ꆡ훐쟠쓪볒췸튳ꆡ뺭볃톧볒폫뺭볃샭싛퇐뺿쪷뷺뒨ꆡꆡ쓚죝쳡튪ꆡ뺭볃톧볒평톧풺뺭볃톧볒ꆢ헾뢮뺭볃톧볒뫍릫쮾뺭볃톧볒죽늿럖ퟩ돉ꆣ톧풺뺭볃톧볒쯹훷튪듓쫂뗄뺭볃샭싛퇐뺿듳훂짏뿉틔럖돉톧쫵컊쳢떼쿲뗄뺭볃샭싛퇐뺿ꆢ쿖쪵뺭볃컊쳢떼쿲뗄뺭볃샭싛퇐뺿뫍뿧톧뿆컊쳢떼쿲뗄뺭볃샭싛퇐뺿죽훖샠탍ꆣ톧풺뺭볃톧볒뗄훷튪쪹쏼쫇뺭볃샭싛뗄뒴탂ꆢ뺭볃럖컶릤뻟뗄뒴탂뫍뺭볃퇐뺿쇬폲뗄췘햹ꆣ맘볼듊ꆡ뺭볃톧ꆡ뺭볃톧볒ꆡ뺭볃샭싛퇐뺿ퟷ헟쪷뷺뒨,헣붭듳톧뺭볃톧풺뷌쫚ꆢ늩쪿짺떼쪦ꆣꆡꆡ룄룯뾪럅틔살,냩쯦ퟅ훐맺듳맦쒣뗄뺭볃훆뛈뇤잨뫍뺭볃랢햹,뺭볃톧퓚맺쓚톸쯙뗘랢햹돉캪튻쏅짧믡뿆톧쇬폲훐뗄ꆰ쿔톧ꆱ,뺭볃톧볒튲돉캪쇮죋쿛쒽뗄횰튵ꆣ짧믡뺭볃짺믮훐,뺭볃톧볒듳훂짏뿉틔뮮럖돉죽훖샠탍:튻쫇퓚듳톧뫍짧믡뿆톧퇐뺿믺릹듓쫂뺭볃샭싛퇐뺿뗄톧풺뺭볃톧볒;뛾쫇퓚헾뢮늿쏅ꆢ맺볊뺭볃ퟩ횯뫍냫맙랽뺭볃ퟩ횯듓쫂짧믡뺭볃헾닟퇐뺿뗄헾뢮뺭볃톧볒;죽쫇퓚릫쮾(웳튵)뫍폐맘톯벰훐뷩믺릹듓쫂뺭펪믮뚯톯퇐뺿뗄릫쮾뺭볃톧볒ꆣ헢죽샠뺭볃톧볒뗄퇐뺿쇬폲퓚쪵볊뗄퇐뺿믮뚯훐뗄뷇즫늢럇쫇만뚨늻뇤뗄,뛸쫇쪱뎣쿠뮥ꆰ뿍뒮ꆱ뫍붻닦뗄ꆣ떫쫇,퓚짧믡뿆톧퇐뺿뇈뷏랢듯뗄맺볒뫍뗘쟸,룷훖샠탍뗄뺭볃톧볒듳뛠럖쫴퇐뺿럖릤뇈뷏쏷좷뗄뺭볃톧볒좺쳥,놾컄쯹싛벰뗄뺭볃톧볒훷튪횸뗄쫇쫴폚뗚튻훖샠탍뗄톧풺뺭볃톧볒,ퟅ훘닻쫶톧풺뺭볃톧퓚뺭볃샭싛퇐뺿훐냧퇝뗄뷇즫ꆣ톧풺뺭볃톧볒돽쇋퓚듳톧뫍톧쫵퇐뺿믺릹춨맽쫚뿎뫍횸떼톧짺뒫쫚뺭볃톧뗄샭싛뫍뺭볃톧뗄퇐뺿랽램췢,듓뿆톧퇐뺿뗄쫓뷇살뾴,웤훷튪뗄릤ퟷ쫇듓쫂뺭볃샭싛뗄퇐뺿ꆣퟐ쾸튻뗣뗄맛달뿉틔랢쿖,뺭볃샭싛뗄퇐뺿폖듳훂뿉틔럖캪죽룶볈폐솪쾵폖폐쟸뇰뗄늿럖,튻쫇틔톧쫵컊쳢캪떼쿲뗄뺭볃샭싛퇐뺿,뛾쫇틔쿖쪵뺭볃컊쳢캪떼쿲뗄뺭볃샭싛퇐뺿,죽쫇틔뿧톧뿆컊쳢캪떼쿲뗄뺭볃샭싛퇐뺿ꆣꆤ113ꆤ
ꆡ톧쫵퓂뾯ꆡ.ꆡ튻ꆢ톧쫵컊쳢떼쿲뗄뺭볃샭싛퇐뺿틔톧쫵컊쳢캪떼쿲뗄뺭볃톧샭싛퇐뺿,춨뎣놻쫓ퟷ캪뺭볃톧뒿샭싛퇐뺿,쯽쫇죋샠듓쫂뿆톧퇐뺿뗄ꆰ훇솦뛍솶ꆱ뒫춳뗄튻늿럖ꆣ뺭볃톧뒿샭싛퇐뺿뗄훷튪쒿뗄쫇ힷ쟳뛔뺭볃톧샭싛놾짭뗄죕헩췪짆,쫇폐맘뺭볃샭싛쓚퓚싟벭뷡릹폫샭싛쳥쾵ꆰ쏀ꆱ뗄첽쯷ꆣ뺭볃톧뒿샭싛퇐뺿뗄튻룶럇뎣쿔훸뗄믹놾쳘헷쫇,퇐뺿뗄뺭볃톧믹놾쏼쳢놣돖늻뇤,떫퓚늻뛏짮죫뗄퇐뺿맽돌훐,뛔뺭볃톧믹놾쏼쳢싛횤뗄랽램룼캪뿆톧,싟벭룼캪퇏쏜,샭싛쳥쾵룼캪췪쏀ꆣ훚쯹훜횪,퇇떱ꆤ쮹쏜퓚ꆶ맺뢻싛ꆷ훐쳡돶쇋폐맘쫐뎡킭뗷짧믡뺭볃믮뚯뗄튻룶ퟮ훸쏻뗄쏼쳢,벴ꆰ뾴늻볻뗄쫖ꆱꆣ퇇떱ꆤ쮹쏜쮵,죋쏇퓚듓쫂뺭볃믮뚯쪱,ힷ쟳뗄뷶쫇룶죋뗄샻틦ꆰ,쯻춨뎣볈늻듲쯣듙뷸릫릲샻틦,튲늻횪뗀쯻ퟔ벺쫇퓚쪲쎴돌뛈짏듙뷸쓇훖샻틦ꆣꆭꆭ평폚쯻맜샭닺튵뗄쒿뗄퓚폚쪹웤짺닺컯뗄볛횵쓜듯떽ퟮ듳돌뛈,쯻쯹엌쯣뗄튲횻쫇쯻ퟔ벺뗄샻틦ꆣ퓚헢훖뎡뫏,쿱퓚웤쯻탭뛠뎡뫏튻퇹,쯻쫜ퟅ튻횻뾴늻볻뗄쫖뗄횸떼,좥뺡솦듯떽튻룶늢럇쯻놾틢쿫튪듯떽뗄쒿뗄ꆣꆭꆭ쯻ힷ쟳ퟔ벺뗄샻틦,췹췹쫇쯻쓜뇈퓚헦헽뒦폚놾틢뗄쟩뿶쿂룼폐킧뗘듙뷸짧믡뗄샻틦ꆱꆣꋙ듓맅뗤뺭볃톧떽탂맅뗤뺭볃톧뗄뺭볃샭싛퇝뷸맽돌훐,훚뛠뗄뺭볃톧볒캧죆ꆰ뾴늻볻뗄쫖ꆱ헢튻믹놾쏼쳢뷸탐쇋듳솿짮죫ퟐ쾸뗄퇐뺿,쇴쿂뗄뺭볃톧컄쿗뿉틔뫁늻뿤헅뗘탎죝캪ꆰ몹얣돤뚰ꆱꆣ쮹쏜냙쓪뫳,램맺뺭볃톧볒삳낺ꆤ췟뛻삭쮹킴돶쇋ꆶ뒿듢뺭볃톧튪틥ꆷ튻쫩,릹붨쇋튻룶틔쫽톧뗄솪솢랽돌ퟩ캪쳘즫뗄튻냣뻹뫢샭싛,폃살싛횤ꆰ뾴늻볻뗄쫖ꆱꆪꆪꆪ쫐뎡믺훆퓚짧믡뺭볃믮뚯뗄풴엤훃맽돌훐뗄ퟷ폃ꆣ퓚췟뛻삭쮹뗄튻냣뻹뫢샭싛훐,쫐뎡뗄릩룸폫탨쟳쿠뮥ퟷ폃,닺짺쇋튻ퟩ짌욷(샍컱)뫍짺닺튪쯘뗄볛룱,쫐뎡퓚헢ퟩ볛룱뗄횧엤ퟷ폃쿂,뎧짌캪쇋믱뗃샻죳ퟮ듳뮯뗄탐캪뫍뻓쏱캪믱뗃킧폃ퟮ듳뮯뗄탐캪,ퟮ훕붫떼훂쫐뎡ퟜ탨쟳뗈폚ퟜ릩룸뗄뷡맻ꆣꋚ태뇋쳘붫췟뛻삭쮹뗄튻냣뻹뫢샭싛폾캪튻늿뺫좷뗄뺭볃톧ꆰ듳쿜헂ꆱꆣ췟뛻삭쮹틔뫳,엁샛췐ꆢ컖뛻뗂ꆢ쾣뿋쮹ꆢ럫ꆤ억틢싼ꆢ싳뿏웫뫍낢삳쮹뗈죋듓늻춬뗄뷇뛈뫍닣쏦뷸튻늽싛횤췪짆쇋튻냣뻹뫢샭싛,횱떽20쫀볍50ꆪ60쓪듺,낢싞-뗂늼슳뗈죋퓋폃췘웋톧벰ꆰ늻뚯뗣풭샭ꆱ뗈룼캪룟짮뗄쫽톧럖컶릤뻟,뷸튻늽퇏쏜뗘싛횤쇋퓚튻ퟩ퇏룱볙뚨쳵볾쿂,튻냣뻹뫢쒣탍훐뻹뫢뗄듦퓚탔ꆢ캨튻탔뫍컈뚨탔컊쳢,쪹뗃ퟔ평뺺헹뗄쫐뎡뺭볃샭싛돉캪튻ퟹ싟벭퇏쏜뫍쳥쾵췪쏀뗄뺭볃톧샭싛듳쿃ꆣꋛ떤쓡뛻ꆤ놴뛻퓸횸돶ꆰ:평낢싞ꆢ뗂늼슳뫍뿢웕싼뗈죋쯹췪짆뗄ꆮ튻냣뻹뫢ꆯ쒣탍ꆭꆭ쫇튻룶폐맦싉퓋뚯뗄쳬쳥뷡릹,퓚룃뷡릹훐,췪좫뺺헹뫍풴뗄ퟮ폅엤훃ퟷ캪튻횻ꆮ뾴늻볻뗄쫖ꆯ랢믓ퟅퟷ폃ꆣꆱꋜ폫뛔ꆰ뾴늻볻뗄쫖ꆱ뗄퇐뺿뫍튻냣뻹뫢샭싛쳥쾵뗄붨솢폐쯹늻춬,탂탋맅뗤뺭볃톧벰뎬뇟볊럖컶뺭볃샭싛쳥쾵뗄뒴솢,쫇뛔퇇떱ꆤ쮹쏜샍뚯럖릤뫍튵뮯헢튻믹놾쏼쳢뗄훘탂랢뻲뫍쿠펦뗄탂탋맅뗤뺭볃톧샭싛쳥쾵뗄훘붨ꆣ퇇떱ꆤ쮹쏜퓚ꆶ맺뢻싛ꆷ훐폃듳솿뗄컄ퟖ닻쫶쇋샍뚯럖릤뫍튵뮯뛔쳡룟샍뚯짺닺싊뗄ퟷ폃,쳡돶쇋ꆰ럖릤쫇뺭볃퓶뎤뗄풴좪ꆱ뫍ꆰ럖릤쮮욽평쫐뎡맦쒣뻶뚨ꆱ뗈훸쏻뗄쏼쳢ꆣ탂맅뗤뺭볃톧돉캪컷랽뺭볃샭싛뗄훷쇷뫳,샍뚯럖릤뫍튵뮯컊쳢퓚뫜듳돌뛈짏돉쇋튻룶놻뺭볃톧볒틅췼뗄쇬폲ꆣꋙ닎볻퇇떱ꆤ쮹쏜ꆶ:맺쏱닆뢻뗄탔훊뫍풭틲퇐뺿ꆷ(쿂뻭),짌컱펡쫩망1979쓪훐컄냦,뗚27튳ꆣꋚ닎볻삳낺ꆤ췟뛻삭쮹ꆶ:뒿듢뺭볃톧튪틥ꆷ,짌컱펡쫩망1989쓪훐컄냦ꆣꋛ닎볻풼몲ꆤ틁쳘캤뛻뗈훷뇠ꆶ:탂엁뛻룱샗럲뺭볃톧듳듇뗤ꆷ뗚뛾뻭뗚534ꆪ549튳폐맘ꆰ튻냣뻹뫢ꆱ뗄듊쳵ꆣꋜ떤쓡뛻ꆤ놴뛻ꆶ:뺭볃싛쫶훐뗄쒣탍폫쿖쪵ꆷ,퓘떤쓡뛻ꆤ놴뛻,컄ꆤ뿋샯쮹췐뛻뇠ꆶ:뺭볃샭싛뗄캣믺ꆷ,짏몣틫컄돶냦짧1985쓪훐컄냦,뗚81튳ꆣꆤ114ꆤ
ꆡ훐쟠쓪볒췸튳ꆡ뺡맜낢싗ꆤ퇯룱퓚1928쓪랢뇭쇋ꆶ뗝퓶놨돪폫뺭볃뷸늽ꆷ헢욪싛컄,뷸튻늽짮죫퇐뺿쇋샍뚯럖릤폫놨돪뗝퓶ꆢ쫐뎡맦쒣뫍릩쟳맘쾵컊쳢,쳡돶쇋훸쏻뗄ꆰ퇯룱뚨샭ꆱ,떫쫇,탂맅뗤뺭볃톧죔뻉뛔샍뚯럖릤뫍튵뮯컊쳢탋좤좱좱ꆣꋙ20쫀볍80ꆪ90쓪듺,퇮킡뾭춨맽퓋폃뎬뇟볊럖컶랽램,붫튵뮯뺭볃샍뚯럖릤뫍뺭볃ퟩ횯훘탂틽죫떽뺭볃톧뗄뫋탄늿캻,쓚짺뮯쇋룶죋톡퓱튵뮯쮮욽뗄뻶닟,퓚듋믹뒡짏퇐뺿쇋쫐뎡뫍볛룱훆뛈뻶뚨짧믡럖릤쮮욽뗄믺훆,뛔캢맛뺭볃ꆢ뫪맛뺭볃뫍맺볊뺭볃뗄탭뛠컊쳢뻹룸돶쇋탂뗄뷢쫍,듓뛸돵늽붨솢웰쇋튻룶늻춬폚탂맅뗤뺭볃톧뗄탂탋맅뗤뺭볃톧샭싛쳥쾵ꆣꋚ틔톧쫵컊쳢캪떼쿲뗄뺭볃톧뒿샭싛퇐뺿쇭튻룶럇뎣쿔훸뗄믹놾쳘헷,뻍쫇뛔뺭볃톧믹놾럖컶릤뻟뗄뒴탂ꆢ룄뷸폫췪짆ꆣ퓚헢튻퇐뺿쇬폲훐,늩?