河南大学硕士学位论文我国行政问责中的公民参与研究姓名：李伟申请学位级别：硕士专业：管理学、行政管理指导教师：汪来杰2011-05
햪 튪 ퟷ캪튻훖풼쫸탐헾좨솦뫍잿뮯탐헾퓰죎뗄훆뛈ꎬ탐헾컊퓰훆뗄쪵쪩뛔폚쳡룟헾뢮뗄횴탐솦뫍릫탅솦ꎬ붨짨좨퓰튻훂뗄퓰죎헾뢮ꆢ틀램탐헾뗄램훎헾뢮ꆢ룟킧탐헾뗄솮뷠헾뢮뫍캪쏱럾컱뗄럾컱탍헾뢮랢믓쇋훘튪뗄췆뚯ퟷ폃ꆣ떱잰ꎬ컒맺뗄탐헾컊퓰틔탐헾믺맘쓚늿뗄춬쳥컊퓰캪훷튪쪵쿖탎쪽ꎬ훷튪평짏벶떳캯늿쏅뫍놻컊퓰뛔쿳뗄탐헾짏벶랢웰ꎬ탐헾컊퓰훷쳥떥튻ꎬ헢뻍쿞훆쇋탐헾컊퓰ퟷ폃뗄ퟮ듳랢믓ꆣ탐헾좨솦뗄탐쪹폫릫쏱뗄쟐짭샻틦쾢쾢쿠맘ꎬ릫쏱쫇탐헾컊퓰뗄떱좻랢웰훷쳥ꎬ샭펦닎폫탐헾컊퓰ꆣ 릫쏱닎폫탐헾컊퓰폐ퟅ볡쪵뗄샭싛틀뻝ꆣ듓쪵볹살뾴ꎬ뷼듺컷랽랢햹웰살뗄듺틩훆뫜뫃뗘뷢뻶쇋듳탍짧믡릫쏱볤뷓닎폫릫릲쫂컱뗄컊쳢ꎬ떫쫇듺틩훆좴쎻폐뫜뫃뗘뷢뻶떱톡헾훎볒뫍맙풱뗄퓰죎싄탐컊쳢ꆣ뷼쿖듺틔살ꎬ쇷탐폚쫀뗄죋쏱훷좨샭싛ꆢ캯췐-듺샭샭싛ꆢ릫릲톡퓱샭싛틔벰훎샭폫짆훎샭싛뚼죏캪ꎬ폐맘릫쏱쟐짭샻틦뗄릫릲쫂컱ꎬ릫쏱뚼폐좨횱뷓닎폫ꎬ튲펦떱닎폫ꎬ틔쏖늹듺틩훆퓚헾뢮벰웤맙풱퓰죎싄탐랽쏦뗄늻ퟣꆣ 쿖뷗뛎ꎬ컒맺틑뺭돵늽뻟놸릫쏱닎폫탐헾컊퓰뗄쳵볾뫍춾뺶ꆣ룄룯뾪럅틔살ꎬ컒맺뗄헾훎뮷뺳죕틦뿭쯉ꎬ폈웤쫇룟닣쇬떼쪮럖훘쫓맣듳릫쏱뛔헾뢮릫컱풱뗄볠뚽ꎬ믽벫횧돖맣듳릫쏱쪵쿖웤횪쟩좨ꆢ뇭듯좨ꆢ닎폫좨뫍볠뚽좨ꎻ램싉훆뛈훰붥췪짆ꎬ캪릫쏱닎폫탐헾컊퓰쳡릩쇋램싉틀뻝ꎻ릫쏱짧믡뾪쪼웰ꎬ맣듳릫쏱뗄닎폫틢쪶늻뛏뻵탑ꎻ릫쏱닎폫뗄벼쫵쳵볾튲퓚ퟮ뷼벸쓪뗃떽벫듳룄짆ꎬ듳듳붵뗍쇋릫쏱닎폫뗄룷훖돉놾ꆣ퓚닎폫춾뺶랽쏦ꎬ풭폐뗄탅럃ꆢ뻙놨ꆢ쳽횤믡ꆢ쏱틢뗷닩뫍짧믡폟싛볠뚽퓚튻뚨돌뛈짏돐떣쇋릫쏱닎폫탐헾컊퓰뗄릦쓜ꎬ늢쟒룷뗘튲퓚첽쯷탂뗄닎폫춾뺶ꎬ쿠탅퓚캴살ꎬ컒맺릫쏱닎폫뗄춾뺶믡룼볓럡뢻ꆣ 떱잰컒맺릫쏱닎폫탐헾컊퓰뮹듦퓚늻짙헏낭ꆣ쯤좻떱잰컒맺릫쏱닎폫탐헾컊퓰돵늽뻟놸튻뚨뗄쪵쿖쳵볾뫍닎폫춾뺶ꎬ떫쫇뇊헟죏캪ꎬ릫쏱닎폫탐헾컊퓰뗄뻞듳잱솦죔좻쎻폐돤럖랢믓ꆣ뺿웤룹풴ꎬ쫇틲캪퓚릫쏱닎폫탐헾컊퓰맽돌훐뮹듦퓚늻짙쿖쪵헏낭ꆣ헢킩쿖쪵헏낭뻟쳥살붲ꎬ훷튪냼삨훆뛈릩룸늻ퟣꆢ릫쏱닎폫뗄쟾뗀늻뎩ꆢ릫쏱짧믡랢폽늻돉쫬ꆢ헾뢮맙풱뗄퓰죎틢쪶놡죵틔벰릫쏱놾짭뗄컊쳢뗈뗈ꆣ헢킩쿖쪵헏낭뗄듦퓚퇏훘훆풼쇋릫쏱닎폫탐헾컊퓰뗄ퟷ폃ꆣ I
컒맺릫쏱닎폫탐헾컊퓰뗄슷뺶톡퓱ꆣ샭싛짏ꎬ릫쏱닎폫탐헾컊퓰폐웤틀뻝ꎻ쿖쪵훐ꎬ릫쏱닎폫탐헾컊퓰튲틑뺭돵늽뻟놸쪵쿖뗄쳵볾뫍튻킩닎폫춾뺶ꎬ쯤좻퓚릫쏱닎폫뗄맽돌훐죔듦퓚튻킩쿖쪵헏낭ꎬ떫쫇헢킩헏낭늢늻쫇늻쓜뿋럾뗄ꆣ뇊헟죏캪ꎬ춨맽붡좫릫쏱닎폫탐헾컊퓰뗄엤쳗훆뛈ꆢ뎩춨쿖폐뗄릫쏱닎폫쟾뗀ꆢ훘쯜컒맺헾뢮맙풱뗄좨퓰샭쓮ꆢ믽벫엠폽컒맺뗄릫쏱짧믡틔벰잿뮯뛔릫쏱닎폫탐헾컊퓰뗄쓜솦엠퇸뫍뚯솦벤샸뗈듫쪩ꎬ뿉틔폐킧뿋럾쿖뷗뛎컒맺릫쏱닎폫탐헾컊퓰뗄쿖쪵헏낭ꎬ쪵쿖탐헾컊퓰훆뛔헾뢮벰웤릫컱풱뗄볠뚽훆풼ퟷ폃ꆣ 맘볼듊ꎺ탐헾컊퓰,릫쏱닎폫,릫쏱짧믡 II
ABSTRACT As a kind of system of constraining administrative power and strengthening administrative responsibility, the administrative accountability system has improved the execution and credibility of government, while promoting the construction of a responsive, constitutional and honest government. At present, China’s administrative accountability system is mainly represented by consubstantial accountability inside the administrative organs, which is usually initiated by superior party committee and administrative officials of the accountability target. The oneness of the subject does not support the maximization of the accountability effect. The exertion of administrative power is closely related to the vital civil interests. Therefore civics, as the certain subject of the accountability, should ought to participate the process. Civic participation of the administrative accountability has a solid theoretical basis. From practice, the system of representation provides a fine approach to civil participation of public affairs in larger society indirectly, yet it was not able enough to make the elected politicians and officials fulfill their promises. In recent centuries, the people's sovereignty theory, the principal-agent theory, public choice theory and governance theory all believe that citizens possess the right to take part in the public affairs relate to their vital interests, in order to make up the deficiency of representation system which is stated above. At the present stage, China has initially achieved the basic conditions and routes for citizens to participate in the administrative accountability. Since the reform and open, our country's political environment has been loosing, as the top leaders attaches great importance to the supervision of the civil service by the general public, and actively support civil rights to know, to express, to participate and to supervise. The gradual perfection of legal system provides legal fundament of the participation. The rise of the civil society awakes the citizen's participation awareness. The technical condition has also improved greatly in recent years and reduces the cost of participation. On the route to participate, the existent systems of complaint, report, hearing, as well as polls and surveillance of public opinion helps to take some of the responsibilities of accountability. It is believed there will be richer ways of public participation. Currently, there are still many obstacles existing in China’s public participation of accountability. Despite the conditions and approaches mentioned above, the author believes that there are still enormous III
potentials for public participation. The reason lies in the obstacles of the participation in reality, including inefficient supply of institutions, blocked citizen participation channel, the immaturity of the public society, the weak sense of responsibility of government officials and the deficiency of the civics themselves. These obstacles have seriously restricted the citizen participation in administrative accountability. As for approaches of the accountability, theoretically, the citizen participation administrative accountability has its basis, In reality, the citizen participation administrative accountability has also has initially realization condition and some participation ways, there are substantial obstacles but these problems are solvable. The author believes that through the perfection of institutionsꎬand the dredging of participating channels, reconstruction of political responsibility sense, cultivation of China’s public society and the strengthening public motives and abilities to participate in administrative accountability, the obstacles mentioned above could be overcome successfully and to fulfill the accountability’s function of supervision and restriction on government and civil servants. KEY WORDS: administrative accountability, citizen participation, civil societyIV
II
틽 퇔 틽 퇔 튻ꆢ톡쳢놳뺰벰틢틥 뛾쪮쫀볍웟쪮쓪듺쒩틔살ꎬ좫쟲릫릲탐헾룄룯샋뎱럧웰퓆펿ꎬ잿뮯헾뢮벰웤릫컱풱뗄퓰죎ꎬ듲퓬뢺퓰죎뗄헾뢮ꎬ돉캪룷맺헾뢮릫릲탐헾룄룯뗄훘튪쒿뇪횮튻ꆣ탐헾컊퓰훆뗄닺짺뻍쫇쮳펦듋듎룄룯뎱쇷ꎬ좷놣헾뢮벰웤릫컱풱틀램헽좷싄탐퓰죎ꎬ붨짨퓰죎헾뢮뗄탂춾뺶ꆣ훸쏻톧헟헅뾵횮뷌쫚돆ꆰ컊퓰훆ꆱ쫇ꆰ튪쟳쪵쿖헾뢮퓰죎뗄ퟛ뫏탔슷뺶ꆱꎬꆰ죋샠퓚헾뢮릹붨랽쏦뗄폖튻쿮훘듳랢쏷ꆱꆣ컒맺뗄탐헾컊퓰훆쪵볹쪼폚2003쓪ꆰ럇뗤ꆱ틟쟩틽랢뗄릫릲컀짺캣믺ꎬ솽캻쪡늿벶맙풱헅컄뾵ꆢ쏏톧얩틲럀훎ꆰ럇뗤ꆱ늻솦놻훐퇫컊퓰쏢횰ꎬ쯦뫳폖폐뷼잧쏻맙풱틲춬퇹풭틲놻컊퓰ꎬ뿉틔쮵컒맺뗄탐헾컊퓰뢦튻돶쿖뻍쫇ꆰ룟뗷쇁쿠ꆱꎬ놶쫜룷랽맘힢ꆣ퓚톧쫵뷧ꎬ틔헢듎ꆰ컊퓰럧놩ꆱ캪뾪뛋ꎬ훚톧헟쿆웰쇋튻막첽쳖뫍퇐뺿탐헾컊퓰뗄죈뎱ꆣ듓떱잰맺쓚틑폐뗄퇐뺿돉맻뾴ꎬ탐헾컊퓰퇐뺿뗄뫪듳탰쫂좡뗃쇋훘튪뷸햹ꆣ춬쪱뇊헟튲힢틢떽ꎬ컒맺톧헟틔릫쏱닎폫캪쫓뷇뛔탐헾컊퓰뷸탐퇐뺿뗄쿠맘돉맻뮹뇈뷏짙ꎬ헢튲쫇뇊헟냑싛컄톡쳢뚨캪ꆰ컒맺탐헾컊퓰훐뗄릫쏱닎폫퇐뺿ꆱ뗄풭틲ꆣ 뇊헟죏캪ꎬ탐헾컊퓰훐뗄릫쏱닎폫횮쯹틔훘튪ꎬ훷튪뾼싇떽틔쿂놳뺰ꆣ쫗쿈ꎬ떱잰컒맺쪵쪩뗄탐헾컊퓰틔탐헾믺맘쓚늿뗄춬쳥컊퓰캪훷ꎬ틔룷벶죋듳ꆢ쏱훷떳엉ꆢ쮾램믺맘ꆢ듳훚뒫쎽틔벰릫쏱캪컊퓰훷쳥뗄틬쳥컊퓰랢햹쿠뛔훍뫳ꆣ쯦ퟅ컒맺헾뢮탐헾컊퓰쪵볹뗄짮죫ꎬ춬쳥컊퓰뗄늻ퟣ훰붥놩슶돶살ꆣ웤듎ꎬ컒맺뗄탐헾맜샭쳥훆룄룯돖탸짮죫뷸탐ꎬ헾뢮죕틦훘쫓웕춨릫쏱뗄횪쟩좨ꆢ뇭듯좨ꆢ닎폫좨뫍볠뚽좨ꎬ헢캪릫쏱닎폫탐헾컊퓰쳡릩쇋쓑뗃뗄샺쪷웵믺ꆣ듓1982쓪떽2008쓪ꎬ컒맺듳랶캧뗄탐헾맜샭쳥훆룄룯틑솬탸뷸탐쇋쇹듎ꎬ뇊헟쿠탅컒맺탐헾맜샭쳥훆룄룯죔붫짮죫뷸탐ꎬ웕춨릫쏱닎폫릫릲탐헾뗄믺믡붫믡풽살풽뛠ꎬ늢쟒헾뢮튲탨튪헢훖닎폫ꆣ뗚죽ꎬ컒맺릫쏱짧믡ퟩ횯듳솿돶쿖ꆣ룄룯뾪럅죽쪮뛠쓪살ꎬ컒맺뗄짧믡훷틥쫐뎡뺭볃붨짨돖탸짮죫췆뷸ꎬ죋쏱헾뢮훰늽뮹좨폚짧믡ꆣ냩쯦뺭볃뿬쯙랢햹ꎬ컯훊짺믮럡풣ꎬ컄뮯쯘훊쳡룟ꎬ맣듳죋쏱좺훚뗄릫쏱틢쪶뾪쪼뻵탑ꎬ룷훖짧믡ퟩ횯죧폪뫳뒺쯱냣돶쿖ꎬ캪릫쏱닎폫탐헾컊퓰쳡릩쇋돵늽뗄짧믡ퟩ횯믹뒡ꆣퟮ뫳ꎬ컒맺헽퓚랢짺ퟅ튻뎡탅쾢벼쫵룯쏼ꆣퟮ뷼벸쓪ꎬ컒맺뗄탅쾢벼쫵뷸늽튻1
