2013୍6ᄅۅ ୪ ြ ն ࿐ ࿐ Бֻ48जֻ3௹105～109JOURNALOFGANSUAGRICULTURALUNIVERSITYචᄅ़7ࠎႿ੪Ⴓളቀࠖଆ֥੪Ⴓॖӻ࿃ؿᅚࡎ———ၛဝ൧ູ২11,21,െ߲Խ,Ⴇڂ(1.༆Кഽٓն࿐ֹაߌ॓࿐࿐ჽ,ۅধᇜ 730070;2.ᇏݓ॓࿐ჽݥݬߌა۽ӱ࣮෮,ײ۽ӱݓࡅᇗׄൌဒ൩,ۅধᇜ 730070)ᅋေ:ᄎႨ੪Ⴓളቀࠖଆ࠹ෘਔဝ൧2000～2009୍֥੪Ⴓളቀࠖ、੪Ⴓളӵᄛ৯ၛࠣ੪Ⴓളԅሳ֩,ٳ༅ਔဝ൧षᅚ੪Ⴓࠃൈ֥ളླؓߌ֥႕ཙ,ܙਔဝ൧੪Ⴓြ֥ॖӻ࿃ؿᅚሑঃ.ࢲݔі22ૼ:ᄝ࣮ൈ؍ଽ,ဝ൧ದन੪ႳളቀࠖՖ2000୍֥ഈശ֞2009୍֥,ᄹӉਔ%;ದन੪ႳളԅሳႮ2000୍֥ഈശ֞ਔ2009୍֥,ᄹӉਔ%;੪Ⴓള৯ᆷඔनᆴູ.࣮ࢲݔіૼ,ဝ൧੪ႳြԩႿ҂ॖӻ࿃ؿᅚ֥ሑ.ܱՍ:ളቀࠖ;੪Ⴓളቀࠖ;ဝ൧;ॖӻ࿃ؿᅚᇏٳোݼ:F590-05 ໓ངѓᆽ:A ໓ᅣщݼ:1003-4315(2013)03-0105-05AssessmentofecologicalfootprintofsustainabledevelopmentoftourismforGuiyangCity11,21WANGPing,SHIHui-chun,LIYong-feng(,NorthwestNormalUniversity,Lanzhou730070,China;,ColdandAridRegionsEnvironmentalEngineeringResearchInstitute,CAS,Lanzhou730070,China)Abstract:Basedonthetheoryoftheecologicalfootprint,～%;%;,somemeasures,suchasscientificintourismplanning,improvingthelegalsystem,:ecologicalfootprint;tourismecologicalfootprint;GuiyangCity;sustainabledevelopment ෛሢ੪Ⴓြ֥ॹؿᅚ,੪Ⴓ෮ႄؿ֥ࣜ࠶、ഠܱᇿ,੪Ⴓ֥ॖӻ࿃ؿᅚ࣮ᆞӮູ੪Ⴓ࣮֥ᇗ߶、ߌ、ള֩ٚ૫֥ڵ૫႕ཙᄀটᄀ൳֞ದૌ֥ေਵთ.