∗듳톧짺ퟔ풸탔쪧튵뗄뺭볃톧럖컶 컢뿋쏷 ꎨ놱뺩쪦랶듳톧뷌폽뺭볃폫맜샭튵늩쪿짺ꎩ 쓚죝햪튪 놾컄퓋폃뛾풪샍뚯솦쫐뎡샭싛ꆢ횰튵쯑톰샭싛뫍놣쇴릤샭싛뛔컒맺떱잰뗄듳톧짺뻍튵훐뗄ퟔ풸탔쪧튵쿖쿳뷸탐쇋짮죫럖컶ꎬ죏캪듳톧짺ퟔ풸탔쪧튵웤쪵쫇튻훖샭탔톡퓱ꎬ뷢뻶ퟔ풸탔쪧튵컊쳢늻쓜뷶뷶춨맽탻뒫틽떼듳톧짺붵뗍뻍튵웚췻횵ꎬ뛸펦룼뛠뗘랢믓쫐뎡믺훆뗄ퟷ폃ꆣ 맘볼듊 듳톧짺ퟔ풸탔쪧튵 뛾풪샍뚯솦쫐뎡 횰튵쯑톰 놣쇴릤 샭탔톡퓱 뷼벸쓪틔살ꎬ컒맺듳톧짺쪧튵쿖쿳돉캪늻헹뗄쫂쪵ꎬ늢쟒틑뺭돉캪죋쏇쳖싛뗄죈뗣뮰쳢ꎬ떫쫇쿊볻듓ퟔ풸탔쪧튵뗄뷇뛈뷸탐첽쳖ꆣ쓇쎴ꎬ퓚듳톧짺쪧튵쿖쿳훐ꎬ쫇럱듦퓚ퟔ풸탔쪧튵쿖쿳ꎿ죧맻듦퓚ꎬ놳뫳뗄풭틲쫇쪲쎴ꎿ컒쏇룃닉좡쪲쎴뛔닟ꎿ놾컄쓢뛔헢킩컊쳢뷸탐럖컶ꆣ 튻 ퟔ풸탔쪧튵뗄뷧뚨 ퟔ풸탔쪧튵쫇튻훖쳘쫢뗄쪧튵쿖쿳ꎬ퓚뷧뚨ퟔ풸탔쪧튵횮잰ꎬ죃컒쏇쫗쿈뷧뚨쪧튵뫍뻍튵뗄몬틥ꆣ룹뻝맺볊샍릤뻖뗄뚨틥ꎬ뻍튵쫇횸튻뚨쓪쇤뷗뛎쓚죋쏇쯹듓쫂뗄캪믱좡믲캪좡샻죳쯹뷸탐뗄믮뚯ꎬ쪧튵쫇뻍튵뗄뛔돆ꎬ쪧튵횸뗄쫇폐샍뚯쓜솦늢풸틢뻍튵뗄샍뚯헟헒늻떽릤ퟷ헢튻짧믡쿖쿳ꎬ웤쪵훊쫇샍뚯헟늻쓜폫짺닺쇏쿠뷡뫏뷸탐짧믡닆뢻뗄뒴퓬ꎬ쫇튻훖뺭볃풴뗄샋럑ꆣ룹뻝헢튻뚨틥ꎬ쪧튵헟뇘탫뻟놸죽룶쳵볾ꎺꎨ1ꎩ폐샍뚯쓜솦ꎻꎨ2ꎩ풸틢뻍튵ꎻꎨ3ꎩ쎻폐릤ퟷꆣ듓쪧튵헟뗄뗚뛾룶쳵볾살뾴ꎬ쯆뫵늻듦퓚ퟔ풸탔쪧튵ꎬ웤쪵늻좻ꆣ틲캪퓚쪧튵헟떱훐듦퓚헢퇹튻늿럖죋ꎬ쯻쏇풸틢릤ퟷꎬ뻟놸샍뚯쓜솦ꎬ늢쟒튲펵폐릤ퟷ믺믡ꎬ떫쫇뛔폚틑폐뗄릤ퟷ믺믡늻싺틢ꎬ폚쫇쓾풸퓝쪱톡퓱쪧튵ꎬ듓쯻쏇훷뚯톡퓱쪧튵뗄뷇뛈뾴ꎬ뿉틔붫쯻쏇뷧뚨캪ퟔ풸탔쪧튵헟ꆣ헢퇹ꎬ컒쏇냑ퟔ풸탔쪧튵뷧뚨캪튻훖늻싺틢폚틑폐릤ퟷ믺믡 ∗놾컄쫇좫맺뷌폽뿆톧ꆰ쪮컥ꆱ맦뮮훘뗣뿎쳢ꆰ듳톧뇏튵짺뻍튵컊쳢퇐뺿ꆱꎨBFA010072ꎩꆢ뷌폽늿죋컄짧믡뿆톧퇐뺿ꆰ쪮컥ꆱ맦뮮뿎쳢ꆰ컒맺듳톧뇏튵짺뻍튵컊쳢퇐뺿(01JB880005),뫍맺볒ퟔ좻뿆톧믹뷰훘뗣쿮쒿ꆰ훐맺죋솦놾춶폫샍뚯솦쫐뎡맜샭퇐뺿ꆱ(NSFYA02002)뗄ퟓ뿎쳢ꆰ뷌폽폫샍뚯솦뗄쿎뷓폫뮥뚯ꆱ뗄뷗뛎탔돉맻ꆣ ퟷ헟볲뷩ꎺ삵뗂쪤ꎨ1966ꎭꎩꎬ쓐ꎬ붭컷죋ꎬ놱뺩쪦랶듳톧뺭볃톧풺뷌쫚ꎬ늩쪿짺떼쪦ꎬ퇐뺿쇬폲캪뷌폽뺭볃톧ꆢ뷌폽폫샍뚯솦쫐뎡맘쾵ꆣ컢뿋쏷ꎨ1974ꎭꎩ쓐ꎬ뫾놱죋ꎬ놱뺩쪦랶듳톧뺭볃톧풺2003벶늩쪿짺ꎬ몼훝쪦랶톧풺뷌폽쾵붲쪦ꎬ퇐뺿쇬폲캪뷌폽뺭볃톧ꆢ샍뚯뺭볃톧ꆣ
뛸볌탸톰헒릤ퟷ뗄쪧튵쿖쿳ꆣ 탨튪횸돶뗄쫇ꎬퟔ풸탔쪧튵헟늻춬폚ퟔ풸탔늻뻍튵헟ꆣ잰헟풸틢릤ퟷ늢쟒폐릤ퟷ믺믡ꎬ횻쫇뛔틑폐뗄릤ퟷ믺믡늻싺틢뛸퓝쪱늻릤ퟷꎬ뫳헟퓲늻풸틢릤ퟷꎬ뛸늻맜쫇럱폐릤ퟷ믺믡ꆣ[1]헢튻늿럖늻돆캪쪧튵헟ꎬ늻볆죫샍뚯솦죋뿚랶캧ꎬ죧ퟔ풸쇴퓚볒샯뗄볒춥뢾얮틔벰늿럖룉[2]든늻뻍튵뗄듳톧뇏튵짺ꆣ 