컒맺탐헾컊퓰훐뗄릫쏱닎폫퇐뺿 죕잧샯ꎬ폈웤쫇뮥솪췸웕벰싊짏짽뫜뿬ꎬ탅쾢짧믡쳘헷죕틦쏷쿔ꎬ캪릫쏱닎폫탐헾컊퓰쳡릩쇋룼볓뇣뷝뗄벼쫵쫖뛎ꆣ 퓚컒맺췆뷸릫쏱닎폫탐헾컊퓰뻟폐틔쿂훘튪틢틥ꆣ쫗쿈ꎬ듙뷸컒맺탐헾컊퓰뗄좫쏦짮뮯랢햹ꆣ떱잰컒맺헾뢮쪵쪩뗄탐헾컊퓰맘힢뗄뛔쿳훷튪짦벰탐헾쫗뎤뫍헾뢮맙풱ꎬ컊퓰랢웰뗄풭틲훷튪쫇틽웰짧믡맣랺맘힢뗄훘듳쫂맊ꎬ컊퓰훷쳥떥튻ꎬ뛔쿳랶캧쿁햭ꎬ맽폚잿뗷퓰죎ힷ뺿ꎬ뛸뫶쫓쇋ꆰ컊ꆱ뗄뮷뷚ꆣ뇊헟죏캪ꎬ탐헾컊퓰늻쓜횹폚퓰죎ힷ뺿ꎬ뮹펦훘쫓ꆰ컊ꆱ뗄맽돌ꎬ릫쏱닎폫헢룶ꆰ컊ꆱ뗄맽돌쪮럖훘튪ꆣ웤듎ꎬ엠퇸췪짆뗄릫쏱죋룱ꆣ릫쏱닎폫탐헾컊퓰쓜릻듙뷸릫쏱뇭듯좨ꆢ횪쟩좨ꆢ닎폫좨뫍볠뚽좨뗄쪵쿖ꎬ볓뿬릫쏱틢쪶뗄뻵탑ꎬ쳡짽릫쏱뗄릫릲퓰죎룐ꎬ쫜떽쏱훷뗄뷌폽뫍뛍솶ꎬ헢킩뚼폐훺폚랢햹릫쏱룶죋퓚쏱훷헾훎짺믮훐쯹뻟놸뗄첬뛈ꆢ탄샭쯘훊뫍쪵볊닎폫헾훎뗄벼쟉폫쓜솦ꆣ뗚죽ꎬ듙뷸컒맺뗄퓰죎헾뢮붨짨ꆣ릫쏱닎폫쓜릻퓶잿헾뢮뻶닟뫍헾뢮탐캪뗄뫏램탔폫릫릲탔ꎻ쓜릻듙뷸헾뢮틀램탐헾ꆢ헽좷싄탐횰쓜틔벰쳡룟탐헾킧싊ꎻ쓜릻듙뷸헾뢮쳡짽릫릲컯욷뫍릫릲럾컱뗄욷훊ꆣ헾뢮쳡릩뗄릫릲컯욷뫍릫릲럾컱폫릫쏱뗄쟐짭샻틦쾢쾢쿠맘ꎬ퓚릫쏱닎폫볠뚽횮쿂ꎬ죧맻헾뢮쳡릩뗄릫릲컯욷훊솿늻룟ꎬ릫릲럾컱늻쓜싺ퟣ죋쏱탨튪ꎬ릫쏱뻍뿉틔랢웰컊퓰ꎬ쿲헾뢮뇭듯ퟔ벺뗄쯟쟳ꎬ튪쟳헾뢮싄탐펦뺡뗄퓰죎ꆣퟮ뫳ꎬ엠폽컒맺뗄릫쏱짧믡ꆣ릫쏱닎폫탐헾컊퓰튪쪵쿖샭탔ꆢ폐탲ꆢ폐킧ꎬ샫늻뾪튵짧믡ퟩ횯뗄ퟩ횯ꆢ횸떼뫍킭훺ꎬ헢퇹뻍쓜릻뛍솶짧믡ퟩ횯뗄탐뚯쓜솦ꎬ쳡룟웤튵쓜솦ꎬ뛸듳솿뗄뻟폐튵쓜솦뫍탐뚯쓜솦뗄짧믡ퟩ횯뗄듦퓚뫍뾪햹믮뚯헽쫇릫쏱짧믡돉쫬뗄뇪횾ꆣ 뛾ꆢ맺쓚췢쿠맘퇐뺿ힴ뿶 ꎨ튻ꎩ맺췢쿠맘퇐뺿ힴ뿶 퓚얷쏀톧뷧ꎬ컊퓰쫇튻룶샺뻃쏖탂뗄뮰쳢ꎬ횱훁뷱죕ꎬ뛔컊퓰뗄쳖싛죔뻉늻뛏ꆣ쏀맺톧헟뗋뛷뗄컄쿗럖샠퇐뺿ꆣ뗋뛷죏캪퓚톧쫵짏뛔컊퓰퇐뺿뗄컄쿗훷튪럖캪솽샠ꎺꆰ튻ꋙ샠쫇듓쏱훷샭싛뗄쫓뷇퇐뺿컊퓰ꎬ쇭튻샠쫇듓릫릲탐헾뗄쫓뷇퇐뺿컊퓰ꆱꆣ쏱훷샭싛쫓뷇뗄컊퓰튻냣놻돆캪쏱훷컊퓰ꎬ퓚뒫춳짏ꎬ쯼ퟜ쫇틔헾훎컊퓰뗄룅쓮돶쿖ꎬ첽쳖뗄훷튪쓚죝쫇훜웚탔뗄쏱훷톡뻙ꎬ짦벰떽톡죎맙폫릫쏱횮볤뗄맘쾵벰웤뛔헾뢮릹돉뗄펰쿬ꆣ릫릲탐헾쫓뷇뗄컊퓰튻냣놻돆캪탐헾컊퓰ꎬ첽쳖뗄훷튪쓚죝쫇헾컱맙ꆢ쫂컱맙틔벰릫쏱 ꋙ Delmer :“Accountability, democratic theory, and higher education Educational Policy,,, January and March 2003,.틽ퟔ쫀뷧틸탐볒ퟩꎺꆶ릫릲늿쏅뗄짧믡컊퓰ꎺ샭쓮첽쳖벰쒣쪽럖컶ꆷꎬ놱뺩ꎬ훐맺죋쏱듳톧돶냦짧ꎬ2007쓪ꎬ틫헟잰퇔뗚3튳ꆣ 2
틽 퇔 죽헟횮볤뗄컊퓰맘쾵뗄뷧뚨벰웤뛔헾훎훎샭뗄펰쿬ꆣ퓚헢죽헟맘쾵떱훐ꎬ훷튪냼삨헾컱맙폫쫂컱맙ꆢ헾컱맙폫릫쏱횮볤뗄솽훖컊퓰맘쾵ꆣ 탁뿋삳뗄럖샠럖컶램ꆣ틔뷡릹뫍룶쳥캪럖샠뗄캬뛈ꎬ탁뿋삳쳡돶쇋컥훖컊퓰탎쪽ꎬ럖뇰쫇헾훎컊퓰ꆢ릫훚컊퓰ꆢ맜샭컊퓰ꆢ횰튵컊퓰틔벰룶죋컊퓰ꆣꆰ듓럖샠뗄톧쫵퇐뺿춾뺶뾴ꎬ탐헾헾훎컊퓰훷튪쫇횸릫릲탐헾폫췢늿뗄럇램싉돌탲맦뚨뗄퓰죎맘쾵ꎬ쿖듺탐헾컊퓰랶쪽훐뗄헾훎컊퓰룼뛠뗘쳥쿖돶쇋탁뿋삳쯹뷧뚨뗄ꆮ릫훚컊퓰ꆯ,벴횸탐헾죋풱ꋙ폫릫훚ꆢ풺췢벯췅ꆢ짧쟸췅쳥횮볤뗄컊퓰맘쾵ꆣꆱ 싞쏀퓳뿋훘탂뚨틥쇋탐헾컊퓰뗄뒫춳랶쪽ꎬ틔ꆰ웚췻맜샭랶쪽ꆱ듺쳦쇋ꆰ뛔퓰죎뗄ꋚ믘듰랶쪽ꆱꆣ싞쏀퓳뿋뗄훷튪릱쿗퓚폚ꎬ퓚뛔탐헾컊퓰뗄룅쓮뚨틥짏퓶볓쇋훷뚯탔쓚죝ꎬ죏캪탐헾죋풱펦룃틔훷뚯뗄ퟋ첬좥죏쪶ꆢ펦뛔뫍맜샭탐헾컊퓰ꎻ붨솢쇋뇈뷏쾵춳쟥컺뗄쿖듺탐헾컊퓰퇐뺿랽램ꎬ쳡돶쇋릹돉탐헾컊퓰랶쪽뗄솽룶캬뛈ꆪ뿘훆춾뺶뫍뿘훆돌뛈ꎬ늢틔듋캪뇪ힼ쳡돶쇋헾훎컊퓰ꆢ램싉컊퓰ꆢ뗈벶컊퓰벰횰튵컊퓰쯄훖뗤탍뗄컊퓰탎쪽ꎻ듓훷뚯맜샭뷇뛈쳡돶쇋탐헾맙풱쏦뛔컊퓰훊톯뗄펦뛔냬램ꎬ죏캪탐헾맙풱튪돉캪쫊펦탍뫍햽싔탍맜샭헟ꎬ맜샭헟늻뷶튪퓚샭쓮짏쫊펦쳴햽ꎬ룼튪퓚쪵볹훐뻟폐뾪췘뒴탂뺫짱ꎻ듓탐헾맜샭헟쫓뷇퇐뺿쇋탐헾컊퓰랽램퓚탐헾맜샭릤ퟷ훐뗄펦폃ꎬ죏캪탐헾맜샭헟펦쿠믺톡퓱컊퓰샠탍벰쪵쿖믺훆ꎬ쳡룟탐헾킧싊ꆣ ꋛ냂뛠쓉쳡돶쇋ꆰ욽탐컊퓰ꆱ뗄룅쓮ꆣ뒫춳뗄훜웚탔톡뻙훆뛈놻죏캪쫇튻훖뗤탍뗄ꆰ뒹횱컊퓰ꆱꎬ벴릫쏱춨맽훜웚탔톡뻙뗄랽쪽쪵쿖뛔톡죎맙풱뗄컊퓰ꎬ떫쫇듓삭쏀틔벰뚫얷탍쏱훷맺볒뗄톡뻙쪵볹살뾴ꎬ헢훖훜웚탔뷸탐톡뻙뗄ꆰ뒹횱컊퓰ꆱ쎻폐뫜뫃뗘뷢뻶헾훎쇬떼죋뗄돐억쪵쿖컊쳢ꆣ훚쯹훜횪ꎬ퓚튻킩삭쏀맺볒ꎬ뢯냜쏖싾쇋헻룶헾훎쾵춳ꆣ냂뛠쓉쳡돶뗄ꆰ욽탐컊퓰ꆱ틢퓚쳡탑죋쏇헢훖컊퓰믺훆틑놻틅췼첫뻃쇋ꎬ죋샠펦뛔헢훖벫웤훘튪뗄컊퓰믺훆룸폨펦폐뗄훘쫓ꆣ 뷸죫탂쫀볍틔뫳ꎬ튻훖탂뗄컊퓰랽쪽퓚퇇럇삭튻킩랢햹훐맺볒쇷뒫뾪살ꎬ헢훖컊퓰랽쪽잿뗷릫쏱뫍릫쏱ퟩ횯횱뷓닎폫ꎬ틔듋탎돉뛔릫릲좨솦뗄뿘훆ꆣ틔쪵볹뷡맻살뾴ꎬ헢훖컊퓰랽쪽웄뻟돉킧ꆣ쫀뷧틸탐붫릫쏱뫍릫릲ퟩ횯닎폫뗄탐헾컊퓰뷧뚨캪짧믡컊퓰ꎬ쯼죏캪짧믡컊퓰쫇ꆰ튻훖틀뾿릫쏱닎폫살볓잿탐헾컊퓰뗄컊퓰춾뺶ꎬ쯼춨맽웕춨뗄쫐쏱믲 ꋙ 쫀뷧틸탐볒ퟩꎺꆶ릫릲늿쏅뗄짧믡컊퓰ꎺ샭쓮첽쳖벰쒣쪽럖컶ꆷꎬ쯎쳎틫ꎬ놱뺩ꎬ훐맺죋쏱듳톧돶냦짧ꎬ2007쓪ꎬ틫헟잰퇔뗚4튳ꆣ ꋚ 놾뛎쓚죝닎뾼쇋쯎쳎뗄싛컄ꆶ탐헾컊퓰뗄랶쪽뇤뮯ꎺ듓뒫춳떽쿖듺ꆷꎬ뚫놱쪦듳톧놨(헜톧짧믡뿆톧냦)ꎬ2007쓪뗚1웚ꎬ뗚68-72튳뗄늿럖쓚죝ꆣ ꋛ 놾뛎닎뾼쇋십뾥ꎺꆶ헾훎컊퓰퇐뺿ꎺ탂뗄뷸햹ꆷꎬ릫릲탐헾움싛ꎬ2009쓪뗚4웚ꎬ뗚22-47튳ꆣ 3
컒맺탐헾컊퓰훐뗄릫쏱닎폫퇐뺿 ꋙ릫쏱짧믡ퟩ횯ꎬ틔횱뷓믲볤뷓뗄랽쪽살췆뷸탐헾컊퓰ꆱꆣ쫀뷧틸탐볒ퟩ2005쓪돶냦뗄ꆶ릫릲늿쏅뗄짧믡컊퓰ꎺ샭쓮첽쳖벰쒣쪽럖컶ꆷ튻쫩ퟅ훘횸돶ꎬ튪틔릫쏱뫍릫쏱ퟩ횯캪컊퓰훷쳥ꎬ췆뚯릫쏱폐탲닎폫ꎬ볓잿탐헾컊퓰ꎬ룄뷸릫릲늿쏅벨킧틔웚쪵쿖헾뢮솼뫃뗄훎샭ꆣ 맺췢뗄퇐뺿컄쿗뇭쏷ꎬ맺췢톧헟뛔컊퓰뗄퇐뺿폐쇋탂뗄뷸햹ꎬ늢쟒튲틢쪶떽탐헾컊퓰훐릫쏱닎폫뗄훘튪탔ꎬ쫀뷧틸탐퓚튻킩랢햹훐맺볒뗄쪵볹뷡맻횤쏷ꎬ릫쏱닎폫쓜폐킧볓잿탐헾컊퓰ꎬ듙뷸헾뢮벰웤릫컱풱룼뢻돉킧뗘싄탐횰퓰ꆣ ꎨ뛾ꎩ맺쓚퇐뺿ힴ뿶 2003쓪ꆰ럇뗤ꆱ틟쟩틽랢릫릲컀짺캣믺ꎬ컒맺헾뢮쫗뾪탐헾컊퓰ꆣ틔듋쫂볾캪뾪뛋ꎬ컒맺톧헟뛔헢튻퇐뺿뿎쳢쟣힢쇋듳솿죈쟩ꎬ퓚탐헾컊퓰뗄룅쓮폫쓚몭ꆢ탐헾컊퓰쳥쾵ꆢ탐헾컊퓰샠탍ꆢ탐헾컊퓰훆뛈붨짨틔벰훐컷컊퓰훆뛈뇈뷏뗈랽쏦좡뗃쇋뷏캪럡뢻뗄퇐뺿돉맻ꆣ헢킩퇐뺿돉맻뛔횸떼컒맺헾뢮뗄탐헾컊퓰쪵볹웰떽쇋쪮럖훘튪뗄ퟷ폃ꆣ떫쫇컒쏇튲펦룃뾴떽ꎬ컒맺톧헟뗄퇐뺿힢훘뛔탐헾컊퓰뗄뫪듳탰쫂ꎬ틔ퟜ쳥퇐뺿뻓뛠ꎬ쿠뛔훐맛벰캢맛뗄퇐뺿뮹뇈뷏짙ꆣ쒿잰ꎬ컒맺톧뷧맘폚릫쏱닎폫탐헾컊퓰뗄퇐뺿쿖ힴ듳훂죧쿂ꆣ 훜퇇풽뷌쫚죏캪ꎬ컒맺헾뢮뗄탐헾컊퓰튪붡좫뫍잿뮯틬쳥컊퓰믺훆ꎬ듙쪹릫쏱닎폫탐헾컊퓰쫇웤훘튪쓚죝횮튻ꆣ쯽횸돶ꆰ솼뫃뗄훎샭폐삵폚릫쏱뗄믽벫닎폫ꎬ횻폐릫쏱뗄믽벫닎폫ꎬ닅믡쪹헾뢮뢺웰퓰죎ꎬ늻룒쿻벫떡싽ꎻ횻폐릫쏱믽벫닎폫ꎬ닅뿉틔쪹헾뢮뻟폐뫏램탔ꆢ춸쏷탔ꆢ믘펦탔ꆢ폐킧탔ꎬ닅쓜쪵쿖헾훎맺볒뫍릫쏱짧믡뗄솼뫃뫏ퟷꎬ듯떽ꋚꆮ짆훎ꆯힴ첬ꆱꆣ 췴캰좫죏캪ꎬ릫쏱닎폫쫇췆뷸탐헾컊퓰훆뗄훘튪춾뺶ꆣ쯻횸돶ꎬꆰ릫쏱쫇맺볒좨솦뗄풴좪, 릫쏱폐좨닎폫헾뢮퓰죎뗄훊컊뫍ힷ뺿ꆱꎬ릫쏱닎폫뛔탐헾컊퓰훆폐훘튪뗄ퟷ폃ꎬꆰ튪뷸튻늽췆뷸탐헾컊퓰훆붨짨, 폐삵폚릫쏱뗄믽벫닎폫ꆣꆱ쯻뮹럖컶쇋떱잰컒맺릫쏱ꋛ닎폫탐헾컊퓰듦퓚뗄컊쳢ꎬ쳡돶쇋ퟔ벺뗄뛔닟붨틩ꆣ 돂맺좨뷌쫚죏캪ꎬꆰ릫쏱좨솦뗄쪵쿖쫇퓰죎헾뢮붨짨훁맘훘튪뗄뮷뷚ꎬ횻폐릫쏱돉캪헾뢮컊퓰훷쳥뗄훷솦뻼쪱ꎬ닅쓜탎돉잿듳뗄컊퓰솦솿ꆣ릫쏱펵폐맣랺뗄릫릲닎폫좨샻 ꋙ The World Bank:Social Accountability:An Introduction to the Concept and Emerging Practice Social Development Paper No. ,.:The World Bank, 2004.틽ퟔ쫀뷧틸탐볒ퟩ훸ꎬ쯎쳎틫ꎺꆶ릫릲늿쏅뗄짧믡컊퓰ꎺ샭쓮첽쳖벰쒣쪽럖컶ꆷꎬ놱뺩ꎬ훐맺죋쏱듳톧돶냦짧ꎬ2007쓪ꎬ헽컄뗚4튳ꆣ ꋚ 훜퇇풽ꎺꆶ탐헾컊퓰훆퇐뺿ꆷꎬ놱뺩ꎬ훐맺볬달돶냦짧ꎬ2006쓪ꎬ뗚322튳ꆣ ꋛ 췴캰좫ꎺꆶ릫쏱닎폫ꆪ췆뷸탐헾컊퓰뗄훘튪춾뺶ꆷꎬ첽쯷폫헹쏹ꎬ2007쓪뗚7웚ꎬ뗚36—38튳ꆣ 4
틽 퇔 ꋙ쫇웤좨솦쪵쿖뗄훘튪훆뛈낲업ꎬ뛸맣랺뗄릫쏱닎폫퓲쫇퓰죎헾뢮뗄헾훎믹뒡ꆣꆱ듋췢ꎬ쯻뮹횸돶ꎬ퓰죎헾뢮뗄쪵쿖튪쟳헾뢮폫릫쏱맘쾵뗄퓰죎훘쯜ꆣ 몫횾쏷냑릫쏱닎폫뗄탐헾컊퓰뷧뚨캪릫쏱컊퓰ꎬ럖뇰뻍릫쏱컊퓰뗄샭싛틢틥ꆢ훆뛈짨볆ꆢ룅쓮붨릹ꆢ믺훆좱쪧벰웤훎샭춾뺶ꆢ릫쏱컊퓰뗄탐뚯쒣쪽벰튪쯘뷸탐쇋첽쳖ꆣ 쯎쳎랭틫돶냦쇋쫀뷧틸탐볒ퟩ쯹훸뗄ꆶ릫릲늿쏅뗄짧믡컊퓰ꎺ샭쓮첽쳖벰쒣쪽럖컶ꆷ튻쫩ꎬ쯎쳎죏캪룃쫩쫇맺쓚뗚튻놾맘폚탐헾컊퓰뗄틫훸ꎬ뛔폚췆뚯컒맺톧쫵뷧뛔쿠맘컊쳢뗄퇐뺿뻟폐웴랢틢틥ꆣ쯎쳎퓚쯻뗄탂훸ꆶ짧믡맦싉쫴탔폫탐헾컊퓰쪵볹볬퇩ꆷ훐횸돶ꎬꆰ릫쏱닎폫쫇떱잰헾훎컊퓰훐뗄튻룶탂뗄훘튪쓚죝ꎬ쯼쯹맘힢뗄쫇릫쏱닎폫뫍짧믡뷇즫퓚룄뷸탐헾컊퓰훐뗄펰쿬뫍ퟷ폃ꆱꎬ늢쟒죏캪쯼쫇퓚랢햹훐맺볒볓잿탐헾컊퓰뗄ꋚ튻룶폐킧춾뺶ꆣ 쯦ퟅ탐헾컊퓰훆퓚컒맺헾뢮쪵볹뗄짮죫ꎬ맺쓚쿖탐뗄틔탐헾믺맘쓚늿잿뗷퓰죎ힷ뺿뗄춬쳥컊퓰뗄늻ퟣ훰붥놩슶돶살ꆣ맺쓚쒳킩퇐뺿탐헾컊퓰뗄톧헟튲틢쪶떽쇋샠쯆뗄컊쳢ꎬ튻킩톧헟퓚컄헂믲싛훸훐쳡떽펦퓚컒맺헾뢮뗄탐헾컊퓰훐틽죫릫쏱닎폫ꆣ떫쫇ퟛ맛맺쓚톧헟뗄퇐뺿컄헂믲싛훸ꎬ쾵춳쾸훂퇐뺿룃컊쳢뗄뮹뷏짙ꆣ 죽ꆢ퇐뺿쮼슷폫퇐뺿쓚죝 ꎨ튻ꎩ퇐뺿쮼슷 컒맺톧헟맘폚탐헾컊퓰틑폐뗄퇐뺿돉맻ꎬ잿뗷쏷좷탐헾컊퓰뗄훷쳥ꆢ뛔쿳뫍쓚죝ꎬ맦랶탐헾컊퓰뗄돌탲ꎬ췪짆뛔놻컊퓰뛔쿳뗄뻈볃뗈ꆣ컞틉ꎬ헢킩퇐뺿뛔폚듙뷸컒맺헾뢮탐헾컊퓰뗄훆뛈뮯ꆢ맦랶뮯틔벰붨짨퓰죎헾뢮웰떽쇋훘튪ퟷ폃ꆣ떫쫇ꎬ샭싛뷧맽폚햭뮯쇋탐헾컊퓰뗄쓚몭ꎬ벸뫵냑탐헾컊퓰뗈춬폚볲떥뗄탐헾퓰죎ힷ뺿ꎬ쪵쿖뗄랽쪽튲쫇틔짏벶쇬떼뫍짏벶믺맘랢웰ꆢ웴뚯ꆢ짳샭뫍횴탐캪훷ꆣ퓚헢훖ힴ뿶쿂ꎬힼ좷샭뷢탐헾컊퓰뗄쓚몭뻍벫캪훘튪ꆣ뇊헟죏캪ꎬ탐헾컊퓰늻쓜뷶뷶잿뗷퓰죎ힷ뺿ꎬ춬쪱튲튪죏쪶떽퓚쫂뫳뗄퓰죎ힷ뺿횮췢뮹뿉틔폐쫂잰뫍쫂훐뗄컊퓰맽돌ꎬ뇏뺹ꎬ탐헾컊퓰뗄쒿뗄쫇캪쇋룄짆헾뢮뗄벨킧ꎬ늻쫇떥뒿돍랣쒳룶맙풱ꆣ죧맻쓜춨맽퓰죎ힷ뺿횮잰쫂잰뫍쫂훐컊퓰듯떽룄짆헾뢮벨킧뗄돵훔ꎬퟜ뇈릫쏱샻틦뫍릫릲샻틦쫜쯰횮뫳돍랣쒳룶맙풱룼살뗃쪵믝냉ꆣ뇊헟죏캪ꎬ웕춨릫쏱퓚닎폫탐헾컊퓰뗄쫂잰뫍쫂훐컊퓰뗄맽돌훐쓜릻랢믓뻞듳뗄ퟷ폃ꆣ릫쏱닎폫탐헾컊퓰쪵볊짏쫇튻룶릫쏱뫍릫쏱짧믡ퟩ횯닎폫볠뚽헾뢮ꆢ룄짆헾뢮벨킧뫍릹붨퓰 ꋙ 돂맺좨ꎺꆶ퓰죎헾뢮ꎺ듓좨솦놾캻떽퓰죎놾캻ꆷꎬ몼훝ꎬ헣붭듳톧돶냦짧ꎬ2009쓪ꎬ뗚20튳ꆣ ꋚ 쯎쳎ꎺꆶ짧믡맦싉쫴탔폫탐헾컊퓰쪵볹볬퇩ꆷꎬ놱뺩ꎬ짧믡뿆톧컄쿗돶냦짧ꎬ2010쓪ꎬ뗚107튳ꆣ 5
컒맺탐헾컊퓰훐뗄릫쏱닎폫퇐뺿 죎헾뢮뗄맽돌ꎬ훷튪짦벰릫쏱뫍릫쏱짧믡ퟩ횯뛔헾뢮벰웤릫컱풱뗄릫릲탐헾뻶닟ꆢ릫릲컯욷뫍릫릲럾컱쳡릩ꆢ탐헾탐캪횴탐ꆢ탐헾뷡맻뫍맙풱탐캪뷸탐뗄엺움붨틩ꆢ쯟쟳뇭듯ꆢ훊톯ꆢ쳽횤ꆢ움볛ꆢ짳닩뫍쯟쯏뗈믮뚯ꎬ쒿뗄쫇캪쇋캬뮤릫쏱뗄뫏램좨틦뫍릫릲샻틦ꆣ ꎨ뛾ꎩ퇐뺿쓚죝 놾컄틔릫쏱닎폫캪쫓뷇ꎬ캧죆릫쏱좨샻볠뚽릫릲좨솦뗄훷쳢ꎬ쫔춼춨맽샻폃쮽좨볠뚽탐헾좨솦뗄탐쪹살짮뮯랢햹컒맺뗄탐헾컊퓰훆ꎬ듙뷸퓰죎헾뢮붨짨ꆣ 놾컄퇐뺿쓚죝릲럖쯄헂ꆣ뗚튻헂퇐뺿쇋놾컄뗄뫋탄룅쓮뫍샭싛믹뒡ꆣ뇊헟죏캪ꎬ내헕죋쏱훷좨샭싛ꆢ캯췐-듺샭샭싛ꆢ릫릲톡퓱샭싛틔벰훎샭폫짆훎샭싛뗄맛뗣ꎬ폐맘릫쏱쟐짭샻틦뗄릫릲쫂컱ꎬ릫쏱뚼폐좨횱뷓닎폫ꎬ튲펦떱닎폫ꆣ 뗚뛾헂퇐뺿쇋떱잰릫쏱닎폫탐헾컊퓰뗄쪵쿖쳵볾뫍닎폫춾뺶ꆣ쯦ퟅ헾훎뮷뺳뿭쯉ꎬ램훆췪짆ꎬ릫쏱짧믡ퟩ횯듳솿돶쿖ꎬ릫쏱닎폫벼쫵쳵볾뗄룄짆ꎬ틔벰탅럃ꆢ뻙놨ꆢ쳽횤믡ꆢ쏱틢뗷닩뫍짧믡폟싛볠뚽뗈닎폫춾뺶뗄붨솢ꎬ릫쏱닎폫탐헾컊퓰틑뺭돵늽뻟놸쪵쿖쳵볾ꆣ 뗚죽헂퇐뺿쇋릫쏱닎폫탐헾컊퓰맽돌훐듦퓚뗄헏낭ꆣ헢킩헏낭뻟쳥냼삨훆뛈릩룸늻ퟣꆢ릫쏱닎폫뗄쟾뗀늻뎩ꆢ릫쏱짧믡랢폽늻돉쫬ꆢ헾뢮맙풱뗄퓰죎틢쪶놡죵틔벰릫쏱놾짭뗄컊쳢뗈ꆣ 뗚쯄헂쳡돶쇋릫쏱닎폫탐헾컊퓰뗄슷뺶톡퓱ꆣ뇊헟죏캪ꎬ춨맽붡좫릫쏱닎폫탐헾컊퓰뗄엤쳗훆뛈ꆢ뎩춨쿖폐뗄릫쏱닎폫쟾뗀ꆢ훘쯜컒맺헾뢮맙풱뗄좨퓰샭쓮ꆢ믽벫엠폽컒맺뗄릫쏱짧믡틔벰잿뮯뛔릫쏱닎폫탐헾컊퓰뗄쓜솦엠퇸뫍뚯솦벤샸뗈듫쪩ꎬ쓜릻쪵쿖탐헾컊퓰훆뛔헾뢮벰웤릫컱풱뗄볠뚽훆풼ퟷ폃ꆣ 쯄ꆢ퇐뺿랽램벰뒴탂횮뒦 ꎨ튻ꎩ퇐뺿랽램 쎫퓳뚫쮼쿫ꆢ뗋킡욽샭싛뫍ꆰ죽룶듺뇭ꆱ훘튪쮼쿫틔벰뿆톧랢햹맛쫇뇊헟킴ퟷ놾컄뗄횸떼쮼쿫ꆣ컞닺뷗벶룯쏼볒맘폚죋쏱볠뚽쮼쿫뗄뺫뇙싛뛏ꎬ쫇놾컄킴ퟷ뗄훘튪풴좪ꆣ폈웤쫇뗋킡욽춬횾ꎬ쯻틔튻룶뎬좺뗄컞닺뷗벶헾훎볒뗄풶볻ힿ쪶ꎬ잰햰탔뗘횸돶컒맺헾훎쳥훆뫍탐헾맜샭쳥훆룄룯뗄컊쳢ꎬ늢랢뇭쇋랢햹짧믡훷틥쏱훷틔벰죋쏱좺훚헾훎닎폫뗄튻쾵쇐싛뛏ꆣ 놾컄쯹닉폃뗄훷튪퇐뺿랽램뻟쳥냼삨틔쿂벸훖ꆣ뗚튻ꎬ컄쿗럖컶램ꆣ뇊헟샻폃뫓쓏듳톧춼쫩망ꆢ훐맺횪췸ꆢ췲랽쫽뻝뿢틔벰뮥솪췸쯑벯쇋늻짙맺쓚췢ꎨ훷튪쫇맺쓚ꎩ뛔쿠6
틽 퇔 맘컊쳢뗄퇐뺿쇏ꎬ춨맽뛔쯑벯떽뗄쿠맘컄쿗쇏뷸탐퓄뛁ꆢ헻샭뫍럖컶ꎬ헒톰폫퇐뺿쓚죝폐맘뗄탅쾢ꎬ틔뇣캪놾컄뗄킴ퟷ믽샛쯘닄ꆣ뗚뛾ꎬ뇈뷏럖컶램ꆣ뇊헟훘쫓뛔릫쏱닎폫탐헾컊퓰뗄쿠맘샭싛틀뻝뷸탐뇈뷏럖컶ꎬ춨맽뇈뷏쿠맘샭싛횮볤뗄닮뇰틬춬ꎬ톰헒쯼쏇횮볤릲춨뗄뚫컷ꎬ틔웚캪놾컄뗄킴ퟷ쳡릩샭싛횧뗣ꆣ뗚죽ꎬ샭싛럖컶뫍쪵볹럖컶쿠뷡뫏뗄랽램ꆣ뇊헟퓚훘쫓샭싛럖컶뗄춬쪱ꎬ뷡뫏쿖뷗뛎컒맺릫쏱닎폫탐헾컊퓰뗄쿖쪵ힴ뿶뷸탐럖컶ꎬ웳춼헒돶컊쳢쯹퓚ꎬ헫뛔릫쏱닎폫듦퓚뗄컊쳢ꎬ쳡돶룄짆뗄뛔닟붨틩ꆣ ꎨ뛾ꎩ뒴탂횮뒦 1.췘뿭쇋탐헾컊퓰뗄쓚몭ꆣ쒿잰컒맺헾뢮쪵쪩뗄탐헾컊퓰틔탐헾믺맘쓚늿뗄퓰죎ힷ뺿캪훷ꎬ쫴폚쫂뫳컊퓰ꆣ뇊헟죏캪ꎬ탐헾컊퓰늻쓜맽폚잿뗷퓰죎ힷ뺿ꎬ돽쇋쫂뫳컊퓰ꎬ벴퓰죎ힷ뺿횮췢뮹펦폐쫂잰컊퓰뫍쫂훐컊퓰ꎬ쫂잰뫍쫂훐컊퓰훷튪쫇ꆰ컊ꆱ뗄맽돌ꎬ춨맽ꆰ컊ꆱ헢튻맽돌쪵쿖헾뢮폫릫쏱횮볤뗄솼탔뮥뚯폫릵춨ꎬ듯떽솼뫃훎샭뗄쒿뗄ꎬ뛸늻떥떥잿뗷퓰죎ힷ뺿ꆣ 2.럡뢻쇋탐헾컊퓰뗄쪵쿖랽쪽ꆣ퓚탐헾컊퓰훐틽죫릫쏱닎폫ꎬ쓜릻럡뢻탐헾컊퓰뗄쪵쿖랽쪽ꎬ붨솢룼볓좫쏦뗄컊퓰훆ꆣ 3.삩듳쇋놻컊퓰뛔쿳뗄랶캧ꆣ컒맺쿖탐뗄탐헾컊퓰훆잿뗷컊퓰탐헾쫗뎤뫍헾뢮맙풱ꎬ뛔폚웕춨릫컱풱좴쫨폚컊퓰ꆣ퓚탐헾컊퓰훐틽죫릫쏱닎폫ꎬ쓜릻퓚좫짧믡붨솢웰뛔헾뢮벰웤릫컱풱좫쏦뛸퇏쏜뗄볠뚽컊퓰췸싧ꎬ늻뷶틽웰짧믡맣랺맘힢뗄훘듳쫂맊뗄퓰죎죋쓑쳓놻컊퓰ꎬ뻍솬웕춨릫컱풱뗄늻ퟷ캪ꆢ쓜솦늻ퟣꆢꆰ쿐상즢ꆱ뗈쯹캽맙쳥킡뷚튲쓑쳓놻컊퓰ꆣ 7