ೂޅקਈҩ؇੪Ⴓ֥ॖӻ࿃ؿᅚ,ၘӮູ੪ֻ၂ቔᆀ:(1988-),୯,ණൖ࣮ള,ᇶေ࣮ٚཟ൞੪Ⴓሧჷषؿܿ߃აЌ.E-mail:wplvcha@.๙ྐቔᆀ:െ߲Խ,୯,࢝൱,ᇶေ࣮ٚཟ੪Ⴓሧჷषؿܿ߃აЌ.E-mail:sch8@ࠎࣁཛଢ:ݓࡅሱಖ॓࿐ࠎࣁཛଢ(41161022).൬۠ರ௹:2012-09-11;ྩ߭ರ௹:2012-10-25
106ۅ୪ြն࿐࿐Б2013୍Ⴓ࣮ᇏ֥ಣׄ.ളቀࠖ(ecologicalfootprint,ࡗหљ൞2007୍ၛট,੪Ⴓ൬ೆ৵࿃3aၛ40%֥EF)ۀቋᄪ൞ᄝ1992୍Ⴎࡆଦն֥ളࣜ࠶࿐؇ۚ־ᄹ,2011୍ൌགྷ੪Ⴓሹ൬ೆၡࡅWilliamRees࢝൱ิԛ֥,ѩᄝ1996୍Ⴎჭ,бᄹӉ%.Wackemagelބ֥࿐ളؓھٚمࣉྛਔປაؿ ࣮ٚم[1-2]ᅚ.ളቀ֥ࠖٚم൞๙ݖҩקགྷࣂದোູਔົ੪Ⴓളቀ֥ࠖ࠹ෘٚمοᅶ҂֥ඔऌࠆ౼[5]ӻሱദളթط০Ⴈሱಖ֥ਈটܙದোؓള༢ٚൔٳູ2ᇕ:ֻ1ᇕ൞ሸކم,ሱഈط༯ֹ۴ऌ֥႕ཙ.Wackernagelֻ1۱ؓݓ࠽੪Ⴓြ֥ളֹྟࠇಆݓྟ֥࠹ሧਘ,Ұ౼ֹ۲ཨٮཛଢ[3]ቀࠖቔਔԚ҄ٳ༅;ColinHunter൮༵ิԛਔ੪֥Ⴕܱሹਈඔऌ,ᄜࢲކದ१ඔ֤֞ದन֥ཨٮਈႳളቀ֥ࠖקၬ,ၛࠣ੪Ⴓളቀࠖᄝ੪Ⴓॖӻᆴ,ൡކႿնԄ؇ളቀ֥ࠖ࠹ෘ;ֻ2ᇕ൞Ӯٳ[4][5]࿃ؿᅚ࣮ᇏ֥ॖିႋႨ.ᄝݓଽ,༜ࡹӑ֩、م,ၛದো֥၉ൊᇾྛࠃູԛؿׄ,ሱ༯طഈֹ๙[6][7]ᅣࣆފ֩、ဗ݉֩ࣼ੪Ⴓളቀࠖᅚषਔཌྷݖؿ٢טҰ໙ज、Ұᄇ࠹ሧਘ֩ٚൔ༵ࠆ֤ದनܱ࣮.ဝ൧൞ᇜസ֥സ߶Ӭ൧,੪Ⴓሧჷپ֥۲ᇕཨٮඔऌ,ൡކႿཬԄ؇ളቀ֥ࠖ࠹ෘ.Чڶ,੪Ⴓြ൬ೆؓဝ൧GDPሹᆴ֥܊ངੱՖ໓ҐႨ֥൞ሸކم,ᇶေ൞ьႿࠆ౼ཌྷܱ࠹ሧਘ,2000୍֥11%ᄹᅨ֞2009୍֥32%,੪Ⴓြၘࣜඔऌཌྷؓሙಒ,࠹ෘٚم္ၞႿҠቔބॖᇗگ.Ӯູဝ൧ᇗေ֥ࣜ࠶টჷ.