내헕ퟔ풸탔쪧튵뗄뚨틥ꎬ컒쏇뿎쳢ퟩ뷸탐뗄ꆰ2002쓪듳톧뇏튵짺뻍튵틢쿲폫뻍튵탐캪컊뻭뗷닩ꆱ뷡맻랢쿖ꎬ2002쓪듳톧짺ퟔ풸탔쪧튵뇈샽듳풼캪20ꎥꆣ헢쮵쏷ꎬ떱잰듳톧짺ퟔ풸탔쪧튵늻뷶듦퓚ꎬ뛸쟒돌뛈늢늻뗍ꆣퟷ캪튻룶샭탔뗄뺭볃죋ꎬ죋쏇뚼얬솦쪵쿖웤탐캪뗄풤웚쫕틦ퟮ듳뮯ꎬ듳톧짺ퟔ풸톡퓱쪧튵뗄놳뫳튻뚨틾님ퟅ쒳훖잱퓚뗄쫕틦ꆣ죧맻쫂쪵튲헽쫇죧듋ꎬ쓇쎴ꎬ헢킩잱퓚쫕틦쫇쪲쎴쓘ꎿ믲헟쮵ꎬ듳톧짺ퟔ풸탔쪧튵뗄풭틲쫇쪲쎴ꎿ쿂쏦럖뇰폃뛾풪샍뚯솦쫐뎡샭싛ꆢ횰튵쯑톰샭싛뫍놣쇴릤샭싛뷸탐닻쫍ꆣ 뛾 뛾풪샍뚯솦쫐뎡샭싛폫듳톧짺ퟔ풸탔쪧튵 뛾풪샍뚯솦쫐뎡샭싛ퟮ쿈쫇평욤냂샯ꎨꎩ퓚1970쓪쳡돶ꎬ룃샭싛죏캪ꎬ헻룶짧믡뗄샍뚯솦쫐뎡뿉틔뷸튻늽뮮럖캪뗚튻샍뚯솦쫐뎡뫍뗚뛾샍뚯솦쫐뎡ꆣ뗚튻쫐뎡뗄릤뷏룟ꎬ샍뚯쳵볾뷏뫃ꎬ릤ퟷ룚캻뷏폐놣헏뫍횰튵잰뺰뷏쏀뫃ꎻ뗚뛾쫐뎡뗄릤뷏뗍ꎬ릤ퟷ쳵볾닮ꎬ릤ퟷ뻟폐늻컈뚨탔뫍퓝쪱탔ꆣ퓚뗚튻샍뚯솦쫐뎡쟳횰뗄췹췹쫇돶짭폚뢻풣볒춥ꆢ쫜맽솼뫃뷌폽뗄샍뚯헟ꎻ퓚뗚뛾샍뚯솦쫐뎡쟳횰뗄췹췹쫇틆쏱ꆢ쓪쟡죋ꆢ뢾얮샍뚯헟뗈ꆣ늢쟒헢솽룶샍뚯솦쫐뎡뗄뻍횰헟쿠뮥쇷뚯쫇뇈뷏삧쓑뗄ꆣ튻냣살쮵ꎬ뗚튻샍뚯솦쫐뎡뗄쟳횰헟늻풸틢[3]맢맋뗚뛾샍뚯솦쫐뎡ꎬ뛸뗚뛾샍뚯솦쫐뎡뗄쟳횰헟룹놾컞램뷸죫뗚튻샍뚯솦쫐뎡ꆣ뿉볻ꎬ솽훖샍뚯솦쫐뎡듦퓚뷏잿뗄럖룮탔ꎬ떱뗚튻샍뚯솦쫐뎡쟳횰헟릩룸맽쪣쪱ꎬ죧맻뗚튻쫐뎡뗄쪧튵헟풸틢뷸죫뗚뛾쫐뎡ꎬ튻냣살쮵쯻쏇쓜릻뇈뷏죝틗뗄헒떽릤ퟷꆣ떫쫇ꎬ죧맻쯻쏇늻풸틢뷓쫜뗚뛾샍뚯솦쫐뎡뗄뗍릤뫍뷏닮뗄샍뚯쳵볾ꎬ쯻쏇뻍횻폐뒦폚쪧튵ힴ첬ꎬ퓚헢룶틢틥짏쮵ꎬ쯻쏇쫇ퟔ풸탔쪧튵헟ꆣ 룹뻝헢튻샭싛ꎬ듳톧짺ퟔ풸탔쪧튵뗄훘튪풭틲뻍퓚폚컒맺듦퓚럖룮뗄뛾풪샍뚯솦쫐뎡ꎬ샍뚯솦늻쓜췪좫ퟔ평쇷뚯ꎬ헢훖럖룮뗄뛾풪샍뚯솦쫐뎡훁짙뇭쿖퓚솽룶랽쏦ꎺ 튻랽쏦ꎬ듓뗘폲짏뾴ꎬ컒맺샍뚯솦쫐뎡뿉틔럖캪듳훐돇쫐샍뚯솦쫐뎡뫍킡돇헲벰맣듳뗄얩듥샍뚯솦쫐뎡ꎬ평폚컒맺뮹쫇뒦폚뺭볃랢햹뗄돵벶뷗뛎ꎬ평폚컒맺쒿잰뗘폲횮볤뺭볃벰컄뮯랢햹늻욽뫢ꎬ뛾풪짧믡뗄쳘뗣쪮럖쏷쿔ꎬ쯹틔ꎬ솽훖샍뚯솦쫐뎡횮볤듦퓚탭뛠닮뇰ꎬ뇈죧ꎬ짺믮퓚듳훐돇쫐늻뷶쫕죫룟ꎬ뛸쟒룷훖탅쾢풴럡뢻ꎬ릫릲럾컱짨쪩웫놸ꎬ죋쏇쓜뇣뷝뗄쿭쫜쿖듺짧믡컄쏷돉맻ꎬ짺믮훊솿룟ꆣ쿠랴ꎬ짺믮퓚킡돇헲뫍얩듥ꎬ늻뷶췹췹쫕죫뗍ꎬ뛸쟒쓑
틔돤럖쿭쫜쿖듺컯훊컄쏷뫍뺫짱컄쏷짺믮ꎬ헢퇹ꎬ듳톧짺쫗쿈톡퓱듳훐돇쫐릤ퟷꎬꆰ쓾튪돇샯튻헅뒲ꎬ늻튪얩듥튻뒱랿ꆱꎬ냑ꆰ쇴듳돇쫐ꆢ좥퇘몣ꆢ뷸쳘쟸ꆱퟷ캪뗘쟸쇷쿲뗄쫗톡ꆣ퓚뛔ꆰ듳톧짺ퟮ풸틢좥쓄룶돇쫐릤ퟷꆱ뗄뗷닩훐ꎬ%뗄톧짺붫짏몣ퟷ캪뗚튻뻍튵쒿뇪ꎬ놱뺩캪%ꎬ짮?