2006쓪11퓂뗚20뻭뗚11웚ꆡꆡꆡꆡꆡꆡꆡꆡꆡꆡꆡꆡ뮪ꆡ뚫ꆡ뺭ꆡ볃ꆡ맜ꆡ샭EꆡꆡꆡꆡꆡꆡꆡꆡꆡꆡꆡNov.,2006astChinaEconomicManagemꆡ,ꇱ맜샭싛첳믹폚풴맛뗄웳튵췢냼햽싔뚯틲럖컶뫎뫬쟾,헔ꆡ?(훐쓏듳톧ꆡ짌톧풺,뫾쓏ꆡ뎤즳ꆡ410083)[햪튪]떱뷱탭뛠웳튵틑뺭붫췢냼ퟷ캪웳튵믱좡뺺헹폅쫆뗄튻훖햽싔쫖뛎ꆣ햽싔샭싛랢햹샺돌훐폐튻횧훘튪뗄샭싛맛ꆪꆪꆪ풴맛ꆣ컄헂퓚뷩짜쇋맘폚웳튵췢냼햽싔뗄탋웰틔벰췢냼뚯틲뗄샭싛ퟛ쫶뗄믹뒡짏,훘뗣뷡뫏웳튵풴맛헢튻톧엉뗄샭싛살럖컶웳튵췢냼햽싔뗄뚯틲,뛔웳튵쪵쪩췢냼햽싔폐ퟅ믽벫뗄횸떼틢틥뫍쿖쪵틢틥ꆣ[맘볼듊]풴맛;췢냼;뚯틲;뺺헹폅쫆[훐춼럖샠뫅]F270ꆡꆡꆡ[컄쿗뇪쪶싫]Aꆡꆡꆡ[컄헂뇠뫅]1007ꆪ5097(2006)11ꆪ0113ꆪ05AResource2basedAnalysisontheMotivationofEnterpriseOutsourcingStrategyHEHong2qu,ZHAOYi(BusinessSchool,CentralSouthUniversity,Changsha410083,China)Abstract:ꆪResource-BasedView(RBV).Basedonintroducingtheriseandtherelativereviewsofthetheoryofenterpriseoutsourcingstrategy,:resource-basedView(RBV);outsourcing;motivation;competitiveadvantagesꆡꆡ뷼쓪살,쯦ퟅ쫀뷧뺭볃좫쟲튻쳥뮯뮯뗄뮷뺳뗄훰뗄쯵킴ꆣ톧쫵뷧뛔풴췢냼뗄샭뷢늻튻,룅삨웰살,늽탎돉,웳튵쓚늿뗄풴쿔뗃풽살풽?랦,캪쇋퓶잿쒿잰샭싛뷧웕뇩뷓쫜뗄풴췢냼뗄뚨틥쫇:ꆰ웳튵쓚늿뺺헹솦,풽살풽뛠뗄ퟩ횯쟳훺폚췢냼튵컱틔믱좡웳튵풴폐쿞뗄쟩뿶쿂,캪좡뗃룼듳뗄뺺헹폅쫆,뷶뷶놣뗄뺺헹폅쫆,췢냼틑뺭돉캪좫쟲웳튵웕뇩퓋폃뗄퓋펪쇴웤ퟮ뻟폐뺺헹폅쫆뗄뫋탄풴,뛸냑웤쯻풴뷨훺닟싔ꆣ죧Sun릫쮾ꆰ튻룶뫋탄뫍듳솿뗄췢냼믯냩ꆱ뗄폚췢늿ퟮ폅탣뗄튵뮯풴폨틔헻뫏,듯떽붵뗍돉놾ꆢ맛쓮튻횱놶쫜췆돧ꆣ쓍뿋릫쮾쫇좫쟲ퟮ듳뗄퓋뚯킬훆쳡룟벨킧ꆢ쳡짽웳튵뫋탄뺺헹솦뫍퓶잿웳튵뛔뮷뺳펦퓬짌,웤닺욷탐쿺좫쟲ꆣ좻뛸,쓍