..ֻ30जֻ1௹ҍࣜྡVol30NoFinaneean2004୍1ᄅ௴ђڛ՛Ѿა֗ਬ൲ࣩᆚఊྍდ(ഈݚҍࣜն࿐ࣜ࠶࿐ჽ,ഈݚ200433)ᅋေ:Ԯ৯൙ြႮႿሱಖ؎หྟط൳֞ᆟکܵᇅ,ၛ؎ᆀദٺࣜႏ֥৯ఒြсྶൈӵք௴ђڛༀၬༀb٢ܵᇅު,৯ਬ൲ࣨᆚ၂ٚ૫յ؎aิིۚੱ;ਸ਼၂ٚ૫ಏؓ৯௴ђڛༀၬༀ֥ൌགྷӁളਔ҂০႕ཙ,ѩॖି֝ᇁܵᇅӮЧ֥ᄹࡆb໓ᅣؓഈඍ໙ีࣉྛਔંٳ༅,ѩᄝՎࠎԤഈࢲކݓ֥ൌ࠽౦ঃิԛᆟҦࡹၰ,ၛ௹ູᆞᄝᄐᇏ֥ᇏݓ৯ਬ൲ڿ۪ิ܂ҕॉbܱՍ:৯൙ြ;௴ᅻڛༀ;ਬ൲ࣩᆚᇏٳোݼ.:F0629໓ངѓ്:A໓ᅣщݼ:၂၂၂10019952(2004)0100960820ൗࡀ80୍սᆭభ,ൗࢸഈ؟ඔݓࡅ֥৯ྛြႮႿሱಖ؎طФܵᇅbᄝሱಖ؎֥ଆൔ༯,၂ࡅԼᆰ၂ุ߄֥৯ఒြᄝหקֹთଽิ܂ؿaൻބ൲ڛༀ,ఒြᄝၛ؎ᆀദٺࣜႏ֥ൈӵք௴ђڛༀၬༀ(universalServiceobligationb)ෛሢ٢ܵᇅᄝಆ౯ٓຶଽ֥ൌྛ,ࣩᆚФႄದ֞ྐaಗగa৯֩ሱಖ؎֥܄܋൙ြਵთb၂ུܵᇅ֒अބࣜ࠶࿐ࡅؿགྷ,ࣩᆚ֥ႄದࡼؓ܄܋൙ြ֥ڛༀඔਈބᇉਈӁള႕ཙ,ྍ֥൧ӆࢲܒॖି൧ӆڭۂੱࢆ֮,ѩ֝ᇁྍࣉದఒြ֥oᆫ,n(creamSkim)ྛູ,ቋᇔᄯӮ௴ђڛༀၬༀ֤҂֞੫ྛb৯൧ӆ٢ܵᇅު,ਬ൲ਵთ֥ࣩᆚିڎ௴ђڛༀၬༀѩթ?৯ਬ൲ࣩᆚ߶ؓ௴ђڛༀӁളહဢ֥႕ཙ?ೂޅؓրؽᆀᆭࡗ֥మᄝ؛?ᆃུ໙ีؓႿഡ࠹ކ֥ਬ൲ڿ۪ٚσ,Ќӻڿ۪భު֥৯܂ႋ໗ק൞٤ӈᇗေ֥b၂a௴ђڛༀ໙ี֥ႮটؓႿ؟ඔ܄܋൙ြ,௴ђڛༀၬༀ๙ӈЇও۱ࠎЧေ:၂൞ڭۂੱေ,ࠧӵք௴ђڛༀၬༀ֥ఒြсྶᄝܿק֥თଽ,ࡼሱ֥࠭ڛༀഥ֞ૄ၂۱ണ౨ཨٮ֥Ⴈ;ؽ൞ॖौྟေ,ࠧ܂ႋഅсྶӻ࿃a໗קֹิ܂ڛༀ,൬۠ರ௹၂၂:20031016ቔᆀࡥࢺ:ఊྍდ(1974၂),୯,ޑࡾݗغўದ,ഈݚҍࣜն࿐ࣜ࠶࿐ჽࢃഽ,ࣜ࠶࿐Ѱൖളb96
ఊྍდ:௴ђڛༀა৯ਬ൲ࣩᆚೂᇏ؎ླ൙భ๙ᆩ;൞ࡎ۬ေ,ࡎ۬ඣေЌᆣૄ۱ཨٮᆀିᆦڱ֤ఏ,ؓ෮Ⴕཨٮᆀൌീ၂൬ٮ,҂֤Ⴕࡎ۬ఆ൪,ᆃπݣሢ္ྸေཟمಆحᆦڱ֥ཨٮᆀ(൬ٮ֮Ⴟิ܂ڛༀ֥ӮЧ)ิ܂ڛༀbႮႿ܄܋൙ြ๙ӈิ܂၂ᇕ܄܋০ၭ෮сྶ֥Ӂࠇڛༀ,ཨٮऎႵࢠ఼֥ᆞຓ҆ྟ,ၹՎః௴๙ཌྷб,܄܋൙ြ֥௴ђڛༀၬༀ҂ၛࣜႏିڎࠆ֤০ູࠎԤ,ط൞ၛഠ߶ིੱູభิ֥b২ೂᄝྐӁြ,