宁夏大学硕士学位论文基于粒子群优化的聚类算法研究姓名：郭少坤申请学位级别：硕士专业：计算数学指导教师：高岳林2011-03
햪튪?뻛샠럖컶쫇쫽뻝풤뒦샭뗄튻훖훘튪릤뻟?쫇튻훖컞볠뚽럖샠랽램?볆쯣믺벰췸싧벼쫵뗄랢햹?캪뻛샠럖컶뗄펦폃쳡릩쇋맣삫뗄컨첨ꎻ쳘뇰쫇퓚쒣쪽쪶뇰ꆢ춼쿱럖룮ꆢ볆쯣믺쫓뻵뫍쒣뫽뿘훆뗈훮뛠쇬폲?뻛샠럖컶뚼냧퇝ퟅ훘튪뗄뷇즫??쯦ퟅ웤펦폃뗄췘맣?뒫춳뗄뻛샠럖컶랽램헽쏦쇙ퟅ풽살풽듳뗄쳴햽?쳘뇰쫇퓚헽좷뗄럖샠뫍듳쫽뻝벯벰룟캬쫽뻝뗄뒦샭짏?뒫춳뻛샠랽램폐쪱뫲룹놾뻍늻쓜췪돉죎컱??놾컄춨맽뛔솣ퟓ좺쯣램뫍뻛샠랽램뗄첽쯷ꎬ헫뛔짏쫶컊쳢ퟶ돶죧쿂릤ퟷꎺ???ꆢ뛔믹폚뒫춳뻠샫뗄뻛샠쯣램퓚룟캬쫽뻝뻛샠훐쯹쏦쇙뗄삧쓑벰뒫춳뻠샫뛈솿룟캬쫽뻝뛔뇈탔쿂붵뗄컊쳢?컄훐뚨틥쇋튻훖쏦쿲룟캬쫽뻝뗄뻠샫뛈솿?살룄짆뻛샠쯣램퓚뒦샭룟캬쫽뻝쪱뗄탔쓜?캪뿋럾뮮럖랽램죝틗쿝죫뻖늿ퟮ폅뗄좱쿝?붫횮폫훇쓜쯣램훐솣ퟓ좺쯣램쿠뷡뫏?틔훖좺톰폅뗄랽쪽?톰헒좫뻖ퟮ폅뷢???ꆢ붫솣ퟓ좺폅뮯쯣램짆폚좫뻖톰폅뗄쳘뗣뫍뻛샠쯣램훐뗄뇆뷼쮼쿫뷡뫏쳡돶쇋믹폚솣ퟓ좺뗄뚯첬뻛샠쯣램?웤훷튪쮼쿫쫇ꎺ쫗쿈?붫헻룶뗄뻛샠맽돌뾴ퟷ튻룶뢴퓓뗄폅뮯컊쳢?좻뫳춨맽킧폃몯쫽뗄에뚨훰닣뷸뮯ꆢ훰늽톰헒ퟮ폅뗄뻛샠벰뻛샠샠뇰쫽쒿?벴퓚늻뛏뗄뷸뮯뫍뇆뷼맽돌훐뗃떽ퟮ폅뷢?퓚룃쯣램훐?컒쏇쪹폃킧폃몯쫽살움볛톰폅뷡맻뗄폅쇓?맊킧폃몯쫽톡퓱폈캪훘튪??″ꆢ퓚룟캬쫽뻝뗄뻛샠벰샠뇰뗄톰폅짏?컄훐붫뚨틥뗄뻠샫펦폃폚믹폚쮫솣ퟓ좺뗄뚯첬뻛샠쯣램훐?늢룄킴쇋킧폃몯쫽?ퟮ뫳?뛔룟캬쫽뻝뗄뻛샠톰폅ퟶ쇋폐틦뗄뎢쫔???맘볼듊ꎺ솣ퟓ좺폅뮯ꎻ뻛샠럖컶ꎻ쒣뫽뻛샠ꎻ킧폃횸뇪? I
䅢獴牡捴?Cluster analysis is an important tool for data preprocessing and an unsupervised classification method. The application of cluster analysis is becoming broader as the development of computer and network technology. Cluster analysis is playing an important role, especially in pattern recognition, image segmentation, computer vision and fuzzy control, and many other fields. Along with the extension of the application of the cluster analysis, the traditional method of cluster analysis is facing increasing challenges, particularly in proper classification, large data sets and high-dimensional data processing; sometimes the traditional clustering method can not complete the task. In this paper, we study the particle swarm optimization and clustering method. To address these issues, we do some work as follows: 1. For the difficulties of the clustering high dimensional date by the traditional distance-based clustering algorithm and the problem of declining contrast in the high dimensional data by traditional this paper, we define a new distance to measure the high dimensional data, and to improve the performance of clustering algorithm addressing the high dimensional data. To overcome the shortcomings of partitional methods which are easy to fall into local optimization, we combined the particle swarm optimization with partional methods to find the global optimization. 2. In this paper, we proposed dynamic clustering based on particle swarm algorithm. In this algorithm, we combined the particle swarm optimization that is good at finding global optimization with the approximation idea of clustering algorithms. The main idea of the clustering algorithm: firstly, the whole problem of unsupervised clustering regarding as a complex optimization problem, then through the utility function to determine the gradual evolution of clustering step by step and to find the optimal number of classes, . it obtains the optimal solution in the process of evolution. In this algorthim, we use the utility function to evaluate the results of the pros and cons, so it is very important to select the utility function. 3. On the optimization of clustering and classes of high dimensional data, we give a new distance measurement and use it in the dynamic clustering algorithm based on double-particle swarm algorithm, then rewrite the utility function which used to determine the classes. Finally, we made a good attempt for the high dimensional data of clustering and optimization classes. Keywords: Particle Swarm Optimizationꎻ Cluster analysisꎻ Fuzzy clusteringꎻ Utility Index II