੪Ⴓြ֥٦ؿᅚ္ ളቀࠖࠣఃଆ ࡆଦնളࣜ࠶࿐ࡅ۳ֹ֒ߌջটਔ၂༢ਙ֥ളߌބሧჷ໙ี.WilliamReesࠣఃѰൖളWackernagelᄝ1996୍[1]ᄝሸކཌྷܱ࣮֥ࠎԤഈ,Ч໓൫ࢹᇹ੪Ⴓള൮Ցิԛਔളቀࠖۀ:ޅၘᆩದ१(ଖ۱ݓቀࠖଆ,Ֆޡܴ࢘؇࿊౼2000～2009୍ູൈࡗࡅ、Ӭ൧ࠇთ)֥ളቀࠖ൞ളӁᆃུದ१෮ཨٮ؍,๙ݖؓဝ൧੪Ⴓളቀࠖࣉྛҩෘҩ؇੪Ⴓ֥෮Ⴕሧჷބ་ବᆃུದ१෮Ӂള֥෮Ⴕ٬ఙ෮ࠃ֥ളླބߌ႕ཙ,ؓ੪Ⴓြቓԛ۷ࡆᆇླေ֥ളളӁֹ֥ሹ૫ࠒބඣሧჷਈ,ః࠹ෘ[4-5]ൌ、ಆ૫֥ࡎ,ൌགྷ੪Ⴓॖӻ࿃ؿᅚ,ၛ௹ؓဝ܄ൔູ:൧੪Ⴓြ֥ॖӻ࿃ؿᅚิ܂၂ק֥ҕॉ၇ऌ.EF=N×e=N×Σr×Ai=N×Σr×(ci/i)(1)jjfpൔᇏ:EFູളቀࠖሹਈ;Nູთሹದ१ඔ;ef1 ࣮ۀঃაٚمູದनളቀࠖ;iູཨٮཛଢ֥ো;rֻູiཛjཨٮཛଢ֥नޙၹሰ;Aiֻູiཛཨٮཛଢದनᅝ ࣮თۀঃႨ֥ൌ࠽ളളӁྟֹ૫ࠒ;ciູiཛ֥ಆ౯ದनဝ൧ֹԩE106°07′～107°17′,N26°11′～2୍ཨٮਈ;iֻູiཛཨٮཛଢ֥ಆ౯ֆ໊૫ࠒ୍p26°55′ᆭࡗ,ֹሹ૫ࠒ8034km,ᅝᇜസ૫ࠒनӁਈ.नޙၹሰ֥࿊౼টሱൗࢸ۲ݓളቀ֥ࠖ%.ဝ൧ֹԩపᇏჰ౭ਲ਼ᇏ҆,Ӊࡾა֥Бۡ.Ч໓ҐႨ֥नޙၹሰٳљູ:ਟֹބ߄െିᇨࡾٳඣֹջ,ሹֹ൝༆ଲۚ、תК֮,૬ޘჷႨֹູ,۶ֹބࡹᇽႨֹູ,Ҥֹູ൧,ەڲఏڙ,Љോ౭ਲ਼აனֹ、ܡֹ、ຎֹཌྷࡗ.,ඣთູ.ཌྷؓۚҵ100～200m,ቋۚڂᄝඣโᆓפ,ݚളӵᄛ৯(ecologicalcapacity,EC),൞ᆷᄝϙ1659m,ቋ֮ԩᄝଲૼފԛԩ,ݚϙ880m.උ҂ݝള༢֥ളӁ৯ބۿିປᆜѩЌᆣൌགྷಣջു໑ބగީ,୍नగ໑ູ℃;ॖӻ࿃০Ⴈ֥భิ༯,ሧჷ০Ⴈބ٬ཨ߄֥ቋնဝߌӬਟջิ܂ਔڶቀ֥ڵသሰ,न2700[4-5]3ਈ,࠹ෘ܄ൔູ:۱/cmၛഈ,ӑݖᆞӈᆴ֥ࠫП,ंಆݓ۲ᇷࣟ EC=N×ec=N×Σai×i×ri(2)y֥భਙ,ॖ໌“฿ಖသϔ”.ဝ൧ᇗ۽ြࠎЧჹ൧,Ӭ൧ಙ,ಆ୍ԛགྷ؇ಙರඔഒ,ॢగൔᇏ;Nູሹದ१;aiູದनളളӁྟ૫ࠒ;ecູᇉਈਅݺ.ဝ൧ԫྮৡ、Ӂپڶದनളӵᄛ৯.riູनޙၹሰ,iູӁਈၹሰ.Ч、ࢌ๙ь০,൞yሱಖބ੪Ⴓሧჷ֥ڶࠢᆭֹ,Ⴍఃൡၒؿᅚ੪Ⴓ、໓໓ᇏ෮ҐႨ֥Ӂਈၹሰটሱൗࢸ۲ݓളቀ֥ࠖБ߄、གྷսੀ、ࣁವ、߶ᅚ֩གྷսڛༀြ.“၂”௹ۡ,ऎุູਟֹ,۶ֹ,,Ҥֹ,,ඣთ