၂۱ࣜӈФ۳ק֥ࣜ࠶࿐ჰ൞,๙ݖ՜ࣉ৳๙,௴ђڛༀၬༀᄹ఼ਔຩ༢ؓಆุཨٮᆀ֥ڛༀۿି,ᄹࡆਔಆุཨٮᆀ֥০ၭ,ᆃᇕླٚ૫֥oܿଆࣜ࠶p,္Фӫቔoຩຓ҆ྟpb܄܋൙ြ௴ђڛༀၬༀ֥сေྟุགྷᄝ۱ٚ૫:၂൞ཨٮᆀ৳ކཨٮ၂ུഅࠇڛༀऎႵᆞ֥ຓ҆ྟ,֤֮ؓ൬ದࡅ๖ࣉྛҀ์Ӂളਔ۷֥ۚࣜ࠶ིੱbᆞ֥ຓ҆ྟၩሢሹ֥ڛༀ൬ၭӑݖਔ۱ದ൬ၭ,ߐओ߅ඪࣼ൞ഠ߶൬ၭб۱ದ൬ၭ۷؟b൞ೂݔᆃᇕࠇڛༀ֥ದш࠽ӮЧӑݖਔದш࠽൬ၭ,ପહཨٮਈࡼഒႿഠ߶ቋႪඔਈb¹ఃՑ,܄܋൙ြิ܂֥๙ӈ൞၂ᇕႵၭ(merb,tgoosd)෮໌Ⴕၭ,ࠧᆃᇕഅࠇڛༀՖഠ߶০ၭ֥࢘؇টु,൞෮ႵದႋھႚႵ֥,۱ದಏޓᆞಒקཨٮૌ෮ି֤֥֞൬ၭbࠧ၂۱܄܋൙ြ෮ิ܂֥അࠇڛༀѩ҂ऎႵૼཁ֥ཨٮຓ҆ྟ,ૌ္ॖି൞၂ᇕႵၭ,ЌᆣႵၭቋ֮ඣ֥܂۳൞܄܋൙ြᆟҦᇗေ֥ഠ߶ۿିbֻ,ᆟکԛႿᆟᇍჰၹࠇֹࣜ࠶ؿᅚᅞطҀ์౫ࠇ୪ըཨٮᆀb࣐ܵ৯Ӂ֥ࠣࣜ࠶หྟथקਔ৯ཨٮ҂ऎႵૼཁ֥ຩຓ҆ྟiၹູ৯Ⴈᆭࡗ֥৳๙ؓႿᆜุڞ০ીႵཁᇷڿ,৯ཨٮऎႵఃྙൔ֥ຓ҆ྟbࡅ๖Ⴈ֥௴ࠣିܔ՜ࣉࡅྛြ֥ؿᅚ,ิۚݓࡅࠇֹ֥గ߄ඣ,Ֆطջᆜ۱ࣜ࠶֥ؿᅚb৯ཨٮߎॖၛЌᆣႨӆ෮֥ౢࢱbॖၛཌྷؓࢆ֮ಙ,ऎႵૼཁ֥ᆞຓ҆ྟb৯ߎФ௴ђಪູ൞၂ᇕႵၭbᄝགྷսഠ߶,৯҂ࣇ൞ᇗေ֥ളӁିჷ,္൞၂ᇕޓูս֥ളࠃсླbડቀࡅ๖Ⴈ֥৯ླ൞ົӻᆞӈളࠃ่֥ࡱᆭ၂,ؓഠ߶໗ק֩ٚ૫ၩၬᇗնbЌᆣंିܔᄝॖᆦڱࡎ۬ඣഈ֥ളࠃႨ൞৯௴ђڛༀ֥ᇗေଽಸbؓႿՖ୪ြࣜ࠶ཟ۽ြ߄ሇ֥ݓࡅط,Ќᆣ୪ը৯܂ႋ൞ൌགྷࣜ࠶ؿᅚᅞ҂ॖࠇಌ֥ࠎԤ่ࡱbෙಖᄝંഈିܔᄹࣉഠ߶ڞ০,ᄝൌᇏ৯Ӂြ֥௴ђڛༀѩ҂ି๙ݖ൧ӆࠏᇅሱֹ֤֞੫ྛ,ᆃᇶေჷႿਆ۱؛:၂൞ཟ҂৯Ⴈิ܂ڛༀ֥ӮЧҵၳაܵᇅ҆၂൬ٮჰᄵ֥؛bა௴๙֥അࠇڛༀ҂,܂ӮЧ߶ၹູڛༀؓའ෮ᄝთ҂ط҂,ႮႿದ१ૡ؇aሱಖ่ࡱ֩ٚ૫֥ჰၹ,୪ը܂ӮЧ๙ӈ߶ۚႿӬ൧܂ӮЧbºೂݔܵᇅᆀԛႿഠ߶ڞ০ჰᄵေ܂ఒြؓ෮Ⴕ৯Ⴈ၂൪ಥa၂קࡎ,ପહఒြᄝۚӮЧֹູཨٮᆀ܂ࣼ߶൳֞ാbؽ൞ܵᇅᆀ֥ഠ߶ڞ০ቋႪଢѓބc97