캪%ꎬ뷴룺웤뫳ꎬ맣훝ꆢ듳솬뗈퇘몣랢듯돇쫐튲쫇듳톧짺쿲췹뗄[4]돇쫐ꎬ뛸톡퓱좥얩듥릤ퟷ뗄뇏튵짺늻떽ퟜ쫽뗄5%ꆣ죧맻솽훖샍뚯솦쫐뎡횮볤늻듦퓚럖룮ꎬ듳톧짺쏇쓜릻뫜랽뇣뗘듓듳훐돇쫐쫐뎡쇷죫킡돇헲벰얩듥쫐뎡ꎬ쓇쎴쯻쏇뇏튵쪱죧맻쓑틔퓚듳훐돇쫐뻍튵ꎬ쯻쏇풸틢퓝쪱톡퓱떽킡돇헲벰얩듥쫐뎡뻍튵ꎬ뗈떽붫살폐믺믡쪱퓙뷸죫듳훐돇쫐ꎬ헢웤쪵쫇튻훖샭탔톡퓱ꎬ헢퇹튲뻍늻믡듦퓚쪲쎴ퟔ풸탔쪧튵컊쳢ꆣ떫쫇ꎬ헽쫇평폚솽훖샍뚯솦쫐뎡횮볤듦퓚ퟅ럖룮ꎬ뇈죧튻킩뇈뷏퇏룱뗄뮧벮훆뛈뗈쳥훆탔헏낭쿞훆쇋듳톧짺뗄ퟔ평쇷뚯ꎬ쪹뗃쯻쏇튻떩톡퓱킡돇헲벰얩듥쫐뎡ꎬ틔뫳튪뷸죫듳훐돇쫐쫐뎡탨튪뢶돶뫜룟뗄[5]릤ퟷ뮻돉놾ꎬ헢킩돉놾냼삨릤ퟷ뷓쫜ꆢ릤ퟷ샫뾪돉놾틔벰폫풭떥캻뗄붻틗돉놾ꎬ 돽듋횮췢ꎬ뮹폐튻룶늻뿉뫶쫓뗄랽쏦뻍쫇듓킡돇헲ꆢ얩듥떽듳훐돇쫐잨틆뗄탄샭돉놾ꎬ벴샫뾪쫬쾤뗄엳폑ꆢ쪧좥짧쟸솪쾵틔벰럅웺틲쫬쾤훜캧뮷뺳뛸쿭폐뗄쫕틦뗈쯹퓬돉뗄쯰쪧ꎬ쯦ퟅ잨틆[6]뻠샫뗄퓶볓뫍퓚잨돶뗘릤ퟷ쪱볤뗄퇓뎤ꎬ탄샭돉놾튲퓶볓ꆣ쿔좻ꎬ탄샭돉놾풽룟ꎬ듳톧짺풽늻풸틢잨틆ꎬ폐퇐뺿횤쏷ꎬ탄샭돉놾뛔폚잨틆뗄펰쿬짵훁뇈붻춨춨톶돉놾뗄펰쿬훘튪뗄뛠ꆣ[7]뿉볻ꎬꆰ죋췹룟뒦ퟟꎬ쮮췹뗍뒦쇷ꆱ만좻쫇죋횮뎣샭ꎬ떫ꆰ쮮췹뗍뒦쇷ꆱ틗ꎬꆰ죋췹룟뒦ퟟꆱ쓑ꆣ쯹틔ꎬ쯻쏇뇏튵쪱벴쪹쓑틔퓚듳훐돇쫐뻍튵ꎬ춬쪱킡돇헲뫍얩듥탨튪듳솿죋닅ꎬ쯻쏇튲쓾풸퓝쪱쪧튵튲늻떽킡돇헲뫍얩듥ꎬ뛔폚탭뛠살ퟔ뇟풶욶삧뗘쟸뗄듳톧짺ꎬ쯻쏇짵훁쓾풸뷉쓉쫽잧쓋훁짏췲풪뗄뷌폽늹뎥럑,튲늻풸믘짺풴쯹퓚뗘뻍튵ꆣ튻뻤뮰ꎬ쯻쏇쓾풸퓚듳훐돇쫐쪧튵ꎬ튲늻풸떽킡돇헲벰얩듥뻍튵ꎬ헢퇹뻍탎돉튻훖ퟔ풸탔쪧튵ꆣ 쇭튻랽쏦ꎬ듓횰튵뗈벶짏뾴ꎬ듦퓚룟뗈뷌폽쮮욽뗄샍뚯솦쫐뎡뫍훐돵뗈뷌폽쮮욽뗄샍 [8]뚯솦쫐뎡ꆣ룟뗈뷌폽쮮욽뗄쫐뎡냼삨쓇킩뻍튵잰쳡훁짙캪듳톧뇏튵뗄횰캻ꎬ훷튪냼삨탐헾ꆢ맜샭ꆢ뿆톧벼쫵틔벰룷훖튵럾컱횰캻뗄룚캻ꎬ죧뷌쪦ꆢ튽짺ꆢ싉쪦ꆢ죭볾뾪랢쪦ꆢ믡볆쪦뗈뗈ꆣ쓜릻뷸죫헢튻쫐뎡뗄죋쿭폐뷏룟뗄릤듽폶뫍폐쿠떱듳뗄ퟔ훷좨ꎬ늢펵폐룼듳뗄뻍튵놣헏ꆣ훐돵뗈뷌폽쮮욽쫐뎡냼삨늻뻟놸룟벶쏅벼쓜믲튵뷌폽튪쟳뗄횰캻ꎬ퓚헢튻쫐뎡짏ꎬ샍뚯솦횮볤뗄뺺헹룼벤쇒ꎬ릤죋뗄릤뗍ꎬ릤ퟷ뮷뺳늻컈뚨늢쟒좱짙횰튵짽잨ꎬ죧튻냣벼쫵탞샭릤ꆢ릫쮾쏘쫩ꆢ췆쿺풱뗈뗈ꆣ평폚룟뗈뷌폽쮮욽뗄샍뚯솦쫐뎡뛔늻춬튵뗄탨쟳늻튻퇹ꎬ튻킩튵탨쟳늻ퟣ뗄듳톧짺ꎬ뇏튵쪱쓑틔퓚룟뗈뷌폽쮮욽뗄샍뚯솦쫐뎡뻍튵ꎬ쯻쏇놾살뿉틔톡퓱훐돵뗈뷌폽쮮욽뗄샍뚯솦쫐뎡뻍튵ꎨ헢웤쪵쫇튻훖캯쟼뻍튵ꎩꎬ떫잰쳡쳵볾쫇쯻쏇틔뫳쓜릻뷸죫룟뗈뷌폽쮮욽뗄샍뚯솦쫐뎡ꎬ헢퇹쯻쏇뗄캯쟼뻍튵뻍횻쫇퓝쪱탔뗄ꎬ틲뛸퓝쪱뗄캯
쟼뻍튵뻍쫇튻훖샭탔톡퓱ꆣ떫쫇헢솽훖샍뚯솦쫐뎡횮볤튲춬퇹듦퓚럖룮ꎬ릤죋늻쓜듓훐돵뗈뷌폽쮮욽샍뚯솦쫐뎡쿲룟뗈뷌폽쮮욽뗄샍뚯솦쫐뎡ퟔ평쇷뚯ꎬ웤훐튻룶훘튪뗄풭틲퓚폚ꎺ룟뗈뷌폽쮮욽뗄샍뚯솦쫐뎡짏뗄릤ퟷ룚캻뛔쟳횰헟폐ퟅ뷏잿폃탔죋솦놾ꎨspecific human capitalꎩ튪쟳ꎬ뛸듳톧짺쯹뻟폐뗄죋솦놾늢늻믡ퟔ좻놣횵ꎬ쯻뻍튵쪱튻떩톡퓱훐돵뗈뷌폽쮮욽뗄샍뚯솦쫐뎡ꎬ웤폃탔뗄죋솦놾뻍뎤쪱웚뒦폚쿐훃ힴ첬ꎬퟮ훕붫훰붥뇡횵ꎬ떱붫살쫐뎡탨쟳탎쫆뇤뮯ꎬ뛔웤풭폐뗄튵탨쟳췺쪢쪱ꎬ쯻좴틑즥쪧놾살펵폐뗄폃탔죋솦놾ꎬ헢퇹쯻퓚쟳횰맽돌훐뻍늻뻟놸뫋탄뺺헹솦ꎨcore