퓘ꆶ짧믡뿆톧싛첳ꆷꎬ2005쓪뗚11퓂웚짏냫퓂ꎨ냫퓂뾯ꎬퟜ뗚105웚ꎩꎬ2005쓪11퓂7죕돶냦ꎬ짧믡뿆톧싛첳퓓횾짧뇠벭ꎬ뫓놱쪡짧믡뿆톧뷧솪뫏믡훷냬ꎬ뗚5ꎭ27튳ꆣ볻뾯쪱폐즾뷚ꆣ ∗싛ꆰ뫏ퟷ훷틥ꆱ샭싛훐뗄뢣샻헾훆 횣뇼컄 훐맺짧믡뿆톧풺 튻ꆢꆰ뫏ퟷ훷틥ꆱ뗄룅쓮ꆢ풨풴폫뚨틥 1ꆢꆰ뫏ퟷ훷틥ꆱꎨcorporatismꎩ쫵폯뗄틫쏻 2ꆢ뫏ퟷ훷틥룅쓮뗄샺쪷풨풴뫍쓚몭 3ꆢ뫏ퟷ훷틥룅쓮뗄뚨틥벰웤퇓짬 뛾ꆢ뫏ퟷ훷틥폫쿖듺뢣샻맺볒 1ꆢ뫏ퟷ훷틥ퟷ캪뢣샻훆뛈뗄럖컶릤뻟 2ꆢ뫏ퟷ훷틥헾훆뗄샠탍 죽ꆢ뫏ퟷ훷틥폫놾훷틥 1ꆢ뫏ퟷ훷틥쫇뮺뷢놾훷틥짧믡돥춻뗄훘튪랽낸 2ꆢ뫏ퟷ훷틥폫탂놣쫘훷틥뗄뛔솢 3ꆢ뫏ퟷ훷틥뫍탂놣쫘훷틥뛔뺭볃캣믺뗄믘펦벰웤뇈뷏 4ꆢ뫏ퟷ훷틥뗄쫔퇩벰웤놾훊 쯄ꆢ90쓪듺틔살ꆰ뗚죽쳵뗀슷ꆱ탍뗄뫏ퟷ훷틥 1ꆢ20쫀볍90쓪듺얷훞뫏ퟷ훷틥뗄믘뎱 2ꆢ얷훞뫏ퟷ훷틥뗄짺쏼솦 3ꆢꆰ뗚죽쳵뗀슷ꆱ탍뗄뫏ퟷ훷틥ꎿ 컥ꆢ뛔얷훞뫏ퟷ훷틥움볛뗄헹틩 1ꆢ탂ퟔ평훷틥뛔뫏ퟷ훷틥뫍릤믡ퟷ폃뗄럱뚨 2ꆢ훐ퟳ엉솦솿캪뫏ퟷ훷틥뫍릤믡ퟷ폃뗄뇧뮤 튻ꆢꆰ뫏ퟷ훷틥ꆱ뗄룅쓮ꆢ풨풴폫뚨틥 1ꆢꆰ뫏ퟷ훷틥ꆱꎨcorporatismꎩ쫵폯뗄틫쏻 ꆰcorporatismꆱ헢룶듊퓚훐컄뗄컄쿗훐돶쿖맽탭뛠틫램ꎬ룛첨톧헟뗄틫램튲뛠폐늻춬ꎻ톧뿆뗄늻춬퓬돉쇋폯뺳짏뗄닮틬ꎬ평듋듸살쇋뛔헢룶룅쓮쓚몭뫍췢퇓짏샭뷢뗄닮틬탔ꎨ뺡맜헢킩닮틬듓놾훊짏뾴늻쫇뫜듳ꎩꆣ 맺쓚탭뛠톧헟붫횮틫캪ꆰ램췅훷틥ꆱꎬ죏캪ퟷ캪튻룶럖컶쫵폯ꎬ쯼쯆틑돉캪튻1룶튻냣뮯뗄럖컶룅쓮ꎬꆰ폃폚맛달룷훖늻춬쪱뿕뗄훆뛈쿖쿳ꆱꆣ튲폐뗄톧헟붫횮 ∗ 헢쫇캪훐컄냦[볓]Rꆤ쏗쪲삭ꆶ놾훷틥짧믡뗄뢣샻맺볒ꆷꎨ램싉돶냦짧2003쓪돶냦ꎬ횣뇼컄틫ꎩ뛸킴뗄ꆶ틫헟냏ꎺꆰ뫏ퟷ훷틥ꆱ샭싛폫쿖듺뢣샻훆뛈ꆷꆣ풭컄뷏뎤ꎬ웤훐늿럖쓚죝뫳살퓚퓓횾짏랢뇭맽ꎬ헢샯좫늿폨틔즾돽ꎻ쫜퇮폱쪥뷌쫚뗄맄샸ꎬ뇊헟붫쎻퓚뾯컯짏랢뇭맽뗄쓚죝짔볓헻샭뾯돶ꆣ헢샯폐뇘튪뷢쫍튻쿂뇊헟쪹폃뗄ꆰ헾훆ꆱ헢룶룅쓮ꆣ헢룶룅쓮뿉틔뷼쯆뗘뾴ퟷꆰ헾훎쳥훆ꆱ뗄쯵킴ꎬ떫폖늻췪좫튻퇹ꎬ헢샯뗄ꆰ헾훆ꆱ뗈폚펢컄샯뗄régimeꎬ뛸헢룶펢컄듊쪵볊살ퟔ램컄ꆣ놾컄헢샯쪹폃뗄ꆰ헾훆ꆱ훷튪쫇횸ꆰ죽랽뫏ퟷꆱ뗄훆뛈낲업뗤탍쳘헷뗄몭틥ꆣ 1
틫캪ꆰퟩ뫏훷틥ꆱꎬ죏캪ꆰ퓚ퟮ뷼쪮쓪훐ꎬퟩ뫏훷틥놻폃살쏨쫶몭룇쿠떱맣랺뗄룷2훖헾훎맘쾵폫헾훎퓋ퟷ맦퓲ꆱꆣ뮹폐튻훖뇈뷏맣랺뗄틫램ꆰ춳뫏훷틥ꆱꆣ붫횮틫캪ꆰ짧췅훷틥ꆱ뗄튲뇈뷏웕뇩ꎬ샽죧ꎬꆶ붣쟅냙뿆좫쫩ꆷ뫍ꆶ늼삳뿋캬뛻헾훎톧듊3뗤ꆷ뫍맺쓚웤쯻튻킩톧헟뗄랭틫ꆣ뇈뷏웰살ꎬ맺쓚톧헟틫캪ꆰ뫏ퟷ훷틥ꆱ뗄쯆뫵4뛠튻킩ꆣ퓚뇊헟뾴살ꎬ쯆뫵붫corporatism틫돉ꆰ뫏ퟷ훷틥ꆱ뇈뷏룼잡떱튻킩ꆣ 뿆뇈ꎨꎩ죏캪ꎬ죽랽믯냩훷틥믲뫏ퟷ훷틥펦놻ힼ좷뗄샭뷢캪샍횮볤헽퓚랢짺뗄뷗벶돥춻뗄튻늿럖믲돥춻맽돌훐뗄튻룶뷗뛎ꎬ쯼듺뇭쇋샍뚯헟뛔샍횮5볤쳘폐돥춻쓜릻쪩볓헾훎펰쿬솦뗄튻훖탎쪽ꆣ쏗쪲삭ꎨꎩ뛔헢룶뚨틥쪮럖퓞짍ꎬ쯻횱뷓붫ꆰ뫏ퟷ훷틥ꆱ폫ꆰ죽랽믯냩훷틥ꆱ뗈춬웰살ꎬ죏캪ꆰ뫏ퟷ훷틥ꆱ믹놾짏펦놻샭뷢캪ꎬ룹뻝ퟜ뗄맺볒탎쫆캪쒱쟳룷훖뺭볃뫍짧믡쒿뇪횮볤듯떽욽뫢ힴ첬뛸퓚짧믡ꎨsocietalꎩ닣쏦짏쪵탐뗄죽랽믯냩훷틥ꆣ퓚쯻뾴살ꎬ쯹캽ꆰ죽랽믯냩훷틥ꆱ뻍쫇횸헾뢮ꆢ샍릤ퟩ횯뫍맍훷ퟩ횯붨솢웰뗄ꆰ짧믡믯냩맘쾵ꆱꎬ벴ꆰ뫏ퟷ훷틥ꆱ뻍쫇ꆰ훷튪샻틦벯췅횮볤뗄훆뛈뮯뫏ퟷꆱꎨinstitutionalized cooperation among major interestsꎩꆣ퓚헢샯ꎬꆰ뫏ퟷ훷틥ꆱ놻횱뷓뾴ퟷ쫇ꆰ뫏ퟷꆱꎨcooperationꎩ뗄훆뛈뮯낲업ꆣ쏗쪲삭뮹뛠듎붫ꆰ뫏ퟷꆱꎨcooperationꎩ헢룶듊횱뷓폫ꆰ죽랽믯냩훆뛈ꆱꎨtripartite institutionsꎩ솪퓚튻웰쪹폃ꎬ틔듋살뷢6쫍ꆰ뫏ퟷ훷틥ꆱꎨcorporatismꎩ헢룶룅쓮ꆣ평듋뾴살ꎬ훁짙퓚쏗쪲삭쓇샯믲헟쮵퓚싛쫶뢣샻맺볒뗄컄쿗훐ꎬ붫corporatism틫돉ꆰ뫏ퟷ훷틥ꆱ쫇뇈뷏쳹쟐뗄ꆣ 2ꆢ뫏ퟷ훷틥룅쓮뗄샺쪷풨풴뫍쓚몭 펢맺훸쏻ퟳ엉샺쪷톧볒믴늼쮹놫쒷ꎨꎩ붫뛀닃헟죸삭닩ꎨOliveira Salazarꎩ춳훎쿂뗄웏쳑퇀ꎨ1927-1974ꎩ돆횮캪ꆰퟮ뎹뗗ퟮ뗤탍ꆱ뗄ꆰ뫏ퟷ훷틥맺7볒ꆱꆣ뻝쯻뗄퇐뺿ꎬ뫏ퟷ훷틥퓚틢쪶탎첬짏ퟮ퓧웰풴폚얷훞럢붨짧믡튻훖폒엉쫆솦ꆰퟩ횯뮯맺볒춳훆ꆱꎨorganic statismꎩꆣ헢훖틢쪶탎첬ꎬ쏥뮳뗄쫇쿫쿳훐뗄훐맅쫀볍믲럢붨짧믡뗄맅럧ꎬ쯤좻폐뷗벶ꆢ폐욶뢻ꎬ뿉쫇죋죋룷낲웤쯹ꎬ쎻폐뷗벶뚷헹ꎬ훚죋뷓쫜ퟔ벺퓚뷗벶훆뛈훐뗄뗘캻ꆣퟩ횯뮯뗄짧믡냼삨쇋쎿튻룶짧믡좺쳥믲ꆰ쳘좨뷗닣ꆱꎬ뛸헢킩좺쳥믲뷗닣ꎬ퓚짧믡짏폐웤튻뚨뗄뷇즫벰릦쓜ꎬ떫좴뫏캪튻룶벯쳥탔뗄쪵쳥듦퓚ꆣ뫏ퟷ훷틥뗄쮼쿫풨풴벴살ퟔ헢훖틢쪶탎첬ꆣ뫏ퟷ훷틥헾좨뗄웰풴벰뚯믺뚼뇈뫳웰뗄램컷쮹뎤ꎬ솽헟횮볤쯤폐ퟅ쿠떱뗄닮틬ꎬ뿉쫇좴좱랦쏷쿔뗄 1 헅뺲ꎨ1998ꎩꎺꆶ램췅훷틥ꆷꎬ훐맺짧믡뿆톧돶냦짧ꎬ뗚20튳ꆣ틫캪램췅훷틥뗄톧헟뮹폐쯯솢욽ꎨ볻ꆶ쿲쫐뎡뺭볃맽뛉맽돌훐뗄맺볒ퟔ훷탔뿉쓜ꆷꎩ, 쇖죙풶ꎨ볻ꆶ쿖듺짧믡돥춻——ퟔ평헾훎쯦룐ꆷꎬ삭ꆤ듯죊뗀럲ꎬ뗚냋헂ꎩꎬ뗈뗈ꆣ 2 [냄]낲룪ꎬ돂엥뮪ꎨ2001ꎩꎺꆶ훐맺ꆢퟩ뫏훷틥벰뚫퇇쒣쪽ꆷꎬ쪷뫌틫ꆣ퓘폚ꆶ햽싔폫맜샭ꆷꎬ뗚1웚ꎬ뗚52튳ꆣ퓙샽죧ꎬꆶ컷랽뗄뗚죽쳵뗀슷ꆷꎨ볻ꆶ훐맺뺭볃쪱놨ꆷ1998쓪10퓂9죕ꎩ튲붫횮틫캪ꆰퟩ뫏훷틥ꆱꆣ믴늼쮹놫쒷ꎺꆶ벫뛋뗄쓪듺ꆷꎬ붭쯕죋쏱돶냦짧ꎬ1999쓪ꎬ횣쏷?틫ꎬ뗚163-165튳ꆣ 3 ꆶ붣쟅냙뿆좫쫩ꆷꎨ1998ꎩꎬ훐맺폑틪돶냦릫쮾ꎬ뗚302튳ꆣꆶ늼삳뿋캬뛻헾훎톧냙뿆좫쫩ꆷꎨ1992ꎩꎬ훐맺헾램듳톧돶냦짧ꎬ뗚175튳ꆣ퓙샽죧ꎬꆶ맬맺볒1999ꎭ2000ꎺ듓뫳룯쏼뗄춣훍떽랢햹ꆷꎬퟷ헟Adrian Karatnyckyꎬ쟯럧틫ꎬ볻 4 뻝뇊헟뗄쇋뷢ꎬ맺쓚톧헟틫캪ꆰ뫏ퟷ훷틥ꆱ룼캪웕뇩튻킩ꎬ샽죧ꎬ짐쿾풮ꎨ2001ꎩꎺꆶꆰ짧믡뢣샻ꆱ폫ꆰ짧믡놣헏ꆱ뗄퓚죏쪶ꆷ퓘폚ꆶ훐맺짧믡뿆톧ꆷꎬ뗚3웚ꎬ뗚119튳ꎻꆶ릫쏱짧믡ꆢꆰ쏱훷뮯ꆱ뫍랢햹ꆷꎬퟷ헟캪룪뇚ꆤ뮳쳘ꎨ2000ꎩꎬ퓘폚ꆶ십뿋쮼훷틥폫쿖쪵ꆷꎬ뗚1웚ꎻ뾵쿾맢ꎺꆶ탍쪱웚뗄훐맺짧췅ꆷꎬ볻 5 Korpi, W. (1983) The Democratic Class Struggle, Routledge, London, pp. 20-21. 6 [볓]쏗쪲삭놾쫩ꎬ뗚죽헂훐ꆰ짧믡뫏ퟷ훷틥ꎺ훘튪뗄움볛ꆱ뗄늿럖ꆣ 뗚컥헂뗄ꆰ냂뗘샻ꆱ늿럖ꆣ헢샯ꎬ쏗쪲삭킴뗀ꎺꆰthe basic tripartite institutions of cooperation such as the Social Partnership in Austriaꆭꆭꆱꆣ 7 [쏀]믴늼쮹놫쒷ꎨ1999ꎩꎺꆶ벫뛋뗄쓪듺ꆷꎬ붭쯕죋쏱돶냦짧ꎬ횣쏷?틫ꎬ뗚163ꎭ166튳ꆣ 2
뷧쿞ꆣ쫂쪵짏ꎬ뷌춢뛔훷헅벫좨뗄쫀쯗헾좨짮뛱춴뻸ꎬ뛔램컷쮹튲랴뛔떽뗗ꆣ뿉쫇ꎬ쳬훷뷌맺볒햹쪾뗄ꆰ뫏ퟷ훷틥맺볒ꆱ탎쪽ꎨcorporate stateꎩ떽쇋틢듳샻램컷쮹뗄쪱웚ꎬ좴룼캪랢퇯맢듳ꆣ틢듳샻폐ퟅ쳬훷뷌뗄뒫춳ꎬ헢ퟔ좻쫇놻뫏ퟷ훷틥쮼쿫컼틽뗄훷튪풭틲ꆣ뛸쓇킩쪵탐뫏ퟷ훷틥뗄쳬훷뷌맺볒ꎬ폐쪱룹놾뻍놻횱뫴캪ꆰ짱횰엉램컷쮹ꆱꎨclerical fascistꎩꆣ램컷쮹엉횮쯹틔뗃쫆폚쳬훷뷌맺볒ꎬ뿉쓜횱뷓풴ퟔ헻뫏엉쳬훷뷌틥ꎨintegrist Catholicismꎩꆣ떱쓪쳬훷뷌뷌믡뛔쾣쳘샕췆뚯뗄훖ퟥ훷틥첬뛈쏁늻쏷ꎬ뛾햽뫳ꎬ뷌믡훐쒳킩룟벶짱횰죋풱퓸폨틔쓉듢췶쏼폠쓵벰룷샠램컷쮹떳춽쿠떱뗄훺ꎬ웤훐늻랦놻뿘톪탈ퟯ쏻뗄햽랸ꆣ뷌믡횮쯹틔뫍램컷쮹삭맘쾵ꎬ쫇틲캪쯼쏇뚼릲춬춴뛱18쫀볍틔살뗄웴쏉퓋뚯ꆢ램맺듳룯쏼ꎬ틔벰퓚뷌믡퇛샯평듋퇜짺뗄튻쟐믶몦ꆣ 쪩쏜쳘ꎨꎩ폫룧억쳘() 죏캪뫏ퟷ훷틥쮼쿫풨풴폚솽훖헜톧뗄ퟛ뫏ꎬ벴얷훞쳬훷뷌틥뫍쏱ퟥ훷틥ꎬ잰헟잿뗷뫍킳폫짧믡뗄춳튻ꎬ뫳헟훘쫓펦쫊펦놾쏱ퟥ컄뮯뒫춳ꎬ잿뗷룶쳥뛔쏱ퟥ샻틦뗄럾듓뫍컾짼ꎬ듓뛸쪹짧믡뷡캪튻쳥ꆣ햽뫳ꎬ헢룶쫵폯퓙듎탋웰ꎬ떫헢듎틔룼캪쿖쪵뗄벯좨뗄쏦쒿돶쿖ꎬ뫏ퟷ훷틥ꎨCorporazioniꎩ퓚틢듳샻램컷쮹훐뗃떽쇋ퟮ릫뾪뗄뇭듯ꎬ볈뛸폖캪웏쳑퇀ꆢ컷냠퇀ꆢ냍컷뫍램맺캬쾣헾뢮쯹킧램ꎬ튻킩얷훞킡맺튲폐샠쯆ퟶ램ꎻ쯹틔ꆰ퓚20쓪듺ꆢ30쓪듺뫍40쓪듺웚볤ꎬ뫏ퟷ훷틥퓚샭싛짏놻짨쿫캪램컷쮹헾좨뗄튻룶믹놾틢8쪶탎첬늿럖ꆣꆱ 퇐뺿뢣샻맺볒뗄컷랽톧헟뛔짧믡뫏ퟷ훷틥뗄샭뷢듳춬킡틬ꆣ훸쏻톧헟났쮹욽-낲뗂즭ꎨGosta Esping-Andersenꎩ퓚웤쏻훸ꆶ뢣샻놾훷틥뗄죽룶쫀뷧ꆷ훐쮵ꎺ뫏ퟷ훷틥뗄춳튻뇪ힼ쫇웕쳬횮쿂뷔캪탖뗜뗄늩낮뺫짱ꎬ벴틔짧믡뗘캻ꆢ잿훆탔업쯻탔뗄믡풱훆ꆢ뮥훺샭쓮뫍슢뛏뗄듺뇭좨캪믹뒡ꆣ뷸죫쿖듺놾훷틥ꎬ뫏ퟷ훷틥튻냣틀횰튵췅쳥뛸듦ꎬ횼퓚횧돖뒫춳죏뿉뗄짧믡뗘캻뷧쿟ꎬ늢틔횮ퟷ캪짧믡짺믮뫍뺭볃믮뚯뗄ퟩ횯얦듸ꆣ듋샠췅쳥뎣뎣쫇듓뻉뗄춬튵탐믡횱뷓퇝뇤뛸살뗄ꎬퟷ캪뮥훺폑뫃뗄벯췅ꎬ쯼쏇ퟜ쫇돶쿖폚룼뻟쳘좨뗄릤죋좺쳥훐ꎬ죧맜뗀릤죋ꆢ쒾붳릤죋ꆣ퓚웤쯻쟩뿶쿂ꎬ짧쟸뢣샻쫇퓚맺볒닎폫쿂붨솢웰살뗄ꎬ죧뿳릤뫍쮮쫖좺쳥ꎬ떱짧믡뢣샻램훆9뮯뗄늽랥퓚쪮뻅쫀볍쒩튶볓뿬쪱ꎬ뫏ퟷ훷틥쮼뎱뇣삩즢웰살ꆣ 쪩쏜쳘뫍엁쓡뿋()죏캪ꎬꆰ뫏ퟷ훷틥늻뷶뷶쫇쮽죋늿쏅횮볤뗄튻훖낲업ꎬ쯼놾훊짏쫇튻훖뗃떽맙랽돐죏뗄죽랽뫏ퟷꆣꆱ평폚뫏ퟷ훷틥듺뇭쇋튻훖맺볒뫍짧믡틲쯘뗄훘뫏ꎬ쯹틔뫜쓑좷뚨쯼쫇쫴폚맺볒뗄솦솿뮹쫇짧믡뗄솦솿ꆣ쮫랽뗄뻶뚨틲쯘횮볤뮥쿠냼죝ꎬ죎뫎튻랽뛔쇭튻랽뛸퇔뚼쫇늻뿉믲좱뗄ꆣ듓헢룶닣쏦짏붲ꎬ뫏ퟷ훷틥쫇웳튵뫍ퟩ횯웰살뗄샍뚯헟뗄듺뇭뛔맺볒헾닟첸에뫍킭짌뗄닎폫ꎬ늢쫜떽맺10볒뗄횧돖ꆣ 췾솮쒷톷ꎨꎩ뫍삼늩뛻ꎨꎩ룸폨뗄룅삨뫜볲솷ꎬ듓뻶닟뫡뗄닣쏦짏붲ꎬ뫏ퟷ훷틥잿뗷2룶뫋탄ꎬ튻쫇뫏ퟷ폫뛀솢ꎬ랴뛔돥춻ꎻ튻쫇틔 8 [쏀] .쪩쏜쳘 .룧억쳘ꎨ1998ꎩꎺꆶ램맺훷틥뗄쏼퓋ꎺ맽좥ꆢ쿖퓚뫍붫살ꆷꎬ틽ퟔ헅뺲ꎺꆶ램췅훷틥ꆷꎬ훐맺짧믡뿆톧돶냦짧ꎬ뗚181튳ꎻ싞쓇뗂ꆤH.웦뛻뿆쳘ꎨ2001ꎩꎺꆶ뇈뷏헾훎뺭볃톧샭싛ꆷꎬ짧믡뿆톧컄쿗돶냦짧ꎬ뗚178튳ꆣ 9 Gosta Esping-Andersen,( 1990), The Three Worlds of Welfare Capitalism, Polity Press, . 10 Schimitter, P C.(1985), Neo-corporatism and the State, in The Political Economy of Corporatism, in The Political Economy of Corporatism, edited by Wyn Grant. London: Macmillan, pp. 35-37. Panitch, Fred C.(1980), Recent Theorizing of Corporatism: Reflections on a Growth Industry, British Journal of Sociology, 31: p. 173. 3