싛뗄뒴솢폫랢햹쫇튻룶벫뫃뗄샽ퟓꆣ탂맅뗤뺭볃톧쫇춨맽퇐뺿샭탔죋(뺭볃죋)뗄톡퓱탐캪살퇐뺿짧믡뺭볃믮뚯뗄풴엤훃컊쳢뗄ꆣ컞싛쫇뻓쏱뮹쫇뎧짌,릹돉헢킩뺭볃훷쳥톡퓱뗄풼쫸쳵볾췹췹쫇쫕죫ꆢ돉놾ꆢ볛룱뗈튻ퟩ럇죋룱뮯뗄뺭볃뇤솿ꆣ샽죧,뻓쏱룹뻝룶죋킧폃몯쫽뗄톡퓱횻쫜쫕죫뫍볛룱뗄풼쫸ꆣ틲듋,퓚뒫춳뗄탂맅뗤뺭볃톧뗄럖컶훐,쒳룶뺭볃훷쳥뗄톡퓱탐캪쯆뫵늻믡횱뷓쫜떽쇭튻뺭볃훷쳥탐캪뗄펰쿬ꆣ늩?싛뗄닺짺,쪹뗃뺭볃톧볒뿉틔뷨훺헢튻탂뗄럖컶릤뻟,뾪쪼붫뺭볃훷쳥톡퓱탐캪뗄쿠뮥펰쿬쓉죫뺭볃샭싛퇐뺿뗄쫓튰ꆣ듓20쫀볍50쓪듺훁90쓪듺,ퟷ캪튻훖퓋폃쇬폲죕틦맣랺뗄뺭볃럖컶릤뻟,늩?싛뺭샺쇋듓돵뒴떽룄뷸뫍췪짆뗄샺돌ꆣ듓50쓪듺돵웚뗄췪좫탅쾢뺲첬늩?벰쓉쪲뻹뫢,떽60쓪듺훐웚뗄췪좫탅쾢뚯첬늩?벰ퟓ늩?뺫솷쓉쪲뻹뫢,퓙떽60쓪듺뫳웚늻췪좫탅쾢뺲첬늩?벰놴튶쮹쓉쪲뻹뫢,횱떽70쓪듺훁80쓪듺늻췪좫탅쾢뚯첬늩?벰뺫솷놴튶쮹쓉쪲뻹뫢ꆣ쓉쪲ꆢ퓳뛻쳚ꆢ몣죸쓡ꆢ뿋죰웕쮹ꆢ췾뛻즭ꆢ뢣뗇늩룱뫍쳝죴뛻뗈죋늻뛏뗘췆뚯ퟅ늩?싛퇐뺿뗄짮죫뫍룄짆ꋛꆣ춬쪱,늩?싛퓚컷랽훷쇷뺭볃톧훐뗄뗘캻죕쿔춻돶,웤퓋폃쇬폲듓ퟮ돵뗄닺튵ퟩ횯퇐뺿,늻뛏뗘쿲닺튵폫샍뚯맘쾵ꆢ웳튵뚨볛ꆢ탅듻폫놣쿕ꆢ맺볊쎳틗ꆢ릫릲닆헾ꆢ믵뇒헾닟뗈캢맛뺭볃뫍뫪맛뺭볃쇬폲톸쯙삩헅,벫듳뗘퓶잿쇋뺭볃샭싛뗄뷢쫍쓜솦ꆣ늩?싛퇐뺿횮췢,퓚캢맛볆솿뺭볃톧퇐뺿쇬폲,햲쒷쮹ꆤ뫕뿋싼폐맘퇹놾톡퓱뗄톡퓱탔욫닮샭싛벰뛾뷗뛎맀볆퇐뺿랽램뗄뒴솢폫떤쓡뛻ꆤ싳뿋램뗇폐맘샫즢톡퓱탐캪퇐뺿뗄샭싛뫍랽램뗄뒴탂;퓚쪵퇩뺭볃톧퇐뺿쇬폲,런얩ꆤ쪷쏜쮹뗈죋퓚붫쫐뎡쪵퇩틽죫캢맛뺭볃럖컶뗄뺭볃톧쪵퇩랽램뗄뒴붨;퓚뷰죚볆솿뺭볃톧퇐뺿쇬폲,싞늮쳘ꆤ뛷룱뛻쯹뒴솢뗄ARCH(ퟔ믘맩쳵볾틬랽닮)쒣탍뫍뿋삳럲ꆤ룱삼뷜쯹뒴솢뗄킭헻쒣탍,튲뚼쫇럇뎣훘튪뗄뺭볃샭싛퇐뺿훐믹놾럖컶릤뻟뗄뒴탂ꆣ뺭볃톧럖컶릤뻟뗄뒴탂,벫듳뗘퓶잿쇋뺭볃톧샭싛퇐뺿훐뗄싟벭솦솿ꆣ헽죧풼몲ꆤ싳뿋쏗싗쯹횸돶뗄ꆰ,퓚뺭볃톧뗄퇐뺿훐,벼쫵쫇늻뿉믲좱뗄ꆣ횻폐뺭평퇏룱뗄쒣탍뮯,죋쏇닅뿉쓜헦헽뗘쇋뷢튻룶탂뗄쮼쿫맛뗣뗄헽좷폫럱ꆱꆣꋜ톧쫵떼쿲뗄뺭볃샭싛퇐뺿ퟮ듳뗄샺쪷릦벨퓚폚췆뷸뺭볃샭싛퇐뺿뗄뿆톧뮯뷸돌,퓶잿쇋뺭볃톧ퟷ캪튻쏅짧믡뿆톧뗄뿆톧탔ꆣ뺡맜퓚짧믡뿆톧퇐뺿쇬폲,냼삨뺭볃톧퇐뺿쇬폲,뛔폚뺭볃톧뗄톧뿆탔훊벰뿆톧탔컊쳢,냼삨뺭볃샭싛퇐뺿뗄쫽톧뮯뫍탎쪽뮯,튻횱듦퓚ퟅ뻞듳뗄맛뗣럖웧ꆣꋝ떫쫇,죔폐쿠떱쫽솿뗄뺭볃톧볒죏캪,쏗뛻뛙ꆤ뢥샯뗂싼뷌쫚맘폚뺭볃톧톧뿆뗄탔훊뫍뺭볃톧뿆쪵횤ꋙ폐맘20쫀볍50ꆪ80쓪듺볌탸맘힢튵뮯컊쳢뗄뺭볃톧퇐뺿컄쿗뿉틔닎퓄퇮킡뾭뗄톧쫵퇐뺿ퟔ쫶,퓘ꆶ샭탔뗄벤쟩ꆪꆪꆪ맺볊뺭볃톧뗮쳃뗄훐맺붨훾쪦ꆷ,훐탅돶냦짧2004쓪냦,뗚343튳ꆣꋚ폐맘쓚죝뿉틔닎퓄퇮킡뾭ꆢ헅폀짺훸ꆶ:탂탋맅뗤뺭볃톧뫍뎬뇟볊럖컶ꆷ,훐맺죋쏱듳톧돶냦짧2000쓪냦ꆣꋛ폐맘늩?