뿋릫쮾벸뫵냑쯹폐뇤쓜솦뗄튻훖맜샭쒣쪽ꆱꆣ뗄훆퓬짺닺뚼췢냼,ퟔ벺뷶뷶뿘훆웸뗦벼쫵뗄퇐뺿폫쒿잰,뛔췢냼룅쓮뗄샭뷢뇈뷏평듺뇭탔뗄쏨쫶폐뾪랢틔벰좫쟲듙쿺햽싔뗄훆뚨ꆣ웳튵뗄췢냼햽싔뗄닺틔쿂벸훖(뇭1)ꆣ짺틽웰쇋샭싛뷧뗄맣랺맘힢,틑폐뗄벸훖샭싛붻틗돉뛾ꆢ췢냼뚯틲뗄샭싛ퟛ쫶놾샭싛ꆢ볛횵솴샭싛ꆢ웳튵뫋탄쓜솦샭싛틔벰퓧웚쳡쒿잰,뛔췢냼뚯틲뗄샭싛뷢쫍훷튪냼삨붻틗돉놾돶뗄샍뚯럖릤샭싛뫍뇈뷏폅쫆샭싛뚼놻폃살뷢쫍웳튵샭싛ꆢ볛횵솴샭싛ꆢ웳튵뫋탄쓜솦샭싛틔벰퓧웚쳡돶췢냼햽싔뗄탎돉ꆣ놾컄돽쇋뛔틔짏벸훖샭싛뛔췢냼튵뗄샍뚯럖릤샭싛뫍뇈뷏폅쫆샭싛,헢킩샭싛뚼놻폃살컱뷢쫍뷸탐ퟛ쫶췢,붫ퟅ훘듓햽싔맜샭훐뗄튻룶쇷엉뷢쫍웳튵췢냼햽싔뗄탎돉ꆣꆪꆪꆪ웳튵풴맛(RBV,ResourceꆪBasedView)뗄뷇11샍뚯럖릤샭싛뛈살럖컶웳튵췢냼햽싔뗄뚯틲ꆣ퇇떱ꆤ쮹쏜틲퓚웤ꆶ맺뢻싛ꆷ뒴솢쇋ꆰ맅뗤ꆱ톧엉튻ꆢ췢냼햽싔뗄탋웰뛸돉캪ퟔ평쫐뎡뺭볃횮뢸(AdamSmith,1776),쯻뮹췢냼(Outsourcing)쫇펢컄OutsideResourceUsing쿪쾸닻쫶쇋샍뚯럖릤뛔쳡룟짺닺싊뗄뫃뒦:(1)샍뚯[쫕룥죕웚]ꆡ2006ꆪ05ꆪ19[ퟷ헟볲뷩]ꆡ뫎뫬쟾(1964ꆪ),쓐,뫾쓏뎤즳죋,뷌쫚;헔ꆡ?(1982ꆪ),얮,뫾쓏뎤즳죋,쮶쪿퇐뺿짺ꆣꆪ113ꆪ
럖릤쪹쎿룶샍뚯헟뗄쫬솷돌뛈쳡룟;(2)뷚쪡릤ퟷ믺믡훷틥뛸닺짺뗄ꆣ뿆쮹뷢쫍쇋캪쪲쎴뺭볃믮뚯펦룃뮻쪱볤;(3)랢쏷탭뛠믺킵,볲뮯뫍복짙쇋샍뚯뗄뢴퓚웳튵쓚늿뷸탐,쯻횸돶웳튵뫍쫐뎡뿉틔ퟷ캪쿠뮥쳦퓓탔ꆣ튵컱췢냼뿉틔뾴돉쫇샍뚯럖릤뗄퇓짬,릫쮾냑뮻뗄뗷뷚쫖뛎,웳튵ퟷ캪튻룶믺릹쓜틔튻훖쫐뎡늻쓜늿럖튵컱냼룸췢늿뗄돐냼짌,볲뮯쇋맜샭뗄뢴퓓탔,ퟶ떽뗄랽쪽ퟩ횯뺭볃믮뚯,뻟폐튻훖ꆰퟩ횯폅쫆ꆱꆣ떱뮹폐훺폚쳡룟돐냼짌뗄튵뮯짺닺싊ꆣ쫐뎡볤뗄붻틗돉놾맽듳,웳튵뇣뿉틔좡듺평붻뮻붻틗ꆡꆡ뇭1풴췢냼뗄쓚몭뷧뚨탎돉뗄쫐뎡뷡릹,틔뷏뗍뗄돉놾췪돉웤횰퓰ꆣ쳈죴웳쳡돶헟쓚몭뷧뚨튵늻쓜ퟶ떽헢튻뗣뗄뮰,붻틗쯦쪱뿉쓜략믘릫뾪쫐뎡ꆣ믹폚붻틗돉놾뺭볃톧뗄맛뗣,웳튵볒쫇죧뫎뛔쓚늿짺췢늿릩펦짌듓쫂폫웳튵헻쳥믲헟닺믲헟릺싲ퟶ돶뻶닟뗄쓘?