ֻ3௹֩:ࠎႿ੪Ⴓളቀࠖଆ֥੪Ⴓॖӻ࿃ؿᅚࡎ———ၛဝ൧ູ২,ࡹഡႨֹ.۴ऌൗࢸߌაؿᅚჴ߶ ੪Ⴓള৯(tourismecologicalpres-(WCED)֥ࡹၰ,२Ԣਔ12%֥ള؟ဢྟЌ૫sure,TEP)ࠣଆ ੪Ⴓള৯іൕ֥൞੪Ⴓॖ[7]ࠒ,ቋުॖ֤֞ൌ࠽০Ⴈ֥ളӵᄛ৯.ӻ࿃ؿᅚ༢֥ള৯ӱ؇,ః࠹ෘ܄ൔູ: ੪Ⴓളቀࠖࠣఃଆ ࠎႿളቀ֥ࠖ te=te/tec(7)pf,ॖၛϜ੪Ⴓളቀࠖ(tourismecologicalൔᇏ,teູ੪Ⴓള৯ᆷඔ;teູದन੪Ⴓളpffootprint,TEF)ुቔ൞ଖთԷᄯݓളӁሹᆴ෮ቀࠖ;tecູದन੪Ⴓളӵᄛ৯.੪Ⴓള৯ླေ֥ളളӁྟֹ૫ࠒᇏ,੪Ⴓြ෮ླေ֥ളᆷඔೂݔཬႿ1,ᄵіૼھֹ੪ႳြԩႿ҂ॖӻ[6][9]ളӁྟֹ૫ࠒ֥ඔਈ,࠹ෘ܄ൔູ:࿃ؿᅚ֥ሑ,ّᆭ,ᄵԩႿॖӻ࿃ؿᅚ֥ሑ. TEF=EF×r(3) ඔऌটჷ te=TEF/੪ႳሹದՑ(ದ)(4)fЧ໓ᇏ੪Ⴓളቀ֥ࠖ࠹ෘᆺҐႨਔ߄െିჷൔᇏ,TEFູ੪Ⴓളቀࠖ;EFູളቀࠖሹਈ;rཨٮބളሧჷཨٮ2۱҆ٳ.ିჷཨٮЇওჰિ、ູ੪ႳြؓݓଽളӁሹᆴ֥܊ངੱ,r=੪Ⴓሹ൬ࢊฒ、ࢊિగ、฿ಖగ、చႲ、િႲ、ҸႲ,৯֩.ೆ/ݓଽളӁሹᆴ;teູದन੪Ⴓളቀࠖ.fളሧჷཨٮЇও୪Ӂ、ਟӁ、Ӂ、ඣӁ੪Ⴓളӵᄛ৯(tourismecologicalcapacity,֩.ऎุඔऌनটሱ2000～2010୍《ဝ൧TEC)ᆷଖ۱ֹ෮ିܔؓݓളӁሹᆴิ܂ᆦӻ࠹୍》ބ《ᇜസ࠹୍》.ളሧჷᇏ۲ো֥ളളӁྟֹ૫ࠒᇏ,ିิ܂ᆦӻ੪Ⴓြ֥ളӁ֥ಆ౯नӁਈ෮ҐႨ֥൞৳ކݓਁ୪ቆ[6]ളӁྟֹ૫ࠒ֥ඔਈ,࠹ෘ܄ൔູ;ᆮ(FAO)ؿ֥҃۲୍ૄᇕቔ֥ಆ౯नӁਈ TEC=EC×r(5)ඔऌ. tec=TEC/੪ႳሹದՑ(ದ)(6)ൔᇏ,TECູ੪Ⴓളӵᄛ৯;ECູھֹ֥ള2 ࢲݔაٳ༅ӵᄛ৯;rູ੪ႳြؓݓଽളӁሹᆴ֥܊ངੱ; ۲ཛᆷཛ֥࠹ෘࢲݔູದन੪Ⴓളӵᄛ৯.੪Ⴓളቀࠖٳ༅مൌ࠽ഈ൞ᄝ࠹ෘଖ۱ֹ੪Ⴓളԅሳ(ࠇ႔Ⴥ)(tourismecologicalႳग़ؓሱಖሧჷ֥ླ(TEF)ބሱಖ෮ିิ܂֥ളdeficit/remainder,TED)նཬࣼ֩Ⴟ੪Ⴓളӵᄛ܂۳(TEC).