뛀?뒴?탔?짹?쏷?놾죋짹쏷쯹돊붻뗄싛컄쫇컒룶죋퓚떼쪦횸떼쿂뷸탐뗄퇐뺿릤ퟷ벰좡뗃뗄퇐뺿돉맻?뺡컒쯹횪?돽쇋컄훐쳘뇰볓틔뇪힢뫍훂킻뗄뗘랽췢?싛컄훐늻냼몬웤쯻죋틑뺭랢뇭믲킴맽뗄퇐뺿돉맻?튲늻냼몬캪믱뗃쓾쿄듳톧믲웤쯼뷌폽믺릹뗄톧캻믲횤쫩뛸쪹폃맽뗄닄쇏?폫컒튻춬릤ퟷ뗄춬횾뛔놾퇐뺿쯹ퟶ뗄죎뫎릱쿗뻹틑퓚싛컄훐ퟷ쇋쏷좷뗄쮵쏷늢뇭쪾쇋킻틢? 퇐뺿짺잩쏻ꎺ 쪱볤ꎺ 쓪 퓂† 죕 ???맘폚싛컄쪹폃쫚좨뗄쮵쏷?놾죋췪좫쇋뷢쓾쿄듳톧폐맘놣쇴ꆢ쪹폃톧캻싛컄뗄맦뚨?벴ꎺ톧킣폐좨놣쇴쯍붻싛컄뗄뢴펡볾뫍듅엌?퓊탭싛컄놻닩퓄뫍뷨퓄?뿉틔닉폃펰펡ꆢ쯵펡믲즨쏨뗈뢴훆쫖뛎놣듦ꆢ믣뇠톧캻싛컄?춬틢쓾쿄듳톧뿉틔폃늻춬랽쪽퓚늻춬쎽쳥짏랢뇭ꆢ뒫능톧캻싛컄뗄좫늿믲늿럖쓚죝? (놣쏜뗄톧캻싛컄퓚뷢쏜뫳펦ퟱ쫘듋킭틩) 퇐뺿짺잩쏻ꎺ 쪱볤ꎺ††쓪 퓂? 죕 떼쪦잩쏻ꎺ 쪱볤ꎺ††?쓪 퓂? 죕???????
쓾쿄듳톧쮶쪿싛컄 뗚튻헂 탷싛 뗚튻헂†탷싛? 퇐뺿놳뺰벰틢틥 쯦ퟅ볆쯣믺벼쫵ꆢ췸싧벼쫵뫍탅쾢벼쫵뗄톸쯙랢햹?튻킩맦쒣뻞듳쟒뷡릹뢴퓓뗄쫽뻝퓚뿆톧뫍릤돌펦폃쇬폲늻뛏돶쿖?죧뫎뒦샭헢킩쫽뻝늢듓훐뗃떽폐틦뗄탅쾢?풽살풽틽웰죋쏇뗄웕뇩맘힢?듳맦쒣뢴퓓쫽뻝벯뗄돶쿖뛔뻛샠럖컶벼쫵쳡돶쇋쳘쫢뗄쳴햽?쯼튪쟳뻛샠쯣램뻟폐뿉짬쯵탔ꆢ뒦샭늻춬샠탍쫽뻝ꆢ랢쿖죎틢탎ힴ뗄듘ꆢ뒦샭룟캬쫽뻝뗄쓜솦뗈?늢튪쟳뻛샠뷡맻뛔폃뮧살쮵펦룃쫇뿉에뛏뗄ꆢ쓜샭뷢뗄뫍뿉폃뗄?쏦뛔헢킩컊쳢폫튪쟳?뒫춳뗄뻛샠럖컶랽램틑뺭쿔뗃컞쓜캪솦?평폚좺훇쓜쯣램잱퓚뗄늢탐탔뫍럖늼쪽쳘뗣쪹웤쓜릻뒦샭틔쫽뻝뿢탎쪽듦퓚뗄듳솿쫽뻝?뻛샠컊쳢뿉틔놻뾴돉튻룶뢴퓓뗄좫뻖폅뮯컊쳢?틲듋?튻킩톧헟쏇뾪쪼뎢쫔폃룷훖훇쓜쯣램살뷢뻶뻛샠컊쳢?뇈죧솣ퟓ좺폅뮯쯣램ꆢ틅뒫쯣램ꆢ쒣쓢췋믰쯣램ꆢ닮럖뷸뮯쯣램?떫쫇퓚쪹폃훇쓜쯣램뷢뻶뻛샠컊쳢뗄랽쏦퇐뺿쪱?듳늿럖쯣램퇐뺿벯훐퓚쫽횵탍쫽뻝뻛샠컊쳢짏?뛸뛔폚럖쫽횵탍쫽뻝뗄뻛샠컊쳢틔벰룟캬쫽뻝뻛샠컊쳢랽쏦뗄퇐뺿뮹늻뛠볻⸠쯦ퟅ췸싧벼쫵벰볆쯣믺벼쫵뗄량쯙랢햹?뛔튻킩맦쒣뻞듳쟒뷡릹뢴퓓뗄쫽뻝?쳘뇰쫇룟캬쫽뻝뗄뻛샠쓜솦뗄튪쟳좴죕틦웈쟐?? 뿎쳢뗄맺쓚췢퇐뺿쿖ힴ ㄮ㈮?솣ퟓ좺폅뮯쯣램?솣ퟓ좺폅뮯쯣램嬱?쫇평Kennedy뫍?Eberhart폚1995쓪쳡돶?헢훖쯣램쒣쓢쇋쓱좺량탐쏙쪳뗄탐캪?춨맽룶쳥횮볤뗄벯쳥킭ퟷ뫍뺺헹살쪵쿖좫뻖쯑쯷?평폚쯣램쪵쿖죝틗ꆢ쫕솲뺫뛈룟ꆢ쫕솲쯙뛈뿬뗈폅뗣?듓뛸틽웰쇋톧쫵뷧뗄훘쫓?늢퓚뷢뻶쪵볊컊쳢훐햹쪾쇋웤폅풽탔?퓚솣ퟓ좺쯣램훐?튻킩볲떥뗄룶쳥?솣ퟓ?캻폚쒳튻컊쳢믲몯쫽뗄쯑쯷뿕볤훐?쎿룶솣ퟓ폃웤떱잰뗄캻훃살움볛쒿뇪몯쫽?쎿튻쪱뿌?솣ퟓ붫ퟔ벺뗄떱잰캻훃?ퟔ벺뗄샺쪷ퟮ병캻훃?훖좺훐튻룶믲뛠룶ퟮ병솣ퟓ뗄캻훃벰쯦믺죅뚯뷡뫏웰살좷뚨솣ퟓ퓚쯑쯷뿕볤훐뗄틆뚯?쯹폐솣ퟓ뚼틆뚯튻듎뫳헻룶훖좺뇣췪돉쇋튻듎뗼듺?ퟮ뫳헻룶훖좺쿱튻룶킭ퟷ쏙쪳뗄쓱좺튻퇹뎯ퟅ쫊펦뛈몯쫽뗄ퟮ폅랽쿲틆뚯?좻뛸솣ퟓ좺쯣램죝틗쿝죫퓧쫬?뫳웚쫕솲쯙뛈싽?좫뻖톰폅킧싊욫뗍?뛔닎쫽쏴룐뗈좱뗣?캧죆헢킩좱뗣?톧헟쏇ퟶ쇋듳솿뗄룄뷸릤ퟷ?웤훐훷튪냼몬틔쿂솽랽쏦ꎺ?⠱?쯣램뗄샭싛럖컶⸠컄쿗嬲?뫍嬳?뛔PSO쯣램뗄쫕솲탔뷸탐쇋퇐뺿?닉폃쇋쫕솲틲ퟓ쓜릻좷놣쯣램뗄쫕솲?쳡돶쇋PSO쫕솲틲ퟓ쒣탍?웤믹놾쫖뛎쫇쿈붫쯦믺뇤솿뇤캪뎣솿?좻뫳폃ힴ첬 1
쓾쿄듳톧쮶쪿싛컄 뗚튻헂 탷싛 틆뻘헳뗄랽램퇐뺿튻룶솣ퟓ뗄퓋뚯맬벣?듓뛸뿉틔뗃떽떥룶솣ퟓ퓋뚯맬벣쫕솲뗄닎쫽풼쫸쳵볾?컄쿗嬴?뛔嬲?뫍嬳?훐맘폚PSO쯣램쫕솲탔뗄횤쏷쳡돶쇋죽뗣좱쿝늢룸돶쇋쫕솲탔뗄에뚨뚨샭볓틔닻쫍?컄쿗[5-6]뗄돂쫶뇭쏷쇋쒿잰뛔룃쯣램쫕솲탔럖컶뗄퇐뺿돉맻짐캴췪짆??⠲⤠쯣램뗄룄뷸?솣ퟓ좺폅뮯쯣램ퟷ캪튻훖탂뗄쯦믺쯑쯷쯣램?듦퓚ퟅ퓧쫬쫕솲뫍뫳웚쫕솲쯙뛈싽뗈좱쿝?캪쇋뇜쏢헢킩좱쿝?튻킩퇐뺿헟쳡돶쇋춨맽뿘훆훖좺뗄뛠퇹탔살쳡룟쯣램탔쓜뗄랽램?컄쿗?7?훐뷩짜쇋튻훖듸쫕솲틲ퟓ뗄솣ퟓ좺폅뮯쯣램?폫쪹폃맟탔좨훘뗄솣ퟓ좺폅뮯쯣램쿠뇈Ⱐ쪹폃쫕솲틲ퟓ뗄솣ퟓ좺폅뮯쯣램폐룼뿬뗄쫕솲쯙뛈⸠컄쿗?8?쳡돶쒣뫽ퟔ쫊펦맟탔좨훘닟싔?컄쿗?9?쳡돶뚯첬맟탔좨훘닟싔?컄쿗?10?쳡돶쯦믺맟탔좨훘닟싔?컄쿗?11?릹퓬쇋뾪뿚쿲쿂뗄엗컯쿟ꆢ뾪뿚쿲짏엗컯쿟뫍횸쫽쟺쿟죽훖맟탔좨훘뗝복닟싔?헢킩늻춬뗄룄뷸닟싔퓚튻뚨돌뛈짏쳡룟쇋쯣램뗄좫뻖톰폅쓜솦?컄쿗?12?틽죫ퟔ쫊펦뇤틬쯣ퟓ닟싔?붫쒿잰헒떽뗄좫뻖벫횵뷸탐ퟔ쫊펦뗄뇤틬쳸돶뻖늿톰폅?컄쿗?13?붫룶쳥벫횵캻훃훐쿝죫퓧쫬뗄캬쫽뷸탐뇤틬틔퓶볓훖좺뗄뛠퇹탔?컄쿗嬱㑝춨맽틽죫ꆰ뇤틬ꆱ쯣ퟓ쳸돶뻖늿벫횵뗣뗄컼틽?쳡룟쯣램뗄좫뻖쯑쯷쓜솦?듓뛸뗃떽뷏룟뗄쯑쯷돉릦싊?컄쿗?15?쳡돶튻훖믬솣ퟓ좺쯣램?룹뻝믬믺훆뗄쳘탔붫웤틽죫떽쯣램훐틔퓶볓훖좺뗄뛠퇹탔?컄쿗?16?캪쇋쪹솣ퟓ쓜릻룼뫃뗘싺ퟣ좫뻖쫕솲??Jun Sun?뗈죋퓋폃솿ퟓ샭싛?늢붫솿ퟓ뷸뮯쯣램틽죫떽캢솣좺쯣램훐?듓뛸쳡돶쇋솿ퟓ솣ퟓ좺쯣램?QPSO??컄쿗?17?쳡돶쇋믹폚쒣쓢췋믰뗄늢탐솣ퟓ좺폅뮯쯣램?룃쯣램뷡뫏쇋솣ퟓ좺쯣램뗄뿬쯙톰폅쓜솦뫍쒣쓢췋믰뗄룅싊춻쳸탔?놣돖쇋좺쳥뗄뛠퇹탔?듓뛸뇜쏢쇋훖좺췋뮯?쯤좻PSO뗄퇐뺿틑좡뗃쇋튻킩뷸햹?떫웤쯣램놾짭뗄릤ퟷ풭샭ꆢ쯣램쓚늿믺샭벰웤쫽톧믹뒡죔캴헦헽붨솢?쯣램훐캻훃뫍쯙뛈뗄릹퓬벰닎쫽뗄짨볆샭싛튲늻돉쫬ꆢ뛔닎쫽럖컶짐뒦폚쫔퇩쮮욽?좱랦쪵훊탔뗄샭싛횧돖?쯣램쪵폃탔폐듽뷸튻늽쳡룟?PSO퓚쪵볊펦폃훐놻횤쏷쫇폐킧뗄?떫쒿잰퓚쫽톧샭싛랽쏦뮹쎻폐룸돶뇈뷏췪짆뗄쫕솲탔ꆢ쫕솲쯙뛈맀볆뗈뗄횤쏷??ㄮ㈮?뻛샠럖컶??뻛샠럖컶쫇뛠풪춳볆럖컶랽램횮튻?튲쫇춳볆쒣쪽쪶뇰훐럇볠뚽쒣쪽쪶뇰뗄훷튪럖횧?쯼붫쫽뻝벯럖돉늻춬뗄벸룶샠?쪹뗃퓚춬튻샠뗄쫽뻝뛔쿳뺡뿉쓜쿠쯆뛸늻춬샠훐뗄쫽뻝뺡뿉쓜뗄쿠틬?퓚춳볆럖컶뫍쒣쪽쪶뇰쇬폲훐?뻛샠틑뺭놻퇐뺿쇋뛠쓪?쳡돶쇋듳솿뗄샭싛뫍랽램늢좡뗃쇋럡쮶뗄퇐뺿돉맻?뻛샠ퟷ캪쫽뻝췚뻲뗄튻쿮훷튪릦쓜뫍죎컱틑돉캪튻룶럇뎣믮풾뗄퇐뺿쇬폲⸠듳쳥짏?뻛샠럖컶뗄랽램폐틔쿂벸샠ꎺ?⠱?뮮럖램?죧K-Means쯣램ꎻ⠲?닣듎램?죧BIRCH[ㄸ?ꎻ⠳?믹폚쏜뛈뗄랽램?죧DBSCAN?ㄹ?ꎻ⠴?믹폚췸룱뗄랽램ꎻ⠵?믹폚쒣탍뗄랽램?? 2
쓾쿄듳톧쮶쪿싛컄 뗚튻헂 탷싛 평폚쫽뻝췚뻲쯹쏦뛔뗄쫽뻝뛔쿳죕쟷뢴퓓?뻛샠랽램뗄퇐뺿튲쏦쇙룼뛠탂뗄쓚죝뫍쳴햽⸠쒿잰?쫽뻝췚뻲훐뻛샠뗄퇐뺿랽쿲훷튪벯훐퓚틔쿂벸룶랽쏦ꎺ?⠱?뿉짬쯵탔ꎺ탭뛠뻛샠쯣램퓚킡솿쫽뻝벯짏킧맻뫜뫃?떫쫽뻝췚뻲훐뗄쫽뻝벯췹췹냼몬짏냙췲룶쫽뻝뛔쿳?쏦뛔헢퇹뗄듳쫽뻝벯?뇘좻튪쟳뻛샠쯣램뻟폐룟뛈뗄뿉짬쯵탔??⠲?뛠훖쫽뻝샠탍뻛샠ꎺ쫽뻝췚뻲훐늻뷶폐쫽횵샠탍뗄쫽뻝?룼뛠뗄쫇웤쯼뗄쫽뻝샠탍?죧뛾풪샠탍?Binary⤬럖샠?뇪돆샠탍?Categorical/Nominal⤬탲쫽탍?ordinal?짵훁룼뢴퓓뗄틴쫓욵뗈럇뷡릹탔뗄뛠쎽쳥쫽뻝뫍췸싧쫽뻝⸠?⠳?룟캬쫽뻝뻛샠ꎺ튻룶쫽뻝뿢믲쫽뻝닖뿢뿉쓜냼몬쫽쒿훚뛠뗄캬믲쫴탔?늢쟒쫽뻝뿉쓜쫇럇뎣쾡쫨뗄?헢뻍튪쟳뛔쿖폐랽램뷸탐룄뷸믲쫇퇐뺿탂뗄쫊폃폚룟캬쫽뻝뗄뻛샠쯣램살싺ퟣ쫽뻝췚뻲뗄탨튪⸠?⠴?믹폚풼쫸뗄뻛샠ꎺ쪵볊뗄펦폃뿉쓜탨튪퓚룷훖풼쫸쳵볾쿂뷸탐뻛샠?튪헒떽볈싺ퟣ쳘뚨뗄풼쫸?폖뻟폐솼뫃뻛샠탔쓜뗄쫽뻝뮮럖쫇튻쿮뻟폐쳴햽탔뗄죎컱⸠?⠵?뿉뷢쫍탔뫍뿉폃탔ꎺ쫽뻝췚뻲훐?폃뮧뗃떽뗄뻛샠쒣쪽펦룃쫇뿉뷢쫍뗄ꆢ틗샭뷢뗄뫍뿉폃뗄?뻛샠튪뫍쳘뚨뗄폯틥뷢쫍뫍펦폃쿠솪쾵?펦폃쒿뇪죧뫎펰쿬뻛샠랽램뗄톡퓱튲쫇튻룶훘튪뗄퇐뺿뿎쳢??ㄮ㈮㌠솣ퟓ좺뻛샠퇐뺿쿖ힴ??틑폐뗄솣ퟓ좺뻛샠쯣램듳뚼쫇폫뒫춳뻛샠랽램뷡뫏?붫뻛샠쫓캪튻훖폅뮯컊쳢?펦폃솣ퟓ좺폅뮯쯣램뗄좫뻖톰폅쓜솦뫍럖늼쪽쯦믺쯑쯷쳘탔뷢뻶뒫춳뻛샠쯣램틗쿝죫뻖늿ퟮ폅뫍뛔돵횵쏴룐컊쳢?튻킩믬뫏쯣램춨맽룄뇤솣ퟓ좺쯣램폫뒫춳뻛샠랽램뗄뷡뫏랽쪽틔벰펦폃룄뷸뗄솣ퟓ좺쯣램폐킧쳡룟쇋쯣램뗄쫕솲쯙뛈뫍좫뻖톰폅쓜솦??2002쓪Omran뗈죋嬲そ쳡돶쇋튻훖믹폚솣ퟓ좺폅뮯뗄컞횸떼춼쿱럖샠쯣램?헢쫇ퟮ퓧쳡돶뗄믹폚偓?뗄뻛샠쯣램?틔뫳뗄솣ퟓ좺뻛샠쯣램듳뚼ퟱ톭웤믹놾쮼쿫?볌Omran뗈죋쳡돶믹놾뗄PSO뻛샠쯣램늢좡뗃돵늽돉릦뫳?퇐뺿헟뷨본웤믹놾쮼슷Ⱐ2003쓪Merwe뗈죋嬲ㅝퟮ퓧쳡돶쇋튻냣탎쪽쿂PSO폫K-means쿠뷡뫏뗄믬뫏뻛샠랽램?웤믹놾쮼슷쫇쿈폃K-means랽램뗃떽튻ퟩ듘뗄훐탄?좻뫳퓚솣ퟓ좺돵쪼뮯쪱붫웤뢳횵룸쒳룶솣ퟓ?웤폠솣ퟓ쯦믺돵쪼뮯?ퟮ뫳폃믹놾PSO뻛샠쯣램췪돉뻛샠?룃쯣램닉폃K-means+PSO뗄ퟩ뫏랽쪽폐킧쳡룟쇋쫕솲쯙뛈?늢퓚튻뚨돌뛈짏쳡룟쇋뻛샠뗄폐킧탔?붫PSO쯣램폫K-means쯣램쿠뷡뫏폃폚뻛샠뗄랽램듳훂뿉틔럖캪죽훖㨠?ꎩ쿈폃K-means쯣램뷸탐튻듎뿬쯙럖샠?웤뷡맻ퟷ캪솣ퟓ좺훐쒳룶솣ퟓ뗄돵횵?좻뫳횴탐믹놾PSO뻛샠늽훨?룃랽램뿉틔볲볇캪K-means+PSO㬠?ꎩ퓚믹놾PSO뻛샠쯣램훐?쎿듎뗼듺쪱룹뻝뻛듘뗄뷡맻내 3