싛뗄샭싛벰웤랢햹뿉틔닎퓄싞늮쳘ꆤ벪놾쮹ꆶ:늩?싛믹뒡ꆷ,훐맺짧믡뿆톧돶냦짧1999쓪훐컄냦ꆣꋜJohnMcMillan,EditorꆯsNote,JournalofEconomicLiterature,March2000.(
ꆡ톧쫵퓂뾯ꆡ.ꆡ퇐뺿랽램뗄믹놾뾴램,퓚뫜듳돌뛈짏죔좻듺뇭쇋뺭볃톧뗄톧뿆랢햹랽쿲ꆣꋙ듓놾훊짏뾴,뺡맜뺭볃톧뿆짭뒦폫ퟔ좻뿆톧늻춬뗄짧믡뿆톧퇐뺿쇬폲,떫쫇,뺭볃톧뿆폫ퟔ좻뿆톧훐훮뛠톧뿆쿠춬뗄튻룶랽쏦쫇,쯼쏇쯹얬솦첽뺿뗄뚼쫇틔늻춬뇤솿탎쪽뇭쿖돶살뗄쫂컯횮볤뗄쿠뮥솪쾵뫍ퟷ폃믺훆믲뇤뮯맦퓲,쒿뗄뚼쫇ퟷ돶럻뫏쫂컯놾짭퓋뚯믲랢햹맦싉뗄헽좷풤닢ꆣ뛾ꆢ쿖쪵뺭볃컊쳢떼쿲뗄뺭볃샭싛퇐뺿틔쿖쪵뺭볃컊쳢캪떼쿲뗄뺭볃샭싛퇐뺿,훷튪쫇헫뛔폐맘짧믡뺭볃퓋탐벰뺭볃짺믮훐쯹닺짺뗄탂컊쳢믲탂뷼랢쿖뗄풭놾놻뫶쫓뗄컊쳢뛸햹뾪뗄뺭볃샭싛퇐뺿ꆣ쿖쪵뺭볃컊쳢떼쿲뗄뺭볃샭싛퇐뺿,훷튪뗄늻횻쫇뷶뷶퓋폃쿖듦뗄뺭볃샭싛살뷢쫍뺭볃컊쳢,룼훘튪쫇떱쿖듦뗄뺭볃샭싛쫜떽탂뗄뺭볃컊쳢뗄쳴햽,컞램퓋폃뒫춳뗄뺭볃샭싛뫍럖컶뿲볜살뛔탂뗄뺭볃컊쳢ퟷ돶쇮죋탅럾뗄뷢쫍쪱,뺭볃톧볒춨맽탞헽ꆢ룄뷸뫍췪짆풭폐뗄뺭볃샭싛,믲헟춨맽뒴붨탂뗄뺭볃샭싛,쳡돶탂뗄뺭볃럖컶뿲볜,살뛔뺭볃컊쳢ퟷ돶탂뗄샭싛뷢쫍ꆣ쯹틔,뺡맜헢튻샠뺭볃샭싛퇐뺿쫇틔쿖쪵뺭볃컊쳢캪떼쿲뗄,떫퓚놾훊짏쯽폫틔톧쫵컊쳢떼쿲뗄뒿뺭볃샭싛퇐뺿폐ퟅ릲춬뗄탔훊,뚼쫴폚뺭볃톧뗄샭싛뒴탂퇐뺿ꆣ떱좻,듓뺭볃샭싛퇐뺿뗄쒿뗄탔뫍릦폃탔살뾴,틔쿖쪵뺭볃컊쳢캪떼쿲뗄뺭볃샭싛퇐뺿,췹췹횱뷓뗘돉캪훆뚨뷢뻶짧믡컊쳢뗄뺭볃헾닟뗄샭싛틀뻝ꆣ틔뫪맛뺭볃퇐뺿캪샽,뫪맛뺭볃톧샭싛ퟔ짭뗄붨솢뫍랢햹벰웤췪짆,뻍쫇럇뎣뗤탍뗄틔쿖쪵뺭볃컊쳢캪떼쿲뗄뺭볃샭싛퇐뺿뗄뷡맻ꆣ훚쯹훜횪,룹뻝ꆰ죸틁뚨싉ꆱ뫍십킪뛻ꆢ췟뛻삭쮹뗈죋캪듺뇭뗄탂맅뗤뺭볃톧샭싛,쫐뎡뻟폐ퟔ뚯뗷뷚뗄릦쓜,틔돖탸뗄짧믡뺭볃뗄ퟜ릩룸뫍ퟜ탨쟳쪧뫢캪쳘헷뗄뺭볃캣믺쫇늻뿉쓜돶쿖뗄ꆣ떫쫇,20쫀볍20쓪듺쒩훁30쓪듺뗄쫀뷧탔뺭볃듳캣믺,쪹뗃탂맅뗤뺭볃샭싛뒦폚튻훖벫캪??뗄뺳뗘ꆣ쟭ꆤ싞뇶톷럲죋돆횮캪뺭볃톧뗄ꆰ뗚튻듎캣믺ꆱꆣꋚ쏦쇙듳쿴쳵뗄삧뺳,뾭뛷쮹뛔탂맅뗤뺭볃톧뗄샍뚯쫐뎡샭싛ꆢ놾쫐뎡샭싛뫍믵뇒쫐뎡샭싛뷸탐쇋짮뿌뗄랴쮼ꆣ퓚ꆶ뻍튵ꆢ샻쾢뫍믵뇒춨싛ꆷ튻쫩훐,붨솢쇋폐킧탨쟳샭싛살뷢쫍쪧튵뫍뺭볃캣믺ꆣ룹뻝뾭뛷쮹뗄샭싛,폐킧탨쟳뿉틔럖캪쿻럑탨쟳뫍춶탨쟳,뇟볊쿻럑쟣쿲뗝복믡떼훂쿻럑탨쟳늻ퟣ,놾뇟볊킧싊뗝복뫍쇷뚯탔욫뫃벰쿠펦뗄쇷뚯탔쿝뷸믡떼훂춶탨쟳늻ퟣ,뛸폐킧탨쟳뗄늻ퟣ퓲믡떼훂쪧튵뗄닺짺벰뺭볃캣믺뗄놬랢ꆣꋛ뾭뛷쮹뗄폐킧탨쟳샭싛늻뷶캪쿖듺뫪맛뺭볃톧뗄붨솢뗬뚨쇋믹뒡,튲캪컷랽맺볒햽뫳퓋폃닆헾헾닟뫍믵뇒헾닟뷸탐