ֻ28जֻ3௹ള࿐Б,୍3ᄅACTAECOLOGICASINICAMar.,2008ඣሧჷളቀࠖ࠹ෘٚم黄林楠1,张伟新2,姜翠玲3,范晓秋4(1.ފݚն࿐࿐ള۽ቔԩ,ࡾ්ଲࣘ 210098;2.ࡾ්സ࣮൩,ࡾ්ଲࣘ 210098;3.ފݚն࿐ඣሧჷߌ࿐ჽ,ࡾ්ଲࣘ 210098;4.ފݚն࿐ଡ۽ӱ࿐ჽ,ࡾ්ଲࣘ 210098)ᅋေ:WackernagelԷ৫֥ളቀࠖଆ൞၂ᇕࢠݺ֥ࡎॖӻ࿃ؿᅚა০Ⴈ֥ٚم,൞ᄝھଆᇏ,ࣇࡎਔֹ֥іඣთ֥ြۿି,ޭਔֹ༯ඣބֹіඣቔູඣሧჷ֥ఃۿିbٳ༅ളቀࠖଆࠣඣሧჷ֥หׄު,ᄝఃંॿࡏ༯ഡ৫ඣሧჷᅫ,ѩӂඍਔھᅫ֥ଽݤ,ࡹ৫ਔඣሧჷളቀࠖၛࠣඣሧჷളӵᄛ৯֥࠹ෘଆ,ಒקਔ࠹ෘඣሧჷᅫളቀࠖ෮ླ֥3۱ܱҕඔࠧಆ౯नඣሧჷӁਈaಆ౯नޙၹሰބֹӁਈၹሰ,οඣሧჷ০Ⴈ֥၂Ϯٳোؓඣሧჷᅫࣉྛਔ༥ٳb๙ݖ০Ⴈھଆؓࡾ්സ1998~2003୍ඣሧჷളቀ֥ࠖ࠹ෘ,ࢲݔіૼ,࠹ෘࢲݔॖၛग़ܴ֥ࡎࡾ්സඣሧჷॖӻ࿃ؿᅚა০Ⴈ֥౦ঃ,ᆣૼਔଆ֥ᆞಒྟބ॓࿐ྟ,ՖطҀਔളቀࠖଆ֥҂ቀbܱՍ:ളቀࠖ;ඣሧჷࡎ;ॖӻ࿃ؿᅚ໓ᅣщݼ:1000 0933(2008)03 1279 08 ᇏٳোݼ:X826 ໓ངѓ്:AEcologicalfootprintmethodinwaterresourcesassessmentHUANG123Lin Nan,ZHANGWei Xin,JIANGCui Ling,FANXiao Q4iu1TheStudentWorkDepartment,HohaiUniversity,Nanjing210098,China2JiangsuProvincialPartyCommitteeResearchBranchNanjing210098,China3TheCollegeofWaterResourcesandEnvironment,HohaiUniversity,Nanjing210098,China4TheCollegeofCivilEngineering,HohaiUniversity,Nanjing210098,ChinaActaEcologicaSinica,2008,28(3):1279~:EcologicalfootprintmodelcreatedbyWackernagelisagoodmethodforevaluatingthesustainabledevelopmentandapplicationofwaterresource,butthemethodonlyevaluatedthesurfacewaterarea