퓚듋믹뒡짏,췾솮쒷즭\[2\]LohandVenkatraman늿럖짺닺짨쪩쿠맘뗄컯훊믲헟죋쳡돶쇋닺폃탔뗄룅쓮(Williamson,1991),쯻횸(1992)솦풴믮뚯돶닺폃탔쫇붻틗돉놾뗄ퟮ훘튪틲쯘ꆣ뗍뗄닺냑튻룶ퟩ횯뗄늿럖믲헟좫늿IT횰폃탔뿉틔닉폃튵컱췢냼,틲캪뗍뗄닺폃탔틢캶ퟅAltinkemer쓜냼룸췢늿릩펦짌뗄탐캪,평폫췢냼믯냩횮볤컞탫첫뛠뗄릵춨뫍탅쾢붻쇷,뛸쟒췢(1994)릩펦짌듺뇭ퟩ횯샻틦뷸탐맜샭냼믯냩뿉틔뷓떽뫜뛠쿠춬뗄튵컱,탎돉맦쒣뺭볃,쿔좻쓜붵뗍돉놾ꆣ뛸룟뗄닺폃탔탨튪듳솿뗄탅쾢붻LeiandHitt틐삵췢늿풴훆퓬쇣늿볾뫍웤쯻(1995)볛횵퓶횵믮뚯뮻뫍쫂잰뗄릵춨,뷡맻붫떼훂룟뗄붻틗돉놾ꆣ쇭췢,평폚닺폃탔룟,쯹틔횻폐뫜짙뗄뿍뮧듦퓚,폐쪱W캪믱뗃풤웚뷡맻,냑ퟩ횯뗄늿럖짵훁횻폐튻룶,헢퇹췢냼믯냩룹놾늻쓜탎돉맦쒣뺭볃ꆣillcocks믲좫늿IT뫍쿠맘럾컱붻룸뗚죽랽틲듋,룟뗄닺폃탔튵컱펦룃퓚릫쮾쓚늿퓋ퟷ,늻(1995)맜샭펦룃췢냼ꆣG41볛횵솴샭싛rover냑ퟩ횯뗄늿럖믲헟좫늿IT횰쓜붻(1996)룸췢늿럾컱릩펦짌뗄쪵볹볛횵솴샭싛쫇평싵뿋뛻ꆤ늨쳘\[3\]쳡돶뗄ꆣ(MichelPoter,1991)ꆣ뛔폚릫쮾볛횵솴뗄럖컶돉캪쇋늨쳘쳡돶웳튵뛔폚쒳훖닺욷믲럾컱뗄믱좡,뗄뚯첬뗄웳튵햽싔샭싛훐훘튪뗄튻뮷ꆣ룃샭싛죏캪,Louis벴붫쓇킩쿖퓚평쓚늿짺닺믲횴탐웳튵뒴퓬볛횵뗄맽돌뿉럖뷢캪튻쾵쇐뮥늻쿠춬떫폖맘(1997)뗄닺욷믲럾컱뛸듓췢늿릩펦짌솪뗄퓶횵믮뚯,듓뛸릹돉ꆰ볛횵쳥쾵ꆱ,쎿튻쿮뺭펪맜뒦뗄릺싲믱뗃샭믮뚯뻍쫇헢튻쳥쾵훐뗄튻룶ꆰ볛횵솴ꆱꆣ볛횵솴뗄룷튻훖맜샭틥컱믲퓰죎쿲췢늿ퟩ횯뮷뷚뮥쿠솪쾵ꆢ뮥쿠펰쿬,튻룶뮷뷚뗄퓋탐훊솿횱뷓Johnson뗄틆,튻훖룄뇤럾컱뒫뗝폫ퟩ펰쿬떽웤쯼뮷뷚,늢뛔볛횵솴헻쳥퓬돉훂쏼쯰짋,뮹(1997)횯쓚늿풱릤맜샭쒣쪽뗄낲업뿉틔뛔볛횵쳥쾵닺짺뫜듳펰쿬ꆣ틲듋웳튵뿉틔냑쒳룶놡죵뮷뷚췢냼룸짃뎤뗄웳튵살탐쪹,듓뛸룹놾쳡룟볛K평좫쟲뛀솢릩펦짌쿲뿧맺릫쮾쳡otabe릩뗄닺욷뫍평뛀솢릩펦짌쿲웳튵횵솴뗄믮뚯훊솿ꆣ폃쒾춰샭싛뷢쫍,웳튵뿉틔냑ퟮ뛌(1998)쳡릩쇣늿볾뫍돉욷뗄돌뛈뗄쒾냥붻룸웤쯼웳튵훆퓬,쳡룟룃쒾냥뗄룟뛈,듓뛸쳡룟ꆰ죝솿ꆱꆣGilleyandRasheed듓폃뮧떽릩펦짌뗄닺틆,평51뫋탄뺺헹솦샭싛(2000)릩펦짌뢺퓰췢냼튵컱룃샭싛죏캪,놾웳튵펦룃좷뚨ퟔ벺뗄뫋탄튵컱뫍뫋탄폅쫆,죧맻쒳쿮튵컱늻쫇컒쏇뗄뫋탄튵컱,떫쯼21뇈뷏폅쫆샭싛뛔웳튵뗄뫋탄뺺헹솦튲뫜훘튪,쓇쎴뿉틔냑룃쿮튵컱듳컀ꆤ샮볎춼틔펢맺뫍웏쳑퇀뷸탐쎳틗캪샽,쳡돶췢냼룸ퟮ뫃뗄튵릫쮾,듓뛸웳튵쓜릻냑룼뛠뗄풴쇋훸쏻뗄맺볊럖릤뫍쎳틗샭싛ꆪꆪꆪ뇈뷏폅쫆샭싛춶죫떽뫋탄튵컱,뒴퓬뫋탄폅쫆,ퟮ훕쳡룟웳튵뗄뫋(DavidRicardo,1817):죧맻튻맺폫뇰맺쿠뇈폐쿠뛔폅탄뺺헹솦ꆣCaryHamel뫍CꆤKꆤPrahalad\[4\]폚1990쓪캪쫆,늢쪵탐튵뮯짺닺,컞싛쯼폫뇰맺쿠뇈쫇럱폐뻸ꆶ맾런짌튵움싛ꆷ킴쇋쳢캪ꆶ웳튵뗄뫋탄뺺헹솦ꆷ뛔폅쫆,쯼ퟜ뿉틔춨맽쎳틗믱샻ꆣ죧맻퓚룃샭싛훐틔(TheCoreCompetenceofTheCorporation)뗄싛컄,웤웳튵좡듺맺볒ퟷ캪쎳틗훷쳥,쓇쎴뻍뿉틔폃폚뷢쫍튵훐쫗듎쳡돶ꆰ췢냼ꆱ뗄룅쓮,헢뇪횾ퟅ풴맛뗄룯쏼컱췢냼:튻룶웳튵A폫쇭튻룶웳튵B쿠뇈퓚X뫍Y튵탔춻웆ꆣ탂뗄풴맛냑췢늿풴쓉죫웳튵뿉쪹폃뗄랶컱(믲횰쓜)짏뚼폐뇈뷏폅쫆,죧맻A웳튵냑Y튵컱캧,웳튵풴쓜솦뗄뇪횾튲쿲쪹폃풴뗄쓜솦ꆣ췢냼룸B웳튵,A뫍B뚼쪵탐튵뮯짺닺,쓇쎴평폚죽ꆢ믹폚풴맛뗄웳튵샭싛쮫랽뚼뿉틔춨맽췢냼붻틗믱샻ꆣ믹폚풴맛뗄웳튵샭싛쫇듓풴뷇뛈샭뷢웳튵췢31붻틗돉놾샭싛냼햽싔뗄샭싛믹쪯,쯼듓놾훊짏뷢쫍쇋웳튵췢냼튵컱붻틗돉놾샭싛ퟮ퓧쫇평뿆쮹\[1\]쳡돶살뗄(Coase,뗄쓚퓚짮닣풭틲뫏웳튵췢냼햽싔뗄뇘좻탔ꆢ뫏샭탔ꆣ1937)ꆣ붻틗돉놾쫇믹폚탅쾢뗄늻뛔돆탔ꆢ폐쿞샭탔뫍ꆪ114ꆪ
11웳튵쫇풴뗄벯뫏쳥헹폅쫆뗄탎돉쒣탍,룃샭싛죏캪,퓬돉웳튵벨킧닮틬냑웳튵뾴돉쫇튻룶풴뗄벯뫏쳥,쫇풴맛톧엉뗄룹놾풭틲풴폚웳튵쓚늿뗄튪쯘,뛸늢늻틐삵폚웳튵뷸탐샭싛럖컶뗄샭싛믹뒡ꆣ믹폚웳튵풴뗄샭싛ퟮ퓧췢늿뗄닺욷쫐뎡뷡릹,풴맛톧엉죏캪웳튵쫇풴쓜뿉틔ힷ쯝떽Pen\[5\]rose뗄맛뗣,쯻죏캪웳튵쫇ꆰ풴뗄솦뗄벯뫏쳥,웳튵늻춬뗄풴쓜솦쫇퓬돉웳튵튵벨닮벯뫏쳥,뛸럇맅뗤뺭볃톧샭싛쯹죏캪뗄뷶뷶쫇닺욷틬뗄룹놾풭틲ꆣ풴맛톧엉럱뚨쇋뺭볃톧훐맘폚웳튵ꆪꆪꆪ쫐뎡뗄벯뫏ꆱꆣW\[6\]ernerfelt퓚1984쓪랢뇭뗄튻욪뗄ꆰ뫚쿤ꆱ샭싛,벴웳튵횮볤늻듦퓚닮틬탔,ퟷ캪튻훸쏻뗄컄헂ꆶ웳튵뗄풴맛ꆷ뗬뚨쇋믹폚풴맛샭싛룶짺닺몯쫽놻뚯뗄뷓쫜쫐뎡뗄볛룱탅뫅ꆢ짺닺춬훊닺뗄믹놾뿲볜ꆣ컄헂듓풴뗄뷇뛈뛸늻쫇닺욷뗄뷇뛈살욷,훁폚웳튵쓚늿뗄뷡릹뫍맽돌퓲폫웤쫐뎡탐캪늻쿠짳쫓ꆢ럖컶튻룶웳튵뗄햽싔톡퓱,쯻냑웳튵뾴돉쫇쫜룉뗄ꆣ풴톧엉죏캪웳튵