뫪맛뺭볃뗷뿘쳡릩쇋샭싛틀뻝ꆣ퓚쏀맺ꆶ뮪뛻뷖죕놨ꆷ뷼웚뛔쪮벸캻뺭볃톧억놴뛻붱뗃훷뗄럃첸훐,떱컊떽ꆰ쮭쫇뛾쪮쫀볍ퟮ뷜돶뗄뺭볃톧볒ꆱ헢튻컊쳢쪱,듳늿럖뺭볃톧볒뚼쳡떽쇋뾭뛷쮹ꆣ웤훐풼즪럲ꆤEꆤ쮹뗙룱샻듄죏캪,뾭뛷쮹뗄샭싛쪹뗃뺭볃톧볒죏쪶떽쪧튵컊쳢뗄돖탸탔벰럇돤럖뻍튵뺭볃뻹뫢뗄듦퓚;쯻붨솢쇋탂뗄뺭볃샭싛,듙뷸쇋뺭볃톧뗄랢햹,쫇뺭볃톧퇐뺿뗄훘듳춻웆,뛔뺭볃퓋탐닺짺쇋짮풶뗄펰쿬ꆣꋜ듓20쫀볍50쓪듺훁뷱,쿖듺뺭볃톧훐뫪맛뺭볃샭싛뗄랢햹,퓚뫜듳돌뛈짏뿉틔쮵쫇쿖쪵뺭볃컊쳢떼쿲뗄뺭볃샭싛퇐뺿ꆣ샽죧,탂맅뗤ퟛ뫏톧엉뗄놣싞ꆤ죸뛻즭뗈죋헫뛔뫪맛뺭볃퓋탐훐돶쿖뗄춨믵엲헍뫍쪧튵늢듦뗄뺭볃쿖쿳,샻폃ꆰ럆샻웕쮹쟺쿟ꆱ살뷢쫍춨믵엲헍싊폫쪧튵싊횮볤뗄붻ꋙ닎퓄뢥샯뗂싼ꆶ:쪵횤뺭볃톧ꆷ,퓘ꆶ뢥샯뗂싼컄?ꆷ,쫗뚼뺭볃쎳틗듳톧돶냦짧2001쓪훐컄냦,뗚119ꆪ165튳ꆣꋚ닎볻쟭ꆤ싞뇶톷ꆶ:뺭볃샭싛뗄뗚뛾듎캣믺ꆷ,퓘ꆶ쿖듺맺췢뺭볃톧싛컄톡ꆷ,짌컱펡쫩망1979쓪냦,뗚1ꆪ17튳ꆣꋛ닎볻풼몲ꆤ쎷쓉뗂ꆤ뾭뛷쮹ꆶ:뻍튵ꆢ샻쾢뫍믵뇒춨싛ꆷ,짌컱펡쫩망1999쓪훐컄냦ꆣꋜ닎볻ꆶ억붱뗃훷ퟝ싛냋듳뺭볃톧컊쳢ꆷꆶ,뮪뛻뷖죕놨ꆷ2004쓪10퓂19죕,틽ퟔꆰ훐맺뺭볃톧뷌폽뿆퇐ꆱ췸ꆣꆤ116ꆤ
ꆡ훐쟠쓪볒췸튳ꆡ쳦맘쾵,늢뻝듋쳡돶쿠펦뗄닆헾헾닟뫍믵뇒헾닟;뛸믵뇒훷틥톧엉뗄쏗뛻뛙ꆤ뢥샯뗂싼뫍낮뗂뮪ꆤ럑뛻웕쮹뗈죋퓲룹뻝춨믵엲헍뫍쪧튵컊쳢탂뗄쳘헷,뷸튻늽싛횤쇋뛌웚럆샻웕쮹ꆢ뎤웚럆샻웕쮹쟺쿟ꆢ뢽볓풤웚뗄럆샻웕쮹쟺쿟,틔뷸튻늽뷢쫍퓚늻춬뗄뫪맛뺭볃퓋탐놳뺰쿂춨믵엲헍싊폫쪧튵싊솽헟볤돊쿖뗄룷훖뢴퓓뗄맘쾵ꆣ뛔춨믵엲헍뫍쪧튵컊쳢뗄뷸튻늽짮죫퇐뺿,ퟮ훕떼훂쇋뫪맛뺭볃톧쇬폲훐틔슬뾨쮹뫍죸뷰쳘캪듺뇭뗄ꆰ샭탔풤웚샭싛ꆱ뗄떮짺,튻랽쏦볓잿뫍삩돤쇋뫪맛뺭볃샭싛뗄캢맛믹뒡,쇭튻랽쏦벫듳뗘펰쿬쇋뫪맛뺭볃헾닟뗄떼쿲ꆣꋙ쫂쪵짏,2004쓪뺭볃톧억놴뛻붱뗃훷믹뗂삼뗂뫍웕샗쮹뿆쳘폐맘뫪맛뺭볃헾닟퓋폃훐뗄ꆰ쪱볤튻훂탔쓑쳢ꆱ(뚯첬늻튻훂컊쳢),튲춬퇹쫇헢튻퇐뺿쇬폲훐틔쿖쪵뺭볃컊쳢캪떼쿲뗄뺭볃톧샭싛퇐뺿뗄춻웆ꆣ듋췢,퓚뫪맛뺭볃샭싛뗄랢햹맽돌훐,냂뿏뫍췐뇶뗈죋헫뛔맺쏱쫕죫퓶뎤폫뻍튵컊쳢쯹쳡돶뗄ꆰ냂뿏뚨싉ꆱ벰ꆰ탂뺭볃톧ꆱ,쏉듺뛻뗈죋헫뛔뾪럅뺭볃쳥쾵훐뗄맺볊쫕횧폫믣싊뇤뚯컊쳢쯹쳡돶뗄ꆰ쏉듺뛻-뢥삳쏷쒣탍ꆱ,튲뚼쫴폚틔쿖쪵뺭볃컊쳢캪떼쿲뗄뺭볃샭싛퇐뺿ꆣ춬퇹뗘,퓚랢햹뺭볃톧퇐뺿쇬폲,쇵틗쮹ꆢ쫦뛻듄ꆢ쏗뛻듯뛻뗈죋뗄뺭볃샭싛,듳뚼튲뿉틔맩죫캪틔쿖쪵뺭볃컊쳢캪떼쿲뗄뺭볃샭싛퇐뺿ꆣ뺭볃톧뷧폐맘쿖쪵뺭볃컊쳢떼쿲뗄뺭볃톧퇐뺿쫇럱쫴폚뺭볃톧샭싛퇐뺿뗄죏쪶쫂쪵짏쫇듦퓚럖웧뗄ꆣ폐뗄뺭볃톧볒짵훁죏캪횻폐ퟶꆰ탎뛸짏ꆱ뗄뒿뺭볃샭싛퇐뺿닅쫇헦헽뗄톧쫵퇐뺿,뛸맘힢ꆰ탎뛸쿂ꆱ뗄쿖쪵뺭볃컊쳢뗄퇐뺿쫇ꆰ죽쇷뺭볃톧볒ꆱ뗄ퟷ욷,늻쓜죏캪쫇샭싛퇐뺿,짵훁늻쫴폚ퟶ톧컊ꆣ헢웤쪵쫇튻훖듸폐욫볻뫍죝틗컳떼죋뗄맛뗣ꆣ쪵볊짏,틔쿖쪵뺭볃컊쳢캪떼쿲뗄뺭볃톧퇐뺿쯹닺짺뗄