibrium in China for 1998~2007 were analyzed. The analysis shows that North China outputs 8 38 3increasing virtual water for foodstuff production from 3 ×10m in 1998 to 3 ×10m in 2007. On the other hand, South 8 38 3China shows the opposite trend where virtual water for foodstuff production declines from 3 ×10m in 1998 to 2 ×10m in 2007. There is % growth of virtual water consumption for foodstuff from 1998 to 2006 in China. The north has % growth of virtual water consumption for foodstuff while the south has only % growth. Virtual water equilibrium for foodstuff production and consumption is negative in China. However, the south and the north have different trends. The south has an increasing negative equilibrium trend whereas the opposite is the case for the north. The North-South Water Diversion of virtual water in China has an increasing significant implication for foodstuff production and consumption. The northeast is a typical virtual water output region whereas Huang-Huai-Hai, North China, Southeast and South China are typical virtual water input regions. From the perspective of water resources, the study shows that foodstuff production and consumption pattern in China has some problems that requires proper adjustment. Key words Foodstuff, Production, Consumption, Virtual water, Equilibrium (Received May 21, 2009; accepted Aug. 10, 2009) [1]1993୍ႇݓ॓࿐ࡅAllan提出虚拟水的概念, ೆᇏݓ, ଢభྴඣၘӮູݓଽຓඣሧჷࠣཌྷܱਵ[2]2003年ӧݓׯჽൖࡼྴඣބྴඣᅞනམႄთ֥࣮ಣׄ, ࣮ଽಸᇶေࠢᇏᄝӁ֥ྴඣ * ࢝ტ҆ದ໓ഠ॓ཛଢ(08JA790033)aଲസ࢝ტ๏ౝ୍ཛଢ(08B008)aଲസದ໓ֹᇗׄࡹഡህြཛଢބଲസۚ॓Էྍؒ ᆦӻ࠹߃ሧᇹ ሻब(1973~), ଳ, ڬ࢝൱, Ѱൖള, ᇶေՖ൙ඣሧჷ০Ⴈათࣜ࠶ٚ૫֥࣮b൬۠ರ௹: 2009-05-21 ࢤ൳ರ௹: 2009-08-10
186 ᇏݓള୪ြ࿐Б 2010 ֻ18ज [3]ਈ߄ၛࠣთྴඣᅞ֥ۀଽݤaൌീ่ࡱaਘႨਁa۽ြႨਁaᇕሰႨਁaݻၛࠣࣉԛ१֩b[4−6][7−8]ൌീིݔ֩ࠎԤં໙ีބඣቀࠖaྴඣఃᇏܱႿਁൊࣉԛ१ٳ༅၂ϮႨႿݓࡅᆜุ֥܂ླ[9−11]સၞࠣఃၩၬaྴඣᅞაඣሧჷࠣਁൊνޙٳ༅, ၹՎЧ໓҂ॉ੮ࣉԛ१ᆃ၂ၹbႿ[12−13]ಆ֩ྴඣބྴඣᅞ֥ႋႨ࣮bྴඣ۽ြႨਁၛᆰࢤ࠹ෘ, Ч໓ࡼบaࣵ֩۽ြႨਁᅞ֥ൌᇉ൞๙ݖඣૡࠢӁ֥સၞটൌགྷඣሧބ१ਁ֥࠹ෘ٢ᄝ၂ఏ, ӫᆭູࡅ๖Ⴈਁbთਁჷ֥ॢࡗᇂbਁൊ൞ቋູׅ֥ඣૡࠢӁ, ൊཨٮਈ=ࡅ๖Ⴈਁ+ਘႨਁ+ᇕሰႨਁ+ਁൊ֥[15]ᄝྴඣᅞൌീݖӱᇏϲဆᇗေ࢘bྴඣაݻbਁൊཨٮਈ֥࠹ෘҕᅶԫ֥֩ཌྷܱ࣮ݓ(ࠇთ)ਁൊνಆܱ༢࣮ၘ౼֤၂ུԚ҄ӮӮݔ: ࡅ๖Ⴈਁ=୪ըದ१Ⴈਁ+Ӭ൧ದ१ᄝࡅႨਁݔ, ൞, ႵܱݓთࡗਁൊളӁބཨٮᇏ֥ྴ+۽ြႨਁ; ਘႨਁ=ᇬಽᇗਈ+ಽᇗඣੀބޙٚ૫ߎಌكࢠູ༢֥࣮bთਈ+ရಽᇗਈ+ౚಽᇗਈ+ౚ֑ᇗਁൊളӁބཨٮᇏ֥ྴඣޙ࣮ؓႿݓ҂+ଯᇗ+ඣӁᇗਈ; ᇕሰႨਁ=ඣ֟ᇕ−2თྴඣᅞ֥ൌീࠣྴඣᅞМࣟ༯҂ᆱ૫ࠒ m+ཬચᇕᆱ૫ࠒ −2−2თႋؓծീ֥ᇅקऎႵ٤ӈᇗေ֥གྷൌၩၬb m+ზᇕᆱ૫ࠒ m; ਁൊݻ=ਁൊӁਈ%bቋު, ࠹ෘ۲୍؇თ1 研究区域划分及研究方法 ྴඣ֥ޙਈ: ਁൊളӁაཨٮ֥ྴඣޙ= ࣮თ߃ٳ ਁൊളӁ֥ྴඣਈ−ਁൊཨٮ֥ྴඣਈ, ࢲݔЧ࣮ၛᇏݓଽ31۱സa൧aሱᇍ(ໃЇູڵіൕთླေՖຓֹൻೆਁൊྴඣbЧ࣮ֆওຖaཐۖބϏ)ູቋཬ࣮ֆჭ, ѩҕᅶ໓ང໊ਁൊྴඣݣਈ൞ՖളӁֹ֥࢘؇ࣉྛ࠹ෘb [12]൮༵ࡼಆݓ߃ٳູКٚބଲٚਆ۱1ࠩ, ᄝՎ2 中国区域粮食生产与消费中的虚拟水平ࠎԤഈ, οᅶֹ໊ᇂaగީ่ࡱa୪ြളӁሑঃ衡动态变化 ၛࠣაԮთ߃ٳଆൔЌӻ၂ᇁ֥ჰᄵ, ࣉ၂҄༥ٳູ8۱2ࠩ, ఃᇏКֹٚЇওКaתК თਁൊളӁᇏ֥ྴඣਈэ߄ ߛ߉ݚބ༆К, ଲֹٚЇওתଲaӉࡾᇏ༯Ⴓ୍ֹູ࣮࣍টݓਁൊളӁྴඣॢࡗٳ֥҃aଲބ༆ଲ(і1)b э߄ܿੰ, ၇ऌࢫᇏ૭ඍ֥ٚم, ࿊౼ 1998~2007୍֥ਁൊӁਈඔऌ, ࠹ෘԛ୍࣍۲ٳ表1 研究区域划分概况 ਁൊളӁ֥ྴඣݣਈ(і2)bႮі2ॖᆩ, 1998~ Tab. 1 Division of the study region 2007୍10୍ࡗ, ಆݓၛਁൊളӁູᄛุ֥ྴඣਈസa൧aሱᇍ 1ࠩ 2ࠩ Province, city or ҂؎ѯ, նุӯ༵ࢆުശ, ሹุ༯ࢆ൝bRegion Sub-region autonomous 1998~2003୍ࡗ, ႮႿᇭ؟