짺첬늹뎥퓚몣퇳짺첬풴맜샭훐뗄펦폃?3몫쟯펰1,2ꆡ믆킡욽133ꆡ쪩ꆡ욽11(훐맺뿆톧풺쓏몣몣퇳퇐뺿쯹죈듸몣퇳뮷뺳뚯솦톧훘뗣쪵퇩쫒2,맣훝510301;훐맺뿆톧풺퇐뺿짺풺,놱뺩100039)햪ꆡ튪ꆡ쯦ퟅ뺭볃뗄뿬쯙랢햹,훐맺몣퇳짺첬풴웆뮵죕쟷퇏훘ꆣ뾪햹몣퇳짺첬풴짺첬늹뎥퇐뺿폐샻폚샻폃뺭볃뗄쫖뛎뷢뻶몣퇳짺첬풴쏦쇙뗄컊쳢,퓚쒿잰훐맺ퟔ좻풴짺첬늹뎥랽쏦뗄퇐뺿놡죵,몣퇳짺첬풴짺첬늹뎥퇐뺿좱랦뗄쟩뿶쿂,놾컄튲쫇뛔짺첬늹뎥퇐뺿쇬폲뗄췘햹ꆣ놾컄쿪쾸럖컶쇋몣퇳짺첬풴짺첬늹뎥뗄샻틦쿠맘헟럖컶ꆢ늹뎥잿뛈뫍늹뎥춾뺶3룶믹놾컊쳢;횸돶쇋몣퇳짺첬풴짺첬늹뎥냼삨뺭볃늹뎥ꆢ풴늹뎥뫍짺뺳늹뎥ꆣ쳡돶쇋몣퇳짺첬풴짺첬늹뎥뗄캴살퇐뺿랽쿲:몣퇳짺첬풴볛횵움맀,몣퇳짺첬풴짺첬늹뎥뗄믹놾샭싛컊쳢,틔벰몣퇳짺첬풴짺첬늹뎥뗄쪵횤퇐뺿뗈ꆣ맘볼듊ꆡ몣퇳짺첬풴;짺첬늹뎥;샻틦쿠맘헟럖컶;늹뎥잿뛈;늹뎥춾뺶훐춼럖샠뫅ꆡP745ꆡ컄쿗뇪쪶싫ꆡAꆡ컄헂뇠뫅ꆡ1000-4890(2007),2iu2ying,HUANGX111iao2ping,SHIPing(KeyLaboratoryofTropicalMarineEnviron2mentalDynamics,SouthChinaSeaInstituteofOceanology,ChineseAcademyofSciences,Guang22zhou510301,China;GraduateUniversityofChineseAcademyofSciences,Beijing100039,Chi2na).ChineseJournalofEcology,2007,26(1)::Withtherapiddevelopmentofeconomy,marineecologicalresourcesaredestroyedse2riouslyinChina,,andthedeficiencyofthestudiesonecologicalcompensationofmarineecologicalresourcesinChina,thispaperanalyzedthebasicissuesofmarineecologicalcompensation,.,stakeholderanalysis,compensationstandard,andcompensationapproach,,resourcescompensa2tion,,includingthevalueevaluationofmarineecologicalresources,:marineecologicalresources;ecologicalcompensation;stakeholderanalysis;com2pensationstandard;ꆡ틽ꆡ퇔몣퇳풴뗄맽돌훐,평폚죋쏇죏쪶늻ퟣ,짺닺맦쒣뫪맛뗷뿘늻솦,떼훂몣퇳짺컯풴쫽솿쮥복,몣퇳짺첬몣퇳짺첬풴캪죋샠쳡릩쇋풴뫍짺첬럾컱,풴퓢떽늻춬돌뛈뗄웆뮵(삶쾣컄,2003)ꆣ샽죧,늻뷶쫇뗘쟲짺쏼횧돖쾵춳뗄훘튪ퟩ돉늿럖,튲쫇죋평폚늳몣폦튵짺첬쾵춳퓢떽웆뮵,듸폣ꆢ킡믆폣뗈뺭샠짧믡폫뮷뺳뿉돖탸랢햹뗄믹뒡ꆣ떫쫇퓚뾪랢샻폃볃폣샠듳솿복짙(헅튫맢뗈,2002),쒿잰,늳몣췥뷼낶몣폲폦튵풴뗄쏜뛈뷶캪20쫀볍90쓪듺돵뗄3훐맺뿆톧풺횪쪶뒴탂릤돌쿮쒿(KSCZ22SW2132)뫍솪뫏맺뮷뺳맦뮮쫰/좫쟲뮷뺳믹뷰(UNEP/GEF)훺쿮쒿(UNEP/GEF/SCS/Ch1/10,퇘몣뒫춳폣톴믹놾쿻쪧(랿뛷뻼뗈,2006)ꆣi/MoU2c)ꆣ뿡폦샄늶튲떼훂쇋쓏몣폦튵풴벱뻧쮥췋(붭몽폮33춨톶ퟷ헟E2mail:xphuang@쫕룥죕웚:2006203207ꆡꆡ뷓쫜죕웚:2006209204뫍췵퇓쟠,2003)ꆣ캪쇋놣헏몣퇳짺첬풴뗄폀탸
샻폃뫍돖탸랢햹,폐뇘튪폃뺭볃쫖뛎뛔몣퇳짺첬폚쪯폍뾪랢뛔떱뗘뻓쏱퓬돉뗄럇쫐뎡볛횵뗄쯰쪧,풴뷸탐맜샭ꆣ짺첬늹뎥ퟷ캪듙뷸짺첬뮷뺳놣뮤뗄뺭틔벰뛔웤뷸탐풴늹뎥뗄퇐뺿ꆣ쒿잰훐맺톧쫵뷧뗄볃쫖뛎뫍믺훆(훓뗈,2002;폚헱캰뫍돂,퇐뺿훷튪벯훐퓚즭쇖ꆢ뫾늴뫍쮮풴짺첬늹뎥랽쏦2003),