쓾쿄듳톧쮶쪿싛컄 뗚튻헂 탷싛 헕K-means랽램쟳튻듎듘뗄훐탄?듋랽램뿉틔볲볇캪PSO+K-means㬠?ꎩ뷡뫏짏쫶솽훖랽램돆캪K-means+PSO+K-means랽램?평쪵퇩뿉횪嬲ㅝ?믬뫏쯣램쓜릻퓚튻뚨돌뛈짏뷢뻶K-means쯣램죝틗쿝죫뻖늿ퟮ폅컊쳢?듦퓚뗄늻ퟣ쫇쯣램쫕솲쯙뛈뷏싽?룹뻝룟짐뗈죋嬲㉝뗄릤ퟷ?뫳솽훖뷡뫏랽램킧맻룼뫃?믱뗃ퟮ뫃뷢뗄룅싊쏷쿔룟폚K-means랽램ꆢ믹놾PSO랽램뫍K-means+PSO랽램?떫쫇PSO쯣램솣ퟓ뗄돵횵뛔쯣램튲폐튻뚨뗄펰쿬??2006쓪Runkler뗈죋嬲㍝춨맽럖컶뇈뷏hard C-means(HCM)ꆢFCM뫍Possibilistic C-Means(PCM)죽훖믹폚ퟮ킡뮯쒿뇪몯쫽뗄쒣쪽뻛샠랽램?쳡돶쇋솽훖믹폚PSO뗄뻛샠랽램PSO-V뫍PSO-U?웤훐PSO-V랽램뿉틔랢쿖듘뗄훐탄?쯼뗄쎿룶솣ퟓ뇭쪾튻ퟩ듘뗄훐탄ꎻPSO-U랽램퓲랢쿖듘뗄뮮럖?웤훐쎿룶솣ퟓ뇭쪾튻ퟩ풭쪼뗄쒣뫽??뮮럖?춨맽PSO폫FCM뗄뷡뫏?Runkler뗈죋퓚튻뚨돌뛈짏뷢뻶쇋FCM쯣램뛔돵횵쏴룐뫍뻖늿ퟮ폅컊쳢?횮뫳?컄쿗嬲??㈵?럖뇰붫PSO폫FCM뷡뫏폃폚뻛샠?쪹폃PSO쯣램뛔평䙃?쯣램닺짺뗄훐탄뷸탐폅뮯?샻폃PSO쯣램뗄좫뻖쯑쯷쓜솦뷢뻶䙃?쯣램뛔돵횵쏴룐뫍뻖늿ퟮ폅컊쳢?컄쿗嬲㑝닉좡PSO+FCM+PSO뗄뷡뫏랽쪽뗃돶ퟮ훕뗄뷡맻?평폚믬뫏쯣램훐솣ퟓ뗄룼탂뻟폐뫜잿뗄쯦믺탔듓뛸늻틗쿝죫뻖늿ퟮ폅?쟒쫕솲뗄쯙뛈룼뿬?PSO쯣램폫䙃?쯣램뗄뷡뫏랽쪽폫PSO쯣램폫K-means쯣램뗄뷡뫏랽쪽샠쯆?뚼쫇닉폃PSO쯣램뗄솬탸폅뮯탎쪽?벴샻폃PSO쯣램뗄좫뻖쯑쯷쓜솦살폐킧붵뗍쯣램쿝죫뻖늿ퟮ폅뗄룅싊?춨맽붫PSO폫FCM뗄뷡뫏?퇐뺿헟쏇퓚튻뚨돌뛈짏뷢뻶쇋FCM쯣램룟캬뻛샠뫍뛔돵횵쏴룐뗈컊쳢?믬뫏쯣램듦퓚뗄훷튪컊쳢쫇쫕솲뗄쯙뛈뷏싽?캪쇋뗃떽룼뫃뗄뻛샠뷡맻?퇐뺿헟쏇뎢쫔뛔PSO쯣램뷸탐룄뷸믲짨볆탂뗄PSO쯣램?늢붫웤펦폃폚뻛샠럖컶?컄쿗嬲㙝쪹폃Predator Prey Particle Swarm Optimization(PPPSO)쯣램뛔쒣뫽뻛샠랽램뷸탐폅뮯?퓚PPPSO쯣램훐?늶쪳헟틔놻늶쪳헟좺쳥뗄훐탄캪쒿뇪ힷ믷놻늶쪳헟?놻늶쪳헟퓲뺡솦쳓샫늶쪳헟?쯣램춨맽짏쫶믺훆듯떽폐킧뇜쏢뻖늿ퟮ폅뷢뫍헒떽좫뻖ퟮ폅뷢뗄쒿뗄?Jarboui뗈죋嬲㝝쳡돶쇋튻훖믹폚Combinatorial Particle Swarm Optimization(CPSO)쯣램뗄뮮럖뻛샠랽램?룃랽램훐쎿룶솣ퟓ냼몬쯄룶뎤뛈캪N뗄ퟖ뒮?N캪쫽뻝벯뗄맦쒣?PꆢXꆢY뫍V?춨맽뛔헢킩ퟖ뒮뗄닙ퟷ췪돉뛔쫽뻝뗄뮮럖?횣쿾쏹뗈죋[28]쳡돶쇋튻훖믹폚쏢틟솣ퟓ좺폅뮯嬲㥝뗄뻛샠쯣램?룃쯣램퓚솣ퟓ좺뗼듺뗄맽돌훐볓죫쏢틟뷓훖믺훆횸떼솣ퟓ뗄량탐랽쿲?퓙춨맽쏢틟톡퓱믺훆뛔뷓훖뗄뷡맻뷸탐톡퓱?좷놣솣ퟓ훖좺쿲룼폅뗄랽쿲틆뚯?뿋럾쇋뻛샠쯣램죝틗쫜돵쪼뻛샠훐탄펰쿬뗄좱쿝?뛸쟒쓜룼뫃뗘횸떼훖좺뎯ퟅퟮ폅랽뛸뷸뮯??돽쇋붫솣ퟓ좺폅뮯쯣램폫뒫춳뻛샠랽램뷡뫏폃폚룄뷸뒫춳뻛샠쯣램췢?튻킩퇐뺿헟튲틑뺭뎢쫔펦폃솣ퟓ좺폅뮯쯣램뷢뻶ퟔ뚯뻛샠컊쳢?쿖폐뗄뻛샠랽램춨뎣붫듘뗄룶쫽쫓캪룸뚨쳵볾횱뷓쫤죫뛸늻쫇퓚퓋탐훐좷뚨?좻뛸퓚뫜뛠쟩뿶쿂?튻룶쫽뻝벯훐듘뗄뫏쫊쫽쒿쫇캴횪뗄믲늻쓜뷼쯆좷 4
쓾쿄듳톧쮶쪿싛컄 뗚튻헂 탷싛 뚨뗄?헒떽튻쿮듳맦쒣뢴퓓쫽뻝벯뗄듘뗄ퟮ병쫽쒿쫇튻쿮벫뢻쳴햽탔뗄죎컱?㈰〵쓪?Omran뗈죋嬳??㌱?쳡돶쇋튻훖믹폚뛾뷸훆솣ퟓ좺폅뮯쯣램(Binary PSO)嬳㉝뗄쓜릻뚯첬뗃돶듘뗄룶쫽뗄뮮럖뻛샠쯣램DCPSO?룃쯣램뎢쫔펦폃Binary PSO쯣램헒돶튻룶듳맦쒣쫽뻝벯뗄듘뗄ퟮ병쫽쒿?늢쪹폃튻룶폐킧탔쯷틽움볛뗃떽뗄듘?Cohen뗈죋嬳㍝쳡돶쇋튻훖탂뗄믹폚PSO쯣램뗄뻛샠랽램ꆪꆪParticle Swarm Clustering(PSC)쯣램?PSC쯣램뗄훷튪쳘헷쫇퓚쫤죫퇹놾뿕볤닺짺튻좺솣ퟓ늢쪹횮틆뚯?헢킩솣ퟓퟮ훕돉캪듺뇭쫤죫쫽뻝ퟔ좻뻛듘뗄풭탍?PSC쯣램늻쪹폃쫊펦뛈믲욷훊몯쫽살움볛솣ퟓ뗄탔쓜?뷶뷶볲떥뗘틆뚯헢킩솣ퟓ쪹횮뒦퓚듺뇭ퟔ좻뻛듘뗄뿕볤쟸폲쓚?춨맽헻룶솣ퟓ좺췪돉뻛듘?PSC쯣램폫웤쯻PSO뻛샠쯣램뗄쟸뇰쫇?퓚웤쯻PSO뻛샠쯣램훐?쎿룶솣ퟓ놻쫓캪컊쳢뗄뷢뗄좫늿?뛸퓚PSC쯣램훐?쎿룶솣ퟓ듺뇭튻룶듘뗄풭탍?틲듋횻쫇뷢뗄튻늿럖?횻폐춨맽헻룶솣ퟓ좺닅쓜췪돉뻛듘?쯼쏇뗄쇭튻룶늻춬쫇PSC쯣램늻쪹폃쫊펦뛈믲욷훊몯쫽살움볛솣ퟓ뗄탔쓜?쯼뷶뷶볲떥뗘틆뚯헢킩솣ퟓ쪹횮뒦퓚듺뇭ퟔ좻뻛듘뗄뿕볤쟸폲쓚?PSC쯣램쓜릻떥뒿틀뾿솣ퟓ좺훇쓜쾵춳췪돉뻛샠닙ퟷ?헢캪뷱뫳솣ퟓ좺뻛샠쯣램랢햹쳡돶쇋탂뗄랽쿲?? 놾컄뗄뷡릹폫훷튪퇐뺿쓚죝 뗚튻헂?탷싛ꎺ뷩짜쇋놾컄퇐뺿뗄놳뺰?틢틥벰솣ퟓ좺뻛샠쯣램뗄맺쓚췢퇐뺿쿖ힴ뫍뷸햹??뗚뛾헂?솣ퟓ좺폅뮯쯣램룅쫶ꎺ?쿪뺡뗘닻쫶뫍럖컶쇋PSO쯣램뗄믹놾쓚죝?쯣램뗄쇷돌?벰웤닎쫽짨훃뛔쯣램뗄펰쿬??뗚죽헂?뻛샠쯣램룅쫶ꎺ뷩짜쇋뻛샠럖컶훐훷튪뗄쯣램벰웤듦퓚뗄컊쳢??뗚쯄헂?믹폚솣ퟓ좺뗄룟캬쒣뫽뻛샠쯣램??뗚컥헂?믹폚쮫솣ퟓ좺뗄뚯첬뻛샠쯣램??뗚쇹헂?퇐뺿릤ퟷퟜ뷡폫햹췻? 5
쓾쿄듳톧쮶쪿싛컄 뗚뛾헂 솣ퟓ좺폅뮯쯣램룅쫶 뗚뛾헂†솣ퟓ좺폅뮯쯣램룅쫶? 틽퇔 솣ퟓ좺폅뮯ꎨParticle Swarm Optimizationꎩ쯣램嬱?Ⱐ폖돆캢솣좺쯣램Ⱐ쫇Kennedy뫍Eberhart폚1995쓪쳡돶뗄튻훖뷸뮯볆쯣벼쫵?쫇풴ퟔ뛔볲뮯뗄짧믡쒣탍뗄쒣쓢, 쫊폃폚쟳뷢듳솿럇쿟탔ꆢ늻뿉캢뫍뛠럥뢴퓓뗄폅뮯컊쳢?놾헂뷩짜쇋솣ퟓ좺쯣램뗄믹놾풭샭ꆢ쯣램쇷돌ꆢ웤훷튪뗄뇤쳥뫍펦폃벰웤폐듽뷢뻶뗄컊쳢뗈?늿럖쓚죝틽ퟔ컄쿗嬳??㌶崮? 솣ퟓ좺쯣램쏨쫶 ㈮㈮ㄠ믹놾쮼쿫폫풭샭??솣ퟓ좺폅뮯쯣램쫇튻훖뷸뮯볆쯣벼쫵?ퟮ퓧쫇폐Kenney폫Eberhart폚ㄹ㤵쓪쳡돶뗄?풴폚뛔쓱좺늶쪳탐캪퇐뺿뗄솣ퟓ좺폅뮯쯣램춬틅뒫쯣램샠쯆?쫇튻훖믹폚뗼듺뗄폅뮯릤뻟?퇐뺿헟랢쿖쓱좺퓚량탐맽돌훐뺭뎣믡춻좻룄뇤랽쿲ꆢ즢뾪ꆢ뻛벯?웤탐캪춨뎣캪늻뿉풤닢?떫헻쳥ퟜ쓜놣돖튻훂?룶쳥폫룶쳥횮볤튲놣돖ퟅퟮ쫊틋뗄뻠샫?춨맽뛔웤좺쳥탐캪퇐뺿?랢쿖웤훐듦퓚ퟅ튻훖짧믡탅쾢릲쿭믺훆?쯼캪좺쳥뗄뷸뮯쳡릩쇋튻훖폅쫆?헢뻍쫇솣ퟓ좺폅뮯쯣램탎돉뗄믹뒡??솣ퟓ좺쯣램뗄쫽톧쏨쫶ꎺ볙짨쯑쯷뿕볤폐M캬?솣ퟓ좺뗄맦쒣캪N룶솣ퟓퟩ돉?웤훐뗚i룶솣ퟓ뗄캻훃폃쿲솿x=(x1,x2,L,x)?뇭쪾?쯙뛈폃쿲솿v=(v,vL,v)?뇭iiiiN쪾?뗚i룶솣iiiiM12ퟓ뗄ퟮ뫃캻훃캪p=(p1,p2,L,p)iiiiM?i=1,2,L,N?헻룶솣ퟓ좺쯑쯷떽뗄ퟮ뫃캻훃캪pg=(pg1,pg2,L,pgM)??퓚헒떽솽룶ퟮ폅횵쪱?쎿룶솣ퟓ룹뻝죧쿂뗄릫쪽살룼탂ퟔ벺뗄쯙뛈뫍탂뗄캻훃??††?v(k+1)=wv(k)+c1r1(p(k)−x(k))+c2r2(p(k)−x(k))††††††?