sproductionforharvestingfishandotherseafood,,,globalequivalentfactor,, :ecologicalfootprint;waterresourcesassessment;sustainabledevelopmentࠎࣁཛଢ:ݓࡅሱಖ॓࿐ࠎࣁሧᇹཛଢ(50579018)൬۠ರ௹:2007 03 02;ྩרರ௹:2008 01 20ቔᆀࡥࢺ:ߛਟᢞ(1970~)୯,ࡾ්ଲࣘದ,Ѱൖള,ᇶေՖ൙ളߌЌ࣮.E mai:l:hln70@:TheprojectwasfinanciallysupportedbyNationalNaturalScienceFoundationofChina()Receiveddate:2007 03 02;Accepteddate:2008 01 20Biography:HUANGLin Nan,, mai:lhln70@://
1280 ള ࿐ Б 28ज ളቀࠖቋᄪ൞Ⴎࡆଦնളࣜ࠶࿐WillamRees֩ᄝ1992୍ิԛѩᄝ1996୍ႮఃѰൖളWackernagelປ֥၂ᇕޙਈದোؓሱಖሧჷ০Ⴈӱ؇ၛࠣሱಖࢸູದোิ܂֥ളଁᆦӻڛༀۿି֥ٚم[1~3]bھٚم๙ݖܙෘົӻದো֥ሱಖሧჷཨٮਈބ߄ದোӁള֥٬ఙ෮ླေ֥ളളӁྟॢࡗ૫ࠒնཬ,ѩა۳קದ१თ֥ളӵᄛ৯ࣉྛбࢠ,টޙਈთ֥ॖӻ࿃ؿᅚሑঃbሸܴၛສളቀ࣮֥ࠖંބൌ,ࣼളቀࠖଆЧദطಯಖթᄝ၂ུ҂ቀ[4~7]bᆞೂWackernagel෮,ളቀࠖٳ༅ીႵϜሱಖ༢ิ܂ሧჷaཨବ٬ఙ֥ۿି૭ඍປಆ,ޭ൪ਔֹ༯ሧჷބඣሧჷ֥ܙෘ;ਸ਼ຓ,གྷႵ֥ളቀࠖٳ༅ᇏႵܱಙ֥ള႕ཙᆃ၂ׄࠖb൙ൌഈ,ႮႿූa۽ြ٬ඣ֩֝ᇁ֥ሧჷ่ࡱ֥ذ߄,ൗࢸഈ֥ളളӁྟֹࠣඣთ૫ࠒ൞҂؎෪ࡨ֥,ߐ၂۱࢘؇টඪ,ૌགྷᄝൌ࠽෮ᅝႵ֥ളቀࠖေб࠹ෘࢲݔ۷ն;ളቀࠖࡎ֥ଖུٚ૫ߎླࣉ၂֥҄ڿࣉ,ॉ੮֞֎ඣ൞၂ᇕईቀᇗ֥ളሧჷ,෮ၛ,ᄝٳ༅ᇏླေࡼඣሧჷବೆਔളቀ֥ࠖ࠹ෘ֒ᇏ[8],ݓଽၘႵ၂ུህࡅ࿐ᆀषӬ൧ඣളቀࠖࣉྛ࣮[9~12],ᆽڂaਾЏaઔ࣡֩नؓඣቀࠖࣉྛਔ၂ק֥࣮,ࡼྴඣ֥ۀႄೆඣቀࠖᇏ,ၛඣሧჷοཨݻ֥ᇶุaٚൔؓඣቀࠖᅫࣉྛਔ༥ٳ,ิԛਔނෘ֥ٚم,۲ᇕ࠹ෘٚم෮֤֥֞ࢲ,ંन္مაWackernagel֥ളቀࠖଆࢲކఏটࡎ၂۱ֹ֥ॖӻ࿃ؿᅚሑঃ;ਸ਼ຓߎႵ၂ུ࣮ॉ੮ਔಙ(ූa۽ြ٬ඣ֩)ᆃ၂ളၹؓളቀ֥ࠖ႕ཙ,ೂ ࡆଦնള࣮ཬቆ!ଢభᆞᄝ࣮ೂޅࡼߌಙ֥ള႕ཙବೆളቀ֥ࠖ࠹ෘі۬ᇏ[13]bඣთቔູളቀࠖଆ֥ੂնোളӁֹᆭ၂,ఃקၬ൞ႵളӁି৯֥ඣ૫b൞,ളളӁࣇࣇ൞ඣთ֥၂۱ۿ,ିඣሧჷᄝົӻളߌބࣉྛഠ߶ളӁ֥ݖӱᇏ൞Ⴕሢ҂ॖ౼ս֥ۿିބቔႨ,طଆᇏ֥ඣთѩ҂Їওֹ༯ඣ,ಖط,གྷൌᇏֹ༯ඣᄝളߌЌބഠ߶ࣜ࠶ؿᅚᇏఏሢᇗေቔႨb෮ၛ,ളቀࠖଆᇏགྷႵ֥ඣთ෮૭ඍ֥ඣሧჷۿିѩ҂ିປಆุགྷඣሧჷᆇൌ֥Ⴈ,ၹՎсྶؓളቀࠖଆᇏ֥ളളӁྟֹোࣉྛঔԉ,Ҁԉളቀࠖંඣሧჷᅫ֥҂ቀ,ࣉ၂҄ປളቀࠖં,ࢹՎॖၛ۷॓࿐ֹࡎഠ߶ࣜ࠶ߌ֥ॖӻ࿃ؿᅚb1 ඣሧჷᅫԷࡹ קၬWackernagel֥ളቀࠖଆᇏ෮૭ඍ֥ੂোᅫनࠎႿ ളളӁ!