ᄵ.ࢌఒлषഒၫ2004୍ֻ1௹ఒြ০ቋն߄ଢѓ֥؛b০ቋն߄ଢѓေఒြؓ܂ӮЧ҂֥ཨٮᆀ൬౼҂ٮႨ,ؓ҂ିಆحᆦڱ֥ཨٮᆀ๔ᆸิ܂അބڛༀ,طᆻᄝൌགྷഠ߶ڞ০ቋն߄֥ܵᇅᆀᄵေЌᆣ෮Ⴕದၛཌྷࡎ֤۬֞৯܂ႋbၹՎ,ေહ൞ఒြᄝۚӮЧ൧ӆࣜႏ,ေહ൞ఒြᆺࣉೆ֮ӮЧ൧ӆbؽaሱಖ؎่ࡱ༯৯௴ђڛༀ֥ൌགྷ20ൗࡀ80୍սభ,ൗࢸഈ؟ඔݓࡅ֥৯௴ђڛༀၬༀ൞Ⴎ؎֥৯ఒြ๙ݖଽ҆ࢌҭҀ์֥ٚൔൌགྷ֥bԮ৯൙ြႮ၂ࡅԼᆰ၂ุ߄ఒြ؎ࣜႏ,ೂݔھఒြФᄍྸᄝ҂൧ӆࣉྛҵљקࡎ,ପહఒြࣼॖၛ๙ݖؓ҂ӮЧ֥Ⴈ൬౼҂֥ٮႨটൌགྷ০ቋն߄bࡌഡႵ၂ࡅ৯ఒြᄝ၂۱Їওਆ۱҂ো൧ӆ֥თ؎ࣜႏ৯֥ളӁaൻބ܂ႋ,ᄵਆ۱൧ӆ֥ӮЧݦඔ൞҂֥ÀbؓႿޅӁਈሹႵMc,>McZ,ਆ۱൧ӆ֥ཨٮᆀ֥ླྟཌྷb۴ऌഈඍ่ࡱ,ᆃ۱؎ఒြ০ቋն߄֥ଢѓݦඔູ:max၂P۽ql+PZqZ၂el၂e:(1)(1)ൔοঘ൦ݦඔ֝ॖ֤:MRI၂MC,;MRZ၂MC:(2)၂,၂,,၂bb*,.၂a,___/1\.___؎ࣜႏ֥ఒြႵ_/1a:MRm၂p1m၂Zm၂(അ,MRZ၂P)(അ(3,)MC,>MQ۴ऌ่ࡱ(2a)(3)ॖᆩ,ମ>ԕbԛႿ௴ђڛༀჰᄵ,ܵᇅᆀေ৯ఒြࡼࡎ۬ಒקᄝӋބԕᆭࡗ,ѩᄝਆ۱൧ӆൌྛ၂קࡎb၂קࡎ֥ൌᇉ൞ູਔҀӊఒြᄝۚӮЧֹ֥ാ,ܵᇅ҆ᄍྸఒြᄝ֮ӮЧ҆ࠆ֤၂ק֥؎০,ၛьᄝਆ۱҂ֹᆭࡗࣉྛࢌҭҀ์bೂݔ၂קࡎ֝ᇁਔఒြ,ܵᇅ҆ߎ߶ᆌؓᆃ҆ٳ۳ჍҀ์,ၛЌᆣఒြ֥൬ᆦޙbෙಖ৯௴ђڛༀၬༀᄝሱಖ؎ܵᇅ֥ॿࡏ༯֤֞ൌགྷ,ႮႿ؎ࣜႏ֥৯ఒြཌྷؓႿܵᇅᆀႚႵྐ༏Ⴊ൝,ᄝ੫ྛၬༀ֥ൈ္߶ӁളྴБӮЧ,෬ေ۷؟Ҁ์֩ྛູbՎຓ,ሱಖ؎่ࡱ༯ؓ௴ђڛༀӮЧҐ౼ࢌҭҀ์֥ҀӊٚൔЧദߎթᄝሢଽᄝི֥ੱၹb൮༵,ႮႿࡎ۬৫ႿӮЧ,ࢌҭҀ์౷ਔཨٮބሧथק;ֻؽ,ࢌҭҀ์ؓཟۚӮЧֹڛༀીႵӁളޅܝৣ,ၹູ၂۱ࠢթᄝሢ؎০ѩ҂߶Ⴚఒြཟਸ਼၂۱ࠢิ܂ڛༀ,ၹՎ,࣐ܵҀ์Տࠗਔ֮൬ದᆀࠇ୪ըႨ֥৯ླ,ಏીႵᄹࡆఒြཟૌิ܂৯֥ࠗৣ;ֻ,۷ᄦ֥൞,؟ඔࢌҭҀ์ٚمѩໃ൮༵ॉ੮ຩঔಸ֥ଢѓbca৯ਬ൲ࣩᆚᇏ֥௴ђڛༀၬༀෛሢඌ֥ࣉ҄,ದૌؿགྷᄝ৯Ӂြ֥ඹ۱ߌࢫᇏ,ᆺႵൻބऎ98
ఊྍდ:௴ђڛༀა৯ਬ൲ࣩᆚႵሱಖ؎֥หྟ,طؿބ܂ߌࢫᄵऎႵమᄝࣩᆚྟbೂݔࡼြༀა܂ൌྛԼᆰٳ,ຩཟ৫܂ႋഅิ܂ࢤದڛༀ,ପહᄝหקთଽ,ॖၛൌགྷ৯ਬ൲ࣩᆚb৯ਬ൲ࣩᆚູཨٮᆀิ܂ਔ࿊ᄴ۷ູડၩ֥܂ႋഅ֥ࠏ߶,ط܂ႋഅᆭࡗ֥ࣩᆚߎࡼิۚڛༀᇉਈ,ࢆ֮ڛༀӮЧbᄝਬ൲҆ႄದࣩᆚ߶۳௴ђڛༀ֥ൌགྷջট၂ུ໙ีbೂᄝࣩᆚྟ֥৯ਬ൲൧ӆഈ,௴ђڛༀ֥၂קࡎބڭۂੱေ൞م࡙ಸ֥;ܵᇅ֥҆௴ђڛༀေཋᇅਔఒြ֥ᅞॢࡗ,֝ᇁഠ߶ڞ০֥ࢆ֮֩֩b༯໓ࡼؓՎჍၛࡥေ֥ંᆣૼ၂קࡎაڭۂੱေ֥ԊࡌקႵ၂۱ࡥֆ֥aؓ৯ڛༀֆ໊ླྟ֥ཨٮᆀࠢbᄝ໊ӌഅ(๙ӈᆷჰႵ֥܄ඳ)ູૄ۱ཨٮᆀิ܂৯֥ӮЧ൞C,ૄ۱ཨٮᆀ֤֞ሹི֥Ⴈ൞Ubᄝ໊ᆀФܿקཟૄ۱ཨٮᆀ൬౼ࡎ۬P,ೂݔࡌഡཨٮᆀඋႿۚӮЧ൧ӆ,ᄵP<Cb၂۱ࣉದᆀ(৫֥৯ਬ൲അ)ିᄝӮЧcഈิ܂ཌྷ֥ڛༀ,ཨٮᆀՖᇏ֤֥֞ሹིႨູua൬ٮູ,ppᄝᆃ൞҂൳ჿඏ֥(ᆃࡌק௴ђڛༀၬༀᆺ൞఼ࡆ۳ᄝ໊ӌഅb)ഠ߶ڞ০൞ཨٮᆀഺჅބളӁᆀ০֥ሹބ,෮ၛᄝ໊ᆀཟ൧ӆิ܂ڛༀൈ,ഠ߶ڞ০൞(U၂P)(P၂C)၂U၂C;֒ࣉೆᆀิ܂ڛༀൈ,ഠ߶ڞ০ູu၂c,ၹط֒u၂c)U၂Cൈ,ࣉದ൞ژކഠ߶ڞ০ေ֥bᆃ۱่ࡱߎॖၛטᆜູCC)U၂ub۳קᄝ໊ӌഅ֥ࡎ۬,ೂݔࣉೆᆀ֥ࡎ۬ડቀu၂pU၂P,ࠧP၂Uu,pࣉದᆀࣼିܔ་ႄཨٮᆀbᆺေࣉದᆀିܔၛቋն߄ࡎ۬Ҁӊ֥ӮЧ,ࣉದᆀࣼࡼթᄝb๙ݖбࢠᆃਆ۱ؓႿࣉದᆀ֥ഠ߶ቋႪ่ࡱॖၛुԛ,ᆺေP҂֩ႿC,ࣉದᆀ֥ԛགྷࣼ൞ི֥bၹູ֒P>c+u၂u>Cൈ,ࣉದᆀࣉದ൞҂ژކഠ߶ླေ֥;ط֒P<cU၂u<Cൈ,Ⴛ҂߶թᄝࣉದᆀbၹՎ,ೂݔؓྍࣉದ֥৯ਬ൲അીႵ௴ђڛༀၬༀေൈ,ପહࣉದᆀᆺ߶ູ֮ӮЧֹ֥ཨٮᆀڛༀ,طϜۚӮЧཨٮᆀ۳Ⴕ௴ђڛༀၬༀေ֥ᄝ໊ӌഅؓӵք৯௴ђڛༀၬༀఒြ֥Ҁ์ॖି߶ၹູष٢ࣩᆚطᄹࡆࡌഡᄝ֮ӮЧთႵxཨٮᆀ(xࡌഡູཨٮᆀб২,ط٤ඔਈ,)ૄֆ໊ӮЧູ,1(l၂x)ཨٮᆀᄝۚӮЧთ,ֆ໊ӮЧູ,2ᄝቋԚൈᆺႵ၂۱൳ܵᇅ֥؎ఒြ܂ႋ৯,ܵᇅᆀေఒြؓ෮Ⴕཨٮᆀ၂קࡎ,b1<p<2ູਔ҂൳֞ാ,؎֥܂ႋᆀૄิ܂၂ֆ໊֥৯ࡼ֤֞၂۱Ҁ์,ᆃ۱Ҁ์ཌྷ֒ႿनӮЧ၂ࡎ֥۬ҵ,ࠧs၂(2၂x)၂bpೂݔ၂۱మᄝࣉದ֥৯ਬ൲അ҂ӵք௴ђڛༀၬༀ(Ֆط္҂ିࠆ֤ޅྙൔ֥Ҁ์,)ପહᆺ߶ϜӬ൧ཨٮᆀቔູڛༀؓའ;ᄝ໊֥܄ඳགྷᄝෙಖ҂ᄜ൳ֹ֞თनקࡎေ֥႕ཙ,൞၇ಖቋ؟οᅶ༵భ֥pؓ෮Ⴕཨٮᆀ൬ٮbమᄝ֥ࣩᆚӬ൧֥ڛༀࡎ۬༯ࢆ֞ӮЧඣ,ପહᆃൈᄝ໊ᆀ෮֤֥֞Ҁ์ေcc99