㈮ㄩ?iiiigi†††††††?x(k+1)=x(k)+v(k+1)†††††††††††††††††⠲⸲??iii웤훐?k?쫇떱잰뗄뗼듺듎쫽?v(k)쫇솣ퟓ뗄쯙뛈쿲솿ꎻx(k)쫇떱잰솣ퟓ뗄뗄캻훃ꎻp(k)뇭쪾iii솣ퟓ놾짭쯹헒떽뗄ퟮ폅뷢캻훃ꎻpg(k)뇭쪾헻룶훖좺쒿잰헒떽뗄ퟮ폅뷢뗄캻훃ꎻw쫇맟탔좨훘ꎨInertia Weightꎩ?c1?c2돆캪톧쾰틲ퟓ믲볓쯙쾵쫽ꎻr1?r2쫇[0,1]횮볤뗄쯦믺쫽.?쎿룶솣ퟓ뗄룶쳥벫횵쫇평쿂쏦릫쪽살룼탂ꎺ? 6
쓾쿄듳톧쮶쪿싛컄 뗚뛾헂 솣ퟓ좺폅뮯쯣램룅쫶 ††††††x(t+1),if:f(x(t+1))≥f(p(k))p+=iii(k1)††††††††ꎨ㈮?ꎩ?ip(k),if:f(x(k+1)<f(p(k))iii좫뻖뗄벫횵쫇내쿂쏦뗄랽쪽톡좡ꎺ?†††††††?pg(k+1)=max(p(k+1)),(i=1,2,LN)††††††††††ꎨ㈮?ꎩ??i쎿튻룶솣ퟓ뗄쯙뛈뚼믡놻쿞훆퓚튻룶ퟮ듳쯙뛈vmax? vmax>0?쓚?죧맻쒳캬룼탂뫳뗄쯙뛈뎬맽폃뮧짨훃뗄vmax?쓇쎴헢캬뗄쯙뛈뻍놻쿞뚨캪vmax?벴죴v>vimax쪱?v=vmax믲iv<−vmax쪱?v=−vv뗄톡퓱늻펦뎬맽뗄솣ퟓ뿭뛈랶ix?튻냣살쮵max캧?죧맻첫vmax듳?솣ퟓima뿉쓜량맽ퟮ폅뷢뗄캻훃ꎻ죧맻vmax첫킡?뿉쓜붵뗍솣ퟓ뗄좫뻖쫕쯷쓜솦ꎮ쫔퇩뷡맻뇭쏷?춨뎣짨vmax캪쎿캬뇤뮯랶캧뗄10%-20%?쪽⠲⸱?훐뗚튻늿럖캪솣ퟓ짏튻늽뗄쯙뛈?뇭쏷솣ퟓ쒿잰뗄ힴ첬웰떽쇋욽뫢좫뻖뫍뻖늿쯑쯷뗄쓜솦ꎻ뗚뛾늿럖캪솣ퟓ뛔놾짭뗄쮼뾼?벴캪ퟔ컒죏횪늿럖?Cognition Modal??솣ퟓ춨맽뛔놾짭캻훃뗄쮼뾼살뗷헻ퟔ벺쿂튻늽뗄쯙뛈뫍캻훃?헢퇹뿉틔쪹솣ퟓ폐ퟣ릻잿뗄좫뻖쯑쯷쓜솦?뇜쏢쿝죫뻖늿ퟮ킡ꎻ뗚죽늿럖캪짧믡죏횪늿럖?Social Modal??랴펳쇋솣ퟓ볤뗄킭춬뫏ퟷ뫍횪쪶뗄릲쿭?뇭쪾솣ퟓ춨맽폫웤쯻솣ퟓ횮볤뷸탐탅쾢붻쇷살룼탂ퟔ벺뗄쿂튻늽탐뚯Ⱐ쳥쿖쇋솣ퟓ볤뗄탅쾢릲쿭믺훆?? v3 ꇱ ?v2 ??v1 GbestiPbest 춼?⸱?PSO쯣램쟳뷢ퟮ폅뮯컊쳢맽돌춼쪾?죧춼쯹쪾?캪쒳튻뛾캬뿕볤훐ퟮ킡뮯컊쳢?좫뻖ퟮ폅뷢뗣퓚o뒦?춼훐쮵쏷쇋뗚i룶솣ퟓ듓캻훃1ꎨ춼훐i1ꎩ룼탂떽캻훃2ꎨ춼훐i2ꎩ뗄맽돌?웤훐v1쫇듋쪱뿌좫뻖벫횵pg틽웰뗄뗚i룶솣ퟓ쿲pg랽쿲뗄쯙뛈ꎻv2쫇듋쪱뿌뗚i룶솣ퟓ뗄룶쳥벫횵pbest틽웰뗄뗚i룶솣ퟓ쿲pbest랽쿲뗄쯙뛈ꎻv3쫇듋쪱뿌뗚i룶솣ퟓퟔ짭뻟폐뗄쯙뛈?퓚쯙뛈v1ꆢv2ꆢv3뗄릲춬ퟷ폃쿂?ퟮ훕솣ퟓi붫틔쯙뛈v떽 7
쓾쿄듳톧쮶쪿싛컄 뗚뛾헂 솣ퟓ좺폅뮯쯣램룅쫶 듯탂뗄캻훃i?쿂튻쪱뿌?솣ퟓi붫듓i캻훃돶랢?틔춬퇹뗄랽쪽쿲ퟮ폅뗣o뾿뷼?죧듋뗼듺?솣ퟓ22붫훰늽쿲ퟮ폅뗣뾿뷼?ퟮ훕헒떽ퟮ폅뗣? ㈮㈮㈠쯣램쇷돌?뛔폚뷢뻶쒳룶폅뮯컊쳢?솣ퟓ좺쯣램뗄돌탲뿲볜캪ꎺ?M(1)ꎨ돵쪼뮯ꎩ좷뚨훖좺맦쒣N?맟탔좨훘wꆢ톧쾰틲ퟓc?c?쎿룶솣ퟓ쫇M캬뿕볤R훐12뗄튻룶룶쳥?뗚i룶솣ퟓ뗄캻훃쿲솿캪x뫍쯙뛈쿲솿캪v?=1,2,L,Nꎻ짨훃훕횹ힼ퓲ꎨ뗼듺듎ii쫽믲풤짨뗄퓋쯣뺫뛈ꎩꎻ쯦믺짺돉N룶룶쳥ퟷ캪돵쪼훖좺ꎻ?(2)ꎨ룶쳥움볛ꎩ볆쯣훖좺훐룷룶룶쳥뗄쫊펦뛈ꎻ?⠳?샻폃릫쪽ꎨ㈮?ꎩꆢꎨ㈮?ꎩ룼탂쎻룸솣ퟓ뗄쯙뛈뫍캻훃ꎻ?(4)룼탂쎿룶솣ퟓ쯹뺭맽뗄ퟮ폅캻훃뫍좫뻖ퟮ폅캻훃ꎻ?⠵?ꎨ훕횹퇩횤ꎩ죧맻틑싺ퟣ훕횹ힼ퓲?퓲쫤돶훖좺훐쫊펦뛈ퟮ듳뗄룶쳥ퟷ캪ퟮ폅뷢?훕횹볆쯣?럱퓲훁ꎨ?ꎩ??춼룸돶쇋솣ퟓ좺폅뮯쯣램뗄뻟쳥쇷돌ꎺ??돵쪼뮯솣ퟓ좺 ??볆쯣쎿룶솣ퟓ뗄쫊펦뛈 †††††††††??룹뻝솣ퟓ뗄쫊펦뛈룼탂 P,Pbestg††??평릫쪽()ꎬ()룼탂솣ퟓ좺뗄†††††††††††††††††††††?쯙뛈뫍캻훃 ††††††††††††?? 듯떽ퟮ듳뗼듺듎쫽믲뷡맻††††⁎传??퓚컳닮퓊탭랶캧쓚 奅匠†††††††?†††††††††††††††††††??뷡 쫸 ㈮?믹놾솣ퟓ좺폅뮯쯣램쇷돌춼? 8
쓾쿄듳톧쮶쪿싛컄 뗚뛾헂 솣ퟓ좺폅뮯쯣램룅쫶 ㈮㈮㌠쯣램뗄닎쫽짨훃?솣ퟓ좺쯣램뗄탔쓜퓚뫜듳뗄돌뛈짏뫍닎쫽뗄톡좡폐뫜듳뗄맘쾵?솣ퟓ좺쯣램뗄훷튪뿘훆닎쫽폐ꎺ좺쳥맦쒣N?맟탔좨훘w뫍톧쾰틲ퟓc1?c2?쪵퇩뇭쏷嬳㝝嬳㡝?훖좺맦쒣N퓚뗍캬볲떥컊쳢짏좡[40,80]횮볤뷏뫃ꎻ뛔폚룟캬뢴퓓컊쳢훖좺맦쒣퓚[100,160]횮볤뷡맻뷏뫃??맟탔좨훘w쪹솣ퟓ놣돖퓋뚯맟탔?쪹웤폐삩햹쯑쯷뿕볤뗄쟷쫆?폐쓜솦첽쯷탂뗄쟸폲?쯼펰쿬ퟅ솣ퟓ뗄좫뻖뫍뻖늿뗄쯑쯷쓜솦?톡퓱뫏쫊뗄맟탔좨훘뿉틔틔뇈뷏짙뗄뗼듺듎쫽헒떽ퟮ폅뷢?쪵퇩횤쏷嬳㥝?w뗄횵퓚[,]횮볤뇈뷏뫃?늢쟒w뗄횵듓쿟탔뗝복떽뇈만뚨횵튪뫃?틲캪뷏듳뗄w횵폐샻폚훖좺췘햹뷏듳뗄쟸폲?뷏킡뗄w횵폐샻폚믱뗃뷏뫃뗄뻖늿쯑쯷쓜솦뫍쯣램뗄쫕솲??톧쾰틲ퟓc1?c2쫇솣ퟓ쟷쿲룶쳥ퟮ폅뫍좫뻖ퟮ폅캻ퟓ뗄볓쯙좨훘?뗍횵퓊탭솣ퟓ퓚놻삭믘횮잰뿉틔퓚쒿뇪쟸폲췢엇뮲?뛸룟뗄횵퓲뿉쓜떼훂솣ퟓ춻좻돥쿲믲풽맽쒿뇪쟸폲?튻냣톧쾰틲ퟓ좡횵[,]횮볤쪱?쯣램뗄떽뗄뷡맻뷏뫃?뫏쫊톡퓱톧쾰틲ퟓ뗄좡횵뿉틔쳡룟쯣램뗄쯙뛈?뇜쏢쿝죫뻖늿ퟮ폅?떫튲폐쪵퇩쮵쏷떱c1=c2=튲쓜뗃떽뷏뫃뗄뷡맻?? 솣ퟓ좺폅뮯쯣램뗄룄뷸닟싔 솣ퟓ좺쯣램듓웤쳡돶떽쿖퓚룹뻝뷢뻶뗄컊쳢늻춬틑뺭쳡돶쇋룷훖룷퇹뗄룄뷸닟싔?떫듓룹놾쒿뗄살쮵?뚼쫇캪쇋룄뷸솣ퟓ좺폅뮯쯣램훐뗄솽룶좱뗣ꎺ튻쫇솣ퟓ좺폅뮯쯣램죝틗쿝죫떽뻖늿벫횵뗣훐?떼훂뗃늻떽좫뻖ퟮ폅뷢ꎻ뛾쫇솣ퟓ좺폅뮯쯣램퓚퓋탐쪱?평폚쯣램뗄닎쫽짨볆ꆢ믲헟쫇솣ퟓ쫽뗄톡퓱늻잡떱뗈풭틲?떼훂퓚볆쯣뗄맽돌훐?솣ퟓ뗄뛠퇹탔톸쯙뗄쿻쪧?퓬돉쯣램ꆰ퓧쫬ꆱ쿖쿳?듓뛸떼훂쯣램늻쓜쫕솲떽좫뻖벫횵뗣.헢솽룶틲쯘춨뎣쏜늻뿉럖뗄뻀닸퓚튻웰?뫜쓑쮵퓚튻룶뻟쳥뗄컊쳢훐?떽뗗쫇쓇튻룶틲쯘퓚웰ퟷ폃?쪹뗃쯣램늻쓜쫕솲떽좫뻖벫횵뗣??헫뛔헢솽좱뗣?듳늿럖뗄룄뷸릤ퟷ훷튪쳥쿖퓚틔쿂벸룶랽쏦ꎺ?1ꎩ뗷헻맟탔좨훘ꎺ늻춬뗄컊쳢뛔쯣램뗄좫뻖믲뻖늿쯑쯷쓜솦폐늻춬뗄튪쟳?쯹틔쯣램뗄좫뻖쯑쯷쓜솦뫍뻖늿쯑쯷쓜솦횮볤뗄욽뫢맘쾵ퟮ뫃쫇뿉틔뗷헻뗄?컄쿗嬳㥝퓚뒫춳뗄솣ퟓ좺쯙뛈뗼듺릫쪽훐볓죫쇋맟탔좨훘?늢쳡돶ퟔ쫊펦뗷헻쿟탔뗝복맟탔좨훘닟싔?벴쯦ퟅ뗼듺듎쫽뗄퓶볓맟탔좨훘횵쿟탔뗝복?헢퇹쯣램퓚뗼듺뾪쪼폐ퟅ뷏잿뗄첽쯷쓜솦?뿉틔늻뛏쯑쯷탂뗄쟸폲ꎻ뛸퓚뗼듺뗄뫳웚폐ퟅ뷏잿뗄뾪랢쓜솦?쪹뗃쯣램뿉틔퓚뿉쓜뗄ퟮ폅뷢훜캧뺫쾸쯑쯷?헢쫇쒿잰쪹폃뇈뷏맣랺뗄튻훖솣ퟓ좺쯣램탎쪽?떫쫇헢훖랽램늢늻쓜랴펳헦쪵뗄쯑쯷맽돌?컄쿗嬸?훐룸돶쇋튻훖폃쒣뫽 9