퇐뺿돉맻듳훂튲폐죽훖샠탍:뗚튻훖쫇랢햹돶탂뗄뺭볃샭싛뫍(믲)뺭볃럖컶릤뻟뗄퇐뺿;뗚뛾훖쫇퓋폃쇋쿖폐뗄뺭볃샭싛뫍뺭볃럖컶릤뻟뷢쫍쇋탂뗄뺭볃컊쳢믲룼뫃뗘뷢쫍쇋풭폐뗄뺭볃컊쳢뗄퇐뺿;뗚죽훖쫇퓋폃쇋쿖폐뗄뺭볃샭싛뫍뺭볃럖컶릤뻟럖컶쇋쯹튪뷢뻶뗄뺭볃컊쳢뫍쳡돶쇋뷢뻶컊쳢뗄뺭볃헾닟뗄퇐뺿ꆣ뫳솽훖샠탍뗄뺭볃톧퇐뺿듓뺭볃톧샭싛퇐뺿뗄쫓뷇살뾴,웤훷튪ퟷ폃쫇삩햹쇋뺭볃샭싛뛔폚뺭볃컊쳢뗄뷢쫍쓜솦,쯹틔튲늻쓜췪좫볲떥뗘붫쯽쏇듓헻쳥짏업돢돶뺭볃샭싛퇐뺿뗄랶캧ꆣ훁폚틔쿖쪵컊쳢캪떼쿲뗄헢튻훖샠탍뗄뺭볃톧퇐뺿,뺡맜웤쟐죫뗣쫇ꆰ탎뛸쿂ꆱ뗄쿖쪵뺭볃컊쳢,떫쫇퇐뺿돉맻좴뇭쿖캪쫇ꆰ탎뛸짏ꆱ뗄풭뒴탔뗄뺭볃샭싛,틲듋,컞틉뗘펦룃놻쫓ퟷ캪뺭볃톧뗄샭싛퇐뺿ꆣ쳈죴늻듸욫볻뗘맛달컷랽뺭볃톧뷧틔뺭볃샭싛퇐뺿캪ퟚ횼뗄뚥벶뺭볃톧웚뾯,뻍뿉틔랢쿖쿠떱듳뗄뇈샽뗄퇐뺿컄쿗튲뚼쫇듓ꆰ탎뛸쿂ꆱ뗄쿖쪵뺭볃컊쳢뷇뛈쟐죫뗄샭싛퇐뺿,짵훁웤훐뗄듳늿럖퇐뺿컄쿗쫂쪵짏퓚쿖뷗뛎뾴살튲뚼횻쓜맩쫴폚짏쫶뗚뛾훖샠탍뗄뺭볃톧퇐뺿ꆣ퓚듋,펦룃잿뗷뫍죏쪶쟥돾뗄튻룶컊쳢쫇,뺭볃샭싛뗄퇐뺿뫍뺭볃샭싛뗄뒴탂폫ꆰ탎뛸쿂ꆱ뗄쿖쪵뺭볃컊쳢뗄퇐뺿(짵훁쫇ꆰ놾췁뮯ꆱ뗄ꆰ탎뛸쿂ꆱ쿖쪵뺭볃컊쳢뗄퇐뺿)늢럇쫇췪좫늻쓜쿠죝뗄ꆣ뺭볃톧퇐뺿뗄샠탍뫍탔훊늢늻뷶뷶췪좫쫇평퇐뺿뗄컊쳢쯹뻶뚨뗄,룼훘튪뗄쫇좡뻶폚뺭볃톧퇐뺿뗄돉맻ꆣ죽ꆢ뿧톧뿆컊쳢떼쿲뗄뺭볃샭싛퇐뺿틔뿧톧뿆컊쳢캪떼쿲뗄뺭볃샭싛퇐뺿퇏룱뗘쮵살늻쫇튻훖뒿듢뗄믲헟풭놾쿁틥뗄뫍뒫춳뗄톧뿆틢틥짏뗄뺭볃톧퇐뺿,뛸쫇튻훖틔뺭볃톧캪훷뗄짧믡뿆톧쇬폲쓚늻춬톧뿆쿠뮥붻닦뗄뺭볃샭싛퇐뺿ꆣ틔뿧톧뿆컊쳢캪떼쿲뗄뺭볃샭싛퇐뺿펦룃뻟놸죽룶믹놾뗄쳘헷:튻쫇쯹퇐뺿뗄컊쳢틑뺭뿧돶쇋춨뎣죋쏇쯹죏쪶뗄뒫춳톧뿆틢틥짏뗄뺭볃톧쇬폲,뿧죫떽램톧ꆢ헾훎톧ꆢ짧믡톧ꆢ샺쪷톧ꆢ뷌폽ꋙ폐맘짏쫶쳡벰뗄룷훖뫪맛뺭볃샭싛,뿉닎퓄풼몲ꆤ틁쳘뢥뛻ꆢ쒬샯ꆤ쏗뛻룇쳘ꆢ뇋뗃ꆤ얦싼뇠ꆶ:탂엁뛻룱샗럲뺭볃톧듳듇뗤ꆷ,뺭볃뿆톧돶냦짧1996쓪냦ꆣꆤ117ꆤ
ꆡ톧쫵퓂뾯ꆡ.ꆡ톧뗈웤쯻짧믡뿆톧쇬폲;뛾쫇퇐뺿뿧톧뿆컊쳢쯹욾뷨뗄믹놾샭싛뫍퇐뺿릤뻟죔좻쫇뺭볃톧뗄믹놾풭샭뫍뺭볃톧뗄럖컶릤뻟;죽쫇뺭볃톧볒퓋폃뺭볃톧뗄믹놾풭샭뫍뺭볃톧뗄럖컶릤뻟퇐뺿뿧톧뿆컊쳢뗄맽돌훐,떼훂쇋뺭볃샭싛뗄뒴탂믲(뫍)탂탋붻닦톧뿆닺짺,훁짙쫇퓚퇐뺿훐뗃떽쇋뷏풭폐톧뿆뛔춬튻컊쳢퇐뺿룼폐뷢쫍뗄퇐뺿뷡싛ꆣ듓뿧톧뿆컊쳢떼쿲뗄뺭볃샭싛퇐뺿뗄랢햹샺돌살뾴,럻뫏짏쫶뿧톧뿆컊쳢떼쿲뗄뺭볃샭싛퇐뺿,뿉틔쇐돶튻뎤뒮뗄쏻떥:놴뿋뛻뗈죋뛔짧믡뗄믩틶ꆢ볒춥뗈죋샠탐캪뗄퇐뺿뫍뛔샍뚯뻍튵쫐뎡훐탔뇰뫍럴즫뗄웧쫓컊쳢퇐뺿,냑뺭볃톧퇐뺿삩헅떽쇋짧믡톧쇬폲,떼훂쇋뿆뛻싼뗈죋뛔짧믡톧믹뒡샭싛뗄훘붨;쫦뛻듄뫍놴뿋뛻뗈죋뛔폚뷌폽뫍죋솦놾컊쳢뗄퇐뺿,붫뺭볃톧퇐뺿삩헅떽뷌폽톧쇬폲,닺짺쇋죋솦놾샭싛;뿆쮹ꆢ놴뿋뛻뫍늨쮹쓉뗈죋맘폚닆닺ꆢ뫏춬ꆢ쟖좨탐캪뫍랸ퟯ탐캪벰램싉킧싊컊쳢뗄퇐뺿,붫뺭볃톧퇐뺿삩헅떽램톧쇬폲,뒴솢쇋램뫍뺭볃톧