컒맺탐헾컊퓰훐뗄릫쏱닎폫퇐뺿 뗚튻헂 릫쏱닎폫탐헾컊퓰뗄샭싛럖컶 ퟮ뷼벸쓪ꎬ풽살풽뛠뗄톧헟뫍쪵볊릤ퟷ헟죏캪ꎬ삩듳릫릲탐헾훐뗄릫쏱닎폫쫇룄뷸헾뢮늿쏅벰웤릫컱풱벨킧뗄폐킧춾뺶ꎬ쫀뷧틸탐뷼쓪ퟜ뷡랢햹훐맺볒뗄쪵볹튲횤쏷쇋헢튻뗣ꆣ쫀뷧틸탐죏캪ꎬ춨맽웕춨릫쏱뫍릫쏱짧믡ퟩ횯ꎬ틔횱뷓믲볤뷓뗄랽쪽닎폫뛔헾뢮늿쏅벰웤릫컱풱뷸탐컊퓰ꎬ뿉틔폐킧룄뷸릫릲럾컱뗄욷훊ꆢ쳡룟릫릲뻶닟뗄훊솿ꆢ복짙맙풱뢯냜ꆢ듙뷸헾뢮뗄솼헾훎샭ꎬ붨솢룼볓뢺퓰죎뗄헾뢮ꆣ떱좻ꎬ헢킩돉뻍뗄좡뗃탨튪닎폫릫릲탐헾뗄릫쏱벰릫쏱짧믡ퟩ횯뛔릫쏱닎폫탐헾컊퓰폐헽좷뗄샭뷢ꎬ늢쟒뮹튪쟳헢킩볓죫떽탐헾컊퓰탐쇐훐뗄릫쏱벰릫쏱짧믡ퟩ횯뻟놸닎폫뗄횪쪶ꆢ쓜솦뫍벼쟉ꆣ놾헂뗄퇐뺿쓚죝짦벰릫쏱닎폫탐헾컊퓰뗄쿠맘룅쓮ꎬ쓚몭틔벰샭싛믹뒡ꆣ 튻ꆢ쿠맘룅쓮럖컶 놾컄퇐뺿뗄훷쳢쫇컒맺탐헾컊퓰훐뗄릫쏱닎폫ꎬ짦벰떽솽룶훘튪뗄룅쓮ꎬ벴탐헾컊퓰뫍릫쏱닎폫ꎻ튻룶쓚몭ꎬ벴탐헾컊퓰훐릫쏱닎폫뗄쓚몭ꆣ퓚놾뷚ꎬ뇊헟붫뛔헢솽룶룅쓮뫍튻룶쓚몭뷸탐뷧뚨뫍럖컶ꆣ ꎨ튻ꎩ탐헾컊퓰 컊퓰튻듊쫗쿈돶쿖퓚컷랽ꎬ쯼쫇냩쯦ퟅ컷랽룷맺퓰죎헾뢮뗄붨솢뛸닺짺뗄ꆣ퓚펢컄훐ꎬ몬폐ꆰ퓰죎ꆱ횮틥뗄듊ꎬ튻냣죏캪폐솽룶ꎬ럖뇰쫇accountability뫍responsibilityꆣ훐맺톧헟맟폚냑accountability랭틫돉ꆰ컊퓰ꆱꎬ뛸냑“responsibility”랭틫돉ꆰ퓰죎ꆱꆣꆶ싳뿋쏗싗룟뷗쏀폯듊뗤ꆷ붫“accountability”뷧뚨캪ꆰ떱튻룶죋뒦폚쒳훖쳘뚨횰캻쪱ꎬ릫훚폐좨솦뛔웤뷸탐엺움ꎬ뛸웤놾죋폐퓰죎뛔폫웤횰캻폐맘뗄쯹랢짺뗄쫂쟩쿲릫훚뷸탐ꋙ뷢쫍ꆣꆱ뛸퓚ꆶ릫릲탐헾폫헾닟냙뿆좫쫩ꆷ훐ꎬ“accountability”튻듊뗄룅쓮놻뷧뚨캪ꎺꆰ쫇횸캯췐랽폫듺샭랽횮볤뗄튻훖맘쾵ꎬ벴믱뗃쇋쫚좨뗄듺샭랽폐퓰죎뻍웤쯹짦벰뗄릤ꋚퟷ퓰죎쿲캯췐랽ퟷ돶믘듰ꆣꆱ 톧헟룇틁ꆤ뇋뗃쮹죏캪ꎬ“accountability”쫇횸ꆰ튻룶릫릲믺릹ꎨ믲헟튻룶죋ꎩ뛔뇰뗄믺릹뢺폐놨룦뗄램뚨틥컱살뷢쫍ퟔ벺뗄탐캪ꆣꆭꆭ틲듋ꎬꋛ컊퓰틀삵폚쒳룶췢퓚뗄믺릹ꎬ춨뎣쫇폐뫏램탔뗄믺릹ꎬ살뾼달뫍움맀맙쇅뗄ퟷ캪ꆣꆱ ꋙ 싳뿋쏗싗룟뷗쏀폯듊뗤(펢컄냦)ꎬ놱뺩ꎬ췢폯뷌톧폫퇐뺿돶냦짧ꎬ2003쓪ꎬ뗚1189튳ꆣ ꋚ Jay·M•ShafritzꎺInternational Encyclopedia of Public Policy and Administration,Colorado,Westview Press,1998,6. ꋛ [쏀]룇틁ꆤ뇋뗃쮹ꎺꆶ맙쇅헾훎ꆷꎬ놱뺩ꎬ훐맺죋쏱듳톧돶냦짧ꎬ2006쓪ꎬ뗚313튳ꆣ 8
뗚튻헂 릫쏱닎폫탐헾컊퓰뗄샭싛럖컶 뷼벸쓪살ꎬ컒맺훘듳낲좫짺닺쫂맊뛠랢욵랢ꎬ튻듳엺맙풱믲틽뻌듇횰ꎬ믲놻쏢횰ꎬ믲놻탐헾뒦럖ꆢ믲틆쯍쮾램믺맘뒦샭ꎬ헢킩훘듳쫂볾퓰죎죋뗄뒦샭뷡맻춨맽듳훚뒫쎽맣랺놨뗀ꎬ짧믡훜횪뛈맣ꎬ떼훂쇋죋쏇뛔컊퓰뗄욬쏦뗄뫍쿁틥뗄샭뷢ꎬ냑컊퓰볲떥뗘뗈춬폚퓰죎ힷ뺿ꆣ헢퇹틔살ꎬ컊퓰펦폐횮틥훐뗄헾뢮벰웤릫컱풱튪뛔릫쏱믲릫쏱짧믡ퟩ횯뻍탐헾뻶닟ꆢ탐헾횴탐뫍탐헾뷡맻뗈쳡돶뗄틉컊ퟷ돶믘펦탔뗄뷢쫍ꆢ쮵쏷뫍뇧뮤뗄쓚죝뻍놻뫶싔뗴쇋ꆣ쫜헢훖쿖쪵ힴ뿶뗄펰쿬ꎬ맺쓚뗄듳뛠쫽톧헟뚼냑탐헾컊퓰벸뫵뗈춬폚퓰죎ힷ뺿ꆣ샽죧ꎬ몫붣쟙죏캪ꎬ탐헾컊퓰쫇횸뛔쿖죎룷벶탐헾훷튪뢺퓰죋퓚쯹맜쾽뗄늿쏅뫍릤ퟷ랶캧쓚평폚맊틢믲맽쪧ꎬ늻싄탐믲늻헽좷싄탐램뚨횰퓰ꎬ틔훂펰쿬탐헾훈탲뫍탐헾킧싊ꎬ컳탐헾릤ퟷꎬ믲헟쯰몦탐헾맜샭쿠뛔죋뗄뫏램좨틦ꎬ룸탐헾믺맘퓬돉늻솼펰쿬ꋙ뫍뫳맻뗄탐캪ꎬ뷸탐쓚늿볠뚽뫍퓰죎ힷ뺿뗄훆뛈ꆣ훜퇇풽죏캪ꎬ탐헾컊퓰훆횸ꆰ쳘뚨뗄컊퓰훷쳥헫뛔룷벶헾뢮벰웤릫컱풱돐떣뗄횰퓰뫍틥컱뗄싄탐쟩뿶뛸쪵쪩뗄ꆢ늢튪쟳웤ꋚ돐떣럱뚨탔뷡맻뗄튻훖맦랶ꆣꆱ쯎쳎죏캪ꎬ탐헾컊퓰쫇횸탐헾죋풱폐틥컱뻍폫웤릤ퟷꋛ횰퓰폐맘뗄릤ퟷ벨킧벰짧믡킧맻뷓쫜퓰죎쫚좨죋뗄훊톯늢돐떣쿠펦뗄뒦샭뷡맻ꆣ 죃컒쏇뾴뾴쫀뷧틸탐볒ퟩ뗄맛뗣ꆣ쯻쏇냑탐헾컊퓰뾴돉튻룶맽돌ꎬ쯻쏇뗄뚨틥죧쿂ꎺꆰ탐헾컊퓰쫇튻룶뻟폐잰햰탔뗄맽돌ꎬ춨맽쯼ꎬ헾뢮맙풱튪뻍웤탐헾뻶닟ꆢ탐헾탐ꋜ캪뫍탐헾뷡맻뷸탐뷢쫍뫍헽좷탔뗄뇧뮤ꎬ늢뻝듋뷓쫜쪧퓰뗄돍랣ꆱ헢튻뷧뚨뇭쏷ꎬ탐헾컊퓰늻뷶몬폐ힷ뺿퓰죎뗄틢쮼ꎬ튲몬폐ꆰ컊ꆱ뗄맽돌ꎬ늢늻쫇볲떥뗄퓰죎ힷ뺿ꆣ쪵볊짏ꎬ냑탐헾컊퓰볲떥뗘폫퓰죎ힷ뺿뮮뗈뫅쫇뛔탐헾컊퓰쓚몭뗄욬쏦샭뷢ꆣ컒쏇늻쓜냑탐헾컊퓰볲떥뗘샭뷢캪퓰죎ힷ뺿ꎬ퓚헢튻맽돌훐ꎬ뮹튪폐놻컊퓰뛔쿳뗄뇧뮤ꆢ뷢쫍뫍쮵쏷ꎬ펦룃냑탐헾컊퓰뾴돉쫇컊퓰훷쳥폫컊퓰뛔쿳뗄뮥뚯맽돌ꆣ쯹틔ꎬힼ좷췪헻뗄샭뷢탐헾컊퓰늻뷶뷶냼삨퓰죎ힷ뺿ꎬ뮹냼삨튻룶ꆰ컊ꆱ뗄맽돌ꆣ릫쏱뫍릫쏱짧믡ퟩ횯튪쟳헾뢮벰웤릫컱풱뇘탫싺ퟣ릫훚뗄횪쟩좨ꎬ쯻쏇뇘탫퓚릫쏱믲릫쏱짧믡ퟩ횯쳡돶튪쟳쪱ꎬ뛔웤탐헾뻶닟ꆢ탐헾횴탐틔벰탐헾뷡맻뗈믮뚯ퟷ돶릫뾪쏷좷뗄뷢쫍ꆢ쮵쏷뫍뇧뮤ꆣ 쯤좻헾뢮뿉틔춨맽ퟔ짭뗄얬솦틔벰튻쾵쇐탐횮폐킧뗄듫쪩살룄뷸헾뢮벨킧ꎬ떫쫇죧맻쓜틽죫릫쏱닎폫ꎬ쪹릫쏱뫍릫쏱짧믡ퟩ횯퓚탐헾컊퓰훐냧퇝훘튪뷇즫ꎬ쓇쎴탐헾컊퓰뗄쪵쪩튲탭믡룼뻟쪵킧ꆣ쫀뷧틸탐뷼쓪퓚랢햹훐맺볒쯹뷸탐뗄쪵볹뷡맻폐솦뗘횤쏷쇋헢 ꋙ 몫붣쟙ꎺꆶ붨솢퓰죎헾뢮뗄탂첽쯷ꆪ탐헾컊퓰훆ꆷꎬ첽쯷폫헹쏹ꎬ2004쓪뗚8웚ꎬ뗚20-21튳ꆣ ꋚ 훜퇇풽ꎺꆶ탐헾컊퓰훆뗄쓚몭벰웤틢틥ꆷꎬ샭싛폫룄룯,2004쓪뗚4웚ꎬ뗚42튳ꆣ ꋛ 쯎쳎ꎺꆶ탐헾컊퓰룅쓮벰쓚몭뇦컶ꆷꎬ짮?듳톧톧놨ꎨ죋컄짧믡뿆톧냦ꎩꎬ2005쓪뗚2웚ꎬ뗚42-46튳ꆣ ꋜ 쫀뷧틸탐볒ퟩꎺꆶ릫릲늿쏅뗄짧믡컊퓰ꎺ샭쓮첽쳖벰쒣쪽럖컶ꆷꎬ놱뺩ꎬ훐맺죋쏱듳톧돶냦짧ꎬ2007쓪ꎬ헽컄뗚13튳ꆣ 9
컒맺탐헾컊퓰훐뗄릫쏱닎폫퇐뺿 튻뗣ꆣ쫀뷧틸탐냑헢훖릫쏱뫍릫쏱짧믡ퟩ횯닎폫뗄컊퓰돆캪짧믡컊퓰ꆣ쫀뷧틸탐붫짧믡컊퓰뚨틥캪ꆰ튻훖틀뾿릫쏱닎폫살볓잿탐헾컊퓰뗄컊퓰춾뺶ꎬ쯼춨맽웕춨뗄쫐쏱믲릫쏱ꋙ짧믡ퟩ횯ꎬ틔횱뷓믲볤뷓뗄랽쪽살췆뷸탐헾컊퓰ꆣꆱ퓚헢튻맽돌훐ꎬ릫쏱뫍릫쏱짧믡ퟩ횯뿉틔춨맽룷훖춾뺶뛔헾뢮벰웤릫컱풱뗄믮뚯뷸탐ꆰ컊ꆱꎬ뻍쫇쓜릻뛔헾뢮벰웤릫컱풱뗄좨솦탐쪹ꆢ횰퓰싄탐뗈믮뚯뷸탐엺움붨틩ꆢ쳡컊ꆢ훊톯ꆢ움볛ꆢ짳닩뫍쯟쯏ꆣ퓚릫쏱뫍릫쏱짧믡ퟩ횯뷸탐헢훖ꆰ컊ꆱ뗄탐캪쪱ꎬ헾뢮벰웤릫컱풱뇘탫폐쯹믘펦ꎬ쯻쏇뇘탫뻍릫쏱뫍릫쏱짧믡ퟩ횯쳡컊뗄쫂쟩뷸탐뷢쫍ꆢ쮵쏷뫍뇧뮤ꆣꆰ퓚풭폐뗄튪쟳훐ꎬ헾뢮맙쇅붫웤헋늾럅퓚냬릫ퟀ짏ꎬ맽췹헟뛔웤횻쓜쫇뺪뫨튻욳ꎻ퓚탂뗄튪쟳쿂ꎬ맙쇅쏇뗄헢훖ퟶ램쫇풶풶늻릻뗄ꎬ쯻쏇뇘탫훷뚯뗘뷢쫍뫍믘듰쯻쏇헽퓚ퟶ쪲쎴ꎬ짵훁폃틗폚샭뷢뗄폯ꋚ퇔좥횤쪵웤헽좷탔ꆣꆱ 춨맽틔짏뗄럖컶ꎬ뇊헟죏캪ꎬ탐헾컊퓰쫇튻룶맽돌ꎬ맙풱랸듭놻ힷ뺿퓰죎횻쫇헢룶맽돌뗄튻룶뮷뷚ꎬ늢쟒헢룶뮷뷚늢늻쫇럇돶쿖늻뿉뗄ꆣ헽죧뇊헟퓚틽퇔훐쯹쮵뗄ꎬ죧맻쓜춨맽퓰죎ힷ뺿횮잰뗄ꆰ컊ꆱ듯떽룄짆헾뢮벨킧뗄돵훔ꎬퟜ뇈릫쏱샻틦뫍릫릲샻틦쫜쯰횮뫳돍랣쒳룶맙풱룼살뗃쪵믝냉ꆣ쯹틔뇊헟쟣쿲폚퓚튻룶룼뿭랺뗄샭뷢훐뷧뚨탐헾컊퓰ꎬ벴탐헾컊퓰쫇튻룶돖탸뗄맽돌ꎬ볈냼몬ퟅ컊퓰훷쳥뗄ꆰ컊헾ꆱ맽돌뫍컊퓰뛔쿳뗄듰뇧맽돌ꎬ튲냼몬ퟅ쪧횰캥램뗄컊퓰뛔쿳놻퓰죎ힷ뺿뗄맽돌ꆣ ꎨ뛾ꎩ릫쏱닎폫 퓚죋샠샺쪷짏ꎬ릫쏱뛔폚헾훎믮뚯뗄닎폫ퟮ퓧쪼폚맅쾣산뗄퇅뗤ꎬ떱쪱횻튪쫇돇냮릫쏱뚼뿉틔ퟔ평뗘랢뇭헾볻뫍닎폫돇냮뗄헾훎믮뚯ꆣ쿖듺뗄ꆰ릫쏱닎폫ꆱ튻듊뗄ퟮ퓧쳡돶헟쫇뛾햽잰뫳뗄튻킩퇐뺿뇈뷏헾훎뗄얷쏀톧헟ꆣ훸쏻톧헟낲쮹첹죏캪ꎬꆰ릫쏱닎폫쫇튻훖릫쏱좨솦뗄퓋폃ꎬ쫇튻훖좨솦뗄퓙럖엤ꎬ쪹쒿잰퓚헾훎ꆢ뺭볃뗈믮뚯훐ꎬ컞램헆컕ꋛ좨솦뗄쏱훚ꎬ웤틢볻퓚캴살쓜폐볆뮮뗘놻쇐죫뾼싇ꆣꆱ ꆶ늼삳뿋캬뛻헾훎톧냙뿆좫쫩ꆷ죏캪ꎬꆰ릫쏱닎폫횸닎폫훆뚨ꆢ춨맽믲맡뎹릫릲헾닟뗄탐뚯ꆣ헢튻뿭랺뗄뚨틥쫊폃폚듓 ꋙ The World Bank: Social Accountability: An Introduction to the Concept and Emerging Practice. Social Development Paper ,.:The World Bank,2004. ꋚ 쫀뷧틸탐볒ퟩꎺꆶ릫릲늿쏅뗄짧믡컊퓰ꎺ샭쓮첽쳖벰쒣쪽럖컶ꆷꎬ놱뺩ꎬ훐맺죋쏱듳톧돶냦짧ꎬ2007쓪ꎬ헽컄뗚8튳ꆣ ꋛ Arnstein , SherryꎺA Ladder of Citizen Participation. Journal of American Institute of Planners, 1969, (35). P30. 틽ퟔ떳탣퓆ꎺꆶ싛릫릲맜샭훐뗄릫쏱닎폫ꆷꎬ훐맺탐헾맜샭ꎬ2003쓪뗚10웚ꎬ뗚33튳ꆣ 10
뗚튻헂 릫쏱닎폫탐헾컊퓰뗄샭싛럖컶 쫂헢샠탐캪뗄죎뫎죋ꎬ컞싛쯻쫇떱톡뗄헾훎볒ꆢ헾훎맙풱믲쫇웕춨릫쏱ꎬ횻튪쯻쫇퓚헾ꋙ훎훆뛈쓚틔죎뫎랽쪽닎폫헾닟뗄탎돉맽돌ꆣꆱ 쯦ퟅ쿖듺헾훎샭싛뗄뷸늽뫍탐헾쏱훷샭싛뗄랢햹ꎬ릫쏱닎폫뗄쓚몭뫍랶캧뚼퓚늻뛏삩듳ꎬ듓풭살훷튪잿뗷헾훎닎폫훰붥쿲닎폫릫릲탐헾째춸ꆣ뇈죧ꎬ볓즭뫍췾솮쒷쮹쳡돶ꎬꆰ릫쏱닎폫쫇퓚랽낸뗄횴탐뫍맜샭랽쏦ꎬ헾뢮쳡릩룼뛠쪩헾믘삡뗄쟾뗀틔믘펦쏱틢ꎬ늢ꋚ쪹쏱훚쓜틔룼횱뷓뗄랽쪽닎폫릫릲쫂컱ꎬ틔벰뷓뒥럾컱쏱훚뗄릫컱믺맘뗄탐뚯ꆣꆱ헢룶뷧뚨쏷쿔쫇횸릫쏱횱뷓닎폫릫릲탐헾믮뚯ꆣ뻍쿱헾훎뫍탐헾횮볤쓑럖쓑뷢뗄맘쾵튻퇹ꎬ릫쏱뗄헾훎닎폫뫍탐헾닎폫횮볤뗄뇟뷧쯆뫵튲풽살풽쒣뫽ꆣ틲캪ꎬ늻싛쫇릫쏱뗄헾훎닎폫뮹쫇탐헾닎폫ꎬ쯻쏇닎폫뗄쒿뗄벸뫵뚼쫇튻퇹뗄ꎬ벴뚼쫇춨맽닎폫쫔춼펰쿬헾뢮뗄뻶닟뫍탐캪ꎬ틔쪵쿖뫍캬뮤릫쏱ퟔ짭뗄뫏램좨틦뫍릫릲샻틦ꎬ듙뷸헾뢮뗄솼뫃뗄훎샭ꆣ 믹폚틔짏톧헟뛔릫쏱닎폫뗄뷧뚨틔벰놾컄뗄퇐뺿쓚죝ꎬ놾컄쯹횸뗄탐헾컊퓰훐뗄릫쏱닎폫ꎬ쫇횸릫쏱룶죋믲릫쏱짧믡ퟩ횯캪쇋캬뮤릫릲샻틦뫍릫쏱뗄뫏램좨틦ꎬ춨맽튻뚨뗄탎쪽ꎬ뛔헾뢮벰웤탐헾죋풱뗄탐헾뻶닟ꆢ탐헾횴탐ꆢ탐헾뷡맻뫍맙풱탐캪뷸탐뗄엺움붨틩ꆢ쯟쟳뇭듯ꆢ훊톯ꆢ쳽횤ꆢ움볛ꆢ짳닩ꆢ쯟쯏뗈ꎬ쫇탐헾컊퓰뗄ꆰ컊ꆱ뗄뮷뷚ꆣ죧맻퓚ꆰ컊ꆱ뗄뮷뷚릫쏱랢쿖컊쳢횮뫳뿉틔쿲볠뚽믺맘랢웰탐헾컊퓰ꎬ틔웚볠뚽믺맘웴뚯뺿퓰돌탲ꎬ뛔릫쏱쯹쟫뷸탐뗷닩뫍짳샭ꎬ뻀헽헾뢮뗄늻떱탐캪ꎬ뒦샭쿠맘퓰죎죋ꆣ헢튻맽돌훐ꎬ놻컊퓰뛔쿳폐좨뛔쯹짦컊쳢뷸탐뇧뮤ꆢ뷢쫍뫍쮵쏷ꆣ놾컄쯹횸뗄릫쏱볈냼삨릫쏱룶쳥ꎬ튲냼삨평릫쏱룶쳥ퟩ돉뗄뫏램뗄릫쏱짧믡ퟩ횯ꆣ ꎨ죽ꎩ탐헾컊퓰훐릫쏱닎폫뗄쓚몭 탐헾컊퓰훐뗄릫쏱닎폫폐웤뛀쳘뗄쓚몭ꆣ뇊헟죏캪ꎬ탐헾컊퓰훐뗄릫쏱닎폫쓚몭냼삨틔쿂랽쏦ꆣ 웤튻ꎬ릫쏱닎폫뗄훷쳥ꆣ룹뻝컒맺쿜램뗄맦뚨ꎬ쎿튻룶릫쏱뚼뿉틔닎폫뛔헾뢮릤ퟷ뗄움볛틔벰쳡돶엺움뫍붨틩뗈ꎬ듓헢룶틢틥짏붲ꎬ릫쏱닎폫헟뗄랶캧쫇쿠떱엓듳뗄ꆣퟮ맣틥뗄샭뷢ꎬ횻튪쫇폐닎폫틢풸뫍닎폫쓜솦뗄릫쏱뚼뿉틔닎폫ꆣ떫쫇컒쏇퓚듋뇘탫힢틢뗄쫇ꎬ릫쏱닎폫뗄쒿뗄늻뷶뷶쫇캪쇋쪵쿖릫쏱좨샻ꎬ룼훘튪뗄쫇릫쏱닎폫쯹쪵쿖뗄볛횵ꎺ잿뮯헾뢮뗄럾컱샭쓮ꎬ뚽듙헾뢮싄탐횰퓰ꎬ쳡룟헾뢮탐헾뗄킧싊ꎬ쳡룟탐헾뻶닟뗄뿆톧탔ꎬ췆뷸틀램탐헾틔벰캬뮤릫릲샻틦뗈ꆣ캪쇋헢킩솼뫃뗄쒿뗄ꎬ닎폫헟뗄랶캧뻍늻쓜쫇 ꋙ [펢]듷캬ꆤ쏗샕뗈ꎺꆶ늼삳뿋캬뛻헾훎톧냙뿆좫쫩ꆷꎬ놱뺩ꎬ훐맺헾램듳톧돶냦짧ꎬ 1992쓪ꎬ뗚563튳ꆣ틽ퟔ췵캬맺ꎺꆶ릫쏱폐탲헾훎닎폫뗄춾뺶ꆷꎬ놱뺩ꎬ죋쏱돶냦짧ꎬ2007쓪ꎬ뗚87튳ꆣ ꋚ 틽ퟔ떳탣퓆ꎺꆶ싛릫릲맜샭훐뗄릫쏱닎폫ꆷꎬ훐맺탐헾맜샭ꎬ2003뗚10웚ꎬ뗚33튳ꆣ 11
컒맺탐헾컊퓰훐뗄릫쏱닎폫퇐뺿 쯦틢좷뚨믲헟늻볓톡퓱뗄쇋ꆣ떱떥룶릫쏱뗄좨샻놻탐헾좨솦쟖몦쪱ꎬ쫜몦헟쫇떱좻뗄닎폫헟ꎬ쯻폐좨쿲좨솦볠뚽믺맘랢웰뛔쟖랸쯻좨샻뗄탐헾믺맘믲헟릫컱풱뷸탐컊퓰ꎻ떱튻룶좺쳥뗄헽떱좨틦놻탐헾좨솦쟖몦쪱ꎬ쯹폐뗄샻틦쿠맘헟뚼쫇닎폫헟ꎬ쯻쏇뿉틔ퟩ횯웰살뗖훆탐헾좨솦뗄쟖몦탐캪ꎻ떱짦벰떽릫릲샻틦뗄캬뮤쪱ꎬ쎿튻룶릫쏱뚼폐좨샻랢웰컊퓰ꆣ떱짦벰떽쿠뛔뇈뷏튵뗄컊퓰쇬폲쪱ꎬ닎폫헟ퟮ뫃쫇쿠맘볒좺쳥믲튵짧믡ퟩ횯ꎬ횻폐헢퇹닅쓜놣횤닎폫뗄훊솿ꆣ 웤뛾ꎬ릫쏱닎폫뗄랶캧ꆣ탐헾컊퓰훐릫쏱닎폫뗄랶캧뇈뷏죝틗뷧뚨ꎬ뻟쳥살쮵냼삨틔쿂벸룶랽쏦ꆣ튻쫇짦벰릫쏱룶죋뫏램좨틦뗄쫂볾ꎬ뇈죧탐헾쟖좨ꆢ탐헾늻ퟷ캪ꎻ뛾쫇짦벰릫릲샻틦뗄쫂볾ꎬ뇈죧맙풱첰컛뢯냜ꆢ쪧횰횰ꆢ샄폃좨솦ꆢ뮷뺳컛좾뗈ꎻ죽쫇짦벰떽좺쳥릫쏱샻틦뗄쫂볾ꎬ뇈죧랿컝닰잨ꆢ췁뗘헷폃ꆢ돶ퟢ뎵맜샭ꆢ샍뻀럗ꆢ틆쏱낲훃뗈ꆣ쯄쫇짦벰떽헾뢮탎쿳뗄컊쳢ꎬ뇈죧릫컱풱틂맚늻헻ꆢ럾컱첬뛈닮ꆢ탐캪늻볬뗣뗈ꆣ 웤죽ꎬ릫쏱닎폫뗄뚯믺ꆣ쒿잰컒맺헽뒦폚짧믡탍웚ꎬ룷훖샻틦좺쳥럖뮯ꆢ훘ퟩꆢ헻뫏ꎬ헾뢮뗄횰쓜튲뒦폚튻훖뇤뚯늻뻓뗄ힴ첬ꎬ램훆늻붡좫ꆢ훆뛈늻킭뗷ꆢ헾뢮탐캪늻맦랶ꆢ릫릲헾닟늻쓜돤럖쳥쿖룷랽샻틦쯟쟳ꆢ탐헾쟖좨탐캪쪱폐랢짺ꆣ떱잰뒫쎽맣랺놨뗀뗄맙풱뢯냜ꆢ샄폃횰좨ꆢ쪧횰횰탐캪틔벰헾뢮퓚랿컝닰잨ꆢ얩듥헷뗘ꆢ뒦샭샍뻀럗ꆢ틆쏱낲훃ꆢ뮷뺳컛좾훎샭뗈랽쏦쯰몦릫쏱룶죋좨틦뫍릫릲샻틦뗄탐캪쪱뎣랢짺ꆣ떱헾훎쳥훆쓚늿뗄훆뛈낲업늻쓜폐킧캬뮤릫쏱샻틦뫍릫릲샻틦쪱ꎬ쓇쎴릫쏱룶쳥뫍릫쏱짧믡ퟩ횯뻍펦떱탐뚯웰살ꎬ춨맽룷훖뫏램뗄랽쪽뇭듯쯟쟳ꎬ캬뮤릫쏱룶쳥뗄뫏램좨틦뫍릫릲샻틦ꆣ 웤쯄ꎬ릫쏱닎폫뗄짮뛈ꆣퟜ쳥짏뾴ꎬ떽쒿잰캪횹ꎬ릫쏱닎폫뗄컊퓰퓚닎폫짮뛈짏뮹뒦폚뇈뷏뗍뗄닣듎ꆣ떼훂헢훖ힴ뿶뗄풭틲훷튪폐틔쿂벸뗣ꆣ뗚튻ꎬ헾뢮늿쏅ퟜ쫇잧랽냙볆뗘짨램ퟨ횹릫쏱짮닣듎뗘닎폫릫릲쫂컱ꎬ쯻쏇뗄뷨뿚튻냣쫇쳖싛뗄쓚죝짦벰맺볒믺쏜ꎬ늻쫊뫏릫쏱릫뾪닎폫ꎻ뗚뛾ꎬ릫쏱퓚닎폫컊퓰뗄맽돌훐튲듦퓚ퟅ튻룶닎폫쿞뛈뗄컊쳢ꎬ벴릫쏱ퟩ횯퓚닎폫훐뇘탫놣돖ퟔ벺뗄뛀솢뫍ퟔ훷뗄뗘캻ꎬ럱퓲릫쏱닎폫컊퓰뗄뿍맛탔뻍횵뗃뮳틉쇋ꎻ뗚죽ꎬ훚뛠뗄닎폫컊퓰뗄릫쏱짧믡ퟩ횯쪹폃뗄뷰살ퟔ헾뢮ꎬ헢퇹뗄뮰쏢늻쇋폐튻룶돔죋볒뗄ퟬ뛌뗄컊쳢ꎬ헢튲펰쿬쇋릫쏱닎폫뗄짮뛈ꆣ 뛾ꆢ릫쏱닎폫탐헾컊퓰뗄샭싛틀뻝 릫쏱닎폫랢웰뛔헾뢮벰웤릫컱풱뗄컊퓰볠뚽ꎬ늻쫇컞풴횮쮮ꎬ컞룹횮쒾ꎬ뛸쫇폐ퟅ볡쪵뗄샭싛틀뻝ꆣ뇊헟죏캪ꎬ릫쏱닎폫랢웰컊퓰뗄샭싛틀뻝폐쯄룶ꎺ벴죋쏱훷좨샭싛ꆢ12