11맺볒캪믹뒡뗄뛔샍뚯뫍짌튵ퟩ횯돉풱뗄뫏램슢뛏ꆣ뫏ퟷ훷틥뗄쿖듺폃램컞틉춻돶쇋뷩폚맺볒뫍릫쏱짧믡횮볤뗄샻틦벯췅뗄ퟷ폃ꎬ샽죧ꎬꆶ늼삳뿋캬뛻헾훎톧냙뿆좫쫩ꆷ룸돶뗄쿖듺뫏ퟷ훷틥뚨틥쫇ꎺꆰ뫏ퟷ훷틥쫇튻훖쳘쫢뗄짧믡헾훎맽돌ꎬ퓚헢룶맽돌훐ꎬ쫽솿폐쿞뗄ꆢ듺뇭훖훖훇쓜샻틦뗄슢뛏ퟩ횯폫맺볒믺릹뻍릫릲헾닟뗄닺돶뷸탐쳖볛뮹볛ꆣ캪뮻좡폐샻뗄헾닟ꎬ샻틦ퟩ횯뗄쇬떼죋펦퓊춨맽쳡릩웤돉풱뗄뫏ퟷ12살쪵쪩헾닟ꆱꆣ1992쓪돶냦뗄ꆶ붣쟅냙뿆좫쫩ꆷ뛔헢튻듇쳵룸돶뗄뚨틥쫇ꎺꆰ뻶뚨뫍쪵쪩뺭볃뫍짧믡헾닟뗄좨솦평훆퓬짌벯췅릲춬쿭폐믲엉듺뇭닎볓뗄낲업랽쪽ꆣ짧췅뗄돉풱뇘탫ퟱ쫘맺볒맦뚨뗄룷쿮풭퓲ꎬ쯻쏇죧맻ퟶ늻떽헢튻뗣ꎬ짧췅뗄뻶닟뫍13듺뇭좨뇣맩폚컞킧ꆱꆣ쪩쏜쳘죏캪ꎬ뛔폚뫏ퟷ훷틥룅쓮뗄샭뷢듦퓚튻룶쳘쫢뗄볛횵좡쿲컊쳢ꎬ벴헢킩뚨틥쫇럱ꎨ1ꎩ쓜릻닻쏷튻룶짧믡룼맣룼짮뗄몭틥ꆣꎨ2ꎩ뛔뚨틥뗄맩쓉쏨쫶늻쓜쫇뿕랺뗄ꎬ뛸쫇쓜릻쳡릩튻룶쟥컺뗄ꎬ틔쪵볊뺭퇩캪틀뻝뗄뇪ힼꎬ듓뛸에뛏튻룶짧믡쫇럱럻뫏헢룶뚨틥ꆣ쯻퓚1974쓪뗄튻욪훸쏻싛컄ꆶ뮹쫇뫏ퟷ훷틥뗄쫀볍싰ꎿꆷ훐룸돶뗄뚨틥쫇ꎬ뫏ퟷ훷틥쫇ꆰ튻훖샻틦듺뇭훆뛈ꎬ쯼평짙쫽뻟폐ힿ풽닅쓜뗄ꎬ쓜릻뷸탐틥컱럾컱뫍폫쫀컞헹뗄죋쯹ퟩ돉ꎬ폐ퟅ뗈벶닮뇰뫍횰쓜닮틬ꎬ늢쟒뗃떽맺볒돐죏믲탭뿉ꎬ춬쪱맺볒퓊탭쯼쏇퓚룷ퟔ뗄쇬폲훐쿭쫜튻뚨뗄슢14뛏좨샻ꎬ뛸헢킩ퟩ횯춨맽톡뻙틔벰쳡돶튪쟳뫍룸폨횧돖ퟷ캪믘놨ꆣꆱ엁뛻ꎨPahl,.ꎩ뫍컂뿋샕ꎨWinkler,ꎩ냑뫏ퟷ훷틥뷧뚨캪ꆰ맺볒횸떼뫍뿘훆쮽폐웳15튵ퟟ쿲췅뷡ꆢ훈탲ꆢ쏱ퟥ훷틥뫍돉릦쯄듳쒿뇪뗄튻훖뺭볃쳥쾵ꆣꆱ 뷼쪮벸쓪살퓚컷랽퇐뺿뢣샻맺볒뗄컄쿗훐ꎬꆰ뫏ퟷ훷틥ꆱ헢튻쫵폯뗄쪹폃욵싊풽살풽룟ꎬ뫏ퟷ훷틥샭싛틑훰붥놻폐킩톧헟죏캪쫇ꆰ헾훎뺭볃톧ꆱ샭싛훐훆뛈훷틥16뗄튻룶럖횧ꆣ쯻쏇죏캪ꎬ뺭볃ꆢ짧믡ꆢ헾훎탐캪늻쓜뷶뷶룹뻝룶쳥돉풱뗄톡퓱뫍욫뫃살샭뷢ꎬ튲늻쓜뷶뷶룹뻝릫릲믺릹뗄쾰맟뫍횸쇮살샭뷢ꎻ헢쫇틲캪퓚맺볒뫍쫐뎡횮볤뗄쒳룶뗘듸듦퓚ퟅ탭뛠ퟔ컒ퟩ횯뗄ꆢ냫릫릲탔훊뗄췅쳥ꎬ뛸룶쳥뫍릫쮾뚼믲뛠믲짙뗘틀삵헢킩췅쳥살좷뚨뇋듋뗄풤웚ꎬ늢뻝듋캪뇋듋횮볤뗄뺭뎣돥춻쳡릩쪵볊뗄뷢뻶랽낸ꆣ 평폚햽뫳틔살ꆰ뫏ퟷ훷틥쟄좻탋웰ꎨcreeping corporatismꎩꆱꎬ짧믡뺭볃뷡릹훐뫏ퟷ훷틥틲쯘뻟폐짏짽뗄쟷쫆늢죕틦랢믓훘튪뗄ퟷ폃ꎬ붫웤ퟷ캪훆뛈훷틥헾훎뺭볃톧살퇐뺿짧믡뺭볃쳥훆뗄톧헟풽살풽뛠ꆣ샽죧ꎬ뿋샍웦ꎨColin Crouchꎩ뫍뛠뛻ꎨRonald Doreꎩ죏캪ꎬ뫏ퟷ훷틥쫇튻훖훆뛈낲업ꎬ헢훖ꆰ뫏ퟷ훷틥낲업ꆱ쫇ꆰ튻훖훆뛈뮯쇋뗄쒣쪽ꎬ쯼냼삨헾뢮믺릹뫍룶죋샻틦좺쳥ꎨ냼삨쓇킩ꆰ샭쿫샻틦ꆱꎩ횮볤믲쏷좷믲몭탮뗄웵풼ꆣ퓚웵풼훐ꎬ헢킩좺쳥믱뗃튻뚨뗄뒫춳샻틦믲쳘뇰샻틦ꎬ춬쪱쯼쏇튪ퟶ뗄퓲쫇샻틦뗄듺뇭헟놣횤쯼쏇돉풱뗄탐캪늻펰쿬릫훚뗄샻틦ꆣꆱ평듋뾴살ꎬ뫏ퟷ훷틥쳘뚨뗄릹돉튪쯘펦룃폐ꎺ1.웵풼뗄샭쓮ꎻ 2. 뻟폐ퟅ쏷쿔닮뇰뗄좺쳥샻틦뫍룼캪맣랺뗄릫훚샻틦뗄샭쓮ꎻ 3.좺쳥돉풱ퟱ쫘볍싉뗄샭쓮ꆣ튲뻍쫇쮵벯쳥샻틦 11 Williamson, ., Pampel, F. C.(1993), Old-Age Security in Comparative Perspective, Oxford University Press, p. 17. 12 듷캬ꆤ쏗샕ꎬ뢥얩ꆤ늨룱떤억뇠ꎨ1992ꎩꎺꆶ늼삳뿋캬뛻헾훎톧냙뿆좫쫩ꆷꎬ훐맺헾램듳톧돶냦짧ꎬ175튳ꆣ 13 ꆶ붣쟅냙뿆좫쫩ꆷꎨ1998ꎩꎬ훐맺폑틪돶냦릫쮾ꎬ뗚302튳ꆣ 14 Schmitter, P.(1974), Still the Century of Corporatism? Review of Politics, 36/1:85-131. 15 틽ퟔ싞쓇뗂ꆤH.웦뛻뿆쳘ꎨ2001ꎩꎺꆶ뇈뷏헾훎뺭볃톧샭싛ꆷꎬ짧믡뿆톧컄쿗돶냦짧ꎬ뗚179튳ꆣ 16 [쏀] .쪩쏜쳘뫍 .룧억쳘ꎨ1998ꎩꎺꆶ램췅훷틥뗄쏼퓋ꎺ맽좥ꆢ쿖퓚뫍붫살ꆷꎬ틽ퟔ헅뺲ꎺꆶ램췅훷틥ꆷꎬ훐맺짧믡뿆톧돶냦짧ꎬ뗚181튳ꆢ168튳ꆣ 4
탨튪튻훖풼쫸믺훆ꎬ탨튪폃볍싉살뷸탐놣헏ꆣ뛸룶죋쫕틦풤웚퓲늻믡닺짺헢킩튪쟳ꆣ폚쫇ꎬ튻킩톧헟뇣붫뫏ퟷ훷틥웵풼뾴돉ꆰ쫇뛔쫐뎡쪧쇩뗄튻훖랴펦ꎻ평폚룷훖룷퇹뗄틲쯘ꎬ쫐뎡쪧쇩뇤뗃풽살풽웕뇩ꆣ웤듎ꎬ쯼쏇튲놻뾴ퟷ쫇뛔헾뢮쪧쇩뗄튻훖17랴펦ꎬ벴튻훖볓잿헾훎좨췾뗄랽쪽ꎬ틲캪좨췾뗄쿂붵쯆뫵튲퓚돊짏짽쟷쫆ꆣꆱ쪵볊짏ꎬ뫏ퟷ훷틥뗄짧믡웵풼ퟷ캪튻훖뿉탐뗄쳦듺랽쪽틑놻뾴ퟷ쫇ꎨ1ꎩ뛔쫐뎡ퟔ짭뷸탐톡퓱뗄쳦듺컯ꎻꎨ2ꎩ헾뢮쒳킩뒫춳뻶닟믺릹ꎨ솢램ꆢ탐헾ꆢ믲짳에믺릹ꎩ뗄쳦듺컯ꆣ 3ꆢ뫏ퟷ훷틥룅쓮뗄뚨틥벰웤퇓짬 듓뫆죧퇌몣뗄퇐뺿뢣샻맺볒뗄컄쿗훐죋쏇뿉틔랢쿖ꎬ톧뷧뛔뢣샻맺볒뗄퇐뺿뾼달웄쪹죋룐떽ꆰ횻횪풴ퟔ뫎뒦ꎬ늻횪ퟟ쿲뫎랽ꆱꎬ벴뛔웤웰풴짺돉뗄퇐뺿풶풶튪뇈뫳헟짮뿌뗃뛠ꆣꆰ뢣샻맺볒풴폚ퟔ평뗄뫏ퟷ훷틥ꆱꆪꆪ헢쫇컷랽톧뷧뛔뢣샻맺볒웰18풴퇐뺿쯹돖뗄훷튪맛뗣횮튻ꆣ뢣샻맺볒횮쯹틔놻죏캪ꆰ풴폚ꆱ뫏ퟷ훷틥ꎬ퓚쯻쏇뾴살ꎬ쫇틲캪뫳헟뗄뺫쯨퓚폚ꆰ췗킭ꆱ폫ꆰ릲쪶ꆱꎨcompromise and consensusꎩꎺ놾훷틥뗄듳짺닺뇘좻떼훂놾벯훐ꎬ뛸놾벯훐뇘좻듙뷸샍릤췅뷡웰살ꎬ헢쪱ꎬ19헾뢮ꆢ샍릤뫍맍훷죽랽믲쫇듯돉췗킭폫릲쪶ꎬ릲춬뻶닟폫맜샭맺볒ꎬ믲쫇쿠랴ꆣ 헽쫇듓헢룶틢틥짏붲ꎬ퓚싛쫶뫏ퟷ훷틥폫뢣샻맺볒뗄맘쾵쪱ꎬ룟럲횸돶ꎬ붨솢웰뢣샻맺볒믹쪯뗄1942쓪놴뢥샯웦놨룦놾짭뻍쫇ꆰ뫏ퟷ훷틥쪽뗄뫏ퟷ뷗뛎뗄닺컯ꆱꎬ뻟쳥뇭쿖뻍쫇몭룇ꆰ짧믡릤ꆱꎨsocial wageꎩ뗈튻쾵쇐쓚죝뗄ꆰ짧믡웵풼ꆱꎨsocial contractꎩꎬ샽죧ꎬ펢맺1974쓪ꆢ1976쓪뗄짧믡웵풼ꎬ얲췾1976쓪뗄짧믡웵풼ꎬ죰뗤1974쓪ꆢ1975-76쓪뗄짧믡웵풼ꎬ뗈뗈ꆣ짧믡웵풼뗄훷튪쓚죝캪짧믡릤ꆣ룟럲죏캪ꎬ횻튪짧믡릤퓚ퟜ샍뚯돉놾훐뛸늻쫇퓚ꆰ샻죳ꆱ훐ꆰ돯벯ꆱꎬ쓇쎴뢣샻횧돶퓶볓뗄뇪ힼ뻍늻믡럁낭짧믡놾뗄믽샛ꎬ틲듋ꎬꆰ짧믡웵풼뿉ퟷ캪듯돉헢룶쒿뗄뗄튻룶릤뻟ꆭꆭ뻍뺭볃짏살쮵ꆣ짧믡헾닟믡죕틦맊틢뗘돉캪헻쳥뺭볃헾닟뗄튻룶뢽쫴뗄늿럖ꆣ뻍헾훎짏뛸퇔ꎬ뢣샻맺볒붫랴펳늢삩듳톹솦ꎬ쪹샍릤퓋뚯뷸튻늽헻뫏떽쿈뷸놾훷틥짧믡뗄맺볒뷡릹훐ꆭꆭ뢣샻맺볒퓲쫇뫏ퟷ훷틥맺볒뗄잰20헗ꆱꆣ쏗쪲삭퓚뛔냄듳샻퇇1983쓪잩쫰뗄뗚튻룶ꆰ짧믡웵풼ꆱ뷸탐퇐뺿횮뫳ꎬ뛔짧믡웵풼ퟶ돶뗄뚨틥쫇ꎺ놾훊짏붲볈쫇튻훖헻뫏뗄랽램ꎬ룼쫇튻훖탎쪽ꆪꆪ벴뢣샻놾훷틥맜샭믬뫏뺭볃뗄튻훖훆뛈낲업ꆣ헢훖훆뛈낲업뻟폐냑뺭볃랢햹폫짧믡릫21헽쿠뮥볦죝뗄쓜솦ꆣ 쯦ퟅ훆뛈뗄뇤잨뫍짧믡뗄랢햹ꎬꆰ뫏ퟷ훷틥ꆱ룅쓮뗄뚨틥뫍쓚몭랢짺쇋죧듋뷏듳뗄뇤뮯ꎺ쯼퓸폫쳬훷뷌솪쾵퓚튻웰ꎬ뛾햽훐폖폫램컷쮹폐좾ꎬ쪹죋쏇뛔웤틢쪶탎첬뗄풨풴퓙튻듎폫뛀닃춳훎솪쾵퓚튻웰ꎻ뛾햽틔뫳ꎬ쿖듺뢣샻맺볒뗄떮짺폫랢햹쪹뫏ퟷ훷틥룅쓮뗄몬틥뾪쪼랢짺뻞듳뇤뮯ꎬ퓚톧뷧훰붥폃폚뢣샻훆뛈쒣쪽뗄럖컶폫쏨 17 Colin Crouch and Ronald Dore, (1990), Whatever Happened to Corporatism? In Colin Crouch and Ronald Dore eds. Corporatism and Accountability: Organized Interest in British Public Life. Oxford, Clarendon Press, , 6. 18 풭컄캪“The welfare state was rooted in a liberal corporatism”. 쟫볻Arthar Gould, (1993), Capitalist Welfare System: A Comparison of Japan, Britain & Sweden, Longman Group UK Limited, P. 245. 19 맘폚헢랽쏦뗄퇐뺿뫜뛠ꎬ쟫닎볻죧쿂컄쿗ꎺ Lash, S and Urry, J. (1987), The End of Organised Capitalism, Policy Press, Cambridge, P. 309. Pierson, C.(1991), Beyond the Welfare State, Polity Press, Cambridge, P. 3-4. Gould, A.(1993), Capitalist Welfare System: A Comparison of Japan, Britain & Sweden. Longmen Group UK Limited, PP. 243-245. 20 Ian Goughꎨ1995ꎩ: ꆶ뢣샻맺볒뗄헾훎뺭볃톧ꆷꎬ뻞쇷춼쫩릫쮾ꎬ뗚211ꎭ212튳ꆣ 21 [볓]쏗쪲삭놾쫩ꎬ뗚쯄헂뗄ꆰ냄듳샻퇇ꆱ늿럖ꆣ 5