ퟮ돵풴폚ퟔ좻짺첬늹뎥,쫇횸뛔짺첬뮷뺳놾(훓뗈,2002;뚭뗃뫬,2003;폚헱캰뫍돂,2003;짭뗄늹뎥틔벰뛔짺첬탐캪훷쳥뗄늹뎥믲쫕좡뺭볃늹돌쇦샾,2004)ꆣ뇈뷏폐듺뇭탔뗄퇐뺿폐태펥뗈뎥(McLeod,2000;췲뻼뗈,2005)ꆣ짺첬늹뎥ퟷ캪튻(2003)틔뚴춥뫾쟸췋쳯뮹뫾뗄짺첬늹뎥캪샽,첽쳖훖탂탍뗄뮷뺳맜샭쒣쪽,뷼쓪살맺쓚췢톧쫵뷧뚼뛔쇋췋쳯뮹뫾뗄짺첬늹뎥믺훆컊쳢ꆣ떫쫇룃퇐뺿횻뛔웤뷸탐쇋뷏뛠뗄샭싛뫍쪵횤퇐뺿,떫훷튪벯훐폚뛔뺭볃늹뎥뷸탐쇋첽쳖,늢캴짦벰풴뫍짺뺳늹뎥ꆣ슽뗘풴ꆢ뫾늴뫍쮮풴뗄퇐뺿(Cuperusetal.,맺췢뛔몣퇳풴짺첬늹뎥퇐뺿뷏짙ꆣCowell1999;훓뗈,2002;뚭뗃뫬,2003;폚헱캰뫍돂,(2003)뛔쓏췾뛻쪿뗄볓뗄럲몣룛풴쳦듺탔컊쳢2003;McDaniels&Trousdale,2005),뛸뛔몣퇳짺첬뷸탐쇋첽쳖ꆣElliott뫍Cutts(2004)죏캪몣퇳풴풴뗄퇐뺿쿊볻놨뗀ꆣ놾컄붫퓚슽뗘풴퇐뺿믹뒡짺첬늹뎥뿉럖캪뺭볃늹뎥ꆢ풴늹뎥뫍짺뺳늹뎥ꆣ짏,룹뻝몣퇳짺첬쾵춳뗄쳘뗣,럖컶쳖싛몣퇳짺첬맘폚몣퇳풴맜샭퇐뺿퓚맺쓚늢늻뛠,훷튪벯훐퓚풴짺첬늹뎥뗄믹놾컊쳢,늢쳡돶쇋뷱뫳뗄퇐뺿랽쿲,몣퇳풴맜샭뗄쿖ힴꆢ컊쳢벰뗷뿘듫쪩랽쏦(뻏뗂캪몣퇳짺첬풴짺첬늹뎥뗄퇐뺿폫쪵볹쳡릩뷨본ꆣ럥,2002;즳펱욽뫍듞쫀퇳,2003;붯욽,2006),뮹쎻폐탎돉뿆톧뗄샭싛쳥쾵ꆣ쒿잰맘폚몣퇳풴짺첬늹2ꆡ짺첬늹뎥퇐뺿뷸햹뎥퇐뺿퓚훐맺톧쫵뷧횻뷸탐쇋튻킩돵늽첽쳖,췵?ꆡꆡ뮷뺳쫇횸캧죆ퟅ죋샠틔췢뗄뿕볤틔벰캻폚룃뿕뗈(2004)쳡돶쇋붫몣퇳풴ퟷ캪튻쿮닺살맜샭볤쓚늿뗄횱뷓믲볤뷓뗘뻶뚨믲펰쿬죋샠짺듦뫍랢햹뗄뻟쳥듫쪩뫍쪵쪩늽훨,쇵컄붣(2005)쳡돶쇋몣퇳뗄룷훖ퟔ좻틲쯘뗄헻쳥(폚솬짺뗈,2004)ꆣ풴쫇풴뫍몣퇳뮷뺳뾪랢ꆢ쪹폃늹뎥럑뗄뫋쯣랽램,룃랽튻룶폫짧믡뺭볃랢햹쮮욽,폫죋샠뛔ퟔ좻ꆢ뮷뺳뫍뿍램뗄폅뗣퓚폚룸돶쇋몣퇳풴볛횵늹뎥뗄볆쯣릫맛쫀뷧뗄죏쪶벰샻폃폐맘뗄뺭볃랶돫(폚솬짺뗈,쪽,떫쫇웤쾵쫽늻틗좷뚨,쯦틢탔뫍훷맛탔뷏듳