competenceꎩꎬ틀좻쓑틔뷸죫룟뗈뷌폽쮮욽뗄샍뚯솦쫐뎡ꆣ틲캪ꎬ룟뗈뷌폽쮮욽샍뚯솦쫐뎡뗄맍훷퓚헐울쪱췹췹힢훘쟳횰헟틔췹뗄릤ퟷ뺭퇩폈웤쫇릤ퟷ탔훊ꎬ쯻쏇룹뻝헢킩틲쯘살에뛏쟳횰헟뛔룚캻뗄욥엤돌뛈ꎨcareer match ꎩꎬ쿠맘뗄릤ퟷ뺭퇩풽럡뢻ꎬ욥엤돌뛈뻍풽룟ꎬ쟳횰헟펦울돉릦뗄뿉쓜탔뻍풽듳ꆣ랴횮ꎬ펦울돉릦뿉쓜탔뻍풽킡ꆣ헢틢캶ퟅ듳톧짺튻떩뷸죫훐돵뗈뷌폽쮮욽샍뚯솦쫐뎡ꎬ쯻뻍뫜뿉쓜놻뎤웚ꆰ쯸뚨ꆱꎨlock inꎩ퓚헢튻쫐뎡훐ꎬ컞램쪵쿖붫살뷸죫룟뗈뷌폽쮮욽샍뚯솦쫐뎡뗄풤웚ꆣ폚쫇ꎬ듳톧짺뇏튵쪱쓾풸뒦폚룟뗈뷌폽쮮욽샍뚯솦쫐뎡짏뗄쪧튵ힴ첬ꎬ튲늻풸틢뷸죫훐돵뗈뷌폽쮮욽샍뚯솦쫐뎡ꎬퟔ풸탔쪧튵평듋닺짺ꆣ 틔짏듓뛾풪럖룮뗄샍뚯솦쫐뎡뷇뛈럖컶쇋듳톧짺ퟔ풸탔쪧튵뗄풭틲ꎬ컒쏇튲뿉틔듓횰튵쯑톰샭싛뗄뷇뛈뷸탐럖컶ꆣ 죽 횰튵쯑톰샭싛폫듳톧짺ퟔ풸탔쪧튵 횰튵쯑톰샭싛쫇1970쓪평럑뛻웖쮹ꎨꎩ뗈뺭볃톧볒쳡돶뗄튻훖샭싛쇷엉ꎬ[9]룃샭싛죏캪ꎺ ꎨ1ꎩ샍뚯솦쫐뎡탅쾢쫇늻췪좫뗄ꎬ춬쪱쎿룶웳튵룸샍뚯헟뗄놨돪늻춬ꎬ샍뚯헟캪쇋믱뗃놨돪싺틢뗄릤ퟷꎬ뇘탫퓚샍뚯솦쫐뎡쯑톰ꆣ ꎨ2ꎩ헢훖캪톰헒릤ퟷ뛸닉좡뗄쪧튵쪱볤풽뎤ꎬ샍뚯헟뻍풽쓜헒떽싺틢뗄릤ퟷꎬ믱뗃뗄릤ퟷ놨돪뻍풽룟ꎬ떫쫇쯦ퟅ쯻퓚샍뚯솦쫐뎡톰헒횰튵쪱볤뗄퇓뎤ꎬ캴살톰헒떽뗄릤ퟷ룚캻놨돪뗄쳡룟럹뛈뗝복ꎬ벴횰튵쯑톰쪱볤뗄뇟볊쫕틦뗝복ꆣ ꎨ3ꎩ샍뚯헟캪믱좡폐맘놨돪뫍릤ퟷ룚캻뗄탅쾢탨튪뮨럑돉놾ꎬ헢킩돉놾냼삨횱뷓돉놾뫍볤뷓돉놾ꎬ캪쇋믱좡폐맘탅쾢쯹ퟷ뗄횧뢶ꎬ죧붻춨럑ꆢ춨톶럑폃ꆢ닄쇏듲펡럑틔벰늻뛏뗄펦울ꆢ믡쏦쯹뮨럑뗄쪱볤뫍뺫솦뗈쫴폚횱뷓돉놾ꎬ쪧튵쪱웚샍뚯쫕죫뗄쯰쪧쫴폚볤뷓돉놾ꆣ쯦ퟅ쯑톰쪱볤뗄퇓뎤ꎬ횰튵쯑톰돉놾튲쯦ퟅ퓶볓ꎬ늢쟒ꎬ퓶볓뗄럹뛈풽살풽듳ꎬ벴횰튵쯑톰쪱볤뗄뇟볊돉놾뗝퓶ꆣ ꎨ4ꎩ룹뻝돉놾ꆪ쫕틦럖컶램ꎬ떱횰튵쯑톰쫕틦듳폚쯑톰돉놾쪱ꎬ뷸탐횰튵쯑톰뻍쫇
폐샻뗄ꎬ뛸ퟮ폅뗄횰튵쯑톰쪱볤캪뛠뻃ꎬ퓲좡뻶폚횰튵쯑톰쪱볤뗄뇟볊쫕틦뗈폚뇟볊쪱볤돉놾ꆣ떱뇟볊쫕틦듳폚뇟볊돉놾쪱ꎬ샍뚯헟펦룃볌탸쯑톰ꎬ횱떽뛾헟쿠뗈쪱닅펦룃춣횹쯑톰ꆣ퓚횰튵쯑톰쪱볤떽듯ퟮ폅뗣횮잰뗄헢튻뛎쪱웚ꎬ샍뚯헟뒦폚쪧튵ힴ첬뻍쫇샭탔뗄톡퓱ꆣ틔짏볙뚨뿉틔뷨훺횰튵쯑톰샭싛쒣탍살쮵쏷ꆣ 컒쏇폃W(T)뇭쪾횰튵쯑톰헟웚듽뗄릤쮮욽ꎬ쯼쫇쯑톰쪱볤T뗄뗝퓶몯쫽ꎬ벴m∂W(T)m>0ꎬ떫쫇평폚횰튵쯑톰쪱볤뗄뇟볊쫕틦뗝복ꎬ쯑톰쫕틦뗄뛾뷗떼쫽킡폚쇣ꎬ벴∂T2∂W(T)∂C(T)mm<0ꎬ폃C(T)뇭쪾쯑톰돉놾ꎬ쯼튲쫇쪱볤T뗄뗝퓶몯쫽ꎬ벴>0ꎬ늢m2∂T∂T2∂C(T)m쟒평폚횰튵쯑톰쪱볤뗄뇟볊돉놾뗝퓶ꎬ쯑톰돉놾뗄뛾뷗떼쫽듳폚쇣ꎬ벴>0ꆣ 2∂T룹뻝헢킩볙뚨ꎬ컒쏇뿉틔퓚릤쮮욽W(T)뫍돉놾쮮욽C(T)폫쯑톰쪱볤T릹돉뗄mm뛾캬뿕볤뮭돶릤쟺쿟뫍돉놾쟺쿟ꎨ춼1ꎩꆣ 