ᆃ၂ۀطקၬbࡼඣთ֥ളളӁۿିࣇࣇၛြളӁটۀও,൞ࠞః༮κ֥bᄝഠ߶ࣜ࠶ؿᅚބളߌЌ֥၂ߌࢫ,ඣሧჷन҂ॖಌഒ,ඣሧჷ֥ᆃ၂ۿିෙಖ҂ିၛ ളളӁ!টࢸק,ॖၛಪູᆃ൞ඣሧჷ֥ളӁۿିbູҀWackernagelࡹ৫֥ളቀࠖଆᇏؓႿඣთۿି૭ඍ֥अཋ,ᄝളቀࠖଆᇏࡹ৫ඣሧჷᅫbႨႿ૭ඍඣሧჷ֥ളߌބഠ߶ࣜ࠶ۿି,ၛҀඣთؓඣሧჷۿି૭ඍ֥҂ቀbൈ,ູϜඣሧჷᅫ၂֞ളቀࠖଆᇏಀ,ᄝੂোֹၛຓࡹ৫ֻোֹো∀∀∀ඣሧჷႨ,ֹھোॖၛіඍູऎႵളӁۿି֥ඣሧჷႨ,ֹఃݣၬোරႿࡹᇽႨ,ֹᄝഠ߶ࣜ࠶ؿᅚݖӱᇏ,ࡼ҂؎ФཨݻބҀԉbᄝ࠹ෘݖӱᇏ,ࡼཨٮ֥ඣሧჷਈο၂קܿᄵᅼෘӮཌྷႋֹ֥૫ࠒ,ၛھ૫ࠒቔູඣሧჷᅫაః۲োᅫ؇ਈཌྷ၂֥ࠎԤb൙ൌഈඣ൞܄ಪ֥ሧჷ,ၹՎᄝളቀࠖଆᇏࡹ৫֥ඣሧჷᅫაളቀ֥ࠖଽݤऎႵ၂ᇁྟbؓႿඣሧჷᅫ֥Ⴈֹো,ӫᆭູඣሧჷႨֹbႮႿඣෛൈࡗބॢࡗٳ֥҃ҵၳྟބ҂၂ᇁ,ྟၹՎඣሧჷႨֹ҂ିೂ۶ֹaਟֹ၂ဢקၬ,ቔᆀಪ,ູඣሧჷᄝ၂ק֥თଽ(ੀთaസࠇ൧)൞नᄋٳ֥҃,ࠧᄝھთଽඣनᄋٳ҃Ⴟھთଽ,ֆ໊૫ࠒഈ֥ඣਈ൞ཌྷ֥bཁطၞ,WillamRees֥ളቀࠖଆЇও֥ඣთ(seaspace forharvestingfishandotherseafood),ࣇࣇ૭ඍсྶ၇ौඣᆃ၂ᇉᆃҌ֤ၛົӻѩളӉ֥ള෮ᅝႨ֥ॢࡗ,൙ൌഈ,ඣቔູ၂ᇕሧჷ,ఃۿିჹ٤ೂՎbඣሧჷ૫ࠒଽۀওਔః۲োֹ(ֹ༯ඣሧჷ૫ࠒ),ᆃ൞Ⴎඣሧჷٳ֥҃หྟၛࠣඣቔູሧჷЧദ֥หׄ෮थק֥bູਔᄝളቀࠖଆᇏಆ૫૭ඍඣთളቀࠖ,طႻсྶડቀളቀࠖଆ෮ေ֥۲োֹ֥ၳྟ,сྶࡼඣთᆃ၂ۀԎའ߄,ࠧთଽඣሧჷႨֹॖۀ߄ູ৫Ⴟః۲ᅫၛຓ֥ྴ
3௹ ߛਟᢞ ֩:ඣሧჷളቀࠖ࠹ෘٚم 1281Ⴈ,ֹఃଢ֥ࣇࣇ൞ࠎႿളቀࠖଆॿࡏଽ૭ඍඣთ֥ളቀࠖ,ބః۲ᅫ൞ીႵ႕ཙ,ՖطЌᆣਔଆᇏ۲োֹ֥ၳྟb෮ၛ,ඣሧჷሇߐӮֹ૫ࠒުࣇ൞၂۱Ԏའඔᆴ,ೞാਔ૭ඍඣሧჷਈ֥ି৯b๙ݖؓഈඍඣሧჷളቀࠖࣉྛनޙ,ॖၛࡼඣሧჷᅫବೆളቀࠖሹ֥ܒӮ,ၛ࠹ෘሹ֥ളቀࠖ,ࡎֹ֥ॖӻ࿃ؿᅚሑঃ ނෘؓའളቀࠖંᇶေ൞ႨႿଖ၂თ֥ॖӻ࿃ؿᅚܙ,ၹՎඣሧჷᅫނෘ္൞ࢸקႿଖ၂თଽbଢభ,ܱႿඣሧჷളቀ֥ࠖ࠹ෘٚم,ၛࠣཌྷႋඣሧჷᅫٳো֥Б֡മഒ,ྷᇏ֩ᄝ࠹ෘᅦျֹളቀࠖᇏࡼඣሧჷٳֹູ༯ඣሧჷބֹіඣሧჷ[14];ࣁെ֩ᄝࣉྛϏളቀࠖٳ༅ൈ৫࠹ෘਔ֎ඣሧჷ[15]bඣሧჷളቀ֥ࠖၩၬॖၛіඍູਆ۱ٚ૫,၂൞ದোᄝളࠃളӁᇏཨݻඣሧჷ֥ݖӱ,ؽ൞ሱಖߌົӻሱദ҂؎ࣉ߄ؓඣ֥ླݖӱb۴ऌႨඣห,ྟႨඣॖၛٳູളࠃႨඣaളӁႨඣބളߌႨඣնোbളࠃႨඣЇওӬᆓंളࠃႨඣބ୪ըंളࠃႨඣbളӁႨඣЇওֻ၂ӁြႨඣ(ݣ୪ြaਟြa྾ତြႨඣaดҀඣބ୪ըവ྾Ⴈඣ),ֻؽӁြႨඣ(ݣ۽ြႨඣބࡹᇽြႨඣ)aֻӁြႨඣ(ݣഅႂြႨඣބڛༀြႨඣ)bളߌႨඣοဗᆽڂ֩ॖٳູފ֡ଽaຓႨඣ,ފ֡ຓႨඣЇওӬ൧ߌႨඣaുֹҀඣ֩;ފ֡ଽႨඣᆷູڿࡾފѻඣߌࣉྛ֥טඣਈ֩[16]b൞۴ऌ࣮ࢲݔ,၂۱ݓࡅބֹ֥ඣሧჷӵᄛ৯ᇏсྶᇀഒ२Ԣ60%ႨႿົӻളߌ[17],ၹՎളߌႨඣቀࠖᆺླ࠹ෘӬ൧ੳֹႨඣၛࠣთଽඣุବି৯ᆭຓ֥༎ಙႨඣ,طఃႨඣनᄝ60%֥ყඣਈᇏb۴ऌഈඍؓႨඣ֥ٳো,ࡼඣሧჷᅫٳູളࠃႨඣቀࠖaളӁႨඣቀࠖބളླඣቀࠖ۱ؽࠩᅫb2 ඣሧჷളቀࠖଆܒࡹ ࠹ෘٚم۴ऌඣሧჷളቀ֥ࠖ૭ඍ,ളቀࠖࡼೂః۲۱ᅫ,ࡼཨݻ֥ඣሧჷਈሇ߄ູཌྷႋᅫ֥ളӁ૫ࠒ∀∀∀ඣሧჷႨֹ૫ࠒ,ಖުؓఃࣉྛनޙ߄,ቋᇔ֤֞ॖႨႿಆ౯ٓຶଽ҂ֹॖၛཌྷбࢠ֥नޙᆴbඣሧჷᅫ֥࠹ෘଆॖၛႨ༯ൔіൕ:ECW=N#ecw=N# w#[W/pW](1)ൔᇏ,ECWູඣሧჷሹളቀࠖ(hm2);Nູದ१ඔ;ecwູದनඣሧჷളቀࠖ(hm∃2-1cap); wູඣሧჷ֥ಆ౯नޙၹሰ;Wູཨݻ֥ඣሧჷਈ(m3);pwູඣሧჷಆ౯नളӁି৯(m∃3hm-2) नളӁି৯ᄝඣ໓࿐ᇏ,नӁඣଆඔ֥ۀູ࠹ෘൈ؍ଽֹູіඣሧჷਈაֹ༯ඣሧჷਈᇏ२Ԣᇗگ࠹ෘਈԢၛ࠹ෘთ֥૫ࠒ,܄ൔೂ༯:p=V/S(2)ൔᇏ,Vູ࠹ෘൈ؍ଽთ֥ඣሧჷሹਈ(m3);Sູ࠹ෘთ֥૫ࠒ(hm2);pູ࠹ෘൈ؍ଽ֥नӁඣଆඔ(m∃3hm-2)bЧ໓ࡼၛ؟୍नӁඣଆඔটख़߂თଽඣሧჷ֥ളӁି৯,ඣሧჷಆ౯नളӁି৯ູࠧಆ౯؟୍नӁඣଆඔbऌൗࢸሧჷ࣮ሧਘ,ൗࢸૄ୍ᄜളྟඣሧჷሹਈჿ442#10ၡm3,ህࡅૌಪູఃᇏ໗קࣥੀਈᆺႵ4414#10ၡm3,ط5#10ၡm3ੀࣜ೬م০Ⴈ,ၹՎൌ࠽ॖၛ০Ⴈ֥ފԫࣥੀਈູ49#10ၡm3,ఃᇏߎсྶေႵԉቀ֥ඣਈᄝࡾފѻᇏЌӻࡲू֥ള༢,ၹՎૄ୍ൌ࠽ॖ܂षؿ০Ⴈ֥ඣሧჷਈࣇࣇᆺႵ
1282 ള ࿐ Б 28ज ࢠն[18]bі1 ൗࢸࠫ۱ݓࡅ֥ֆ໊૫ࠒӁඣਈ࠹Table1 ݓࡅֆ໊૫ࠒӁඣਈݓࡅࠇֹֆ໊૫ࠒӁඣਈCountryWa-2terquantity(#104m3∃km)CountryandareaWaterquantity(#104m3∃km-2)Ϙ༆ᇏݓభ්৳ႆ؇ࡆଦնರЧૅݓൗࢸ नޙၹሰᄝളቀࠖଆᇏ,ႮႿ۲োളളӁྟֹֆ໊૫ࠒളӁ৯ҵၳࢠն,ູਔ࠹ෘࢲݔሇ߄ູ၂۱ॖၛбࢠ֥ѓሙ,۳۲োളളӁ૫ࠒӰၛ၂۱֩ࡎၹሰ,ၛሇ߄ູॖၛཌྷбࢠ֥ളളӁྟ૫ࠒbଖᇕളളӁ૫ࠒ֥नޙၹሰ(EquivalenceFactor)֩Ⴟಆ౯ھোളളӁ૫ࠒ֥नളളӁ৯Ԣၛಆ౯෮Ⴕ۲োളളӁ૫ࠒ֥नളളӁ৯bनޙԩၛު֥۲োള༢֥૫ࠒູࠧऎႵಆ౯नളളӁ৯֥aॖၛཌྷࡆ֥ൗࢸनളളӁ૫ࠒ,܄ൔೂ༯:p/1=pi/ i(3)ൔᇏ,pູಆ౯෮Ⴕ۲োളളӁ૫ࠒ֥नളളӁ৯,piູଖ၂োളളӁ૫ࠒ֥नളളӁ৯, iູؓႋႿpi֥नޙၹሰbֹ૫ࠒ֩ਈ߄ԩ֥ଢ֥ᄝႿٚьݓ࠽бࢠ,ၹູޓሙಒ࠹ෘಆ౯۲োളྟӁਈ֥ሹनᆴ,ൈӁਈૄ୍э߄,ၹՎ,नޙၹሰ֥ѓሙၛ၂,ೂі2൞ଢభ4ᇕ҂֥नޙၹሰܙ࠹ᆴbі2 ۲োֹनޙၹሰ֥ᆴTable2 EquivalenceFactorforsixtypesofecologicallyproductiveareaֹোLand usetypeChambe%rsWWF2000&WWF2002∋EU(߄െିჷႨֹ۶ֹਟֹҤֹࡹᇽႨֹඣთ ြSeaspace ᇿ:%ChambersN,ٳཚնሱಖ֥ঌᄼ.:ؗEarthscanԛϱഠ,';&ൗࢸሱಖࠎࣁ߶(WWF),2000ֹ౯ളଁ৯БۡWorldWideFundforNatureLivingPlanetRoport2000;∋ൗࢸሱಖࠎࣁ߶(WWF),2002ֹ౯ളଁ৯БۡWorldWideFundforNatureLivingPlanetRoport2002;(2002୍ૐളቀࠖБۡ,STOAཛଢEUEcologicalFootprint,STOA2002ႮႿWackernagel෮ิ܂֥ඣთनޙၹሰࣇࣇ૭ඍਔඣთؓඣӁ֥ิ܂ି৯,ಖطᄝഠ߶ބሱಖ֥ᆜ۱ളӁݖӱᇕᇏनླေ၂ק֥ඣሧჷ,ၹՎ,ࣇࣇႨඣሧჷ֥ඣӁളӁି৯ಀनޙః۲োᅫ,ࡼࠞնֹࢆ֮ਔඣሧჷ֥ളӁି৯ؓഠ߶ބሱಖ֥܊ངbЧ໓ၛWWF2000ނෘ֥नޙၹሰູࠎԤ,࠹ෘඣሧჷ֥नޙၹሰ,ऎุ࠹ෘੀӱೂ1bಆ౯۶ֹӁԛᇶေၛܡູᇶ,ߎЇও॓ቔބ۴ࣔቔb2000୍ܡӁਈູ206352ຣ,tनӁԛਈູ3070kg∃hm-2;॓ቔӁਈູ16123ຣ,tनӁԛਈ2176kg∃hm-2;۴ࣔቔӁਈູ69817ຣ,tनӁԛਈູ13247kg∃hm-2,๙ݖނෘ,2000୍ൗࢸ۶ֹ֥नӁԛਈູ3654kg∃hm-2bਁൊ֥ಆ౯नࡎ۬(1995~2001֥नࡎ)ູ1825ჭ∃-1t,ၹՎ۶ֹ֥ಆ౯नӁਈॖᅼෘູຣჭGDP∃hm-2b2000୍ᇏݓຣჭGDPႨඣਈູ610m3,൞ൗࢸनඣ֥4П,ॖၛ࠹ෘಆ౯ຣჭGDPႨඣਈູ;ಆ౯ඣሧჷनӁਈູຣm3∃km-2,ଢభಆ౯षҐ০Ⴈ֥ඣሧჷਈࣇࣇᅝॖषҐਈ(ჿ32400ၡ