ꆣ2004),맣틥뗄풴쫇튻룶ퟔ좻-짧믡-뺭볃뢴뫏ퟛ짏쯹쫶,맺췢뛔풴짺첬늹뎥뷸탐쇋폐틦뗄룅쓮,냼삨튻쟐쓜캪죋샠샻폃ꆢ탎돉닆뢻뗄잱퓚컯훊첽쯷,맘폚짺첬놣뮤폫샻틦믺훆ꆢ늹뎥믺훆퇐뺿캪컒뫍쓜솿뗄틲쯘,쫇죋쏇뷸탐짺닺폫짺믮탨폃뗄훮튪쏇쳡릩쇋샭싛횸떼뫍쪵볹낸샽ꆣ맺쓚퇐뺿훷튪벯훐쯘뗄벯뫏쳥(뿂몣쇡뫍뛅엥탹,2004)ꆣ풴폫뮷뺳퓚램맦ꆢ훆뛈뫍쒣쪽뗈뗄샭싛퇐뺿뫍첽쯷뷗뛎,뛸쟒쫇춳튻뗄췪헻쳥쾵,뛾헟쿠뮥솪쾵,쿠뮥ퟷ폃,풴뛔풴짺첬늹뎥믺훆탨튪뾼싇뗄틲쯘,냼삨샻틦쿠쫇믹뒡,뮷뺳쫇쳵볾,뮷뺳ퟷ캪풴뗄ힴ첬,듓킧폃맘랽ꆢ짺첬늹뎥쪵쿖뗄닣듎틔벰짺첬늹뎥뗄춾뺶뗈틢틥짏뾴,뮷뺳튲쫇튻훖풴,틲듋,놾컄훐몣퇳짺랽쏦뮹쎻폐돉쫬뗄샭싛ퟶ횸떼ꆣ첬풴냼삨몣퇳짺첬뮷뺳ꆣ맘폚짺첬늹뎥퇐뺿뷼쓪닅훰붥탋웰ꆣ3ꆡ짺첬늹뎥퓚몣퇳짺첬풴맜샭쇬폲훐뗄펦Cuperus뗈(1999)뛔룟쯙릫슷퓬돉뮷뺳펰쿬뗄짺첬늹뎥뷸311ꆡ샻틦쿠맘헟럖컶탐쇋퇐뺿,룸돶쇋룟쯙릫슷뛔ퟔ좻뮷뺳뗄펰쿬,짨볆룹뻝Bryson뫍Crosby(1992)뗄뚨틥,샻틦쿠맘짺첬늹뎥뗄샭쓮틔벰쪵쿖짺첬늹뎥뗄짺첬뫍닆헾쫖헟쫇쫜튻볾쫂뗄풭틲믲헟뷡맻펰쿬뗄죋ꆢ벯췅믲헟뛎뗈ꆣMurray뫍Abt(2001)맀쯣쇋뺭볃본뚨쇖뗄볛ퟩ횯ꆣ샻틦쿠맘헟럖컶쫇횸춨맽좷뚨퓚믹놾쳘헷ꆢ룱늹뎥탨쟳ꆣJohst뗈(2002)쫗듎룸돶쇋컯훖놣뮤쓚퓚솪쾵뗈랽쏦살췆뚨맘볼닎폫헟믲샻틦쿠맘헟뗄듫쪩뗄늹뎥횧뢶짺첬뺭볃쒣탍ꆣGouyon(2003)뛔릤뻟믲랽램(Cuperusetal.,1999;McLeod,2000)ꆣ랢듯맺볒짺첬럾컱늹뎥쪵볹뷸탐쇋믘맋,죏캪쫐뎡평폚몣퇳뻟폐뗄몣퇳쮮쳥쇷뚯탔ꆢ몣퇳뿕볤뗄믺훆쫇쪵쿖뮷뺳돉놾믲킧틦쓚늿뮯ퟮ폐킧뗄쫖뛎ꆣ솢쳥탔뫍몣퇳뗄헻쳥탔뗈ퟔ좻쫴탔틔벰몣퇳짺첬McDaniels뫍Trousdale(2005)펦폃뛠훘쳘헷볛횵움풴릩룸뗄쾡좱탔ꆢ샻폃랽쿲뇤룼뗄삧쓑탔틔벰샻폃맀랽램,맀쯣쇋볓쓃듳낢뛻늮듯쪡ퟔ1950쓪훁뷱평뫳맻뗄짧믡탔뗈뺭볃쳘탔,뻶뚨쇋몣퇳짺첬풴뇈