뗚튻헂 릫쏱닎폫탐헾컊퓰뗄샭싛럖컶 캯췐-듺샭샭싛ꆢ릫릲톡퓱샭싛틔벰훎샭폫짆훎샭싛ꆣ퓚놾뷚ꎬ뇊헟붫뻍헢쯄훖샭싛럖뇰뷸탐닻쫍ꆣ ꎨ튻ꎩ죋쏱훷좨샭싛 죋쏱훷좨쫇횸맺볒믲헾뢮뗄ퟮ룟좨솦살풴폚좫쳥죋쏱ꎬퟮ훕좨솦쫴폚좫쳥죋쏱ꎬ벴맺볒믲헾뢮뗄ퟮ룟좨솦ꆰ쏱폐ꆱꎬ늢쟒헢훖살풴폚죋쏱뗄좨솦쫇헾뢮믲맺볒좨솦뗄뫏램뮯뗄잰쳡ꆣ샠쯆헢훖몬틥뗄죋쏱훷좨ퟷ캪튻훖쮼쿫맛쓮퓚컷랽돶쿖뷏퓧ꎬ얷훞훚뛠웴쏉쮼쿫볒죧늼떤ꆢ룱샍탣쮹뗈뛔죋쏱훷좨쮼쿫뗄랢햹ퟷ돶쇋훘튪릱쿗ꆣ싥뿋쫇죋쏱훷좨샭싛뗄벯듳돉헟ꎬ웤톧쮵놻쿖듺쿜램뫍쿜헾쯹쪵볹ꆣ싥뿋폃ퟔ좻ힴ첬쮵ꆢ쳬뢳죋좨싛뫍짧믡웵풼싛살싛횤헾뢮뗄좨솦살풴폚죋쏱늢ퟮ훕캪죋쏱쯹폐ꆣ싥뿋뗄죋쏱훷좨맛뗣듳쳥죧쿂ꎺ퓚죋샠뷸죫릫쏱짧믡믲헾훎짧믡틔잰ꎬ죋쏇뒦폚ퟔ좻ힴ첬훐ꆣ헢훖ퟔ좻ힴ첬쫇튻훖욽뗈뗄ꆢퟔ평뗄ힴ첬ꆣ죋쏇뾿ퟔ좻램ꎬ벴샭탔ꎬ살놣뮤ퟔ벺뗄샻틦뫍캬돖짧믡훈탲ꎬ쎿룶죋ퟔ벺살횴탐ퟔ좻램ꎬ벴쫇ퟔ벺낸볾뗄램맙ꆣ평폚ퟔ좻ힴ첬듦퓚훖훖늻뇣ꎬ쎿룶죋뇣폫웤쯻죋잩뚩짧믡웵풼ꎬ붻돶ퟔ벺뗄튻늿럖ퟔ좻좨샻붨솢헾뢮ꎬ뷸죫릫쏱짧믡믲헾훎짧믡ꆣ죋쏇솪뫏돉캪맺볒뫍훃짭폚헾뢮횮쿂뗄훘듳뗄뫍훷튪뗄쒿뗄ꎬ쫇놣뮤쯻쏇뗄닆닺뫍죋짭낲좫ꆣ듯떽헢룶쒿뗄뗄ퟮ훘튪뗄릤뻟뫍쫖뛎쫇쓇룶짧믡쯹훆뚨뗄램싉ꎬ틲뛸솢램좨ꎬ늻싛쫇쫴폚튻룶죋믲뷏뛠뗄죋ꎬ늻싛뺭뎣믲뚨웚듦퓚ꎬ쫇쎿룶맺볒훐뗄ퟮ룟좨솦ꆣ떫솢램좨튪쫜죋쏱뗄틢횾뫍샻틦뗄쿞훆ꆣ떱솢램믺맘캥랴죋쏇뚩솢짧믡웵풼뗄돵훔ꎬ쟖몦죋쏱뗄샻틦뗄쪱뫲ꎬ죋쏱폐좨솦쫕믘쫚좨ꎬ뷢즢솢램믺맘ꎻ뛸떱솢램믺맘벰웤횴탐믺맘놩얰뗘훆뚨뫍횴탐램싉뗄쪱뫲ꎬ죋쏱쿭폐ퟮ훕뗄랴뾹뗄좨샻ꆣ 슬쯳쫇싥뿋횮뫳쇭튻룶죋쏱훷좨싛뗄벯듳돉헟ꎬ퓚죋쏱훷좨뗄살풴짏ꎬ슬쯳튲틔ퟔ좻ힴ첬ꆢ쳬뢳죋좨뫍짧믡웵풼캪잰쳡ꎬ폫싥뿋뗄맛뗣듳쳥쿠춬ꆣ슬쯳잿뗷죋쏱쫇훷좨뗄돐떣헟ꎬ죋쏱훷좨룟폚튻쟐ꆣ퓚쯻뾴살ꎬ펦평죋쏱헆컕솢램좨솦ꎺꆰ솢램좨솦쫇쫴폚죋ꋙ쏱뗄ꎬ뛸쟒횻쓜쫇쫴폚죋쏱뗄ꆣꆱ헾뢮횻늻맽쫇훷좨뗄횴탐죋ꎬ헾뢮뢺퓰횴탐램싉늢캬돖짧믡뫍헾훎뗄ퟔ평ꆣ죋쏱횮쯹틔럾듓헾뢮ꎬꆰ췪좫쫇튻훖캯췐ꎬ쫇튻훖죎폃ꎻ퓚쓇샯쯻쏇뷶뷶쫇훷좨헟뗄맙샴ꎬ쫇틔훷좨헟뗄쏻틥퓚탐쪹ퟅ훷좨헟쯹췐뢶룸쯻쏇뗄좨솦ꎬꋚ뛸쟒횻튪훷좨헟룟탋ꎬ쯻뻍뿉틔쿞훆ꆢ룄뇤뫍쫕믘헢훖좨솦ꆣꆱ슬쯳횸돶ꎺꆰ탐헾좨솦뗄쫜죎헟뻸늻쫇죋쏱뗄훷죋ꎬ뛸횻쫇죋쏱뗄맙샴ꎬ횻튪죋쏱풸틢뻍뿉틔캯췐쯻쏇ꎬ튲뿉틔뎷뮻쯻쏇ꎬ뛔폚헢킩맙샴살쮵ꎬ뻸늻쫇쪲쎴뚩풼뗄컊쳢ꎬ뛸횻쫇럾듓뗄컊쳢ꎬ뛸쟒 ꋙ [램]슬쯳ꎺꆶ짧믡웵풼싛ꆷꎬ놱뺩ꎬ짌컱펡쫩망ꎬ1982쓪ꎬ뗚75-76튳ꆣ ꋚ [램]슬쯳ꎺꆶ짧믡웵풼싛ꆷꎬ놱뺩ꎬ짌컱펡쫩망ꎬ1982쓪ꎬ뗚77튳ꆣ 13
컒맺탐헾컊퓰훐뗄릫쏱닎폫퇐뺿 퓚돐떣맺볒쯹뢳폨쯻쏇횰컱뗄쪱뫲ꎬ쯻쏇횻늻맽쫇퓚싄탐ퟔ벺뗄릫쏱틥컱ꎬ뛸늢쎻폐틔ꋙ죎뫎랽쪽살헹싛쳵볾뗄좨샻ꆣꆱ 쯤좻맺볒훷좨쫴폚좫쳥죋쏱쯹폐ꎬ떫쫇죋쏱늢늻횱뷓탐쪹헢훖좨솦ꎬ뛸쫇붫횮쫚폨튻뚨뗄맺볒믺릹좥탐쪹ꎬ늢쟒듺뇭죋쏱탐쪹맺볒좨솦뗄믺릹튲늻뿉틔죎틢쪹폃헢훖좨솦ꎬ뛸쫇폐쯹풼쫸ꆣ맺볒춨맽튻뚨뗄맦퓲ꎬ내헕죋쏱뗄틢횾ꎬ톡냎돶쓜릻듺뇭죋쏱틢횾뗄좨솦탐쪹훷쳥살맜샭릫릲쫂컱ꆣ헾뢮뻍쫇헢훖좨솦훷쳥뗄훘튪ퟩ돉늿럖ꆣ평폚헾뢮뗄좨솦살ퟔ죋쏱뗄쫚폨ꎬ뇘탫쳽쏼폚죋쏱ꎬ떱헾뢮늻내죋쏱뗄틢횾탐쫂쪱ꎬ죋쏱뻍폐좨컊퓰ꎬ틲캪놾살쫴폚죋쏱뗄좨솦놻헾뢮샄폃쇋ꎬ뿉볻ꎬ죋쏱훷좨샭싛쫇릫쏱컊퓰뗄떱좻샭싛틀뻝ꆣ ꎨ뛾ꎩ캯췐-듺샭샭싛 캯췐-듺샭샭싛쫗쿈돶쿖뫍펦폃폚뺭볃쇬폲ꎬ쫇평싞쮹ꆢ햲즭폫싳뿋쇖퓚짏쫀볍웟쪮쓪듺ퟮ퓧쳡돶ꆣ룃샭싛릴샕쇋튻훖탅쾢늻뛔돆ힴ뿶쿂뗄붻틗맘쾵ꎬ퓚헢훖붻틗맘쾵훐ꎬ캯췐죋릺싲듺샭죋뗄튵뮯뗄럾컱뫍맜샭닅쓜ꎬ죃듺샭죋탐쪹캯췐죋쫚좨뗄좨솦캪캯췐죋뒴퓬킧틦ꆣ떫쫇퓚뻟쳥쫂컱뗄퓋ퟷ맽돌훐ꎬ듺샭죋쪵볊헆맜ퟅ쫂컱ꎬ뿘훆ퟅ뇈쯻뗄캯췐죋뛠뗃뛠뗄탅쾢ꎬ듓뛸폐쳵볾튲폐뿉쓜뷨훺헢훖폅쫆살뻰좡룼뛠뗄쮽죋샻틦ꎬ평듋뿉쓜믡룸캯췐죋퓬돉듳솿뗄샻틦쯰쪧ꆣ틲듋ꎬ캯췐-듺샭샭싛쫗쿈튪뷢뻶뗄튻룶맘볼컊쳢뻍쫇퓵퇹볠뚽뫍훆풼듺샭죋ꎬ짨훃뛔듺샭죋뗄훆뫢폫풼쫸믺훆살뿋럾잱퓚뗄듺샭죋뗄좨솦샄폃뫍톡퓱욫닮ꎬ좻뫳춨맽훆뚨뛔듺샭죋뗄벤샸믺훆살맄샸듺샭죋쳡릩헦쪵뗄탅쾢ꎬ늢웈쪹듺샭죋닉좡뛔캯췐죋폐샻뗄뻶닟탐캪ꎬퟮ듳뿉쓜뗘붵뗍틲듺샭죋좨솦탐쪹얤쟺뛸룸캯췐죋퓬돉뗄쯰쪧ꆣ 뛔폚쿖쪵짺믮훐뗄릫릲탐헾맜샭뗄쪵볹뛸퇔ꎬ얷컄ꆤEꆤ택쮹뷌쫚죏캪ꆰ헾뢮폫릫쏱횮볤뿉틔놻쫓캪튻훖캯췐-듺샭맘쾵ꎬ틲캪헾뢮뇘탫헷뗃릫쏱춬틢늢틔웤쏻틥뷸탐훎ꋚ샭ꆣ틲듋헾뢮뇘탫싺ퟣ웤캪횮럾컱뗄릫쏱뗄샻틦ꆱꆣ릫쏱ퟷ캪캯췐죋쿲헾뢮쳡돶럾컱캯췐쟫쟳ꎬ헾뢮ퟷ캪듺샭죋뷓쫜릫쏱뗄캯췐쟫쟳늢쿲릫쏱ퟷ돶돐억ꎬ쳡릩럻뫏릫릲샻틦뗄럾컱ꆣ헢훖헾뢮폫릫쏱횮볤뗄캯췐-듺샭맘쾵뇭쿖퓚컊퓰맘쾵짏ꎬ릫쏱ퟷ캪캯췐죋쫇컊퓰훷쳥ꎬ헾뢮ퟷ캪듺샭죋쫇컊퓰뿍쳥ꎨ뛔쿳ꎩꎬ뛸붨솢퓚캯췐-듺샭맘쾵믹뒡횮짏뗄컊퓰맽돌뻟폐잿훆탔뗄몬틥ꎬ릫쏱ퟷ캪캯췐죋뇘탫훆뚨폐킧뗄퓰죎믺훆살뛔헾뢮벰웤릫컱풱쪵쪩볠뚽뫍풼쫸ꆣ퓚헾뢮폫릫쏱뗄캯췐-듺샭맘쾵훐ꎬ헾뢮퓰죎뗄헽좷싄탐돉캪릹 ꋙ [램]슬쯳ꎺꆶ짧믡웵풼싛ꆷꎬ놱뺩ꎬ짌컱펡쫩망ꎬ1982쓪ꎬ뗚132튳ꆣ ꋚ [냄]얷컄ꆤEꆤ택쮹ꎺꆶ릫릲맜샭떼싛(뗚죽냦)ꆷꎬ놱뺩ꎬ훐맺죋쏱듳톧돶냦짧ꎬ2007쓪ꎬ뗚279튳ꆣ 14
뗚튻헂 릫쏱닎폫탐헾컊퓰뗄샭싛럖컶 돉헢훖캯췐-듺샭맘쾵듦탸뗄ퟮ훘튪튪볾ꆣ죧맻ퟷ캪듺샭죋뗄헾뢮컞램폐킧믘펦릫쏱뗄웚췻뫍탨튪ꎬ뻍폐뿉쓜돶쿖캯췐죋뛔웤닺짺탅죎캣믺뗄캣쿕ꎬ헢튻뷡맻믡캣벰캯췐-듺샭맘쾵뗄뎤뻃캬쾵ꆣ틲듋ꎬ캪쇋좷놣헾뢮벰웤릫컱풱쓜릻폫릫쏱뷸탐솼뫃뗄탅쾢릵춨폫붻뮻ꎬ쪹잰헟쓜믽벫뗘훷뚯돐떣뫍헽좷싄탐퓰죎ꎬ틔쪵쿖캯췐죋샻틦뗄ퟮ듳뮯ꎬ뻍뇘탫짨솢쏷좷뗄몭룇룷벶헾뢮ꆢ룷헾뢮늿쏅벰릫컱풱뗄퓰죎믺훆ꆢ벤샸믺훆뫍퓰죎ힷ뺿믺훆ꆣ릫쏱컊퓰뗄훆뛈짨볆뾼싇떽릫쏱퓚헢튻컊퓰맘쾵훐훷튪쫇캪쇋캬뮤ퟔ벺뗄샻틦ꎬ틲듋뻟폐돤ퟣ뗄컊퓰뚯솦ꆣ ꎨ죽ꎩ릫릲톡퓱샭싛 릫릲톡퓱샭싛쫇떱듺컷랽뺭볃톧뗄튻룶훘튪럖횧ꎬ쯼쪹폃뺭볃톧뗄퇐뺿랽램퇐뺿헾훎ꎬ냑헾뢮ퟷ캪퇐뺿뛔쿳쓉죫떽쯼뗄럖컶뿲볜횮훐ꆣ룃엉톧헟냑죋샠짧믡뾴ퟷ평솽룶쫐뎡ꎬ벴뺭볃쫐뎡뫍헾훎쫐뎡ퟩ돉ꆣ뺭볃쫐뎡쓚뗄믮뚯훷쳥냼삨쿻럑헟뫍뎧짌ꎻ헾훎쫐뎡쓚뗄믮뚯훷쳥냼삨톡쏱ꆢ샻틦벯췅뫍헾훎볒벰맙풱ꆣ뺭볃쫐뎡짏ꎬ죋쏇쪵쿖웤ퟮ듳뺭볃샻틦뗄릤뻟쫇믵뇒ꎻ헾훎쫐뎡짏ꎬ죋쏇쪵쿖웤ퟮ듳헾훎샻틦뗄릤뻟쫇톡욱ꆣ죋쏇뗄잰튻샠탐캪쫇뺭볃뻶닟ꎬ뫳튻샠탐캪쫇헾훎뻶닟ꎬ릫쏱퓚짧믡믮뚯훐ퟮ훷튪뗄뻍쫇ퟶ돶헢솽샠뻶닟ꆣ룃엉뗄퇐뺿죏캪ꎬ퓚뺭볃쫐뎡뫍헾훎쫐뎡짏믮뚯뗄춬튻룶쳥ꎬ쎻폐샭평죏캪쯻믡퓚솽룶늻춬뗄쫐뎡짏룹뻝솽훖췪좫늻춬뗄탐캪뚯믺뷸탐뻶닟ꎬ벴퓚뺭볃쫐뎡짏ힷ쟳ퟔ짭ퟮ듳샻틦ꎬ뛸퓚헾훎쫐뎡짏퓲쫇샻쯻훷틥ꎬퟔ뻵ힷ쟳릫릲샻틦ퟮ듳뮯ꆣ춬튻룶쳥퓚솽훖뎡뫏쫜췪좫늻춬뗄뚯믺횧엤늢ힷ쟳늻춬뗄쒿뇪ꎬ쫇늻뿉샭뷢뗄ꎬ퓚싟벭짏튲쫇ퟔ쿠쎬뛜뗄ꎬ헢훖헾훎뺭볃뷘좻뛔솢뗄ꆰ짆뛱뛾풪싛ꆱ쫇늻쓜돉솢뗄ꆣ 릫릲톡퓱샭싛냑ꆰ뺭볃죋ꆱ볙짨ퟷ캪룃샭싛뗄믹놾볙짨ꆣ헢훖ꆰ뺭볃죋ꆱ볙짨뻟쳥횸ꎺퟷ캪튻룶죋ꎬ늻싛쯻뒦폚쪲쎴뗘캻ꎬ튲늻싛쫇퓚뺭볃믮뚯훐뮹쫇퓚헾훎믮뚯훐ꎬ웤뚯믺뫍쒿뗄뚼쫇쿠춬뗄ꎬ뚼틔룶죋뗄싺ퟣ돌뛈ퟮ듳뮯캪믹놾뚯믺ꎬ뚼튪ힷ쟳ퟔ벺뗄샻틦ퟮ듳뮯ꆣ쯹틔퓚헾뢮훐뗄죋튲쫇샭탔뗄ꆰ뺭볃죋ꆱꎬ쯻쏇뗄쒿뇪쫗쿈늻쫇싺ퟣ릫릲샻틦ꎬ뛸쫇ퟔ벺뗄쮽죋샻틦뫍늿쏅샻틦ꆣ헾뢮돉풱ힷ쟳룶죋뫍늿쏅샻틦ퟮ듳뮯뇘좻떼훂룷훖늻뢺퓰죎뗄탐캪랢짺ꆣ릫릲톡퓱샭싛뛔헾뢮쪧쇩뫍퓰죎좱쪧뗄뇭쿖벰풭틲뷸탐쇋뷏캪뻟쳥뗄닻쫍ꎬ웤훷튪맛뗣죧쿂ꎺ뗚튻쫇릫릲뻶닟뗄쪧컳ꆣ룃샭싛죏캪ꎬ헾훎뻶닟쫇튻룶뢴퓓뗄맽돌ꎬ뻟폐쿠떱돌뛈뗄늻좷뚨탔ꎬ듦퓚ퟅ훮뛠뗄삧쓑ꆢ헏낭뫍쿞훆틲쯘ꎬ쪹뗃헾뢮쓑틔훆뚨늢쪵쪩뫏샭뗄릫릲헾닟ꎬ떼훂릫릲뻶닟쪧컳ꆣ뗚뛾쫇헾뢮릤ퟷ뗄뗍킧싊ꆣ헢훖뗍킧싊냼삨솽룶랽쏦ꎬ튻쫇헾뢮헾닟뗄뗍킧싊ꎬ틲캪훆뚨헾닟뗄헾훎볒퓚훆뚨헾닟뗄쪱뫲15
컒맺탐헾컊퓰훐뗄릫쏱닎폫퇐뺿 쫗쿈쿫떽뗄쫇ퟔ벺뗄샻틦뫍늿쏅뗄샻틦ꎬ쯻횻믡냑쳥쿖ퟔ벺샻틦뗄쳡낸릫늼폚훚ꎬ좰쮵릫훚죏뿉ꆣ뛾쫇헾뢮릤ퟷ믺릹뗄뗍킧싊ꆣ평폚헾뢮늿쏅쫇슢뛏믺릹ꎬ쯹틔쓚늿좱랦뺺헹ꆢ뿘훆돉놾뗄믽벫탔틔벰좱짙볠뚽ꎬ헽쫇헢킩풭틲떼훂쇋헾뢮릤ퟷ믺릹뗄뗍킧싊ꆣ뗚죽쫇헾뢮뗄ꆰ톰ퟢꆱ믮뚯ꆣ평폚헾뢮뗄룷쿮뺭볃헾닟췹췹틔쒳훖릫릲샻틦뗄탨튪캪퇚뮤뛸캪쒳킩샻틦벯췅럾컱ꎬ쳘쫢뗄샻틦벯췅캪쒱쟳헾뢮뗄놣뮤ꎬ쳓뇜쫐뎡뗄뺺헹ꎬ쪵쿖슢뛏샻죳ꎬ췹췹믡뷸탐룷훖ꆰ톰ퟢꆱ믮뚯ꆣ뗚쯄쫇헾뢮뗄ퟔ컒엲헍ꎬ냼삨늿쏅죋풱뗄쫽솿퓶볓뫍닆헾횧돶뗄쫽뛮돖탸퓶볓솽룶랽쏦ꆣ 룹뻝틔짏릫릲톡퓱샭싛뛔헾뢮탐캪뗄럖컶ꎬ헾뢮늿쏅벰웤릫컱풱ퟜ쫇퓚쿫랽짨램ퟮ듳쿞뛈뗘ힷ쟳ퟔ벺뗄샻틦ꎬ뫶쫓릫릲샻틦ꎬ틲듋폐뇘튪닉좡풼쫸듫쪩뛔헾뢮헢훖쯰몦릫쏱샻틦뗄탐캪볓틔뿘훆뫍풼쫸ꎬ릫쏱닎폫컊퓰볠뚽헾뢮뻍쫇튻룶늻듭뗄톡퓱ꆣ ꎨ쯄ꎩ훎샭폫짆훎샭싛 1989쓪ꎬ쫀뷧틸탐퓚쏨쫶럇훞튻킩맺볒퓣룢뗄맺쓚탎쫆쪱ꎬ뗚튻듎쪹폃쇋ꆰ훎샭캣믺ꆱ헢튻듊폯ꆣ듓쓇쪱웰ꎬꆰ훎샭ꆱ튻듊뇣놻욵랱뗘펦폃퓚헾훎랢햹퇐뺿훐ꎬ폈웤뎣놻폃살쏨쫶랢햹훐맺볒뗄헾훎ힴ뿶ꆣ뾪햹쿠맘퇐뺿뷼뛾쪮쓪살ꎬ컷랽톧쫵뷧뛔훎샭샭싛뷸탐쇋뫜뛠뷧뚨ꆣퟜ웰살쮵ꎬ뛔훎샭샭싛뗄뷧뚨ꎬ믹놾맛뗣훷튪냼삨죽룶랽쏦ꆣ뗚튻쫇훎샭훷쳥뗄뛠풪뮯ꆣ훎샭샭싛죏캪ꎬ헾뢮늢늻쫇맺볒뗄캨튻좨솦훐탄ꎬ룷훖릫릲늿쏅뫍쮽죋늿쏅탐쪹뗄좨솦횻튪믱뗃릫쏱뗄죏뿉ꎬ뻍뿉쓜돉캪늻춬닣쏦짏뗄좨솦훐탄ꆣ룱샯ꆤ쮹ꋙ췐뿋죏캪ꆰ훎샭횸돶ퟔ헾뢮ꆢ떫폖늻쿞폚헾뢮뗄튻쳗짧믡릫릲믺릹뫍탐캪헟ꆣꆱ뗚뛾쫇훎샭훷쳥볤퓰죎뷧쿞뗄쒣뫽탔뫍좨솦틀삵탔ꆣ훎샭샭싛죏캪ꎬ헾뢮폫짧믡ꆢ헾뢮폫쫐뎡뗄퓰죎뷧쿞쪵볊짏쫇쿠떱쒣뫽뗄ꎬ맺볒헽퓚냑풭살평쯼뛀솢돐떣뗄퓰죎틆룸쮽펪늿쏅뫍뗚죽늿쏅ꎬ뛸쟒퓚뛠풪뮯뗄훎샭훷쳥횮볤듦퓚ퟅ뫏ퟷ믯냩맘쾵ꆣ뗚죽쫇ퟔ훷ퟔ훎뗄췸싧쳥쾵뗄붨솢ꆣ훎샭훷쳥뗄뛠풪뮯ꎬ뛠풪뮯훷쳥횮볤뗄좨솦틀삵맘쾵폫뫏ퟷ믯냩맘쾵ꎬ뇭쿖퓚퓋탐믺훆짏ꎬퟮ훕뇘좻탎돉튻훖ퟔ훷ퟔ훎뗄췸싧ꆣ 컷랽톧헟횮쯹틔쳡돶훎샭샭싛ꎬ쫇틲캪쯻쏇뾴떽쇋헾뢮뫍쫐뎡뗄쮫쪧쇩ꎬ쯻쏇웚췻샻폃훎샭믺훆살쏖늹헾뢮뫍쫐뎡뗄쮫쪧쇩ꆣ떱좻ꎬ헽죧쫐뎡뫍헾뢮뚼듦퓚ퟅ쪧쇩튻퇹ꎬ훎샭튲듦퓚ퟅ쪧쇩뗄뿉쓜ꆣ볈좻훎샭듦퓚ퟅ쪧쇩뗄뿉쓜ꎬ쓇쎴죧뫎쪹훎샭룼볓폐킧뗄컊쳢뇣냚떽쇋톧헟쏇뗄쏦잰ꆣ캪듋ꎬ훚뛠톧헟쳡돶쇋탭뛠탂펱뗄샭쓮ꎬ웤훐ꆰ짆훎ꆱ뗄샭쓮ퟮ뻟폐펰쿬솦ꆣ컒맺훸쏻헾훎톧헟폡뿉욽ퟜ뷡뗀ꎬꆰ룅삨뗘쮵ꎬ짆훎뻍쫇쪹릫릲샻틦 ꋙ [펢]룱샯ꆤ쮹췐뿋ꎺꆶퟷ캪샭싛뗄훎샭ꎺ컥룶싛뗣ꆷꎬ맺볊짧믡뿆톧(훐컄냦)ꎬ1999쓪뗚2웚ꎬ뗚19-29튳ꆣ 16
뗚튻헂 릫쏱닎폫탐헾컊퓰뗄샭싛럖컶 ퟮ듳뮯뗄짧믡맜샭맽돌ꎬ짆훎뗄놾훊쳘헷ꎬ뻍퓚폚쯼쫇헾뢮폫릫쏱뛔릫릲짺믮뗄뫏ퟷ맜ꋙ샭ꎬ쫇헾훎맺볒폫릫쏱짧믡뗄튻훖탂펱맘쾵ꎬ쫇솽헟뗄ퟮ병ힴ첬ꆣꆱ폡뿉욽뷌쫚죏캪짆훎냼몬폐쇹튪쯘ꎺꎨ1ꎩ뫏램탔ꎬꎨ2ꎩ춸쏷탔ꎻꎨ3ꎩ퓰죎탔ꎻꎨ4ꎩ램훎ꎻꎨ5ꎩ믘ꋚ펦ꎻꎨ6ꎩ폐킧ꆣ짆훎샭싛튪쟳릫쏱짧믡닎폫짧믡릫릲맜샭ꎬ잿뗷퓚듋믹뒡횮짏릹붨믘펦탍뫍럾컱탍헾뢮ꆣ뇊헟뾴살ꎬ짆훎샭싛뗄틔짏쇹튪쯘훐ꎬ헾뢮뗄믘펦탔뻓폚뫋탄뗘캻ꆣ헾뢮벰웤릫컱풱뇘탫뛔릫쏱뗄튪쟳ퟶ돶벰쪱뗄뫍뢺퓰죎뗄랴펦ꎬ늻뗃컞맊췏퇓믲쎻폐믘틴ꎬ헾뢮횻폐ퟶ돶뛔릫쏱튪쟳뗄믘펦ꎬ닅쓜쳥쿖웤퓰죎탔ꆣ춸쏷탔뫍뫏램탔쫇릫쏱컊퓰쪵쿖뗄잰쳡뫍놣횤ꎬ횻폐헾컱탅쾢릫뾪춸쏷ꎬ닅쓜좷놣릫쏱컊퓰뗄헫뛔탔ꎬ헾뢮횻폐틀램탐헾ꎬ닅쓜놣횤릫쏱컊퓰실떽쪵뒦ꆣ 믹폚짆훎뗄샭쓮ꎬ릫릲탐헾뗄맜샭좨췾훷쳥평떥훐탄쿲뛠훐탄뇤ꎬ릫릲훎샭뗄좨솦퓋탐쿲뛈평떥쿲뛈쿲뛠쿲뛈뇤ꎬ헢캪맺볒폫짧믡ꎬ믲헟헾뢮폫릫쏱횮볤뗄솼뫃뫏ퟷ쳡릩쇋탂뗄춾뺶뫍쟾뗀ꆣ돏죧맾놴십쮹쯹퇔ꎺꆰ룷룶욽탐훷쳥뻍쒳쿮릲춬맘쟐뗄릫릲샻틦믲릫릲쫂컱뇋듋킭짌뛔뮰폫뫏ퟷꎬ퓚릫뾪ꆢ릫욽ꆢ욽뗈ꆢ뾪럅뗄풭퓲쿂닎폫뫍맜샭릫ꋛ릲쫂컱ꎬ틔웚듯돉릲쪶ꆣꆱ훎샭폫짆훎샭싛웵뫏쇋죋쏇쪵쿖ퟔ컒맜샭뗄쏱훷헾훎샭쿫ꎬ캪쏱훷헾훎뗄랢햹폫췪짆쳡릩쇋탂뗄샭싛횸떼ꎬ쯼쯹퓌몬뗄뫏ퟷ훎샭샭쓮튲캪컒맺릫쏱닎폫컊퓰볠뚽헾뢮쳡릩쇋샭싛틀뻝ꆣ ꋙ 폡뿉욽ꎺꆶ훎샭폫짆훎ꆷꎬ놱뺩ꎬ짧믡뿆톧컄쿗돶냦짧ꎬ2000쓪ꎬ뗚8튳ꆣ ꋚ 폡뿉욽ꎺꆶ훎샭폫짆훎ꆷꎬ놱뺩ꎬ짧믡뿆톧컄쿗돶냦짧ꎬ2000쓪ꎬ뗚9-11튳ꆣ ꋛ [뗂]폈룹ꆤ맾놴십쮹ꎺꆶ릫폲뗄뷡릹탔뇤뮯ꆷꎬ놱뺩ꎬ훐퇫뇠틫돶냦짧ꎬ2002쓪ꎬ뗚121-122튳ꆣ 17
컒맺탐헾컊퓰훐뗄릫쏱닎폫퇐뺿 뗚뛾헂 릫쏱닎폫탐헾컊퓰뗄쪵쿖쳵볾벰랽쪽 탐헾컊퓰ퟔ2003쓪퓚컒맺헾뢮쪵쪩틔살ꎬ뛌뛌뗄웟쓪쪱볤ꎬ퓚랴뢯뎫솮ꆢ듙뷸헾뢮틀램탐헾ꆢ쳡룟탐헾킧싊ꆢ릹붨퓰죎헾뢮랽쏦좡뗃쇋늻킡뗄돉벨ꆣ춬쪱쿖탐탐헾컊퓰훆튲듦퓚늻짙컊쳢ꎬ훮죧컊퓰훷쳥떥튻ꆢ틬쳥컊퓰ퟷ폃랢믓폐쿞ꎬ컊퓰뛔쿳훷튪뻖쿞폚탐헾쫗뎤믲탐헾뢺퓰죋ꎬ컊퓰쫂평욫훘폚짧믡훜횪뛈맣ꆢ뢺쏦펰쿬듳뗄쫂볾ꆢ컊퓰돌탲늻쏷좷뗈ꆣ쏖늹쿖탐컊퓰훆뗄늻ퟣꎬퟮ듳랢믓탐헾컊퓰뗄볠뚽릦쓜ꎬ탨튪췆뷸릫쏱닎폫ꆣ뇊헟뾴살ꎬ쿖뷗뛎퓚컒맺탐헾컊퓰훐췆뷸릫쏱닎폫ꎬ틑뺭돵늽뻟놸쪵쿖쳵볾뫍닎폫랽쪽ꆣ 튻ꆢ릫쏱닎폫뗄쪵쿖쳵볾 쒿잰살뾴ꎬ컒맺릫쏱닎폫탐헾컊퓰ꎬ틑뺭뻟놸돵늽뗄쪵쿖쳵볾ꎬ뇊헟죏캪헢킩쳵볾냼삨램싉뮷뺳랽쏦ꆢ짧믡ퟩ횯랽쏦ꆢ쇬떼훘쫓랽쏦뫍벼쫵횧돖랽쏦뗈ꎬ틔쿂쫇뇊헟뗄뻟쳥닻쫶ꆣ ꎨ튻ꎩ램싉뮷뺳랽쏦 룄룯뾪럅틔살ꎬ컒맺헾뢮볓뿬쇋퓰죎헾뢮붨짨뗄솢램릤ퟷꎬ램싉램맦틔벰맦랶탔컄볾풽살풽뛠뗘쳥쿖뫍놣헏죋쏱좺훚닎폫헾뢮볠뚽뫍ힷ뺿탐헾믺맘릫컱풱퓰죎뗄좨샻ꆣ쫗쿈ꎬ1982쓪쿜램맦뚨컒맺죋쏱폐닎폫맜샭릫릲쫂컱뗄쿜램좨샻ꆣ쿜램뗚뛾쳵맦뚨ꎺꆰ죋쏱틀헕램싉맦뚨ꎬ춨맽룷훖춾뺶뫍탎쪽ꎬ맜샭맺볒쫂컱ꎬ맜샭뺭볃뫍컄뮯쫂튵ꎬ맜샭짧ꋙ믡쫂컱ꆱꎻ쿜램뗚뛾쪮웟쳵맦뚨ꎺꆰ튻쟐맺볒믺맘뫍맺볒릤ퟷ죋풱뇘탫틀뾿죋쏱뗄횧돖ꎬ뺭뎣놣돖춬죋쏱뗄쏜쟐솪쾵ꎬ쟣쳽죋쏱뗄틢볻뫍붨틩ꎬ뷓쫜죋쏱뗄볠뚽ꎬ얬솦캪죋ꋚ쏱럾컱ꆱꎻ쿜램뗚쯄쪮튻쳵맦뚨ꎺꆰ뛔폚릫쏱뗄짪쯟ꆢ뿘룦믲헟볬뻙ꎬ폐맘맺볒믺맘ꋛ뇘탫닩쟥쫂쪵ꎬ뢺퓰뒦샭ꆣ죎뫎죋늻뗃톹훆뫍듲믷놨뢴ꆣꆱ쿜램틔맺볒룹놾듳램뗄탎쪽좷죏쇋컒맺릫쏱닎폫볠뚽컊퓰헾뢮벰웤릫컱풱뗄좨샻ꆣ 웤듎ꎬ튻냣램싉뗄쒳킩쳵뿮맦뚨릫쏱퓚쫜떽탐헾믺맘벰웤릫컱풱쟖몦뫳폐좨닉좡듫쪩ힷ뺿웤퓰죎ꎬ캬뮤ퟔ벺뗄뫏램좨샻ꆣ컒맺뗄ꆶ탐헾뢴틩램ꆷꆢꆶ탐헾쯟쯏램ꆷꆢꆶ탐헾뒦랣램ꆷꆢꆶ릫컱풱램ꆷ뗈램싉뛔헾뢮벰웤릫컱풱ퟷ돶뗄캥램캥맦믲늻떱탐캪ꎬ쫜몦죋믲샻몦맘쾵죋폐좨샻튪쟳쿠맘퓰죎죋돐떣퓰죎ꆣ ꋙ 1982쓪ꆶ훐뮪죋쏱릲뫍맺쿜램ꆷꎬ뗚뛾쳵ꆣ ꋚ 1982쓪ꆶ훐뮪죋쏱릲뫍맺쿜램ꆷꎬ뗚뛾쪮웟쳵ꆣ ꋛ 1982쓪ꆶ훐뮪죋쏱릲뫍맺쿜램ꆷꎬ뗚쯄쪮튻쳵ꆣ 18
뗚뛾헂 릫쏱닎폫탐헾컊퓰뗄쪵쿖쳵볾벰랽쪽 퓙듎ꎬ맘폚탐헾컊퓰뗄램맦뫍맦랶탔컄볾늻뛏냤늼쪵쪩ꆣퟝ맛컒맺헾뢮ퟮ뷼벸쓪뗄탐헾컊퓰쪵볹ꎬ튻룶쿔훸뗄쳘뗣뻍쫇볓뿬쇋탐헾컊퓰뗄램훆뮯붨짨ꎬ튻쾵쇐맦랶탔컄볾쿠볌돶첨ꆣ훐퇫뫍맺컱풺냤늼쪵쪩뗄램맦뫍맦랶탔컄볾훷튪냼삨ꎺ2004쓪2퓂뗄ꆶ훐맺릲닺떳떳쓚볠뚽쳵샽ꆷꎬ2004쓪4퓂뗄ꆶ좫쏦췆뷸틀램탐헾쪵쪩룙튪ꆷꎬ2004쓪4퓂뗄ꆶ떳헾쇬떼룉늿듇횰퓝탐맦뚨ꆷꎬ2007쓪4퓂뗄ꆶ탐헾믺맘릫컱풱뒦럖쳵샽ꆷꎬ2009쓪7퓂뗄ꆶ맘폚쪵탐떳헾쇬떼룉늿컊퓰뗄퓝탐맦뚨ꆷ틔벰2010쓪12퓂뗄ꆶ맘폚쪵탐떳럧솮헾붨짨퓰죎훆뗄맦뚨ꆷꆣ듋췢ꎬ튻킩뗘랽헾뢮튲돶첨쇋쏅뗄맘폚탐헾컊퓰뗄퓝탐맦뚨뫍냬램ꆣ ퟮ뫳ꎬ헾뢮탅쾢릫뾪폐쇋탐헾램맦맦뚨ꎬ릫쏱뗄헾컱탅쾢횪쟩좨뗃떽뷸튻늽실쪵ꆣ릫쏱횻폐쇋뷢헾뢮뗄릤ퟷ쓚죝ꎬ닅쓜뛔헾뢮벰웤릫컱풱뷸탐볠뚽컊퓰ꆣ2008쓪5퓂1죕ꆶ맺컱풺탅쾢릫뾪쳵샽ꆷ헽쪽짺킧ꎬ뇪횾ퟅ컒맺릫쏱뗄횪쟩좨뗃떽뷸튻늽실쪵ꎬ캪죋쏱볠뚽헾뢮좨샻뗄실쪵쳡릩쇋뷸튻늽놣헏ꆣ ꎨ뛾ꎩ헾훎럕캧랽쏦 훐맺릲닺떳뗄룟벶쇬떼죋퓚훐맺룯쏼ꆢ붨짨뫍룄룯뗄룷룶쪱웚샺살훘쫓죋쏱좺훚뛔탐헾좨솦뗄볠뚽ꆣ퓧퓚룯쏼햽헹쓪듺ꎬ컒떳뻍좷솢쇋ꆰ튻쟐캪쇋좺훚ꎬ튻쟐틀뾿좺훚ꎬ듓좺훚훐살ꎬ떽좺훚훐좥ꆱ뗄좺훚릤ퟷ슷쿟ꎬ볡돖떳뫍헾뢮폫죋쏱좺훚뗄폣쮮맘쾵ꆣ쎫퓳뚫ꆢ뗋킡욽ꆢ붭퓳쏱뫍뫺뷵쳎ퟜ쫩볇틔벰컂볒놦ퟜ샭뗈떳뫍맺볒쇬떼죋뚼폐쪮럖럡뢻뗄죋쏱볠뚽쮼쿫ꆣ쎫퓳뚫춬횾퓧퓚퇓낲쪱웚뻍뇭듯맽죋쏱볠뚽뗄훸쏻싛뛏ꎬ쯻횸돶ꎬꆰ횻ꋙ폐죃죋쏱살볠뚽헾뢮ꎬ헾뢮닅늻룒쯉킸ꎬ횻폐죋죋웰살뢺퓰닅늻믡죋췶헾쾢ꆣꆱ쯻뛔살럃뗄쏱훷죋쪿믆퇗엠뇭쪾ꎬ훐맺릲닺떳튪쳸돶샺쪷훜웚싉ꎬ뻍뇘탫죃죋쏱웰살볠뚽헾뢮ꆣ 뗋킡욽춬횾뢴돶틔뫳ꎬ춴룐ꆰ컄룯ꆱ쪱웚듳룣좺훚헾훎퓋뚯룸맺볒듸살뗄믬싒뻖쏦뫍벫듳짋몦ꎬ짮뿌쳥믡떽낲뚨췅뷡뗄짧믡훈탲뛔맺볒컈뚨랢햹랱죙뗄훘튪탔ꎬ틲듋ꎬ퓚랢믓죋쏱좺훚뛔헾뢮뗄볠뚽컊쳢짏ꎬ폈웤쫇퓚랴뢯냜컊쳢짏ꎬ쯻잿뗷랴뢯냜늻룣좺훚퓋뚯ꎬ떫쫇탨튪죋쏱좺훚뗄횧돖뫍믽벫닎폫ꆣꆰ뗋킡욽춬횾쪼훕쿠탅죋쏱ꆢ틀뾿죋쏱ꎬퟜ쫇냑죋쏱펵뮤늻펵뮤ꆢ죋쏱퓞돉늻퓞돉ꆢ죋쏱룟탋늻룟탋ꆢ죋쏱듰펦늻듰펦ퟷ캪훆뚨랽ꋚ헫헾닟뫍ퟷ돶뻶뛏뗄돶랢뗣뫍맩쯞ꆱꆣ ꋙ 믆퇗엠ꎺꆶ냋쪮쓪살ꆷꎬ놱뺩ꎬ컄쪷쇏돶냦짧ꎬ1982쓪ꎬ뗚149튳ꆣ ꋚ 뫺뷵쳎ꎺꆶ퓚뗋킡욽떮뎽냙쓪볍쓮듳믡짏뗄붲뮰ꆷꎬ2004쓪8퓂22죕ꆣ 19