듓춼1뿉틔뾴돶ꎬW뫍C뚼쫇쪱볤뗄뗝퓶몯쫽ꎬ잰헟쫇낼몯쫽ꎬ뫳헟쫇춹몯쫽ꎬWmmm쯦ퟅ쪱볤뗄퇓뎤ꎬ웤짏짽뗄럹뛈풽살풽킡ꎬ뛸C쯦ퟅ쪱볤뗄퇓뎤ꎬ짏짽뗄럹뛈풽살풽뿬ꆣ m WCm m A W(T) m C(T)m B ∗ T T 춼1 쯑톰쫕틦쟺쿟뫍쯑톰돉놾쟺쿟 ∗퓚쪱볤T캻훃짏ퟷ돶튻쳵뒹횱뗄탩쿟ꎬ컒쏇뿉틔퓚W뫍C솽쳵쟺쿟짏헒떽솽룶뗣mm∗A뫍Bꎬ퓚A뫍B솽뗣짏쯹ퟶ쟐쿟헽뫃쫇욽탐뗄ꎬ헢쮵쏷퓚쪱볤T짏ꎬ릤쯦쯑톰쪱볤퇓뎤짏짽뗄킱싊잡뫃뗈폚돉놾쯦쪱볤퇓뎤뛸짏짽뗄킱싊ꎬ횰튵쯑톰쪱볤뗄뇟볊쫕틦뗈폚뇟볊쪱
∗볤돉놾ꎬ벴헢튻뗣뻍쫇톰헒릤ퟷ쯹뮨럑뗄ퟮ폅쪱볤ꆣ틲캪죧맻쯑톰쪱볤킡폚Tꎬ쯑톰쫕틦뗄짏짽럹뛈듳폚돉놾짏짽뗄럹뛈ꎬ볌탸쯑톰뗄뺻쫕틦캪헽ꎬ틲뛸쫇뫏샭뗄ꎬ죧맻쯑톰쪱볤듳∗폚Tꎬ쯑톰돉놾뗄짏짽럹뛈듳폚쫕틦짏짽뗄럹뛈ꎬ뛠폠쯑톰쪱볤뗄뺻쫕틦캪뢺ꎬ틲뛸늻펦룃볌탸쯑톰ꆣ 룹뻝헢튻샭싛ꎬ쿖퓚컒쏇볙뚨튻룶듳톧짺뇏튵쪱ꎬ쯻늢늻췪좫쇋뷢쫐뎡뗄뻍튵탅쾢ꎬ떫쫇쯻횪뗀늻춬웳튵뗄듽폶늻튻퇹ꎬ폚쫇ꎬ캪쇋헒떽듽폶ퟮ병뗄릤ퟷꎬ쯻뇘탫뮨럑쪱볤늻뛏뗄쯑톰ꎬ퓚쯑톰쪱볤듯떽ퟮ병뗣횮잰ꎬ쯻볌탸쯑톰뻍쫇샭탔탐캪ꎬ헢튻ퟮ병쯑톰쪱볤뎤뛈튲뻍쫇쯻쪧튵쪱볤뎤뛈ꆣ퓚쯑톰쪱웚ꎬ쯻늢럇쎻폐릤ퟷ믺믡ꎬ횻쫇쯻풤웚볌탸쯑톰믡폐룼뫃뗄릤ퟷ믺믡ꎬ폚쫇뻜뻸틑폐뗄릤ퟷ믺믡ꎬ틲뛸헢튻쪱웚뗄쪧튵뻍돉캪튻훖ퟔ풸탔쪧튵ꆣ뿉볻ꎬ튻늿럖듳톧짺톡퓱ퟔ풸탔쪧튵ꎬ쪵훊짏쫇튻훖뇘튪뗄ꆰ춶ꆱꎬ믲헟내헕낢뛻쟕뗄맛뗣ꎬퟔ풸탔쪧튵쫇튻훖짺닺탔믮뚯ꆣ Nesterova뫍 Sabrianova튲죏캪ꎬ쫜맽솼뫃뷌폽뗄룶죋ꎬ춨뎣[10] 믱뗃튻룶쿠뛔룟쮮욽뗄쪧튵샻틦ꎬ틲캪쯻뺭맽쪧튵틔뫳쓜믱뗃쿠뛔룟뗄릤ꆣ뿉쓜폐죋쳡돶헢퇹뗄틉컊ꎬ듳톧짺췪좫뿉틔퓝쪱톡퓱튻룶쓄엂늢늻싺틢뗄웳튵뻍튵ꎬ좻뫳튻뇟릤ퟷ튻뇟볌탸쯑톰ꎬ벴톡퓱ꆰ쿈뻍튵ꎬ퓙퓱튵ꆱ랽쪽ꎬ틲뛸늻뇘캪쯑톰떽샭쿫릤ퟷ뛸쪧튵ꎬ헢퇹뻍늻듦퓚ퟔ풸탔쪧튵쇋ꆣ뗄좷ꎬ헢튲쫇튻훖늻듭뗄톡퓱ꎬ늢쟒헢퇹뗄톡퓱튲놻탭뛠듳톧짺쪵볹ퟅꎬ떫쫇늢럇쯹폐듳톧짺뚼죧듋뻶닟ꆣ웤쪵떽뗗ꆰ쿈뻍튵ꆢ퓙퓱튵ꆱ뮹쫇쯑톰떽샭쿫릤ퟷ닅뻍튵뫏샭ꎬ퓚룹놾짏좡뻶폚퓚횰쯑톰(employed job search) 뫍쪧튵쯑톰(unemployed job search)뗄샻뇗ꆣ탭뛠퇐뺿뇭쏷ꎬ솽훖쯑톰랽쪽뚼폐폅뗣뫍좱뗣ꎬ뺿뺹쓄튻훖랽쪽룼폐킧싊ꎬ쒿잰뮹듦퓚뫜듳헹틩ꆣ뇈죧ꎬ쪧튵쯑톰뗄폅뗣횮튻쫇벰쪱탔ꎬ틲캪폐킧뗄쯑톰탨튪쯑톰헟쯦쪱퓚뎡ꎬ죧펦울쏦쫔ꆢ쫔폃ꎬ늢쟒폐뗄릤ퟷ탨튪톸쯙짏룚ꎬ쪧튵쯑톰헟쓜릻췪좫싺ퟣ헢튻쳵볾ꎬ뛸퓚횰쯑톰뻍믡쫜떽쿞훆ꎬ펰쿬쯑톰킧맻ꆣ쪧튵쯑톰뗄좱뗣쫇뇈퓚횰쯑[11]톰뗄돉놾룟ꎬ늻떫튪돐쫜횱뷓쯑톰돉놾ꎬ뮹튪돐쫜룼뛠뗄볤뷓돉놾ꎬ헢뛔폚튻킩볒춥뺭볃쳵볾늻뫃뗄듳톧짺ꎬ쯻쏇췹췹쓑틔돐쫜ꎬ폚쫇쯵뛌쯑톰쪱볤ꎬ믲헟톡퓱ꆰ쿈뻍튵퓙퓱튵ꆱ뗄뻍튵랽쪽ꎬ떫쫇뛔폚볒춥뺭볃쳵볾폅풽뗄듳톧짺ꎬ쯻쏇뻍뷏짙뗄쫜떽쯑톰돉놾뗄풼쫸ꎬ폚쫇쟣쿲폚쪧튵쯑톰ꆣ 뿉볻ꎬ늻춬듳톧짺평폚웤튵탔훊뫍볒춥뺭볃ힴ뿶뗈늻튻퇹ꎬ쎿룶죋쏦쇙뗄풼쫸쳵볾늻춬ꎬ쯻쏇ퟮ폅뗄퓱튵랽쪽튲늻튻퇹,ꆰ쿈뻍튵ꎬ퓙퓱튵ꆱ랽쪽횻쫇튻늿럖듳톧짺뗄ퟮ폅톡퓱ꎬ쇭튻늿럖뗄ퟮ폅톡퓱쫇쪧튵쯑톰ꎬ헢퇹듳톧짺ퟔ풸탔쪧튵쿖쿳죔좻듦퓚ꆣ 쯄 놣쇴릤샭싛폫듳톧짺ퟔ풸탔쪧튵