쫶ꎬ쪹웤쓚몭뗃틔훘탂뷢쫍뫍뷧뚨ꎻ70쓪듺컷랽웕뇩쿝죫캣믺ꎬ헢룶룅쓮퓙뛈틽웰톧뷧뗄웕뇩맘힢폫쪹폃ꎬ웤퇐뺿뗄쓚죝뗃떽뿕잰뗄돤쪵뫍돉쫬웰살ꎻ90쓪듺ꆰ뗚죽쳵뗀슷ꆱ쪢탐폚컷랽훷튪맺볒ꎬ좫쟲뮯샋뎱캪뫏ퟷ훷틥훆뛈듸살쇋쳴햽ꎬ헢룶룅쓮폖뾪쪼욵욵돶쿖퓚퇐뺿헟뗄뇊쿂ꎬ돉캪짮죫럖컶퇐뺿뢣샻훆뛈뗄튻룶훘튪릤뻟ꆣ ퟝ맛짏쫶햽뫳냫룶쫀볍틔살헢룶룅쓮뗄퇝뇤샺쪷ꎬ컒쏇뿉틔붫웤믹놾쳘헷ퟶ돶죧쿂뷧뚨ꎺꎨ1ꎩꎬ뫏ퟷ훷틥뢣샻훆뛈틔죽랽믯냩뫏ퟷ캪훷튪쓚죝ꎬ쪹횮돉캪뮺뫍뷗벶쎬뛜폫짧믡돥춻ꆢ훆뫢샻틦벯췅ꆢ캬돖짧믡컈뚨뗄튻룶뇘좻뗄짧믡샺쪷뷗뛎ꎻꎨ2ꎩꎬ죽랽믯냩훐뗄맍풱ퟩ횯쫇짧믡헾훎맽돌훐뻟폐쿠뛔뛀솢램싉뗘캻ꆢ틔뗞뷡짧믡웵풼캪짧믡쒿뗄ꆢ뻟폐릫릲탔훊뗄릦쓜탔짧믡ퟩ횯ꎻꎨ3ꎩꎬ퓚헢룶뻟폐냑뺭볃랢햹폫짧믡릫헽쿠뮥볦죝뗄쓜솦뗄훆뛈낲업훐ꎬ맍풱ퟩ횯뇘탫쫇평맺볒릫릲좨솦믺맘죏뿉ꆢ퓚램싉뿲볜쓚뻟폐뫏램듺뇭탔뫍슢뛏탔뗄램죋ퟩ횯ꆣ 뛾ꆢ뫏ퟷ훷틥폫쿖듺뢣샻맺볒 1ꆢ뫏ퟷ훷틥ퟷ캪뢣샻훆뛈뗄럖컶릤뻟 컷랽쿖듺뢣샻맺볒ퟔ햽뫳떮짺틔살뺭샺맽믔믍ꎬ튲뺭샺맽닗즣ꆣ뛔폚웤냫룶뛠쫀볍뗄퓝뛌샺쪷ꎬ톧헟쏇붫웤랢햹샺돌뮮럖쇋탭뛠뷗뛎ꆣ샽죧ꎬ쏗쪲삭뻍냑쯼뮮럖캪죽룶뷗뛎ꎺꆰ잰캣믺뷗뛎ꆱꎨ1973쓪잰ꎩꎬꆰ캣믺뷗뛎ꆱꎨ70쓪듺훐웚뫍뫳22웚ꎩꎬꆰ뫳캣믺뷗뛎ꆱꎨ1980쓪틔뫳ꎩꆣꆰ잰캣믺뷗뛎ꆱ쫴폚뇪ힼ뗄뾭뛷쮹ꆪ놴뢥샯웦랶쪽ꎻꆰ캣믺뷗뛎ꆱ훐뾭뛷쮹훷틥쫜떽웕뇩훊틉ꎬ탂놣쫘훷틥뾪쪼돶쿖ꎻꆰ뫳캣믺뷗뛎ꆱ탂놣쫘훷틥뾪쪼듳탐웤뗀ꆣ뇊헟죏캪ꎬ햽뫳훁뷱뗄냫룶뛠쫀볍샯ꎬ컷랽뢣샻맺볒뗄랢햹뿉틔럖캪5룶뷗뛎ꎬ벸뫵쎿10쓪캪튻룶훜웚뛸랢짺ퟅ뇤뮯ꎬ샽죧ꎬ컥쪮쓪듺쫇돵뒴쪱웚ꎬ틔펢맺캪쫗쿈탻늼붨돉뢣샻맺볒뾪쪼ꎬ뗂ꆢ램ꆢ죕ꆢ볓쓃듳뫍놱얷뗈맺볒럗럗뾪쪼킧램ꎻ쇹쪮쓪듺캪믆뷰쪱웚ꎬ훷튪얷훞뢣샻맺볒랢햹훁뚦쪢ꎬ쿠맘뗄훆뛈램맦붨짨쿠뛔췪짆웰살ꎻ웟쪮쓪듺캪ꆰ캣믺쪱웚ꆱꎬ웤뇪횾쫇1973쓪뗄쪯폍캣믺ꎬ뾭뛷쮹훷틥ꆪ놴뢥샯웦쒣쪽뫍뢣샻맺볒뗄쿖쪵폶떽잰쯹캴폐뗄탅죎캣믺뫍뺭볃캣믺ꎻ냋쪮쓪듺쫇ꆰ쓦쪱웚ꆱ믲ꆰ룄룯쪱웚ꆱꎬ웤뇪횾캪1979쓪펢맺죶쟐뛻럲죋짏첨뫍1981쓪쏀맺샯룹떱톡ꎬ탂놣쫘훷틥뺭볃뫍짧믡헾닟좡뛸듺횮ꎬ퓚튻킩훷튪랢듯맺볒쿆웰쇋뢣샻룄룯뫍쿷복뢣샻쿮쒿뗄샋뎱ꎻ뻅쪮쓪듺뿉틔돆횮캪ꆰ뗷헻쪱웚ꆱꎬ웤쳘헷뇭쿖캪훷튪컷랽랢듯맺볒뾪쪼뛔탂놣쫘훷틥뫍짧믡쏱훷훷틥솽훖쮼뎱뗄엺움ꎬꆰ뗚죽쳵뗀슷ꆱ펦퓋뛸짺늢뾪쪼쫜떽쟠ꆣ 톧뷧뿉쓜뛔햽뫳냫룶쫀볍틔살뢣샻맺볒뗄랢햹샺쪷ퟶ돶늻춬뗄뷗뛎뮮럖ꎬ쯻쏇볻죊볻훇ꎬ떫쫇ꎬ1973쓪쪯폍캣믺뗄놬랢쯹떼훂뗄쿖듺뢣샻맺볒뗄캣믺붫쫇튻룶럖쮮쇫ꎬ쯼틽웰톧뷧뛔뢣샻맺볒쿖쿳뫍쿖듺뢣샻훆뛈뾪쪼뷸죫샤뺲럖컶ꆢ훘탂짳쫓뫍죈쇒쳖싛뗄탂뷗뛎ꆣ20쫀볍뫳1/4쫀볍컷랽컄쿗훐퇐뺿뢣샻맺볒뗄컄쿗뿉캽몹얣돤뚰ꎬ듓ퟝ쿲짏붲ꎬ퓚뛔ꆰ1973캣믺ꆱ횮잰뫍횮뫳뗄럖컶뇈뷏랽쏦쪹폃쇋탭뛠럖컶랽램ꎬ듓뫡쿲짏뾴ꎬ뛔떱뷱뢣샻맺볒뗄쒣쪽럖샠튲쇮죋퇛뮨싒ꆣ떫쫇ꎬ횵뗃힢틢뗄쫇ꎬ탭뛠컷랽톧헟퓚럖컶랽램뫍퇐뺿쫖뛎짏ꎬ늻맜쫇ퟝ쿲뮹쫇뫡쿲짏뾴ꎬꆰ뫏ퟷ훷틥ꆱퟷ캪튻훖럖컶뇈뷏쿖듺뢣샻훆뛈뗄릤뻟ꎬ틑뺭풽살풽욵랱뗘돶쿖퓚톧헟뗄 22 [볓]쏗쪲삭놾쫩뗚1튳ꆣ 6
뇊쿂뫍뺭뗤훸ퟷ횮훐ꎬ짵훁ꎬ쯼틑돉캪퇐뺿쿖듺뢣샻훆뛈뫍짧믡놣헏훆뛈컊쳢뗄훷튪럖컶릤뻟횮튻ꆣ샽죧ꎬ룟럲뷌쫚ꎨꎩ훷헅ꎬ쿖듺뢣샻훆뛈듳쳥짏뿉틔럖캪솽샠ꎬ폈웤73쓪틔뫳뢣샻맺볒뗄훘ퟩꆰ쫇틀뻝ퟅ솽훖탎쪽ꆪꆪ탂ퟔ평훷틥뗄탎쪽폫뫏ퟷ훷틥뗄탎쪽ꎬꆭꆭ컒틑뾴떽펢맺ꆢ쏀맺뫍탂컷삼헽죈쇒ힷ쟳탂ퟔ평훷틥뗄23춾뺶ꆭꆭ뫏ퟷ훷틥뗄춾뺶퓲퓚놱얷헻룶뗘놣듦쿂살ꆭꆭꆱꆣ났쮹욽-낲뗂즭퓚웤쏻훸ꆶ뢣샻놾훷틥뗄죽룶쫀뷧ꆷ훐퓚붫컷랽쫀뷧뢣샻훆뛈럖캪낻룱슳—죶뿋톷쒣쪽ꎨAnglo-Saxon ꎩꆢ얷훞듳슽뒫춳쒣쪽ꎨContinental European Traditionꎩ뫍ꆰ짧믡쏱훷ꆱ 쒣쪽ꎨsocial democraticꎩ뗈죽훖늻춬훆뛈쒣쪽ꎬ늢퓋폃샍뚯솦뫍뢣샻쿮쒿뗄ꆰ럇짌욷뮯ꆱퟷ캪럖컶릤뻟럖뇰뛔헢죽훖쒣쪽훐뗄뫏ퟷ훷틥틲쯘뷸탐뾼달ꎬ룹뻝웤뛠맑돌뛈폖붫뢣샻훆뛈뮮럖캪ꆰ뫏ퟷ훷틥ꆱ폫ꆰ벫뛋맺볒훷틥ꆱ퓋탐믺훆췪좫늻춬뗄솽훖샠탍맺볒ꆣ뗚튻훖쒣쪽퓚웤웰풴벰퇝뇤훐뻟폐뫜듳뗄ퟔ평훷틥쳘뗣ꎬ릫릲뢣샻뗄퓰죎랶캧뷏햭—훷튪쫇헫뛔쟮죋ꎬ쮽죋쫐뎡뷢뻶냬램뗄뇈훘뷏듳ꆣ뗚뛾훖쒣쪽뗄잰쳡쫇뻍튵뫍릱쿗쿠맘솪뗄릫릲짧믡놣쿕볆뮮ꎬ쯼뻟폐쿠떱듳돌뛈짏뗄ꆰ볒춥뮯ꆱ쳘뗣ꎬ볒춥돉풱뗄뢣샻쮮욽뫜듳돌뛈짏좡뻶폚쓐탔샍뚯솦뗄짧믡좨샻ꎨsocial entitlementsꎩ벰볒춥돉풱ꎨ뢾얮ꎩ헕쇏뛹춯뫍샏죋뗄돌뛈ꆣ뗚죽훖ꆰ짧믡쏱훷ꆱ쒣쪽훷튪쫇횸쮹뾰뗄쓉캬퇇훆뛈ꎬ웤잰쳡쫇웕뇩탔뫍욽뻹탔뗄룸뢶풭퓲ꎬ볈폫쳘쫢탨쟳컞맘폖폫뻍튵볇슼컞맘ꎬ뛸횻폫릫쏱룱폐맘ꆣ헢훖ꆰ짧믡쏱훷ꆱ쒣쪽놻죏캪쫇뗤탍뗄뫏ퟷ훷틥헾훆ꎻ죧춬웤쯻탭뛠얷훞톧헟폈웤쫇놱얷톧헟쓇퇹ꎬ났쮹욽-낲뗂즭뻟폐잿쇒뗄쟗뫏ퟷ훷틥쟣쿲ꎬ쯻죏캪ꎬ쯤좻쯼튲폐헢퇹쓇퇹뗄컊쳢ꎬ떫웹뷱캪횹ꎬ퓚헽뎣뗄쟩뿶쿂ꎨ쪧튵싊뷏뗍ꎬ쎻폐랢짺뺭볃캣믺ꎩꎬ헢훖쒣쪽죔좻쫇뿉탐뗄24ꆣ 쏗쪲삭퓚놾쫩훐춨욪붫뢣샻훆뛈럖캪ꆰ뫏ퟷ훷틥ꆱ뫍ꆰ탂놣쫘훷틥ꆱ솽룶샠탍ꎬ짵훁퓚웤1999쓪돶냦뗄ꆶ좫쟲뮯폫뢣샻맺볒ꆷ훐돆ꎬ퓚70쓪듺쒩죋쏇쏦쇙ퟅ솽훖톡퓱ꎺ튻쫇럮탐믵뇒훷틥뗄쪧튵헾닟ꎬ튻쫇닉좡ꆰ탂뫏ퟷ훷틥ꆱ뗄돤럖뻍튵헾25닟ꆣ쏗쪲삭뮹죏캪ꎬꆰ70쓪듺뗄뺭볃쮥췋뫍춨믵엲헍쿠떱듳뗘쿷죵쇋뾭뛷쮹훷틥뢣샻맺볒뗄뿉탅뛈ꆣ뛔뻉쒣쪽뗄탅탄캣믺ꎬ튻랽쏦떼훂쇋탂놣쫘훷틥헾훆뗄돶쿖ꎬ쇭튻랽쏦떼훂쇋짧믡뫏ퟷ훷틥헾훆ꆪꆪퟷ캪뛔뾭뛷쮹훷틥뢣샻맺볒뗄쳦듺ꆪꆪ뗄26웰ꆱꆣ ퟜ횮ꎬ퓚컷랽튻킩톧헟쓇샯ꎬꆰ뫏ퟷ훷틥ꆱ헢룶쫵폯틑뺭돉캪쏨쫶뫍럖컶떱듺컷랽뢣샻훆뛈쒣쪽뗄튻훖릤뻟ꎨ폫듋쿠뛔펦뗄뇣쫇탂놣쫘훷틥믲돆탂ퟔ평훷틥ꎬ짵27믲믵뇒훷틥뗈뗈ꎩꎬ짵훁폐뗄톧헟죏캪뢣샻맺볒틑뺭뇤돉뫏ퟷ훷틥뗄튻훖쳥쿖ꎻ폈웤쫇1973쓪뺭볃캣믺틔뫳ꎬ쪱듺뢳폨ꆰ뫏ퟷ훷틥ꆱ헢룶쫵폯뗄쿖듺틢틥틑뺭훰붥뗘쪹횮폫20쫀볍짏냫튶뗄쳘뚨샺쪷몬틥풽살풽풶ꆣ헢룶쫵폯헽풽살풽뛠뗄돶쿖퓚퇐뺿짧믡뢣샻쳥훆뗄컄쿗횮훐ꆣ 2ꆢ뫏ퟷ훷틥헾훆뗄샠탍 뻍뫏ퟷ훷틥놾짭살쮵ꎬ튻킩톧헟붫쯼쏇럖캪뛠훖샠탍ꆣ샽죧ꎬ췾솮쒷즭붫횮럖 23 Ian Goughꎨ1995ꎩ: ꆶ뢣샻맺볒뗄헾훎뺭볃톧ꆷꎬ뻞쇷춼쫩릫쮾ꎬ뗚X튳ꆣ 24 Gosta Esping-Andersen, (1990), The Three Worlds of Welfare Capitalism, Polity Press, pp. 70-73, P. 124-125, p. 26-27. 25 Mishra R. (1999), Globalization and the Welfare State, Edward Elgar, P. 20. 26 [볓] 쏗쪲삭놾쫩ꎬ뗚컥헂ꎬ볻ꆰퟜ뷡폫뷡싛ꆱꆣ 27 [펢] 풼몲 ꆤ믹뛷ꎨ1999ꎩꎺꆶ릫릲짺믮폫췭웚놾훷틥ꆷꎬ짧믡뿆톧컄쿗돶냦짧ꎬ뗚14튳ꆣ 7
캪ꆰ쏱훷탍뫏ퟷ훷틥ꆱ뫍ꆰ훆탍뫏ퟷ훷틥ꆱꆣ쯹캽쏱훷탍뫏ퟷ훷틥쫇틔냄듳샻퇇뫍죰뗤헢퇹뗄맺볒캪듺뇭ꎬ횸헽쪽뗄믲럇헽쪽뗄퓚샍뚯뫍놾횮볤엠퇸킭ퟷ뗄뺭맺볒엺ힼ뗄ퟩ횯볜릹ꆣ퓚헢킩맺볒샯ꎬ샍뚯헟퓚맺볒닣듎짏놻ퟩ횯돉뻟폐쪮럖폐솦뗄솪쏋훐탄ꎬ맍훷튲춨뎣ퟩ돉룟뛈벯훐듺뇭ퟔ짭샻틦뗄췅쳥ꆣ떱샍릤ꆢ놾볒뫍헾뢮캪쳖싛릫릲퇸샏뷰헾닟뫍웤쯻뺭볃짧믡헾닟쪱ꎬ샍릤듺뇭평샍릤톡뻙닺짺늢좫좨듺뇭샍릤샻틦ꆣ샍릤닎폫쫇ퟔ풸뗄ꎬ뛸럇잿웈뗄ꆣ샍릤뫍놾볒닎폫헢튻맽돌쫇틲캪쯻쏇죏캪쏱훷뫏ퟷ훷틥듺뇭쇋릲춬뗄ퟮ듳샻틦ꆣ 훆탍뫏ퟷ훷틥훷튪돶쿖폚20쫀볍20-30쓪듺벸룶얷훞램컷쮹맺볒뫍뫳살뗄28튻킩삭쏀뗄뛀닃맺볒ꎬ냼삨냍컷뫍낢룹춢ꆣ퓚뛀닃훷틥맺볒뫍벫좨훷틥맺볒뗄놳뺰쿂ꎬ뫏ퟷ훷틥뗄ퟩ횯뷡릹쫜떽ퟷ캪짧믡춳훎믺웷뗄헾뢮뗄잿쇒펰쿬ꎬ웤믹놾쳘뗣쫇퓚퓶잿맺볒좨솦뗄춬쪱ꎬ쿷복룷훖샻틦벯췅뗄펰쿬솦ꎬ폈웤쫇쿷복ퟩ횯웰살뗄샍29릤뗄펰쿬솦ꆣ춬쏱훷탍뫏ퟷ훷틥쿠랴ꎬ퓚뛀닃뗄뫏ퟷ훷틥뗄놳뺰쿂ꎬ샍릤듺뇭쪵훊짏쫇뛔훐퇫헾뢮뢺퓰뛸늻쫇뛔웕춨뗄릤믡돉풱뢺퓰ꆣ 쏱훷탍뫍훆탍뗄뫏ퟷ훷틥퓚퓶볓릫릲퇸샏뷰횧돶뫍퇸샏뷰헾닟랢햹랽쏦첬뛈쫇튻훂뗄ꆣ퓚뫏ퟷ훷틥뗄훆탎쪽훐ꎬ헢샠헾닟횼퓚낲뢧ꆣ퓚쏱훷뗄뫏ퟷ훷틥쟩뿶쿂ꎬ쯼놻죏캪쓜릻퓶뷸릤죋뫍맜샭헟횮볤뗄뫏ퟷꎬ듓뛸췆뚯뺭볃퓶뎤ꆣ듓뎤풶살뾴ꎬ뮹쓜욾뷨쯹햼폐뗄풴짺닺돶룼뛠뗄폃폚릫릲퇸샏뷰뫍웤쯻탎쪽짧믡뢣샻뗄닆뢻ꆣ좻뛸ꎬ듓뛌웚살뾴ꎬퟷ캪듌벤뺭볃퓶뎤믲복짙춨믵엲헍톹솦뗄늿럖얬솦ꎬ뫏ퟷ30훷틥믡복짙퇸샏뷰횧돶믲럅뮺퇸샏뷰횧돶퓶볓뗄쯙뛈ꆣ 튲폐뗄톧헟붫뫏ퟷ훷틥럖돉ꆰ맺볒뫏ퟷ훷틥ꆱ뫍ꆰ짧믡뫏ퟷ훷틥ꆱꆣꆰ맺볒뫏ퟷ훷틥ꆱ뗄릲춬쳘헷쫇ꎺ폐쿞돌뛈뗄ퟔ평훷틥쏱훷뫍죋쏱닎폫ꎬ춳훎뺫펢뛔짧믡뗄좫쏦뿘훆ꎬ쿠뛔늻랢듯뗄릤튵뺭볃ꆣ퓚쪵탐맺볒뫏ퟷ훷틥뗄맺볒샯ꎬ틲헾뢮쳘탭뛸뗃틔듦퓚뗄샻틦ퟩ횯랢믓ퟅ헾뢮뫍뺭볃짺닺헟횮볤뗄쎽뷩ꆢ쟾뗀믲쟅솺뗄ퟷ폃ꎬ뛸헾뢮퓲춨맽헢킩ퟩ횯쿞훆믲뿘훆짺닺헟췅쳥뗄뛀솢믮뚯ꆣ맺볒뫏ퟷ훷틥뿉틔볓잿샍뚯볍싉뫍맜샭ꎬ춬쪱쪹쿠뛔뗍킧뫍실뫳뗄릤튵샻틦벯췅퓚튻뚨돌뛈짏쏢쫜맺볊뺺헹뗄쯰몦ꆣꆰ짧믡뫏ퟷ훷틥ꆱ쫇폫틩믡ꆢ헾떳뫍톡뻙뗈헽쪽쏱훷훆뛈늢듦뗄튻훖헾훎맽돌뫍훆뛈ꆣ쯼뗄믹뒡쫇횰쓜듺뇭훆ꎬ벴듺뇭짧믡뺭볃샻틦뗄슢뛏ퟩ횯놻헾뢮퓊탭퓚짌쳖헾뢮헾닟뗄맽돌훐펵폐쳘좨뗘캻ꎬ헢훖짌쳖맽돌춨뎣쫇퓚헽쪽뗄쏱훷뻶닟돌탲횮췢ꎬퟷ캪뛔헾뢮룸폨뗄헢훖쳘좨뗘캻뗄믘놨ꎬ샻틦ퟩ횯퓲놣횤웤돉풱럾듓샻틦ퟩ횯폫헾뢮릲춬훆뚨뗄헾닟쳵뿮ꆣ폫맺볒뫏ퟷ훷틥늻춬ꎬ짧믡뫏ퟷ훷틥닺짺폚쒳킩돉쫬뗄놾훷틥맺볒ꎬ퓚헢킩맺볒훐ꎬ샻틦벯췅뛔짧믡듺뇭탔뗄슢뛏돌뛈믱뗃쇋룟뛈랢햹ꆣ헢킩샻틦ퟩ횯늻떫룟뛈벯훐ꎬ뛸쟒폐쓜솦뛔쓇킩캥랴벯쳥킭틩쳵뿮뗄돉풱31쪵탐폐킧뗄훆닃ꆣ 28 Williamson ,Peter J.(1989), Corporatismin Perspective. London, Sage, p,34. Erickson, Kenneth P.(1977), The Brazilian Corporative State and Working-Class politics. Berkeley: University of California Press., . 29 Schmitter,.(1974), Still the Century of Corporatism? Review of Politics, 36,p. 103. 30 틔짏맘폚쏱훷탍뫏ퟷ훷틥뫍훆탍뫏ퟷ훷틥뗄싛쫶쟫닎볻ꎺWilliamson, J B. And Pampel. F C.(1993), Old-Age Security in Comparative Perspective, Oxford University Press, pp. 17-18. 31 틔짏맘폚맺볒뫏ퟷ훷틥뫍짧믡뫏ퟷ훷틥뗄싛쫶틽ퟔ뾵쿾맢ꎺꆶ탍쪱웚뗄훐맺짧췅ꆷꆣ쟫볻 ꆣ퓚룃컄훐뾵쿾맢폖뛔맺볒짧믡훷틥뫍짧믡뫏ퟷ훷틥ퟶ쇋헢퇹뗄움싛ꎺ폫얷훞늻춬ꎬ쒫컷룧뗄뫏ퟷ훷틥쳥훆ꎬ펦쫴폚훆탍뗄ꎬ쯼늻쫇춨맽헾뢮뗄탐헾늿쏅폫슢뛏탔횰쓜췅쳥뷸탐킭짌살붨솢뫏ퟷ맘쾵ꎬ뛸쫇춨맽퓚맙랽헾떳뗄ퟩ횯쾵춳횮쓚붨솢슢뛏탔횰쓜췅쳥살쪵쿖맺볒폫짧믡뗄뷡뫏ꆣ쒫컷룧뗄ꆰ룯쏼훆뛈떳ꆱ폫튻냣뗄헾떳늻춬ꎬ쯼늻쫇캪펮뗃헾좨뛸붨솢뗄ꎬ뛸쫇헾뢮캪쇋릮만ퟔ벺 8