3௹ ߛਟᢞ ֩:ඣሧჷളቀࠖ࠹ෘٚم 1283m3)֥8%ቐႷ[17],ၹՎಆ౯ඣሧჷ֥नषҐਈࣇࣇູຣm3∃km-2b۴ऌ1෮ൕੀӱ,ॖၛ࠹ෘԛಆ౯ඣሧჷनޙၹሰ,ࢲݔі3b3 ඣሧჷӵᄛ৯ଆܒࡹࠎႿളቀࠖଆ֥ඣሧჷӵᄛ৯࡙ऎሱಖඋྟaഠ߶උྟၛࠣॢࡗඋྟ,ॖࡼఃקၬູ:ଖ၂თᄝଖ၂ऎุൎؿᅚࢨ؍,ඣሧჷቋն܂۳ਈॖ܂ᆦӻھთሧჷaߌބഠ߶(ളaളӁބളࠃ)ॖӻ࿃ؿᅚ֥ି৯bऎุॖіඍູ:ଖ၂თᄝऎุ֥ؿᅚࢨ؍,ॉ੮֒భ॓a໓߄aุᇅ֥႕ཙ,ᄝ֒భ֥ܵඌ่ࡱ༯,ඣሧჷؓള༢ބࣜ࠶༢ਅྟؿᅚ֥ᆦӪି৯b1 ඣሧჷनޙၹሰ࠹ෘੀӱ ࠹ෘٚم Flowchartforcomputationofequivalencefactor၂۱ֹֹ֥༯ඣሧჷބֹіඣሧჷ२Ԣᇗگ࠹ 1ᇏpіൕ۶ֹनളളӁ৯;pູಆ౯෮Ⴕ۲োളളӁlෘਈުູࠧھֹ֥ඣሧჷሹਈb൞۴ऌህࡅ࣮૫ࠒ֥नളളӁ৯;pwіൕඣሧჷ֥नളളӁ৯; w֥ࢲݔ,၂۱ݓࡅࠇֹ֥ඣሧჷषؿ০ႨੱӑݖູؓႋႿpw֥नޙၹሰbႿ҂ݓࡅaֹ࠹ᆷѓ֥ҵၳ,30%~40%,ᄵॖିႄఏളߌ֥ذ߄,ၹՎ,၂۱ݓpթᄝpll1(ֆ໊:kg∃hm-2)ၛࠣpl2(ֆ໊:ຣჭGDP∃kg-1)ਆᇕࡅބֹ֥ඣሧჷӵᄛ৯ᇏсྶᇀഒ२Ԣ60%ႨႿົ࠹ਈ;pwթᄝpw1(ֆ:໊m3∃ຣჭGDP-1)ၛࠣpw2(m3∃hm-2)ӻളߌਆᇕ࠹ਈbູpაplwऎႵཌྷ֥ਈ۔,ॖ๙ݖྴཌॿ෮ൕ,ၹՎᄝඣሧჷӵᄛ৯֥࠹ෘᇏсྶοഈඍჰᄵ२Ԣົӻളߌ֥ඣሧჷਈ[17]b܄ൔࡼؽᆀߐෘӮ၂ၛຣჭGDP∃hm-2ູֆ໊֥࠹ᆷѓၹՎඣሧჷӵᄛ৯܄ൔॖіൕ:ູECW=N∃ecW=∃ ∃ ∃Q/p(4)ൔᇏ,ECWູඣሧჷӵᄛ৯(hm2);Nູದ१ඔ-1;ecWູದनඣሧჷӵᄛ৯(hm2∃cap); ູඣሧჷनޙၹሰ; ູඣሧჷӁਈၹሰ;Qູඣሧჷሹਈ(m3);pູൗࢸඣሧჷनളӁି৯(m3∃hm-2) ඣሧჷӁਈၹሰі3 ඣሧჷ֥नޙၹሰႮႿোളളӁྟֹ֥ളӁ৯ᄝ҂ֹTable3 Equivalencefactorforwaterresourcesᆭࡗթᄝҵၳ,ၹط۲ֹোളളӁྟֹ֥ൌֹোChambersWWF2000WWF2002EU࠽૫ࠒ҂ିᆰࢤؓбbᄝWLand usetypeackernagel֥ളቀࠖଆᇏ,Ӂਈၹሰ֥࠹ෘٚمࣼ൞၂۱ࡼ۲ֹোളඣთളӁྟֹሇߐӮॖб૫ࠒ֥ҕඔbಒקඣሧჷඣთ2ᅫ֥Ӂਈၹሰॖၛࡼඣሧჷᅫବೆaterspace2,W *ඣთ1ູြ֥नޙၹሰ,ඣთ2ູඣሧჷ֥नޙၹሰackernagel֥ളቀࠖଆ,ࣉྛთॖӻ࿃ؿᅚ֥ളቀࠖࡎbູಒק҂თ֥ඣሧჷӁਈၹሰ,ࡌקൗࢸඣሧჷӁਈၹሰູ1,თඣሧჷӁਈၹሰູھთඣሧჷਈनളӁି৯აൗࢸඣሧჷളӁି৯֥бᆴb๙ݖࡹ৫ഈඍܿᄵ,ಒק҂ݓࡅaֹඣሧჷӁਈၹሰ,ॖၛؓб҂ݓࡅaֹ֥ඣሧჷ܂۳ି৯bඣሧჷӁਈၹሰ۴ऌඣሧჷनളӁି৯ಒק֥܄ൔೂ༯: = / g(5)ൔᇏ, ູඣሧჷӁਈၹሰ, ູთֆ໊૫ࠒӁඣਈ; gູಆ౯֥ֆ໊૫ࠒӁඣਈbࣥੀധᆷ࠹ෘൈ؍ଽ֥ࣥੀሹਈ௫ᄝᆜ۱ੀთ૫ࠒഈ෮֤֥֞ඣҪധ؇,ࣥੀധ֥նཬ౼थႿࢆඣਈބࣥੀ༢ඔ,൞ିܔᆰࢤّ႘۲ֹඣਈ֥پӱ؇֥၂۱ඣ໓ҕඔbၹՎ֒ ູთ؟୍न୍ࣥੀധa gູಆ౯؟୍न୍ࣥੀധ,ο5ൔ္ॖ࠹ෘඣሧჷӁਈၹሰbі4ູοඣሧჷनളӁି৯ಒק֥ඣሧჷ