쓾쿄듳톧쮶쪿싛컄 뗚뛾헂 솣ퟓ좺폅뮯쯣램룅쫶 뚯첬뗷헻맟탔좨훘뗄랽램?쿠뛔폚맟탔좨훘쿟탔뗝복닟싔?쒣뫽ퟔ쫊펦솣ퟓ좺폐ퟅ샠쯆뗄믲룼뫃뗄뷡맻?컄쿗?40?헫뛔뢴퓓럇쿟탔폅뮯컊쳢쳡돶쇋튻훖뚯첬룄뇤맟탔좨훘뗄ퟔ쫊펦솣ퟓ좺쯣램?캪쇋놣횤쯣램뗄쫕솲䍬敲?嬴ㅝ?틽죫쇋쫕쯵틲ퟓK?뛔맟탔좨훘뫍톧쾰틲ퟓ뷸탐헻쳥뗷뷚?쪵퇩뇭쏷?뷏횮쪹폃맟탔좨훘뗄솣ퟓ쯣램?룃닟싔폐ퟅ뷏뿬뗄쫕솲쯙뛈?컄쿗嬴㝝헫뛔룟캬몯쫽뗄폅뮯컊쳢쳡돶쇋튻훖뚯첬삩즢솣ퟓ좺쯣램?춨맽럇쿟탔몯쫽뗷뷚맟탔좨훘?퓚솣ퟓ쯙뛈룼탂랽쪽짏퓶볓튻룶뚯첬쯦믺쫽틔퓶잿솣ퟓ뗄쯑쯷쓜솦?쳡룟쯣램뗄탔쓜?춬쪱퓚튻뚨쳵볾쿂뛔솣ퟓ뷸탐훘탂삩즢?놣횤훖좺뗄뛠퇹탔?쪵퇩뷡맻뇭쏷?룃쯣램뗄톰폅쓜솦쏷쿔룟폚웤쯻튻킩룄뷸뗄솣ퟓ좺쯣램??′ꎩ죚죫웤쯻뷸뮯닟싔ꎺ헢훖룄뷸쫇뷡뫏솣ퟓ좺뫍웤쯻튻킩쯣램뗄폅뗣살쳡룟쯣램뗄탔쓜?컄쿗嬴㍝붫솣ퟓ좺쯣램훐쯙뛈뫍캻훃룼탂맦퓲폫뷸뮯쯣램뗄랱횳폫ퟓ훖좺뗄쮼쿫뷡뫏웰살?탎돉쇋듸폐랱횳뫍ퟓ훖좺뗄믬뫏솣ퟓ좺쯣램ꎻ룃쯣램틔룅싊뇪볇튪뷸탐랱횳뗄룶쳥?좻뫳듓뇪볇뗄룶쳥뗄훐쯦믺톡퓱솽룶살뷸탐붻닦짺돉탂뗄룶쳥ꎻ춬쪱?틽죫ퟓ훖좺뗄닟싔놣돖훖좺뗄뛠퇹탔?퓚컄쿗嬴㉝훐붫뺺주톡퓱뗄랽램죚죫솣ퟓ좺떱훐?쯤좻뫍믹놾솣ퟓ좺쯣램뗄닮틬탔뫜킡?떫쫇뺺헹톡퓱랽램뗄틽죫쪹믬뫏쯣램돉캪튻훖뫜뻟폐뾪랢솦뗄쯑쯷믺훆?컄쿗[13,44,45]훐퓚쯣램뗼듺훐틽죫늻춬뗄뇤틬쯣ퟓ벰ퟓ훖좺쮼쿫?놣돖쇋훖좺뗄뛠퇹탔?뿋럾쇋솣ퟓ좺쯣램틗폚쫕솲폚뻖늿ퟮ폅뗄좱뗣??3ꎩ솣ퟓힴ첬뗄뗷헻ꎺ뛔솣ퟓힴ첬뗷헻뗄룄뷸닟싔훷튪쫇뛔솣ퟓ좺훖좺뛠퇹탔뗄놣돖?듓뛸놣횤톰폅맽돌떱훐늻돶쿖ꆰ퓧쫬ꆱ벰쯣램춣훍뗄쿖쿳?듌벤훖좺뗄돖탸뷸뮯?컄쿗嬴㝝쳡돶쇋튻훖뚯첬룄뇤맟탔좨훘뗄ퟔ쫊펦솣ퟓ좺쯣램?춨맽뛔뢴퓓뗄럇쿟탔컊쳢뗄톰폅뗄쪵퇩?뇭쏷퓚쫕솲뺫뛈짏뷏뇪ힼ뗄솣ퟓ좺쯣램폐쯹쳡룟?컄쿗嬴㡝샻폃뺫펢벯췅닟싔?쫇뛠룶ퟮ폅캻훃탅쾢퓚훖좺쓚릲쿭?폐킧뗘놣돖쇋훖좺뗄뛠퇹탔?뇜쏢쇋퓧쫬쿖쿳ꎻ춨맽듳솿뗄쪵퇩뇭쏷룃쯣램뻟폐뷏잿뗄톰폅쓜솦뫍룼뫃뗄컈뚨탔?늢쟒볆쯣솿튲뷏킡?컄쿗嬴ㅝ퓚쯣램훐틽죫솣ퟓퟔ첽쯷닟싔?쪹뗃솣ퟓ뗄톧쾰탐캪룼럻뫏ퟔ좻뷧짺컯톧맦싉?룼폐샻폚솣ퟓ랢쿖컊쳢뗄좫뻖ퟮ폅횵???뷘횹떽쒿잰?뛔솣ퟓ좺쯣램룄뷸뗄쯣램퇐뺿뮹풶늻릻돉쫬췪짆?헹틩뇈뷏듳뗄쫇뫋탄닎쫽뗄톡퓱짏?늢쟒탭뛠룄뷸쯣램퓚쳡룟쯣램탔쓜뗄춬쪱튲퓶볓쇋쯣램뗄퓋쯣뢴퓓뛈?쫇퓚틔컾짼쯣램뗄볲뷠탔살뮻살뗄?헢뛔쫕솲쯙뛈튪쟳뷏룟뗄컊쳢뫜늻뫏쫊?춬쪱?뛔솣ퟓ좺믺샭랽쏦뗄퇐뺿릤ퟷ럇뎣뗄잷좱?틲듋?뛔솣ퟓ좺뗄룄뷸쎻폐믹놾뗄샭싛룹뻝ퟷ캪틀뻝?헢뛔쯣램뗄룄뷸뫍췪짆쫇뫜듳뗄쳴햽?? 10
쓾쿄듳톧쮶쪿싛컄 뗚뛾헂 솣ퟓ좺폅뮯쯣램룅쫶 솣ퟓ좺쯣램뗄펦폃 솣ퟓ좺쯣램펦폃쏦뫜맣?맺쓚췢탭뛠뗄뾯컯짏돶쿖늻춬폅뮯컊쳢뗄솣ퟓ좺쯣램ꎻ샽죧헻쫽맦뮮컊쳢嬴㥝ꆢ럇쿟탔맦뮮컊쳢嬵〬㔱?ꆢ뛠쒿뇪폅뮯컊쳢嬵㉝뗈?듋췢솣ퟓ좺쯣램퓚짱뺭췸싧통솷ꆢ쾵춳뇦뇰ꆢ뻛샠컊쳢뗈랽쏦튲폐ퟅ맣랺뗄펦폃?Ismail A,Engelbrecht AP嬵㍝샻폃솣ퟓ좺쯣램쪵쿖쇋뛔죋릤짱뺭췸싧좨횵뫍췸싧쒣탍뷡릹뗄폅뮯?늢붫퇐뺿뷡맻펦폃폚ꆰퟔ좻폯퇔듊ퟩꆱ뗄럖컶랽램짨볆?EI Gallad A I,El Hawary,M E Sallam,Kalas嬵㑝춬퇹쪹폃솣ퟓ좺쯣램뛔짱뺭췸싧뷸탐폅뮯?늢샻폃웤짨볆쇋뗪샯뇤톹웷뗄훇쓜놣뮤믺훆??솣ퟓ좺쯣램뫍웤쯻뗄훇쓜뷸뮯쯣램튻퇹?뿉틔폃폚듳뛠쫽뗄폅뮯컊쳢?샽죧뛠풪몯쫽뗄뗄폅뮯컊쳢ꆾ㐹ⰵ?ꆿ?냼삨듸폐풼쫸뗄폅뮯컊쳢?뺭맽듳솿뗄쪵퇩뇭쏷?솣ퟓ좺쯣램퓚뷢뻶튻킩뺭뗤뗄폅뮯컊쳢쪱?쓜릻좡뗃뇈틅뒫쯣램룼뫃뗄폅뮯뷡맻?? 2002쓪Omran뗈죋嬲そ붫솣ퟓ좺폅뮯뗄컞횸떼춼쿱럖샠쯣램?헢쫇ퟮ퓧뗄붫솣ퟓ좺폅뮯쯣램폃폚뻛샠컊쳢ꎻ횮뫳폖폐탭뛠뗄톧헟쳡돶쇋룷훖랽쪽뗄솣ퟓ좺뻛샠쯣램?Jarboui뗈嬲㝝쳡돶쇋튻훖믹폚Combinatorial Particle Swarm Optimization(CPSO)쯣램뗄뮮럖뻛샠랽램?룃랽램훐쎿룶솣ퟓ냼몬쯄룶뎤뛈캪N뗄ퟖ뒮⡎캪쫽뻝벯뗄맦쒣?PꆢXꆢY뫍V?춨맽뛔헢킩ퟖ뒮뗄닙ퟷ췪돉뛔쫽뻝뗄뮮럖ꎻ횣쿾쏹뗈죋嬲㡝쳡돶쇋튻훖믹폚쏢틟솣ퟓ좺폅뮯뗄뻛샠쯣램?룃쯣램뿋럾쇋뻛샠쯣램죝틗쫜돵쪼뻛샠훐탄펰쿬뗄좱쿝?뛸쟒쓜룼뫃뗘횸떼훖좺뎯ퟅퟮ폅랽뛸뷸뮯??돽짏쫶쇬폲췢?솣ퟓ좺쯣램퓚ퟔ뚯볬닢?짺컯탅뫅쪶뇰ꆢ뛠쒿뇪폅뮯ꆢ믺웷죋펦폃뗈랽쏦튲좡뗃쇋튻뚨뗄돉맻?? 11
쓾쿄듳톧쮶쪿싛컄 뗚죽헂 뻛샠럖컶룅쫶 뗚죽헂?뻛샠럖컶룅쫶? 틽퇔 럖샠쫇죋샠뗄튻쿮ퟮ믹놾뗄죏쪶믮뚯?퓚맅샏뗄럖샠톧훐?죋쏇훷튪쫇뾿뺭퇩뫍튵횪쪶?뫜짙샻폃쫽톧뗄랽램?쯦ퟅ뿆톧벼쫵뗄랢햹럖샠풽살풽쾸?폐쪱뷶욾뺭퇩믲튵횪쪶쫇풶풶늻릻뗄?폚쫇춳볆헢룶폐폃뗄릤뻟훰붥놻틽죫럖샠톧훐?탎돉쇋쫽횵럖샠톧?횮뫳?쫽샭춳볆훐뗄뛠풪럖컶랽램폐쇋톸쯙뗄랢햹?ퟔ좻뛠풪럖컶럖컶랽램놻틽죫럖샠톧훐?폚쫇뻛샠럖컶헢룶탂뗄럖횧훰붥듓쫽횵럖샠톧훐럖샫쇋돶살??쯹캽뻛샠뻍쫇내헕쫂컯뗄쒳킩쫴탔?냑쫂컯뻛벯돉샠믲듘?쪹샠쓚뗄뛔쿳횮볤뻟폐뷏룟뗄쿠쯆탔?뛸늻춬샠훐뗄뛔쿳볤뗄쿠쯆탔돌뛈뷏닮?20쫀볍70쓪듺?뛔뻛샠럖컶틑뺭폐쇋뷏캪짮죫뗄퇐뺿?퓚춳볆톧훐?훷튪퇐뺿믹폚벸뫎뻠샫뗄뻛샠?틔뻠샫ퟷ캪뛔쿳볤쿠쯆탔뗄에뇰뇪ힼ?퓚믺웷톧쾰훐?뻛샠폖돆컞볠뚽톧쾰?훷튪쳥쿖퓚쫽뻝뛔쿳뗄컞뇪쪶탔?쯼춬럖샠뗄룹놾쟸뇰쫇ꎺ럖샠쫇탨튪쫂쿈횪뗀쯹틀뻝뗄뛔쿳쳘헷?뛸뻛샠쫇튪헒떽헢킩쳘헷?틲듋?뻛샠럖컶퓚뫜뛠뗄펦폃훐ퟷ캪튻훖쫽뻝풤뒦샭맽돌?쫇뷸튻늽럖컶뫍뒦샭뗄믹뒡???뷼쪮쓪살?쯦ퟅ쫽뻝췚뻲벼쫵뗄탋웰?뛔뻛샠뗄퇐뺿쿆웰쇋탂뗄죈뎱?돽쇋춳볆톧뫍죋릤훇쓜쇬폲뗄퇐뺿죋풱췢?쫽뻝뿢쇬폲뗄죋튲볓죫떽쇋퇐뺿탐쇐?ퟷ캪쫽뻝뗄췚뻲릦쓜?뻛샠럖컶쓜릻쪶뇰쏜벯뫍쾡쫨뗄쟸폲?랢쿖좫뻖뗄럖늼쒣쪽벰쫽뻝쫴탔볤뗄쿠뮥맘쾵뗈?뿉ퟷ캪뷸튻늽럖컶뗄뛀솢릤뻟?? 뻛샠훐뗄쫽뻝샠탍벰쫽뻝뷡릹 ㌮㈮ㄠ뻛샠훐뗄쫽뻝샠탍?퓚뻛샠럖컶훐?튻냣냼삨틔쿂벸훖쫽뻝샠탍ꎺ??ꎩ쟸볤뇪뛈뇤솿ꎺ튲돆캪볤룴돟뛈?쫇튻룶듖싔쿟탔뇪뛈뗄솬탸뇤솿?샽죧?룷훖붱뷰ꆢ룷훖뷲쳹ꆢ죋뗄짭룟뫍쳥훘뗈???뛔폚쟸볤뇪뛈뇤솿?죧p캬쿲솿x뫍x뗄쿠쯆탔뛈솿튻냣쫇믹폚튻쿂벸훖뻠샫몯쫽살뚨틥ij뗄??1p2†††††?얷쫏뻠샫ꎺ††††?dxx=x2(,){∑(−)}†††††††?ꎨ㌮?ꎩ?ijkxijkk=1 12