ᄵ.ࢌٹषཔቦ2004୍ֻ1௹ᇗྍ࠹ෘsm၂(2၂p)(1၂xb)бࢠ၂༯aބsmؿགྷ,am၂S၂(p၂b1)>oఃᇏჰၹ൞ޓࡥֆ֥,S൞۴ऌᄝ໊ᆀॖିᄝ֮ӮЧ൧ӆࠆ֤ӑح০টҀ์ۚӮЧ൧ӆ֥ࠎԤഈࣉྛ࠹ෘ֥bགྷᄝࣩᆚཨԢਔᆃ҆ٳ০,ՖطᄹࡆਔؓҀ์֥ေؓڞ০֥႕ཙᄝЌਔ௴ђڛༀေ֥ࣩᆚྟ֥৯ਬ൲൧ӆഈ,ఒြࡗ֥ᅞྟྛູ߶႕ཙഠ߶ڞ০bࡌഡႵ၂۱৵࿃֥aοᅶڛༀ֥ܥקӮЧՖ֮֞ۚஆ֥൧ӆಥb,xb¹xrna]ᄝֻ၂ࢨ؍ૌࡌഡഅބࣉದਬ൲അ֥ڛༀڭۂთٳљູ[b,xlxބಥb,xZx,ѩxi>x:(ᆃxlॖၛࢳູ୪ը൧ӆބӬ൧൧ӆ֥ሹބ,طx:ࣇູӬ൧൧ӆb)ູਔٳ༅ࡥь,ૌࡌഡਆ۱ఒြ֥ш࠽ӮЧູb,ఒြ૫֥ؓਆ۱൧ӆ֥ླݦඔປಆཌྷiཌྟླݦඔP၂1၂Q,ೂݔીႵ၂קࡎ֥ჿඏބఃࡎ۬ܵᇅ,ପહਆ۱൧ӆ֥नޙथק൞৫֥,ᄝචܪთ[O,ູ,]Pc၂1/3,ᆃ൞ܞ୶नޙࡎ۬;ᄝ؎თಥxZ,x,x,؎ࡎູ۬Pmb=l/2ܵᇅ҆ؓӵք௴ђڛༀ֥അൌྛ၂קࡎ֥ေڿэਔഅ֥ଢѓݦඔ,۷ᇗေ֥൞ᄝഅބਬ൲അᆭࡗӁളਔ၂ؓཌྷّ֥ࠗৣ:ᄝචܪ൧ӆഈ,അ༐ຬ࿊ᄴ၂۱ࢠۚࡎ۬,ၛьࠆ֤۷؟০ၭbᆃഅཌྷؓႿਬ൲അطԩᄝ၂۱҂০֥ᅞֹ໊ഈb၂קࡎჿඏေഅᄝ؎൧ӆഈ൬౼֥ࡎ۬҂֤ۚႿචܪ൧ӆ֥ࡎ۬,ᆃཌྷ֒Ⴟေഅᄝ؎൧ӆഈԛ൲֥৯ඔਈ֩Ⴟഅބਬ൲അᄝචܪ൧ӆԛ൲֥৯ሹਈ(ႮႿਆ۱൧ӆ֥ླݦඔཌྷ,ᄝࡎ۬ཌྷ֥౦ঃ༯ླඔਈ္ཌྷb)അބਬ൲അ֥ଢѓݦඔٳљູ:ᄝ໊ᆀ:rnaxlq,=q,(1၂q,၂qb)ী၂x,(q,+qZ)(1၂ql၂q:)(၂x,)ࣉದᆀ:rnaxqbl=q:(1၂ql၂q:xZ)۴ऌഈਆൔࢳ֤ࣉೆ֥ਬ൲അ֥ቋႪӁਈ၂1/2၂q,/2;അ֥ቋႪӁਈ൞ql၂1/2၂(1၂ী/2xl)q:,q,֥նཬ౼थႿཌྷؓڭۂੱk၂ູb/xlਆ۱൧ӆ֥नޙࡎ۬Pz֗,၂1/(2,k)ࢺႿܞ୶ࡎ۬ބ؎ࡎ۬ᆭࡗ,P<PuF<b֒k~bൈ,า၂P;n֒k၂1,า၂PbႮՎॖᆩ,၂۱ࢠ֥֮ཌྷؓڭۂੱk֝ᇁࢠ֥֮नޙሹӁਈQ၂(1k)/(2k)ބࢠ֥ۚनޙࡎ۬PLJPbਸ਼ຓ,֒അФေڭۂᆜ۱[O,ູnaxxთ,طࣉೆᆀॖၛሱႮֹ࿊ᄴ֥ڭۂٓຶൈ,Valetti֩ದ(2002)ᆣૼ,അФᆷק֥ڭۂٓຶᄀն,ྍࣉದਬ൲അ֥नޙڭۂთᄀն,൞ཌྷؓڭۂੱk߶ෛᆭ༯ࢆbᆃၩሢႮႿഅބਬ൲അᆭࡗ֥ᅞྛູ,नޙࡎ۬PuPࡼෛሢФᆷק֥ڭۂٓຶ֥ᄹࡆطᄹࡆbႮႿᆃ۱ࢲݔ,ࣉೆᆀބྍᄹཨٮᆀ߶Ֆۚڭۂੱᇏࠆ֤ݺԩ,ط༵భ֥ཨٮᆀᄵॖି൳֞ാ,طުᆀڞ০֥ࡨഒ൞ၹູૌࡼ૫ؓࢠ֥ۚࡎ۬bൈ,ၹູ৯Ӂြѩ҂ऎႵૼཁ֥ຩຓ҆ྟ,ᆃུാࠫެc100