1284 ള ࿐ Б 28ज Ӂਈၹbಆ౯ࠣ၂ུݓࡅ֥ඣሧჷनളӁି৯ gі1,ݓଽ۲ֹ֥ඣሧჷनളӁି৯ ໓ང[19]bі4 ඣሧჷӁਈၹሰTable4 YieldFactorforwaterresourcesݓࡅބֹӁਈၹሰݓࡅބֹӁਈၹሰݓࡅބֹӁਈၹሰݓࡅބֹӁਈၹሰCountryandareaYieldfactorCountryandareaYieldfactorCountryandareaYieldfactorCountryandareaYieldfactorಆ౯Кࣘࡾ්ܼתϘ༆฿ࣃᆄࡾܼ༆భ්৳ފКνߪݚଲࡆଦն༆ڞࡹᇗ౩ૅݓଽࡾ༆ඹԫႆୄୡתᇜᇏݓࠝਟފଲᄉଲႆ؇ޑࡾК༆ҟರЧഈݚଲ༆ۅౝݚୡ༱ྍࡿ ଆဒ০ႨЧ໓֥֝ඣሧჷളቀࠖ(ൔ1)ၛࠣඣሧჷളӵᄛ৯(ൔ4),ၛࠣࡾ්സඣሧჷӁਈၹሰ( =)ބनޙၹሰ( =)֥౼ᆴ,ؓࡾ්സඣሧჷളቀࠖࣉྛ࠹ෘ,ၛဒඣሧჷളቀࠖ࠹ෘٚم֥॓࿐ྟބሙಒ,ྟᄝՎࠎԤഈ,ؓࡾ්സളඣሧჷളቀࠖࣉྛٳ༅ބฐษbఃᇏࡾ්സ۲୍ٺඣሧჷ܂۳ૼ༥ၛࠣႨඣૼ༥ᅋሱࡾ්സඣሧჷ܄Б(1998~2003୍)b࠹ෘݖӱᇏࡼඣሧჷᅫ༥ٳູളࠃႨඣᅫaളӁႨඣᅫބളႨඣᅫ3۱ؽোᅫ,ളࠃႨඣ༥ٳູ୪ըളࠃႨඣބӬᆓളࠃႨඣਆ۱োᅫ,ളӁႨඣ༥ٳູ୪ြa۽ြބਟତ3۱োᅫbఃᇏളႨඣᅫԢ2003୍Ⴕ࠹ඔऌຓః۲୍नၛ2003୍ളႨඣਈ౼ᆴ,൙ൌഈᆃဢࡼۚܙਔ1998୍֞2002୍֥ളႨඣቀࠖ,ൌ࠽ഈႮႿളႨඣቀࠖбളࠃႨඣቀࠖބളӁႨඣቀࠖཬ֥؟,ၹՎॖၛ؎ഈඍളႨඣቀ֥ࠖ౼ᆴؓඣሧჷളቀࠖࡼ҂߶Ⴕ႕ཙb࠹ෘૼ༥іі5bі5 ࡾ්സඣሧჷളቀࠖ࠹ෘࢲݔ(hm2∃cap-1)Table5 CalculationsofecologicalfootprintofwaterresourcesinJiangsuProvince(hm2∃cap-1)ཛଢ୍ٺYearItem199819992000200120022003ളቀࠖ ളࠃႨඣ Ӭᆓ ୪ը ളӁႨඣ ୪ြ ۽ြ ਟତForest, ളႨඣളӵᄛ৯ളԅሳഠ߶ളӁ֥ޅࢨ؍ࠫެླေඣ,ၹՎഠ߶ؿᅚؓඣ֥ླ൞֝ᇁඣሧჷളቀࠖӻ࿃ሼ֥ۚᇶေჰၹ,ൈႮႿඣሧჷ০Ⴈੱ҂ۚ֝ᇁളӁႨඣᄹӉ္൞ඣሧჷളቀࠖࢠն֥၂۱ჰၹbՖ1998୍֞2002,୍ඣሧჷളቀࠖӻ࿃ഈശ,۲୍ᄹӉٳљູ∃-1capބ0 0240hm2∃cap,ط֞