놣쇴릤샭싛쫇뛔횰튵쯑톰샭싛뗄튻훖룄뷸ꎬ룃샭싛죏캪튻룶퓚샍뚯솦쫐뎡톰헒횰튵뗄죋ꎬ쯻늢늻쫇웚듽ퟅ릤쮮욽쯦ퟅ쯻쯑톰쪱볤뗄퇓뎤뛸늻뛏짏짽ꎬ룼뛠뗄쟩뿶쿂쫇쯻쯑톰횰튵튻뾪쪼뻍뛔릤쮮욽폐튻룶웰싫뗄ꆰ탄샭볛캻ꆱꎬ벴쯻훁짙뇘탫헒떽튻룶릤늻쓜뗍폚쒳룶믹쫽뗄릤ퟷꎬ춬퇹뗘ꎬ뛔폚쯑톰횰튵쯹뮨럑뗄쪱볤쯻튲폐튻룶탄샭ힼ놸ꆣ틲듋ꎬ떱쯻퓚쫐뎡짏톰헒릤ퟷ쪱ꎬ죧맻맍훷뾪돶뗄릤쳵볾뎬맽쯻풤뚨뗄ꆰ볛캻ꆱꎬ쯻뻍뷓쫜헢룶릤ퟷꎬ럱퓲쯻뻍뻜뻸뷓쫜ꆣ폚쫇헢룶ꆰ탄샭볛캻ꆱ뗄릤쮮욽뻍놻돆횮캪ꆰ놣쇴릤ꆱꎨreservation wagesꎩꆣꆰ놣쇴릤ꆱ룅쓮쓜쪹컒쏇붨솢틔쿂뻹뫢ꎺ퓚ꆰ놣쇴릤ꆱ쮮욽ꎬ뻍튵헟뷓쫜릤ퟷ쯹뗃떽뗄싺틢돌뛈폫웤뒦폚쪧튵ힴ뿶뛸뗃떽뗄싺ퟣ돌뛈쫇뗈볛뗄ꆣ틲듋ꎬ떱샍뚯솦쫐뎡짏맍훷쳡릩뗄릤뗍폚놣쇴릤쪱ꎬ쯻쓾풸쪧튵ꎬ볌탸톰헒릤ퟷꎺ떱맍훷쳡릩뗄릤룟폚놣쇴릤쪱ꎬ쯻닅풸틢뷓쫜헢룶릤ퟷꎬ췋돶쪧튵뛓컩ꎬ돉캪뻍튵헟ꆣ뛸뻶뚨놣쇴릤뗄훷튪틲쯘폐죽랽쏦ꎺꎨ1ꎩ쯑톰헟쯹맛달떽뗄샍뚯솦쫐뎡짏릤럖늼뗄쟩뿶ꎻꎨ2ꎩ톰헒떽뎬맽ꆰ놣쇴릤ꆱ쮮욽뗄횰튵쯹탨뮨럑뗄쪱볤ꎻꎨ3ꎩ쯑톰횰튵쪱쯹탨튪뮨럑뗄돉놾ꆣ쿔좻ꎬ떱헢킩펰쿬틲쯘랢[12]짺뇤뮯쪱ꎬ놣쇴릤쮮욽튲믡쯦ퟅ뇤뮯ꆣ 내헕놣쇴릤샭싛ꎬ컒쏇죏캪듳톧짺ퟔ풸탔쪧튵뗄풭틲퓚폚웤풤웚뗄놣쇴릤욫룟ꎬ룟폚쪵볊뗄쫐뎡뻹뫢릤ꆣ룹뻝쫗뷬듳톧짺뻍튵쫗톡웳튵뗷닩ꎬ듳톧짺쏇뛔킽쮮뗄튪쟳늢늻뗍ꎬ퓚믘듰ꆰ쓺쟳횰튪쟳뗄릤뗗쿟ꆱ쪱ꎬ뷼쇹돉(56%)죋뗄톡퓱벯훐퓚1000풪떽3000풪횮볤ꎬ릤뗗쿟욽뻹횵캪풪ꆣ%뗄죋뿉틔뷓쫜ퟔ벺뗄릤퓚1500-2000풪ꎬ죏캪2000-3000풪뇈뷏뫏샭뗄햼%ꎻ쇭췢ꎬ쾣췻ퟔ벺뗄퓂킽퓚3000풪떽4000풪뗄햼%ꎬ쾣췻퓚쎿퓂4000풪틔짏룟쫕죫뗄죋쫽뫍1000-1500풪웤훐죏캪쎿퓂쓜헵4000풪틔짏뗄폫쾣췻횵퓚1000-1500풪뗄듳톧짺쫽솿쿠떱ꎬ룷풼햼15%ꆣ횻폐%뗄죋싺틢쎿퓂1000풪틔쿂뗄릤ꆣ춬쪱룹뻝맺볒돇뗷ퟜ뛓뗄2000쓪좫맺돩퇹뗷닩쇏뇭쏷ꎬ퓚좫맺36룶듳훐돇쫐훐ꎬ뻓쏱죋뻹뿉횧엤쫕죫ퟮ룟뗄쫇짮?ꎬ죋뻹캪[13]풪ꆣ컒쏇뷶폫짮?뷸탐뇈뷏ꎬ쯻쏇뗄욽뻹퓂쫕죫튲늻맽1798풪ꎬ뿉볻ꎬ듳톧짺뛔ퟔ벺킽뷰뗄웚췻벴쯻쏇뗄놣쇴릤쫇욫룟뗄ꆣ맘폚듳톧짺뻍튵웚췻횵욫룟뗄컊쳢틑폐탭뛠싛쫶ꎬ떫튪쎴볲떥뗄엺움듳톧짺놧ퟅ욫룟뻍튵풤웚쫇늻샭탔뗄ꎬ좴늢늻럖컶웤풭틲ꎬ튪쎴뷶뷶듓짧믡톧뗄뷇뛈ꎬ죏캪쫇컒맺훮죧ꆰ톧뛸폅퓲쫋ꆱꆢꆰ쫋뛸폅퓲톧ꆱ뗈뒫춳컄뮯펰쿬뗄뷡맻ꎬ헢킩럖컶췹췹쪧횮뇭쏦뮯ꆣ웤쪵ꎬ듳톧짺놣돖욫룟뗄웚췻횵늢럇늻샭탔ꎬ쿠랴ꎬ쯻쏇놣돖욫룟뗄놣쇴릤죔좻럻뫏쯻쏇풤웚샻틦ퟮ듳뮯뗄샭탔볙짨ꆣ 캪쇋룼쟥돾뗄쮵쏷듳톧짺ퟔ풸탔쪧튵쫇샭탔톡퓱뗄뷡맻헢튻맛뗣ꎬ펦룃쏷좷횸돶ꎬ뺭볃톧맘폚샭탔죋볙짨쫇횸쎿튻룶죋뗄탐캪뚼쪵쿖풤웚샻틦ퟮ듳뮯ꎬ떫풤웚샻틦ퟮ듳뮯늻뗈폚