ఊྍდ:௴ђڛༀა৯ਬ൲ࣩᆚ҂ॖି๙ݖຩঔಸط֤֞Ҁӊbਸ਼ຓႮႿ৯֥ॖูսྟ٤ӈ֮,ೂݔఒြᆭࡗၛࡎࣩ۬ᆚսูӁਈࣩᆚ,ᄝ໊ӌഅႵޓ఼֥ࠗৣಀࢆ֮ࣉದᆀ֥ࣩᆚ఼؇,Ֆطࢆ֮ؓପུ۷ႵॖିՖࣉೆᆀପܓઙ৯֥ཨٮᆀ֥ڛༀᇉਈ,ቋᇔႄఏཨٮᆀڞ০ඣ֥༯ࢆbඹaؓᇏݓ৯ਬ൲൧ӆڿ۪֥ࡹၰ۴ऌၛഈٳ༅,௴ђڛༀਬ൲ࣨᆚᆭࡗթᄝሢమᄝ؛,ਬ൲ࣩᆚ֥षᅚࡼ߶႕ཙ৯௴ђڛༀ֥ൌགྷ,മᇀࢆ֮ഠ߶ڞ০bၹՎ,ݓ৯ਬ൲ࣩᆚ֥ྛေᇗྍബ൪Ԯ௴ђڛༀၬༀ֥ൌࠎԤ,࿙ࢳथഈඍ໙ี֥ԛਫ਼b1998୍ၛট,ູਔࢳथᇅჿ୪ըగ߄ؿᅚ֥ᇗն໙ี,ݓಆ૫ఓਔڿ۪୪ը৯ุᇅaࡹഡაڿᄯ୪ըຩބൌགྷӬཔႨຩࡎ۽ቔ,Ԛ҄ࢳथਔ୪ըದ१֥Ⴈ໙ี,ݓ৯௴ђڛༀѩໃᆇᆞ֤֞ൌགྷ:൮༵,୪ըగ߄ඣޓ֮b֞200b୍ָ,ಆݓߎႵཔ76۱,ը16509۱,୪706ຣ,Ⴕ࣍3000ຣದીႵႨഈb½ఃՑ,୪ըࡎඣۚbႮႿ୪ըႨࡎ۬ྟࢠն,ଢభொ֥ۚ୪ըࡎࠞնֹၝਔ୪ը৯ླ,ᇅჿਔ୪ըగ߄ඣ֥ࣉ၂҄ิۚbֻ,Ⴈᇉਈࠣ܂ڛༀඣߎրิۚb؟ඔ୪ըຩཌਫ਼ၘࣜ߄,ᄜࡆഈᄪ௹ཌਫ਼ࡏഡ҂ܿٓ,܂ຩඌѓሙૼཁઋު,֝ᇁ҂໗,๔َbਸ਼ຓᄝಌ౦ঃ༯,ູЌᆣӬ൧Ⴈ,୪ըႨࣜӈᄥ֞ঘᅃཋ,܂ॖौྟಯಖޓҵbቋު,Ӭ൧ದ१֥Ⴈಌك్ൌЌᅰbଢభᇏݓӬ൧ದಕ֥৯ཨٮҀᇹЇݣᄝ၂֥ቋ֮ളࠃЌᅰࣁᇏ,طؓႿၹູطمࢌବٮ֥Ⴈ,܂ఒြࠎЧഈҐ౼๔ծീbݓ৯௴ђڛༀ၂ᆰ൞Ⴎᆟఒކ၂֥৯҆ӵք֥bᄝᆃᇕଆൔ༯,ႮႿ৯܂ႋᆀᆺ൞ᆟک֥၂۱ᆯି҆,৯௴ђڛༀᆟک֥ഠ߶ڞ০ଢѓ၂ᇁ,ၹՎ,ࠎЧഈ҂թᄝ؛b৯ุᇅڿ۪֥ଢѓᆭ၂൞ࡆॹປགྷսఒြᇅ؇,՜ࣉ৯ఒြሇэଽ҆ࣜႏࠏᇅbุᇅڿ۪ࡼఒြႮᆟک҆ሇ߄ູ৫ނෘ֥ఒြ,҂ܵఒြ֥෮Ⴕಃ݂උೂޅ,ఒြေၛ০ቋն߄ູࣜႏଢѓbၹՎ,ೂݔᄝ৯ਬ൲ᇏႄದࣩᆚ൝с௴ђڛༀ໙ีರၭԛbႵႿՎ,Ч໓ؓᇏݓ৯ਬ൲ࣩᆚڿ۪ิԛၛ༯ࡹၰ:ֻ၂,૫ؓ৯ਬ൲ࣩᆚބ௴ђڛༀၬༀᆭࡗ֥؛,࿊ᄴᆭ၂൞٢ఙؓჰႵഅ֥௴ђڛༀေbཨٮᆀॖၛ൫࿙ᅳఃԛਫ਼,ᄝඌᄍྸ่֥ࡱ༯,ሱ࠭ؿ֥ٚم൞ॖྛ֥bྍ࣍ԛགྷ֥ཬಣ৳Ӂඌ(GHP)ᄝࡅ๖ҪՑഈࣼॖၛൌགྷؿ֥Ⴕིܿଆ,طಗਘӽބః֥۲ᇕॖ০Ⴈڄ৯aဝିބᅴగ֥ॖӻ࿃৯ളӁඌ္ູཨٮᆀҕა৯ളӁิ܂ਔॖିbݓ༆҆୪ը၂ུဝିaڄିԉቀֹ֥ປಆॖၛᄝݓࡅ֥ړᆱ101