۴ऌ܄ൔ(1)～(7),࠹ෘဝ൧2000৯ࡨಀ੪Ⴓളቀ֥ࠖҵඔ.ೂݔ၂۱ֹ֥੪Ⴓ～2009୍֥੪Ⴓളቀࠖ、੪Ⴓളӵᄛ৯、੪Ⴓളြԛགྷളԅሳᄵіൕھֹ֥੪ႳြԩႿ҂ॖӻԅሳၛࠣ੪Ⴓള৯,ࢲݔі1～2.࿃ؿᅚ֥ሑ.і1 ဝ൧2000～2009୍੪Ⴓඔऌྐ༏ ThetourismdataofGuiyangCityintheregionfrom2000to2009੪Ⴓ൬ೆؓGDP୍֥ٺሹದ१/ದGDP/ၡ੪Ⴓࢤրದඔ/ದՑ੪Ⴓ൬ೆ/ၡ܊ངੱ/%_o _o _o _o _o _o _o _o _o _o ၛഈ࠹ྐ༏ၛࠣ࠹ෘࢲݔनটሱႿ2000～2010୍《ဝ࠹୍》.
108ۅ୪ြն࿐࿐Б2013୍і2 ဝ൧2000୍～2009୍੪Ⴓളቀ֥ࠖ܂۳ބླ ThesupplyanddemandoftourismecologicalfootprintofGuiyangintheregionfrom2000to2009੪Ⴓളದन੪Ⴓದन੪Ⴓള੪Ⴓളದन੪Ⴓ੪Ⴓ৯୍ٺቀࠖ/ളቀࠖ/ӵᄛ৯/ԅሳ/ളԅሳ/ᆷඔ722-12-1722-1(×10hm)(hm·ದ)(hm·ದ)(×10hm)(hm·ದ) QPhi QPhi QPhi QPhi QPhi QPhi QPhi QPhi QPhi QPhi ၛഈ࠹ෘࢲݔ֥ඔऌनটሱႿ2000～2010୍《ဝ࠹୍》. ੪Ⴓളቀࠖ、ളԅሳ、ള৯э߄੪Ⴓളቀࠖ、ԅሳ、৯֥э߄൝(൝1).Ֆᇏॖၛౢ༉ֹुԛ੪Ⴓള৯ބ੪Ⴓള۴ऌ࠹ෘࢲݔ֤ԛਔဝ൧2000～2009୍֥ԅሳӯགྷԛਔ҂ಸুܴ֥ྙ൝.1 ဝ൧2000～2009୍੪Ⴓളቀࠖ、ളԅሳ、ളӵᄛ৯、ള৯э߄൝ ThetrenddiagramofTEF,TED,tec, ੪Ⴓॖӻ࿃ؿᅚࡎ੪Ⴓളቀ֥ࠖᄹࡆᇶေ൞ႮႿ੪Ⴓದඔ֥ᄹӉ,Ֆ࠹ෘࢲݔुԛ,ᄝ࣮֥10aൈࡗᇏဝ൧੪ႳӁြ֥նܿଆषؿ,֝ᇁ੪Ⴓࠃ֥նਈᄹࡆ.թᄝ҂ӱ؇ഈ֥੪Ⴓളԅሳ,नᆴູఃՑ,ෛሢದૌᇉളࠃඣ֥҂؎ิۚ,षᇿᇗ ੪Ⴓളቀࠖٳ༅ Ֆі1ॖၛुԛ,ဝ႕ཙ.