컒맺탐헾컊퓰훐뗄릫쏱닎폫퇐뺿 붭퓳쏱춬횾룹뻝컒맺룄룯뾪럅뫍쿖듺뮯붨짨늻뛏췆뷸뗄탂탎쫆ꆢ탂쟩뿶ꎬ볌돐쇋쎫퓳뚫ꆢ뗋킡욽뗈죋뗄죋쏱볠뚽쮼쿫ꎬ늢쟒폐쇋탂뗄랢햹ꆣ튻뻅냋뻅쓪ꎬ붭퓳쏱춬횾쳡돶ꎺꋙꆰ릲닺떳듓살뻍쫇짺룹퓚좺훚횮훐ꎬ폫좺훚뗄톪죢솪쾵헽쫇떳뗄솦솿쯹퓚ꆣꆱ튻뻅뻅웟쓪ꎬ쯻퓚떳뗄쪮컥듳놨룦훐횸돶ꎺꆰ컒쏇뗄좨솦쫇죋쏱뢳폨뗄ꎬ튻쟐룉늿뚼쫇죋쏱뗄릫웍ꎬ뇘탫뷓쫜죋쏱뫍램싉뗄볠뚽ꆣꆱ맘폚랴뢯냜뗄컊쳢ꎬ쯻죏캪튪볓잿떳럧솮헾붨짨ꎬ뇘탫틀뾿죋쏱좺훚ꎬ뫍죋쏱좺훚튻웰춬떳쓚뫍짧믡짏뗄룷훖늻헽횮럧ꆢ뢯냜쿖쿳뷸탐볡뻶뚷헹ꆣ쯻쏷좷튪쟳ꎬ뛔좺훚뻙놨뗄훘듳컊쳢튪튻닩떽뗗ꎬ횱떽쮮실쪯돶ꆣ 뫺뷵쳎볠뚽컊퓰쮼쿫뗄믹놾솢ퟣ뗣춻돶뇭쿖퓚ꆰ캪쏱ꆱꎬ쯻퓸뛠듎퓚늻춬뎡뫏뇭듯쇋죋쏱볠뚽뗄훘튪탔ꆣ쯻쮵맽ꎬ릲닺떳횴헾뗄쒿뗄뻍쫇튪ퟶ떽ꆰ좨캪쏱쯹폃ꎬ쟩캪쏱쯹쾵ꆢ샻캪쏱쯹쒱ꆱꎬ캪듋ꎬ뇘탫훘쫓죋쏱좺훚뛔쇬떼룉늿뗄볠뚽ꆣ퓚떳뗄쪮웟듳놨룦훐ꎬ쯻붲떽튪냑ꆰ죋쏱틀램횱뷓탐쪹쏱훷좨샻ꎬ맜샭믹닣릫릲쫂컱뫍릫틦쫂튵ꎬꆭꆭꎬ뛔룉ꋚ늿쪵탐쏱훷볠뚽ꆱퟷ캪랢햹짧믡훷틥쏱훷헾훎뗄믹뒡탔릤돌훘뗣췆뷸ꆣ컂볒놦튲뛠듎잿뗷튪볓잿죋쏱좺훚뛔폚헾뢮뗄볠뚽ꆣ2004쓪3퓂5죕ꎬ쯻쯹ퟷ뗄맺컱풺헾뢮릤ퟷ놨룦샯킴떽ꎬꆰ헾뢮뗄튻쟐좨솦뚼쫇죋쏱뢳폨뗄ꎬ뇘탫뛔죋쏱뢺퓰ꎬ캪죋쏱쒱샻틦ꎬ뷓쫜죋쏱볠뚽ꆣ횻폐죋쏱볠뚽헾뢮ꎬ헾뢮닅늻믡킸떡ꆣꆱ퓚2010쓪3퓂5죕뗄헾뢮릤ퟷ놨룦훐ꎬ쯻폖잿뗷쇋샠쯆뗄샭쓮ꎬꆰ튪짮죫췆뷸헾컱릫뾪ꎬ췪짆룷샠릫뾪냬쫂훆뛈뫍탐헾뢴틩훆뛈ꎬ뒴퓬쳵볾죃죋쏱엺움헾뢮ꆢ볠뚽헾뢮ꎬ춬쪱돤럖랢믓탂컅폟싛뗄볠뚽ퟷ폃ꎬ죃좨솦퓚퇴맢쿂퓋탐ꆣꆱ 탂훐맺돉솢틔살ꎬ폈웤쫇룄룯뾪럅죽쪮쓪틔살ꎬ컒맺뗄헾훎럕캧죕붥뿭쯉ꎬ떳뫍헾뢮뗄룟벶쇬떼죋룟뛈훘쫓죋쏱좺훚뛔헾뢮뗄볠뚽컊퓰ퟷ폃ꎬ횧돖죋쏱좺훚믽벫닎폫볠뚽헾뢮벰웤릫컱풱ꎬ캪릫쏱닎폫볠뚽컊퓰헾뢮쳡릩쇋잿폐솦뗄헾훎횧돖뫍놣횤ꆣ ꎨ죽ꎩ짧믡ퟩ횯랽쏦 릫쏱짧믡쫇룶늰살뗄듊믣ꎬퟮ퓧뗄풴춷퓚컷랽ꎬퟮ뷼벸쓪ꎬ컒맺톧쫵뷧뛔릫쏱짧믡뗄쳖싛죕틦룟헇ꆣ춨뎣죏캪ꎬ릫쏱짧믡ꎬ쫇횸뛀솢폚헾훎맺볒폫뺭볃짧믡횮췢뗄쏱볤짧믡뗄ퟜ뫍ꎬ뻟폐뛀솢탔ꆢퟔ훷탔뫍ퟔ평탔ꎬퟔ풸뷡짧틔놣뮤뫍퓶뷸췅쳥돉풱뗄샻틦뫍볛횵ꆣ컒맺훸쏻톧헟폡뿉욽뛔릫쏱짧믡뗄뷧뚨캪ꎺꆰ컒쏇냑릫쏱짧믡떱ퟷ쫇맺볒믲헾뢮쾵 ꋙ 붭퓳쏱ꎺꆶ퓚좫맺ퟩ횯늿뎤믡틩짏뗄붲뮰ꆷꎬ1989쓪8퓂21죕ꆣ ꋚ 뫺뷵쳎ꎺꆶ룟뻙훐맺쳘즫짧믡훷틥캰듳웬후ꎬ캪뛡좡좫쏦붨짨킡뾵짧믡탂쪤샻뛸럜뚷ꆷꎬ2007쓪10퓂15죕ꎬ퓚훐맺릲닺떳뗚쪮웟듎좫맺듺뇭듳믡짏쯹ퟷ뗄놨룦ꆣ 20
뗚뛾헂 릫쏱닎폫탐헾컊퓰뗄쪵쿖쳵볾벰랽쪽 춳ꎬ틔벰쫐뎡믲웳튵쾵춳횮췢뗄쯹폐쏱볤ퟩ횯믲쏱볤맘쾵뗄ퟜ뫍ꎬ쯼쫇맙랽헾훎쇬폲뫍ꋙ쫐뎡뺭볃쇬폲횮췢뗄쏱볤릫릲쇬폲ꆣꆱ 룹뻝톧헟뗄퇐뺿ꎬ릫쏱짧믡랢폽뗄튻룶쿔훸쳘뗣뻍쫇ퟔퟩ횯탔뫍ퟔ훷탔뗄쏱볤ퟩ횯뗄듳솿돶쿖뫍뛀솢ퟔ평뗘뾪햹믮뚯ꆣ룄룯뾪럅죽쪮뛠쓪살ꎬ냩쯦ퟅ컒맺짧믡훷틥쫐뎡뺭볃훆뛈훰늽붨솢ꎬ헾뢮쿲짧믡럖좨ꎬ풴쿲짧믡쇷뚯ꎬ램훆뮷뺳늻뛏룄짆ꎬ컒맺뗄쏱볤ퟩ횯듳솿돶쿖ꆣ룹뻝쏱헾늿췸햾릫늼뗄쫽뻝ꎬ떽2009쓪뗗ꎬ좫맺힢닡뗇볇뗄짧믡췅쳥229681볒ꎬ쏱냬럇웳튵떥캻182382볒ꎬ룷샠믹뷰믡1597볒ꆣ폐톧헟짵훁풤볆ꎬ쒿잰컒맺룷훖쏱볤짧췅ퟜ쫽뿉쓜퓚800췲볒틔짏ꎬ쿞폚컒맺뗄짧믡췅쳥뗇볇훆뛈ꎬ쯼쏇훐뗄뻸듳뛠쫽늻쓜놻춳볆떽ꆣ떱좻ꎬ튲폐톧헟늻죏뿉헢룶쫽뻝ꎬ훷튪뗄럖웧퓚폚뛔쏱볤ퟩ횯맩쫴뗄죏뚨짏ꆣ폫듋춬쪱ꎬ컒맺쏱볤ퟩ횯뗄쫽솿쎿쓪뮹틔뫜뿬뗄쯙뛈퓚퓶뎤ꆣ룟뇻훐뷌쫚죏캪ꎬ룹뻝쯻뗄맛달ꎬ2009쓪뗄훐맺짧믡틑뺭랢폽돶쿔훸뗄ퟔퟩ횯탔뫍ퟔ훷탔ꎬ탎돉쇋튻룶돤싺믮솦뗄뛀쳘쇬폲ꎬ뛀솢뗄룶죋풽살풽뛠ꆢ풽살풽뇣샻뗘ퟔ뻵뷡짧ꆢ뛸쟒뇭쿖캪튻훖헻쳥뗄듦퓚ꎬ훮뛠쿖쿳뫏돉튻룶췪헻뗄춼쿱ꎬ쿔쪾컒쏇뗄짧믡틑좻쫇튻룶ퟣ릻ퟔ훷뗄쇬폲ꆣ쇭췢ꎬퟮ뷼솽쓪ꎬ췸싧릫쏱짧믡ퟷ캪컒맺릫쏱짧믡뗄탂짺솦솿웰ꎬ뻟쳥뇭쿖캪췸싧좺쳥뻧퓶ꎬ췸싧뷡짧뿕잰믮풾ꎻ췸싧쫂볾닣돶늻쟮ꎬ췸싧폟싛룟뎱뗼웰ꎬ늢쟒풽살풽ꆰ듓탩쓢ퟟ쿲쿖쪵ꆱꆣ 쏱볤짧믡ퟩ횯듳솿돶쿖뇭쏷컒맺릫쏱짧믡뗄탋웰ꎬ릫쏱짧믡뗄뻞듳ퟷ폃뻍쫇쓜릻퓚헾뢮뫍릫쏱횮볤볜웰튻ퟹ릵춨뗄쟅솺ꎬ캪릫쏱랢웰컊퓰헾뢮쳡릩쇋돵늽뗄짧믡ퟩ횯믹뒡ꎬ쓜릻듙뷸훐맺헾뢮뗄훎샭평헾뢮떥튻훷쳥쿲냼삨릫쏱뫍릫쏱짧믡ퟩ횯퓚쓚뗄뛠풪훷쳥뇤ꆣ ꎨ쯄ꎩ벼쫵횧돖랽쏦 짹맺볊뗄톧헟췐럲샕퓚웤쏻훸훐킴뗀ꎺꆰ헢쫇쏷쳬뿉쓜쪵탐횱뷓쏱훷뗄튻룶ퟮ돵뗄벣쿳ꆣ샻폃쿈뷸뗄볆쯣믺ꆢ죋퓬컀탇ꆢ뗧뮰ꆢ폐쿟뗧쫓ꆢ춶욱벼쫵틔벰웤쯻릤뻟ꎬ튻ꋚ룶쫜맽뷌폽뗄릫쏱ꎬ퓚샺쪷짏뗚튻듎쓜릻뾪쪼ퟶ돶ퟔ벺뗄탭뛠헾훎뻶뚨ꆣꆱ 2000쓪틔살ꎬ컒맺볓뿬쇋탅쾢짧믡붨짨ꎬ만뚨뗧뮰벰틆뚯뗧뮰쪹폃ퟜ죋쫽뫍뮥솪췸쪹폃죋쫽솬쓪돖탸엊짽ꆣ룹뻝ꆶ2010쓪맺쏱뺭볃뫍짧믡랢햹춳볆릫놨ꆷ랢늼뗄쫽뻝ꎬ뷘훁2010쓪12퓂31죕ꎬ컒맺만뚨벰틆뚯뗧뮰쪹폃솿듯떽115339췲늿ꎬ뗧뮰웕벰싊듯떽 ꋙ 폡뿉욽ꎺꆶ훐맺릫쏱짧믡ꎺ룅쓮ꆢ럖샠폫훆뛈뮷뺳ꆷꎬ훐맺짧믡뿆톧ꎬ2006쓪뗚1웚ꎬ뗚109-122튳ꆣ ꋚ [쏀]낢뛻컂·췐럲샕ꎺꆶ뗚죽듎샋뎱ꆷꎬ놱뺩ꎬ짺믮·뛁쫩·탂횪죽솪쫩뗪ꎬ1984쓪ꎬ뗚533튳ꆣ 21
컒맺탐헾컊퓰훐뗄릫쏱닎폫퇐뺿 ꋙ늿/냙죋ꆣ쇭뻝2010쓪7퓂15죕훐맺뮥솪췸싧탅쾢훐탄ꎨCNNICꎩ랢늼뗄ꆶ뗚26듎훐맺뮥솪췸싧랢햹ힴ뿶춳볆놨룦ꆷꎬ뷘횹떽2010쓪6퓂30죕ꎬ훐맺췸쏱맦쒣춻웆4틚맘뿚ꎬ듯떽틚ꎬ뷏2009쓪뗗퓶볓3600췲죋ꎬ뮥솪췸웕벰싊엊짽훁%ꎬ쫖믺ꋚ췸쏱맦쒣듯떽틚죋ꆣ룹뻝틔짏쫽뻝ꎬ컒맺짧믡뗄탅쾢뮯쳘헷죕틦쏷쿔ꆣ 탅쾢벼쫵뗄뿬쯙랢햹캪컒맺릫쏱닎폫볠뚽컊퓰헾뢮뒴퓬쇋랽뇣뿬뷝뗍솮뗄벼쫵쳵볾ꆣ쫗쿈ꎬ웕춨릫쏱룼죝틗춨맽뮥솪췸ꆢ틆뚯뗧뮰뗈쇋뷢헾뢮탅쾢ꎬ캪릫쏱닎폫볠뚽컊퓰헾뢮뒴퓬쇋잰쳡쳵볾ꆣ웤듎ꎬ웕춨릫쏱뿉틔춨맽헢킩랽뇣뿬뷝뗄쟾뗀폫헾뢮뷸탐릵춨ꎬ쳡룟헾뢮뻶닟뗄뿆톧뮯ꆢ쏱훷뮯ꆣퟮ뫳ꎬ웕춨릫쏱뿉틔춨맽틆뚯뗧뮰ꆢ뮥솪췸뗈릤뻟뛔헾뢮탐헾탐캪뷸탐움볛ꆢ훊톯ꆢ엺움ꆢ볬뻙ꎬ뚽듙웤룄헽좱뗣뫍듭컳ꆣ2009쓪9퓂18죕ꎬ훐릲훐퇫쪮웟뷬쯄훐좫믡냑ꆰ붡좫랴뢯뎫솮췸싧뻙놨뫍쫜샭믺훆ꎬ췸싧탅쾢쫕벯뫍뒦훃믺훆ꆱ킴뷸좫믡춨맽뗄ꆶ뻶틩ꆷꎬ뇭쏷훐퇫쇬떼닣룟뛈훘쫓릫쏱샻폃탂탋뗄벼쫵릤뻟닎폫뛔헾뢮뗄볠뚽컊퓰ꆣ 뛾ꆢ릫쏱닎폫뗄랽쪽 컒맺쫇죋쏱떱볒ퟷ훷뗄짧믡훷틥맺볒ꎬ떳뫍헾뢮샺살훘쫓춬죋쏱좺훚뗄릵춨ꎬ횧돖릫쏱춨맽룷훖랽쪽뛔헾뢮벰웤맙풱뗄엺움ꆢ붨틩틔벰볠뚽ꆣ떳뫍헾뢮훘쫓뫍횧돖릫쏱닎폫볠뚽헾뢮ꎬ늻쫇춣쇴퓚뿚춷짏ꎬ뛸쫇폐ퟅ럡뢻뗄닎폫랽쪽ꆣ 탅럃ꆣ탅럃쫇횸릫쏱믲릫쏱ퟩ횯춨맽킴탅ꆢ뗧뮰ꆢ쟗ퟔퟟ럃틔벰랢쯍뗧ퟓ폊볾뗈랽쪽쪵쿖헾훎닎폫ꎬ뇭듯짧쟩쏱틢틔벰뛔맺볒믺맘뗄릤ퟷ죋풱쳡돶엺움붨틩뗈ꎬ훷튪뻟폐쏱훷볠뚽뗄릦쓜뫍뛔릫쏱좨샻뻈볃뗄릦쓜ꆣ컒맺탅럃훆뛈뗄돻탎살ퟔ쏱훷룯쏼쪱웚컒떳뗄좺훚릤ퟷ슷쿟ꎬ탂훐맺돉솢뫳뗄1951쓪헾컱풺냤늼쇋ꆶ맘폚뒦샭죋쏱살탅뫍뷓볻죋쏱릤ퟷ뗄뻶뚨ꆷꆣ맺컱풺럖뇰퓚1995쓪뫍2005쓪냤늼쪵쪩쇋솽룶ꆶ탅럃쳵샽ꆷꎬ쒿잰헽퓚쪵쪩뗄쫇2005쓪탞뚩뫳뗄탂뗄ꆶ탅럃쳵샽ꆷꆣ쒿잰살뾴ꎬ탅럃쫇컒맺웕춨릫쏱닉폃ퟮ뛠뗄닎폫탎쪽ꆣ 뻙놨ꆣ컒맺뗄뻙놨훆뛈짨솢뗄돵훔쫇캪쇋랴뢯냜ꆣ뻙놨훆뛈ퟔ짏쫀볍냋쪮쓪듺쒩웚짨솢틔살ꎬ퓚듙뷸릫쏱닎폫볠뚽헾뢮맙풱뗄첰컛쫜믟ꆢ샄폃횰좨틔벰쪧횰횰뗈랽쏦랢믓쇋훘튪ퟷ폃ꎬ뻙놨뫜뿬돉캪튻쳵릫쏱볠뚽헾뢮벰웤맙풱뗄폐킧쟾뗀ꆣ뻝볬달믺맘엻슶뗄쫽뻝쿔쪾ꎬퟮ뷼벸쓪볬달믺맘닩냬뗄룷샠첰컛쫜믟ꆢ샄폃횰좨틔벰쪧횰횰낸볾훐뎬 ꋙ 맺볒춳볆뻖ꎺꆶ훐뮪죋쏱릲뫍맺2010쓪맺쏱뺭볃뫍짧믡랢햹춳볆릫놨ꆷꎬ2011쓪2퓂28죕ꆣ ꋚ 훐맺뮥솪췸탅쾢훐탄(CNNIC)ꎺꆶ뗚26듎훐맺뮥솪췸싧랢햹ힴ뿶춳볆놨룦ꆷꎬ2010쓪7퓂15죕ꆣ 22
뗚뛾헂 릫쏱닎폫탐헾컊퓰뗄쪵쿖쳵볾벰랽쪽 맽웟돉뗄쿟쯷살풴쫇릫쏱뗄뻙놨ꆣ뿉틔쮵ꎬ뻙놨훆뛈ퟷ캪튻쿮릫쏱닎폫컊퓰볠뚽헾뢮벰웤맙풱뗄쟾뗀ꎬ퓚컒맺뗄솮뷠헾뢮붨짨랽쏦랢믓쇋뻞듳뗄ퟷ폃ꆣ 쳽횤믡ꆣ쳽횤풴폚펢맺맅샏뗄ퟔ좻헽틥풭퓲,쫇튻훖쳽좡샻틦쿠맘헟짹틴뇭듯뗄램싉돌탲ꆣ쳽횤훆뛈뗄돌탲ퟱ듓솽룶맦퓲ꎺ튻쫇쳽좡샻틦쿠맘랽뗄틢볻ꎻ뛾쫇뻶닟헟놾죋늻쓜ퟷ캪ퟔ벺낸볾뗄램맙뷸탐닃에ꆣ쳽횤훆뛈뗄돌탲맦퓲뇭쏷ꎬ짦벰떽샻틦쿠맘랽뗄탐헾뻶뚨ꎬ폈웤쫇늻샻폚샻틦쿠맘랽뗄탐헾뻶뚨ꎬ뇘탫쳽좡웤틢볻ꎬ늢쟒닃에헟늻쓜쫇뻶닟헟ꆣ평듋컒쏇뿉틔뾴돶ꎬ쳽횤뗄쒿뗄쫇춨맽쳽좡샻틦쿠맘랽뗄틢볻뇭듯ꎬ헾뢮뻶닟늿쏅퓚ퟶ돶뻶뚨쪱뾼싇웤틢볻늢쳥쿖웤샻틦맘쟐ꎬ듓뛸듯떽캬뮤샻틦쿠맘랽뗄헽떱좨샻뫍샻틦뗄쒿뗄ꆣ1993쓪짮?쫐뾪쪼쪵쪩뗄볛룱짳닩훆뛈쫇컒맺쳽횤훆뛈뗄ퟮ퓧돻탎ꆣ컒맺1996쓪냤늼쪵쪩뗄ꆶ탐헾뒦랣램ꆷ헽쪽틽죫쇋쳽횤훆뛈ꎬ쯦뫳ꎬ1997쓪춨맽뗄ꆶ볛룱램ꆷꆢ2000쓪춨맽뗄ꆶ솢램램ꆷ틔벰2004쓪춨맽뗄ꆶ탐헾탭뿉램ꆷ럖뇰뛔볛룱쳽횤ꆢ솢램쳽횤틔벰탐헾탭뿉쳽횤뗈ퟷ돶쇋쿠맘맦뚨ꆣ쒿잰퓚컒맺ퟮ뎣볻떽뗄쫇볛룱쳽횤ꎬ짦벰쓚죝훷튪냼삨릫틦쫂튵볛룱ꆢ릫틦탔럾컱볛룱틔벰ퟔ좻슢뛏짌욷뺭펪뗄볛룱ꆣ캪쇋듙뷸볛룱쳽횤뗄쪵쪩ꎬ맺볒랢룄캯폚2001쓪7퓂2죕뫍2002쓪11퓂22죕럖뇰랢늼쇋ꆶ헾뢮볛룱뻶닟쳽횤퓝탐냬램ꆷ뫍ꆶ헾뢮볛룱뻶닟쳽횤냬램ꆷ솽룶늿쏅맦헂ꆣ 쏱틢뗷닩ꆣ쏱틢뗷닩쫇횸헾뢮춨맽뷏듳맦쒣뗄컊뻭뗷닩믲럃첸ꎬ쿲릫쏱쇋뷢쯻쏇뛔헾뢮탐캪뗄뾴램폫첬뛈ꎬ믲뛔릫릲럾컱훊솿뗄틢볻뫍붨틩ꆣ쏱틢뗷닩튻냣평헾뢮랢웰ꎬ닎폫헟뗄랶캧쿠뛔뇈뷏듳ꎬ뗷닩뷡맻뻟폐튻뚨뗄듺뇭탔ꎬ뿉틔뷏맣랺뗘랴펳릫쏱뛔헾뢮탐캪뗄첬뛈ꆣ떫쫇헢훖랽쪽퓚릵춨짏뻟폐떥쿲탔뫍떥듎탔ꎬ릫쏱룼짮튻늽랢뇭틢볻뫍짮죫닎폫뗄믺믡뷏짙ꆣ쒿잰ꎬ맺쓚튲돶쿖쇋튻킩릫쏱룶죋랢웰뗄틔릫틦캪쒿뗄쏱틢뗷닩ꎬ춨맽췸싧쎽쳥랢늼뗷닩돉맻ꎬ뷨틔퓬돉짧믡폟싛ꎬ뷸뛸펰쿬헾뢮탐캪ꆣ2001쓪ꎬ쓏뺩웴뚯쇋ꆰ췲죋움틩믺맘ꆱ뗄듳탍쏱틢뗷닩ꎬ떽쒿잰틑뺭뷸탐쇋쪮듎ꎬ뺭맽쪮쓪뗄쏾쯷뫍뺭퇩ퟜ뷡ꎬ헢훖릫쏱닎폫쒣쪽틑죕붥췪짆ꎬ뛔폚룄짆쓏뺩뗄헾뢮믺맘ퟷ럧웰떽쇋뫜뫃뗄뚽듙ퟷ폃ꆣ 짧믡폟싛볠뚽ꆣ릫쏱뛔헾뢮벰웤맙풱뗄폟싛볠뚽ꎬ쫇횸릫쏱춨맽룷훖탅쾢뒫능쎽뷩ꎬ뻍짧믡릫훚맣랺맘힢뗄헾뢮횰쓜쓚뗄컊쳢ꎬ뇭듯ퟔ벺뗄맛뗣뫍뾴램ꎬ탎돉폟싛톹솦ꎬ듓뛸웈쪹헾뢮벰웤맙풱탐쪹릫릲좨솦쪱룼볓뷷짷ꆢ뷚훆뫍죏헦ꆣ릫쏱뛔헾뢮벰웤맙풱뗄폟싛볠뚽쫇춨맽죽헟횮볤뗄뮥뚯쪵쿖뗄ꆣ쫗쿈ꎬ헾뢮늿쏅뻍짦벰릫쏱샻틦ꆪ냼삨릫릲샻틦뫍좺쳥샻틦ꆪ뗄뻶닟뫍횴탐춨맽뒫쎽쿲짧믡릫훚릫뾪ꎻ웤듎ꎬ릫훚춨맽뒫쎽쇋뷢쿠맘탅23
컒맺탐헾컊퓰훐뗄릫쏱닎폫퇐뺿 쾢뫳랢돶폟싛폵쟳ꎻퟮ뫳ꎬ뒫쎽춨맽뗷닩ꆢ놨뗀짧믡릫훚뗄폟싛폵쟳ꎬ탎돉폟싛톹솦ꎬ틽웰쿠맘헾뢮늿쏅뗄훘쫓ꎬ췆뚯폐맘헾닟뗄뗷헻폫췪짆ꆣ뷼쓪살ꎬ쯦ퟅ췸싧뒫쎽뗄탋웰ꎬ폟싛볠뚽뇤뗃풽살풽뇣샻ꎬ릫훚뛔헾뢮뗄폟싛톹솦튲풽살풽듳ꆣ 돽틔짏뇊헟쯹쇐뻙뗄릫쏱닎폫랽쪽췢ꎬ컒맺뮹폐릫쏱닎폫뗄뷓듽죕훆뛈ꆢ뗷퇐훆뛈ꆢ쫐뎤죈쿟훆뛈ꆢ킭짌훆뛈틔벰뷼쓪돶쿖뗄컂쇫쏱훷뿒첸믡쒣쪽뗈ꆣ헢킩닎폫랽쪽췘뿭쇋컒맺릫쏱닎폫볠뚽헾뢮벰웤릫컱풱뗄쟾뗀ꎬ퓚튻뚨돌뛈짏쪵쿖쇋웕춨릫쏱뛔헾뢮벰웤릫컱풱뗄볠뚽컊퓰ꎬ듙뷸쇋헾뢮벨킧뗄룄짆ꆣ 24
뗚죽헂 릫쏱닎폫탐헾컊퓰뗄헏낭럖컶 뗚죽헂 릫쏱닎폫탐헾컊퓰뗄헏낭럖컶 헽죧짏튻헂뗄럖컶쯹횸돶뗄ꎬ쒿잰컒맺릫쏱닎폫탐헾컊퓰틑뺭뻟놸튻뚨뗄쪵쿖쳵볾ꆣ춨맽뇊헟뗄맛달뫍뒫쎽뗄맣랺놨뗀ꎬퟮ뷼벸쓪ꎬ컒맺뗄릫쏱닎폫탐캪뾪쪼믮풾ꎬ늢쟒퓚볠뚽컊퓰헾뢮랽쏦웰떽쇋튻뚨뗄ퟷ폃ꆣ춬쪱뇊헟죏캪ꎬ릫쏱닎폫탐헾컊퓰뗄뻞듳잱솦뮹쎻폐돤럖랢믓돶살ꆣ뺿웤룹풴ꎬ쫇틲캪퓚릫쏱닎폫탐헾컊퓰훐뮹듦퓚늻짙헏낭ꎬ퓚놾헂ꎬ뇊헟붫뛔헢킩헏낭뷸탐럖컶ꆣ 튻ꆢ엤쳗램훆늻붡좫 춨맽짏튻헂뗄럖컶ꎬ뿉틔쮵ꎬ컒맺릫쏱닎폫탐헾컊퓰뗄믹놾쳵볾틑뺭뻟놸ꎬ늢쟒틑뺭폐쇋쿠펦뗄릫쏱닎폫탐캪ꆣ떫쫇평폚뛠랽쏦뗄풭틲ꎬ쿠맘엤쳗듫쪩늻췪짆ꎬ훆뛈뮯돌뛈뗍ꎬ실쪵떽쏷쾸뻟쳥뗄닙ퟷ뮷뷚짏쪱ꎬퟜ쫇춣쇴퓚뿕랺뗄풭퓲짏ꆣ엤쳗램훆늻붡좫퓚뫜듳돌뛈짏쿞훆쇋컒맺릫쏱닎폫탐헾컊퓰ퟮ듳잱쓜뗄랢믓ꆣ 쫗쿈ꎬ컒맺릫쏱닎폫탐헾컊퓰뗄램싉뷏캪쒣뫽ꆣ컒맺쿜램뗚쯄쪮튻쳵뗚튻뿮맦뚨쇋릫쏱뛔헾뢮믺맘벰웤릤ퟷ죋풱뗄컊퓰볠뚽좨샻ꎬ헢뻍틔룹놾듳램뗄탎쪽좷솢쇋컒맺릫쏱뗄닎폫좨ꆣ떫쫇ꎬ쿜램쫇컒맺뗄룹놾램ꆢퟮ룟램ꎬ늻뿉쓜뛔폚릫쏱뗄닎폫맦뚨맽폚쾸훂ꎬ탨튪웤쯻믹놾램싉뫍웕춨램싉뛔릫쏱닎폫뷸탐뻟쳥짨볆ꆣ떫쫇컒맺웤쯻쿠맘램싉튲좱랦헢랽쏦뗄뻟쳥훆뛈듫쪩ꎬ폈웤쫇짦벰릫쏱닎폫돌탲랽쏦뗄ꎬ룼캪좱랦ꆣ컒맺솢램튻냣훘쪵쳥ꎬ쟡돌탲ꎬ퓚헢샯튲쳥쿖쇋돶살ꆣ램싉뗄돌탲뿉틔쮵쫇램싉뗄짺쏼듦퓚탎쪽ꎬ튻늿쎻폐돌탲뗄램싉쫇쓑폚뻟쳥쪵쪩뗄ꎬ뻟쳥떽릫쏱닎폫컊퓰볠뚽뗄탐뚯훐ꎬ쎻폐돌탲ퟷ캪놣헏ꎬ릫쏱닎폫뗄쒿뗄뻍쓑틔쪵쿖ꆣ 웤듎ꎬ좱랦폐맘릫쏱닎폫탐헾컊퓰뗄떥탐램ꆣ떱잰컒맺솢램믺릹뮹쎻폐훆뚨릫쏱닎폫탐헾컊퓰뗄떥탐램ꆣ샽죧ꎬ폐맘쳽횤믡뗄램싉맦뚨뻍즢볻폚ꆶ탐헾뒦랣램ꆷꆢꆶ볛룱램ꆷꆢꆶ솢램램ꆷ뫍ꆶ탐헾탭뿉램ꆷ뗈쿠맘램횮훐ꎬ퓬돉쇋쳽횤믡훆뛈뗄킭뗷탔뫍맦랶탔뷏죵ꆣ듓램싉쪵볹살뾴ꎬ횻폐춨맽릫쏱닎폫탐헾컊퓰뗄쏅램닅쓜뛔릫쏱닎폫탐헾컊퓰뗄맦퓲ꆢ랽쪽ꆢ돌탲틔벰쿠펦뗄뻈볃훆뛈뗈ퟷ돶쏷쾸뻟쳥뗄맦뚨ꎬ헢퇹ퟶ늻뷶램싉킧솦룼룟ꎬ늢쟒튲쪹뗃릫쏱닎폫탐헾컊퓰룼뻟폐뿉탐탔뫍뿉닙뿘탔ꆣ헢쫇뷢뻶컒맺릫쏱닎폫탐헾컊퓰컊쳢뗄훎놾횮뗀ꆣ ퟮ뫳ꎬ듙뷸릫쏱닎폫쿠엤쳗뗄램싉맦뚨늻췪짆ꆣ췵컽뷌쫚맘폚릫쏱닎폫뗄움맀뿲25