슽폲풴짺첬늹뎥뗄샻틦쿠맘헟룼뢴퓓ꆣ샽죧놣뮤쫀볍돵맺볒늦돶쿮뷰횧돖몣퇳폦튵복뒬닺릤쒳튻쟸폲뗄뫬쫷쇖뫍즺뫷붸,튲믡볤뷓펰쿬룃몣폲돌,쪵쪩폦뒬놨럏훆뛈,맺볒늦돶쿮뷰뛔폦쏱폨틔췢몣퇳짺컯훖좺뗄랢햹;쒳튻쟸폲몣퇳컛좾뿉쓜틔늹훺(췵쫘쏱,2004),죧헣붭쪡죋쏱헾뢮2001쓪믡듸살웤쯼쟸폲몣쮮퇸횳뗄쯰쪧ꆣ틲듋,퓚좷뚨쒳3퓂돶첨뗄ꆶ맘폚볓뿬폦튵뺭볃랢햹뗄춨횪ꆷꆢ헣붭튻몣퇳뾪랢믲놣뮤믮뚯뗄샻틦쿠맘헟쪱펦룃뻟쳥컊쪡몣퇳폫폦튵뻖ꆶ맘폚헣붭쪡몣퇳늶샌폦뒬놨럏뫍쳢뻟쳥럖컶,훷튪냼삨죧쿂벸룶랽쏦:닺튵쿮뷰맜샭냬램(쫔탐)ꆷ뫍붭쯕쪡몣퇳1)쫗쿈펦룃뾼싇룃몣퇳짺첬풴쯹뻟폐뗄뺭폫폦튵뻖2001쓪돶첨뗄ꆶ붭쯕쪡몣퇳늶샌복뒬닺볃볛횵ꆣ좷뚨몣퇳짺첬풴뗄볛횵쫇뷸탐몣퇳짺첬쫔뗣랽낸ꆷ뗈뚼뛔훐맺췋돶몣퇳늶샌폦쏱뗄늹쳹뇪늹뎥뗄잰쳡,룄뇤몣퇳짺첬풴볛횵뗄훷쳥뚼쫇샻ힼ뫍뷰뗄쪹폃랶캧ퟶ돶쇋쿪쾸맦뚨ꆣ틦쿠맘헟ꆣ31212ꆡ짺뺳늹뎥ꆡ뛔몣퇳뮷뺳뛸퇔,돽쇋뺭볃늹뎥2)놣뮤몣퇳짺첬풴ퟶ돶릱쿗뗄쫇훷튪뗄늹틔췢,듳늿럖뗄늹뎥쫇뛔몣퇳짺뺳뗄늹뎥뫍몣퇳짺뎥뛔쿳ꆣ평폚몣퇳짺첬풴뗄릫릲컯욷쫴탔,내헕첬릦쓜뗄늹뎥ꆣ룄룯뾪럅틔살,훐맺퇘몣뗘쟸뺭볃쫐뎡믺훆듦퓚ퟅ짺닺늻ퟣ믲닺돶캪쇣뗄쟩뿶ꆣ헾뢮뗄뿬쯙랢햹,돇쫐뮯쯙뛈뗄볓뿬뗈뚼퇏훘컛좾쇋뷼ퟷ캪맜샭헟펦룃뛔쯻쏇뷸탐늹뎥,틔벤샸쯻쏇뗄믽낶몣폲(솷탋뎣,2006)ꆣ캪쇋룄짆몣퇳짺첬뮷뺳,벫탔ꆣ춬쪱뛔폚몣퇳짺첬뮷뺳웆뮵뫍뮷뺳훎샭훐뗄2001쓪훐맺뾪쪼쪵쪩뗄ꆶ늳몣뇌몣탐뚯볆뮮ꆷ,뛔폐쫜몦헟튲펦룃뗃떽늹뎥ꆣ킧볠뚽볠닢슽풴업컛,쿻복몣퇳릤돌쿮쒿뛔짺첬뮷3)탨튪돤럖뾼싇뫍몣퇳짺첬풴뾪랢폫놣뮤뺳뗄늻샻펰쿬,캬뮤폦튵짺닺헟뗄뫏램좨틦웰떽쇋쿠맘뗄볤뷓샻틦쿠맘헟ꆣ샽죧캪쇋놣뮤쒳튻몣폲몣놣뮤ퟷ폃(췵쫘쏱,2004),뷘훁2003쓪뗗,ꆶ늳몣뇌닝풴,퓚룃몣폲붨솢몣닝놣뮤쟸,웈쪹풭쿈듓쫂폫몣탐뚯볆뮮ꆷ틑췪돉춶14413틚풪(뫂퇞욼,몣닝폐맘뗄탐튵쿲웤쯼탐튵믲샻폃웤쯼풴,퓚2005)ꆣ캪쇋믖뢴뫍룄짆몣퇳짺첬뮷뺳ꆢ퓶횳뫍폅좷뚨샻틦쿠맘헟쪱튲튪돤럖뾼싇룃탐튵벰웤닺튵솴뮯폦튵풴,훐맺춨맽붨짨죋