ದन੪ႳളቀࠖᄵԩႿ҂ܿᄵ֥э߄,ᆃі൧੪ႳളቀࠖࠎЧ൞ᇯ୍ᄹࡆ֥൝,Ֆ2000୍ૼဝ൧੪Ⴓြ֥ള০Ⴈིੱ҂໗ק,ؓ੪Ⴓြ72֥×10hmᄹࡆ֞2002୍֥×֥ܵߎޓఴಌ.7210hm,2003୍Ⴕ༯ࢆ,ሱ2004୍Ⴛᇯࡶᄹࡆ, ੪Ⴓളӵᄛ৯ٳ༅ Ֆ1ᇏॖၛुԛ,722009୍ղ֞ਔ×10hm.ᆃіૼ,ဝ൧ဝ൧੪Ⴓളӵᄛ৯ӯཬږ؇ᄹࡆ,ᄹࡆ֥ږ
ֻ3௹֩:ࠎႿ੪Ⴓളቀࠖଆ֥੪Ⴓॖӻ࿃ؿᅚࡎ———ၛဝ൧ູ২109؇ཬႿ੪Ⴓളቀ֥ࠖږ؇,ᆃ֤ࣼဝ൧ԛགྷᇁߌකބߌߊটิ܂੪Ⴓြ֥ؿᅚ,൞၂҂ӱ؇֥੪Ⴓളԅሳ.Ֆі1ॖၛुԛ,ದन੪ᇕ҂ॖӻ࿃֥ሑ.ࠎႿഈඍࢲં,ؓࣂުဝ൧֥2Ⴓളӵᄛ৯Ֆ2000୍֥ ࡆ఼੪Ⴓܿ߃,ٝᆸӑڵހؿᅚ.ᄝᇅקܿ༯ࢆіૼ੪Ⴓᆀؓ੪Ⴓߌሧჷ֥০Ⴈӱ؇ཌྷؓႿ߃ٚσൈ,ᇿၩ੪Ⴓषؿ֥ކ҃अ,ࡼषؿܿଆބ੪Ⴓളཨٮطಯಖޓ֮.੪Ⴓളӵᄛ৯ष੪Ⴓࢤրਈ॥ᇅᄝֹ֒ӵᄛ৯ಸྸ֥ٓຶᆭଽ.ᄹࡆ൞ႮႿ୍֒ဝ൧੪Ⴓದඔ֥նਈᄹࡆ,ሹุ2) ؊ᆞಪ്.੪Ⴓఒြ҂ႋᆺֆՂु֞ࣜ࠶੪Ⴓᆀ֥੪ႳളཨٮႵ෮ᄹࡆ.൞ᄹࡆ֥ږ؇ིႋ,ߎႋھಆ૫ֹ֥ࢳބಪ്੪Ⴓջট֥ഠ߶ಯཬႿ୍֒੪Ⴓളቀ֥ࠖᄹࡆ֥ږ؇ބߌ֥႕ཙ..෮ၛ,ሹุটඪ੪Ⴓളӵᄛ৯֥܂۳مડቀॹᄹӉ֥੪3) ࡆ఼੪Ⴓܿ߃,ٝᆸӑڵހؿᅚ.ᄝᇅקܿႳളᅝႨ֥ླ߃ٚσൈ,ᇿၩ੪Ⴓषؿ֥ކ҃अ,ࡼषؿܿଆބ.੪Ⴓࢤրਈ॥ᇅᄝֹ֒ӵᄛ৯ಸྸ֥ٓຶᆭଽ. ੪Ⴓളԅሳٳ༅ Ֆі1ᇏॖၛुԛဝ൧4) ࡲಆمᇅ,ࡆ఼ܵ.ֹ֒ᆟکྛᆟ҆ႋ2000～2009୍၂ᆰԩᄝ੪Ⴓളԅሳ֥ሑ72.ऎุটुࡹ৫ࡲಆ֥ཌྷܱمੰمܿ,ࡼ੪Ⴓᆀა੪Ⴓఒြ,Ⴎ2000୍֥×10hmᄹᇀ72ݝߌ֥ྛູᇂႿمੰބم֥ܿࡓᆭ༯.2009୍֥×10hm,ᄹࡆਔ×72725) ᇿᇗ࿆Ԯ࢝ტ,ࣉྛ੪Ⴓࡹഡ.੪Ⴓࢤ10hm.੪Ⴓളӵᄛ৯ᄹࡆਔ×10hm,72րֹႋཟ੪ႳՖြದჴބֹ֒ंࣉྛߌЌط੪Ⴓളቀ֥ࠖᄹࡆਈູ×10hm.ඪ֥࿆Ԯ࢝ტ,ಖૌૼϢ,ೂݔֹ֒ದሱ࠭҂ᇿᇗߌૼဝ൧֥੪Ⴓӵᄛ৯ჹჹ۵҂ഈ੪Ⴓളቀࠖᄹ֥Ќ,ᄵႮေຓট੪Ⴓᆀটιֹ֥֒ࡆ֥ӱ؇,֤੪Ⴓളԅሳᄀটᄀն.ದन੪Ⴓളߌ.ൈ,੪Ⴓࢤրႋၛ۲ᇕॖྛ֥ྙൔটۡᆩԅሳᇶေ൳ದनളቀࠖބದनളӵᄛ৯֥႕ຓট੪ႳᆀႵܱ֥مੰ、مܿބᇿၩ൙ཛ.