;억쮹ꆢ뢣룪뛻뫍룱샗럲뗈죋뛔폚뺭볃쪷컊쳢뗄퇐뺿,붫뺭볃톧퇐뺿삩헅떽샺쪷톧쇬폲,닺짺쇋탂뺭볃쪷톧;늼뾲쓏뫍쯾싥뿋뗈죋뛔폚릫릲톡퓱컊쳢뗄퇐뺿,붫뺭볃톧퇐뺿삩헅떽쇋헾훎톧쇬폲,붨솢쇋릫릲톡퓱샭싛;낢십뗙퇇ꆤ즭뫍믆폐맢뗈죋퓲퇐뺿쇋짧믡볛횵뫍짧믡톡퓱벰ퟔ평컊쳢,붫뺭볃톧퇐뺿췆쿲쇋뗀뗂헜톧벰싗샭톧뗄퇐뺿쇬폲ꆣ헢킩퇐뺿뚼벫듳뗘췘햹쇋뺭볃톧뗄퇐뺿쇬폲ꆣ퓚뿧톧뿆컊쳢떼쿲뗄뺭볃샭싛퇐뺿훐,램뫍뺭볃톧쫇웤훐랢햹뗃뇈뷏돉릦뗄튻쏅뺭볃톧뫍램톧톧뿆붻닦퇐뺿뗄탂탋톧뿆ꆣ듓램뫍뺭볃톧뗄톧뿆탔훊살뾴,램뫍뺭볃톧틑뺭뇈뷏쏷좷뗘뚨캻캪폃뺭볃톧퇐뺿램싉컊쳢뗄톧뿆,뻟쳥뗘쮵,쯼퓋폃뺭볃톧뗄샭싛뫍럖컶랽램퇐뺿짧믡뗄램싉훆뛈ꆢ램싉맘쾵뫍램싉맦퓲뗄킧싊;듓램뫍뺭볃톧뗄톧뿆퇐뺿랶캧살뾴,쯼뗄퇐뺿믹놾짏뢲룇쇋냼삨닆닺ꆢ뫏춬뫍쟖좨뗈램싉컊쳢퓚쓚뗄솢램뫍쮾램쪵볹믮뚯;듓램뫍뺭볃톧뗄퇐뺿랽램살뾴,쯼쫇틔뺭볃톧뗄룶죋샭탔벰랽램싛뗄룶죋훷틥ퟷ캪웤퇐뺿랽램믹뒡뗄,춬쪱틔뺭볃톧뗄킧싊ퟷ캪뫋탄뫢솿뇪ힼ,틔돉놾-쫕틦벰ퟮ듳뮯랽램ퟷ캪믹놾럖컶릤뻟,살퇐뺿램싉뗄탎돉ꆢ램싉뗄뿲볜ꆢ램싉뗄퓋ퟷ뫍램싉뗄훆뛈뛔뺭볃뫍짧믡펰쿬ꆣꋙ퓚램뫍뺭볃톧뗄샭싛뿲볜훐ꆰ,훮죧ퟮ듳뮯ꆢ뻹뫢뫍킧싊횮샠뗄뺭볃룅쓮쫇뷢쫍짧믡,폈웤쫇뷢쫍샭탔뗄죋쏇뛔램싉맦퓲뗄랴펦탐캪뗄믹놾랶돫ꆱꆣꋚ램뫍뺭볃톧뗄랢햹,늻뷶벫듳뗘펰쿬쇋램톧퇐뺿뫍램톧뷌폽,볓짮쇋죋쏇뛔램싉훆뛈뗄죏쪶,춬쪱,램뫍뺭볃톧뗄퇐뺿돉맻뛔쿜램ꆢ쏱램ꆢ탌램뗈훷튪뗄램싉쇬폲뚼틑뺭닺짺쇋훘튪뗄펰쿬ꆣ뷼쓪살,램뫍뺭볃톧뗄퇐뺿폖뷸튻늽삩햹떽뷰죚늿쏅,탎돉쇋램뫍뷰죚헢튻탂뗄퇐뺿쇬폲ꆣꋛ태뇼풪뷌쫚퓚뷢쫍뺭볃톧퓚쿲웤쯻짧믡뿆톧쇬폲뗄삩햹맽돌훐캪뫎퓚램톧쇬폲ꆰ헀럅돶ퟮ쿊쏀뗄뮨뛤ꆱ헢튻컊쳢쪱,퓄뛁쇋듳솿폐맘믘맋램뫍뺭볃톧톧뿆랢햹뗄ퟛ쫶탔퇐뺿컄쿗,랢쿖훚뛠뺭볃톧볒뗄릲춬듰낸쫇,틲캪뺭볃톧뗄퇐뺿폐ꆰ튻쳗잿폐솦뗄탐캪샭싛ꆱꆣ태뇼풪뷌쫚뷸튻늽뷢쫍뺭볃톧샭싛벰럖컶랽램퓚램톧쇬폲뗄돉릦퓋뚯,쫇평폚뺭볃톧뗄퇐뺿뫍램톧뗄퇐뺿뻟폐쒳킩릲춬뗣:튻쫇솽헟퇐뺿뗄컊쳢듳뚼쫇ꆰ솽죋볤,튻뛔튻뗄맘쾵ꆱ;뛾쫇솽헟쯹퇐뺿뗄죋볊맘쾵듳뚼쫇틗폚쏷좷뚨틥뗄ꆰ샻틦맘쾵ꆱ;죽쫇뺭볃톧훐뗄ꆰ샭탔죋ꆱ볙뚨뫍램톧훐뗄ꆰ헽뎣죋풭퓲ꆱ,솽헟듓퇐뺿뗄ꆰ믹ힼ뗣ꆱ살뾴,뻟폐쿠떱뗄튻훂ꆣꋜ쿠뇈횮쿂,퓚헾훎톧ꆢ짧믡톧뫍샺쪷톧뗈짧믡뿆톧쇬폲,쯹퇐뺿뗄컊쳢듳솿짦벰뗄쫇늻춬폚룶쳥탐캪뗄ꆰ훐닣컊쳢ꆱ,틲뛸퓬돉쇋뺭볃톧샭싛뫍퇐뺿랽램퓋폃뗄뻖쿞탔ꆣꋙ닎퓄쪷뷺뒨ꆶ:램싉뺭볃톧움쫶ꆷ,퓘ꆶ뺭볃짧믡쳥훆뇈뷏ꆷ2000쓪뗚2웚ꆣꋚ싞늮쳘ꆤ뾼쳘ꆢ췐십쮹폈싗ꆶ:램뫍뺭볃톧ꆷ,짏몣죽솪쫩뗪1991쓪훐컄냦,뗚13튳ꆣꋛ닎퓄쪷뷺뒨ꆢ쳬뫧ꆶ:램폫뷰죚뇈뷏퇐뺿샭싛움쫶ꆷ,퓘ꆶ훐맺짧믡뿆톧움싛ꆷ2003쓪뗚2뻭뗚1웚ꆣꋜ닎퓄태뇼풪ꆶ:램톧룉쟤뗗쫂?ꆪꆪꆪ램싉뺭볃톧뗄횼좤ꆷ,퓘ꆶ태뇼풪싾늽램싉ꆷ,쪱놨컄뮯돶냦릫쮾2003쓪냦,뗚20ꆪ37튳;틠뿉닎퓄Demsets,Harold,ThePrimacyofEconomics:AnExplanationofTheComparativeSuccessofEconomicsinTheSo2cialSciences,EconomicInquiry,35(1),ꆪ11,1997.ꆤ118ꆤ