ၹ֥႕ཙ, ݓਁൊӁКٚ תК Northeast ଽܞaୡaࠝਟaޑࡾ North ਈ৵୍༯ࢆ, ਁൊളӁ֥ྴඣਈ္Ⴎ1998୍֥ К North China Кࣘa฿ࣃa༆ 33ߛ߉ݚ 6 ၡm༯ࢆ֞2003୍֥5 ၡm; 2003ފКaފଲaתaνߪ Huang-Huai-Hai ୍ၛުᄝᇏနਁൊളӁᆟҦ֥Տࠗ༯, ಆݓၛਁൊ༆К Northwest ༆aۅaౝݚaୡ༱aྍࡿ ളӁູᄛุ֥ྴඣਈᇯࡶ߭ശ, ֞2007୍ղ֞࣍ଲٚתଲ Southeast ഈݚaᆄࡾaڞࡹ 3South Ӊࡾᇏ༯Ⴓ 6 000ၡm, ഉໃ߫گ֞1998୍֥ൎቋۚඣb ࡾ්aКaଲaࡾ༆ Yangtze River ႮՎॖ, ݓਁൊളӁ֥ྴඣਈ൳ᇭ؟ၹ႕ ଲ South China ܼתaܼ༆aݚଲ ཙၞӁളѯ, ᆃؓݓۄݬಌඣֹྴඣᅞ༆ଲ Southwest ᇗ౩aඹԫaᇜaᄉଲa༆ҟ ֥Ⴕིൌീ߶Ӂള၂ק႕ཙ, ࣉط႕ཙݓหљ ൞ඣሧჷᇗ؋ಌֹ֥ඣሧჷνಆb ࣮ٚم ൮༵, ๙ݖᇏݓ࠹୍(1999~2008)ބҌᆽՖଲКਆ۱1ࠩु, 10୍ࡗКٚၛਁൊູᄛ[14]֥࣮֩Ӯݔٳљࠆ౼୍࣍۲സࠩྛᆟთਁุ֥ྴඣਈሹุӯഈശ൝, Ⴎ1998୍֥3 ൊӁਈބֆ໊ᇉਈਁൊ֥ྴඣݣਈඔऌ; ఃՑ, ၡmഈശ֞2007୍֥3 ၡm, ᄹࡆၡ3࠹ෘ۲୍؇ਁൊളӁބཨٮ֥ྴඣሹਈ: ਁൊളm, ᄹږղ%bඪૼКٚਁൊളӁᄝಆݓֹ໊֥Ӂ֥ྴඣሹਈ=ਁൊӁਈֆ໊ਁൊ֥ྴඣݣ҂؎ഈശ, ರၭӮູݓਁൊྴඣ֥ൻԛbطਈ; ਁൊཨٮ֥ྴඣሹਈ=ਁൊཨٮਈֆ໊ਁଲٚਁൊളӁྴඣਈሹุӯ༯ࢆ൝, Ⴎ1998୍33ൊ֥ྴඣݣਈbਁൊӁਈႮܡaোބো֥3 ၡm༯ࢆ֞2007୍֥2 ၡm, ࡨ3ᆀܒӮ; ਁൊཨٮਈԢंൊႨཨٮຓ, ߎЇওഒၡm, ࢆږղ%bඪૼݓଲٚਁൊ
ֻ1௹ ሻ ब֩: ᇏݓਁൊളӁაཨٮᇏ֥ྴඣޙэ߄࣮ 187 表2 1998~2007年各区域粮食生产的虚拟水含量 83 Tab. 2 Virtual water contents of foodstuff production of each region during 1998~2007 10m ֹ Region 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 תК Northeast 1 К North China ߛ߉ݚ Huang-Huai-Hai 1 1 1 1 ༆К Northwest КٚNorth 3 2 2 3 תଲ Southeast Ӊࡾᇏ༯Ⴓ Yangtze River 1 1 1 1 ଲ South China ༆ଲ Southwest ଲٚSouth 3 3 3 2 ಆݓ China 6 6 5 6 ളӁֹ໊҂؎༯ࢆ, ರၭӮູݓਁൊྴඣ֥ൻ୍नᄹӉ%bඪૼෛሢದ१֥ᄹࡆބളࠃඣೆb୍࣍ট, ݓଽၹਁൊളӁ෮֝ᇁ֥ྴඣ֥ิۚ, ಆݓਁൊཨٮਈ҂؎ᄹࡆ, ݓ֥ਁൊνሧჷoКඣଲטpགྷའіགྷ֤ᄀটᄀૼཁb