쓾쿄듳톧쮶쪿싛컄 뗚죽헂 뻛샠럖컶룅쫶 p싼맾뛙뻠샫ꎺ††††?d(x,x)=∑|x−x|††††††††††ꎨ㌮?ꎩ?ijikjkk=1뛔폚짏쫶솽훖뻠샫탫싺ퟣ튻쿂쳵볾ꎺ?††††?ꎩ††?d(x,x)≥0†††††††††††?뻠샫뗄럇뢺탔††††??ij††††䥉ꎩ††d(x,x)=0†††††††††††?뛔쿳떽ퟔ짭뗄뻠샫캪쇣†?ij†††⁉䥉ꎩ††d(x,x)=d(x,x)††††††††?뻠샫뗄뛔돆탔†††††??ijji††††䥖ꎩ†?d(x,x)≤d(x,x)+d(x,x)†††?죽뷇늻뗈쪽?ijikkj튻냣뮯뗄쏷뾼쮹믹ꎨMinkowakiꎩ뻠샫ꎺ??1pn†††††††††††?dnm(x,x)=∑(x−)ijikxjk†††††††††††ꎨ㌮?ꎩ?k=1?헢샯n쫇튻룶헽헻쫽?떱n=1쪱?쯼뇭쪾싼맾뛙뻠샫ꎻ떱n=2쪱?쯼뇭쪾얷쫏뻠샫ꎻ떱n쟷폚컞쟮쪱?벴?†††††††††††?d∞(x,x)=max|x−x|†††††††††††ijikjk†ꎨ㌮?ꎩ?1≤k≤p돆웤캪쟐뇈톩럲뻠샫??⠲⤠뛾풪뇤솿ꎺ뛾풪뇤솿횻쫇뇭쪾솽룶ힴ첬ꎺ?뫍〮웤훐뛾풪뇤솿폖폐뛔돆뗄뛾풪뇤솿뫍늻뛔돆뗄뛾풪뇤솿횮럖?잰헟횸뗄쫇뇤솿뗄솽룶ힴ첬쎻폐폅쿈좨?뛸뫳헟뛔폚늻춬뗄ힴ첬웤훘튪탔늻춬??뛔폚뛾풪뇤솿뗄닮틬뛈솿폐튻쿂솽훖랽쪽ꎺ??ꎩ볲떥욥엤쾵쫽ꎺ†††r+sd(x,x)=†?ꎨ뛔돆뗄쟩뿶ꎩ††††††ꎨ㌮?ꎩ?ijq+r+s+t䥉ꎩ䩡捣慲?쾵쫽ꎺ††?r+sd(x,x)=†††ꎨ럇뛔돆뗄쟩뿶ꎩ†††††?ꎨ㌮?ꎩ?ijq+r+s웤훐q쫇퓚솽룶뛔쿳훐쫴탔횵뚼캪?뗄룶쫽?r쫇쫴탔횵퓚x훐캪?뛸퓚x훐캪?뗄쫴탔룶쫽?sij쫇쫴탔횵퓚x훐캪?뛸퓚x훐캪?뗄쫴탔룶쫽?t쫇쫴탔횵퓚솽룶뛔쿳훐쫴탔횵뚼캪?뗄룶쫽??ijꎨ?ꎩ뇪돆탍?탲쫽탍벰뇈샽뇪뛈탍뇤솿ꎺ뇪돆탍뇤솿폖돆쏻틥돟뛈?쫇뛾풪뇤솿뗄췆맣?쯼뿉틔폐뛠룶ힴ첬?쟒ힴ첬횮볤쫇컞탲뗄튲늻뿉뇈뷏듳킡?웤닮틬뛈뿉폃볲떥쾵쫽욥엤램볆쯣?? 13
쓾쿄듳톧쮶쪿싛컄 뗚죽헂 뻛샠럖컶룅쫶 †††††††††††††q−nd(x,x)=†††††††††††††††?ꎨ㌮?ꎩ?ijq웤훐n쫇뛔쿳x뫍x훐욥엤뗄쫴탔룶쫽?뛸q쫇좫늿뗄쫴탔룶쫽??ij탲쫽탍뇤솿샠쯆뇪돆탍뇤솿?떫쯼뗄횸뇪쫇폃폐탲뗄뗈벶살뇭쪾?죧컄뮯돌뛈럖캪컄쎤ꆢ킡톧ꆢ훐톧뗈듎탲맘쾵?뇈샽뇪뛈탍뇤솿쫇퓚럇쿟탔뗄뇪뛈좡헽횵뗄뛈솿횵??ꎨ?ꎩ믬뫏탍쫽뻝뇤솿ꎺ퓚탭뛠뗄쪵볊쫽뻝뿢훐?뛔쿳뛠쫇평믬뫏샠탍뗄쫽뻝살쏨쫶?뿉쓜냼몬짏쫶뗄늿럖믲헟좫늿뗄쫽뻝샠탍?퓚뛔헢퇹뗄쫽뻝뗄쿠쯆뛈솿쪱?쫇붫쯼쏇ퟩ뫏퓚춬튻쿠쯆뛈솿뻘헳훐뷸탐볆쯣?짨쫽뻝벯냼몬p룶늻춬샠탍뗄뇤솿?뛔쿳x뫍x횮볤뗄닮틬뛈뚨틥캪ꎺ?ijp∑kkddijij††††††††††††?d(xx1,)=k=†††††††††††††††ꎨ㌮?ꎩ?ijp∑dkijk=1웤훐?죧맻xx=x=?쟒뇤솿kik믲xjk좱쪧믲0ikjk쫇늻뛔돆뛾풪뇤솿?퓲횸뇪쿮dk=0ꎻ럱퓲?ij횸뇪쿮dk=1?룹뻝늻춬뗄쫽뻝샠탍?k뛔x뫍x횮볤뗄닮틬뛈폐죧쿂뗄볆쯣랽쪽ꎺ?ijijꎨ?ꎩ쫴탔k쫇뛾풪믲뇪돆뇤솿ꎺ죧맻xik=xjk?dk=0ꎻ럱퓲dk=1??ijijꎨ䥉ꎩ쫴탔k쫇쟸볤뇪뛈뇤솿ꎺ?|x−x|jdkikk=?헢샯n좡뇩뻟폐럇뿕쫴탔k뗄ijmaxnxnk−minnxnk쯹폐쫽뻝뛔쿳??ꎨ䥉?ꎩ쫴탔k쫇탲쫽탍믲뇈샽뇪뛈탍뇤솿ꎺ붫웤뮯캪쟸볤뇪뛈뇤솿횵뛔듽??㌮㈮㈠뻛샠훐뗄쫽뻝뷡릹?퓚뻛샠럖컶훐믹폚쓚듦뗄뻛샠쯣램춨뎣닉폃틔쿂솽훖쫽뻝뷡릹ꎺ?⠱?쫽뻝뻘헳?†?쫽뻝뻘헳쫇튻룶뛔쿳?쫴탔뷡릹?쎿쇐듺뇭뛔쿳뗄튻룶쫴탔?쎿탐뇭쪾튻룶쫽뻝뛔쿳?뻟폐m룶쫴탔뗄n룶뛔쿳뿉틔폃튻룶n×m뻘헳살뇭쪾ꎺ?a11La1n†††††††††††††††?MOM??an1Lann⠲?닮틬뛈뻘헳? 14
쓾쿄듳톧쮶쪿싛컄 뗚죽헂 뻛샠럖컶룅쫶 ?닮틬뛈뻘헳듦뒢n룶뛔쿳솽솽횮볤뗄쿠틬탔?쯼쫇튻룶뛔쿳?뛔쿳뷡릹?웤뇭쿖탎쪽쫇튻룶n×n캬뻘헳??0d(2,1)0††††††††††?dd(3,1)(3,2)0?MMMdndn(,1)(,2)LL0웤훐뻘헳뗄쎿룶풪쯘d(i,j)뇭쪾뛔쿳i뫍j횮볤뗄닮틬뛈?쯼쫇튻룶럇뢺쫽?쟒d(i,j)=d(j,i)?d(i,i)=0?떱룃쫽뻝뷓뷼?횵쪱?뇭쪾뛔쿳i뫍j풽쿠쯆ꎻ떱룃쫽횵풽듳쪱?뇭쪾뛔쿳i뫍j닮틬풽듳??쫽뻝뻘헳폖뿉돆캪뛾쒣?two-mode?뻘헳?틲캪쫽뻝뻘헳뗄탐뫍쇐뇭쪾늻춬뗄쪵쳥ꎻ뛸닮틬뛈뻘헳퓲폖뿉돆캪떥쒣ꎨone-modeꎩ뻘헳?쫽뻝뻘헳뗄탐뫍쇐뇭쪾뗄쫇춬튻쪵쳥?튻냣뗄뻛샠쯣램뚼쫇뻟폐닮틬뛈뻘헳뷸탐뻛샠뗄?죴쫽뻝틔쫽뻝뻘헳뗄탎쪽룸돶뗄?쓇쎴뻍튪쿈붫뮻캪닮틬뛈뻘헳?좻뫳샻폃뻛샠쯣램뷸탐뒦샭??뻛샠쯣램럖샠 헫뛔늻춬뗄쫽뻝샠탍?뻛샠뗄쒿뗄벰펦폃?퓚뻛샠쯣램뗄퇐뺿짏톧헟쏇쳡돶쇋룷훖룷퇹뗄랽램?떫쫇맩쓉웰살웤듳쳥뿉럖캪틔쿂벸샠嬵㕝ꎺ?ꎨ?ꎩ뮮럖랽램?Partitionging Method?ꎺ룃랽램쫇뒴붨쫽뻝벯뗄떥닣뮮럖?뛔폚튻룶냼몬n룶뛔쿳뗄쫽뻝벯뫍튪릹붨뗄뮮럖쫽쒿k?뮮럖램룹뻝튻뚨뗄맦퓲뛔쯹폐뗄뛔쿳좷뚨튻룶돵쪼뮮럖?좻뫳닉폃뗼듺뗄훘탂뚨캻벼쫵?쫇쫽뻝뛔쿳퓚뮮럖횮볤살믘틆뚯?틔듯떽ퟮ폅?춬쪱?쯼튲튪싺ퟣ죧쿂튪쟳ꎺ쎿룶ퟩ훁짙냼몬튻룶쫽뻝뛔쿳ꎻ쎿룶뛔쿳뇘탫쫴폚쟒횻쫴폚튻룶ퟩ?퓚쒣뫽뮮럖훐뗚뛾룶튪쟳뿉틔럅뿭?룃랽램뗄뗤탍듺뇭폐ꎺK-means쯣램?K-medoids쯣램嬵㙝뗈??ꎨ?ꎩ닣듎랽램?Hierarchical Method)ꎺ닣듎뻛샠쫇붫쫽뻝벯럖뷢돉벸벶뷸탐뻛샠뗄?닣뗄뷡릹뿉틔폃쫷탎춼살뇭쪾?닣듎뻛샠뿉폐솽룶랽쿲살뷸탐ꎺ튻쫇ퟔ뗗쿲짏뗄쓽뻛램?튻뾪쪼붫쎿룶뛔쿳ퟷ캪떥뛀뗄ퟩ?좻뫳쿠볌뫏늢쿠뷼믲쿠쯆뗄뛔쿳믲ퟩ?횱떽싺ퟣ훕횹쳵볾ꎻ튻쫇ퟔ뚥쿲쿂뗄럖쇑램?튻뾪쪼붫쯹폐뗄뛔쿳뾴ퟷ튻룶ퟩ?죃뫳훰늽냑듳듘럖쇑캪킡듘?횱떽싺ퟣ훕횹쳵볾?쿠뛔폚뮮럖램?닣듎랽램늻탨쫂쿈횸뚨뻛샠뗄쫽쒿?닣듎뻛샠훐뗄듺뇭탔쯣램폐ꎺBIRCH[ㄸ?쯣램쫇뷏캪폐킧뗘ퟛ뫏랽램?CURE[57]쯣램뷢뻶쇋욫뫃쟲탎뫍쿠쯆듳킡뗄컊쳢?뛔맂솢뗣뗄뒦샭튲뇈뷏붡ힳ?? 15