늢쟒튲늻튻뚨뇘좻떼훂뷡맻샻틦ퟮ듳뮯ꎬ풤웚ퟮ폅떼훂뷡맻ퟮ폅뗄튻룶훘튪쳵볾쫇탅쾢뇘탫쫇췪좫뗄ꆣ쯹틔ꎬ쯤좻폐쪱듳톧짺놣돖욫룟뗄놣쇴릤쎻폐쪵쿖ퟮ듳뮯샻틦뗄뷡맻ꎨ헢헽쫇듳뛠쫽죋엺움듳톧짺늻샭탔뗄룹풴ꎩꎬ헢늢늻틢캶ퟅ듳톧짺뗄톡퓱늻샭탔ꎬ뛸쫇쫐뎡탅쾢늻돤럖뗄뷡맻ꆣ쫂쪵짏ꎬ평폚샍뚯솦쫐뎡짏뗄튵탨쟳탅쾢틔벰릤럖늼탅쾢늻췪좫ꎬ춬쪱쎿룶죋뚼믡듓샻틦ퟮ듳뮯쒿뗄살풤웚ퟔ벺뗄놣쇴릤ꎬ헢퇹췹췹샖맛맀볆ퟔ벺뗄릤잰뺰ꎬ쳡돶욫룟뗄릤튪쟳ꆣ쇭췢ꎬ듓ퟔ풸탔쪧튵ퟷ캪튻훖춶뗄뷇뛈뾴ꎬ죎뫎춶탐캪뗄쫕틦뚼쫇퓚캴살튻뚨쪱웚닅쓜쪵쿖ꎬ떫쫇평폚탅쾢늻췪좫뗈틲쯘ꎬ캴살늻뿉뇜쏢뗄뻟폐늻좷뚨탔뫍럧쿕ꎬ폈웤쫇룟쫕틦췹췹냩쯦ퟅ룟럧쿕ꎬ쯹틔ꎬ듳톧짺톡퓱ퟔ풸탔쪧튵캴뇘쪵쿖쫕틦ퟮ듳뮯뗄뷡맻ꎬ튲쫇춶맦싉ퟷ폃뗄뷡맻ꎬ늢늻쓜횤쏷듳톧짺뗄톡퓱늻샭탔ꆣ 컥 벸뗣뷡싛 쫗쿈ꎬ컒쏇죏캪ꎬ퓚떱잰뗄듳톧짺쪧튵헟떱훐듦퓚튻늿럖ퟔ풸탔쪧튵헟ꎬ헢틢캶ퟅꎬ퓚튻뚨랶캧쓚ꎬ늻쫇듳톧짺뻍튵쓑ꎬ뛸쫇퓱튵쓑ꆣ뛔폚ퟔ풸탔쪧튵헟뛸퇔ꎬ쯻쏇톡퓱ퟔ풸쪧튵폐ퟅퟔ벺뫏샭뗄샭평ꎬ샽죧듓횰튵쯑톰샭싛뗄뷇뛈럖컶ꎬ헢웤쪵쫇튻훖춶탐캪ꎬ쯻쏇풸틢튲쓜릻돐쫜쪧튵뗄듺볛ꎬ럱퓲뻍늻믡ퟔ풸쪧튵ꆣ쯹틔ꎬ듦퓚튻뚨돌뛈뗄듳톧짺쪧튵쫇뫏샭뫍뇘좻뗄쿖쿳ꎬ컒쏇펦룃헽좷뾴듽ꎬ늻뇘맽럖좾듳톧짺쪧튵뗄뫳맻ꆣ 웤듎ꎬ듳톧짺퓚횰튵톡퓱맽돌훐ꎬ놣돖뷏룟뗄웚췻횵믲놣쇴릤웤쪵튲쫇튻훖샭탔탐캪ꎬ뛸늢늻쫇죋쏇춨뎣죏캪뗄쎤쒿탐캪ꆣ쯻쏇놣돖뷏룟뗄웚췻횵쫇퓚뛔죋닅릩쟳뇈샽ꆢ쫐뎡탨쟳ힴ뿶뗈탅쾢헆컕늻췪좫뗄쟩뿶쿂뗄뇘좻랴펦ꎬ죎뫎튻룶죋퓚탅쾢늻췪좫쿂뗄듭컳뻱퓱늻쓜쮵쏷웤탐캪쫇늻샭탔ꎬ횻쓜맩뻌폚탅쾢뗄늻췪좫ꆣ쯹틔ꎬ뷢뻶듳톧짺뻍튵웚췻횵욫룟뗄컊쳢ꎬ늻퓚폚춨맽뗀뗂쮵뷌ꎬ탻뒫뷌폽ꎬ뛸퓚폚붨솢뎩춨뗄탅쾢뒫뗝믺훆ꎬ랢햹붡좫뗄횰튵훐뷩믺릹ꎬ죃ퟔ풸쪧튵헟믱뗃좫쏦뗄쫐뎡탅쾢ꎬ틔돤럖랢믓쫐뎡믺훆뗄ퟷ폃ꎬ죃듳톧짺쏇ퟔ뻵훷뚯뗄뗷헻뻍튵웚췻횵ꆣ풭틲퓚폚놣쇴릤늻쫇만뚨늻뇤뗄ꎬ뛸쫇쯦ퟅ듳톧짺뛔쫐뎡탨쟳ힴ뿶뗈뻍튵탅쾢쇋뷢훰붥좫쏦ꎬ폈웤쫇쯦ퟅ쯑톰돉놾뗄퓶볓ꎬ쯻쏇쓑틔돐쫜쪧튵뗄듺볛쪱ꎬ쯻쏇뻍믡훷뚯붵뗍뻍튵웚췻횵ꎬ톡퓱틔잰늻싺틢뗄릤ퟷ룚캻ꎬ듓뛸췋돶쪧튵뛓컩ꆣ헢튻맽돌뚼쫇쫐뎡솦솿ퟔ랢ퟷ폃뗄뷡맻ꆣ 뗚죽ꎬ튪뷢뻶듳톧짺ퟔ풸탔쪧튵컊쳢ꎬ뻍펦룃듲웆뛾풪샍뚯솦쫐뎡횮볤뗄럖룮ꎬ폈웤쫇평폚훆뛈탔풭틲퓬돉뗄쫐뎡럖룮ꆣ뇈죧ꎬ럅뿭뮧벮훆뛈ꎬ룄룯붩뮯뗄웳쫂튵폃죋훆뛈ꎬ틔붵뗍샍뚯솦쇷뚯돉놾ꎬ듙뷸샍뚯솦ퟔ평쇷뚯ꎬ헢퇹뻍믡폐룼뛠듳톧짺톡퓱ꆰ쿈뻍튵퓙퓱튵ꆱ랽쪽ꎬퟔ좻뻍복짙쪧튵쯑톰횰튵뗄랽쪽ꎬ듓뛸복짙ퟔ풸탔쪧튵ꆣ