죽ꆢ뫏ퟷ훷틥폫놾훷틥 1ꆢ뫏ퟷ훷틥쫇뮺뷢놾훷틥짧믡돥춻뗄훘튪랽낸 쏗쪲삭뷌쫚퓚놾쫩훐뛔놾훷틥짧믡폫놾훷틥뺭볃ퟷ쇋짮뿌뗄퇐뺿ꆣ쯻죏캪ꎬ쎿룶쏱ퟥ맺볒뚼쫇튻룶짧믡쾵춳ꎬ헢룶쾵춳쫇튻룶평룷훖훆뛈훈탲ꎨ뺭볃뗄ꆢ헾훎뗄ꆢ뻼쫂뗄ꆢ뷌폽뗄ꆢ뢣샻뗄뗈ꎩ뫍샻틦벯췅ퟩ돉뗄뻟폐쿠뛔쓽뻛솦뗄헻쳥ꆣ퓚헢룶ꆰ헻쳥ꆱ쓚늿ꎬ쯼볈늻쫇췪좫돥춻뗄짧믡ꎬ튲늻쫇췪좫뫍쓀뗄짧믡ꎬ룼늻쓜폃릲춬뗄볛횵붫뛾헟삦퓚튻웰ꎻ짧믡뻍쫇튻룶ꆰ돥춻폫뫏ퟷ릲듦뗄컨첨ꆱꎨan arena of both conflict and cooperationꎩꎬ헢쫇짧믡돥춻믲풻짧믡쎬뛜횮튻ꆣ짏쫶훆뛈훈탲훐죎뫎튻룶뚼폐뿉쓜뻟폐쓚퓚뗄릦쓜늻솼뫍쎬뛜ꎬ쓜틽웰늻뻹뫢뫍늻컈뚨ꎬ헢쫇틲캪쫐뎡믺훆틗쫜췢늿쫆솦뗄펰쿬ꎬ뺭볃뗄컞헾뢮ힴ첬붫믡떼훂짧믡쪧뫢뫍릦쓜늻솼ꎬ헢쫇돥춻뗄룹풴횮뛾ꆣ늻춬뗄훆뛈훈탲횮볤튲믡닺짺돥춻뫍쒥닁ꎬ샽죧ꎬ쫐뎡뺭볃뫍쏱훷헾쳥퓚쒿뇪쒣쪽뫍믹놾풭퓲짏뗄닮틬탔뻍쫇튻룶잱퓚뗄돥춻살풴ꆣ쫐뎡뺭볃뗄풭퓲춨맽뺺헹쒱쟳킧싊뫍샻죳뗄ퟮ듳뮯ꎬ붱쟚랣상ꎬ헢뻍떼훂닺짺튻룶럇뗀뗂뗄쾵춳ꎬ폫웤헾훎훈탲뗄ꆰ튻죋튻욱ꆱ뗄욽뗈닎폫뫍ꆰ듺틩훆ꆱ풭퓲탎돉돥춻ꎬ틲캪뫳헟쯹ힷ쟳뗄쒿뇪뫜뿉쓜쫇폫쫐뎡뺭볃싟벭쿠랴뗄돤럖뻍튵ꎬퟮ뗍짺믮뇪ힼꆢ횰튵낲좫ꎬ뗈뗈ꆣ듋캪놾훷틥짧믡돥춻살풴횮죽ꆣ쎿룶릫쏱춬쪱ퟷ캪헾훎짏뗄톡뻙죋뫍뺭볃짏뗄쓉쮰죋ꎬ헢솽룶뷇즫튲쫇튻룶쎬뛜ꎬ잰헟뗄뷇즫쟣쿲쫇튪쟳헾뢮룸폨늻뛏삩듳쯻쏇뺭볃ꆢ헾훎뫍짧믡좨샻ꎬ뛸뫳헟뗄뷇즫퓲뇭쿖뗃뫜ퟔ쮽ꆣ헢쫇뗚쯄훖돥춻뗄살풴ꆣ 20쫀볍70쓪듺뗄뺭볃캣믺듲웆쇋뾭뛷쮹훷틥뢣샻맺볒뗄뻹뫢ꆣ뢣샻맺볒뗄뚨틥퓚쏗쪲삭뾴살늻췢뫵폐죽룶뇪ힼꎺ돤럖뻍튵ꆢ웕뇩뗄짧믡릫틦럾컱뫍ퟮ뗍짺믮뇪ힼꆣ쯹캽뾭뛷쮹훷틥뢣샻맺볒뗄뻹뫢뿉틔쮵쫇뷓뷼돤럖뻍튵뗄뺭볃퓶뎤폫뗍춨헍뷡뫏웰살뗄뻹뫢ꎻ훂쪹뾭뛷쮹랶쪽뢣샻맺볒췟뷢뗄솦솿쫇컯훊짏뗄ꎬ뛸럇뺫짱뗄ꎻ볈좻뛔뾭뛷쮹훷틥볌뛸듺횮뗄쫇탂놣쫘훷틥뫍ꎨ짧믡ꎩ뫏ퟷ훷틥ꎬ탂놣쫘훷틥뫍뫏ퟷ훷틥쫔춼킭뗷뷢뻶뺭볃짺닺폫짧믡럖엤쒿뇪뗄랽램쪵볊짏뻍쫇뷢뻶뢣샻놾훷틥짧믡훐짏쫶훮뛠돥춻뿉쓜탔뗄솽훖늻춬뗄랽램ꆣ쯤좻헢솽훖늻춬뗄랽램퓚뢣샻훆뛈뗄쪵볹랽쏦폐탭뛠쿠춬횮뒦ꎬ떫퓚룷ퟔ쯹듺뇭뗄볛횵맛ꆢ짧믡럖엤좨솦폫쳘좨뗈랽쏦좴쿠좥짵풶ꆣ 2ꆢ뫏ퟷ훷틥폫탂놣쫘훷틥뗄뛔솢 죶쟐뛻뫍샯룹쯹듺뇭뗄탂놣쫘훷틥쳡돶뗄헯뛏뫍뷢뻶랽램쫇ꆰ틔컾짼뢣샻틲쯘캪듺볛살볓잿놾훷틥훐뗄놾훷틥틲쯘ꆱꎬ뻟쳥뒦랽쫇붵뗍룟쫕죫헟쮰싊ꆢ돍뷤릤믡ꆢ퓊탭듦퓚튻룶ꆰퟔ좻쪧튵싊ꆱꎬ뗈뗈ꆣ쳘뚨뗄뷢뻶컊쳢뗄랽쪽쫇쳘뚨뗄틢쪶 뗄춳훎뛸붨솢뗄ꎬ쯹틔놻돆횮캪ꆰ맙랽떳ꆱꆣ뺡맜쒫컷룧튲쫇쪵탐뛠떳훆뗄맺볒ꎬ떫쫇헾뢮ퟩ붨뗄ꆰ맙랽떳ꆱ퓚샺듎톡뻙훐폀풶뒦폚늻냜횮뗘ꎬ틲듋탭뛠죋냑쒫컷룧잡떱뗘돆캪ꆰ튻떳훆맺볒ꆱ믲ꆰ떳헾뫏튻맺볒ꆱꆣꆰ떳헾뫏튻ꆱ쳥훆쪹쒫컷룧뗄짧췅훷틥헾떳쳥훆랢믓쇋폫얷훞뗄뫏ퟷ훷틥쳥훆쿠춬뗄릦쓜ꆣ 짧믡뫏ퟷ훷틥맣랺듦퓚폚얷훞ꎬ웤뗤탍쫇냂뗘샻ꎬ웤듎쫇쮹뾰뗄쓉캬퇇맺볒ꆣ냂뗘샻퓚짌믡ꆢ릤믡ꆢ얩믡뫍룷훖횰튵캯풱믡훐뚼쪵탐틥컱믡풱훆ꎬ쎿룶샍뚯릫쏱훁짙쫇웤훐튻룶ퟩ횯뗄돉풱ꎬ뛸쎿룶짧췅뚼쫇튻룶룟뛈벯훐뗄샻틦ퟩ횯ꆣ샽죧ꎬퟮ룟릤믡ퟩ횯뿉틔닙ퟝ릤죋듺뇭ꎬ좫맺뗄룷룶릤믡뚼쫇쯼뗄쿂쫴떥캻ꎬ뛸쟒퓚닆헾짏틀삵ퟮ룟릤믡ퟩ횯ꆣ맺볒퓚짌틩볛룱뿘훆뫍뺭볃볆뮮훐놣횤듺뇭뗄욽뗈탔ꎬ벯쳥뗄짧믡뺭볃킭짌퓲쫇퓚럇뎣늻헽쪽뗄럇맙쇅믺릹ꎨ욽뗈캯풱믡ꎩ훐뷸탐뗄ꎬ룷룶샻틦ퟩ횯뢺퓰냯훺헾뢮맡뎹릲춬훆뚨뗄헾닟ꆣ샻폃헢킩ퟩ횯ꎬ헾뢮뛔늿쏅뫍뗘쟸놣돖ퟅퟮ듳쿞뛈뗄폐킧뿘훆ꆣ 9
탎첬뗄뷡맻ꆣ퓚뫏ퟷ훷틥헾훆뾴살ꎬ평폚뢣샻맺볒돶쿖쇋ꆰ컊쳢ꆱ쯹틔닅떼훂뢣샻맺볒쿝죫캣믺ꎻ뛸퓚탂놣쫘훷틥헟뾴살퓲잡잡쿠랴ꎺ떼훂뢣샻맺볒쿝죫캣믺뗄헢킩ꆰ컊쳢ꆱ헽쫇뷢뻈캣믺뗄튻룶냬램ꎬ샽죧쪧튵ꆣꆰ쪧튵폐훺폚붵뗍릤ꆢ쪹춨믵엲헍쿂붵ꆢ듙뷸샍뚯볍싉뫍쇷뚯탔ꆱꆣ 탂폒엉뫍폒틭뗄탂놣쫘훷틥폫짧믡쏱훷훷틥뗄뫏ퟷ훷틥쫇뛔70쓪듺ꆰ햽뫳릲쪶ꆱ췟뷢뛸돶쿖뗄솽훖첬뛈뷘좻쿠랴뗄믘펦ꎬ쯻쏇뛔뢣샻맺볒닉좡뗄짧믡헾닟뫍탐뚯랽쿲쫇놳뗀뛸돛뗄ꎺ잰헟훷헅쫕쯵짧믡뢣샻ꎬ틀뾿쮽죋늿쏅뫍쫐뎡솦솿살쪵쿖뺭볃퓶뎤뫍쳡릩짧믡럾컱ꎻ뫳헟퓲뻜뻸럅웺햽뫳뢣샻맺볒뗄쒿뇪ꎬ쳘뇰쫇돤럖뻍튵ꆢ뺭볃퓶뎤뫍짧믡뢣샻ꆣ틲듋ꎬ잰헟뿉놻돆캪ꆰ쫕쯵엉ꆱꎬ뫳헟쫇ꆰ캬돖엉ꆱꆣ헢솽룶벫뛋쫇튻룶솬탸쳥뗄솽룶뛋뗣ꎬ퓚헢솽룶뛋뗣횮볤ꎬ탭뛠웤쯼뢣샻맺볒뗄헾닟뫍쒿뇪좡쿲뻍놻훃폚헢룶솬탸쳥횮훐뗄늻춬캻훃ꎬ폚쫇뻍돶쿖쇋잰쏦뷩짜뗄췾솮쒷즭뫍났쮹욽-낲뗂즭쯹룸돶뗄욵웗틇ꆣ 쏗쪲삭뷌쫚퓚놾쫩훐듓헢룶솬탸쳥믲욵웗틇뗄솽룶뛋뗣룷톡쇋2룶뗤탍퇹냥맺볒ꎬ폒틭캪웤펢맺뫍쏀맺ꎬퟳ틭캪죰뗤뫍냂뗘샻ꎬ쇭췢폖톡쇋뷼쓪살쫔춼쒱쟳킧럂탂놣쫘훷틥뗄볓쓃듳뫍킧럂뫏ퟷ훷틥뗄냄듳샻퇇헢2룶맺볒ꎬ틔삩햹헢솽훖럖컶랽램뗄쫊폃랶캧ꆣ뷓ퟅꎬ쏗쪲삭뷌쫚퓚놾쫩훐뛔헢죽ퟩ낸샽맺볒럖뇰뻍뾭뛷쮹훷틥랶쪽뢣샻맺볒뗄죽쳵뇪ힼꎨ돤럖뻍튵ꆢ웕뇩릫틦뫍럀횹욶삧ꎩ훰튻짨솢헂뷚폨틔럖컶ꎬ퓚햼폐듳솿쇏뗄믹뒡짏ꎬ쯻쫗쿈뛔탂놣쫘훷틥퓚80쓪듺뗄쪵볹뷡맻ퟶ돶쇋32움볛ꆣ 3ꆢ뫏ퟷ훷틥뫍탂놣쫘훷틥뛔뺭볃캣믺뗄믘펦벰웤뇈뷏 ퟜ쫇살쮵ꎬ퓚펢맺ꎬ돤럖뻍튵ퟷ캪튻훖릫릲헾닟틑놻럅웺ꎬ뛸캪뗍쫕죫죋뿚럾컱뗄짧믡쿮쒿퓢떽쇋듳럹뛈뗄쿷복ꎻ웕뇩탔짧믡릫틦쿮쒿쯤좻룄캪ꆰ톡퓱탔뗄웕뇩릫틦ꆱꎬ떫믹놾짏캴쫜뒥뚯ꎬ벴쪹쫇뗍쫕죫뗄쿮쒿ꎬ튲훷튪쫇퓢떽쟖쪴뫍쿷복뛸럇뎹뗗럏돽ꎻ듋췢ꎬ헢킩맺볒퓚짧믡횧돶짏뗄ퟜ쳥쮮욽쎻폐쪲쎴뇤뮯ꆣ쏗쪲삭죏캪ꎬ맘폚탂폒엉싛쫶뢣샻맺볒뗄컄쿗쿠떱뛠ꎬ쯻쏇뛔폚쫕쯵뢣샻맺볒뗄볆뮮쫇럱틑믱쪤뗄믘듰믹놾짏쫇럱뚨뗄ꎬ폈웤쫇뷌폽ꆢ튽쇆놣헏뫍퇸샏뷰헢킩뫋탄뗄릫틦럾컱뗃떽쇋릫훚ퟮ잿쇒뗄횧돖ꎬ뛸헽쫇헢킩훷튪쇬폲뛔짧믡뢣샻횧돶뷸탐쫕쯵뗄뎢쫔ꎬ쫇폒엉헾좨ퟮ늻돉릦뗄뗘랽ꆣ쇭튻랽쏦ꎬ탂폒엉퓚짏쫶죽쳵뇪ힼ훐폐솽쳵쪹뢣샻맺볒럇훆뛈뮯랽쏦좡뗃쇋돉릦ꎬ벴탂폒엉뻜뻸헾뢮돐떣캬돖룟뻍튵쮮욽뗄퓰죎ꎬ틔벰퓚쪵볊짏럱죏쇋헾뢮뛔럀횹욶삧뫍캬돖ퟮ뗍뇪ힼ뗄퓰죎ꆣ샯룹헾뢮뗄쟩뿶짔뫃튻킩ꎬ좡뗃쇋튻킩돉릦ꎬ떫죋쏇튲랢쿖ꎬ얷훞뗄쟩뿶튲춬퇹쫊폃폚쏀맺ꎬ벴ꆰ뛔럏돽뢣샻맺볒햽싔뫍죃쯻죋뷚틂쯵쪳뗄웕뇩죈쟩믹놾짏캴놻뮯돉쪵볊뷡맻ꎬꆱ짵훁퓚쏀맺폫33펢맺뫍컷얷웤쯻뗘랽튻퇹ꎬ뢣샻맺볒뚼ꆰ뇭쿖돶럇랲뗄쓍솦ꆱꆣ 쏗쪲삭퓚놾쫩훐폃쇋듳솿욪럹뫍쇏뛔죰뗤뫍냂뗘샻뫏ퟷ훷틥믘펦70쓪듺뺭34볃캣믺뗄맽돌ꆢ뷡맻ퟶ쇋싛쫶ꎬퟜ뗄움볛쫇ꎬ1973쓪폍볛헰떴틔살죰뗤뫍냂뗘샻헢솽룶짧믡뫏ퟷ훷틥헾훆뗄뺭샺뇭쏷ꎬ뢣샻놾훷틥뗄쎬뛜늢늻뇘좻떼훂뫏ퟷ훷틥훆뛈뗄췟뷢ꆣ짧믡뫏ퟷ훷틥ퟷ캪랢듯뗄뢣샻맺볒뗄튻훖쒣쪽ꎬ틑욽낲뛈맽쇋70쓪 32 쏗쪲삭횸돶ꎬ놾쫩훐쪹폃뗄뢣샻맺볒뗄뚨틥쫇ꆰ횸헾뢮캬돖맺쏱ퟮ뗍뇪ힼ뗄퓰죎뗄훆뛈뮯ꆣ퓚햽뫳뗄뢣샻맺볒샯ꎬ헢훷튪틢캶ퟅ죽훖샠탍뗄돐억폫훆뛈ꎺ돤럖뻍튵헾닟ꎬ싺ퟣ믹놾탨쟳뗄웕뇩릫틦ꎬ벰룷훖럀횹뫍뷢돽욶삧뗄듫쪩ꆣꆱ볻쏗쪲삭놾쫩뗚죽헂뗚ꆰ쯄ꆱꆣ 33 [볓] 쏗쪲삭놾쫩ꎬ뗚뛾헂ꆣ 34 헢튻뛎쟫닎볻쏗쪲삭놾쫩뗚죽헂ꆣ 10
듺뫍80쓪듺뗄럧놩ꎬ뛸쎻폐컾짼뺭볃킧싊뫍짧믡릫헽ꆣ쫗쿈ꎬ짧믡뫏ퟷ훷틥횮쯹틔퓚캬돖뫍놣컀뢣샻맺볒랽쏦좡뗃쇋뻞듳뗄돉릦ꎬ쫇틲캪죰뗤뫍냂뗘샻쪵쪩뗄짧믡뫏ퟷ훷틥뗄뇪횾벴볡뻶뗘캬돖돤럖뻍튵헢튻얬솦좡뗃쇋쿠떱뗄돉릦ꆣ퓚쏦쇙맺볊뺭볃믬싒뗄퇏훘삧쓑뗄쪱뫲ꎬ죰뗤뫍냂뗘샻짧믡뫏ퟷ훷틥돉릦뗘캬돖쇋햽뫳뢣샻맺볒뫍쟗샍릤뗄짧믡헾닟ꆣ죰뗤춨맽맺볒벯쳥첸에뗄훆뛈뮯맽돌뫍평ꆰ샍뚯솦쫐뎡캯풱믡ꆱ뛸쪵쿖뗄쿠뮥뫏ퟷꎬ웤짧믡뫏ퟷ훷틥뻍쪹짺닺폫럖엤ꆢ뺭볃폫짧믡뢣샻뗈킭뗷웰살쇋ꎬ듓뛸캬뮤쇋뢣샻맺볒뗄믹놾잰쳡뫍훆뛈ꆣ죰뗤틑ퟟ돶쇋평1973ꆢ1979쓪쮥췋쯹틽랢뗄볢죱캣믺ꎬ뛸쎻폐컾짼돤럖뻍튵헢튻햽뫳뢣샻맺볒뗄믹놾쓚죝ꆣ퓚펦뛔70쓪듺뗄춨믵엲헍뫍쮥췋랽쏦ꎬ냂뗘샻쫇퓋폃ꆰ짧믡릲쪶ꆱ뗄랽램벴춨맽릤뷚훆살틖훆춨믵엲헍ꎬ릤뷚훆퓊탭닉폃뾭뛷쮹쪽뗄ꆰ춨믵퓙엲헍ꆱ헾닟뛸컞탨떣탄춨믵엲헍뗄뫳맻ꆣ헢퓚놾훊짏쫇캬돖돤럖뻍튵뗄냂뗘샻쪽뗄랽램ꆣ평폚훷튪샻틦벯췅횮볤훆뛈뮯뗄뫏ퟷꎨcooperationꎩꎬ냂뗘샻퓚70쓪듺돉릦뗘캬돖쇋돤럖뻍튵ꎬ퓚80쓪듺퓲놣돖ퟅ뷓뷼돤럖뻍튵ꆣ헢뻍쪹뻍튵뫍릤횮볤뗄룷훖욽뫢뗃틔쪵쿖ꎬ듓뛸쪹훷튪뗄뺭볃뫍짧믡쒿뇪퓚맣랺릲쪶뗄뿲볜훐뗃틔쪵쿖ꎬ뛸돤럖뻍튵뗄쪵쿖튲늻쫇틔컾짼뺭볃퓶뎤믲춨믵엲헍캪듺볛뗄ꆣ 웤듎ꎬ폫돤럖뻍튵쿠뇈ꎬ캬돖웕뇩짧믡릫틦뗄뿲볜뫍쮮욽뗄죎컱퓚죰뗤뫍냂뗘샻뚼튪죝틗튻킩ꎬ쿖퓚짧믡쏱훷떳뗄쒿뇪쫇릮만폫룄짆뢣샻맺볒뛸늻쫇삩헅ꆣ훁폚뢣샻맺볒뗄뗚죽룶쳘헷ꆪꆪ뛔맺볒ퟮ뗍짺믮뇪ힼퟶ돶돐억ꆪꆪ퓚죰뗤뫍냂뗘샻튲믹놾짏캴쫜뒥뚯ꎬ늢쟒튲쎻폐틔컾짼뺭볃킧싊캪듺볛ꆣ듋췢ꎬ폫탂놣쫘훷틥헾좨늻튻퇹ꎬ죰뗤뫍냂뗘샻뛔쮰쫕쾵춳뚼쎻ퟶ돶죎뫎폐뿉쓜떼훂쫕죫쿲짏럖엤뫍쫕죫늻욽뗈뗄훘듳뇤룯ꆣ 쯤좻뢣샻쳥쾵뺭쫜힡쇋솽듎폍볛돥믷ꎨ1973쓪뫍1979쓪ꎩ뫍평듋뛸떼훂뗄쮥췋ꎬ뛸쟒훁짙퓚죰뗤뮹뷸탐쇋쿠떱듳뗄닺튵뷡릹뗷헻ꎬ떫쫇ꎬ짧믡쏱훷뫏ퟷ훷틥뇏뺹폫듓잰늻튻퇹쇋ꆣ샽죧ꎬ냂뗘샻뗄쪧튵싊짏짽떽쇋50쓪듺틔살듓캴폐맽뗄쮮욽ꆣ뷡맻ꎬ짧믡쏱훷떳퓙튲늻룒쿳듓잰쓇퇹뇪냱ퟔ벺쫇뻍튵뗄놣횤죋ꆣ춬쪱ꎬ놣쫘떳볡돖쿷복풤쯣돠ퟖꆢ쮰쫕뫍횧돶뗄훷헅튲풽살풽폐펰쿬솦ꆣ 4ꆢ뫏ퟷ훷틥뗄쫔퇩벰웤놾훊 쏗쪲삭뮹톡퓱솽룶낸샽맺볒——볓쓃듳뫍냄듳샻퇇——ퟷ캪웤뫏ퟷ훷틥뗄ꆰ퇓짬맺볒ꆱ살뾼달뫏ퟷ훷틥퓚쫀뷧뺭볃캣믺횮훐뗄쏼퓋폫잰춾ꆣ헢솽룶맺볒뗄쳘뗣쫇ꎬ햽뫳틔살ꎬ럂킧쏀맺뗄볓쓃듳늢캴럮탐컷얷맺볒돤럖뻍튵헾닟ꎬ1973쓪틔뫳ꎬ볓쓃듳럮탐뗄쫇쿷복뢣샻뾪횧뗄탂놣쫘훷틥ꎻ뛸냄듳샻퇇퓲쿠랴ꎬ쯤좻쯼쎻폐쪵탐캬돖ퟮ뗍쫕죫뇪ힼ뗄놣헏쿮쒿ꎬ떫쯼좴튻횱ퟱ톭ퟅ돤럖뻍튵뗄헾닟쒿뇪ꎬ70쓪듺뺭볃캣믺틔뫳ꎬ폫볓쓃듳쿠랴ꎬ쯼뾪쪼쿲ퟳꎬ1983쓪릤떳횴헾뫳폫릤믡잩쫰뗄ꆰ짧믡웵풼ꆱ캪뇪횾쿳헷ퟅ쯼쫔춼쏦쿲짧믡뫏ퟷ훷틥뗄톡퓱ꆣ 춨맽뛔볓쓃듳뗄뾼달ꎬ죋쏇랢쿖ꎬ햽뫳뫜뎤쪱볤틔살튻횱떽1984쓪놣쫘떳짏첨횴헾횮잰ꎬ럮탐놣쫘훷틥햽싔뗄볓쓃듳퓚뺺톡쪱뛔뢣샻룄룯뗄첬뛈닉좡뗄쫇컂뫍뗄닟싔ꎬ떫튻짏첨뻍쯆뫵뛔톡쏱ꆰ쪳퇔ꆱꎬ쿲탂놣쫘훷틥ꎬ탻늼튪듳럹쿷복닆헾풤쯣돠ퟖ뫍짧믡횧돶ꎬ뷸탐듳맦쒣뗄뢣샻룄룯ꎻ헢돤럖쮵쏷ꎬ웕뇩탔뗄짧믡뢣샻럾컱볆뮮쫇쫜톡쏱뮶펭뗄ꎬ쫇뗃죋탄뗄ꎬꆰ쎻폐죎뫎튻룶떳엉퓚톡뻙쪱룒릫뾪쳡돶튻룶쯵복뾪횧뗄룙쇬ꆱꆣ좻뛸ꎬ놣쫘떳짏첨뫳늻뻃ꎬ웤룄룯볆뮮뻍쫜ퟨꎬ뒦폚?헛ힴ첬ꆣ쯤좻쪧튵싊뾪쪼뮺싽쿂붵ꎨ8ꎥꎩꎬ떫죔뇈캣믺횮잰튪룟뗃뛠ꎻ훁폚붵뗍퇸샏 11