릤폣붸뛔폦튵짺뺳뷸뗄뻟쳥쟩뿶ꆣ탐늹뎥ꆣ2001쓪,맣뚫쪡퓚좫맺싊쿈틔ꆰ죋듳ꆱ뻶틩4)뷸탐놣뮤몣퇳짺첬풴볛횵뗄짺첬늹뎥쪱,뗄탎쪽좷뚨춶8틚풪퓚퇘몣붨짨100ퟹ죋릤폣늻튪뫶싔웤럇샻폃볛횵,틲캪웤샻틦쿠맘헟냼삨쟸붸,늢퓚훩몣뚫냄뫍퇴붭쮫즽2룶붸쟸뷸탐쫔뗣춶폲뫍좫쟲뻓쏱ꆣ뛸퓚몣퇳짺첬풴럾컱볛횵움맀퇐럅(헅뷜뚫뗈,2006),2002뫍2003쓪,퓚맣뚫짇춷뺿뗄낸샽훐,평폚좱랦뛠톧뿆뗄놳뺰횪쪶,췹췹ퟅ훘쓏냄ꆢ헣붭훛즽좺떺벰몣쓏죽퇇뗈몣폲쿈뫳뾪햹쇋폚움맀횱뷓샻폃볛횵뫍볤뷓샻폃볛횵,뛸뛔몣퇳짺듳맦쒣뗄죋릤폣붸쫔퇩(샮뫬쇸뗈,2003)ꆣ춬쪱즽첬쾵춳럾컱볛횵뷒쪾늻릻좫쏦ꆣ뚫쪡폦튵늿쏅뻶뚨쎿쓪쪡닆헾쳡릩횧돖뷰1500312ꆡ늹뎥잿뛈췲풪붨짨6듳죋릤폣붸쿮쒿(쏏쟬솼,2006)ꆣ31211ꆡ뺭볃늹뎥ꆡ뺭볃늹뎥잿뛈좷뚨뗄잰쳡쫇몣31213ꆡ풴늹뎥ꆡ풴늹뎥ퟷ캪짺첬늹뎥뗄튻룶퇳풴볛횵쓜릻뗃떽좷뚨ꆣퟔ좻풴볛횵뗄좷뚨,훘튪ퟩ돉늿럖,컒맺틑뺭뷸탐쇋듳솿쪵볹ꆣ쏦뛔뷼퓚컒맺짐뒦폚뷩짜틽뷸맺췢쿠맘샭싛,훰늽쒣럂펦몣폦튵풴뗄늻뛏쿂붵,캪퓶볓뷼몣풴솿,퓧퓚폃룷훖움맀랽램뗄돵쪼뮯쪱웚,짺첬쾵춳럾컱폫ퟔ20쫀볍80쓪듺,컒맺뻍뾪쪼쇋죋릤퓶횳폦튵풴좻놾볛횵뗄뫋쯣샭싛폫볆솿랽램짐캴좡뗃춻웆뗄듫쪩,쿈뫳퓚늳몣ꆢ믆몣쪵쪩훐맺뛔쾺뗄짺닺탔퓶(쇵쿲뮪뗈,2005)ꆣ뾼싇떽쒿잰쪵볊뗄탄샭뫍뺭볃횳럅쇷,좡뗃쇋쏷쿔뗄뺭볃킧틦뫍짺첬킧틦(췵쫘돐쫜쓜솦,몣퇳짺첬풴뺭볃늹뎥뇪ힼ뫜쓑튻늽떽쏱,2004)ꆣ웤훐,쇉쓾쪡캪쇋믖뢴몣퇳떺폦뎡뛔쾺캻,뛸쟒몣퇳짺첬풴뗄짺첬ꆢ짧믡킧틦볛횵뫍볛룱풴,듓1985ꆪ2000쓪15쓪볤춶죫뷼1틚풪뷰,볆솿뻟폐뢴퓓탔뫍쓑볆쯣탔,쯹틔펦룃쿈붫늹뎥믺뛔믖뢴뛔쾺풴,뗷헻닺튵뷡릹,듙뷸쇉쓾쪡퓶횳폦훆붨솢웰살,뺭볃늹뎥잿뛈펦룹뻝떱뗘뺭볃랢햹쮮튵랢햹웰떽쇋훘튪ퟷ폃(쏏쟬솼,2006)ꆣ욽ꆢ쫕죫쮮욽ꆢ볛룱쮮욽뗈쪵볊쟩뿶솿솦뛸탐ꆣ뺭볃313ꆡ늹뎥춾뺶늹뎥퓚훐맺폦튵풴맜샭훐틑뺭뷸탐쇋쪵볹,21퓚쪵쪩늹뎥맽돌훐,훐맺뻟쳥뗄짧믡랢햹ힴ뿶,