틲헆컕뗄풴늻춬뛸뇋듋듦ퟔ짭샺쪷쿞뚨뗄닺뫍풴뗄믽뻛,뛸헢킩닺뫍퓚닮틬,뛀쳘탔풴뫍뫋탄쓜솦룸웳튵듸살쇋ꆰ샮볎풴뷶뷶횻쫇퓝쪱탔뗄폫웳튵쒿잰뗄맜샭랢짺솪쾵ꆣ춼ퟢꆱꆣ헽쫇틲캪웳튵풴뗄틬훊탔,닅쓜쪹뗃웳튵듦Barney퓚1991쓪랢뇭뗄ꆶ웳튵뗄풴폫돖탸뺺헹폅퓚뺺헹폅쫆ꆣ쫆ꆷ튻컄훐,뻍웳튵뗄풴뷸탐쇋룼뷸튻늽뗄럖컶,(2)웳튵풴뗄럇쇷뚯탔평듋떼돶릫쮾죧뫎샻폃풴살믱뗃돖탸뺺헹폅쫆ꆣ잰쏦컒쏇쳖싛쇋풴맛뗄뗚튻룶볙짨,벴웳튵쓚튻룶웳튵뗄풴냼삨놾ꆢ횪쪶ꆢퟩ횯뷡릹ꆢ뷸늿뗄풴쫇틬훊탔뗄,뛸웳튵쓚늿풴뗄럇쇷뚯탔퓲돌뗈웳튵뿉틔뿘훆뗄쯹폐튻쟐ꆣ뛔훚뛠뗄풴폐늻춬쫇웤뗚뛾룶볙짨ꆣBarney퓚싛컄ꆶ릫쮾풴뫍돖탸뺺뗄맩샠랽램ꆣ내헕Barney\[7\]뗄맛뗣,헢킩풴뿉틔맩헹폅쫆ꆷ튻컄훐붨솢쇋튻룶릫쮾풴뫍돖탸뺺헹폅쫆캪죽샠ꆪꆪꆪퟔ좻풴ꆢ죋솦풴뫍ퟩ횯풴ꆣퟔ좻뗄쒣탍,룃쒣탍볙뚨튻룶닺튵훐뗄릫쮾퓚맘폚쯼쯹뿘풴냼삨튻룶릫쮾훐쪹폃뗄컯샭벼쫵ꆢ릫쮾뗄릤뎧뫍짨훆뗄햽싔풴랽쏦쫇늻뗈춬뗄,퓚듋믹뒡짏볙뚨헢킩놸,뗘샭캻훃뫍좡뗃풭닄쇏뗄춾뺶ꆣ죋솦풴냼삨엠풴뿉쓜늻쓜퓚릫쮾볤뫜뫃뗄쇷뚯,틲듋뗚튻룶볙짨통ꆢ뺭퇩ꆢ에뛏ꆢ닅훇ꆢ죋볊맘쾵뫍릫쮾훐뺭샭뫍풱뗄풴뗄틬훊탔닅쓜뎤뻃뗄돖탸,웳튵뗄뎬뛮샻죳닅릤뗄뚴달솦ꆣퟩ횯풴냼삨릫쮾뗄헽쪽뷡릹ꆢ헽쪽뫍뗃틔돖탸뗄놣횤,듓뛸닅쓜탎돉쇋웳튵뗄돖탸뺺헹폅럇헽쪽볆뮮ꆢ뿘훆뫍킭ퟷ쾵춳,돽듋횮췢뮹폐릫쮾쓚ꆢ쫆ꆣ릫쮾횮볤뗄틔벰퓚헢킩뮷뺳훐좺쳥횮볤뗄헽쪽맘쾵쯄ꆢ믹폚풴맛뗄췢냼뚯틲샭싛럖컶(Barney,1991)ꆣHofer폫Sch\]end\[8el죏캪웳튵풴펦췢냼뚯틲샭싛듓뺺헹닟싔뫍샻틦믱좡뗄퓋펪닣쏦룃냼삨닆솦풴ꆢ컯솦풴ꆢ맜샭풴ꆢ죋솦풴ꆢ럖컶쇋웳튵닉좡췢냼탐뚯뛔폚뺺헹솦뗄쳡짽뫍퓋펪킧ퟩ횯풴뫍뿆벼풴ꆣGran\[9\]t퓲냑웳튵럖캪쇹샠,벴싊뗄룄짆뗄듙뷸ퟷ폃,듓쓚늿퓋펪믺훆짏뷢쫍쇋췢냼닆컱풴ꆢ컯훊풴ꆢ죋솦풴ꆢ벼쫵풴ꆢ짌폾웳튵쿠뛔뺺헹폅쫆뗄룹풴틔벰췢냼햽싔뗄폐킧탔ꆣ풴뫍ퟩ횯풴ꆣ컞싛퓵퇹뮮럖웳튵풴,뛔폚믹폚11웳튵믮뚯뗄뮮럖풴뗄톧헟살쮵,ퟮ훘튪뗄쫇춨맽뛔풴뗄뷸탐럖샠쓜풴췢냼뗄뷡릹쳘헷쫇풴췢냼퇐뺿뗄믹뒡ꆣ릻쟸럖돶살,쓄킩풴쓜릻룸웳튵듸살뺺헹폅쫆틔벰Arnold\[10\]죏캪풴췢냼쒣탍냼삨쯄룶훷튪틲쯘:췢냼돖탸뺺헹폅쫆ꆣ훷쳥ꆢ췢냼쒿뇪ꆢ췢냼뫏ퟷ헟뫍췢냼짨볆(Arnold,21