힢쫍ꎺ [1] 쪵볊짏ꎬ샍뚯쓪쇤죋뿚뿉틔럖캪샍뚯솦죋뿚뫍늻퓚샍뚯솦죋뿚ꎬ웤훐ꎬ샍뚯솦죋뿚뿉틔럖캪뻍튵죋뿚뫍쪧튵죋뿚ꎬ늻퓚샍뚯솦죋뿚쫇횸쎻폐릤ퟷ늢쟒튲늻톰헒릤ퟷ뗄죋ꆣ뿉볻ꎬퟔ풸탔쪧튵헟뫍ퟔ풸탔늻뻍튵헟럖뇰쫴폚늻춬뗄늿럖ꆣ닎볻ꎺ틼삼늮룱ꆢ쪷쏜쮹.쿖듺샍뚯뺭볃톧[M]놱뺩.훐맺죋쏱듳톧돶냦짧.. [2] 룹뻝2001쓪뷌폽늿ퟩ횯뗄ꆰ쫗뷬듳톧짺뻍튵쫗톡웳튵뗷닩ꆱꎬ듳풼5ꎥ듳톧짺룉든늻뻍튵ꆣ컄믣놨2001-12-14 [3] Piore,.,1970,The Dual Labor Market ,Theory and Application , in Barringer, R. and Beer, ., The State and the Poor, Cambridge Mass Winthrop. [4] [13]쫗뷬듳톧짺뻍튵쫗톡웳튵뗷닩놨룦[J] 놱뺩쟠쓪놨ꎬ2002-03-18 [5] 삵뗂쪤.샍뚯솦쫐뎡럖룮폫듳톧뇏튵짺쪧튵 [J] 놱뺩쪦랶듳톧톧놨ꎨ죋컄짧믡뿆톧냦ꎩ2001,(4). [6] 틼삼늮룱ꆢ쪷쏜쮹.쿖듺샍뚯뺭볃톧[M]놱뺩.훐맺죋쏱듳톧돶냦짧.ꎭ314 [7] 슽쏺 샍뚯뺭볃톧[M] 짏몣.뢴떩듳톧돶냦짧. [8] 십뚡ꆤ뾨억붫샍뚯솦쫐뎡뮮럖캪뻟폐룟뗈뷌폽뗄샍뚯솦쫐뎡ꆢ폐릤믡ퟩ횯뗄샍뚯솦쫐뎡뫍뺺헹뗄샍뚯솦쫐뎡ꎬ컒죏캪헢훖럖샠퓚싟벭듦퓚붻닦ꆣ놾컄뗄럖샠쫇퓚듋믹뒡짏뗄튻훖룄뷸ꆣ닎볻퓸싺뎬뗈틫.컷랽뷌폽뺭볃톧쇷엉[M].놱뺩.놱뺩쪦랶듳톧돶냦짧,. [9] Phelps, E. S. et al,1970,Microeconomic Foundations of Employment and Unemployment, Norton. [10] Daria V. Nesterova, Klara Z. SabrianovaꎬInvestment in human capital under economic transformation in Russia . working paper series No 99/04,(December,1998).EERC [11] Harry J . Holzer .Employed and unemployed job search: a comparison of choices and outcomes among youth or Holzer Harry J .job search by Employed and unemployed L. Industrialand Labor Relations Review. ,,July 601ꎭ611 [12] 풬횾룕.쪧튵뺭볃톧 [M] 짏몣ꎺ짏몣죽솪쫩뗪ꎬ짏몣죋쏱돶냦짧ꎬ.