ꆡ훐쟠쓪볒췸튳ꆡ뺡맜퓚뿧톧뿆컊쳢떼쿲뗄뺭볃샭싛퇐뺿퇝뮯뗄맽돌훐,뺭볃톧볒뫍웤쯻짧믡뿆톧쇬폲뗄퇐뺿헟뛔뺭볃톧뿧톧뿆붻닦퇐뺿헢튻ꆰ뺭볃톧뗛맺훷틥ꆱ쟣쿲듦퓚ퟅ쿠떱럖웧뗄맛뗣ꆣ떫쫇,뺭볃톧뗄퇐뺿듓뒫춳톧뿆틢틥짏뗄뺭볃컊쳢쿲럇뺭볃컊쳢뗄삩헅맽돌,쪵볊짏햹쿖쇋뺭볃톧뿆뗄믹놾볙뚨잰쳡ꆢ뫋탄룅쓮뫍퇐뺿랽램퓚헻룶짧믡뿆톧퇐뺿쇬폲뻞듳뗄잱솦뫍뿉쓜뗄맣랺펰쿬솦ꆣ뺭볃톧퇐뺿뗄ꆰ뗛맺훷틥쟣쿲ꆱ퓚쒳훖틢틥짏뿉틔죏캪쫇튻훖틔뺭볃톧캪믹뒡살릹붨죋샠탐캪뿆톧퇐뺿뿲볜뗄얬솦,쫇뺭볃톧볒샻폃뺭볃톧뿆뗄삩햹살듸뚯헻룶짧믡뿆톧쇬폲퇐뺿뗄횵뗃돆뗀뗄뎢쫔,뛔췆뚯짧믡뿆톧뗄뿧톧뿆붻닦퇐뺿웰떽쇋뻞듳뗄믽벫ퟷ폃ꆣ쯄ꆢ뷡쫸폯ퟛ짏쯹쫶,톧풺뺭볃톧볒ퟮ훘튪뗄릤ퟷ뻍쫇듓쫂뺭볃샭싛퇐뺿ꆣퟷ캪톧풺뺭볃톧볒,컞싛듓뫎훖샠탍뗄뺭볃샭싛퇐뺿,웤떣뢺뗄훷튪쪹쏼뻍쫇뺭볃샭싛뗄뒴탂ꆢ뺭볃럖컶릤뻟뗄뒴탂뫍뺭볃톧퇐뺿쇬폲뗄췘햹ꆣ톧풺뺭볃톧볒뗄퇐뺿튪뻟놸ힷ쟳헦샭뗄폂웸ꆢ쟚럜뿌뿠뗄틣솦뫍죌쓍볅쒯뗄뚨솦,좱랦뿆톧퇐뺿첽쯷뗄횴ퟅ뺫짱,쫇늻뿉쓜헦헽뗘퓚뺭볃뿆톧샭싛듳쿃뗄붨짨맽돌훐쳭볓췟뗄ꆣ펢맺붣쟅듳톧훸쏻뗄억놴뛻붱튡삺ꆪꆪꆪ뾨컄뗏쪲쪵퇩쫒뗄쏅짏훃럅ퟅ튻뿩춭없,짏쫩ꆰ쪥릤뫪캰,샖횮헟달횮ꆱꆣ헦헽듓쫂뺭볃샭싛퇐뺿뗄뺭볃톧볒펦룃쫇뺭볃뿆톧퇐뺿쇬폲뗄ꆰ샖횮헟ꆱ,펦룃놾ퟅꆰ쟳뗀ꆱ뗄ퟚ횼살듓쫂뺭볃샭싛퇐뺿,뛸늻쫇뷨ퟅ톧쫵퇐뺿ퟷ캪쟃쏅쒱쟳탩쏻뫍펬춷킡샻ꆣퟷ캪짧믡뿆톧퇐뺿쇬폲훐뺭볃톧볒뗄튻룶쿠뛔뛀솢뗄럖릤좺쳥,톧풺뺭볃톧볒뇘탫틔뺭볃샭싛뒴탂뫍뺭볃럖컶릤뻟뒴탂캪벺죎ꆣ떱좻,헢늻뗈폚쮵톧풺뺭볃톧볒뻍늻뇘폐잿쇒뗄짧믡뫍죋컄맘뮳ꆣ톧풺뺭볃톧볒뿉틔폃뺭볃샭싛살뷢쫍쫀뷧,튲뿉틔뫍펦떱춨맽룷훖횱뷓뫍볤뷓뗄뫏쫊춾뺶,퓋폃뺭볃샭싛살펰쿬쫀뷧뫍룄퓬쫀뷧ꆣ뿉쫇,퓚톧풺뺭볃톧볒뿧돶뺭볃샭싛퇐뺿쇬폲캪룄퓬쫀뷧쿗볆쿗닟쪱,잧췲튪볇힡뿆쮹뗄뺯룦,늻튪돉캪튻캻ꆰ뺭볃헾훎볒ꆪꆪꆪ뻍쫇짵훁퓚늻듦퓚듰낸뗄쪱뫲뻍쳡릩듰낸뗄죋ꆱꆣꋙ퓚떱뷱짧믡뿆톧퇐뺿톧럧죕틦뢡퓪뗄쓪듺,헢튻샠뗄ꆰ뺭볃헾훎볒ꆱ뮹짙싰?(퓰죎뇠벭:췵쪤잿)ꋙꆡ싞쓉뗂ꆤ뿆쮹ꆶ:웳튵ꆢ쫐뎡뫍램싉ꆷ,짏몣죽솪쫩뗪1990쓪훐컄냦,뗚138튳ꆣEconomistsandStudiesonEconomicTheoryShiJinchuanAbstract:Therearethreecategoriesofeconomists:academiceconomists,:academicissues2oriented,,:economics,economists,economictheoryresearchꆤ119ꆤ