뷰뇪ힼꎬ평폚폟싛뷧랴뛔뗄뫴짹뫜룟ꎬ헾뢮놻웈럅웺헢튻볆뮮ꎬ캨튻뗄돉벨쫇내볆뮮쪵쪩쇋볒춥뷲쳹뗄쿷복ꆣ훁폚랴욶삧듫쪩ꎬ볓쓃듳뗄룄룯폫펢맺뇈뷏웰살죔쫴컂뫍엉ꎬ룶죋닺뗷닩탔뗄뫍톡퓱탔뗄뢣샻쿮쒿쪼훕쎻폐쿷복ꎬ벴볓쓃듳듓캴쯵복캪쟮죋짨솢뗄뢣샻쿮쒿ꆣ룅뛸퇔횮ꎬ볓쓃듳뗄탂놣쫘훷틥폫쏀맺뫍펢맺쿠뇈쫇폐뷏듳쟸뇰뗄ꆣ폃쏗쪲삭뗄뮰살뿉틔붫볓쓃듳뢣샻룄룯뗄뷡맻룅삨캪ꆰ떱쓪뷸탐뎹뗗룄룯뗄벤쟩틑퇌쿻퓆즢ꆱꆣ 냄듳샻퇇뗄쟩뿶쯆뫵잡뫃쿠랴ꆣ믴뿋ꎨBob Howkeꎩ쇬떼뗄릤떳퓚1983쓪짏첨횴헾쪱폫릤믡잩뚨뗄짧믡웵풼쫇릤떳짏첨뗄튻룶훐탄룙쇬ꆣ헢룶죽랽킭짌뗄짧믡웵풼뛔냄듳샻퇇살쮵틢틥훘듳ꎬ퓚헢룶맺볒쫇쪷컞잰샽뗄ꆣ퓚듋늻뻃잰펢맺퓸쫔퇩잩맽튻룶짧믡웵풼ꎬ떫ퟮ훕틔쪧냜룦훕ꆣ쓇쎴냄듳샻퇇릤떳캪뫎뮹튪쪵탐쯼쓘ꎿ뫜쏷쿔ꎬ퓚80쓪듺뺭볃폫헾훎뗄듳놳뺰쿂ꎬ죽랽믯냩훷틥쯆뫵틑돉캪릤떳쫔춼뗷뷢뺭볃퓶뎤폫짧믡릫헽헢솽듳쒿뇪뗄훷튪햽싔횮튻ꆣ 냄듳샻퇇뗄헢룶짧믡웵풼쫇붨솢퓚쿞훆릤믡릤튪쟳뗄풭퓲횮짏ꎬ틔듋살뿘훆춨믵엲헍틔벰헾뢮캪믖뢴뺭볃ꆢ붵뗍쪧튵싊폫쳡룟짧믡릤뛸닉좡쿠펦뗄삩헅뗄믵뇒폫닆헾헾닟ꎬ웤쒿뗄퓚폚ꎬ춨맽쏱ퟥ릲쪶폫뗷뷢ꎬ퓚릤믡ꆢ맍훷폫맺볒횮볤뷸탐죽랽킭짌뛸쪵탐뺭볃횴헾ꆣ듓듋ꎬ냄듳샻퇇릤믡폫헾뢮횮볤잩뚨킭틩뗄맟샽뻍튻횱퇓탸쿂살ꆣ 뫜쿔좻ꎬ퓚쏗쪲삭쓇샯ꎬ쿲ퟳ뗄냄듳샻퇇뛔짧믡뫏ퟷ훷틥뗄뎢쫔믹놾짏쫇돉릦뗄ꆣ쯤좻퓚돤럖뻍튵ꆢ웕뇩뢣샻릫틦뫍ퟮ뗍짺믮뇪ힼ헢죽룶랽쏦냄듳샻퇇쎻폐쪲쎴ퟷ캪ꎬ떫짧믡웵풼좴쪹헾뢮닉좡듫쪩붵뗍쇋쯹뗃쮰ꎨ냄듳샻퇇쫇뗍쮰맺볒ꎬ떫룶죋쯹뗃쮰뫜룟ꎩꎬ틔듋ퟷ캪붵뗍릤뗄쳦듺쫖뛎ꎬ평듋뾴살ꎬ냄듳샻퇇헢룶뫏ퟷ훷틥뗄짧믡웵풼뗄뷡맻퓚폚쯹뗃쮰뗄쿷복ꎬ뛸늻쫇튻룶웕뇩릫틦췸싧뗄붨솢ꆣ 쯦ퟅ냄듳샻퇇뺭볃뗄뢴탋ꎬ뫏ퟷ훷틥틲쯘뗄떼죫벴ꆰ짧믡웵풼ꆱ뗄쪵퇩훁짙폐죽뗣훘튪틢틥ꎺ튻쫇70쓪듺펢맺짧믡웵풼뗄쇷닺늢늻틢캶ퟅꆰ퓚붲펢폯맺볒늻쓜붨솢웰튻룶횼퓚캪쪵쿖튻쾵쇐맺볒쒿뇪뛸킭뗷뺭볃짧믡헾닟뗄ퟩ횯뷡릹ꆱꎬ쯼틢캶ퟅꎬ뫏ퟷ훷틥ퟷ캪튻훖훆뛈낲업뻟폐냑뺭볃랢햹폫짧믡릫헽쿠뮥볦죝뗄쓜솦ꎻꆰ쎻폐춬폐ퟩ횯뗄릤믡잩뚨짧믡웵풼ꎬ헾뢮튪쿫솬죎늢톰쟳붨솢튻룶뢣샻맺볒ꎬ쫇폐뫜듳삧쓑뗄ꆱꆣ뛾쫇쯼횤쏷쇋짧믡뫏ퟷ훷틥뗄춾뺶뮹쫇폐킧뗄ꆣ냄듳샻퇇쪵퇩뗄뷡맻웰싫횤쏷쯼냑솽벫럖뮯뗄쟷쫆뗃틔뛴훆ꆣ죽쫇냄듳샻퇇뗄ퟳ쿲쫀죋횤쏷ꎬ짧믡뫏ퟷ훷틥뗄튻냣쒣쪽퓚죎뫎튻룶뻟폐뛀쳘샺쪷뫍뛀쳘랢햹뗀슷뗄맺볒뚼쫇쫊폃뗄ꎬ냄듳샻퇇쪽뗄ꆰ뫏ퟷ훷틥ꆱ늻뷶뷶쫇쮹뾰뗄쓉캬퇇쪽뗄볲떥췢퇓ꎬꆰ뫏ퟷ훷틥ꆱ틲쯘뗄틽죫늢캴쪹냄듳샻퇇뇤돉쇭튻룶죰뗤ꎬ룷ퟔ맺볒뗄맺쟩쳘쫢틲쯘뫍샺쪷컄뮯돁뗭뗈틲쯘뚼쫇쪮럖훘튪뗄ꆣ쯤좻냄듳샻퇇쪽뗄뢣샻놾훷틥늢늻뿉쓜뇤돉튻룶죰뗤쪽뗄뢣샻맺볒ꎬ짧믡뫏ퟷ훷틥퓚냄듳샻퇇룕뾪쪼쪱퓸퓢떽잿쇒뗄랴뛔ꎬ떫뫳살좴횤쏷냄듳샻퇇쪽뗄짧믡뫏ퟷ훷틥룼쫜뮶펭ꆣ쯄쫇쯼뮹쮵쏷ꎬꆰ붨짨튻룶뢣샻짧믡튪뇈놣뮤튻룶틑듦퓚퓋탐훐뗄뢣샻쳥훆삧쓑뗃뛠ꆱꎬ1983쓪웵풼퓚냄듳샻퇇뮨쇋헻헻35컥쓪쪱볤ꆣ 쯄ꆢ90쓪듺틔살ꆰ뗚죽쳵뗀슷ꆱ탍뗄뫏ퟷ훷틥 35 맘폚볓쓃듳뫍냄듳샻퇇뗄싛쫶쟫닎볻쏗쪲삭놾쫩ꎬ뗚쯄헂뫍뗚컥헂ꆣ 12
얷훞ꎬ퓚헢룶컄쏷뗄랢쿩뗘ꆢ쮼쿫뗄튡삺샯ꎬ뫏ퟷ훷틥떮짺폚쮹ꎬ뚦쪢폚쮹ꎬ춬쪱튲쮥실폚쮹ꆣ죧잰컄쯹쫶ꎬ뫏ퟷ훷틥닺짺폚얷훞뻟폐샺쪷뗄뇘좻탔ꆣ19쫀볍ꎬ듳믺웷릤튵듺쳦얩튵뫍쫖릤튵돉캪횧엤짧믡뗄훷튪뺭볃탎첬ꎬ놾훷틥뗄뺭볃믹뒡듓뛸뗃틔볓잿ꎻ춬쪱ꎬ폫듋쿠냩뗄훜웚탔뺭볃캣믺ꆢ짧믡솽벫럖뮯뫍뷗벶돥춻뗈쎬뛜쪮럖퇏훘ꆣ1848쓪얷훞룯쏼뫍1871쓪냍샨릫짧웰틥룦쯟죋쏇ꎬ죧늻뮺뷢놾훷틥퓬돉뗄룷훖짧믡쎬뛜ꎬ뻍믡떼훂벤쇒뗄짧믡돥춻뫍쪧뿘ꎬ캣벰놾훷틥맺볒ꆣ릤죋뷗벶캪폫닺뷗벶뷸탐뚷헹뇘탫튪폐ퟔ벺뗄샭싛ꎬ폚쫇ꎬ퓚릤죋퓋뚯뗄엮늪랢햹횮훐닺짺쇋짧믡쏱훷훷틥ꆣ짧믡쏱훷떳뗄돉솢폫솪뫏폖랴맽살듙뷸쇋릤죋퓋뚯뗄엮늪랢햹ꆣ20쫀볍돵뫍솽듎쫀뷧듳햽뗄놬랢뗃틔쪹얷훞뗄짧믡쏱훷떳훰붥뾪쪼헽쪽돉캪맺볒슢뛏벯췅퓚릤죋퓋뚯훐뗄듺샭죋ꆣ 1ꆢ20쫀볍90쓪듺얷훞뫏ퟷ훷틥뗄믘뎱 뿉틔쮵ꎬ돽쇋쳬훷뷌뗈웤쯼틲쯘틔췢ꎬ엮늪폫돖뻃뗄릤죋퓋뚯뫍돉쫬폫랢듯뗄짧믡쏱훷떳ꎨ쮼뎱ꎩ쫇얷훞횮쯹틔돉캪뫏ퟷ훷틥헾훆랢쿩뗘뗄훘튪풭틲횮튻ꆣ헽죧쒳킩컷랽톧헟쯹횸돶뗄ꎬꆰ릤죋뷗벶퓋뚯캪맺볒듓ퟔ평럅죎맽뛉떽쒳훖뫏샭뮯탎쪽뗄뺭볃룉풤뫍뢣샻맺볒뗄랢햹쳡릩쇋훷튪뗄풭뚯솦(main impetus)……듓놾쫀볍3036쓪듺뾪쪼ꎬ릤죋퓋뚯쫇헻룶죰뗤짧믡ퟩ횯뗄랢뚯믺(motor)ꆱꆣ뫏ퟷ훷틥헾훆폫짧믡쏱훷떳횮볤뗄헢훖쳬좻맘솪탔뿉틔폃죰뗤헢룶뗤탍뗄뫏ퟷ훷틥헾훆살볓틔?쫍ꎺ듓1932쓪훁1991쓪죰뗤헾뢮벸뫵쎻폐볤뛏맽놻짧믡쏱훷떳춳훎ꎬ벴죰뗤뗄짧믡쏱훷떳뗄훆헾쪱볤뇈죎뫎튻룶웤쯼얷훞맺볒뚼튪뎤ꎻ뮻튻뻤뮰ꎬ죰뗤쫇쫀뷧짏샍릤ퟩ횯솦솿ퟮ캪잿듳뗄맺볒횮튻ꎻ떫랴맽살붲ꎬ폫웤쯼얷훞맺볒쿠뇈ꎬ죰뗤튲쫇ퟮ벫짙폐릤죋냕릤뗄맺볒횮튻ꆣ죰뗤뗄헢ꆰ튻뎤튻잿튻짙ꆱ뗄뺭볃짧믡쳘헷폫웤짧믡뫏ퟷ훷틥헾훆뺿뺹뫎캪틲맻ꎿ듰낸쯆뫵펦캪ꆰ쓣훐폐컒ꎬ컒훐폐쓣ꎬ뮥캪틲맻ꆱꆣ죰뗤뫏ퟷ훷틥헾훆폐죽룶훷튪횧훹ꎺ튻쫇벯훐뗄릤첸에뫍폐탲뗄샍맘쾵ꎬ뛾쫇횸쿲37쏷좷뗄ꆰ샍뚯쫐뎡헾닟ꆱꎻ죽쫇뛔뢣샻훆뛈뗄웕뇩릲쪶ꆣ웤쪵ꎬ쮵떽뗗ꎬ헢죽룶횧훹뻍쫇ꆰ죽랽믯냩훷틥ꆱ뗄췢쿳뇭쿖탎쪽ꆣ죰뗤헢죽룶횧훹뗄릦쓜쳥쿖믲돆ꆰ죽랽믯냩훷틥ꆱ뗄쪵쪩춾뺶쫇잩쫰ꆰ짧믡웵풼ꆱꆣ죽랽잩쫰ꎨ짙쫽맺볒캪솽랽ꎩꆰ짧믡웵풼ꆱ뗄믹뒡쫇샍쮫랽횮볤뗄ꆰ짧믡첸에ꆱꆣꆰ죽랽믯냩훷틥ꆱꆪꆪꆰ짧믡웵풼ꆱꆪꆪꆰ짧믡첸에ꆱꎬ쯼쏇횮볤벸뫵뿉틔뮮뗈뫅ꎬ튲뻍쫇쮵벸뫵뿉틔폫ꆰ뫏ퟷ훷틥ꆱ뮮뗈뫅ꆣ뾼달튻쿂얷훞맺볒뗄뫏ퟷ훷틥헾훆ꎬ짏쫶쏨쫶뫍ퟜ뷡벸뫵룅쒪쓜췢ꆣ샽죧ꎬ낮뛻삼1987쓪ꎭ1993쓪횮볤솬탸잩쫰쇋죽룶짧믡뺭볃웵풼ꎻ컷냠퇀1992쓪뫍1994쓪럖뇰잩쫰쇋솽쇋짧믡웵풼ꎻ컷냠퇀1987쓪훁1992쓪횮볤잩쫰쇋튻쾵쇐쿠맘쓚죝뗄웵풼ꎻ웏쳑퇀폚1987쓪훁1992쓪볤퓚좫맺랶캧쓚폫릤ꆢ짌ꆢ얩뗈킭믡헽쪽듯돉킭풼ꎻ뇈샻쪱1991쓪훁1993쓪믖뢴쇋70쓪듺훐뛏뗄웵풼탐뚯ꎬ뻍짧믡뢣샻뗈폐맘쓚죝잩쫰쇋튻쾵쇐좫맺탔뗄웵풼ꎻ틢듳샻1992쓪ꎭ1995쓪볤잩쫰쇋죽룶웵풼틔듋ퟷ캪웤뢣샻훆뛈룄룯뗄훘튪뇪횾ꎻ뫉삼폚1982쓪뫍1993쓪럖뇰잩쫰쇋솽룶짧믡웵풼ꎻ뗈뗈ꆣ컞맖뫵튻킩컷랽톧헟횱뷓붫죽랽믯냩훷틥ꎨ뫏ퟷ훷틥ꎩ뾴ퟷ쫇놾쯹폐헟폫릤죋뷗벶횮볤헽퓚뷸탐뗄뚷헹뗄튻훖탎쪽뫍튻룶뷗뛎ꎬ쫇붫ퟩ횯 36 Scott Lash & John Urry,(1987), The End of Organized Capitalism, Polity Press in association with Basil Blackwell, . 37 [볓] 쏗쪲삭놾쫩ꎬ뗚죽헂ꆣ 13
웰살뗄릤죋뷗벶쓉죫떽놾훷틥샻틦뿲볜뗄튻훖쫖뛎ꎬ짵훁죏캪뢣샻맺볒쫇쏱훷뗄38뷗벶뚷헹뗄닺컯ꆣ 듓짏쫶얷훞맺볒짧믡웵풼잩쫰뗄쪱볤살뾴ꎬ쯼쏇듳뛠랢짺폚80쓪듺쒩뫍90쓪듺ꆣ헢쿲쫀죋헑쪾ꎬ죧맻쮵얷훞뫏ퟷ훷틥쮼뎱폫헾훆퓚1973쓪랢짺쪯폍캣믺쪱폶떽쇋쫀뷧뺭볃캣믺뗄쳴햽ꎬ쯦횮퓚헻룶70쓪듺뒦폚뗍뎱뗄뮰ꎬ쓇쎴ꎬ헻룶80쓪듺탂놣쫘훷틥뗄웰뻍컞틉훂쪹뫏ퟷ훷틥듯떽ퟮ뗍뗣ꆣ80쓪듺틔펢ꆢ쏀캪쫗뗄놣쫘훷틥헾훆쿆웰뗄쫕쯵짧믡뢣샻맦쒣뗄룄룯샋뎱퓚웤쯼얷훞맺볒닺짺쇋맣랺뗄쪾랶킧펦ꎬ듓뛸췆뚯쇋쯼쏇룷ퟔ뢣샻룄룯뗄뷸돌ꆣ헽죧잰쏦횸돶뗄죰뗤뫍냂뗘샻뗈뫏ퟷ훷틥헾훆퓚80쓪듺ꆰ폒ꆱ뗄맽돌훐쏦뛔살ퟔꆰퟳꆱ엉ꆰ몴컀뢣샻맺볒ꆱ뗄뗖뒥짵훁뾹틩듓뛸떼훂룄룯쫜듬짵훁?헛쓇퇹ꎬ짏쫶얷훞뢣샻맺볒럗럗듓90쓪듺뾪쪼훘컂ꆰ짧믡웵풼ꆱ뗄뻉쏎쿔좻쫇뫏ퟷ훷틥뾪쪼믘뎱뗄튻룶ퟴ횤ꆣ컷랽폟싛룸폨쇋헢퇹뗄움싛ꎺꆰ20쫀볍90쓪듺ꎬ탭뛠릤믡닎폫쇋짧믡뛔뮰ꎬ평폚뷸탐쇋헢벸듎뛔뮰ꎬ39쿞훆릤쮮욽뫍뒴퓬뻍튵믺믡닅좡뗃욽뫢ꆱꆣ 2ꆢ얷훞뫏ퟷ훷틥뗄짺쏼솦 뫏ퟷ훷틥퓚얷훞릤튵뮯맺볒돶쿖쇋믘뎱뗄쏧춷ꎬ짵훁늨벰떽쇋뚫얷튻킩탍맺볒ꎬ헢쮵쏷쇋뫏ퟷ훷틥컞싛ퟷ캪튻훖쮼뎱ꎬ뮹쫇튻훖훆뛈릤뻟ꎬ짵믲튻훖헾훆ꎬ뚼폐튻뚨뗄듦퓚뿕볤ꆣꆰ뗀슷틀삵ꆱ튲뫃ꎬꆰ훆뛈맟탔ꆱ튲냕ꎬ컞틉뚼뿉ퟷ캪뷢쫍웤풭틲뗄훘튪듰낸횮튻ꎻꆰ뢣샻룕탔ꆱ튲뫃ꎬ헾떳릤믡뗄톹솦튲냕ꎬ쿔좻뚼쫇췆뚯뫏ퟷ훷틥헾훆뗄훘튪틲쯘횮튻ꆣ헢뻍ퟔ좻믘떽쇋놾쫩뗚컥헂훐쏗쪲삭쳖싛뗄뢣샻ꆰ늻뿉쓦탔ꆱꎨirreversibility thesisꎩ뫍ꆰ돉쫬싛ꆱꎨmaturity thesisꎩ뗄컊쳢ꆣ쯤좻쏗쪲삭뛔뢣샻맺볒ꆰ늻뿉쓦ꎨirreversibility thesisꎩꆱ뗄싛뗣ퟶ돶쇋8룶랽쏦뻟폐뛀떽40볻뷢뗄움싛 ꎬ떫쫇ꎬ쯻늢캴뛔ꆰ뢣샻맺볒퓚뛌웚쓚쫇늻뿉쓦뗄ꎬ떫짹돆뢣샻맺볒퓚뎤웚튲늻뿉쓦뻍뇘탫튪폐쇭튻훖늻춬뗄췆샭ꆱ뗄뾴램쳡돶틬틩ꎻ쯤좻놾훷틥폫쏱훷훷틥ꆢ놾폫샍릤ꆢ헾뢮폫톡쏱뗈뗈헢킩솽럖램쒣쪽뗄럖컶잰쳡놻죏캪폐킩맽폚볲떥뮯ꎬ떫쫇쯻쏇횮볤뗄쎬뛜뮥뚯맘쾵퓚뿉풤볻떽뗄캴살뿏뚨붫믡돉캪짧믡돥 38 A. Korpi, W.(1983), The Democratic Class Struggle, Routledge, London. B. Stephens, J. D.(1979), The Transition from Capitalism to Socialism, Macmillan, London. C. Esping-Andersen, G. and Korpi, W. (1984) ,Social policy as class politics in post-war capitalism: Scandinavia, Austria and Germany, in J. H. Goldthorpe (ed.), Order and Conflict in Contemporary Capitalism, Oxford University Press, New York. 39 [펢] 뇈뗂ꆤ첩샕ꎨ2001ꎩꎺꆶ죕틦쮥췋뗄릤믡뷸죫폇싇뗄쪱듺ꆷꎬ퓘폚펢맺ꆶ뷰죚쪱놨ꆷꎬ3퓂9죕ꆣ 40 [볓] 쏗쪲삭놾쫩ꎬ닎볻뗚컥헂ꆣ퓚쏗쪲삭뷌쫚뗄헢놾쫩훐ꎬ쯻싞쇐쇋맘폚뢣샻맺볒뗄죽훖맛뗣ꎺ늻뿉쓦뗄맛뗣ꎬ돉쫬탔뗄맛뗣뫍뢣샻뛠풪훷틥뗄맛뗣ꆣ뻍뗚튻룶맛뗣벴뢣샻맺볒ꆰ늻뿉쓦ꆱ뗄맛뗣ꎬ쯻룸돶쇋8룶랽쏦뗄럖컶움싛ꎺꎨ1ꎩꆢ뿉쓦/늻뿉쓦뗄솽럖램쒣쪽늻쓜릫헽뛸쫊떱뗘움에뫍뛔듽탂놣쫘훷틥헾좨쿂뢣샻맺볒뻖늿랢짺뗄뇤뮯뫍뻖늿돶쿖뗄뗟뢲ꆣꎨ2ꎩꆢ죏캪헢룶맛뗣늻쓜힡짧믡뇤룯뗄쳘헷ꎬ쳘뇰쫇듓룶죋짺믮믺믡뫍늻릫헽뗄뷇뛈살뾴뻍룼쫇죧듋ꆣꎨ3ꎩꆢ캬돖ꆰ돤럖뻍튵ꆱ늢캴놻뾴ퟷ쫇짧믡뫏ퟷ훷틥헾좨쯹럮탐뗄헾닟쳘헷뗄튻늿럖ꆣꎨ4ꎩꆢ쯼뫶쫓쇋닆헾헾닟뛔욶삧뫍맺볒뢣샻뗄잰춾닺짺뗄펰쿬ꆣꎨ5ꎩꆢ쯼뗄힢틢솦훷튪벯훐퓚컯훊뗄뫍훆뛈뗄랽쏦ꎬ벴벯훐퓚짧믡쿮쒿뫍짧믡횧돶뗄뇤뮯짏ꎬ뛸뿍맛짏뫶싔쇋틢쪶탎첬닣쏦짏뗄뇤뮯ꆣꎨ6ꎩꆢ헢룶맛뗣퓚뾼달짧믡뇤잨쪱벫짙뾼싇떽퓝쪱뗄뇤뮯ꆣꎨ7ꎩꆢ쯼믹놾짏쎻폐듓뚯첬뗄쫓뷇맛달뢣샻맺볒뗄뇤룯ꎬ샽죧쫕죫럖엤뗄돥춻뗈ꆣꎨ8ꎩꆢ맘폚ꆰ뢣샻맺볒쫇놾훷틥뗄릦쓜탔뇘좻냩쯦컯ꆱ뗄맛뗣ꎬ죏캪퓚헢샯틾몬뗄훘튪뗄쪱볤뿧뛈컊쳢ꎬ벴듓릫릲쳡릩럾컱쿲릦쓜탔쳦듺욷짦벰떽쪱닮벴쪱볤짏훍뫳뗄컊쳢ꎬ샽죧듓맺볒퇸샏뷰쿲웳튵쓪뷰ꆣ헢퇹ꎬ짧믡뢣샻뗄릦쓜뻍쪹뗃짧믡뢣샻쿮쒿퓚뛌웚쓚뇤돉캪쫂쪵짏뗄뇘좻냩쯦컯ꎬ틲듋ꎬ쯼쏇뻍늻쓜퓚튻특횮볤놻럏돽뗴ꆣퟜ횮ꎬ쏗쪲삭뷌쫚죏캪ꎬꆰ늻뿉쓦ꆱ뗄샭싛쎻쓜릫헽움볛뢣샻맺볒70쓪듺훐웚틔살쯹뺭샺뗄탭뛠훘튪뇤뮯ꆣ좻뛸ꎬ헢튻싛뗣뮹쫇폐폃뗄ꎬ벴평폚맺볒뢣샻짨쪩뇭쿖돶뗄샛믽뫍뫏램뮯뗄룷훖릦쓜ꆢ쿠맘뗄볈뗃샻틦ꆢ톡뻙뺺헹뫍쏱훷훆뛈뗈틲쯘ꎬ놾훷틥뗄헢킩뢣샻짨쪩늻뿉쓜놻좫늿럏돽ꎬ퓚뛌웚쓚퓲뿏뚨늻믡놻럏돽ꆣ 14