믹폚풴맛뗄웳튵샭싛뗄잰쳡쳵볾2000)ꆣ풴췢냼훷쳥쫇뻶뚨췢냼폫럱뗄뺭볃믺릹,쯼(1)웳튵풴뗄틬훊탔뇘탫ퟶ돶햽싔췢냼뻶닟ꆣ풴췢냼쒿뇪쫇췢냼맽돌뗄돐죏웳튵쓚늿풴뗄틬훊탔쫇풴맛톧엉뷸탐샭뷡맻ꆣ풴췢냼쒿뇪폫훆퓬째춸돌뛈뷴쏜쿠맘ꆣ풴싛럖컶뗄잰쳡쳵볾ꆣ웳튵풴쫇웳튵뷸탐짺닺뫍뺭펪췢냼뗄뫏ퟷ헟쫇쯹폐뿉쓜췪돉풴췢냼쒿뇪뗄릩펦짌ꆣ믮뚯늻뿎좱짙뗄짺닺튪쯘ꆣ떫쫇퓚20쫀볍80쓪듺쒩Arnold붫웳튵믮뚯뮮럖캪:(1)웳튵뫋탄튵컱웚,퓚햽싔맜샭쇬폲,맘폚웳튵뺺헹폅쫆뗄퇐뺿튻횱(폫웳튵짺듦쏜쟐쿠맘뗄쯹폐믮뚯);(2)폫뫋탄튵컱놻닺튵ퟩ횯샭싛뗄췢늿뺺헹폅쫆살풴맛쯹훷떼,췆돧쏜쟐쿠맘뗄튵컱;(3)횧돖탔튵컱;(4)뿉엗웺탔튵룃샭싛뗄듺뇭톧헟뻍쫇늨쳘뗄탐튵럖컶샭싛틔벰ꆰ컥컱(뻟폐웕뇩탔뗄튵컱)ꆣ솦ꆱ쒣탍ꆣ내헕탐튵뷡릹뗄샭싛,웳튵튵벨닮틬뗄풭21웳튵풴뗄뮮럖틲쫂살풴폚쯹캽뗄ꆰ헅늮싗ퟢꆱ,훷튪틲캪듦퓚탐튵뇚뛔웳튵뗄믮뚯뷸탐쇋뮮럖횮뫳,뇣뿉틔뻍횧돖웳생,웤훐냼삨맦쒣뺭볃ꆢ닺욷닮틬ꆣ놾탨쟳ꆢ뮻튵믮뚯뗄풴뷸탐뷸튻늽뗄뮮럖ꆣ좷뚨웳튵풴닣벶돉놾ꆢ럖쿺쟾뗀ꆢ폫맦쒣컞맘뗄돉놾쇓쫆ꆢ헾뢮헾닟폫췢냼쒿뇪쫇돉릦췢냼뗄맘볼ꆣ췢냼웳튵풴뿉틔뮮뗈뗈ꆣ떫쫇퇐뺿톧헟쏇훰붥랢쿖춬탐튵쓚늿웳튵볤뗄럖캪죽룶닣듎:뫋탄풴ꆢ췢냼풴ꆢ쫐뎡풴(샮닮틬풶풶듳폚늻춬탐튵볤뗄닮틬,튻룶뗤탍뗄낸샽뻍킡쎮\[11\],2000)ꆣ웤훐,뫋탄풴쫇횧돖뫍랢햹웳튵뫋쫇1990ꆫ1993쓪웚볤,쏀맺웤쯻몽뿕릫쮾뿷쯰룟듯탄쓜솦ꆢ엠폽웳튵뫋탄튵컱뫍뫋탄닺욷뗄풴욽첨믲100틚쏀풪,뛸컷쓏몽뿕릫쮾샻죳좴돖탸퓶뎤ꆣ톧헟쏇벼쫵욽첨ꆣ쫐뎡풴쫇춨맽쫐뎡릺싲뗄훊폅볛솮뗄뇪훰붥냑쒿맢듓웳튵췢늿쿲웳튵쓚늿,맘힢웳튵쓚늿ힼ닺욷믲풴,뛔웳튵닺욷믲럾컱뗄뛀쳘욷훊컞듳뗄뗄뺺헹폅쫆살풴ꆣ평듋믹폚웳튵풴맛톧엉훰붥탎돉ꆣퟷ폃ꆣ췢냼풴폫웳튵뗄뫋탄튵컱맽돌맘솪돌뛈잿,믹폚풴뗄샭싛춻웆쇋닺튵ퟩ횯샭싛맘폚웳튵뺺캪웳튵쳡릩쳘뚨쫴탔뗄닺욷믲럾컱,펰쿬뫋탄닺욷뗄ꆪ115ꆪ
훊솿뫍벨킧ꆣ췢냼웳튵뗄풴닣벶죧춼1쯹쪾ퟢꆱ,죏캪웳튵헆컕뗄풴늻춬뛸뇋듋듦퓚닮틬,쯼잿뗷풴뗄쾡좱탔듸살뗄ퟢ뷰벴ꆰ샮볎춼ퟢ뷰ꆱꆣ웳튵쪵쪩췢냼햽싔뚯틲뗄뫜듳튻늿럖풭틲쫇뿉틔뒴퓬ꆰ샮볎춼ퟢꆱ,ꆰ샮볎춼ퟢꆱ뗄믱뗃훷튪뇭쿖퓚돉놾뗄뷚풼뫍훊솿뗄쳡룟짏ꆣ췢냼뿉틔쪹뗃웳튵듓췢늿쫐뎡릺죫쒳킩뒴퓬볛횵뗄믮뚯웤볛룱뗍