죋쏇뗄틢쪶틔벰릫욽탔뗈뚼탨튪뾼싇,폈웤튪뾼싇31313ꆡ훇솦늹뎥ꆡ뛔놻늹뎥뗘쟸뾪햹쏢럑뗄훇솦늹뎥헾닟쫖뛎뗄쪵쪩뛔죵쫆좺쳥뗄펰쿬뫍놣뮤죵쫆럾컱,엠통쫜늹뎥뗘쟸믲좺쳥뗄벼쫵죋풱뫍맜샭죋좺쳥뗄샻틦ꆣ쒿잰맺볊짏뇈뷏춨폃뗄짺첬늹뎥훆뛈풱ꆣ춬쪱볓잿뛔몣퇳짺첬풴뗄뿆톧퇐뺿,캪몣퇳훷튪춨맽헾뢮늹쳹ꆢ닆헾풮훺ꆢ뾪헷짺첬쮰뫍뷨훺맺짺첬풴뗄놣뮤뫍돖탸샻폃쳡릩뿆톧틀뻝ꆣ쓚췢믹뷰뗈랽쪽뷸탐ꆣ듓맺쓚췢짺첬뮷뺳놣뮤뗄쪵볹믮뚯뾴,짺첬쮰쫕뻟폐쏷쿔뗄폅쫆ꆣ쒿잰4ꆡ몣퇳짺첬풴짺첬늹뎥퇐뺿햹췻,뺭볃랢듯맺볒쳘뇰쫇얷쏋맺볒풽살풽뛠뗘닉폃짺첬쮰쫕ꆢ411ꆡ몣퇳짺첬풴볛횵움맀싌즫뮷놣쮰쫕뗈뛠훖쳘뚨쮰쫕살캬뮤뮷뺳,욽뫢짺몣퇳풴볛횵움맀쫇뷸탐몣퇳짺첬풴짺첬늹첬(돂쳎뫍맹뚰,2000)ꆣ훐맺쎻폐쏅뗄짺첬쮰뎥뗄잰쳡,뛸훐맺뛔몣퇳짺첬쾵춳럾컱릦쓜폫볛횵,쿖탐뗄풴쮰ꆢ돇헲췁뗘쪹폃쮰ꆢ룻뗘햼폃쮰ꆢ췁뗘움맀뗄퇐뺿퓚샭싛ꆢ랽램짏폫슽뗘짺첬쾵춳폐뫜듳퓶횵쮰뗈쮰훖튲뛔놣뮤뮷뺳,쳡룟풴쪹폃싊폐믽닮뻠,뛔몣퇳짺첬쾵춳뗄볛횵움맀듦퓚탭뛠늻뫏샭벫뗄ퟷ폃ꆣ떫쫇헢킩쮰럑맦뚨훐,늢캴붫몣퇳풴횮뒦ꆣ틲듋,벱탨뒴붨몣퇳짺첬풴볛횵움맀믺훆쇐죫놣뮤탔뾪랢뫍샻폃풴뗄헷쫕랶캧ꆣ뗄샭싛쳥쾵뫍볆솿쒣탍,짮죫뾪햹풴볛횵샭싛퓚쒿잰맺쓚췢뛔짺첬늹뎥뗄늹뎥춾뺶듳뛠닉폃몣퇳짺첬풴맜샭훐뗄펦폃퇐뺿ꆣ뷰늹뎥뗄랽쪽ꆣ뛔폚폫슽뗘풴탔훊폐뫜듳닮틬뗄412ꆡ몣퇳짺첬풴짺첬늹뎥쿠맘뗄샭싛퇐뺿몣퇳짺첬풴뗄짺첬늹뎥,펦룃닉폃헾닟늹뎥ꆢ뷰맺볊짏틑뺭뛔짺첬늹뎥컊쳢뷸탐쇋튻킩퇐뺿,늹뎥뫍훇솦늹뎥뗈쫖뛎쿠뷡뫏,틔놣횤몣퇳짺첬늹떫쫇몣퇳짺첬풴짺첬늹뎥뗄쿠맘샭싛,죧몣퇳짺뎥믺훆뗄쪵쪩킧맻ꆣ첬풴짺첬늹뎥뗄뚨틥ꆢ샭싛믹뒡ꆢ맀쯣짺첬늹뎥뗄랽램뗈뮹쎻폐춳튻뗄뿲볜뫍뇪ힼ,컞램뾪햹맺볊ꆢ쟸31311ꆡ헾닟늹뎥ꆡ훐퇫헾뢮뫍룷퇘몣뗘랽헾뢮뿉틔붨솢몣퇳짺첬풴뗄짺첬늹뎥훆뛈,춨맽훆뚩룷폲쓋훁맺볒닣쏦짏뗄붻쇷뫍뇈뷏ꆣ탨튪퇐뺿좷솢퓚쿮폅쿈좨뫍폅믝듽폶뗄헾닟,냯훺돯벯뷰,틔쏖늹맺볊ꆢ쟸폲뫍맺볒쮮욽짏몣퇳짺첬풴짺첬늹뎥뗄짺첬늹뎥뷰뗄늻ퟣꆣ춬쪱,춨맽훆뚩폫횮쿠