ཙ,Ֆі၂ुটӯ҂໗ק֥э߄൝,൞୍࣍টӯ6) Ⴕིࢆ֮ିჷཨݻ,Ӑ֝ࢫିԛྛٚൔ,ؿཬږ؇ᄹࡆ֥൝.ᅚ֮ฏ੪Ⴓ. ੪Ⴓള৯ٳ༅ ۴ऌ੪Ⴓള৯ଆ,੪Ⴓള৯ᆷඔೂݔཬႿ1,ᄵіૼھֹ੪ҕॉ໓ངႳြԩႿ҂ॖӻ࿃ؿᅚ֥ሑ.ّᆭ,ᄵԩႿॖӻ࿃[1] WackernagelM,OnistoL,BelloP,-ؿᅚ֥֥ሑ.Ֆі1ᇏॖၛ֤ԛဝ൧੪Ⴓളralcapitalaccountingwiththeecologicalfootprintcon-৯ᆷඔनᆴູ,іૼဝ൧੪ႳြԩႿcept[J].EcologicalEconomic,1999,29(3):375-390҂ॖӻ࿃ؿᅚ֥ሑ.[2] Wackernagel,MonfredaC,-printtimeseriesofAustria,Philippines,andSouthKo-3 ษંაࢲંreafor1961～1999:Comparingtheconventionalap-roachtoan"actuallandarea"approach[J].LandUsepဝ൧ቔູळථหֹષؿტֹ֥ׅ,ႚႵPolicy,2004,21:261-269“అ、ඣྮ、െૅ、׳ၳ”ູห֥ׄळථหሱಖܴࣟ[3] [J].En-ބದ໓ܴࣟሧჷ,੪Ⴓሧჷࠣఃپڶ.੪ႳြၐၘvirommentDevelopmentandSustainability,2000(2):Ӯູဝ൧ࣜ࠶֥ᇗေᆦᇸӁြ,ऎุՖඔऌটु21-42੪ႳြؓݓଽളӁሹᆴ֥܊ངੱՖ2002୍֥11%[4] HardiP,BargS,HodgeT,֞2009୍֥32%(ඔऌটሱ2000～2009୍֥《development:reviewofcurrentpractice[R].Occasionalဝ൧࠹୍》).ࠎႿ੪Ⴓളቀࠖଆٳ༅ԛPaperNumber,1997,17:1-2,49-51֤ࢲݔটु,ဝ൧၂ᆰԩႿ੪Ⴓളԅሳ֥ሑ,[5] ဗ݉,வ.੪Ⴓളቀࠖ:ҩ؇੪Ⴓॖӻ࿃ؿᅚ֥іૼဝ൧੪Ⴓࣜ࠶֥ؿᅚѩ҂൞ཨݻሱദߌᇏྍٚم[J].ള࿐Б,2005(6):1475-1480֥ሧჷটࠆ֤০,ط൞ၛཨݻߌሱദູսࡎ、֝(༯ሇֻ115်)