춻훐훘튪뷇즫뗄뛔솢춳튻뛸늻뿉쳦듺ꎻ쯤좻ꆰ뢣샻맺볒쫇놾훷틥뗄릦쓜탔뇘좻냩쯦컯ꆱ헢퇹뗄뾴램훁짙퓚뫏ퟷ훷틥뗄짏쫶욵웗틇훐뫜쓑뗃떽낸샽짏뗄횧돖ꎬ떫쫇ꎬ돽럇샠쯆1973쓪쪯폍캣믺믲1929쓪듳캣믺헰몳헻룶놾훷틥쫀뷧ꎬ럱퓲ꎬ70ꎭ80쓪듺뗄탂놣쫘훷틥늢쎻폐룹놾뒥뚯뢣샻짧믡뗄훆뛈믹뒡ꆣ훁폚쏗쪲삭쳡떽뗄ꆰ돉쫬싛ꆱꎬ늻맜쯼쫇럱횸쒿잰짧믡횧돶뫍짧믡릫틦뗄쿖폐쮮욽쯆뫵펦룃듺뇭ퟅ퓚뿉풤볻떽뗄캴살죋쏇풤웚뗄짏쿞ꎬ훁짙ꎬꆰ훆뛈뒴탂ꆱ퓚쫀뷧뗄룷룶뷇실랢짺ퟅ죕탂퓂틬뗄뇤뮯ꎬ죋쏇뛔뢣샻훆뛈뗄횸퓰늻췢뫵뮹쫇퓚짧믡횧돶뗄ꆰ뛈ꆱ폫ꆰ솿ꆱꆢ짧믡뢲룇뗄ꆰ킡ꆱ폫ꆰ듳ꆱꆢ짧믡퓰죎뗄ꆰ뛠ꆱ폫ꆰ맑ꆱ뗈벸룶쳘뚨ꆰ돉쫬ꆱ뗄뿲볜횮쓚뛸믲쫇뫴몰ퟅꆰ샇살쇋ꆱ믲쫇컒탐컒쯘ꎬ죋쏇쪼훕쎻폐냚췑퓚ꆰ쫊펦탔ꆱ뫍ꆰ쇩믮탔ꆱ횮볤톰헒뻹뫢뗣뗄훆뛈뿲볜뷡릹ꆣ쫂쪵짏ꎬ놾쫩훐쏗쪲삭쳡떽뗄ꆰ짧믡뢣샻뛠짙틢캶ퟅ컈뚨ꆱ헢룶맛뗣뛠짙틑퓚얷훞맺볒ퟟ십뗆쪽뗄헾떳뺺톡쪱엗돶뗄룙쇬탔돐억폫뺺톡믱쪤뫳뗄ꆰ쪳퇔ꆱ탐캪횮볤뗄뻞듳랴닮쯹폨틔펡횤ꆣ 3ꆢꆰ뗚죽쳵뗀슷ꆱ탍뗄뫏ퟷ훷틥ꎿ 샺쪷뗄훘뢴쫇탽짏짽쪽뗄——헜죋뗄헢뻤쏻퇔춬퇹튲쫊폃폚얷훞캴살뫏ퟷ훷틥헾훆뗄랢햹싟벭ꆣ 쯤좻얷훞뫏ퟷ훷틥뺭쫜힡쇋70쓪듺뺭볃캣믺뫍80쓪듺탂놣쫘훷틥뗄ꆰ뾼퇩ꆱꎬ뢣샻훆뛈뗄듳쿃ꆰ죔췪뫃컞쯰ꆱꎬꆰ뢣샻맺볒늢쎻폐놻탂놣쫘훷틥득믙ꆱꎬ떫쫇ꎬ뇏뺹쯼ꆰ뾪쪼돶쿖쇑러ꎬ놣퇸럑뫍캬돖럑튻횱뒦폚ퟮ뗍쿞뛈ꎬ볒뻣뾪쪼뇤뗃41돂뻉ꆱꆣ훘튪뗄쫇ꎬ틢쪶탎첬짏쫜떽쇋튻듎쾴샱횮뫳ꎬ맘폚뛠횧훹쪽뗄짧믡놣헏쳥쾵폫뢣샻뛠풪훷틥뗄쳖싛뷡맻틑뺭좡뗃릲쪶ꎺ평폚짧믡뢣샻늻뗈춬폚맺볒뢣샻ꎬ쯹틔ꎬ뢣샻맺볒펦룃쿲뢣샻짧믡뇤ꆣ폚쫇ꎬ퓚90쓪듺뫏ퟷ훷틥뻉쏎훘컂횮볊틠벴퓚탂놣쫘훷틥헾뢮럗럗쿂첨듺횮틔짧믡쏱훷떳횴헾횮쪱ꎬꆰ뗚죽쳵뗀슷ꆱ뇣펦퓋뛸짺ꎻ믲돆ꎬ90쓪듺ꆰ뗚죽쳵뗀슷ꆱ뗄떮짺뫍짧믡쏱훷떳뗄짏첨쯆뫵ꆰ뮽믘ꆱ쇋뫏ퟷ훷틥뗄ꆰ폄쇩ꆱꆣ뗚죽쳵뗀슷샭싛볒ꆢ펢맺릤떳쯹훓낮뗄짧믡톧볒낲뚫쓡ꆤ벪뗇쮹죏캪ꎬꆰ뗚죽쳵뗀슷ꆱ횸뗄쫇튻훖쮼캬뿲볜믲헾닟훆뚨뿲볜ꎬ쯼쫔춼쫊펦맽좥42뛾죽쪮쓪살헢룶쳬랭뗘뢲뗄쫀뷧ꆭꆭ뎬풽샏엉뗄짧믡쏱훷훷틥뫍탂ퟔ평훷틥ꆣ평듋뾴살ꎬ쯹캽ꆰ뗚죽쳵뗀슷ꆱ볈럇탂놣쫘훷틥ꎬ튲럇짧믡쏱훷훷틥ꎬ뛸쫇퓚ퟜ뷡맽좥벸쪮쓪쪧냜뗄믹뒡짏뛸뗃돶뗄튻쳗탂뗄헾훎뺭볃샭싛ꎬ뻍쫇쮵ꎬ쯼쫇퓚놾훷틥뿲볜쓚ꆰ뎬풽ꆱ뒫춳뗄ꆰퟳꆱ뫍ꆰ폒ꆱ뗄ꆰ뗚죽쳵뗀슷ꆱꎻ웤믹놾헾닟훷헅쫇볈랴뛔맽뛈뗄맺볒룉풤ꎬ튲늻퓞돉럱뚨맺볒룉풤ꎬ뛸죏캪펦룃룸폨쫊뛈뗄맺볒룉풤ꎻ훷헅헾뢮폫릫쏱훘붨쿠뮥탅죎뗄뫏ퟷ맘쾵ꎬ퓚듳솦랢햹짧쟸붨짨폫짧쟸뷌폽뗄믹뒡짏붨솢ꆰ탂탍쏱훷맺볒ꆱꎻ훷헅볈샻폃쫐뎡뺺헹믺훆폖훘쫓릫릲샻틦ꎬꆰ쎻폐퓰죎뻍쎻폐좨샻ꆱꎬꆰ쎻폐쏱훷뻍쎻폐좨췾ꆱꎻ훷헅늻쯵복짧믡뢣샻ꎬ늻복짙췋택뷰ꆢ쪧튵뷰뫍튽쇆럑ꎬ뗈뗈ꆣ평듋뾴살ꎬ헢룶뿚뫅뛠폚쮼쿫ꆢ몬뫽뛠폚쏷좷ꆢ헛훔뛠폚룶탔ꆢ쓃살뛠폚뒴탂뗄벸뫵냼싞췲쿳뗄ퟔ컒뇭쫶횻늻맽쫇뫏ퟷ훷틥욵웗틇솽뛋횮볤뗄볲떥틆뚯뛸틑ꎻ볈좻퓚컷랽톧헟퇛샯뫏ퟷ훷틥ퟔ짭뚼늻쫇튽훎놾훷틥뇗늡뗄ꆰ췲43쇩떤ꆱꎬ쓇쎴좱랦쮼쿫쾵춳탔뗄ꆰ뗚죽쳵뗀슷ꆱ탍뗄뫏ퟷ훷틥튲뻍돆늻짏쫇쪲쎴탂ꆰ튩랽ꆱ쇋ꆣ쯘폐릤떳쇩믪죋컯횮돆뗄췢붻듳뎼뿢뿋뛔ꆰ뗚죽쳵뗀슷ꆱퟶ쇋헢퇹 41 [볓] 쏗쪲삭놾쫩ꎬ떼싛ꆣ 42 [펢] 낲뚫쓡ꆤ벪뗇쮹ꎨ2000ꎩꎺꆶ뗚죽쳵뗀슷ꎬ짧믡쏱훷훷틥뗄뢴탋ꆷꎬ놱뺩듳톧돶냦짧ꎬ뗚27튳ꆣ 43 [볓] 쏗쪲삭놾쫩ꎬ뗚컥헂ꆣ 15
뗄닻랢뫍?쫍ꎬ쯻쮵ꎬꆰ뗚죽쳵뗀슷ꆱ?웺쇋죶쟐뛻훷틥뗄룶죋훷틥틔벰놣쫘훷틥뛔죋샠놾탔쯹돖폐뗄놯맛훷틥뗄첬뛈ꎬ죏캪쯼볈쟸뇰폚탂ퟔ평훷틥뗄룶죋훷틥헾44훎ꎬ튲늻춬폚틔췹짧믡쏱훷훷틥쯹럮탐뗄뫏ퟷ훷틥뗄믹놾훷헅ꆣ퓚솦춼ퟜ뷡틔췹룷훖헾닟뫍샭싛뗄뺭퇩뷌통ꆢ첽쯷캬뮤놾훷틥뢣샻훆뛈폫뺭볃랢햹뗄ꆰ뗚죽쳵뗀슷ꆱ뗄횸떼쿂ꎬ얷훞뫏ퟷ훷틥헾훆뫎좥뫎듓ꎬ죧뫎쫊펦탂뗄탎쫆뇤뮯뫍싺ퟣ탂뗄짧믡탨쟳ꎬ헢샯듦퓚ퟅ탭뛠늻좷뚨탔틲쯘ꆣ떫뿉틔뿏뚨뗄쫇ꎬ뫏ퟷ훷틥헾훆믲뛠믲짙ퟜ튪캪싺ퟣ췢늿쫀뷧뇤뮯폫뿍맛쳵볾듦퓚뗄튪쟳뛸ퟔ컒뗷헻웤뷡릹뗄믺샭ꎬ헢튻뗣쫇좷뚨뗄ꆣ떱얷훞싵죫21쫀볍쏅볷뗄쪱뫲ꎬ쯼쫗쿈튪쏦뛔뗄쫇좫쟲뮯뗄샋뎱뫍얷훞떥튻믵뇒쳥쾵——얷풪횽뇒뗄랢탐폫쇷춨ꆣ쯼뛔뫏ퟷ훷틥쳡돶쇋탂뗄쳴햽ꆣ놾훷틥헾훆쓚늿뗄뫏ퟷ훷틥틲쯘뗄뗷헻쫆뇘뛔웤뢣샻훆뛈뗄뷡릹뫍뢣샻맺볒뗄쓚몭닺짺훘듳펰쿬ꆣ 컥ꆢ뛔얷훞뫏ퟷ훷틥움볛뗄헹틩 컷랽톧뷧뛔얷훞뫏ퟷ훷틥헾훆뗄헹틩평살틑뻃ꆣ뛔뫏ퟷ훷틥뗄헹싛듓놾훊짏붲쫇뛔얷훞뢣샻맺볒쏼퓋뫍잰춾뗄헹싛ꎬ헢룶헹싛퓧퓚1945쓪놱얷랢짺샍릤퓋뚯뗄쪱뫲뻍틑뺭듦퓚쇋ꎬ늢튻횱퇓탸떽뷱쳬ꆣ20쫀볍80쓪듺ꎬ쫀뷧탔뗄뺭볃쮥췋퓙듎퓚톧뷧틽웰쇋헾닟헹싛ꎬ쯤좻훷헅쫐뎡뗄ퟔ평훷틥쫆솦햼쇋짏럧ꎬ떫쯦횮튲퓙듎틽랢쇋튻뎡맘폚뫏ퟷ훷틥뗄듳뇧싛ꆣ떽쇋90쓪듺뫳웚ꎬ뗂맺뗄뺭볃돶쿖쇋삧쓑ꎬ뿉잡퓚헢룶쪱뫲쏀맺뫍펢맺뗄헾뢮틑뺭캪훐ퟳ엉쯹헆컕ꎬ탂ퟔ평훷틥폖뾪쪼뛔ꆰ뗚죽쳵뗀슷ꆱ돖뮳틉첬뛈ꆣ퓸튻뛈놻죏캪쫇놾훷틥뺭볃웦벣늢뗃떽맣랺췆돧뗄죕놾ꎬ퓚90쓪듺웤뺭볃퓶뎤럅싽쇋쿂살ꎬ늢쟒돶쿖쇋돖탸웟ꆢ냋쓪뗄쿠뛔춣훍뻖쏦ꆣ퓸뗃틦폚죕놾뺭볃랢햹뛸탋췺랱죙뗄뚫퇇뺭볃퓚97쓪랢짺쇋웕뇩뗄뷰죚캣믺횮뫳ꎬ죋쏇폖훘탂뾪쪼뛔얷훞뢣샻쒣쪽뗄쳖싛맘탄웰살ꆣ쯦ퟅ좫쟲뮯뗄늻뛏랢햹ꎬ맘폚뫏ퟷ훷틥헾훆뗄잰춾폫쫊펦탔뗈컊쳢틽웰쇋죋쏇뗄웕뇩맘힢ꆣ 뛔얷훞뫏ퟷ훷틥헾훆뗄헹싛훷튪벯훐퓚ꆰ죽랽훆ꆱ뫏ퟷ뿲볜뗄움볛짏ꎬ뮻뻤뮰쮵ꎬ헹싛붹뗣훷튪벯훐퓚뛔잿듳뗄릤믡쫆솦퓚뢣샻훆뛈훐뗄ퟷ폃뗄움볛짏ꆣ벸쪮쓪틔살ꎬ퓚컞택횹뗄벤쇒싛햽훐ꎬ컷랽톧뷧믹놾짏럖쇑돶쇋솽듳헳펪ꎬ튻엉쫇뛔뫏ퟷ훷틥돖뮳틉첬뛈ꆢ뛔릤믡뗄ퟷ폃돖볡뻶럱뚨첬뛈뗄탂ퟔ평훷틥톧엉ꎬ폫횮뛔솢뗄쫇맛뗣뷘좻쿠랴뗄ꆰ훐ퟳ엉ꆱꆣ 1ꆢ탂ퟔ평훷틥뛔뫏ퟷ훷틥뫍릤믡ퟷ폃뗄럱뚨 맩쓉웰살ꎬ탂ퟔ평훷틥뮳틉뫏ퟷ훷틥뫍볡뻶럱뚨릤믡ퟷ폃뗄싛뗣뗄틀뻝쫇ꎺ 뗚튻ꎬ릤믡쫆솦퇏훘ퟨ낭쇋샍뚯솦쫐뎡뗄떯탔ꆣ퓚탂ퟔ평훷틥뾴살ꎬ릤믡뛔샍뚯솦쫐뎡뗄펰쿬솦뻟폐슢뛏탔ꎬ듓뛸붫믡퓶볓웤믡풱뗄믵뇒릤ꎬ웤뷡맻뇘붫쫇쳡룟웳튵돉놾ꎬ붵뗍웳튵뺺헹솦ꎻ듓뎤웚살뾴ꎬ릤믡퓚헾훎짏쪩볓톹솦뛘듙헾뢮맽뛈뾪횧뫍쳡룟릤붫믡퓶볓춨믵엲헍뗄톹솦ꎬ뛸춨믵엲헍늻뷶믡웆뮵뺺헹솦ꎬ쯼뮹붫랴맽살뷸튻늽쟖쪴릤죋뗄쪵볊쫕죫뫍뢣샻쮮욽ꆣ늼슳억ꎨBrennerꎩ퓚뛔뗂맺48쓪ꎨ냼삨컷뗂ꎩ뗄뺭볃쪷퇐뺿훐랢쿖ꎬ평폚돶뿚쫐뎡뺺헹볓뻧ꎬ샍뚯솦돉놾짽룟ꎬ샻죳뾪쪼쿂붵ꎬ뗂맺뗄훆퓬튵퓚1973쓪훁1979쓪볤뗄ퟜ놾듦솿퓶뎤늻떽60쓪듺 44 ꆶ훐맺뺭볃쪱놨ꆷ1998쓪10퓂9죕ꆣ 16
뫍70쓪듺퓧웚뗄1ꎯ3ꎬ떽80쓪듺ꎬ놾듦솿폖듓1973쓪떽1979쓪뗄쓪뻹2ꎥ쿂붵떽ꎥꎬ놾믽샛싊듓1970쓪뾪쪼붵뗍ꎬ샍뚯짺닺싊퓶뎤쯙뛈돖탸붵뗍ꎬ맺볒45믹뒡훆퓬튵뺺헹쓜솦쫜떽쿷죵ꆣ짺닺튪쯘쫐뎡뗄떯탔ꎨ폈웤쫇샍뚯솦쫐뎡뗄떯탔ꎩ쫇뺺헹뫍퓶뎤뗄맘볼틲쯘ꎬ뛸릤믡쫆솦믹놾짏쯰뮵쇋헢훖떯탔ꆣ뺭볃퓶뎤좡뻶폚뺺헹ꎬ뛸뺺헹퓚뫜듳돌뛈짏좡뻶폚샍뚯솦돉놾ꎻ뛸샍뚯솦돉놾횮쯹틔뻟폐ꆰ룕탔ꆱꎬ헢쫇췪좫평릤믡ퟩ횯퓬돉뗄ꆣ듓헢룶틢틥짏붲ꎬ폐ꆰ떯탔ꆱ뗄샍뚯솦쫐뎡쫇놾믽샛쯹뇘탫뗄튻룶쳵볾ꎬ뷸뛸ꎬ얷훞뢣샻맺볒즥쪧뺺헹솦뗄룹놾풭틲뻍퓚폚샍뚯솦쫐뎡좱랦ꆰ떯탔ꆱꆣ 짵훁뻍솬떣죎맽1993쓪죰뗤뺭볃캣믺퇐뺿캯풱믡훷쾯뗄쇖뗂놴뿋ꎨLindbeckꎩ튲죏캪ꎬ맽뛠뗄뢣샻릩룸뫍잿듳뗄릤솪훷틥쫇떼훂샍뚯솦쫐뎡좱랦떯탔뗄훘튪풭틲ꎻ뺭볃쮥췋폫샍뚯솦쫐뎡뗄ꆰ룕탔ꆱ폐횱뷓뗄솪쾵ꎬ뛸헢훖ꆰ룕탔ꆱ46폖쫇춬릤믡뗄쫆솦폐횱뷓뗄솪쾵ꆣ캪듋ꎬ쯻뫴폵뛔뢣샻훆뛈뷸탐뎹뗗뗘룄룯ꆣ 뗚뛾ꎬ릤믡뗄훜웚탔냕릤믮뚯늻떫뛔샍뚯짺닺싊ꆢ춶뫍벼쫵뒴탂뗈뻟폐웆뮵ퟷ폃ꎬ뛸쟒뛔샍뚯솦쫐뎡뗄뿘훆ퟷ폃튲붫떼훂샍뚯솦튪쯘엤훃얤쟺ꎬ쯹틔ꎬ잿듳뗄릤믡쫆솦뇘붫떼훂짧믡뢣샻횧돶랺샄ꎬퟮ훕웆뮵쇋헻쳥짧믡풴뗄ퟮ폅엤훃ꆣ튲뻍쫇쮵ꎬ릤믡늻뷶쫇쫐뎡좱랦떯탔뗄훷튪훆뛈룹풴뫍쳡짽웳튵맺볊뺺헹솦뗄훘듳헏낭ꎬ춬쪱튲쫇퓬돉짧믡풴뻞듳샋럑뗄룹놾풭틲ꎬ쫇ퟨ낭뺭볃뿉돖탸퓶뎤뗄훘튪틲쯘ꆣ 뗚죽ꎬ릤믡퓋뚯훂쪹릤죋횮볤닺짺늻욽뗈ꎬ폐릤믡뗄웳튵뫍컞릤믡뗄웳튵횮볤ꆢ닎볓릤믡뗄맍풱뫍쎻닎볓릤믡뗄맍풱횮볤ꎬ쯻쏇퓚쫕죫뫍웤쯻뢣샻랽쏦탎돉쇋튻훖짧믡늻욽뗈ꆣ 뗚쯄ꎬ릤믡뗄듦퓚늻샻폚벼쫵뒴탂ꆣ삼뗂췟뛻ꎨLundvallꎩ뗈튻킩퇐뺿ꆰ맺볒뒴탂쳥쾵ꎨNIS., National Innovation System ꎩꆱ뗄톧헟퓚뾼달쇋죰뗤뫍뗂맺뗄뫏ퟷ47훷틥횮뫳죏캪ꎬ평폚쯻쏇뗄짺닺싊헽퓚쿂붵ꎬ뛸맺볊샍뚯솦돉놾퓚죕틦엌짽ꎬ캪놣뮤웤돶뿚쫐뎡럝뛮ꎬ웤훆퓬튵놾퓚샍뚯솦볛룱훰붥짽벶뗄쫐뎡훐헽퓢쫜ퟅ풽살풽뛠뗄삧쓑ꎻ틲듋ꎬ쯻쏇뗄닺튵놾룼샻폚쫊펦뫍뒫능룟탂벼쫵ꎬ뛸늻샻폚벼쫵뒴48탂뫍뒴솢탂릤튵ꎻ쯻쏇룼샻폚훐뗈쮮욽벼쫵짺닺ꎬ뛸늻샻폚룟탂벼쫵짺닺ꆣ 뗚컥ꎬ뮹폐튻훖룼캪벫뛋뗄맛뗣ꎬ죏캪릤믡뇘탫뛔뺭볃늻뺰웸뢺퓰ꆣ쯻쏇틔펢맺캪샽ꎬ죏캪릤믡쫆솦쫇맽좥펢맺뺭볃돉릦뗄훷튪헏낭ꎬ쿷죵릤믡쫆솦쫇뺭볃뢴쯕훁맘훘튪뗄쿈뻶쳵볾ꎬ죧맻쓜릻뎷쿺릤믡ꎬ펢맺ꆰ룏뎬ꆱ뗄헏낭뻍믡복짙ꎬ쿠뛔뗄뺭볃쮥췋뻍믡퓝쪱춣횹ꎬ쓇쪱뻍붫믡톸쯙뗘ꆢ솢룍볻펰뗘믖뢴뎧짌믲맺볒뺺헹솦49ꆣ쇖뗂놴뿋뛔듋튲돖춬퇹뗄뾴램ꎬ쯻죏캪ꎺ맽폚엓듳뗄릤믡쫆솦ꎬ횱뷓웆뮵쇋펢맺돶뿚닺튵뗄뺺헹솦ꎬ뛸릤믡뗄헾훎쫆솦퓲볤뷓뗘웆뮵쇋헢훖뺺헹솦ꆣ퓚쯻쏇뾴 45 Brenner,R. (1998), The Economics of Global Turbulence: A Special Report on the World Economy 1950-1998, New Left Review, 229, May/June, -265 46 Lindbeck,A. et al. (1994), Turning Sweden Round, MIT. 47 맘폚헢킩맺볒뒴탂쳥쾵뗄틬춬뫍쳘헷ꎬ쟫쿪볻횣뇼컄ꎨ1998ꎩꎺꆶ붨짨맺볒뒴탂쳥쾵뗄맘볼틲쯘쫇맺볒ꆪꆪꆰ맺볒뒴탂쳥쾵ꆱ샭싛뗄뺭볃톧럖컶ꆷꎬ퓘폚ꆶ횪쪶뺭볃폫맺볒뒴탂쳥쾵ꆷꎬ뺭볃맜샭돶냦짧ꎬ뗚51-69튳ꆣ 48 Lundvall,B. (1988), National Systems of Innovation: Towards a ‘Theory of Innovation and Interactive Learning, PinterꎻPorter, M.(1990), The Competitive Advantage of Nations, Macmillan, ꆢ380ꎻ 49 Crafts, N. (1993), Was the Thatcher experiment worth it? British Economic Growth in a European Context, in A. Szirmai, Ark and (eds.), Explaining Economic Growth, North Holland Publishers, -350. 17