ಆ৯҂؎ᄹնb 10୍ࡗ, 8۱2ࠩᇏ, ߛ߉ݚaתКaӉࡾᇏՖଲКਆ۱1ࠩთु, 10୍ࡗଲٚބКֹٚ༯ႳਁൊളӁ֥ྴඣਈѯࢠն, ఃᇏߛ߉ݚބਁൊཨٮ֥ྴඣਈनӯഈശ൝, КٚᄹӉ֥Ӊࡾᇏ༯Ⴓᄝࣜࢠնږ؇֥༵ࢆުശэ߄ު, ؇۷ॹ, 1998୍ᇀ2006୍9୍ࡗᄹӉ%, طଲᇔໃ߫گ֞1998୍֥ቋۚඣ, ሹุӯ༯ࢆ൝; ֹٚࣇᄹӉ%bᆃაݓଲК֥ٚႂൊ༝ܸaתКਁൊളӁྴඣਈ֥э൝ࢠູห, ሹӁြࢲܒэ֩ၹႵܱbھགྷའ֥ԛགྷ၂קӱ؇ഈ3ุӯഈശ൝, Ⴎ1998୍֥ၡmഈശ֞2007ࡨਔݓਁൊളӁྴඣሧჷoКඣଲטpགྷའb 3୍֥1 ၡm, ᄹږۚղ%, ӮູݓК8۱2ࠩᇏתКaߛ߉ݚa༆ଲބଲ4ٚᄹӉ఼࣑֥ᇶေਁൊྴඣൻԛbః5۱2ਁൊཨٮ֥ྴඣਈሹุӯഈശ൝, ਁൊླᄹࠩਁൊྴඣਈѯࢠཬ, ሹุഈӯ༯ࢆࡆбࢠૼཁ; Кބתଲᄵሹุഈӯ༯ࢆ൝, ൝bఃᇏ, К֥ٚ༆КބК10୍ࡗਁൊളӁྴط༆КބӉࡾᇏ༯ႳᄵࠎЧЌӻ໗קሑb ඣЌӻཌྷؓ໗ק, طଲ֥ٚଲބתଲӯࢠն თਁൊളӁބཨٮᇏ֥ྴඣޙэ߄ ږ؇༯ࢆ൝, ӮູݓᄹӉ؇ቋॹ֥ᇶေਁൊ၇ऌࢫᇏ֥ٚم, ࠹ෘ୍࣍۲თਁൊྴඣൻೆb ളӁაཨٮྴඣޙਈ, і4b Ⴎі4ॖᆩ, 10୍ࡗԢ2000୍ބ2007୍Ⴕഒ თਁൊཨٮᇏ֥ྴඣਈэ߄ ୍ູ࣮࣍টݓਁൊཨٮྴඣॢࡗٳ֥҃ਈ႔Ⴥຓ, ಆݓਁൊളӁაཨٮ֥ྴඣޙᆜุэ߄ܿੰ, ၇ऌࢫᇏ૭ඍ֥ٚم, ࿊౼іགྷູॢbඪૼݓਁൊളӁᆜุഈ҂ିሱ۳, ླ1998~2007୍֥ඔऌ, ࠹ෘԛ୍࣍۲თਁൊཨေ၇ঠݓຓࣉ१টЌᅰݓ֥ਁൊνಆb2004୍ၛٮ֥ྴඣਈ(і3)b ট, ݓࡅਁൊҀ์ᆟҦՏࠗਔᇕਁ୪֥ࠒࠞྟ, ಆႮі3ॖᆩ, 10୍ࡗ, ಆݓਁൊཨٮ֥ྴඣਈݓਁൊളӁބཨٮ֥ྴඣޙॢඔਈႵ෮ࡨഒb ሹุӯഈശ൝bஆԢ2007୍ᇗொ֥֮అၳᆴ, ՖଲКਆ۱1ࠩु, ଲٚਁൊളӁაཨٮ֥1998୍ᇀ2006୍, ಆݓਁൊཨٮྴඣᄹӉ%, ྴඣޙ၂ᆰູڵ, ඔᆴӯഈശ൝; طКٚ 表3 1998~2007年各区域粮食虚拟水消费量 83 Tab. 3 Virtual water contents of foodstuff consumption of each region during 1998~2007 10m ֹ Region 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 תК Northeast К North China ߛ߉ݚ Huang-Huai-Hai 1 1 1 1 1 ༆К Northwest КٚNorth 2 2 2 2 3 תଲ Southeast Ӊࡾᇏ༯Ⴓ Yangtze River 1 1 1 1 1 ଲ South China ༆ଲ Southwest 1 1 1 1 ଲٚSouth 3 3 3 3 3 ಆݓ China 6 6 5 6 6