폚웳튵ퟔ벺췪돉헢킩믮뚯뗄돉놾ꆣ웳튵늻짃뎤헢킩믮뚯뗄튻훖뇭쿖뻍쫇췪돉헢킩믮뚯뗄돉놾뇈뷏룟ꆣ쿠펦뗄,평폚뷶뷶쳡릩쒳훖떥튻뗄럾컱,튵뗄췢늿쳡릩헟뻍뿉틔탄춼1ꆡ췢냼웳튵뗄풴닣벶훂횾뗄헒떽쓇킩죝틗뗃떽룄짆뗄쇬폲뫍퓚듋믹뒡짏믱뗃돉릦뇘탨뗄횪쪶,듓뛸듳듳붵뗍헢킩믮뚯뗄돉놾ꆣ31웳튵췢냼뚯틲럖컶춬쪱,헢킩튵릫쮾뿉틔캪뛠볒웳튵쳡릩튵럾컱듓컞싛쫇뛔웳튵쓚늿뗄튵컱뷸탐쇋뮮럖,뮹쫇뛔횧뛸뿉틔쪵쿖맦쒣뺭펪붵뗍돉놾ꆣ듋췢,헢킩튵릫쮾독웳튵튵컱뗄풴뷸탐뗄뮮럖,톧헟쏇뚼쿫럖컶돶웳뮹뿉틔샻폃럾컱맽돌훐뺭퇩뗄늻뛏퓶볓살붵뗍돉놾ꆣ튵뺿뺹룃췢냼돶웳튵쓄튻늿럖튵컱믲헟풴ꆣ쯻쏇뚼웳튵췢냼쓜뒴퓬뺭볃ퟢ뗄쇭튻룶뇭쿖뻍쫇쓜릻쳡룟닺죏캪췢냼뗄뛔쿳펦룃쫇웳튵늻뻟놸뫋탄쓜솦뗄쓇늿럖욷훊솿ꆣ췢늿쳡릩헟뗄튵뮯폅쫆쪹뗃쯻쏇쓜릻룼룟췢냼돶좥,뛸뻟놸뫋탄쓜솦뗄늿럖퓲펦룃쇴퓚웳튵쓚훊솿뗘췪돉쓇킩웳튵늻짃뎤뗄볛횵믮뚯ꆣ췢늿쳡릩헟늿ꆣ헢폫풴맛톧엉톧헟뗄럖컶랽램쫇튻훂뗄ꆣ뺿웤뿉틔힢폚떥튻뗄튵컱퓚룃튵컱짏랢햹돶벫듳뗄풴웳튵튪냑늻뻟놸뫋탄쓜솦뗄쓇늿럖췢냼돶좥뗄풭틲폅쫆ꆢ벼쫵폅쫆뫍죋닅폅쫆,웤캪웳튵쳡릩뗄볛횵믮,ퟷ헟믹폚풴맛톧엉뗄맛뗣,ퟷ죧쿂럖컶뚯튲뻍뻟폐풶룟폚튻냣쮮욽뗄훊솿ꆣ춨맽췢냼쳡룟헢:킩볛횵믮뚯뗄훊솿웳튵뻍쓜뇈뺺헹뛔쫖쳡릩룸맋뿍룼(1)믱뗃풴뗄톡퓱폫늹돤웳튵풴맛톧엉죏캪,웳튵쫇풴뗄벯뫏쳥,룟뗄닺욷볛횵ꆢ럾컱볛횵ꆢ죋풱볛횵뫍탎쿳볛횵,믲풴퓚웳튵쓚늿튲쫇뻟폐럇쇷뚯탔뗄,폐킩풴쫇늻쓜헟뇈뺺헹뛔쫖룼쿔훸뗄붵뗍맋뿍뗄쪱볤돉놾ꆢ뺫솦돉놻췪좫붻틗뗄ꆣ떱춨맽쫐뎡붻뮻믲헟뫏늢ꆢ늢릺늻쓜놾뫍쳥솦돉놾ꆣ믱뗃폐볛횵뗄풴쪱(3)놣돖웳튵돖탸뺺헹폅쫆,웳튵뇣뿉틔춨맽췢냼폫웤쯻웳튵럖쿭믲헟붻뮻헢킩풴ꆣ웳튵뗄췢냼햽싔뿉틔쪹뗃Barney\[13\]퓚1991랢뇭뗄ꆶ웳튵풴폫돖탸뺺헹폅췢늿릩펦헟캪웳튵췪돉쓇킩쯼늢늻짃뎤뗄볛횵믮뚯쫆ꆷ튻컄훐,좫쏦닻쫶웳튵풴폫돖탸뺺헹폅쫆횮볤,듓뛸쪹웳튵힢폚ퟔ벺뗄뫋탄튵컱짏ꆣ뫜짙폐웳튵펵뗄맘쾵벰웤탔훊뗄컄쿗ꆣBarney횸돶튻룶웳튵뻟폐돖폐퓚쯹폐훷튪뫍뢨훺튵컱훐냑볛횵믮뚯ퟶ떽ퟣ릻싺ퟣ탸뺺헹폅쫆,쫇횸떱헢룶웳튵헽퓚쪵쪩튻쿮볛횵뒴퓬쯹튪쟳뗄풴뫍쓜솦ꆣ춨맽뛔웳튵쓚늿풴뫍튵컱뗄햽싔쪱,웳튵쿖퓚뗄뺺헹뛔쫖믲잱퓚뗄뺺헹뛔쫖쒿잰뮮럖늻뷶뮹쎻폐쪵쪩춬퇹뗄볛횵뒴퓬햽싔,뛸쟒튲늻쓜릻,웳튵쓜릻쟥돾ퟔ짭짃뎤틔벰쾡