ᄵ.ᇀಆषཔቦ2004୍ֻ1௹༯षᅚࡅ๖ؿbࡅ๖ؿ֥ܼ࠻ॖၛࢳथ୪ըཨٮᆀႨ,Ⴛିܔᄝ၂קӱ؇ഈࡨԮؿٚൔ(หљ൞િ)ؓߌ֥ಙbਸ਼ຓն৯षؿࡹഡ୪ըཬඣ,ൌྛٳषؿaֹࣼ܂္൞ࢳथ୪ը৯܂ႋ֥ᇗေٚمbᆺေݓࡅؓऎႵ܄ၭྟᇉ֥୪ըඣ৯ؿࣉྛ॓࿐֥ᆟҦႄ֝ބൡ֥֒ሧࣁړӻ,ԉٳטఏֹٚሱദ֥ࠒࠞྟބؿᅚమ৯,ࣼିܔղ֞୪ըඣ৯ؿॹؿᅚaൌགྷ୪ը৯௴ђڛༀ֥ࠎЧଢѓbֻؽ,৯ڿ۪֥ٚσᇏႋھЇݣؓ௴ђڛༀӮЧ֥ܙෘބҀӊଽಸbೂݔေᄝڿ۪ުЌ৯௴ђڛༀଢѓ,ࣼႋھᄝᆜุڿ۪ٚσ֥ഡ࠹ᆭԚಒקೂޅᄝႄದࣩᆚުಒЌఃൌགྷbࠧ၂۱ᇗቆ֥৯Ӂြႋิ܂ቀܔ֥νಆልᇂၛಒЌົӻсླ֥ंڛༀބ௴ђڛༀ֥ൌགྷ,֮൬ೆࡅ๖ཨٮᆀ္ିܔົӻсေ֥৯ླb2002୍ݓᆟکᄝܱႿ৯ุᇅڿ۪֥໓ࡱᇏૼಒݓࡅ৯ࡓܵჴ߶֥ᇶေᆯᄳᆭ၂൞:oڵᄳࡓܵഠ߶௴ђڛༀᆟҦ֥ൌീpbᆃၩሢ௴ђڛༀၬༀၘФବದݓ৯ڿ۪֥ॿࡏᆭᇏbֻ,ႋ࣐ॹࡹ৫৯௴ђڛༀࠎࣁbᄝ৯ਬ൲ष٢ࣩᆚު,ႮႿӵք௴ђڛༀၬༀ֥ఒြᄝ֮ӮЧֹ֥؎০ཨാ,ఒြଽ֥҆ࢌҭҀ์ࡼمົӻ,ܵᇅᆀсྶᅳ֞ྍ֥ٚمཟ֮൬ದᆀބۚӮЧֹ֥ंิ܂௴ђڛༀbᆃᇕྍ֥ٚمႋھડቀਆ۱่ࡱ,၂൞҂ؓཨٮބሧᄯӮ౷;ؽ൞҂ఃఒြാ֥భิ༯ಞ၂۱ఒြࠆၭb۴ऌྐြ֥ࣜဒ,৯௴ђڛༀॖၛ๙ݖݓࡅ၂Ϯඥ൬ބሇ၍ᆦڱุ༢ࠇ൞ࡹ৫௴ђڛༀࠎࣁ-(unlversalservicefund)ൌགྷbଢభݓ֥ྸ؟Ӭ൧ၘࡹ৫ਔंളࠃቋ֮Ќᅰ,ᄝՎࠎԤഈॖၛॉ੮ؓaඣ֩ളࠃႨࣉྛህཛҀ์,ၛЌᆣӬ൧ದ१֥৯ཨٮb൞๙ӈႮႿᆃᇕඥ൬ބሇ၍ᆦڱ༢ི֥ੱࢠ֮,ྸ؟ݓࡅ๙ݖࡹ৫௴ђڛༀࠎࣁ(USF,)টЌᆣ௴ђڛༀၬༀ֥੫ྛbUSFs၂ٚ૫ေ෮Ⴕ֥ఒြࢌବ௴ђڛༀࠎࣁ,ਸ਼၂ٚ૫෮Ⴕژކ่ࡱ֥ఒြॖၛ֤֞টሱࠎࣁ֥Ҁ์bၹՎᄝંഈඪ,USF,ิ܂ਔ၂۱ॺܼ֥ඥ൬ࠎԤ,ѩࡨഒਔoᆫpྛູ,൞၂ᇕ۷ࡆૼ֥a֮ӮЧ֥ࠏᇅbݓႋ࣐ॹࡹ৫৯௴ђڛༀࠎࣁ,ѩ๙ݖஅછ֥ٚൔಒק௴ђڛༀၬༀ֥ӵքᆀބҀ์֥ඔਈbᇿ:¹Ӭ൧֥܄܋ඣஆ٢აԩ༢൞၂۱ׅ֥২ሰbºቋ၂Ϯ֥ࡌഡ൞ႮႿ܂ڛༀླေ๙ݖຩটൌགྷ,طຩ௫ഡ֥ш࠽ӮЧ־ࡨ,܂ӮЧࡼෛሢದ१ૡ؇֥ࡨഒطᄹࡆb»ᆃ֥ӮЧ൞Їݣؿaൻa܂֥ሹӮЧb¼Xba൞൧ӆಸਈb½ၛഈඔऌनটሱᇏݓ୪ըඣࠣగ߄ྐ༏ຩS..b(hpcombn)~102