컒맺탐헾컊퓰훐뗄릫쏱닎폫퇐뺿 볜쳥쾵럖캪죽룶닣듎ꎺ릫훚닎폫뗄믹뒡탔훆뛈ꆢ릫훚닎폫뗄돌탲탔훆뛈ꆢ릫훚닎폫뗄횧ꋙ돖탔훆뛈ꆣ룹뻝헢튻뿲볜쳥쾵ꎬ릹붨컒맺릫쏱닎폫탐헾컊퓰뗄램싉훆뛈뻍뿉틔듓릫쏱닎폫뗄믹뒡탔훆뛈ꆢ릫쏱닎폫뗄돌탲탔훆뛈뫍릫쏱닎폫뗄횧돖탔훆뛈죫쫖ꎬ훆뚨튻쳗뷏캪췪놸뗄램싉훆뛈ꆣ쒿잰살뾴ꎬ컒맺릫쏱닎폫뗄믹뒡탔램싉훆뛈틑뺭뻟놸ꎬ떫쫇돌탲탔뫍횧돖탔뗄램싉훆뛈짐늻췪놸ꎬ죔좻탨튪볌탸얬솦ꆣ틔놣헏릫쏱횪쟩좨뗄헾컱탅쾢릫뾪훆뛈캪샽ꎬ2008쓪5퓂1죕ꎬꆶ맺컱풺탅쾢릫뾪쳵샽ꆷ헽쪽쪵쪩ꎬ컒맺뗄헾컱탅쾢릫뾪폐쇋좫맺탔뗄램맦맦랶ꎬ헾뢮뗄춸쏷뛈퓚튻뚨돌뛈짏쇋폐쇋룄짆ꆣ떫쫇룃쳵샽좱랦뛔탅쾢릫뾪늿쏅뗄퓰죎맦뚨ꎬ떼훂쇋릫쏱퓚짪쟫탅쾢릫뾪쪱늻횪뗀헒쮭ꆣ평폚좱랦쿠펦뗄뒦랣듫쪩ꎬ쿖뷗뛎헾뢮릫늼뗄쓚죝ꎬ뛠쫇튻킩컞맘뷴튪뗄탅쾢ꎬ탅쾢릫뾪뻟폐뷏듳뗄쯦틢탔ꎬ뛔폚릫쏱헦헽맘탄ꆢ짦벰릫쏱쟐짭샻틦뗄죈뗣탅쾢좴틔룷훖샭평늻폨릫뾪ꆣ 평듋뿉볻ꎬ쯤좻컒맺돵늽붨솢쇋릫쏱닎폫탐헾컊퓰뗄램싉훆뛈ꎬ떫쫇틔쒿잰살뾴죔듦퓚ퟅ훮뛠좱쿝ꎬ뮹늻ퟣ틔놣헏릫쏱폐킧ꆢ쮳샻뗘닎폫뛔헾뢮벰웤맙풱뗄컊퓰볠뚽ꆣ 뛾ꆢ릫쏱닎폫뗄쟾뗀늻뎩 듓짏튻헂뗄럖컶ꎬ컒쏇횪뗀ꎬ쿖뷗뛎컒맺릫쏱닎폫탐헾컊퓰뗄쟾뗀늻뿉캽늻뛠ꎬ떫쫇헦헽쓜릻랢믓펦폐릦쓜뗄좴늢늻뛠ꆣ 뗚튻ꎬ컒맺뗄탅럃훆뛈늻췪짆ꆣ탅럃훆뛈쯤좻퓚쏱훷볠뚽뫍릫쏱좨샻뻈볃랽쏦랢믓쇋튻뚨ퟷ폃ꎬ떫쫇웤릦쓜쪮럖폐쿞ꆣ룹뻝훐맺짧믡뿆톧풺2004쓪뗄튻쿮뗷닩뷡맻쿔쪾ꎬ릫쏱춨맽탅럃뷢뻶컊쳢뗄뇈샽횻폐쟸쟸잧럖횮뛾ꆣ쒿잰컒맺탅럃훆뛈듦퓚퇏훘뗄컊쳢ꆣ튻쫇탅럃훆뛈짦벰쏦맽뿭ꆣ쿖탐뗄탅럃훆뛈벸뫵짦벰짧믡컊쳢뗄랽랽쏦쏦ꎬ릫쏱폶떽뗄벸뫵쯹폐뗄짧믡컊쳢ꆢ짧믡돥춻뚼뿉틔짏럃ꎬ떼훂탅럃낸볾듳솿믽톹ꎬ릫쏱풽벶짏럃쿖쿳웕뇩ꆣ뛾쫇탅럃믺릹좨솦폐쿞ꆣ탅럃믺릹뛔폚릫쏱뗄좨샻뻈볃쯟쟳횻폐붨틩좨ꆢ볠냬좨틔벰놨룦짏벶뗄좨솦ꎬ늢컞횱뷓뷢뻶컊쳢뗄좨솦ꆣ죽쫇탅럃믺릹짨훃맽샄맽뛠ꆣ컒맺듓훐퇫떽뗘랽ꎬ듓헾뢮늿쏅떽죋듳ꆢ쮾램믺맘ꎬ룷헾뢮횰쓜늿쏅뚼짨폐탅럃믺릹ꎬ떼훂듳솿뗄죋솦뫍닆솦풴샋럑ꎬ뛸쫂쪵짏뛔폚릫쏱랴펦컊쳢뗄뷢뻶늢컞듳뗄냯훺ꆣ춬쪱믹닣좺훚탅럃쓑튲쫇튻룶뫜듳컊쳢ꆣ튻킩뗘랽헾뢮캪쇋쯹캽뗄헾벨뫍탎쿳ꎬퟜ쫇쿫랽짨램ퟨ횹믹닣좺훚탅럃ꎬ짵훁쫇듲믷놨뢴ꆣ뻝탂뮪췸2010쓪12퓂22죕놨뗀ꎬ퓆쓏삥쏷튻쏻룟 ꋙ 닎볻췵컽ꎺꆶ릫훚닎폫뫍훐맺탂릫릲퓋뚯뗄탋웰ꆷꎬ놱뺩ꎬ훐맺램훆돶냦짧ꎬ2008쓪ꎬ뗚10-11튳ꆣ 26
뗚죽헂 릫쏱닎폫탐헾컊퓰뗄헏낭럖컶 쇤췋택룉늿캪쇋냯훺9룶쪧뗘얩쏱캬좨ꎬ쯻폃짏쇋ퟔ벺뗄릫뎵ꎬ틔헢훖ꆰ릫뎵쮽폃ꆱ뗄ꋙ랽쪽캪짏럃얩쏱뾪뗀ꎬ듸ퟅ쯻쏇떽쪡헾킭탅럃뒦랴펦캥맦닰잨뗄퓢폶ꆣ 뗚뛾ꎬ볬뻙뻙놨훆뛈뗄닎폫헟죋짭낲좫컞램뗃떽폐킧놣헏ꆣ맘폚닎폫릫쏱뗄죋짭낲좫맦뚨ꎬꆶ쿜램ꆷ뗚쯄쪮튻쳵쏷좷맦뚨ꎺꆰ뛔폚릫쏱뗄짪쯟ꆢ뿘룦믲헟볬뻙ꎬ폐맘맺볒믺맘뇘탫닩쟥쫂쪵ꎬ뢺퓰뒦샭ꆣ죎뫎죋늻뗃톹훆뫍듲믷놨뢴ꆱꆣꆶ탌쫂쯟쯏램ꆷ뗚냋쪮컥쳵튲맦뚨ꎺꆰ릫낲믺맘ꆢ죋쏱볬달풺믲헟죋쏱램풺펦떱놣헏놨낸죋ꆢ뿘룦죋ꆢ뻙놨죋벰웤뷼쟗쫴뗄낲좫ꆱꆣ쯤좻짏쫶램싉뚼쳡돶튪놣뮤뻙놨죋ꎬ떫쫇헢킩맦뚨뚼뫜쒣뫽뫍풭퓲뮯ꎬ좱랦뻟쳥닙ퟷ듫쪩ꎬ쪵볊짏쓑틔웰떽놣뮤뻙놨죋뗄ퟷ폃ꎬ뻙놨죋쫜떽듲믷놨뢴뗄쫂볾늻쪱볻훮쎽쳥ꆣ샽죧ꎬ맹맢퓊뻙놨돌캬룟캥램캥볍좴틔ꆰ럌냹쪡훷튪쇬떼ꆱ뗄ퟯ쏻놻뾪돽떳벮ꎬ샍뚯뷌퇸솽쓪ꎻ쎽쳥놨뗀쒳쿘뷌폽뻖뎤뻙놨룃쿘쿘뎤캥램캥볍놻룃쿘뎤뚯폃릫낲믺맘솦솿뎭볒ꆣ쇭췢ꎬ폐뗄뻙놨죋퓢폶뿧쪡ힷ늶ꎬ폐뗄뻙놨죋뮹놻본뚨돉쇋뺫짱늡죋ꎬ놻잿탐쯍떽뺫짱늡풺ꆰ훎쇆ꆱꆣ쇭췢ꎬퟮ룟죋쏱볬달풺1991쓪펡랢쇋ꆶ맘폚놣뮤릫쏱뻙놨좨샻뗄맦뚨ꆷꎬ룃ꆶ맦뚨ꆷ뛔뻙놨쿟쯷뗄쫜샭ꆢ맜샭훆뚨쇋퇏룱뗄놣쏜훆뛈ꎬ떫쫂쪵짏룃ꆶ맦뚨ꆷ퓚쪵볊펦폃떱훐랢믓뗄ퟷ폃좴쪮럖폐쿞ꆣ풭틲퓚폚ꎺ웤튻ꎬ쯼뗄램싉캻뷗뗍ꎬ룃ꆶ맦뚨ꆷ횻쫇볬달믺맘뗄쓚늿컄볾ꎬ쎻폐놻쳡짽떽램싉뗄룟뛈ꎬ램싉킧솦폐쿞ꎻ웤뛾ꎬ룃ꆶ맦뚨ꆷ뷻횹탔맦뚨뛠ꎬ쿠펦뗄돍랣탔듫쪩짙ꎬ벴뇣쫇뫜짙뗄벸뿮돍랣탔듫쪩ꎬ튲뚼쫇튻킩돩쿳뗄ꆢ쓑틔뻟쳥쪵쪩뗄맦뚨ꆣ 뗚죽ꎬ컒맺뗄쳽횤훆뛈늻췪짆ꆣ샽죧뎣볻뗄볛룱쳽횤믡ꎬ쯤좻퓚컒맺틑뺭쪵탐뛠쓪ꎬ떫쫇쿖쪵킧맻좴늢늻쓜쇮죋싺틢ꆣ볛룱쳽횤뗄컊쳢훷튪뇭쿖퓚틔쿂벸룶랽쏦ꆣ뗚튻ꎬ쳽횤듺뇭뗄톡늻뫏샭ꆢ늻뿆톧떼훂쳽횤좱랦듺뇭탔ꆢ닎폫훊솿늻룟ꆣ뗚뛾ꎬ쳽횤돌탲늻맦랶ꎬ쳽횤뇊슼늻쓜놻볛룱뻶닟늿쏅닉쓉ꎬ떼훂쳽횤믡쇷폚탎쪽ꆣ떱잰컒맺볛룱쳽횤럪쳽뇘헇ꎬ쳽횤믡돉쇋ꆰ쳽헇믡ꆱꆢꆰ헇볛믡ꆱꎬ놸쫜웕춨릫훚?늡ꆣ뗚죽ꎬ쳽횤훷돖죋늻쫇훐솢뗄뗚죽랽ꎬ늻쓜햾퓚뿍맛뗄솢뎡뾴듽쳽횤ꎬ뛔쳽횤믡뷡맻뗄릫욽ꆢ릫헽닺짺쇋늻샻펰쿬ꆣ믹폚틔짏뾼싇ꎬ컒맺뗄쳽횤믡훆뛈죔듽룄뷸뫍췪짆ꆣ 뗚쯄ꎬ릫쏱춨맽뒫쎽폟싛뛔헾뢮벰웤맙풱뗄컊퓰볠뚽튲듦퓚좱쿝ꆣ뒫쎽퓚듙뷸컒맺릫쏱닎폫뛔헾뢮벰웤맙풱뗄컊퓰볠뚽랽쏦웰ퟅ쪮럖훘튪뛸폖뛀쳘뗄ퟷ폃ꆣ떫쫇떱잰컒맺릫쏱춨맽뒫쎽닎폫뛔헾뢮벰웤맙풱뗄볠뚽튲듦퓚ퟅ좱쿝뫍컊쳢ꆣ쫗쿈ꎬ맺쓚뒫쎽튻냣놻죏캪쫇떳뫍헾뢮뗄뫭짠ꎬ튻킩뗘랽헾뢮뛔놾뗘쎽쳥룉풤맽뛠ꎬ퓬돉릫쏱춨맽뒫쎽닎폫뗄 ꋙ 짲뇲ꎺꆶ샏룉늿캪짏럃헟뎵뾪뗀ꎬ뺯탑쮭ꆷꎬ탂뮪췸ꎬ . 27
컒맺탐헾컊퓰훐뗄릫쏱닎폫퇐뺿 뛔헾뢮벰웤맙풱뗄컊퓰볠뚽쫜떽훆풼ꎬ킧맻쓑틔ퟮ듳랢믓ꆣ웤듎ꎬ컒맺튻킩뒫쎽뗄릫탅솦뗍ꎬ듓튵죋풱뗄횰튵뗀뗂뫍횰튵쯘퇸늻룟ꆣ평폚떱잰컒맺좱랦춳튻맦랶쎽쳥횰튵뗀뗂뗄쿠맘맦뚨ꎬ듓튵죋풱뗄횰튵쯘퇸튲틲룷훖풭틲솼?늻웫ꎬ헢킩뚼퇏훘펰쿬쇋컒맺뒫쎽뗄릫탅솦ꆣ2008쓪랢짺뗄쎽쳥듓튵죋풱쫕좡ꆰ럢뿚럑ꆱ쫂볾뻍쫇쏷횤ꆣퟮ뫳ꎬ컒맺릫쏱뗄쎽뷩쯘퇸늻룟ꎬ늻쓜뫜뫃뗘샻폃뒫쎽뗄폟싛볠뚽ퟷ폃ꆣ듋췢ꎬ탂탋뗄췸싧뒫쎽뗄돶쿖ꎬ평폚웤욽뗈탔ꆢ릫뾪탔ꆢ붻뮥탔ꆢ뒫쫤쯙뛈뿬틔벰뢲룇쏦맣뗄쳘뗣ꎬ죝틗돶쿖릫쏱닎폫맽뛈ꎬ떼훂럇샭탔닎폫ꎬ튲퓚뫜듳돌뛈짏펰쿬쇋뒫쎽폟싛볠뚽뗄킧맻ꆣ 뗚컥ꎬ컒맺뗄쏱틢뗷닩훆뛈뮹뫜늻맦랶ꆣ평폚쏱틢뗷닩짦벰쏦벫캪맣랺ꎬ죧맻늻뻟놸튵횪쪶짨볆뗷닩컊뻭ꆢ놻뗷닩헟뗄톡좡늻뿆톧ꆢ뗷닩믺릹쎻폐쓜솦뛔뗷닩뷡맻뷸탐뿆톧럖컶뗄뮰ꎬ뗷닩뷡맻뻍뫜쓑ힼ좷랴펳쏱틢ꆣ늢쟒컒맺뗄쏱틢뗷닩풶쎻폐훆뛈뮯ꆢ뺭뎣뮯ꎬ쏱틢뗷닩뷡맻튲뛠쫽늻쓜돉캪헾뢮맙풱벨킧뾼뫋뗄틀뻝ꎬ뫜뛠쏱틢뗷닩뷡맻늻쿲짧믡릫늼ꎬ춨맽얼뛻튻듎뗄쏱틢뗷닩쇋뷢릫쏱쯟쟳ꎬ쓑틔웰떽뛔헾뢮벰웤맙풱뗄컊퓰볠뚽ퟷ폃ꆣ 죽ꆢ헾뢮맙풱뗄퓰죎틢쪶놡죵 ퟷ캪튻룶쮫쿲뮥뚯뗄맽돌ꎬ릫쏱닎폫컊퓰뗄헦헽쪵쿖ꎬ늻뷶탨튪릫쏱뻟폐컊퓰뗄틢쪶ꆢ횪쪶틔벰쓜솦ꎬ춬쪱탨튪헾뢮맙풱뻟폐퓰죎틢쪶뫍돐떣퓰죎뗄맛쓮ꆣ쒿잰살뾴ꎬ컒맺탐헾컊퓰컄뮯훍뫳ꎬ헾뢮맙풱뗄퓰죎틢쪶뫍돐떣퓰죎뗄맛쓮뚼풶풶실뫳폚쿖쪵뗄탨튪ꆣ 쫗쿈ꎬ훐맺맙풱ꆰ맙놾캻ꆱ맛쓮룹짮뗙만ꆣ컒맺쫇튻룶뺭샺쇋뎤듯솽잧쓪횮뻃뗄럢붨뻽훷훆춳훎뗄맺볒ꎬ퓚럢붨짧믡ꎬ돽쇋믊뗛틔췢ꎬ캪맙헟폐펵폐룷훖쳘좨ꎬ톧뛸폅퓲쫋ꎬퟶ맙벸뫵쫇쎿룶훐맺맅죋뗄쏎쿫ꆣ훐맺맅듺뗄맙풱퓚ꆰ맙놾캻ꆱ뗄뇓폓쿂ꎬ쿭쫜ퟅ벫룟뗄짧믡뗘캻뫍폅풣뗄컯훊짺믮ꎬ퓚싾뎤뗄럢붨짧믡튻횱죧듋ꎬ틔훁폚탎돉쇋맟탔ꎬ쿖퓚뗄튻킩맙풱죔좻쫇ꆰ맙놾캻ꆱ틢쪶얨뫱ꎬ폫럢붨맙풱벸컞뛾훂ꆣ 웤듎ꎬ퓰죎틢쪶좱쪧ꆣ뢥샗뗂샯뿋ꆤ쒪짡퓸뺭쮵맽ꎺꆰ퓚릫릲탐헾뫍쮽죋늿쏅탐헾ꋙ뗄쯹폐듊믣훐ꎬ퓰죎튻듊쫇ퟮ캪훘튪뗄ꆣꆱ뛸컒맺튻킩헾뢮맙풱퓚ꆰ좨놾캻ꆱ쮼쿫뗄펰쿬쿂ꎬ퓰죎틢쪶늻잿ꆣ뗚튻ꎬ퓚뾴듽좨솦폫퓰죎뗄컊쳢짏ꎬ훘쫓좨솦뛸뫶쫓퓰죎ꆣ컒쏇횪뗀ꎬ좨솦뫍퓰죎쫇쿠냩뛸짺뗄ꎬ쎿튻훖좨솦뗄놳뫳뚼돐퓘ퟅ튻럝폫횮쿠뛔펦뗄퓰죎ꆣ ꋙ 틽ퟔ쳘샯ꆤLꆤ뿢ꎺꆶ탐헾싗샭톧ꎺ쪵쿖탐헾퓰죎뗄춾뺶ꆷꎬ놱뺩ꎬ훐맺죋쏱듳톧돶냦짧ꎬ2001쓪ꎬ뗚62튳ꆣ 28
뗚죽헂 릫쏱닎폫탐헾컊퓰뗄헏낭럖컶 뿉쫇ꎬ폐킩헾뢮맙풱퓚ퟔ뻵믲늻ퟔ뻵훐좴췹췹뫶쫓뫍룮쇑쇋좨솦폫퓰죎뗄헢훖뮥짺맘쾵ꆣ퓚헢킩맙풱뗄맛쓮훐ꎬ떱맙뻍쫇펵폐좨솦ꎬ좴뫜짙쿫떽펵폐좨솦뗄춬쪱튲돐떣쇋튻럝퓰죎ꆣ쯻쏇횻횪뗀쒳튻벶뇰뗄맙풱폐쪲쎴퇹뗄좨솦ꎬ좴쎻폐쿫떽춬쪱튪뢺뛠듳뗄퓰죎ꆣ뗚뛾ꎬ퓚뛔쮭뢺퓰뗄컊쳢짏ꎬ헾뢮맙풱횻뾴떽튪뛔짏벶뢺퓰ꎬ쎻폐춬쪱뾴떽튪뛔쿂벶뫍릫쏱뢺퓰ꆣ탂훐맺돉솢틔살쿠떱뎤뗄튻뛎쪱볤샯ꎬ컒맺헾뢮쓚늿틀좻쏖싾ퟅꆰ좨솦훁짏ꆱ뗄틢쪶ꎬ룟벶쇬떼뗄틢횾뻍뗈춬폚맺볒뗄틢횾ꎬ뗈춬폚램싉ꆣ돏죧뗋킡욽춬횾횸돶뗄ꎬ폐킩룉늿ꆰ췹췹냑쇬떼죋쮵뗄뮰떱ퟶꆮ램ꆯꎬ늻퓞돉쇬떼죋쮵뗄뮰뻍뷐ퟶꆮ캥램ꆯꎬ쇬ꋙ떼죋뗄뮰룄뇤쇋ꎬꆮ램ꆯ튲뻍룺ퟅ룄뇤ꆣꆱ폐킩헾뢮맙풱죏캪뛔ퟔ벺뗄짏벶쇬떼뢺퓰훁맘훘튪ꎬ틲캪헢맘쾵떽ퟔ벺뗄좨솦ꆢ맙횰ꆢ뗘캻뫍샻틦뗈ꆣ훁폚뛔쿂벶뫍릫쏱뢺퓰퓲벸뫵쿫늻떽ꎬ틲캪퓚헢킩맙풱퇛샯ꎬퟔ벺뗄맙캻쫇짏벶룸뗄ꎬ뛸늻쫇릫쏱뢳폨뗄ꆣ폚쫇ꎬ캩짏쫇듓ꎬ뾴짏벶퇛즫냬쫂ꎬ튻쪱돉캪쒳킩맙풱뗄캪맙탅쳵ꆣ ퟮ뫳ꎬ컒맺헾뢮맙풱퓰죎돐떣뗄맛쓮늻잿ꆣ쒿잰ꎬ폐늿럖헾뢮맙풱돶쇋컊쳢ꎬ랸쇋듭컳ꎬ돐떣퓰죎뗄맛쓮늻잿ꎬ뮥쿠췆?ꎬ늻뿏돐떣펦뢺뗄퓰죎ꆣ떱헾뢮맙풱놾죋횱뷓랸폐훘듳듭컳믲쪧컳쪱ꎬ닅믡놻짏벶ힷ뺿쏢횰믲ퟔ벺틽뻌듇횰ꎬ헦헽틲릤ퟷ늻솦믲늻ퟷ캪뛸놻쏢횰컊퓰뗄맙풱짙횮폖짙ꆣ듋췢ꎬ헾뢮맙풱뛔웤맜쾽랶캧쓚뗄룉늿돶쇋컊쳢ꎬ톡죋폃죋쪧달ꎬ랸쇋듭컳ꎬ뢺폐솬듸쇬떼퓰죎뗄ꎬ폐킩쇬떼뻍늻풸틢돐떣솬듸퓰죎ꆣ뇈죧ꎬ2004쓪훂쪹13쏻펤폗뛹쯀췶ꆢ200뛠펤폗뛹뮼늡뗄ꆰ뢷퇴뚾쓌럛쫂볾ꆱ놻엻슶틔뫳ꎬ룃쫐럖맜컀짺릤ퟷ뗄뢱쫐뎤퓚뷓쫜쎽쳥닉럃쪱뇭쪾ꎺꆰ죧맻죋쏱좺훚뮹쓜탅죎컒퓚헢룶룚캻짏ꎬ컒늻쿫틽뻌듇횰ꎬ컒뮹쿫볌탸룉쿂좥ꆱꆣ듓헢튻쿖쪵낸샽뿉틔뾴돶ꎬ컒맺쒳킩헾뢮맙풱뗄퓰죎돐떣맛쓮뗍떽쇋쪲쎴뗘늽ꆣ 쯄ꆢ릫쏱짧믡랢폽늻돉쫬 뷼벸쓪ꎬ컒맺룷훖좺쳥탔쫂볾욵랢ꎬ틔훁폚쮭튲늻쓜룸돶ힼ좷뗄춳볆쫽ퟖꎬ풽벶짏럃ꆢ벯쳥짏럃탐캪쫽솿뻓룟늻쿂ꎬ쎿쓪탅럃믺릹뷓듽솿뎬맽튻잧췲볾ꎬ뿉틔쮵룷벶룷샠탅럃믺릹뚼쫇죋싺캪뮼ꆣ헢킩싒쿳뗄돶쿖뇭쏷컒맺릫쏱닎폫뗄컞탲탔ꆢퟩ횯뮯돌뛈뗍ꆣ헢킩싒쿳뗄돶쿖ꎬ튻랽쏦룺릫쏱룶쳥뗄쯘훊뷴쏜쿠맘ꎻ쇭튻랽쏦튲폫컒맺뗄릫쏱짧믡랢폽늻돉쫬폐맘ꆣ뇊헟퓚짏튻헂쳡떽컒맺뗄릫쏱짧믡죕붥탎돉ꎬ뛸릫쏱짧믡돉쫬뗄튻룶쿔훸뇪횾뻍쫇듳솿뗄뻟폐튵쓜솦뗄릫쏱짧믡ퟩ횯뗄돶쿖ꆣ틔쒿잰살뾴ꎬ컒맺뗄릫쏱짧믡ퟩ횯죔좻튵쓜솦잷좱ꎬ늻쓜폐킧ퟩ횯릫쏱폐탲ꆢ샭탔닎폫ꎬ틽떼릫쏱틔샭탔랽쪽캬뮤 ꋙ 뗋킡욽ꎺꆶ뗋킡욽컄톡ꎨ뗚뛾뻭ꎩꆷꎬ놱뺩ꎬ죋쏱돶냦짧ꎬ1994 쓪ꎬ뗚146튳ꆣ 29
컒맺탐헾컊퓰훐뗄릫쏱닎폫퇐뺿 릫릲샻틦뫍룶죋뫏램좨틦ꆣ 폡뿉욽냑컒맺릫쏱짧믡랢폽뗄뇭쿖룅삨캪죧쿂쯄뗣ꎺ쏱볤ퟩ횯뗄쫽솿톸쯙퓶볓ꎻ쏱ꋙ볤ퟩ횯뗄훖샠듳듳퓶뛠ꎻ쏱볤ퟩ횯뗄뛀솢탔쏷쿔퓶잿ꎻ쏱볤ퟩ횯뗄뫏램탔죕틦퓶듳ꆣ쯤좻쒿잰컒맺릫쏱짧믡돻탎돵뻟ꎬ떫쫇평폚쫜뢴퓓뗄짧믡헾훎풭틲뗄펰쿬ꎬ릫쏱짧믡뗄랢폽짐늻돉쫬ꎻ짧믡ퟔ훎뿕볤뺡맜폐쯹퓶듳ꎬ떫죔쪮럖폐쿞ꎬ뛔릫쏱닎폫뗄벤샸ퟷ폃폐쿞ꆣ폫릫쏱짧믡돉쫬맺볒쿠뇈ꎬ컒맺뗄릫쏱짧믡죔폐틔쿂늻ퟣꆣ 쫗쿈ꎬ럇헾뢮ퟩ횯랢폽늻맦랶ퟨ낭쇋릫쏱뗄폐탲닎폫ꆣ뇭쿖캪죽뗣ꎺ튻쫇컒맺럇헾뢮ퟩ횯뗄랢햹돵웚좱랦쿠맘뗄램싉램맦맦랶ꎬ떼훂퓚랢햹퓧웚돶쿖뗄럇헾뢮ퟩ횯솼?늻웫ꎬ벫늻맦랶ꎬ짵훁뎣뎣쿝죫믬싒뗄컞탲ힴ첬ꆣ뛾쫇튻킩럇헾뢮ퟩ횯탐헾뮯쟣쿲퇏훘ꎬ뇈죧릤믡ꆢ뢾솪뫍릲쟠췅ꎬ벸뫵돉캪탐헾믺맘ꆣ죽쫇튻킩럇헾뢮ퟩ횯릦쓜폐쿞ꎬ뷶쿞폚춬탐횮볤뗄톧쫵붻쇷ꎬ뇈죧룷훖톧믡ꆢ퇐쳖믡뫍킭믡뗈ꆣ럇헾뢮ퟩ횯랢폽늻맦랶ꎬ늻쓜룸릫쏱닎폫쳡릩쟾뗀ꆢퟩ횯틔벰틽떼ꎬퟨ낭쇋릫쏱폐ퟩ횯ꆢ폐탲뗘닎폫ꆣ 웤듎ꎬ럇헾뢮ퟩ횯뗄틀뢽탔쿞훆웤믮뚯뗄뛀솢탔ꆣ컒맺뗄럇헾뢮ퟩ횯맜샭램맦퇏룱ꎬ웤돉솢ꆢ뗇볇뫍힢닡뇘탫맒뾿떳헾믺맘ퟷ캪웤훷맜믺맘ꎻ웤뢺퓰죋튻냣튲쫇떳헾믺맘뗄췋택룉늿떣죎ꎻퟮ훘튪뗄쫇컒맺럇헾뢮ퟩ횯뺭럑살풴떥튻ꎬ벸뫵좫뾿릫릲닆헾늦뿮ꎬ웤뛀솢믮뚯쓜솦쫜떽퇏훘훆풼ꆣ헢훖뺭볃뫍훆뛈짏뗄쮫훘틀뢽탔훆풼쇋컒맺럇헾뢮ퟩ횯뗄뛀솢탔ꎬ웤탐캪뇘탫뾼싇헾뢮늿쏅뗄샻틦틔벰ퟔ짭샻틦ꎬ뫜쓑폐ퟩ횯릫쏱닎폫뗄뛀솢좨솦ꆣ ퟮ뫳ꎬ컒맺럇헾뢮ퟩ횯뗄샠탍뷏짙쿞훆쇋릫쏱닎폫뗄쟾뗀삩햹ꆣ룹뻝폡뿉욽뗄퇐뺿ꎬ컒맺뗄럇헾뢮ퟩ횯듳룅뿉틔냼삨틔쿂뻅샠ꎺ춬튵ퟩ횯ꆢ탐튵맜샭ퟩ횯ꆢ듈짆탔믺릹ꆢ톧쫵췅쳥ꆢ짧쟸ퟩ횯ꆢ횰튵탔샻틦췅쳥ꆢ릫쏱뗄ퟔ훎ퟩ횯ꆢ탋좤ퟩ횯뫍럇펯샻탔톯럾컱ꋚퟩ횯ꆣ헢벸훖샠탍뗄ퟩ횯뚼폐룷ퟔ쳘뚨뗄럾컱뛔쿳ꎬ쓑틔뫜뫃뗘캪룼뛠뗄릫쏱쳡릩닎폫뗄ퟩ횯뫍틽떼ꆣ 컥ꆢ릫쏱놾짭닎폫헏낭 릫쏱닎폫탐헾컊퓰ꎬ뛔릫쏱뗄룶죋쯘훊튪쟳뇈뷏룟ꆣ죧맻닎폫헟늻뻟놸헢튻탐캪쯹탨튪뗄쯘훊뫍쓜솦ꎬ닎폫뗄킧맻뿉쓜뻍튪듳듲헛뿛ꆣ틲듋ꎬ릫쏱뻟폐퓚헢튻맽돌훐쯹탨 ꋙ 폡뿉욽ꎺꆶ훎샭폫짆훎ꆷꎬ놱뺩ꎬ짧믡뿆톧컄쿗돶냦짧ꎬ2000쓪ꎬ뗚329튳ꆣ ꋚ 폡뿉욽ꎺꆶ훎샭폫짆훎ꆷꎬ놱뺩ꎬ짧믡뿆톧컄쿗돶냦짧ꎬ2000쓪ꎬ뗚331-332튳ꆣ 30
뗚죽헂 릫쏱닎폫탐헾컊퓰뗄헏낭럖컶 튪뗄맛쓮ꆢ횪쪶뫍쓜솦훁맘훘튪ꆣ쒿잰살뾴ꎬ컒맺릫쏱닎폫탐헾컊퓰퓚맛쓮ꆢ횪쪶틔벰쓜솦짏뚼폐늻ퟣꆣ ꎨ튻ꎩ릫쏱닎폫컊퓰뗄맛쓮훍뫳 컒맺뗄뒫춳헾훎컄뮯쫇죋샠짧믡헾훎컄쏷뗄훘튪ퟩ돉늿럖ꎬ퓚샺쪷짏ꎬ훐맺컄쏷퓸뺭쇬쿈쫀뷧잧쓪횮뻃ꎬ웤폅탣돉럖뛔뷱쳬컒맺뗄짧믡훷틥헾훎컄쏷붨짨죔뻟폐믽벫틢틥ꆣ떫쫇헾훎컄뮯쯦ퟅ쪱듺랢햹뛸쿲잰뷸늽ꎬ퓚릫릲탐헾쇬폲ꎬ떱뷱쫀뷧뗄뎱쇷쫇뎫떼릫쏱닎폫뗄컄뮯ꎬ맄샸릫쏱폫헾뢮횮볤뗄뫏ퟷ훎샭ꆣ퓚헢랽쏦ꎬ컒맺뗄쿖쪵쫇ꎬ릫쏱닎폫볠뚽컊퓰헾뢮뗄맛쓮쪮럖실뫳ꎬ헢튻쿖ힴ폫쒿잰쫀뷧룷맺뎫떼릫쏱닎폫뗄뎱쇷벫늻쿠돆ꆣ 뇊헟죏캪ꎬ퓬돉떱쿂컒맺릫쏱닎폫탐헾컊퓰맛쓮훍뫳뗄풭틲훷튪폐틔쿂벸뗣ꆣ쫗쿈ꎬ뎤웚뗄럢붨훆춳훎퓬돉쇋릫쏱뗄헾훎샤쒮ꆣ샺쪷짏ꎬ컒맺뺭샺쇋뎤듯솽잧뛠쓪뗄럢붨뻽훷훆춳훎ꎬ솽잧쓪살ꎬ럢붨춳훎헟뛔죋쏱맠쫤럾듓맛쓮ꆢ뎼쏱맛쓮ꆢ훒뻽쮼쿫틔벰쒪첸맺쫂샭쓮뗈ꎬ훂쪹컒맺죋쏱좱랦좨샻맛쓮ꆢ릫쏱틢쪶ꎬ뛔좨솦횻폐뺴캷탄샭ꎬ뛸쎻폐뮳틉폫볠뚽뗄틢쪶뫍맛쓮ꆣ쮼쿫맛쓮횧엤죋뗄탐캪ꎬ컒맺죋쏱뎤웚틔살뗄뎼쏱틢쪶뫍틀뢽맛쓮ꎬퟔ좻늻믡쿫떽튪좥닎폫뛔헾뢮뗄볠뚽컊퓰ꎬ튲좱랦폂웸좥볠뚽컊퓰헾뢮ꆣ 웤듎ꎬ헾훎뺫펢훷틥샭쓮뗄펰쿬ꆣ헾훎뺫펢훷틥훷헅뺫펢닎폫헾훎ꎬ죋쏱듳훚횻쫇튻좺컚뫏횮훚ꎬ쎻폐닎폫헾훎쯹탨튪뗄욷뗂ꆢ탞퇸ꆢ뺭퇩틔벰쓜솦ꎬ맺볒뗄훎샭횻튪붻룸짙쫽헾훎뺫펢뻍췲쫂듳벪쇋ꎬ웕춨릫쏱튪ퟶ뗄횻쫇엤뫏헾훎뺫펢뗄훎샭ꆣ퓚헾훎뺫펢훷틥샭쓮펰쿬쿂ꎬ릫쏱룹놾쎻폐닎폫헾뢮맜샭뗄믺믡ꎬ릫릲탐헾쇬폲튲뻍컞램탎돉릫쏱닎폫뗄맟샽뫍뒫춳ꆣ ퟮ뫳ꎬ탂훐맺돉솢뫳ꎬꆰퟳꆱ뗄헾훎쮼뎱뗄펰쿬ꆣ붨맺뫳ꎬ컒맺쒣럂쯕솪뗄좫쓜맺볒쒣쪽ꎬ붨솢쇋룟뛈벯좨뗄헾훎뺭볃쳥훆ꎬ맺볒좫쏦룉풤짧믡짺믮ꎬ맺볒좨솦컞뿗늻죫ꎬ째춸떽헻룶짧믡쇬폲뫍쮽죋쇬폲ꎬ릫쏱믮뚯뗄릫릲쇬폲벸뫵췪좫쿻쪧쇋ꆣ맺볒탻돆듺뇭좫쳥죋쏱뗄샻틦ꎬ맺볒샻틦뻍쫇ퟮ룟샻틦ꎬ룶죋샻틦튪럾듓맺볒샻틦ꆣ맺볒탻돆웤튻쟐탐캪뚼쫇듺뇭죋쏱뗄ꎬ뚼쫇캪쇋좫쳥죋쏱뗄릲춬샻틦ꎬ룶죋뗄샻틦놻쓚몬퓚맺볒샻틦횮훐ꎬ틲듋ꎬ릫쏱튲뻍쎻폐뛔헾뢮볠뚽컊퓰뗄뇘튪쇋ꆣ듓틔짏뗄럖컶뿉틔뾴돶ꎬ평폚샺쪷뫍쿖쪵뗄풭틲ꎬ컒맺릫쏱뮹쪮럖좱랦쿖듺릫쏱펦폐뗄욽뗈ꆢ좨샻뫍램훎맛쓮ꎬ뛔닎폫컊퓰볠뚽헾뢮뇭쿖돶쇋헾훎샤쒮ꆣ 31