좱뗄풴,췢냼죃췢늿쳡릩헟살췪돉쓇킩웳튵늻짃뎤뗄릤ퟷ,뛸헢킩뢴훆헢훖볛횵뒴퓬햽싔ꆣ퓚헢욪컄헂훐,Barney쳡돶릤ퟷ폖잡잡쫇쯻쏇뫜짃뎤뗄;뛸웳튵ퟔ짭죴폐늻짃뎤뗄믹놾볙짨쫇,웳튵뗄햽싔풴쫇늻뻹퓈뗘럖늼퓚뺺뗄튵컱틔벰풴,뇣뿉틔췢냼돶좥,믱뗃톡퓱킧펦ꆣ헹뗄웳튵횮볤뗄,뛸쟒헢훖쿖쿳믡뎤웚듦퓚ꆣ쯻죏캪,웳튵풴맛톧엉죏캪웳튵뗄풴쫇틬훊탔뗄튲쫇늢럇쯹폐뗄웳튵풴뻟폐뒴퓬돖탸뗄뺺헹폅쫆뗄잱솦,쇭튻룶잰쳡볙짨쳵볾ꆣ쓜릻룸웳튵듸살돖탸뗄뺺헹폅쫆뗄풴뇘탫뻟폐틔쿂P2\]etera\[1f횸돶,평폚풴쫐뎡쯄룶쳘헷:(1)쯼뇘탫쫇폐볛횵뗄,퓚튻뚨뗄틢틥짏뗄늻췪좫탔뫍웳튵퓚뾪랢뫍엤훃풴뗄맜샭뻶닟짏뗄붲,쯼쓜릻샻폃웳튵뮷뺳훐뗄믺믡늢쿻돽뮷뺳훐뗄췾닮틬,늻춬웳튵쯹뿘훆뗄풴늻뿉뇜쏢뗘듦퓚틬훊탔ꆣ킲;(2)퓚웳튵쿖쪵뗄뫍잱퓚뗄뺺헹훐,쯼뇘탫쫇쾡뛔폚맜샭헟뛸퇔,쯻쏇쏦쇙뗄쳴햽뻍쫇쪶뇰ꆢ뾪랢ꆢ좱뗄;(3)쯼뇘탫쫇쓑틔췪좫쒣럂뗄;(4)평폚헢훖놣뮤뫍엤훃웳튵뗄풴ꆣ뛸쟒쓇킩폫뺺헹뛔쫖쿠뇈뻟풴쫇폐볛횵뗄,뛸쟒뮹쫇쾡좱뗄믲쓑틔췪좫쒣럂뗄,폐뛀쳘탔믲폅풽탔뗄풴,죧맻춨맽웳튵뗄췢냼햽싔쯹틔뮷뺳훐쎻폐햽싔탔뗄쳦듺컯듦퓚ꆣ쓜릻폫웳튵쯹뒦뗄췢늿뮷뺳뷸탐폐킧뗄욥엤,쓇쎴쯼룹뻝Barney헢튻컄쿗럖컶,웳튵펦룃춨맽럖컶ꆢ쏇뻍믡돉캪웳튵뺺헹폅쫆뗄믹뒡ꆣ쪶뇰돶뻟폐볛횵뗄ꆢ쾡좱뗄ꆢ늻쓜놻쒣럂뗄뫍쎻폐쳦(2)뒴퓬뺭볃ퟢ듺컯뗄풴,헢붫돉캪웳튵쓚늿뗄뫋탄풴,횧독웳뺭볃ퟢ쫇횸횧뢶룸풴쯹폐헟뗄뿮쿮훐뎬맽쓇킩튵뗄뫋탄튵컱,평듋믱뗃웳튵뗄돖탸뺺헹폅쫆ꆣ릫쮾풴퓚죎뫎뿉쳦듺뗄폃춾훐쯹뗃떽뗄뿮쿮훐뗄쓇늿럖,벯훐뫋탄튵컱뗄춬쪱,뿉틔붫럇뫋탄튵컱췢냼,튻떩벴뎬맽믺믡돉놾뗄쫕죫ꆣ풴맛톧엉죏캪웳튵쫇풴붫풴벯훐폚짙솿뗄릤ퟷ짏,웳튵뇣뿉틔퓚헢킩릤ퟷ쓜솦뗄벯뫏쳥,웳튵늻춬뗄풴쓜솦쫇퓬돉웳튵튵벨짏듳솦춶죫랢햹돶뛔쫖컞램쒣럂튲쓑틔헒떽쳦듺욷뗄닮틬뗄룹놾풭틲ꆣ풴맛톧엉럱죏쇋뺭볃톧훐맘폚웳풴,뫏샭샻폃늢늻뛏랢햹헢훖풴뗄쓜솦뻍릹돉쇋튵늻듦퓚닮틬뗄볙짨,럱죏쇋탐튵뷡릹샭싛죏캪웳튵웳튵뗄뫋탄뺺헹솦;췢냼뮹뿉틔뺡뿉쓜뗄뺫볲웳튵뗄튵벨뗄닮틬쫇평탐튵뇚생쯹듸살,벴쯹캽뗄ꆰ헅늮싗맦쒣,폖좷놣웳튵튵컱뗄쮳샻뾪햹,듓뛸뇜쏢틲ퟩ횯ꆪ116ꆪ
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