188 ᇏݓള୪ြ࿐Б 2010 ֻ18ज 表4 1998~2007年各区域粮食虚拟水平衡表 83 Tab. 4 Foodstuff virtual water equilibrium sheet of each region from 1998 to 2007 10m ֹ Region 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 תК Northeast − К North China − − − − − − − − − − ߛ߉ݚ − − − − − − − Huang-Huai-Hai ༆К Northwest − − − − − − − Кٚ North − − תଲ Southeast − − − − − − − − − − Ӊࡾᇏ༯Ⴓ − − − − − − Yangtze River ଲ South China − − − − − − − − − − ༆ଲ Southwest − − − − − − − − − ଲٚ South − − − − − − − − − − ಆݓ China − − − − − − − − ֥ྴඣޙ൝ᄵࠎЧഈіགྷູᆞ(2001୍ބࡗٓຶb 2003୍Ԣຓ), 2004୍ၛটᄹӉ൝఼࣑(൳ݓࡅ参考文献 ਁൊҀ์ᆟҦ႕ཙ)bሸކॉ੮ਁൊ֥ളӁބཨٮ, [1] Allan J A. Virtual water: A long term solution for water short ୍࣍ট, КֹٚࠎЧϲဆྴඣൻԛ࢘, طMiddle Eastern economies? [EB/OL].[2005-03-12] http:// ଲֹٚᄵູྴඣൻೆ, ၹطਁൊളӁބཨٮ֥ Ֆэ߄ ൝ഈु, ྴඣሧჷoКඣଲטpགྷའႵᄹ఼൝b [2] ӱݓׯ. ྴඣ: ᇏݓඣሧჷνಆᅞ֥ྍනਫ਼[J]. ᇏݓ॓࿐ჽჽ़, 2003, 18(4): 260−265 Ֆ8۱2ࠩु, 10୍ࡗࣇתК֥ਁൊളӁ[3] Hoekstra A Y, Hung P Q. Virtual water trade: A quantification აཨٮ֥ྴඣޙູᆞ(1998୍Ԣຓ), ඔᆴӯof virtual water flows between nations in relation to interna-ഈശ൝bቔູ၂۱ඣሧჷѩ҂ԉღ֥თ, תКtional crop trade[C]//Value of water research report serie ູݓ֥ਁൊνಆބඣሧჷνಆቓԛਔऍն܊ང. Netherlands, Delft: UNESCO-IHE Institute for Water ߛ߉ݚބКᆜุіགྷູڵ, ༆КࠎЧनޙbEducation, 2003 [4] โਅ. ྴඣᅞ֥ࣜ࠶࿐ࢳiiбࢠႪ൝ં֥၂ܣݓਁൊളӁބཨٮ֥ྴඣሧჷoКඣଲטp۱ٳ༅ॿࡏ[J]. ࣜ࠶࿐ࡅ, 2008, 20(5): 39−47 ᇶေุགྷᄝתК֥ଲטbଲٚ4ԢӉࡾᇏ༯Ⴓ[5] Dabrowski J M. Agricultural impacts on water quality and