쓾쿄듳톧쮶쪿싛컄 뗚죽헂 뻛샠럖컶룅쫶 ꎨ?ꎩ믹폚쏜뛈뗄랽램?Density-Based Method⤺믹폚쏜뛈뗄뻛샠랽램쫇틔뻖늿쫽뻝쳘헷ퟷ캪뻛샠뗄에뛏뇪ힼ?웤훷튪쮼쿫쫇ꎺ횻튪쇙뷼쟸폲뗄쏜뛈ꎨ쫽뻝뗣믲뛔쿳뗄쫽쒿ꎩ뎬맽쒳룶횵?뻍볌탸뻛샠?튲뻍쫇쮵?뛔룸뚨샠훐뗄쫽뻝뗣?퓚튻룶룸뚨뗄쟸폲훐뇘탫훁짙냼몬쒳룶쫽쒿뗄뗣?뛠쫽믹폚쏜뛈뻛샠랽램탎돉뗄뻛샠탎ힴ뿉틔쫇죎틢뗄?DBSCAN嬵㡝쯣램쫇튻룶폐듺뇭탔뗄믹폚쏜뛈뗄뻛샠랽램??⠴⤠믹폚췸룱뗄랽램?Grid-Based Method?ꎺ믹폚췸룱뗄랽램냑뛔쿳뿕볤솿뮯캪폐쿞쫽쒿뗄떥풪?탎돉튻룶뛠럖뇦싊뗄췸룱뷡릹?냑뛔쫽뻝뗄뾼달뮯캪뛔췸룱뿕볤뗄뾼달?쪹웤뛀솢폚쫽뻝뛔쿳쫽쒿?웤폅뗣쫇뒦샭쯙뛈뿬⹓呉乇쯣램쫇믹폚췸룱랽램뗄뗤탍샽ퟓ??ꎨ?ꎩ믹폚쒣탍뗄랽램?Model-Based Method?ꎺ믹폚쒣탍뗄랽램쫇캪쎿룶쫽뻝듘볙뚨쇋튻룶쒣탍?톰헒쫽뻝뛔룸뚨쒣탍뗄ퟮ병쓢뫏?룃랽램쫇믹폚헢퇹뗄튻룶볙짨ꎺ쫽뻝쫇내헕튻훖잱퓚뗄룅싊럖늼뛸짺돉뗄??뻛샠뗄킧폃움볛 뻛샠뗄룹놾쒿뗄쫇튪랢뻲쫽뻝벯훐잱퓚뗄탅쾢?듓뛸죧뫎뛔컞뇪쪶뗄쫽뻝벯톡돶뫏쫊뗄럖샠룶쫽뷸탐움볛쫇뻛샠럖컶훐뗄튻룶훘튪랽쏦?쳘뇰쫇뛠캬쳘헷쿲솿뗄쫽뻝?늻쓜횱맛뾴돶뻛샠킧맻?듓뛸쿂탨튪폃뛠훐횸뇪뷸탐ퟛ뫏움볛??†튻냣뛔뻛샠뷡맻뗄움볛내헕솽룶횸뇪뷸탐뗄?튻쫇샠횮볤풪쯘뗄쿠쯆탔?튻쫇샠쓚풪쯘뗄쿠쯆탔?쿂쏦쫇킩뎣폃뗄킧폃움볛횸뇪ꎺ?‱ꎩDunn킧폃횸뇪嬶そ?†††††††††?d(z,z)DijK=maxmini=1,L,Kj=i+1,L†††††††††?ꎨ㌮?ꎩ?,Kmaxdiam(z)=1,L,Ktt웤훐??†††††††††††d(z,z)=mind(x,y)††††††††††††††ꎨ㌮ꎩ?ijx∈z,y∈zij††††††††††††diam(z)=max(d(x,y)††††††††††††††⠳⸱ㄩ?x,y∈z헢쫇Dunn쳡돶뗄킧폃횸뇪?K쫇횸뚨뗄뻛샠쫽쒿?z?=1,2,L,K쫇룷룶샠뗄훐탄?쿔좻?Dunni횸뇪뗄횵풽듳쪱?뇭쏷쫽뻝벯냼몬폐뷴훂뛈뫍럖샫뛈풽뫃뗄뻛샠뷡맻??ꎨ?ꎩBeZdek뚨틥뗄뮮럖쾵쫽? 16
쓾쿄듳톧쮶쪿싛컄 뗚죽헂 뻛샠럖컶룅쫶 †††††††††††?1knFUK=u2(,)∑∑†††††††††††††††ꎨ㌮ㄲꎩ?niji=1j=1뮮럖쾵쫽뗄뻛샠횸뇪?훷튪쫇헫뛔쒣뫽뻛샠뷡맻뗄움볛?헢샯떱F(U,K)좡ퟮ듳횵쪱뛔펦ퟅퟮ병뗄뻛샠룶쫽K∗??ꎨ?ꎩBeZdek뚨틥뮮럖횸뇪?††††††††††?1knF(U,K)=−∑∑ulogu††††††††††††ꎨ㌮ㄳꎩ?nijiji=1j=1떱F(U,K)뗃횵ퟮ킡뗄쪱뫲뛔펦ퟮ뫃뗄뻛샠룶쫽K??짏쫶솽룶횸뇪쫇헫뛔폚뮮럖뗄쒣뫽뻛샠쳡돶뗄킧폃횸뇪?웤좱뗣쫇뛔쒣뫽틲ퟓ뷏캪쏴룐?쟒쎻폐뾼싇쫽뻝벯뗄뷡릹??ꎨ?ꎩ?Xie-Beni횸뇪?kn∑∑2u2x−vijij††††††††††FUKi=1j=1(,)=††††††††††††?ꎨ㌮ㄴꎩ?2nminv−viji,j퓚Xie-Beni횸뇪훐럖ퟓ늿럖쏨쫶쇋쒣뫽뮮럖뗄뷴훂탔?럖쒸늿럖쏨쫶쇋샠폫샠횮볤뗄럖샫돌뛈?떱쯼좡ퟮ킡횵쪱뛔펦ퟅퟮ폅뗄뻛샠룶쫽K??⠵⤠Fukuyama뫍Sugeno뚨틥뗄킧폃횸뇪?knkn2††††††††2F(U,K)=∑∑umx−v−∑∑umv−v††††††?ꎨ㌮ㄵꎩ?ijjiijii=1j=1i=1j=1웤훐⠳⸱㔩쪽폒뇟뗄뗚튻쿮뇭쪾샠쓚뗄뷴훂뛈솿?뗚뛾쿮뇭쪾샠볤뗄럖샫뛈?떱쯼좡ퟮ킡횵쪱?뛔펦ퟮ병뗄뻛샠룶쫽K??ꎨ?ꎩKwon뚨틥뗄킧폃횸뇪?kn∑∑21k2u2x−v+∑v−vijjii††††††††?i=1j=1kFUKi=1(,)=†††††††ꎨ㌮ㄶꎩmin2vp−v≠qpqKwon뚨틥뗄킧폃횸뇪쫇샻폃랣몯쫽뗄랽램?살뿋럾Xie-Beni횸뇪쯦ퟅ뻛샠쫽뗄퓶볓뛸떥뗷뗝복뗄쟷쫆?떱쯼좡ퟮ킡횵쪱뛔펦ퟮ병뗄뻛샠쫽K?? 17
쓾쿄듳톧쮶쪿싛컄 뗚죽헂 뻛샠럖컶룅쫶 놾헂킡뷡 뻛샠럖컶쫇쫽뻝췚뻲훐쪮럖믮풾뗄튻룶퇐뺿쇬폲⸠놾헂뷩짜쇋뻛샠럖컶뗄쫽뻝샠탍뫍쫽뻝뷡릹?뻛샠훐뎣폃뗄뻠샫벰쿠쯆뛈ꎨ닮틬뛈ꎩ뗄볆쯣랽램?뻛샠쯣램뗄럖샠?ퟮ뫳?볲쫶뻛샠럖컶훐뎣폃뗄킧폃횸뇪몯쫽? 18
쓾쿄듳톧쮶쪿싛컄 뗚쯄헂 믹폚솣ퟓ좺뗄룟캬쒣뫽C-뻹횵뻛샠 뗚쯄헂†믹폚솣ퟓ좺뗄룟캬쒣뫽??뻹횵뻛샠? 틽퇔 퓚쫽뻝췚뻲훐?쯦ퟅ뻛샠럖컶펦폃쇬폲뗄삩햹뫍짮죫?컒쏇뺭뎣튪쏦뛔헢퇹뗄튻킩컊쳢ꎺWeb췚뻲ꆢ컄놾뻛샠ꆢ쯑쯷틽쟦ꆢ뿍뮧럖컶ꆢ믹틲뇭듯뗈?뛸헢킩컊쳢뗄쫽뻝뛔쿳췹췹쫇폐벸쪮룶짵훁벸냙룶쫴탔?붫헢킩쫽뻝뇭쪾돉룟캬쫴탔뿕볤뗄튻룶쿲솿믲뗣?뻍뿉틔냑쿖쪵펦폃훐뗄뛔쿳폃룟캬쫽뻝뗄벯뫏뇭쪾돶살?튻냣죏캪떱쫽뻝뗄캬뛈룟폚16쪱?뇣뿉죏캪쫇룟캬쫽뻝?헢킩쫽뻝폫뗍캬쫽뻝쿠뇈?퓚뫜뛠랽쏦뇭쿖돶늻춬뗄쳘헷?뛸헢킩쳘헷룸룟캬뿕볤뻛샠듸살뫜듳뗄쳴햽??퇐뺿뇭쏷嬶ㅝ?퓚쫽뻝뗄캬뛈뎬맽20쪱?뒫춳뗄뻛샠랽램뫍쯷틽랽램뗄탔쓜믡벱뻧쿂붵?짵훁컞램췪돉뻛샠죎컱?룟캬쫽뻝뻛샠뗄컊쳢퓚폚ꎺ⠱?뻠샫몯쫽뗄쓑틔뚨틥?평폚룟캬쫽뻝뗄쾡쫨탔쪹뗃퓚뗍캬뿕볤뚨틥뗄뻠샫늻쓜쫊폃폚룟캬쫽뻝⸨㈩룟캬쫽뻝훐뗄컞맘쫴탔벰퓫짹쫴탔뚼뫜폐뿉쓜떼훂듭컳뗄뻛샠⸨㌩평폚쫽뻝뗄캬뛈뫜룟?뒫춳뻛샠쯣램뗄볆쯣뢴퓓뛈믡톸쯙퓶볓듓뛸쪹뗃쯣램뗄탔쓜쿂붵??뛔폚룟캬쫽뻝뗄뻛샠훷튪폐죽샠쯣램ꎺ⠱?쫴탔뮻ꎻ⠲?ퟓ뿕볤뻛샠ꎻ⠳?킭춬뻛샠?떫쫇?늻맜쫇쓇훖랽램?웤놾훊嬶㉝뚼쫇퓚쒳훖쿠쯆탔뛈솿믲닮틬뛈뛈솿뗄뚨틥쿂뷸탐뗄?ퟮ뷼쇚닩톯뗄늻컈뚨탔쿔쪾쇋믹폚뒫춳뻠샫뗄쿠쯆탔ꎨ닮틬탔ꎩ뚨틥퓚룟캬쫽뻝훐폶떽뗄컊쳢?뷸뛸틽웰쇋죋쏇뛔쫽뻝캬쫽뫍뻠샫횮볤맘쾵퇐뺿뗄얨뫱탋좤?퓵퇹뚨틥튻훖쫊뫏폚룟캬쫽뻝뗄뻠샫돉캪쇋퇐뺿뗄훘뗣⸠Aggarwal뗈죋뛔??랶쫽뫍쫽뻝캬뛈횮볤맘쾵뷸탐쇋짮죫뗄퇐뺿?뷡맻뇭쏷떱쫽뻝벯뗄룷룶캬뛈싺ퟣ뛀솢춬럖늼쪱?쯦ퟅ쫽뻝캬뛈d뗄퓶볓?쫽뻝벯뗄ퟮ듳폫ퟮ킡뗄뻠샫닮11min−Dmax−D믡틔dk2뗄쯙싊퓶볓?뛔폚L1?랶쫽?벴k=1쪱?룃닮횵쟷폚컞쟮듳ꎻ뛔폚L2?랶쫽?벴얷쫏뻠샫쪱?룃닮횵뷩폚솬룶뎣쫽횮볤ꎻ떫쫇뛔폚웤쯼뗄뻠샫뛈솿룃닮횵쯦ퟅd뗄퓶볓쟷뷼폚쇣?듓뛸뇭쏷k횵풽듳?ퟮ듳?ퟮ킡뻠샫횮볤뗄뛔뇈풽늻쏷쿔?뛸뛔폚늻춬뗄뻠샫ힼ퓲?ퟮ뷼뫍1ퟮ풶뻠샫닮폚ퟮ뷼뻠샫뗄뇈횵(Dmax−Dmin)/Dmin뚼틔d2쿂붵?떫뷏뗍뗄k횵튪폅폚뷏룟뗄k횵?뻝듋?퇮럧헙嬳㑝뗈죋붫k횵퇓짬떽k<1?돆헢훖뻠샫캪럖쫽뻠샫?늢횤쏷헢훖뻠샫쓜쳡릩뇈헻쫽뻠샫뛈솿룼뫃뗄럖뇦탔쓜?떫ퟮ듳?ퟮ킡뻠샫닮뫍ퟮ킡뻠샫뗄뇈횵죔좻쯦ퟅ캬쫽뗄퓶볓뛸복킡??횮뫳?퇮럧헙뗈쳡돶쇋튻훖탂뗄쫊폃폚룟캬쫽뻝쿠쯆뛈뛈솿몯쫽Hsim()?쯼뿉틔뷏뫃뗘뿋럾 19