컒맺탐헾컊퓰훐뗄릫쏱닎폫퇐뺿 ꎨ뛾ꎩ릫쏱닎폫컊퓰뗄횪쪶뫍쓜솦늻ퟣ 뻟놸컊퓰뗄횪쪶뫍쓜솦쫇릫쏱컊퓰쮳샻뷸탐뗄잰쳡쳵볾ꆣ릫쏱닎폫뛔헾뢮뗄볠뚽컊퓰쫜떽웤ퟔ짭횪쪶쯘훊뗄펰쿬뫍훆풼ꎬ죧맻릫쏱ퟔ짭쯘훊늻룟컞틉붫믡펰쿬닎폫뗄훊솿뫍쮮욽ꆣ릫쏱횻폐헆컕튻뚨뗄횪쪶ꎬ닅뻟놸닎헾틩헾뗄믹놾쳵볾ꆣ춬쪱ꎬ릫쏱횻폐쫬쾤튻뚨뗄램싉뫍헾훎뎣쪶ꎬ늢뻟놸닎폫뗄랽램뫍벼쟉ꎬ닅쓜샭탔뗘닎폫뛔헾뢮뗄볠뚽컊퓰ꆣ ퟜ쳥짏붲ꎬ컒맺죋쏱뗄횪쪶쮮욽뮹늻룟ꎬ늢쟒듦퓚ퟅ돇쿧뻓쏱컄뮯쯘훊닮뻠늻뛏삭듳뗄쿖쪵ꎬ폈웤쫇샏짙뇟쟮뗘쟸뻓쏱ꎬ쫜뷌폽돌뛈룼뗍ꎬ램싉뫍헾훎횪쪶좱랦ퟔ늻듽퇔ꆣ퓚헢훖쟩뿶쿂ꎬ벴쪹릫쏱폐믺믡닎폫뛔헾뢮뗄볠뚽컊퓰ꎬ릫쏱튲믡틲좱랦닎폫횪쪶뛸닺짺튻훖컞쯹쫊듓뗄룐뻵ꆣ컒맺죋쏱횪쪶쯘훊늻룟뗄쿖쪵ꎬ퇏훘뗘펰쿬쇋릫쏱ퟷ캪맺볒좨솦뗄훷죋릫뛔헾뢮벰웤릫컱풱뗄볠뚽컊퓰ꆣ뛸쟒ꎬ릫쏱뻟놸솼뫃뗄횪쪶쯘훊횻쫇릫쏱폐킧닎폫뛔헾뢮볠뚽컊퓰뗄뗚튻늽ꆣ폐킧뗄닎폫뮹튪쟳릫쏱뻟놸벰쪱믱뗃헾컱탅쾢틔벰헽좷움볛뫍뒦샭릫릲쫂컱뗄쓜솦ꆣ컒맺듳뛠쫽릫쏱뎤웚틔살좱랦폫헾뢮뗄뮥뚯뺭퇩ꎬ뛔헾뢮맽돌쇋뷢늻뛠ꎬ뛔ퟔ짭펦폐뗄좨샻뫍틥컱튲죏쪶늻쟥ꆣ폐쓄킩쟾뗀뿉틔컊퓰볠뚽헾뢮ꎬ틑폐뗄닎폫랽쪽폐퓵퇹뗄퓋탐돌탲ꎬ헾뢮탅쾢릫뾪폐쪲쎴쟾뗀ꎬ퓵퇹쓜릻벰쪱믱뗃헢킩탅쾢틔벰퓵퇹헽좷움볛헾뢮탐캪뗈ꎬ맣듳웕춨릫쏱퓚헢킩랽쏦뗄쓜솦뮹폐뫜듳늻ퟣꎬ?듽쳡룟ꆣ ꎨ죽ꎩ릫쏱닎폫컊퓰뗄뚯솦늻ퟣ 룹뻝ꆰ샭탔뺭볃죋ꆱ볙짨ꎬ죋뗄탐캪횻폐럻뫏웤ퟮ듳샻틦ꎬ쯻닅믡탐뚯ꆣ떱헾뢮벰웤맙풱뗄탐캪쟖몦떽릫쏱뗄샻틦뗄쪱뫲ꎬ릫쏱닎폫컊퓰볠뚽헾뢮뗄뚯솦쿠뛔돤ퟣꎬ튻냣퓚헢훖쟩뿶쿂ꎬ샻틦쿠맘뗄릫쏱폐뿉쓜믽벫탐뚯웰살ꆣ좻뛸ꎬ떱헾뢮탐캪늻짦벰룶죋샻틦쪱ꎬ벴뇣짦벰룶죋샻틦ꎬ떫쫇좴캢뫵웤캢쪱ꎬ뾼싇떽닎폫뗄돉놾뫍쫕틦ꎬ릫쏱헢쪱뻍믡듦퓚탐뚯뚯솦늻ퟣ뗄컊쳢ꆣ틲캪ꎬ쎿룶릫쏱뚼폐ퟔ벺뗄헽뎣짺믮뫍릤ퟷꎬ쯻퓚탐뚯횮잰뿏뚨믡뾼싇듋듎탐뚯뗄돉놾쫕틦ꎬ죧맻탐뚯돉놾룟ꎬ뛸쫕틦좴벫웤캢킡쪱ꎬ쯻뿉쓜늻믡탐뚯ꆣ죧맻헾뢮탐캪쟖몦뗄쫇릫릲샻틦ꎬ쯻뻍뿉쓜듦퓚듮뇣뎵탄샭ꎬ뗈듽웤쯻릫쏱닉좡탐뚯ꆣ쇭췢ꎬ퓚컒맺ꎬ볠뚽헾뢮벰웤맙풱뗄탐뚯폐튻뚨뗄럧쿕ꎬ죧맻릫쏱룶죋뾼싇떽룶죋벰볒죋뗄죋짭낲좫컊쳢ꎬ뫜폐뿉쓜럅웺헢퇹뗄탐뚯ꆣ 32
뗚쯄헂 컒맺릫쏱닎폫탐헾컊퓰뗄슷뺶톡퓱 뗚쯄헂 컒맺릫쏱닎폫탐헾컊퓰뗄슷뺶톡퓱 좫쏦짮뮯랢햹컒맺뗄탐헾컊퓰훆ꎬ늻뷶튪잿뮯탐헾믺맘벰웤릫컱풱퓰죎뗄쓚늿쪵쿖믺훆ꎬ뛸쟒튲튪늻틅폠솦뗘췆뚯릫쏱닎폫탐헾컊퓰ꎬ늻뛏췪짆탐헾믺맘벰웤릫컱풱퓰죎뗄췢늿쪵쿖믺훆ꆣ헫뛔떱잰컒맺릫쏱닎폫탐헾컊퓰맽돌훐듦퓚뗄헏낭ꎬ뇊헟붫퓚헢튻헂벯훐싛쫶컒맺릫쏱닎폫탐헾컊퓰뗄슷뺶톡퓱ꆣ 튻ꆢ붡좫릫쏱닎폫뗄엤쳗램훆 쒿잰퓚컒맺ꎬ횻폐붡좫헾컱탅쾢릫뾪훆뛈뫍잿뮯닎폫헟뗄죋짭낲좫놣뮤훆뛈ꎬ릫쏱닎폫탐헾컊퓰닅뻟놸쪵쿖뗄잰쳡쳵볾ꆣ ꎨ튻ꎩ붡좫헾컱탅쾢릫뾪훆뛈 헾뢮헾컱탅쾢뗄릫뾪춸쏷쫇릫쏱닎폫탐헾컊퓰뗄잰쳡쳵볾ꎬ죧맻릫쏱뛔헾뢮탐캪튻컞쯹횪ꎬ쯻뻍컞램ퟶ돶에뛏뫍움볛ꎬ튲뻍쎻폐뫳살뗄닎폫컊퓰볠뚽ꆣ쯹틔ꎬ뇘탫쫗쿈놣횤릫쏱튪뛔헾컱탅쾢뗄횪쟩좨ꆣ돏죧쏀맺톧헟낲뚫쓡ꆤ냂싞쒷쯹퇔ꎺꆰ헾훎닎폫튪쟳뷓쫜맣랺뗄쳘쫢뗄탅쾢ꎬ쓇킩믱좡헢훖탅쾢뗄죋ꎬ벴퓚킧펦뫍탄샭짏룼뛠뷩죫뗄죋ꎬ뻍룼폐뿉쓜닎폫헾훎ꆣ랴횮ꎬ쓇킩쎻폐뗃떽헢훖탅쾢뗄죋ꎬ퓲컞뚯폚훔ꎬ좱랦탄샭짏뗄춶죫ꎬꋙ틲듋ꎬ튲뻍뫜짙폐뿉쓜닎폫헾훎짺믮ꆣꆱ틲듋ꎬ릫쏱닎폫탐캪뗄랢짺ꎬ쫗쿈튪쟳헾컱탅쾢뒦퓚튻룶릫뾪춸쏷뗄뮷뺳훐ꆣ 2008쓪5퓂1죕ꎬ맺컱풺냤늼쪵쪩ꆶ헾뢮탅쾢릫뾪쳵샽ꆷ틔살ꎬ컒맺릫쏱뗄횪쟩좨맛쓮죕붥잿쇒ꎬ폐킩릫쏱ꎬ쳘뇰쫇튻킩램싉톧헟뫍릤ퟷ헟ꎬ뮹틀헕램맦맦뚨뗄좨샻ꎬ훷뚯짪쟫헾뢮릫뾪헾컱탅쾢ꆣ릫쏱횪쟩좨맛쓮뗄뇤틔벰튪쟳헾컱탅쾢릫뾪뗄뻟쳥탐뚯뚼벫듳뗘돥믷쇋헾뢮ꆰ탅쾢놣쏜ꆱ뗄뒫춳쮼캬ꆣ늻맽ꎬ틔떱잰컒맺헾컱탅쾢릫뾪뗄쿖쪵ힴ뿶뾴ꎬ탅쾢릫뾪뛈뮹풶늻쓜싺ퟣ릫쏱횪쟩좨뗄탨튪ꎬ쒳킩릫쏱틀헕램맦맦뚨짪쟫폐맘헾컱탅쾢릫뾪죔퓢폶??ꆣ헾뢮뗄헾컱탅쾢놣쏜ꎬ늻뷶쪹릫쏱닎폫컊퓰볠뚽헾뢮돉캪늻쓜뛒쿖뗄뿕뮰ꎬ튲쪹릫쏱쪧좥쇋컊퓰볠뚽헾뢮뗄믹놾잰쳡ꆣ듙뷸헾컱탅쾢릫뾪ꎬ실쪵릫쏱뛔헾컱탅쾢뗄횪쟩좨ꎬ쫇컒맺헾뢮쏱훷탐헾뗄듳쫆쯹쟷ꎬ튲쫇뿆톧탐헾뗄믹놾튪쟳ꆣ릫쏱헾컱탅쾢횪쟩좨뗄헦헽쪵쿖ꎬ탨튪훆뛈살놣헏,웤뫋탄뻍쫇튪쟐쪵실쪵ꆶ헾뢮탅쾢릫 ꋙ [쏀]낲뚫쓡ꆤ냂싞쒷ꎺꆶ헾훎짧믡톧ꆷꎬ짏몣ꎬ짏몣죋쏱돶냦짧ꎬ1989쓪ꎬ뗚293튳ꆣ 33
컒맺탐헾컊퓰훐뗄릫쏱닎폫퇐뺿 뾪쳵샽ꆷꎬ벴헾뢮쯹폐뗄헾컱탅쾢ꎬ틀헕램싉맦뚨탨튪놣쏜뗄돽췢ꎬ펦떱틀헕램뚨돌탲쿲짧믡릫늼ꎬ폈웤쫇헾뢮뻶닟ꆢ톡죋폃죋ꆢ닆헾풤쯣뗄뇠훆뫍횴탐뗈ꆣ 쟐쪵ퟶ떽헾컱탅쾢릫뾪춸쏷ꎬ튪ퟶ떽틔쿂죽뗣ꆣ뗚튻ꎬ튪돖탸탻뒫헾컱탅쾢릫뾪뗄샭쓮ꎬ쯜퓬릫쏱뗄횪쟩좨틢쪶ꎬ뇤헾뢮맙풱뗄탅쾢놣쏜쮼캬ꎬ붨솢퇴맢탐헾뗄탂샭쓮ꆣ뗚뛾ꎬ뺡뿬훆뚨좫맺춳튻뗄ꆶ헾뢮탅쾢릫뾪쳵샽ꆷ뗄쪵쪩쾸퓲ꎬ쏷좷맦뚨헾컱탅쾢릫뾪뗄쓚죝ꆢ랽쪽ꆢ돌탲뫍쪱쿞뗈ꎬ놣횤헾컱탅쾢릫뾪실떽쪵뒦ꆣ뗚죽ꎬ췪짆릫쏱횪쟩좨뗄뻈볃춾뺶ꎬ퇏쯠뒦샭맊틢틾싷헾뢮헾컱탅쾢뫍뻜늻릫뾪헾컱탅쾢뗄탐캪ꎬ듓룹놾짏뛅뻸헾뢮맙풱쿫랽짨램ퟨ낭헾컱탅쾢릫뾪뗄탐캪ꆣ늻맽듓뎤풶살뾴ꎬ뮹쫇펦룃톧쾰랢듯맺볒돉쫬뗄ퟶ램ꎬ훆뚨ꆶ헾뢮탅쾢릫뾪램ꆷ믲ꆶ퇴맢헾뢮램ꆷꆣ ꎨ뛾ꎩ잿뮯닎폫헟뗄죋짭낲좫놣뮤훆뛈 맄샸릫쏱믽벫닎폫볠뚽헾뢮벰웤맙풱ꎬ엺움ꆢ뷒랢틔벰뻙놨맙풱뗄캥램캥볍ꆢ첰컛샋럑ꆢ샄폃횰좨틔벰쪧횰횰뗈탐캪ꎬ뮹튪쓜릻좷놣탐뚯뗄릫쏱뗄죋짭낲좫ꆣ뇊헟퓚짏튻헂틑뺭쮵쏷ꎬ쒿잰컒맺램싉램맦뛔릫쏱닎폫탐캪죋뗄놣뮤퇏훘늻ퟣꎬ떼훂튻킩뻙놨죋ꆢ볬뻙죋ꆢ탅럃죋짵훁쳡돶엺움붨틩헟퓢떽룷훖쓑틔풤쇏뗄놨뢴듲믷ꆣ볓잿뛔뻙놨죋ꆢ볬뻙죋뫍탅럃죋뗄놣뮤ꎬ돽쇋퇏룱횴탐컒맺틑폐뗄램싉램맦틔췢ꎬ뮹뿉틔뷨본맺췢뗄튻킩폐킧ퟶ램ꆣ쏀맺ꆢ냄듳샻퇇뗈맺캪쇋놣뮤뻙놨죋ꆢ볬뻙죋닉좡쏅솢램뗄ퟶ램ꎬ쏀맺폐ꆶ뻙놨죋놣뮤램ꆷꆢ냄듳샻퇇폐ꆶ뻙놨헟놣뮤램ꆷꆣ틔쏅솢램탎쪽놣뮤뻙놨죋ꆢ볬뻙죋ꎬ램싉킧솦룟ꎬ맦뚨쿪쾸뻟쳥ꎬ뿉닙ퟷ탔잿ꎬ퓚쪵볹맽돌훐킧맻뷏뫃ꆣ춬쪱볍볬ꆢ볬달믺맘튲펦잿뮯뛔뻙놨죋뗄놣뮤틢쪶ꎬ냑헢훖놣뮤실쪵퓚뻟쳥뗄탐뚯훐ꎬ늻쓜퓚뷓쫜뻙놨횮뫳뻍뛔뻙놨죋ꆢ볬뻙죋늻컅늻컊ꎬ죎웤퓢쫜럇램쟖몦ꆣ 뛾ꆢ뎩춨릫쏱닎폫뗄쟾뗀 룄룯탅럃훆뛈ꆣ룄룯쿖폐뗄탅럃훆뛈ꎬ뇊헟죏캪펦듓틔쿂죽뗣죫쫖ꆣ튻쫇튪쏷좷탅럃릦쓜ꎬ룄뇤쒿잰탅럃맜쾽랶캧맽뿭뗄컊쳢ꆣ떱잰릫쏱짦벰떽뗄벸뫵쯹폐컊쳢ꆢ쎬뛜뚼뿉틔떽탅럃늿쏅짏럃ꎬ춬쪱펦뺡뿬샥쟥탅럃늿쏅뗄횰퓰뚨캻ꆣ뛾쫇탅럃늿쏅펦짨솢춳튻뗄킭뗷믺릹ꎬ룄뇤떱잰탅럃늿쏅폐퓰컞좨ꎬ좨쟡퓰훘ꎬ킧싊뗍쿂ꎬ쿠뮥췆?ꎬ탅럃늿쏅뛔좺훚짏럃컊쳢떽쿠맘늿쏅횮뫳좴퓙컞쿂컄뗄ힴ뿶ꆣ죽쫇붡좫퓰죎ힷ뺿훆뛈ꎬ룄뇤틔췹탅럃릤ퟷ훐좨훎즫닊얨뫱ꎬ퓰죎늻쟥ꎬ쯦틢탔듳뗄늻ퟣꆣ쯄쫇볓잿뷓럃릤ퟷ죋풱뛓컩붨짨ꆣ뷓럃릤ퟷ죋풱펦뻟놸쿠펦튵횪쪶ꎬ죋쫂맜샭늿쏅펦뚨웚뛔뷓럃릤ퟷ죋풱뷸탐엠34
뗚쯄헂 컒맺릫쏱닎폫탐헾컊퓰뗄슷뺶톡퓱 통ꆢ볠뚽뫍뾼뫋ꎬ쳡룟뷓럃죋풱뛓컩싄탐횰퓰뗄쯘훊뫍쓜솦ꎬ캪ퟶ뫃탅럃릤ퟷ쳡릩잿폐솦뗄죋풱뛓컩횧독ꆣ ꋙ맦랶쳽횤훆뛈ꆣ맦랶쳽횤훆뛈ꎬ쫗쿈튪맦랶쳽횤듺뇭뗄톡돌탲ꆢ쫽솿뫍뇪ힼꎬ쟐쪵ퟶ떽릫뾪춸쏷ꎬ좷놣쳽횤듺뇭뗄톡뿆톧뮯뫍듺뇭탔ꆣ웤듎ꎬ좷놣쳽횤맽돌훐쳽횤듺뇭폫뻙냬랽탅쾢뛔돆ꆣ튻쫇좷놣쳽횤듺뇭폐ퟣ릻뗄쪱볤쇋뷢뫍헆컕폫쳽횤쓚죝폐맘뗄탅쾢ꎻ뛾쫇폐맘쳘뚨탐튵뗄쳽횤믡ꎬ컞튵놳뺰뗄릫쏱컞램퓚뛌쪱볤쓚샭뷢쳽횤믡튪쳖싛뗄컊쳢ꎬ쓑틔랢뇭폐쮵럾솦뗄볻뷢ꎬ틲듋짦벰헢훖쳽횤믡쪱ꎬ튪좷놣폐볒듺뇭닎폫쳽횤ꆣ퓙듎ꎬ맦랶쳽횤듺뇭틢볻뗄믘펦훆뛈ꆣ쳽횤듺뇭죋뗄틢볻ꎬ늻싛ퟮ훕폐쎻폐놻닉쓉ꎬ뚼튪룸돶믘펦ꎬ쮵쏷닉쓉믲늻닉쓉뗄샭평ꎬ춬쪱ꎬ쳽횤뇊슼뫍뻙냬랽뛔쳽횤듺뇭뗄믘펦뚼펦춨맽튻뚨쟾뗀릫뾪ꆣퟮ뫳ꎬ훆뚨춳튻맦랶뗄쳽횤돌탲ꆣ쎻폐돌탲놣헏뗄좨샻쫇쓑틔쪵쿖뗄좨샻ꆣ컒맺쯤좻붨솢쇋쳽횤훆뛈ꎬ쳽횤뗄펦폃쇬폲튲퓚삩듳ꎬ떫쫇훁뷱쎻폐춳튻맦랶뗄뻟쳥쳽횤돌탲ꎬ쳽횤믡뗄뻙냬랽좫욾ퟔ벺뗄샭뷢뻙탐쳽횤믡ꎬ뇭쿖돶쇋벫듳뗄쯦틢탔ꆣ 붡좫쏱틢뗷닩훆뛈ꆣ붨솢붡좫쏱틢뗷닩훆뛈ꎬ샺살캪컒맺떳뫍헾뢮룟뛈쫓ꆣ떫쫇ꎬ평폚훚뛠훆풼틲쯘뗄풵맊ꎬ컒맺뗄쏱틢뗷닩훆뛈떽쒿잰늢늻붡좫ꆣ쒿잰ꎬ쏱틢뗷닩훆뛈퓚얷쏀랢듯맺볒틑뺭랢햹뗃쿠떱돉쫬뫍췪놸ꎬ컒쏇뿉틔듓훐뷨본ꆣ쫗쿈ꎬ붡좫쏱틢뗷닩뗄램싉맦뚨ꎬ좷놣헾뢮퓚뷸탐훘듳뻶닟잰컱뇘ퟶ떽쏱틢뗷닩ꎬ쇋뷢릫쏱뗄첬뛈뫍맛뗣ꎬ좷놣헾뢮뻶닟쓜붨솢퓚짮죫쇋뷢쏱쟩뗄믹뒡짏ꎬ돤럖랴펳쏱틢ꎬ쪵쿖죋쏱탨튪ꆣ웤듎ꎬ붨솢붡좫쏱틢뗷닩췸싧ꎬ럶돖뫍틽떼룷샠톯ퟩ횯랢햹ힳ듳ꆣ췪짆뗄쏱틢뗷닩훆뛈늻뷶탨튪붡좫뗄램싉맦뚨ꎬ튲탨튪헆컕뿆톧뗷닩랽램뫍뗷닩벼쫵뗄룷샠쏱틢뗷닩튵ퟩ횯ꆣ튪쿫ퟶ떽쏱틢뗷닩뷡맻뿆톧뿉탅ꎬ헢샠ퟩ횯뗄ퟷ폃늻뿉쳦듺ꆣ 돤럖랢믓뒫쎽뗄ퟷ폃ꆣ뒫쎽퓚컷랽놻죏캪쫇솢램ꆢ탐헾ꆢ쮾램횮췢뗄ꆰ뗚쯄훖좨솦ꆱꆣ뒫쎽뷧룟뛈맘힢헾뢮벰웤맙풱뗄믮뚯ꎬ튻떩랢쿖늻맬뗄쿟쯷퓲쟮ힷ늻짡ꎬ쪹웤뫜쓑쳓뇜볠뚽ꆣ돏죧럒삼삭웕삼듳톧뷌쫚쳘뛻춼ꆤ컚쳘샯낢싗쯹쮵ꎺꆰ뛔듽뢯냜탐캪ꎬ탂컅쎽쳥뗄릤ퟷ쫇떽뒦듲쳽늢듳몰듳뷐ꆣ뛔폚튻캻캴놻뗣쏻뗄릫릲맙풱살쮵ퟮ쇮죋떣탄뗄ꎬ쒪맽폚쯻뗄쏻ퟖ돶쿖퓚놨횽믲뗧쫓짏ꎬ뛸폖춬뢯냜폐맘솪ꆣ헢퇹뗄쎽쳥듦퓚놾짭뻍쫇뛔뢯냜ꋚ뗄튻훖췾짥ꆣꆱ랢믓뒫쎽뗄ퟷ폃쫗쿈튪잿뮯뒫쎽뗄볠뚽뫍탅쾢욽첨릦쓜ꆣ틔췹ꎬ컒맺 ꋙ 놾뛎닎뾼헔헱폮ꎺꆶ볓잿쳽횤훆뛈돌탲뮯붨짨 놣횤릫쏱닎폫폐킧탔ꆷꎬ컄믣놨ꎬ2006쓪10퓂9죕ꆣ틽ퟔ쿦뎱췸ꎬ췸횷ꎺ ꋚ 췵ꎺꆶ맺췢폟싛볠뚽폫랴뢯뻙듫ꆷꎬ훐맺볠달ꎬ2004쓪뗚19웚ꎬ뗚56-57튳ꆣ 35
컒맺탐헾컊퓰훐뗄릫쏱닎폫퇐뺿 뗄뒫쎽튻냣놻돆캪ꆰ떳뗄뫭짠ꆱꎬ폐뗄뮹놻죋쏇돆ퟷꆰ맙쎽ꆱ믲ꆰ맙랽쎽쳥ꆱꎬ뒫쎽뗄탻뒫뛠쫽쫇틲펦맙랽탨튪뗄놻뚯탻뒫ꎬ쿞훆쇋뒫쎽뛔헾뢮탐캪뗄볠뚽ꎬ탅쾢욽첨뗄ퟷ폃튲늻쏷쿔ꆣ룄룯뾪럅틔살ꎬ쯦ퟅ컒맺짧믡훷틥쫐뎡뺭볃쳥훆뗄좷솢뫍짧믡훷틥쏱훷헾훎뗄췆뷸ꎬ쳘뇰쫇뷼쓪탂탋뗄췸싧뒫쎽뗄틬뻼춻웰ꎬ뒫쎽뛔헾뢮탐캪뗄볠뚽ퟷ폃죕쿔ꎬ웤탅쾢욽첨뗄ퟷ폃튲쿔훸퓶잿ꆣ떱좻ꎬ뒫쎽뛔릫쏱닎폫뗄듙뷸ퟷ폃죔좻쎻쓜돤럖랢믓ꎬ헢뻍튪쟳헾뢮쓜룸뒫쎽튻룶뿭쯉뗄폟싛럕캧ꎬ쪹뗃뒫쎽쓜퓚듙뷸릫쏱닎폫볠뚽헾뢮짏랢믓룼듳뗄ퟷ폃ꆣ춬쪱뒫쎽탐튵놾짭펦볓잿룃탐튵뗄횰튵뗀뗂맦랶ꎬ쳡룟듓튵죋풱뗄횰튵쯘퇸ꎬ늢쟒샻폃ퟔ짭폅쫆ꎬ쿲짧믡릫훚탻뒫웕벰뒫쎽튵뗄횰튵뗀뗂ꎬ뛔짧믡릫훚뷸탐쎽뷩쯘퇸뷌폽ꎬ쪹짧믡릫훚뫍뒫쎽횮볤룼뫃뗘뮥뚯ꎬ돤럖랢믓뒫쎽뗄폟싛볠뚽ퟷ폃ꆣ 죽ꆢ훘쯜헾뢮맙풱뗄좨퓰샭쓮 폆뻃뗄럢붨훆뒫춳ꎬ뎤웚뗄럢뇕탐헾맜샭쳥훆ꎬ실뫳뗄좨퓰샭쓮ꎬ떼훂쇋떱잰컒맺헾뢮맙풱뗄퓰죎틢쪶떭놡ꆣ튪쿫듙뷸컒맺릫쏱닎폫탐헾컊퓰뗄탐캪ꎬ뇘탫훘쯜컒맺헾뢮맙풱뗄좨퓰샭쓮ꆣ 쫗쿈ꎬ쿲헾뢮맙풱맠쫤좨퓰뛔뗈뗄맛쓮ꆣ컒맺ퟷ캪튻룶폐ퟅ솽잧쓪럢붨샺쪷뗄맺볒ꎬ맙풱ꆰ맙놾캻ꆱ맛쓮뿉캽룹짮뗙만ꆣ쫷솢좨퓰뛔뗈뗄맛쓮ꎬ쫗쿈튪ퟶ뗄뻍쫇듲웆헾뢮맙풱ꆰ맙놾캻ꆱ뗄맛쓮ꎬ붨솢ꆰ쏱놾캻ꆱꆢꆰ틔쏱컄놾ꆱꆢꆰ틔죋캪놾ꆱ뗄맛쓮ꆣ맙풱뗄뒫춳탐헾맛쓮뇭쿖캪좨솦훁짏ꎬ랴뛔죎뫎탎쪽뗄퓰죎풼쫸ꎬ훷헅좨솦쯦탄쯹폻ꆢ럅죎ퟔ평ꎬ퓚퓰죎맛쓮ꆢ퓰죎움볛뗈랽쏦뫁컞틢쪶ꆣ쿖듺릫릲탐헾샭싛룦쯟컒쏇ꎬ좨솦폫퓰죎쏜늻뿉럖ꎬ탐헾좨솦폫탐헾퓰죎쏜늻뿉럖ꎬ뷱쳬뗄헾뢮맙풱폫럢붨쪱듺뗄맙샴폐ퟅ놾훊뗄쟸뇰ꆣ럢붨쪱듺ꎬ맙샴훷튪쫇듺뇭믊뗛춳훎죋쏱ꎬ웤좨솦살풴폚믊뗛쫚좨ꎬ횻뛔믊뗛뢺퓰뛸늻뛔죋쏱뢺퓰ꆣ뷱쳬뗄헾뢮맙풱듓쫂뗄릫릲탐헾맜샭횰쓜ꎬ틑뺭늻쫇럢붨쪱듺뗄맙샴ꎬ뛸쫇죋쏱뗄릫웍ꎬ뇘탫좫탄좫틢캪죋쏱럾컱ꆣ컒맺쿜램쏷좷맦뚨ꎬ맺볒뗄튻쟐좨솦살풴폚좫쳥죋쏱ꎬ헾뢮맙풱쫖훐뗄좨솦맩룹떽뗗쫇죋쏱뢳폨뗄ꆣ듓램싉뗘캻짏붲ꎬ맙풱뫍웕춨릫쏱쫇욽뗈뗄ꎬ늢쎻폐쪲쎴쳘좨ꎬ펵폐욽뗈뗄좨샻ꎬ횻쫇럖릤늻춬ꎬ헢쫇뷱쳬뗄헾뢮맙풱뇘탫죏쪶떽뗄ꆣ헾뢮뗄뫏램탔살ퟔ폚웤릫릲탔ꎬ뛸헾뢮맙풱쫇헾뢮좨솦뗄횴탐헟ꎬ퓚릫릲탐헾훐ꎬ볈쎻폐컞좨솦뗄퓰죎ꎬ튲쎻폐컞퓰죎뗄좨솦ꎬ좨솦폫퓰죎ퟜ쫇쿠냩뛸짺뗄ꆣ좨퓰뛔뗈뗄샭쓮ꎬ듲웆쇋컒맺뎤웚틔살듦퓚뗄캻룟좨훘퓰죎쟡뗄맙뎡맦퓲ꎬ튪쟳헾뢮맙풱죏쪶떽ꎬ튪ퟶ맙뻍튪쫷솢좨퓰뛔뗈뗄맛쓮ꎬ뇘탫냑ꆰ컒떱뛠듳뗄맙뻍폐뛠듳뗄좨ꆱ뗄캪맙맛쓮뇤캪ꆰ컒떱뛠듳뗄맙뻍폐뛠듳뗄퓰죎ꆱ뗄캪맙탂맛쓮ꆣ 36
뗚쯄헂 컒맺릫쏱닎폫탐헾컊퓰뗄슷뺶톡퓱 웤듎ꎬ헾뢮맙풱뇘탫쫷솢캪죋쏱뢺퓰뗄샭쓮ꆣ뒫춳뗄맙뎡컄뮯튪쟳헾뢮맙풱뛔짏벶뢺퓰ꎬ맙풱퓰죎뗄ힷ뺿튲쫇쇬떼쮵쇋쯣ꎬ퓰죎ힷ뺿폫웕춨릫쏱컞맘ꆣ틲듋ꎬ훐맺샺살뗄맙풱뚼폐튻훖듭컳뗄맛뗣ꎬ벴좨솦살ퟔ쇬떼뗄쫚좨ꎬ횻뛔짏벶뢺퓰ꎬ뛸늻폃뛔죋쏱뢺퓰ꆣ쪵볊짏ꎬ좫쳥맙풱ꎬ냼삨맙풱뗄짏벶ꎬ좨솦좫늿살ퟔ죋쏱뗄쫚폨ꆣ틲듋ꎬ듓헢룶틢틥짏쮵ꎬ맙풱늻뷶튪뛔짏벶뢺퓰ꎬ룼튪뛔죋쏱뢺퓰ꆣ헾뢮맙풱뛔릫쏱돐떣뇘튪뛸쪵볊뗄퓰죎ꎬ헢쫇쿖듺쏱훷짧믡폫훆짧믡ퟮ룹놾뗄쟸뇰횮튻ꆣ룹뻝쏱훷헾훎뗄샭쓮ꎬ헾뢮뗄튻쟐탐헾듫쪩벰맙풱뗄탐캪뚼뇘탫틔쏱틢캪틀맩ꎬ틠벴헾뢮맙풱뇘탫뛔죋쏱뢺퓰ꆣ쳘샯ꆤLꆤ뿢횸돶ꎬ헾뢮맙풱ퟷ캪튻훖듺샭죋뗄뷇즫ꎬ냼삨쇋뢴퓓뗄퓰죎쓚죝ꎬ벴뛔뛠훖캯췐죋뢺퓰ꎬ헢킩캯췐죋냼삨짏벶맙풱ꆢ횰튵탔뗄킭믡뫍릫쏱ꆣ퓚쯹폐룷쿮퓰죎훐ꎬ뛔짏벶맙풱뢺횱뷓뗄퓰죎ꎬ뛔웕춨릫쏱뢺ퟮ늻횱뷓뗄퓰죎ꎬ떫쫇ꎬ뛔릫쏱뢺퓰ꆢ캪릫릲샻틦럾컱좴ꋙ쫇ퟮ룹놾뗄ꆢ훕벫뗄퓰죎ꆣ돏죧뿢쯹퇔ꎺꆰ컞싛쫇내헕헽쪽뗄뻍횰탻쫄ꆢ헾훎싗샭램맦ꎬ뮹쫇램쇮ꎬퟮ훕ꎬ쯹폐뗄릫릲탐헾죋풱뗄탐캪뚼튪틔쫇럱럻뫏릫훚샻틦캪뇪ힼ살ꋚ뫢솿쫇럱뢺퓰ꆣꆱ ퟮ뫳ꎬ헾뢮맙풱뇘탫쫷솢ퟔ뻵뷓쫜죋쏱볠뚽뗄샭쓮ꆣ놣횤헾뢮맙풱뢺퓰죎뗄탐캪ꎬ뻍튪쟳헾뢮맙풱뇘탫쫷솢ퟔ뻵뷓쫜죋쏱볠뚽뗄샭쓮ꆣ뷓쫜죋쏱뗄볠뚽ꎬ헾뢮맙풱뻍늻쓜퓙낵쿤닙ퟷ뛸펦쫇릫뾪탐헾ꎬ췆뷸헾컱춸쏷ꆣ컂볒놦ퟜ샭잿뗷횸돶ꎺꆰ헾뢮뗄튻쟐좨솦ꋛ뚼쫇죋쏱뢳폨뗄ꎬ뇘탫뛔죋쏱뢺퓰ꎬ캪죋쏱쒱샻틦ꎬ뷓쫜죋쏱볠뚽ꆣꆱ헾뢮쫇죋쏱뗄헾뢮ꎬ헾뢮맙풱쫇죋쏱뗄릫웍ꎬ튻쟐릫릲탐헾맽돌뚼튪훷뚯뷓쫜죋쏱뗄볠뚽ꎬ쿲죋쏱뷢쫍ꆣ틲듋ꎬ탨튪퓚릫릲탐헾맽돌훐훷뚯쿲죋쏱릫뾪탐캪틀뻝ꆢ맽돌뫍뷡맻ꎬ폃릫뾪ꆢ춸쏷뗄탂탐헾맛쓮듺쳦낵쿤닙ퟷ뗄뒫춳탐헾맛쓮ꆣퟶ떽뷓쫜죋쏱볠뚽ꎬ뮹탨튪놣횤죋쏱퓚탐헾맽돌훐뗄닎폫뫍횪쟩ꎬ틔훆횹늢돍랣쓇킩늻뢺퓰죎뗄탐캪ꆣ쫂쪵횤쏷ꎬ떥쫇헾컱릫뾪룣뗄뫃뗄뗘랽ꎬ쓇샯뗄헾뢮맙풱뚼뇈뷏뢺퓰ꆣ쿠랴ꎬ쓄샯뗄릫뾪탐헾ꆢ죋쏱볠뚽ퟶ뗃늻뫃ꎬ쓄샯뗄뢯냜탐캪ꆢ탐헾쟖좨탐캪ꆢ늻뢺퓰죎뗄탐캪뻍쿠뛔뇈뷏퇏훘ꆣ 쯄ꆢ믽벫엠폽컒맺뗄릫쏱짧믡 엠폽뫍ힳ듳컒맺뗄릫쏱짧믡ꎬ춨맽릫쏱짧믡뗄틽떼뫍ퟩ횯릫쏱샭탔ꆢ폐탲닎폫컊퓰볠뚽헾뢮벰웤맙풱ꎬ뛔릹붨컒맺헾뢮폫릫쏱횮볤뫍킳맘쾵뻟폐훘튪뗄틢틥ꆣ쯤쮵쒿잰컒 ꋙ 닎볻쳘샯ꆤLꆤ뿢ꎺꆶ탐헾싗샭톧ꎺ쪵쿖탐헾퓰죎뗄춾뺶ꆷꎬ놱뺩ꎬ훐맺죋쏱듳톧돶냦짧ꎬ2001쓪ꎬ뗚64-65튳ꆣ ꋚ 닎볻쳘샯ꆤLꆤ뿢ꎺꆶ탐헾싗샭톧ꎺ쪵쿖탐헾퓰죎뗄춾뺶ꆷꎬ놱뺩ꎬ훐맺죋쏱듳톧돶냦짧ꎬ2001쓪ꎬ뗚71튳ꆣ ꋛ 컂볒놦ꎺꆶ퓚쪮뷬좫맺죋듳뗚뛾듎믡틩짏뗄헾뢮릤ퟷ놨룦ꆷꎬ2004쓪3퓂5죕ꆣ 37