Ⴕ႔Ⴥຓ, ః3नູڵ, ఃᇏ, ଲބתଲimplications for virtual water trading decisions[J]. Ecol Econ, 2ӯᄹӉ൝, ඪૼఃਁൊሱ۳ି৯ᄀটᄀ, Ӯ2008, 7: 16−23 [6] ሻब, ဗზಳ, ߛԆ. ᇏݓთྴඣᅞႪ൝؇ࡎູݓྴඣሧჷoКඣଲטp֥ᇶေ൳oඣpb [J]. ֹ॓࿐, 2009, 29(1): 78−82 [7] Chapagain A K, Orr S. An improved water footprint method-3 结论与讨论 ology linking global consumption to local water resources: A ᄎႨྴඣٳ༅ٚم, ؓݓ୍࣍ၹਁൊളcase of Spanish tomatoes[J]. Journal of Environmental Man-Ӂބཨٮ֝ᇁ֥ྴඣੀܿੰࣉྛਔٳ༅bagement, 2008, 6: 6−12 [8] ྍ, ྷᇏ, ι. ᇏݓ2000୍ඣቀ֥ࠖԚ҄࠹ෘݓਁൊളӁބཨٮᇏ֥oКඣଲטpགྷའ൞࣍ٳ༅[J]. Ѣԫײ, 2005, 27(5): 774−780 ୍টթᄝ֥௴ђ໙ี, აభದႵܱݓਁൊളӁթ[9] Guan D, Hubacek K. Assessment of regional trade and virtual ᄝoКਁଲטpགྷའթᄝ၂ק֥໖ކྟb൞, Чwater flows in China[J]. Ecological Economics, 2006, 2: ཛ࣮ᇶေ൞Ֆྴඣੀ֥࢘؇ࣉྛ࣮, ၹՎ, 22−28 აభದႵܱਁൊളӁ࣮ӮݔऎႵᇉ֥љbՖ2[10] ᇛញ, ൎνଫ. თྴඣસၞ࠹ෘٚمࠣൌᆣ[J]. ᇏݓದ१ሧჷაߌ, 2008, 18(4): 184−188 ࠩთԄ؇ഈु, תК൞ݓቋն֥ྴඣੀԛ, [11] Velázquez E. Virtual water: An alternative way to manage ൞ਁൊളӁoКඣଲטp֥ᆇൌ܊ངᆀ, طٺحwater use[J]. Ecological Economics, 2007, 8: 201−208 Ⴕᄹն൝; ߛ߉ݚaКaתଲބଲູൌᇉྟ[12] ઔ࣡, ລ֔ང, Hoekstra A Yēྴඣસၞᄝݓਁൊνಆטೆb ໙ีᇏ֥ႋႨ[J]. ඣ॓࿐ࣉᅚ, 2006, 17(1): 102−107 [13] ሻब, ဗზಳ. ྴඣᅞМࣟ༯֥ଲസඣሧჷνಆؓھ࣮Ⴕ০Ⴟຉॺྴඣ࣮֥ંଽݤ, Ҧ[J]. ದӉࡾ, 2008, 53(1): 6−9 ൈ, ః࣮ࢲંؓႿݓਁൊളӁޡܴ҃अ֥Ⴊ߄[14] Ҍᆽ, ᅦৄ. ᇏݓ୪Ӂྴඣ−۶ֹሧჷთൈॢҵၳטᆜބඣሧჷ০Ⴈིੱ֥ิۚऎႵ၂קൌ࠽ၩၬbဆэ[J]. ሧჷ॓࿐, 2009, 31(1): 84−93 ႵܱݓਁൊളӁބཨٮ֥ྴඣੀэ߄ჰၹႵ[15] ԫ, ᆽ఼. ҂თਁൊཨٮགྷሑაყҩ[J]. ᇏݓൊրࣉ၂҄ฐษbൈ, ္Ⴕсေຉᅚھཛ࣮֥ൈაႏအ, 2007, 13(6): 34−38