ఊྍდ:௴ђڛༀა৯ਬ൲ࣩᆚҕॉ໓ང:[1]ArostrongᆶAeeesS,prieingbypassanduniversalServieeಥJ१.AmerieanEeonomiCRe-viewPaPersandProeeedings,,2001(91):297၂.301[ZjGeorgeRGClarke,:providinginfrasturetureServieestoruralandpoorurbaneonsumersಥR१.ᇹeialSeieneeResearehNetwor,kWorkingPa-Per.,2002[3],neompetitiveretaileleetriCmarkets:whithe:thedutytoServe?]SeoialScieneeResearehNetworkEleetronicPape:colleetion,workingPa-Per.,20004a[]VllettiTM,5HHoe,rnigPP:Theroleofuni-formprieingandeoverageeonstra:ints.[J]JournalofRegulatoryEeono,mieS,2002(2).169~190[5xীغ.Ӂြቆᆮં[M.]Кࣘ:ᇏݓದն࿐ԛϱഠ,၂yu(SohoolofEoonooiea,ShanghaiUniؽersityofFiaancoandࠣonomieaShan,ghai200433qina)Abstraet:Owingtoitsnaturalmonopolyfeature,traditionaleleetrie-ityindustryhasbeeneontrolledbythegovernmen,twhiletheeleetrieityutilityservingasamonopolis,,theeompetitionineleetrieityreta-i1inghasbrokenmonopolyandaehievedeffieieney,-retiealproofontheaboveissues,עwoоs:eleetrieityutility;universalservieeobligation;retaileo-mPetltlonc103