3௹ ߛਟᢞ ֩:ඣሧჷളቀࠖ࠹ෘٚم 128522003,୍ඣሧჷളቀࠖࢆᇀ∃-1-1cap,༯ࢆਔ∃cap,ӑݖభ4a֥ᄹӉਈ-1hm∃2capbॖၛҩ,୍࣍ࠫটඣሧჷളቀ֥ࠖཬږ؇ഈശ൞ഠ߶ࣜ࠶ؿᅚ֥ླေ,൞ؓඣሧჷ֥০ႨིੱႵਔཁᇷ֥ิ,ۚᆃაࡾ්സ֥ؿᅚܿੰࠎЧ൞၂ᇁ֥bॖ,Ч໓֝ಒק֥ඣሧჷളቀࠖ࠹ෘٚم൞ࢠູ॓࿐ކ֥b5 ࢲݔაษં۴ऌЧ໓ಒק֥ඣሧჷളቀࠖ࠹ෘ෮ླ֥3۱ࠎЧҕඔ:ಆ౯ඣሧჷनӁਈaඣሧჷᅫ֥Ӂਈၹሰބඣሧჷᅫ֥नޙၹሰ,ॖၛ࠹ෘඣሧჷᅫ֥ളቀࠖބളӵᄛ৯,ࠡՎޙਈთ֥ඣሧჷॖӻ࿃ؿᅚሑঃbೂݔඣሧჷളቀࠖնႿඣሧჷӵᄛ৯,ପહඣሧჷᅫԛགྷളԅሳ,ھთࡼ૫ਢඣሧჷ؋ಌ֥າࠏ;ೂݔඣሧჷളቀࠖཬႿඣሧჷӵᄛ৯,ପહඣሧჷᅫള႔Ⴥ,ھთႵቀܔ֥ඣሧჷჅਈ܂ഠ߶ࣜ࠶ؿᅚ֥ླေbᄝWackernagel֥֩ളቀࠖᇏବೆֻᅫ,ࡼ۷ಆ૫֥ࡎ၂۱თ֥ॖӻ࿃ؿᅚሑঃbႮႿᄝಒקඣሧჷᅫ֥नޙၹሰൈ০ႨਔຣჭGDPݻඣਈᆃ၂ᆷѓ,ၹՎ֤ھၹሰაളቀࠖଆᇏקၬ֥ః۲োᅫ֥नޙၹሰթᄝ၂ק֥ҵए,ၹՎؓႿඣሧჷᅫ֥नޙၹሰ,ླࣉྛധೆ֥࣮bReferences:[1] :whaturbaneconomicsleavesout?EnvironUrban,1992,4:121 130.[2] WackenagelM,:,.:NewSocietyPublishers, 17.[3] ,1999,31:315 320.[4] WangSH,MaoHY,,2002,17(6):775 782.[5] WuLJ,YangL,,2006,11(3):1 8.[6] LiuM,HuYM,LiYH,,2006,25(3):334 339.[7] ZhangJH,,2006,28(6):196 203.[8] XuZM,&,2001,21(9):1484 1493.[9] ZhouWH,ZhangKF, acasestudyinBeijing,,2006,26(9):1524 1531.[10] WuZF,HuYH,LiDQ,,2006,28(5):152 156.[11] MaJ,WangDX,LaiHL,,2005,27(5):96 100.[12] LiuBQ,FengZM,,2006,28(1):120 126.[13] LiRB,,2004,10(2):12 14.[14] XuZM,ChengGD, ,2001,21(9):1484 1493.[15] LeiKP,,2003,18(2):197 203.[16] YangZF, :YaoPL, environmentalwaterdemandtheory,:SciencePress, 37.[17] :GuangxiScienceandTechnologyPublishingHouse, 3,120 125.[18] ,1997,2:2 9.[19] :HydropowerPress, ://
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