엤쳗샭싛뿲볜,퇐뺿훆뚨퓚뗘랽쮮욽짏뾪햹몣퇳짺첬뗄램싉램맦살붨솢췪짆놣뮤몣퇳짺첬풴뗄닺좨훆풴짺첬늹뎥뗄쪵볹횸쓏,헫뛔몣퇳짺첬늹뎥뗄샭싛뛈ꆢ폐뎥쪹폃훆뛈ꆢ맦뮮훆뛈ꆢ움볛훆뛈뫍놣뮤훆뛈뿲볜틔벰쪵볹횸쓏뷸탐펦폃,늢뾪햹쳖싛뫍붻쇷,틔뗈뇣늻뛏룄뷸뫍췪짆ꆣ,틔놣횤몣퇳짺첬늹뎥훆뛈뗄쮳샻쪵쪩ꆣ헾뢮튲뿉틔샻폃훆뛈풴뫍헾닟풴,춨맽탐헾뫍뺭볃헾413ꆡ몣퇳짺첬풴짺첬늹뎥뗄쪵횤퇐뺿닟쫖뛎듳솦럶돖폐샻폚몣퇳짺첬풴뿉돖탸샻폃뗄쒿잰훐맺맺쓚맘폚몣퇳짺첬풴짺첬늹뎥뗄쪵닺튵횤퇐뺿뷏짙,뛔몣퇳짺첬풴짺첬늹뎥뗄뇪ힼꆢ랶캧,죧짺첬싃폎뫍짺첬퇸횳뗈ꆣ뫍춾뺶뗄좷뚨쫇럱캪짧믡쯹돐죏탨튪듳솿뗄쪵횤퇐31312ꆡ뷰늹뎥ꆡ뷰늹뎥쫇ퟮ뎣볻뗄늹뎥랽쪽ꆣ뛔몣퇳짺첬늹뎥뛸퇔,뿉냼삨:1)닉좡헷쫕몣퇳뺿뷸탐볬퇩ꆣ춬쪱뛔몣퇳짺첬풴뾪랢샻폃헷쫕짺풴쮰뗄탎쪽살돯벯몣퇳짺첬늹뎥뗄뷰첬쮰ꆢ틔벰몣퇳짺첬킧틦늹뎥믹뷰뗄헷쫕뫍쪹폃맜;2)짨솢놣뮤몣퇳짺첬풴뗄쿮믹뷰뫍랢탐맺햮,붫ꆰ몣퇳샭ꆢ헷쫕믺릹ꆢ헷쫕뮷뷚뗈뚼탨튪뷸탐쪵횤퇐뺿,틔짺첬풴샻폃늹뎥럑ꆱ뗄쿮뷰쓉죫맺볒믲헟뗘좷놣늹뎥뷰좫늿폃폚몣퇳짺첬풴뗄샻폃폫놣랽헾뢮뗄닆헾풤쯣,폃폚놣헏몣퇳짺첬풴뗄뿉돖뮤ꆣ볓잿뛔몣퇳짺첬풴짺첬늹뎥솢램뗄퇐뺿,튲탸샻폃탨튪쪵횤퇐뺿뷸탐룄뷸ꆣ;3)틀뾿닆헾틆횧뢶헾닟,듓훆뛈짏훆뚩폫놣뮤몣퇳짺첬풴쿠맘뗄짺첬늹뎥횧돶쿮쒿,폃닎뾼컄쿗폚놣뮤뫍샻폃몣퇳풴;4)뛔폐샻폚몣퇳짺첬풴돂ꆡ쳎,맹ꆡ뚰.2000.컒맺뾪헷짺첬쮰뗄쮼뾼.짺첬뺭볃,놣뮤뗄탐캪췆맣폅믝탅듻,볈뿉듌벤뷨듻죋폐킧뗄(3):35-37.쪹폃듻뿮,튲뿉틔쳡룟듻뿮뷰뗄짺첬킧싊;5)뷨돌쇦샾.2004.쮮풴볛횵늹뎥샭싛폫뒨컷쏱ퟥ뗘쟸뿉돖탸훺맺쓚췢믹뷰죧좫쟲뮷뺳믹뷰랢햹.컷쓏쏱ퟥ듳톧톧놨(죋컄짧뿆냦),25(6):22-(GEF)ꆢ쫀뷧ퟔ좻믹26.뷰(WWF)뗄뷰,폃폚놣뮤몣퇳짺첬풴ꆣ뚭뗃뫬.2003.죽붭풴쟸즭쇖풴짺첬뮷뺳볛횵늹뎥컊쳢?
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