살ꎬ햽뫳틔살펢맺훆퓬튵춶뗄늻ퟣꆢ짺닺싊뗄뗍쿂ꆢ쮰쫕뗄짏짽뫍헾뢮뗄햮첨룟훾뗈뗈ꎬ뚼쫇릤믡훆퓬싩랳뗄뷡맻ꆣ뛠쫽뷏캪컂뫍뗄ퟔ평훷틥헟죏캪릤믡쫆솦뷶뷶쫇뺭볃늻뺰웸뗄훘튪풭틲횮튻ꎬ돽듋횮췢ꎬ튲뮹폐웤쯻틲쯘펰쿬쇋뺭볃뗄퓶뎤ꆣ 듓틔짏탂ퟔ평훷틥헟뛔릤믡뗄엪믷살뾴ꎬ쯻쏇폫뫏ퟷ훷틥헟횮볤뇧싛뗄붹뗣퓚폚쿷복릤믡쫆솦쫇럱쫇듙뷸뫍믱뗃뺭볃퓶뎤뗄룹놾풭틲ꎬ튲뻍쫇쮵ꎬ뫋탄컊쳢쫇샍릤솦솿뫍맺볊뺺헹솦횮볤쫇럱듦퓚쒳훖쓚퓚맘솪탔ꆣ탂ퟔ평훷틥튻횱죏캪뛾헟횮볤쫇쓑틔뗷뫍뗄ꎬ퓚헢랽쏦쯻쏇폫뫏ퟷ훷틥뗄헾닟맛뗣쫇볢죱뛔솢뗄ꆣ쓇쎴ꎬ폐ꆰ떯탔ꆱ뗄샍뚯솦쫐뎡쫇늻쫇놾믽샛쯹뇘탨뗄튻룶쳵볾ꎿ쏦뛔좫쟲뮯뗄샋뎱ꎬ컾짼튻뗣릤믡좨샻뫍샍뚯놨돪쮮욽폫믱좡뫍놣돖맺볊뺺헹솦뛾헟쿠뇈ꎬ쮭룼캪훘튪쓘ꎿ쯤좻쒿잰ꆰ뗚죽쳵뗀슷ꆱ퓚펢맺틢쪶탎첬짏뒦폚훷떼뗘캻ꎬ떫퓚복짙쪧튵뫍놣돖얷훞샍뚯솦쫐뎡룼뻟떯탔뗄헾닟쒿뇪톡퓱랽쏦ꎬ튲뮹쫇헹싛늻택뗄ꆣ 헫뛔탂ퟔ평훷틥뗄릥믷ꎬ훐ퟳ엉뇈뷏좫쏦뫍쾵춳뗘닻쫶쇋쯻쏇뗄맛뗣ꆣ 2ꆢ훐ퟳ엉솦솿캪뫏ퟷ훷틥뫍릤믡ퟷ폃뗄뇧뮤 죧맻붫햽뫳50뛠쓪뢣샻맺볒샺쪷맽돌ퟷ캪튻룶헻쳥살뾴ꎬ훐ퟳ엉죏캪놾훷틥뗄뫏ퟷ훷틥쒣쪽폐탭뛠뎤뒦ꆣ 뗚튻ꎬ맘폚샍뚯솦쫐뎡ꆰ떯탔ꆱ컊쳢ꆣ탭뛠컷랽톧헟짵훁냼삨튻킩놣쫘훷틥톧50헟벸뫵뚼늻풼뛸춬뗄룸폨쇋헽쏦뗄믘듰ꆣ퓚쯻쏇뾴살ꎬ뾶뾮뗄뢣샻놣헏쳥쾵늻떫릮만쇋췐삭쮹맘쾵ꎬ늢쟒뮹듸살쇋샍뚯솦쫐뎡뗄떯탔ꎻ퓚튻뚨뗄쳵볾쿂ꎬ뷏뫃뗄뢣샻훆뛈쓜릻벤웰샍뚯솦쫐뎡뎤웚뗄떯탔뫍ퟜ쳥짺닺킧맻ꆣ붨솢뻟폐떯탔뗄샍뚯솦쫐뎡뗄맘볼컊쳢쫇샍릤좨샻쓜릻뗃떽놣횤뗄튻헻쳗틔탅폃캪믹뒡뗄샍맘쾵ꎬ뛸릤믡퓚헢랽쏦랢믓쇋늻뿉쳦듺뗄믽벫ퟷ폃ꆣ쎻폐릤믡ꎬ샍뚯솦좨샻뻍뗃늻떽놣헏ꎬ샍맘쾵횮볤뗄탅죎맘쾵뻍붨솢늻웰살ꆣퟷ캪릤믡뫍맍훷횮볤 ꆰ룕탔ꆱ릤뻶뚨쾵춳뗄웵풼ꎬ쯼듯돉뗄릤쮮욽볈룟폚쫐뎡뻶뚨뗄릤쮮욽ꎬ춬쪱폖뗍폚쫐뎡뗄릤뇤뮯돌뛈ꆣ폐뗄톧헟뫍릤믡ퟩ횯죏캪ꎬ릤믡늢쎻폐캪췆뚯릤웰떽뫜듳뗄ퟷ폃ꎬ샽죧ꎬ뗂맺뗄릤믡죏캪ꎬ늻쓜폃볲떥뗄릤뻸뛔쮮욽살뫢솿웤퓶뎤뗄럹뛈ꎬ뛸펦폫웤짺닺싊뗄퓶럹뷸탐뇈뷏ꎬ틔1980쓪캪닎헕ꎬ떽1992쓪ꎬ쯹폐뺭뫏ퟩ횯돉풱맺뗄릤51돉놾퓶뎤쇋%ꎬ뛸뗂맺뷶퓶뎤쇋%ꆣ뷏룟쟒욽뻹뗄릤쮮욽뮹쪹맍훷쏇늻풸틢쯦틢뷢맍릤죋ꎬ뛸쟩풸춨맽퓙춶뛔릤죋뷸탐퓙엠통ꎬ틔놣돖뷏룟뗄샍뚯짺닺싊뫍웳튵뺺헹솦ꆣ엠통훆뛈뗄붨솢쪹릤죋쏇뗃떽쇋뇈쿖쪱짺닺탨튪믲샍뚯솦쫐뎡쯹튪쟳뗄룼룟뗄벼쓜ꎬ듓뛸쪹샍뚯솦놾짭닺짺쇋튻훖ꆰ죡탔ꆱꎬ캪쳡룟웳튵뺺헹솦듲쿂쇋솼뫃뗄믹뒡ꎬ뒴퓬쇋잰쳡쳵볾ꆣ뛸쟒ꎬ믱뗃뻍튵낲좫놣헏뗄릤죋늻뷶뇈뷏죝틗뷓쫜릫쮾뗄엠통ꎬ뛸쟒평듋퓚릫쮾쓚늿펪퓬쇋튻훖솼뫃뗄죋볊맘쾵폫뫏ퟷ웸럕ꆣ뫏ퟷ훷틥헾훆쳵볾쿂웳튵샯뗄벯쳥킭틩뫍릲춬뻶닟쪹릫쮾펵폐쇋뷏룟뗄맍펶컈뚨탔ꆣ캪쇋늹뎥헢튻췢늿룕탔ꎬ릫쮾춨맽훮죧웈쪹릫쮾쓚늿샍뚯솦퓙뗷엤뫍볓잿쓚늿쇷뚯탔살뒴퓬벤샸믺훆틔퓶볓웳튵뗄쇩믮탔ꆣ헽죧폐뗄톧헟쯹쮵뗄ꎬꆰ룟짺닺 50 Crouch,C and Streeck,W(eds), (1997), Political Economy of Modern Capitalism, Sage. Crepaz, .(1992), Corporatism in Decline? An Emperiacal Analysis of the Impact of Corporatism on Macroeconomic Performance and Industrial Disputes in 18 Industrialized Countries, Comparative Political Studies, , , -168. Soskice,D.(1990), Reinterpreting Corporatism and Explaining Unemployment: Co-ordinated and Non-co-ordinated market Economies, in ad C DellArringa(eds), Labour Relations and Economic Performance, Macmillan, -211. 51 [쏀] 쫦뛻듄ꎬBꆤH.ꎨ2001ꎩꎬ ꆶ좫쟲뮯ꆢ춳튻폫뗂맺뢣샻맺볒ꆷꎬ퓘폚ꆶ맺볊짧믡뿆톧퓓횾ꆷꎬ2퓂ꎬ뗚18-1웚ꎬ뗚51튳ꆣ 18
싊ꆢ릤죋좨샻ꆢ떯탔ꆢ릤믡뮯뫍뺭볃뺺헹솦늢늻쫇늻쿠죝뗄ꎬ쯼쏇쪵볊짏뿉틔돉캪52룟퓋탐킧싊짌튵쳥쾵훐룟뛈쿠죝뗄ퟩ돉튪쯘ꆱꆣ 뗚뛾ꎬ릤믡쫆솦쫇뺭볃랢햹훐튻훖훘튪뗄ꆰ폐틦풼쫸ꆱꆣ릤믡뗄듦퓚늻뷶ퟨ횹쇋ꆰ톪몹릤뎧ꆱꎨ릤뗍ꆢ샍뚯쳵볾뛱쇓ꆢ닐뿡냾쿷릤죋ꎩ뗄뛌웚탐캪ꎬ뇜쏢쇋뎧짌뷶뾿뗍릤뫍쳡룟샍뚯잿뛈믱뗃뺺헹솦뗄뿉쓜탔ꎬ뛸쟒뮹폐훺폚탎돉닺튵놾뗄뎤웚뚯솦ꎬ뛘듙맍훷춨맽R&D춶뫍엠통짏뗄춶살펮뗃뺺헹솦ꆣ쯻쏇죏캪ꎬ뺭볃쮥췋뿉틔맩뷡캪릤믡쫆솦틔췢틲쯘ퟷ폃뗄뷡맻ꎬ릤믡쫆솦폫뺭볃퓶뎤늻듦퓚훘튪뗄뇘좻솪쾵ꆣ잡잡쿠랴ꎬퟷ캪튻룶ힷ쟳샍맘쾵좨샻뫍뢣샻듫쪩뗄믺릹ꎬ릤믡ퟩ횯폫뎧짌틑뺭뷡캪튻룶헻쳥ꎬ쯻쏇릲춬돉캪췢늿쫀뷧뗄뺭볃뺺헹훷쳥ꆣ벤뷸뗄뫏ퟷ훷틥헟짵훁뮹죏캪ꎬ닺튵쮥췋뫜뿉쓜쫇릤믡솦솿죵킡뗄풭틲퓬돉뗄ꎻ릤믡뗄잿듳늻뷶폫닺튵돉릦뗄놾믽샛폐맘ꎬ뛸쟒ꎬ잿듳뗄릤믡쫆솦뇘붫떼훂릤쫊뛈뫍쫕죫욽뗈ꎬ듓뛸벤웰닺튵랢햹뗄췆뚯솦ꆣ헢쫇틲캪ꎬ닎볓릤믡뗄릤죋ퟷ캪웳튵뗄듺뇭뫍튻풱ꎬ쯻쏇믡욾뷨ퟔ벺뗄쫆솦펰쿬ꎬ퓚맍풱뫍쯻쏇뗄맜샭죋풱횮볤뒫뗝탅쾢뫍돐억ꎬ듓뛸53폐뿉쓜쪵쿖룼폅뗄풴엤훃ꎬ돉캪킧싊뫍쫕죫욽뗈잿폐솦뗄랢웰헟ꆣ폐뗄뺭볃톧볒뛔햽뫳컷뗂뫏ퟷ훷틥뗄퇐뺿훐ퟜ뷡돶쇋컥훖늻춬뗄ꆰ폐틦풼쫸ꆱꎬ뗃돶뗄뷡싛쫇잿듳뗄릤솪훷틥늢늻튻뚨쫇쪵쿖돉릦뗄놾믽샛뗄헏낭ꎬ죏캪릤믡쫆솦닺짺뗄풼쫸솦늻뷶풼쫸쇋릤죋럅웺뛌웚샻틦좥ힷ쟳룼듳뗄뎤웚샻틦ꎬ뛸쟒뛔맍훷튲닺짺튻훖풼쫸솦ꎬ벴잿훆맍훷퓚뷸탐쯻ퟔ벺뻵뗃폐샻뗄탐캪횮잰ꎬ튪폫릤죋짌솿늢헷뗃릤죋쏇뗄춬틢ꎬ헢뻍쫇릲춬뻶닟ꎻ틲듋뫏ퟷ훷틥뗄폅쫆퓚폚쪹맜샭닣뫍샍뚯솦뚼뻜뻸뫍업돽쇋춶믺훷틥뗄톹솦ꆣ샍맘쾵뗄헢훖훆뛈낲업ꎬ튻냣살쮵쫇퓚탐튵릤믡믲헾뢮룉54풤횮쿂훆뚨돶살뗄ꆣ 뗚죽ꎬ횧돖뫏ퟷ훷틥쇭튻훖싛뗣쫇ꎬ릤믡ퟩ횯뻟폐뫏램뗄짧믡뗘캻살닎폫짧믡뺭볃맜샭쳥훆ꎬ쫇뺭볃퓶뎤뗄뚯솦뛸늻쫇헏낭ꆣ1973쓪쪯폍캣믺틔뫳컷랽톧뷧뾪쪼뛔뫏ퟷ훷틥뷸탐랴쮼ꎬ뛔뫏ퟷ훷틥폫럇뫏ퟷ훷틥뺭볃뺺헹솦뗄폅쇓뷸탐뇈뷏퇐뺿돉캪70-80쓪듺퇐뺿컄쿗훐쳖싛뗄죈뗣뮰쳢ꎬ웤훐탭뛠뫏ퟷ훷틥헟뫍뺭볃톧볒퓚잿뗷펦뛔웤쪵훊탔뗄뷡릹뗷헻뗄춬쪱ꎬ뛔뫏ퟷ훷틥헾훆룸폨쇋뷏캪돤럖뗄뿏뚨ꆣ퓚탭뛠헢샠훸쫶훐ꎬ쯻쏇죏캪ꎬ퓚놾훷틥랢햹뿉릩톡퓱뗄쒣쪽훐ꎬ늻맜쫇퓚벫뛋뗄벴췪좫쫐뎡뮯뗄뺭볃쳵볾쿂뮹쫇퓚쇭튻룶벫뛋벴잿듳뗄뫏ퟷ훷틥헾훆쳵볾쿂ꎬ뚼듦퓚돶쿖솼뫃뺭볃뇭쿖ꎨeconomic performanceꎩ뗄뿉쓜탔ꎻ춨맽뾼달ꎬ쯻쏇랢쿖ꎬ퓚ퟳ엉헾훎짏잿듳뫍릤믡퓋뚯쿠뛔벯훐춳튻뗄뗘랽ꎬ튻냣살쮵ꎬ쓇샯뗄뺭볃뇭쿖뻍튪쿠뛔뫃튻킩ꎬ뮻뻤뮰쮵ꎬ뫏ퟷ훷틥폫맺볒뺺헹솦횮볤뻟폐쒳훖헽쿠맘맘쾵ꆣ쯻쏇죏캪ꎬ잿듳뗄릤믡쫆솦틑뺭폫튻쾵쇐맣랺뗄뺭볃뫍짧믡훆뛈뷡릹뷡캪튻쳥ꎬ쯹틔ꎬ뫏ퟷ훷틥헾훆쫇뢻폐뺺헹솦뗄ꎬ벴잿듳릤솪훷틥횧돖뗄뢣샻맺볒폫짧믡맜샭럑폃뷏뗍 52 Michel,L. and Voos, .(eds) (1992), Unions and Economic Competitiveness. , . 53 Freeman,. and Medoff, . (1984), What Do Union Do? Basic Books, . 54 Streek, W. (1992), Social Institutions and Economic Performandce, Sage,-34. Benficial Constraints: On the Economic Limits of Rational Voluntarism, in and (eds), (1997), Contemporary Capitalism: The Embeddedness of Institutions, Cambridge University Press, -219. 19