컒맺탐헾컊퓰훐뗄릫쏱닎폫퇐뺿 맺뗄릫쏱짧믡틑뺭돵뻟돻탎ꎬ떫쫇쿠뇈랢듯맺볒뗄돉쫬릫쏱짧믡ꎬ웤닮뻠죔뷏듳ꆣ캪듋ꎬ뇊헟죏캪ꎬ믹폚컒맺릫쏱짧믡뗄랢햹쿖ힴ벰쳘뗣ꎬ엠폽뫍ힳ듳컒맺뗄릫쏱짧믡탨튪듓틔쿂벸뗣ퟅ쫖ꆣ 쫗쿈ꎬ폅뮯컒맺릫쏱짧믡돉뎤쯹탨뗄솼뫃짧믡뮷뺳ꆣ릫쏱짧믡뗄랢햹틔쫐뎡뺭볃캪틀췐뫍퓘쳥ꎬ엠폽뫍ힳ듳컒맺뗄릫쏱짧믡ꎬ쫗쿈튪ퟶ뗄뻍쫇듳솦랢햹짧믡훷틥쫐뎡뺭볃ꎬ캪릫쏱짧믡뗄랢햹엠퇸폅솼뗄퓘쳥ꆣ쫐뎡뺭볃뗄붡뾵랢햹ꎬ탨튪컒맺헾뢮볌탸뇤횰쓜ꎬ헾뢮횰쓜틔쓚뗄쫂컱튪맜뫃ꎬ헾뢮횰쓜틔췢뗄쫂컱펦붻룸쫐뎡뫍짧믡ꎬ늻뛏쫊펦쫐뎡뺭볃랢햹뗄탂튪쟳ꆣ헾뢮횻폐퓚좨솦뫍뿕볤짏뚼뛔짧믡뫍쫐뎡ퟶ돶죃뛉ꎬ뫏샭뚨캻헾뢮폫쫐뎡ꆢ헾뢮폫짧믡틔벰헾뢮폫릫쏱뗄맘쾵ꎬ쫐뎡뺭볃닅폐랢햹뗄뿕볤ꎬ릫쏱짧믡닅폐돉뎤뗄췁죀ꆣ쿠뇈컷랽맺볒뗄쫐뎡뺭볃랢햹쪷ꎬ컒맺뗄짧믡훷틥쫐뎡뺭볃쫇퓚볆뮮뺭볃놳뺰쿂돉뎤웰살뗄ꎬ릫쏱좱랦뛀솢뗄룶죋틢쪶ꆢ훷쳥틢쪶ꆢ욽뗈뗄웵풼뺫짱ꎬ틲듋헾뢮퓚틽떼쫐뎡뺭볃랢햹뗄춬쪱ꎬ튲튪힢훘엠폽릫쏱틢쪶ꆣ 웤듎ꎬ췘뿭럇헾뢮ퟩ횯뗄뺭럑살풴ꆣ쒿잰ꎬ컒맺럇헾뢮ퟩ횯뗄뷰살풴훷튪살ퟔ헾뢮릫릲닆헾틔벰맒뾿떥캻ꎬ헢훖뻖쏦떼훂쇋컒맺럇헾뢮ퟩ횯뛀솢탔폐쿞ꎬ쓑틔냚췑ퟷ캪헾뢮뢽펹뗄??뺳뗘ꆣ뷢뻶헢룶컊쳢ꎬ뇘탫췘뿭뷰살풴쟾뗀ꎬ횻폐헢퇹ꎬ럇헾뢮ퟩ횯뗄랢햹닅쓜늻쫜훆폚죋ꆣ튻냣살붲ꎬ랢듯맺볒뗄럇헾뢮ퟩ횯뷰살풴냼삨릫릲닆헾늦뿮ꆢ웳튵뻨훺틔벰룶죋뻨훺뗈ꆣ컒맺뿉틔뷨본맺볊뺭퇩뷸탐뎢쫔ꎬ뻹뫢럇헾뢮ퟩ횯뗄뷰살풴ꎬ볈쓜캪맺볒복쟡닆헾뢺떣ꎬ폖늻훁폚쪹럇헾뢮ퟩ횯즥쪧웤뛀솢탔ꆣ 뗚죽ꎬ폅뮯럇헾뢮ퟩ횯돉뎤뗄램싉뮷뺳ꆣ떱잰ꎬ컒맺맘폚럇헾뢮ퟩ횯뗄램싉램맦뇈뷏좱랦ꎬ뷶폐벸늿램싉캻뷗뗄늻룟램맦ꆢ쳵샽ꎬ늢쟒헢킩램맦ꆢ쳵샽횮볤좱랦킭뗷탔ꎬ퓬돉훷맜늿쏅맜샭짏뗄삧쓑ꆣ쿖폐램맦욫훘폚뗇볇돌탲ꎬ좱랦뻟폐헫뛔탔ꆢ맦랶틽떼럇헾뢮ퟩ횯랢햹뗄뿉탐탔쳵뿮ꎻ뗘랽램맦폖잷좱컈뚨탔뫍킭뗷탔ꎬ횴탐맽돌훐쯦틢탔뷏듳ꆣ쯹틔ꎬ펦뛔쿖폐뗄늻뫏쪱틋뗄럇헾뢮ퟩ횯맜샭램맦뷸탐좫쏦뗄쟥샭ꆢ탞뚩뫍췪짆ꎬ퇐뺿훆뚨튻늿춳튻뗄맘폚럇헾뢮ퟩ횯뗄램싉ꎬ쏷좷럇헾뢮ퟩ횯뗄램싉뗘캻ꎬ듙쪹웤솼탔랢햹ꆣ ퟮ뫳ꎬ볓잿럇헾뢮ퟩ횯ퟔ싉폫쯻싉붨짨ꆣ럇헾뢮ퟩ횯횻폐퓶잿뫍췪짆ퟔ짭랢햹쓜솦ꎬ닅폐뿉쓜쪵쿖뛀솢ퟔ훷뗄랢햹ꆣ떱잰컒맺튻킩럇헾뢮ퟩ횯쓚늿맜샭쮮욽뗍쿂ꎬퟩ돉죋풱쯘훊늻룟ꎬ퇏훘펰쿬쇋웤ퟔ짭랢햹쓜솦뗄쳡룟ꆣ튪룄뇤헢훖쿖ힴꎬ럇헾뢮ퟩ횯뇘탫췪짆ퟔ싉믺훆ꎬ붡좫쓚늿맜샭맦헂훆뛈ꎬ쳡룟ퟩ돉죋풱쯘훊ꆣ헢퇹볈쓜쏖늹헾뢮맜샭뫍맦랶틽떼늻ퟣ뗄컊쳢ꎬ폖쓜췪짆럇헾뢮ퟩ횯ퟔ컒풼쫸ꆢퟔ컒췪짆ꆢퟔ컒랢햹뗄ퟔ싉탔퓋ퟷ쳥38
뗚쯄헂 컒맺릫쏱닎폫탐헾컊퓰뗄슷뺶톡퓱 쾵ꎬ쳡룟튵럾컱쮮욽ꆣ퓚볓잿ퟔ싉붨짨뗄춬쪱ꎬ럇헾뢮ퟩ횯뮹펦룃믽벫뷓쫜췢늿ퟩ횯뗄짳볆뫍볠뚽ꎬ횻폐맽쇋췢늿볠뚽뗄맘ꎬ닅쓜믱뗃짧믡뗄탅죎뫍횧돖ꎬ듓뛸룼뫃뗘뾪햹튵릤ퟷꆣ듋췢ꎬ뮹펦틽떼뫍횧돖뒫쎽틔벰릫쏱뛔럇헾뢮ퟩ횯뗄폟싛볠뚽ꎬ쪹웤뒦퓚좫쏦볠뚽횮쿂ꎬ뺡솿뇜쏢ퟩ횯쓚늿돉풱랢짺첰뢯컊쳢ꆣ 컥ꆢ잿뮯뛔릫쏱닎폫뗄쓜솦엠퇸뫍뚯솦벤샸 탐헾컊퓰훐릫쏱닎폫뗄훷쳥쫇릫쏱ꎬ쎻폐릫쏱뗄쫗쿈랢웰ꎬ튲뻍쎻폐뷴뷓ퟅ뗄놻컊퓰뗄탐헾믺맘벰웤맙풱뗄뷢쫍ꆢ쮵쏷뫍뇧뮤틔벰좨솦볠뚽믺맘뗄뷩죫쫜샭ꆢ뗷닩ꆢ짳샭ꆢ닃에뫍퓰죎ힷ뺿뗈늽훨ꆣ쯹틔ꎬ펦떱볓잿릫쏱컊퓰맛쓮뗄엠퇸ꆢ쳡짽릫쏱닎폫컊퓰뗄횪쪶뫍쓜솦틔벰퓶잿뛔릫쏱컊퓰뗄벤샸ꆣ ꎨ튻ꎩ볓잿릫쏱닎폫컊퓰맛쓮뗄엠퇸 맺췢릫쏱닎폫컊퓰뗄쪵볹뺭퇩뇭쏷ꎬ릫쏱닎폫컊퓰ퟷ폃뗄듳킡폫릫쏱닎폫컊퓰맛쓮뗄잿죵돊헽쿠맘맘쾵ꆣ헾뢮벰웤맙풱뗄퓰죎쪵쿖믺훆짨볆뗃컞싛뛠쎴뺫쏮ꎬꆰ죧맻튻룶맺볒뗄죋쏱좱랦튻훖쓜뢳폨헢킩훆뛈틔헦쪵짺쏼솦뗄맣랺뗄쿖듺탄샭믹뒡ꎬ죧맻횴탐뫍퓋폃ퟅ쿖듺훆뛈뗄죋ꎬퟔ짭뮹쎻폐듓쮼쿫ꆢ첬뛈뫍탐캪랽쪽짏뚼뺭샺튻룶쿲쿖듺뮯뗄ꋙ뇤ꎬ쪧냜뫍믻탎랢햹뗄놯뻧뷡뻖쫇늻뿉뇜쏢뗄ꆣꆱ쯹틔ꎬ췆뷸탐헾컊퓰짮뮯랢햹ꎬ랢믓릫쏱닎폫컊퓰뗄뛀쳘폅쫆ꎬ볓잿탐헾컊퓰뗄볠뚽ퟷ폃ꎬ뇘탫훘쫓릫쏱닎폫컊퓰맛쓮뗄엠퇸ꆣ릫쏱닎폫컊퓰맛쓮뗄엠퇸랽쪽ꎬ뻟쳥뿉틔톡퓱춨맽뗧쫓ꆢ놨횽ꆢ뮥솪췸뗈뒫쎽릤뻟ꎻ튲뿉틔퓚톧킣뷌폽훐퓶볓쿠맘횪쪶뗄톧쾰ꎻ뮹뿉틔뷨훺컒맺쎿쓪뗄램훆탻뒫죕벯훐뷸탐탻뒫뷌폽ꎻ튲뿉틔춬쪱톡퓱뛠훖랽쪽뷸탐ꆣ릫쏱닎폫컊퓰맛쓮뗄엠퇸펦룃듯떽틔쿂쒿뗄ꆣ쫗쿈ꎬ볓잿릫쏱훷쳥틢쪶ꆣ춨맽릫쏱훷쳥틢쪶뗄엠퇸ꎬ쪹쎿캻릫쏱뚼쳥죏떽ퟔ벺쯹뻟폐뗄릫쏱룱ꎬ쎿캻릫쏱뚼틢쪶떽ퟔ벺쫇맺볒뗄훷죋컌ꎬ쎿캻릫쏱뚼쟥돾뗘쇋뷢ퟔ벺ퟷ캪릫쏱쯹펵폐뗄좨샻뫍펦떱싄탐뗄틥컱ꎬ쎿캻릫쏱뚼죏쪶떽ퟔ벺뗄뫏램좨샻뫍샻틦늻죝쟖랸ꎬ벴뇣쫇헾뢮믺맘벰웤맙풱튲늻탐ꎬ쎿캻릫쏱뚼쫇헾훎짺믮뗄닎폫훷쳥ꆣ웤듎ꎬ잿뮯릫쏱뗄닎폫틢쪶ꆣ춨맽릫쏱닎폫틢쪶뗄엠퇸ꎬ쪹쎿캻릫쏱죏쪶떽ꎬퟷ캪맺볒뗄훷죋컌ꎬ볠뚽헾뢮틀램싄탐퓰죎늻뷶쫇ퟔ벺뗄틥컱ꎬ튲쫇ퟔ벺뗄퓰죎ꎻ릫쏱뗄뫏램좨샻뫍샻틦ꎬ횻폐춨맽ퟔ짭믽벫닎폫닅쓜릻뗃떽쟐쪵놣헏ꎬ릫쏱룶죋펦룃믽벫훷뚯뗘웰살탐뚯ꎬ룒폚뛔헾뢮뷸탐볠뚽컊퓰ꆣퟮ뫳ꎬ잿뮯릫쏱뗄욽뗈틢쪶ꆣ춨맽릫쏱욽뗈틢쪶뗄엠퇸ꎬ쪹 ꋙ [쏀]낢샺뿋쮹ꆤ펢룱뛻쮹ꎺꆶ죋뗄쿖듺뮯ꆷꎬ틳슽뻽틫ꎬ돉뚼ꎬ쯄뒨죋쏱돶냦짧ꎬ1985쓪ꎬ뗚4튳ꆣ 39
컒맺탐헾컊퓰훐뗄릫쏱닎폫퇐뺿 쎿캻릫쏱죏쪶떽ꎬ퓚쿖듺램훎맺볒샯ꎬ죋폫죋횮볤쫇욽뗈맘쾵ꎬ냼삨웕춨뗄릫쏱뫍헾뢮맙풱횮볤튲쫇욽뗈맘쾵ꎬ헢훖욽뗈맘쾵늻틲짭럝뗘캻닆닺닮뇰뛸룄뇤ꆣ ꎨ뛾ꎩ쳡짽릫쏱닎폫컊퓰뗄횪쪶뫍쓜솦 웕춨릫쏱벴뇣뻟놸쇋컊퓰맛쓮ꎬ튪쿫쮳샻췪돉컊퓰믮뚯뮹쫇늻첫죝틗ꎬ틲캪릫쏱닎폫컊퓰믮뚯탨튪릫쏱헆컕튻뚨뗄컊퓰횪쪶뫍쓜솦ꎬ벴탨튪릫쏱횪뗀튪컊퓰헾뢮벰웤맙풱펦룃퓵쎴좥ퟶ늢쟒뻟놸헢퇹ퟶ뗄쓜솦ꆣ틲듋ꎬ쳡짽릫쏱닎폫컊퓰뗄횪쪶뫍쓜솦쫇뇘튪뗄릤ퟷꆣ쫗쿈ꎬ튪뛔릫쏱뷸탐컊퓰횪쪶뗄탻뒫ꆣ탻뒫랽쪽뿉틔쇩믮퓋폃뒫춳뗄쎽쳥ꆢ췸싧쎽쳥ꎬ튲뿉틔쿲릫쏱랢럅탻뒫쫖닡ꆢ탻뒫뾨뗈ꆣ탻뒫쓚죝튻냣펦냼삨쪲쎴쫇첰컛쫜믟ꆢ샄폃횰좨ꎻ램싉램맦뛔헢킩컊쳢뗄쿠맘맦뚨ꎻ릫쏱닎폫컊퓰폐쓄킩쟾뗀ꎬ닉폃쪲쎴퇹뗄쟾뗀룼폐킧ꎻ컊퓰쪱퓵퇹놣뮤ퟔ벺ꎻ놣뮤릫쏱뗄컊퓰좨샻ꎬ좨솦볠뚽믺맘펦룃ퟶ쪲쎴릤ퟷ뗈뗈ꆣ 웤듎ꎬ탨튪쳡짽릫쏱뷸탐컊퓰뗄쓜솦ꆣ릫쏱닎폫컊퓰탨튪믽벫탐뚯뗄릫쏱ꎬ뛸늻쫇컞뚯폚훔뗄뎼쏱ꆣ떱잰퓚컒맺ꎬ쯤좻릫쏱닎폫컊퓰뗄쪵쿖믺훆늻췪짆ꎬ떫죔폐튻킩뿉틔샻폃뗄쟾뗀ꆣ탨튪잿뗷뗄쫇ꎬꆰ죧맻릫쏱짧믡ퟔ짭컞램훷뚯뗘듓헾뢮뗄릫뾪탔훐톰쟳폐샻뗄틲쯘ꎬퟸ뗈뗄뷡맻붫믡쪹컒쏇랢쿖ꎬ벴쪹폐뫃뗄램싉ꆢ릫뾪탔뗄훆뛈뫍뻟폐잰햰탔ꋙ틢쪶뗄릫컱풱ꎬ웤쯹쓜랢믓뗄ퟷ폃튲쪮럖폐쿞ꆣꆱ쯹틔ꎬ횻폐릫쏱뫍릫쏱췅쳥볓잿ퟔ짭쯘훊뗄엠퇸ꎬ쟐쪵쳡짽컊퓰뗄쓜솦ꎬ퓋폃뛔뮰뗄랽쪽폫헾뢮벰웤맙풱쪵쿖폐킧릵춨늢쮵럾헾뢮뷓쫜컊퓰ꆣ쳡짽릫쏱닎폫컊퓰뗄쓜솦ꎬ늻뷶릫쏱룶죋탨튪ퟶ돶얬솦ꎬ헾뢮튲폐퓰죎쳡릩놣헏ꎬ좷놣릫쏱쮳샻쪵쿖웤컊퓰좨샻ꆣ릫쏱룶죋탨튪춨맽얬솦톧쾰헆컕램싉램맦ꆢ헾훎횪쪶틔벰닎폫벼쟉ꎻ맺볒뗄퓰죎쫇쪵쿖헾컱춸쏷ꎬ놣헏릫쏱횪쟩좨틔벰놣뮤웤뫏램뫏샭뗄닎폫좨ꎬ틔놣횤뻟놸컊퓰쓜솦뗄릫쏱쮳샻췪돉컊퓰믮뚯ꆣퟜ횮ꎬ릫쏱닎폫컊퓰탐뚯뗄뾪햹탨튪룼뛠뻟폐컊퓰횪쪶뫍쓜솦뗄릫쏱ꎬ춬쪱ꎬ릫쏱닎폫컊퓰탐뚯놾짭튲쫇엠폽쿖듺릫쏱뗄훘튪랽쪽ꆣ 쇭췢ꎬ떱뷱쫀뷧ꎬ탅쾢벼쫵죕탂퓂틬ꎬ컒맺뗄뮥솪췸닺튵랢햹튲쿠떱톸쯙ꎬ췸쏱죋ꋚ쫽뿬쯙퓶볓ꎬ캪릫쏱닎폫컊퓰쳡릩쇋룼뇣샻뗄릤뻟ꆣ쯹틔ꎬ헆컕튻뚨뗄췸싧횪쪶뫍벼쫵ꎬ샻폃췸싧톰쟳짧믡뗄냯훺ꎬ폃뫃췸싧컊퓰쟾뗀ꎬ튲쫇쿖듺릫쏱뇘놸뗄쯘훊뫍벼쓜ꆣ ꋙ 쫀뷧틸탐볒ퟩꎺꆶ릫릲늿쏅뗄짧믡컊퓰:샭쓮첽쳖벰쒣쪽럖컶ꆷꎬ놱뺩ꎬ훐맺죋쏱듳톧돶냦짧ꎬ2007쓪ꎬ뗚32튳ꆣ ꋚ 룹뻝훐맺뮥솪췸탅쾢벼쫵훐탄(CNNIC)쳡릩뗄쫽뻝ꎬ뷘훁떽2010쓪6퓂30죕ꎬ컒맺뗄췸쏱죋쫽틑뎬맽틚죋ꎬ늢쟒뮹퓚뿬쯙퓶볓ꆣ 40
뗚쯄헂 컒맺릫쏱닎폫탐헾컊퓰뗄슷뺶톡퓱 ꎨ죽ꎩ퓶잿뛔릫쏱닎폫컊퓰뗄벤샸 릫쏱닎폫컊퓰뗄훷튪쒿뗄퓚폚캬뮤릫쏱뫏램좨샻뫍릫릲샻틦ꎬ듙뷸헾뢮벰웤맙풱틀램싄탐횰퓰ꎬ춬쪱뛔릫쏱룶죋뗄헾훎닎폫쓜솦튲쫇튻룶통솷맽돌ꎬ쯹틔ꎬ듙뷸릫쏱닎폫컊퓰뛔짧믡뻟폐헽릦쓜ꆣ쏦뛔탐헾믺맘뛔룶죋뗄탐헾쟖좨ꎬ릫쏱룶죋탐뚯웰살ꎬ뿉틔춨맽탅럃ꆢ탐헾뢴틩뫍탐헾쯟쯏뗈쫖뛎캬뮤뫏램좨샻ꆣ퓚헢훖릫쏱닎폫컊퓰탐뚯훐ꎬ릫쏱뗄훷튪쒿뗄쫇캬뮤쮽좨ꎬ쿠뛔살붲뚯솦돤ퟣꆣ떫쫇떱릫릲샻틦쫜떽쟖몦쪱ꎬ릫쏱믡늻믡믽벫탐뚯웰살뷸탐컊퓰쓘ꎿ뇈죧죕틦퇏훘뗄뮷뺳컛좾ꎬ맺폐닺쇷쪧뗈컊쳢ꆣ뇊헟쿠탅폐풸틢캪릫릲샻틦춦짭뛸돶뗄죋ꎬ떫쫇뛠쫽죋뚼뻟폐듮뇣뎵탄샭ꆣ헢쪱ꎬ뻍탨튪퓶잿뛔릫쏱닎폫컊퓰뗄벤샸ꎬ쯹캽ꆰ훘짍횮쿂뇘폐폂럲ꆱꆣ튻냣살붲ꎬ뛔폚뻙놨헾뢮맙풱첰뢯ꆢ횰뗄뻙놨죋ꆢ탐헾릫틦쯟쯏죋뗈뿉틔짨솢컯훊붱샸ꆣ뇈죧ꎬ쏀맺뗄ꆶ뒵짚죋놣뮤램낸ꆷ맦뚨ꎬ죧맻뻙놨죋늻뷶쳡릩뻙놨탅쾢ꎬ뛸쟒ퟷ캪풭룦닎폫웰쯟ꎬ뻙놨죋뿉틔럖떽엢뎥뛮뗄15%-25%ꎻ죴쫇뻙놨죋뛀솢뗷닩ꆢ웰쯟ꎬ뿉틔럖떽엢뎥뛮뗄25%-30%ꆣ춨맽헢훖룟컯훊붱샸뗄냬램벤샸릫쏱닎폫컊퓰ꎬ듯떽좫쏦볠뚽헾뢮벰웤맙풱뗄쒿뗄ꎬ늢ퟮ훕캬뮤릫릲샻틦ꆣ ퟮ뷼ꎬ컒맺튲폐튻킩뗘랽춨맽짨솢컯훊붱샸뗄냬램ꎬ뚽듙릫쏱믽벫볠뚽탐헾믺맘벰웤맙풱뗄릤ퟷퟷ럧ꆣ2009쓪5퓂ꎬ맣뚫쪡솮붭쿘짨솢훘붱맄샸쫐쏱뻙놨탐헾믺맘뗄ꆰ쿐ꋙ상즢ꆱ뗈늻솼릤ퟷퟷ럧ꎬ뻙놨릫쏱ퟮ룟뿉믱뗃튻췲풪뗄붱샸ꆣ뫾쓏쪡죋쏱볬달풺2009쓪6퓂22죕뇭쪾ꎬ뛔폚릫쏱뻙놨맙풱첰컛믟슸ꆢ횰쟖좨랸ퟯ낸볾ꎬ볬달믺맘붫폨틔훘뷰붱샸ꎬ튻냣내헕뻙놨쯹짦쫂쪵ힷ뷉퓟뿮뗄냙럖횮쪮틔쓚랢럅붱뷰ꎬ쫽뛮룟듯뛾쪮췲ꋚ풪죋쏱뇒짵훁룼뛠ꆣ뇊헟죏캪ꎬ쿠맘늿쏅뿉틔춨맽컯훊붱샸뗄랽쪽벤샸웕춨릫쏱믽벫닎폫컊퓰헾뢮벰웤릫컱풱ꆣ떱좻ꎬ헢훖떥뒿컯훊벤샸뗄냬램튲듦퓚늻ퟣꎬ늻맽죔좻쫇쒿잰캪횹ퟮ캪폐킧뗄벤샸랽쪽ꆣ ꋙ 맣훝솮붭훘붱쫐쏱뻙놨탐헾믺맘ꆰ쿐상즢ꆱꎬ췸횷ꎺhttp://www. ꋚ 뫾쓏볬랽ꎺ뻙놨첰맙붱튻돉퓟뿮ꎬ돾쳬뚼쫐놨ꎬA20냦ꎬ2009쓪6퓂23죕ꆣ 41
컒맺탐헾컊퓰훐뗄릫쏱닎폫퇐뺿 뷡 싛 죋샠짧믡뛾쪮쫀볍뗄ퟮ뫳뛾쪮쓪ꎬ듓맅샏뗄뚫랽떽쿖듺뗄컷랽ꎬ듓놾훷틥짧믡떽짧믡훷틥짧믡ꎬ듓쿈뷸횮냮떽뫳뷸횮냮ꎬ쫀뷧룷맺헾뢮쿆웰쇋튻막릫릲탐헾룄룯뗄뻞듳샋뎱ꆣ냩쯦ퟅ헢막룄룯뻞샋ꎬ릫릲탐헾톧뷧돶쿖쇋룷훖탂뗄샭싛쮼쿫ꎬ샽죧웳튵볒헾뢮샭싛ꆢ릫릲럾컱뗄쏱펪뮯샭싛ꆢ탂릫릲럾컱샭싛뗈ꎬ룷훖샭싛쮼쿫쓚죝룷틬ꎬ쟣쿲룷폐닠훘ꎬ떫웤쒿뗄좴퓚쒳훖돌뛈짏뻟폐튻뚨뗄쿠쯆탔ꎬ벴뚼튪쟳헾뢮쓜릻붵뗍탐헾돉놾ꆢ쳡룟킧싊ꆢ듙뷸릫컱풱뗄솮뷠틔벰붨짨룼볓뢺퓰죎뗄헾뢮ꆣ탐헾컊퓰훆뛈뗄뒴붨뻍쫇쮳펦듋듎룄룯샋뎱ꎬ좷놣헾뢮틀램헽좷싄탐퓰죎ꎬ붨짨쇮릫쏱룼볓싺틢뗄퓰죎헾뢮뗄탂첽쯷ꆣ 컒맺뗄탐헾맜샭쳥훆룄룯쪼폚1982쓪ꎬ떽2008쓪틑뺭쿈뫳뷸탐쇋쇹듎ꎬ탐헾맜샭쳥훆룄룯뗄쒿뗄쫇캪쇋쫊펦컒맺뺭볃짧믡랢햹뗄탨튪ꆣ2003쓪ꆰ럇뗤ꆱ틟쟩놬랢틽랢릫릲컀짺캣믺ꎬ훐퇫헾뢮쫗뾪탐헾컊퓰쿈뫓ꎬ뒦샭쇋솽캻럀훎ꆰ럇뗤ꆱ늻솦뗄쪡늿벶맙풱ꆣퟷ캪튻훖풼쫸탐헾좨솦뫍잿뮯탐헾퓰죎뗄훆뛈ꎬ탐헾컊퓰훆뗄쪩탐뛔폚쳡룟헾뢮뗄횴탐솦뫍릫탅솦ꎬ붨짨좨퓰튻훂뗄퓰죎헾뢮ꆢ틀램탐헾뗄램훎헾뢮ꆢ퇴맢탐헾뗄솮뷠헾뢮뫍캪쏱럾컱뗄럾컱탍헾뢮랢믓쇋훘튪뗄췆뚯ퟷ폃ꆣ 탐헾컊퓰퓚컒맺뗄쪵볹쯣웰살튲횻폐웟쓪ퟳ폒뗄쪱볤ꎬ쯹틔헢튻퇐뺿뿎쳢퓚훐맺폯뺳쿂뮹뇈뷏탂ꎬ뿉틔쮵죔뒦폚돵뒴뫍탎돉뷗뛎ꆣ컒맺뗄탐헾컊퓰틔탐헾믺맘쓚늿뗄춬쳥컊퓰캪훷ꎬ틬쳥컊퓰랢햹쿠뛔훍뫳ꎬ쳘뇰쫇맣듳릫쏱ퟷ캪헾뢮탐헾컊퓰뗄떱좻훷쳥쎻폐랢믓뛔헾뢮벰웤릫컱풱펦폐뗄볠뚽컊퓰ퟷ폃ꆣ뇊헟쯹싛쫶뗄탐헾컊퓰훐뗄릫쏱닎폫뻍쫇횸퓚쫂잰뫍쫂훐뗄탐헾컊퓰뷗뛎틽죫릫쏱헢튻엓듳뗄볠뚽솦솿ꎬ늢쟒퓚탐헾컊퓰뗄헻룶맽돌훐훘쫓맣듳릫쏱닎폫볠뚽ꆣ틲캪헾뢮탐헾좨솦뗄탐쪹ꆢ탐헾뻶닟틔벰탐헾횴탐뚼폫맣듳릫쏱뗄쟐짭샻틦쾢쾢쿠맘ꎬ짦벰떽릫쏱짺믮뗄룷훖닣쏦ꎬ춬쪱ꎬ릫쏱닎폫뛔헾뢮뗄볠뚽튲쫇릫쏱좨샻뗄쪵쿖ꎬ쯹틔ꎬ릫쏱폐뚯솦튲폐틥컱믽벫닎폫ꆣ쒿잰살뾴ꎬ컒맺뗄릫쏱닎폫뿉틔쯣뗃짏뫜믮풾ꎬ떫쫇닎폫맽돌훐죔쏦쇙훮뛠헏낭ꎬ늢쟒닎폫뗄킧맻튲늻뺡죋틢ꎬ샭싛뷧뫍쪵컱뷧뚼폐퓰죎퓚횰퓰랶캧쓚뷸탐첽쯷뫍얬솦ꆣ 떱잰컒맺뺭볃짧믡뿬쯙랢햹ꎬ짧믡뒦폚탍웚ꎬ헾뢮횰쓜쿠뛔살쮵튲뒦폚뇤뚯늻뻓뗄ힴ첬ꎬ탐헾맜샭쳥훆룄룯죔탨쿲짮죫췆뷸ꆣ틔컒맺헾뢮뗄탐헾맜샭쳥훆룄룯늻뛏짮죫42
뷡 싛 췆뷸캪웵믺ꎬ틔캪죋쏱럾컱캪ퟚ횼ꎬ틔릹붨퓰죎헾뢮캪쒿뇪ꎬ퓚헾뢮뗄탐헾컊퓰훐틽죫릫쏱닎폫ꎬ힢훘ꆰ죃죋쏱볠뚽헾뢮ꆱꎬ닅쓜캪컒맺뗄퓰죎헾뢮붨짨뫍릫릲럾컱탍헾뢮붨짨쳡릩돤ퟣ뗄뚯솦벤샸ꆣ 평폚뇊헟뗄톧쫵쫓튰뫍퇐뺿쮮욽뚼뫜폐쿞ꎬ컄훐늻쏢폐늻떱뫍슩횮뒦ꎬ뺴쟫샏쪦늻쇟횸돶ꎬ톧짺튻뚨퓚뷱뫳뗄릤ퟷ뫍톧쾰훐얬솦룄뷸ꎬ뺡솿췪짆ꆣ 43
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뫳 볇 뫳 볇 쪱맢듒듒ꎬ쮲볤죽쓪뗄톧쾰짺믮뷡쫸쇋ꎬ싛컄실뇊횮볊ꎬ쮼탷췲잧ꆣ쟳톧쪮벸쓪ꎬ벴붫샫뾪톧킣ꎬ튻쪱횮볤폐뗣늻짡ꆣ뺲쿂탄ꎬ믘맋죽쓪살뗄톧쾰뺭샺ꎬ뛔룶죋살쮵ꎬ쓜릻ퟟ떽뷱쳬ꎬ탄훐돤싺룐뛷ꆣ퓚헢샯컒튪룐킻쓇킩냯훺맽컒ꆢ맘탄맽컒ꆢ횧돖맽컒뗄샏쪦ꆢ춬톧뫍엳폑ꆣ 쫗쿈ꎬ룐킻컒뗄샏쪦쏇ꆣ훔탄룐킻튵떼쪦돾쏷샏쪦ꆣ듓죫톧뾪쪼ꎬ돾샏쪦뗄쾤탄맘뮳뻍냩쯦컒쏇ퟳ폒ꎬ룸컒쏇짏뿎ꎬ횸떼컒쏇싛컄톡쳢ꎬ맘탄컒쏇싛컄뗄킴ퟷ뷸뛈ꆣ욾탄뛸싛ꎬ돾샏쪦뛔쎿룶춬톧뗄맘뮳뚼컞캢늻훁ꎬ쯻뗄럮쿗뫍뢶돶쇮죋룐뚯ꆣ룐킻췴살뷜샏쪦ꆣ췴샏쪦쫇컒뗄싛컄횸떼샏쪦ꎬ퓚싛컄뾪쳢뫳ꎬ룺췴샏쪦뗄뷓뒥ퟮ뛠ꆣ췴샏쪦듽죋쯦뫍ꎬ욽틗뷼죋ꎬ룺쯻붻쇷죧뒺럧ꎬ퓚싛컄뗄킴ퟷ맽돌훐폶떽삧쓑ퟜ쫇쓜듓쯻쓇샯뗃떽냯훺뫍맄샸ꆣ룐킻쯹폐뗄죎뿎샏쪦ꆣ쯻쏇쫇쏏쟬샏쪦ꆢ십들뻼샏쪦ꆢ엓뫩훽샏쪦ꆢ맘톧퓶샏쪦ꆢ쒪웰짽샏쪦ꆢ헔훎램샏쪦ꆢ쇵뮪쳎샏쪦ꎬ쫇쯻쏇뗄탁쟚뢶돶쪹컒믱뗃쇋킴ퟷ싛컄쯹펦뻟놸뗄튵횪쪶ꆣ 웤듎ꎬ룐킻컒뗄춬톧뫍엳폑ꆣ룐킻춬뒰뫃폑훜죙뎬ꆢ뛎컄ꆢ쯯쳎ꆢꆢ맹뫬뻪ꆢ퇮탒떤ꆢ헅병병ꆢ뛅컄ퟚꆢ췵컄뮪ꆢ헅좽좽ꆣ뿎짏컒쏇튻웰첽쳖뇧싛ꎬ뿎쿂튻웰톧쾰ꎬ릲춬폩샖ꎬ쯻쏇듸룸컒뿬샖ꎬ듓쯻쏇짭짏컒톧떽뫜뛠ퟶ죋뗄뗀샭ꆣ룐킻컒뗄엳폑십낺뫍쇵뿯폮ꎬ쯻쏇캪놾컄뗄햪튪랭틫쳡릩쇋냯훺ꆣ ퟮ뫳ꎬ룐킻쒸킣뫓쓏듳톧ꆣ쒸킣뫓쓏듳톧폐뷼냙쓪뗄샺쪷ꎬ죋컄웸쾢얨폴ꎬ펲볾짨쪩웫놸ꎬ톧쾰뮷뺳폅풽ꎬ캪컒쏇뗄톧쾰ꆢ짺믮ꆢ돉뎤ꆢ돉닅쳡릩쇋솼뫃뗄뮷뺳ꆣ쒸킣뗄튻닝튻쒾ꆢ뗀슷붨훾ꆢ샏쪦춬톧뚼죃컒놶룐쟗쟐ꎬ헢샯뗄쟳톧뺭샺쇮컒훕짺쓑췼ꆣ훔탄힣뢣쒸킣뫓쓏듳톧쏷쳬룼쏀뫃ꆣ 뇏튵쫇뷡쫸튲쫇탂뗄뾪쪼ꆣퟔ듋ꎬ컒붫헽쪽첤죫짧믡듳죛슯ꎬ쳥퇩짺믮뗄ퟌ캶ꆣ믘쫗톧짺쪱듺뗄톧쾰짺믮돤싺쏀뫃볇틤ꎬ뛔폚캴살ꎬ컒돤싺웚듽ꆣ컒쿠탅ꎬ폐샏쪦뗄횸틽ꎬ춬톧뗄맄샸ꎬ엳폑뗄냯훺ꎬ쟗죋뗄맘탄ꎬ퓚틔뫳뗄죋짺슷짏ꎬ컒믡ퟟ뫃쎿튻늽ꆣ 샮캰 2011쓪5퓂폚뫓쓏듳톧 47
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