55뗄맺볒쿠뇈쫇뢻폐뺺헹솦뗄ꆣ짵훁폐죋뛏퇔ꎬ랲쫇뢣샻훆뛈뇈뷏돉릦뗄맺볒벸뫵56뚼쫇ꆰ뫏ퟷ훷틥ꆱ믲ꆰ죽랽훷틥ꆱ룣뗃뇈뷏뫃뗄뗘랽ꆣ 폐뗄톧헟횸돶뢣샻맺볒뗄쟩뿶튲늻췪좫튻퇹ꎬ쯼쏇퓚뺺헹솦뫍퓶뎤싊랽쏦튲듦퓚ퟅ닮틬ꎬ늢럇좫뚼늻탐ꎬ떫ퟜ뗄살뾴뢣샻뾪횧뗄뢺쏦펰쿬놻뿤듳쇋ꎬ웰싫헢훖뢺57쏦펰쿬늻쫇뗚튻캻뗄ꆣ탂ퟔ평훷틥죏캪릤믡뫏램뗘캻뗄듦퓚쫇뢣샻횧돶늻뛏엲헍뗄훘튪풭틲횮튻ꎬ쯹틔ꎬ쯻쏇튪쟳릤믡ퟶ돶릤컾짼뫍복짙맍풱좨샻뚼쫇틔놣뮤뺺헹솦뗄쏻틥뷸탐뗄ꆣ좻뛸OECD뗄튻럝놨룦횤쏷ꎬꆰ뷏뗍뗄샍뚯뇪ힼ뛔폚뛔췢뺭58볃뺺헹쓜솦폫췢쎳뷡쯣뫁컞훘듳펰쿬ꆣꆱ뮹폐뗄톧헟뫴폵튪헽좷샭뷢뫏ퟷ훷틥헾훆폫뺭볃퓶뎤싊횮볤뗄맘쾵ꎬ틲캪늻맜퓚ퟩ횯짏뮹쫇퓚헾훎짏ꎬ잿듳뗄샍릤퓋뚯뚼폐뿉쓜믡돉캪뺭볃랢햹뗄훘튪췆뚯틲쯘ꎬ듸살뷏뿬뗄쫕죫퓶뎤뫍쿠뛔욽뻹뗄쫕죫럖59엤ꆣ샽죧ꎬ쏀맺뾵쓹뗒룱훝맾쳘뢣뗂쫐죽튻톧풺쫦뛻듄뷌쫚ퟶ맽헢퇹뗄춳볆ꎺ뗂맺퓚돶뿚랽쏦쯤좻짔톷즫폚쏀맺ꎬ떫좴튻횱잿폚죕놾ꎬ8200췲뗂맺죋짺닺뗄돶뿚닺욷벸뫵폫틚쏀맺죋튻퇹뛠ꎬ튲뻍쫇쮵ꎬ 내죋뻹볆쯣ꎬ뗂맺쫇쫀뷧짏ퟮ돉릦뗄짌욷돶뿚맺ꎬꆰ뗂맺퓬ꆱ짌욷틀좻놣돖ퟅ뺺헹솦ꆣ뻝듋ꎬ뛔뗂맺릤튵뺺헹솦뎤풶잰뺰뗄뾴램ꎬ뗂맺릤믡죏캪헾뢮뫍웳튵룟닣뷧폐쪧컳ꎬ잰헟뗄듭컳퓚폚ꆰ쎻폐튻쳗췪헻뗄닺튵헾닟ꎬ뛸쟒퓚훺룟뿆벼퇐뺿뾪랢랽쏦맽폚쇟쾧ꆱꎬ뛸뫳헟뗄듭컳퓚폚ꆰ틔좨췾훷틥첬뛈뛔듽릤죋ꎬퟩ횯뷡릹웕뇩붩뮯ꎬ맊늽ퟔ럢ꎬ늻풸쎰쿕ꆣ틲듋ꎬ퓚릤믡뾴살ꎬ늻쫇릤죋뷗벶ꎬ뛸쫇뗂맺뗄맜샭죋풱좱랦뇘튪뗄쯘훊ꎬ닅쪹뗃뗂맺릤튵60컞램퓚톸쯙뇤뮯뗄좫쟲뮯뮷뺳훐좷놣뎤뻃뗄뺺헹솦ꆣꆱ 뿂듄ꎨCoatesꎩ뗄맛뗣뻟폐튻뚨듺뇭탔ꎬ퓚쯻뾴살ꎬퟷ캪튻훖뷸늽뗄놾훷틥쒣쪽ꎬ컷얷뗄ꆰ뫏ퟷ훷틥ꆱ헽쏦쇙ퟅ풽살풽퇏훘뗄췾킲ꆣퟷ캪튻훖쒣쪽ꎬ쯼뻟폐쿠떱뛠뗄쓚퓚폅뗣ꎬ쯆뫵쓜늻뛏닺짺돶ꆰ뺭볃퓋탐솼뫃ꆱ뗄랶샽ꆣ퓚1997쓪훁1998쓪ꎬ헢랽쏦뇭쿖ퟮ뫃뗄쫇뫉삼뫍떤싳ꆣ쯻춨맽뛔햽뫳틔살뫏ퟷ훷틥냫룶쫀볍뗄랢햹샺돌뗄퇐뺿ꎬ캪 ꆰ뫏ퟷ훷틥ꆱ쒣쪽ퟜ뷡돶쇋훁짙솽뗣뎤뒦ꎺ 뗚튻ꎬ횱떽90쓪듺ꎬ훁짙퓚죰뗤뫍컷뗂ꎬퟷ캪놾훷틥ꆰ뫏ퟷ훷틥ꆱ뗄뗤탍듺뇭ꎬ쯼쏇좷쪵붫놣뮤릤죋뗄튻쾵쇐좨샻럅퓚쇋뫋탄캻훃ꎬ늢돉릦뗘붫놣뮤릤죋좨샻ꎨ쪵볊쫇훜웚탔삩헅ꎩ춬돖탸뗄뺭볃퓶뎤뫍짺믮쮮ힼ뗄웕뇩쳡룟뷡뫏쇋웰살ꎻ웤샍뚯뫍뢣샻솢램뗄쳘탔폫룷ퟔ뗄뺭볃틔벰폫쿠맘뗄룟뛈짧믡랢햹쫇쿠쫊펦뗄ꆣ죧맻듓짧믡뺭볃횸뇪ꎨ뇈죧릤ퟷ쪱볤ꆢ샍뚯놣쿕ꆢ퓙엠통좨샻ꆢ뢣샻릩룸ꆢ쫕죫욽뗈ꎬ틔벰릤죋뷗벶뗄릺싲솦ꎩ뗈튻킩뿉뇈뗄뷇뛈뾴ꎬ햽뫳죰뗤뫍뗂맺좡뗃뗄돉벨쫇쿔훸뗄ꆣ뗚뛾ꎬ뛔헢킩훷튪뫏ퟷ훷틥맺볒뷸탐짮죫웊컶ꎬ컒쏇뇘탫돐죏웤쓜솦ꎬ벴퓚놾맺볊뮯볓쯙횮잰ꎬ쯼쏇뻍돉릦뗘붫놣뮤릤죋좨샻뫍캬돖뺭볃퓶뎤뷴쏜뷡뫏웰살ꎬ붫놾믽샛뫍맺볊뺺61헹탔릫쮾볤뗄솪뫏뷡뫏웰살ꆣ쫦뛻듄뷌쫚캪듋ퟶ쇋ퟮ뫃뗄뷅힢ꎬ쯽죏캪ꎬ솽뗂춳 55 Soskice, D. (1990), Reinterpreting Corporatism and Explaining Unemployment: Co-ordinated and Non-co-ordinated market Economies, in ad C DellArringa(eds), Labour Relations and Economic Performance, Macmillan, -211. 56 Pierson, C.(1991), Beyond the Welfare State, Polity Press, Combridge, P. 5. 57 Kenworthy,L. (1995), In Search of National Economic Success:Balancing Competition and Cooperation, Sage. 58 틽ퟔ샯쮹놾킡ퟩꎨ2000ꎩꎺꆶ뺺헹뗄벫쿞ꆪꆪ뺭볃좫쟲뮯폫죋샠뗄캴살ꆷꎬ훐퇫뇠틫돶냦짧ꎬ뗚65튳ꆣ 59 Hicks,A. (1988), Social Democratic Corporatism and Growth, Journal of Politics, vol., 50, , -704. 60 [쏀] 쫦뛻듄ꎬBꆤH.ꎨ2001ꎩꎬ ꆶ좫쟲뮯ꆢ춳튻폫뗂맺뢣샻맺볒ꆷꎬ퓘폚ꆶ맺볊짧믡뿆톧퓓횾ꆷꎬ2퓂ꎬ뗚18-1웚ꎬ뗚51-52튳ꆣ 61 [펢] 듷캬ꆤ뿂듄ꎨ2001ꎩꎺꆶ놾훷틥뗄쒣쪽ꆷꎬ붭쯕죋쏱돶냦짧ꎬ뗚277-279튳ꆣ 20
튻횮뫳ꎬ냑뛮췢뗄300뛠췲췋택죋풱춻좻쓉죫떽맺볒뗄퇸샏뷲쳹쳥쾵ꎬ폖캪100뛠췲쪧튵헟랢럅뻈볃ꎬ죧듋뻞듳뗄뾪횧쫇죎뫎튻룶쮽펪뗄짧믡놣헏쳥쾵뚼늻쓜돐쫜뗃웰뗄ꆣ쎻폐헢룶뢣샻쳥쾵ꎬ뫜쓑쿫쿳뚫뗂믡돶쿖쪲쎴쟩뿶ꆣ듓헢룶틢틥짏붲ꎬꆰ컞싛뛔쏱훷훆뛈뗄붨짨ꎬ뮹쫇뛔춳튻뫳뗄짧믡낲뚨ꎬ짧믡뢣샻맺볒뗄릱쿗뚼쫇벫웤뻞62듳뗄ꆣꆱ 훷튪닎뾼컄쿗ꎺ [펢]낲뚫쓡ꆤ벪뗇쮹ꎨ2000쓪ꎩꎺꆶ뗚죽쳵뗀슷ꎬ짧믡쏱훷훷틥뗄뢴탋ꆷꎬ놱뺩듳톧돶냦짧ꆣ [냄]낲룪 돂엥뮪(2001쓪)ꎺꆶ훐맺ꎬퟩ뫏훷틥벰뚫퇇쒣쪽ꆷꎬ퓘폚ꆶ햽싔폫맜샭ꆷꎬ뗚1웚ꎬ뗚52-60튳ꆣ [펢] 듷캬ꆤ뿂듄ꎨ2001쓪ꎩꎺꆶ놾훷틥뗄쒣쪽ꆷꎬ붭쯕죋쏱돶냦짧ꆣ ꆶ뗂맺듳훚뒴퓬좫탂뻍튵쒣쪽ꆷꎬ퓘폚ꆶ뺭볃닎뾼놨ꆷꎬ2001쓪8퓂31죕ꎬ뗚3냦ꆣ 맺볊샍릤뻖ꆤ죕쓚췟ꎨ2001쓪ꎩꎺꆶ2000쓪쫀뷧샍뚯놨룦ꎺ뇤뮯쫀뷧훐뗄쫕죫놣헏뫍짧믡놣뮤ꆷꎬ훐맺샍뚯짧믡놣헏돶냦짧ꆣ [쏀]믴뮪뗂ꆤ뷲뛷ꎨ2000쓪ꎩꎺꆶ쏀맺죋쏱뗄샺쪷ꆷꎬ짏몣죋쏱돶냦짧ꆣ [쏀]믴늼쮹놫쒷ꎨ1999쓪ꎩꎺꆶ벫뛋뗄쓪듺ꆷꎬ붭쯕죋쏱돶냦짧ꎬ횣쏷?틫ꆣ 붪쇐쟠ꎨ2001쓪ꎩꎺꆶ뛭싞쮹릤믡죋쪿첸떱뷱쫀뷧짏뗄벸샠짧믡쒣쪽벰웤릤믡ꆷꎬ퓘폚ꆶ맺췢샭싛뚯첬ꆷꎬ뗚3웚ꆣ 붪쇐쟠ꎨ2001쓪ꎩꎺꆶ뛭싞쮹캧죆훆뚨탂샍뚯램뗤뗄뚷헹ꆷꎬ퓘폚ꆶ맺췢샭싛뚯첬ꆷꎬ뗚5웚ꆣ 뾵쿾맢ꎺꆶ헯뛏훐맺뗄탐튵킭믡ꆷꎬ닎볻 뾵쿾맢ꎺꆶ탍쪱웚뗄훐맺짧췅ꆷꎬ볻 쇸폀쏷ꎨ2001쓪ꎩꎺꆶ뾪럅뺭볃폫얷훞뗄뷴쯵탔뺭볃헾닟ꆷꎬ퓘폚ꆶ쫀뷧뺭볃ꆷꎬ3퓂ꎬ뗚21ꎭ28튳ꆣ [쏀]싞늮쳘Dꆤ엁쳘쓏ꎨ2001쓪ꎩꎺꆶ쪹쏱훷퓋웰살ꆷꎬ붭컷죋쏱돶냦짧ꆣ ퟔ샯쮹놾킡ퟩꎨ2000쓪ꎩꎺꆶ뺺헹뗄벫쿞ꆪꆪ뺭볃좫쟲뮯폫죋샠뗄캴살ꆷꎬ훐퇫뇠틫돶냦ꆣ ꆶ샍릤쫀뷧ꆷꎨ2001쓪ꎩꎬ훐맺샍뚯짧믡놣헏돶냦짧ꎬ뗚8웚ꆣ [램]쏗킪뛻ꆤ낢뛻놴뛻ꎨ1999쓪ꎩꎺꆶ놾훷틥랴뛔놾훷틥ꆷꎬ짧믡뿆톧컄쿗돶냦짧ꆣ 풪싗ꎨ2000쓪ꎩꎺꆶ2001쓪ꎭ2005쓪ꎺ뗂맺뗄쮰쫕룄룯ꆷꎬ퓘폚ꆶ훐맺룄룯놨ꆷꎬ9퓂20죕ꎬ뗚8냦ꆣ 62 [쏀] 쫦뛻듄ꎬBꆤH.ꎨ2001ꎩꎬ ꆶ좫쟲뮯ꆢ춳튻폫뗂맺뢣샻맺볒ꆷꎬ퓘폚ꆶ맺볊짧믡뿆톧퓓횾ꆷꎬ2퓂ꎬ뗚18-1웚ꎬ뗚53튳ꆣ 21
[쏀]쫦뛻듄ꎬBꆤH.ꎨ2001쓪ꎩꎬ ꆶ좫쟲뮯ꆢ춳튻폫뗂맺뢣샻맺볒ꆷꎬ퓘폚ꆶ맺볊짧믡뿆톧퓓횾ꆷꎬ2퓂ꎬ뗚18-1웚ꆣ 짐쿾풮ꎨ2001쓪ꎩꎺꆶꆰ짧믡뢣샻ꆱ폫ꆰ짧믡놣헏ꆱ뗄퓚죏쪶ꆷ퓘폚ꆶ훐맺짧믡뿆톧ꆷꎬ뗚3웚ꆣ 쯯솢욽ꎺꆶ쿲쫐뎡뺭볃맽뛉맽돌훐뗄맺볒ퟔ훷탔ꆷꎬ볻 헅뺲ꎨ1998쓪ꎩꎺꆶ램췅훷틥ꆷꎬ훐맺짧믡뿆톧돶냦짧ꆣ 훜뫫ꎨ2001쓪ꎩꎺꆶ뢣샻맺볒쿲뫎뒦좥ꆷꎬ퓘폚ꆶ훐맺짧믡뿆톧ꆷꎬ뗚3웚ꆣ 횣뇼컄ꎺꎨ1ꎩꎮꆶ튻쓪살얷훞훷튪맺볒뢣샻룄룯탂뚯쿲ꆷꎬ퓘폚ꆶ죋쏱싛첳ꆷꎨ죋쏱죕놨짧샭싛늿훷냬ꎩꎬ2001쓪뗚8웚ꆣꎨ2ꎩꎮꆶ얷훞맺볒뢣샻룄룯탂뚯쿲ꆷꎬ퓘폚ꆶ뺭볃죕놨ꆷꎬ2001쓪8퓂20죕ꎬ뗚7냦ꆣ(3)ꎮꆶ램맺짧믡놣헏룄룯뗄탂뚯쿲––––늻뛏퓶볓뢣샻쿮쒿ꎬ듳럹쳡룟뢣샻뇪ힼꆷꎬ퓘폚ꆶ훐맺짧믡놣헏ꆷꎬ2000쓪뗚12웚ꎻ(4)ꎮꆶ튻쓪살얷훞훷튪맺볒뢣샻룄룯탂뚯쿲ퟛ쫶ꎨ짏ꎩꆷꎬ퓘폚ꆶ훐맺뺭쎳떼뾯ꆷꎬ2001쓪ꎬ뗚17웚ꎬ뗚41-42튳ꆣ (5).ꆶ튻쓪살얷훞훷튪맺볒뢣샻룄룯탂뚯쿲ퟛ쫶ꎨ쿂ꎩꆷꎬ 퓘폚ꆶ훐맺뺭쎳떼뾯ꆷꎬ2001쓪ꎬ뗚18웚ꎬ뗚41-43튳ꆣ Crafts, N. (1993), Was the Thatcher experiment worth it? British Economic Growth in a European Context, in A. Szirmai, Ark and (eds.), Explaining Economic Growth, North Holland Publishers Crouch,C and Streeck,W(eds), (1997), Political Economy of Modern Capitalism, Sage. Crepaz, .(1992), Corporatism in Decline? An Emperiacal Analysis of the Impact of Corporatism on Macroeconomic Performance and Industrial Disputes in 18 Industrialized Countries, Comparative Political Studies, , , -168. Colin Crouch and Ronald Dore, (1990), Whatever Happened to Corporatism? In Colin Crouch and Ronald Dore eds. Corporatism and Accountability: Organized Interest in British Public Life. Oxford, Clarendon Press. Esping-Andersen, G. (1990), The Three Worlds of Welfare Capitalism, Polity Press. Garrett, G.(1998) ,Partisan Politics in the Global Economy, Cambridge. University Press. Hicks, A. (1988), Social Democratic Corporatism and Growth, Journal of Politics, vol., 50, , -704. Hutton, W. (1995), The State We’re In, London, Jonathan Cape. King, .( 1987), The New Right, London Macmillan. Korpi, W.(1983), The Democratic Class Struggle, Routledge, London. Lash, S and Urry, J. (1987), The End of Organized Capitalism, Policy Press, Cambridge. Gould, A.(1993), Capitalist Welfare System: A Comparison of Japan, Britain & Sweden. Longmen Group UK Limited. Ian Goughꎨ1995ꎩ: ꆶ뢣샻맺볒뗄헾훎뺭볃톧ꆷꎬ뻞쇷춼쫩릫쮾ꆣ Mishra, R.(1999), Globalization and the Welfare State, Edward Elgar. Panitch, Fred C.(1980), Recent Theorizing of Corporatism: Reflections on a Growth Industry, British Journal of Sociology, 31: p. 159-187. 22
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