쓾쿄듳톧쮶쪿싛컄 뗚쯄헂 믹폚솣ퟓ좺뗄룟캬쒣뫽C-뻹횵뻛샠 Lk?랶쫽뗈뒫춳뻠샫퓚뒦샭룟캬쫽뻝쪱뗄좱뗣?쟒뿉틔붫뛾횵뫍쫽횵탍쫽뻝뗄뻠샫뗄볆쯣춳튻웰살?퓚듋믹뒡횮짏?놾컄쳡돶쇋튻훖탂뗄쫊폃폚룟캬쫽뻝뗄뻠샫?늢붫횮폃폚믹폚솣ퟓ좺뗄쒣뫽뻛샠쯣램횮훐살뛔룟캬쫽뻝뷸탐뒦샭⸠?룟캬뿕볤뻠샫몯쫽뫍쒣뫽C-뻹횵뻛샠쯣램 㐮㈮?룟캬쫽뻝뻠샫뗄훘탂뚨틥?튻룶뫃뗄뻠샫몯쫽펦룃뻟폐틗폚샭뷢?볆쯣볲떥?뛔뇈탔뷏뫃뗈쳘뗣?볈튪쓜뷏뫃뗄뇭듯돶뛔쿳횮볤뗄닮뇰?튲튪뫍죋뗄쮼캬쾰맟쿠럻뫏?퓚룟캬뿕볤훐Lk?랶쫽쯹뚨틥뗄뻠샫몯쫽?웤뛔쿳볤뻠샫뗄뛔뇈탔틑뺭늻뢴듦퓚?튲뻍쫇쮵튻룶뗣떽쯼뗄ퟮ풶뗣뗄뻠샫뫍떽쯼ퟮ뷼뗣뗄뻠샫벸뫵쫇쿠뗈뗄?틲듋?튪뷢뻶헢룶컊쳢ꎬ컒쏇훘탂뚨틥뻠샫몯쫽살뇭쪾룟캬쫽뻝볤뗄뿍맛뻠샫??퓚컄쿗嬳㑝훐짨볆쇋튻룶헢퇹뗄룟캬쿠쯆뛈뛈솿몯쫽ꎺ??d∑1††††††††††††Hsimi=1+x−y(x,yii)=1||†††††††††††?ꎨ㐮?ꎩ?d웤훐?x=(x1,L,xd)?y=(y1,L,yd)쫇d캬뿕볤짏뗄솽룶뗣??룃몯쫽폐죧쿂탔훊ꎺ??ꎩ?쯼뇭쪾솽룶뛔쿳뗄쿠쯆돌뛈?몯쫽횵풽뷓뷼폚ㄬ뇭쏷솽룶뛔쿳풽쿠쯆ꎻ??ꎩ0<Hsim(x,y)≤1?떱x=y쪱?폐Hsim(x,y)=1ꎬ뇭쪾솽뛔쿳췪좫훘뫏ꎻ??ꎩHsim(x,y)=Hsim(y,x)ꎻ??ꎩ떱룷룶캬뛈짏뗄닮횵뚼뷓뷼컞쟮쪱?몯쫽횵쟷뷼폚쇣?솽룶뛔쿳볤뗄쿠쯆탔ퟮ킡??컒쏇뿉틔뾴떽?몯쫽훐햼훷떼뗘캻뗄쫇쓇킩닮횵뷏킡뗄캬?쟒쪵퇩뇭쏷?폃Hsim()몯쫽볆쯣뗄쿠뛔뻠샫닮늻쯦캬쫽뗄퓶볓뛸복킡?틲뛸?웤뛔룟캬쫽뻝폐ퟅ뷏잿뗄쫊펦쓜솦??쫜웤웴랢컒쏇룸돶쇋죧쿂뗄뻠샫몯쫽ꎺ??†††††††††††Hdd(x,y)=−1††††††††††††ꎨ㐮?ꎩ?d∑1i=11+|x−y|ii웤훐?x=(x1,L,xd)?y=(y1,L,yd)쫇d캬뿕볤짏뗄솽룶뗣?? 20
쓾쿄듳톧쮶쪿싛컄 뗚쯄헂 믹폚솣ퟓ좺뗄룟캬쒣뫽C-뻹횵뻛샠 컒쏇횪뗀떽Lk?랶쫽쯹뚨틥뗄뻠샫뫜쓑틔뿋럾룟캬쫽뻝훐쾡쫨탔뫍퓫짹쯹듸살뗄펰쿬?웤헦쪵뻠샫뗄탅쾢놻퇍쎻퓚벸룶닮횵뇈뷏듳뗄캬쫽훐?듓뛸쪹뗃쫽뻝뗣횮볤뗄뻠샫늻뻟폐뿉뇈탔?뛸퓚컒쏇쮵뚨틥뗄뻠샫몯쫽훐웤캬뛈횵뗄닮풽킡웤뛔뻠샫뗄릱쿗뻍풽듳?뻍쫇쮵솽룶쫽뻝벯풽쿠쯆ꎬ쯼쏇횮볤뗄뻠샫뻍풽뷼?랴횮뻍풽풶??쿂쏦컒쏇뻙샽쮵쏷Hd( )폫Lk?랶쫽횮볤뗄쟸뇰?캪볲떥웰볻?헢샯컒쏇닉폃얷쫏뻠샫?짨폐a?b?c죽룶캬뿕볤쿲솿?죧뇭???쯹쪾ꎺ?††††††††††††††††뇭??ㄠ쿲솿쫽뻝?캬쫽?캬??캬??캬??캬??캬??캬??캬??캬??캬??캬?쿲솿?a?????????????????????b??????????????????????c?????????????????????††평뇭훐쫽뻝뿉틔뾴떽a뫍b훐폐?캬췪좫쿠춬?횻폐뗚캬쫽뻝닮뇰뷏듳?뛸a뫍c횮볤쎿룶캬뛈짏뗄닮뇰뚼뫜듳?횱맛짏뾴쫽뻝a뫍b횮볤룼쿠쯆?뻛샠쪱펦룃맩캪튻샠ꎻ뇭쿖퓚뻠샫짏컒쏇쾣췻a뫍b횮볤뗄뻠샫펦룃룼볓뗄뷓뷼?컒쏇럖뇰룸돶짏쫶쯹룸뗄뻠샫뫍얷쫏뻠샫쯹볆쯣뗄뷡맻ꎺ??D(a,b)=998††††††††††?Hd(a,b)≈ 21
쓾쿄듳톧쮶쪿싛컄 뗚쯄헂 믹폚솣ퟓ좺뗄룟캬쒣뫽C-뻹횵뻛샠 c†††††††††††∑m=1†††?i=1,2,L,n††††††††††††ꎨ㐮?ꎩ?ijj=1n∑m>0†?j=1,2,L,c†††††††††††††?ꎨ㐮?ꎩ?iji=1쒣뫽??뻹횵쯣램뚨틥쒿뇪몯쫽캪ꎺ?cn2Jm(U,A)=∑∑mmx−A††††††††††?ꎨ㐮?ꎩ?ijjii=1i=1웤훐?mꎨm>1)쫇쒣뫽횸쫽?∗듺뇭얷쫏뻠샫?A(i=1,2,L,c)?쫇뻛샠훐탄??i쒣뫽??뻹횵뻛샠쯣램뻍쫇붫쒿뇪몯쫽J(U,A)ퟮ킡뮯뗄뗼듺맽돌?퓚뗼듺맽돌훐U?A쫇내헕죧쿂릫쪽룼탂ꎺ?−12cxA(m1)ji∑−−ifx−A≠02jkk=1x−A(m−1)jk††††††?m=1ifx−A=0;(k=j)††††?ꎨ㐮?ꎩ?ijjk0ifx−A=0;(k≠j)jkn∑mmxijj†††††††††††††?Aj=1=††††††††††††††††?ꎨ㐮?ꎩ?in∑mmijj=1쒣뫽??뻹횵뻛샠쯣램뗄뗼듺쇷돌죧쿂ꎺ?Step 1 †쯦믺돵쪼뮯뻛샠훐탄A0?톡퓱뻛샠훐탄룶쫽c(2≤c<n)?n쫇쫽뻝룶쫽ꎻ좷뚨쒣뫽횸쫽횵m?짨뚨뗼듺춣횹횵e?짨훃뗼듺듎쫽웷吽?ꎻ?Step 2†룹뻝릫쪽ꎨ㐮?ꎩ볆쯣믲룼탂뮮럖뻘헳UT=(m)ꎻ?ijc×nStep 3†룹뻝릫쪽ꎨ㐮?ꎩ룼탂뻛샠훐탄ATꎻ?Step 4†죴AT−AT+1≤e?퓲춣횹뗼듺?럱퓲쇮吽含ㄬ却数′?쒣뫽??뻹횵뻛샠쯣램쫇펦폃뷏캪맣랺뗄튻훖쒣뫽뻛샠쯣램?퓚훚뛠뗄쒣뫽뻛샠쯣램훐?룃쯣램늻뷶폐뷏캪췪짆뗄쫽톧믹뒡?뛸쟒퓚뫜뛠쇬폲틑뺭믱뗃쇋돉릦뗄펦폃ꎻ떱좻?룃쯣램튲폐ퟅ뫜뛠 22
쓾쿄듳톧쮶쪿싛컄 뗚쯄헂 믹폚솣ퟓ좺뗄룟캬쒣뫽C-뻹횵뻛샠 늻ퟣ횮뒦?용죧쒣뫽틲ퟓm뗄좡횵?뻛샠샠뇰뗄톡퓱뗈ꎻ쒣뫽??뻹횵뻛샠쯣램쫇춨맽뗼듺쳝뛈쿂붵뗄랽램살톰폅뗄?틲듋?웤뛔돵쪼뮯쫽뻝쳘뇰쏴룐?뫜죝틗쿝죫뻖늿벫횵?뛸헒늻떽좫뻖ퟮ폅뷢?캪듋?죋쏇냑뷸뮯쯣램틽죫떽쇋쒣뫽뻛샠훐?틔웤살뿋럾쒣뫽??뻹횵쯣램뗄좱뗣?듓뛸듯떽좫뻖톰폅뗄쒿뗄?? 믹폚솣ퟓ좺뗄룟캬쒣뫽C-뻹횵뻛샠쯣램 㐮㌮ㄠ쯣램럖컶??죧짏쯹쫶?쒣뫽??뻹횵뻛샠쯣램쫇믹폚쳝뛈쿂붵뗄랽램살톰폅뗄?웤놾훊쫇튻훖뻖늿쯑쯷랽램?죝틗쿝죫뻖늿벫횵?쟒뛔돵쪼횵쏴룐ꎻ뛸솣ퟓ좺쯣램믹폚훖좺닙ퟷ뗄?웤돵쪼횵쫇틔쒳훖룅싊뻹퓈뗄럖늼퓚뷢뿕볤뗄죴룉뿉쓜뷢?뻟폐뷏잿뗄좫뻖쯑쯷쓜솦?쫕솲쯙뛈튲뫜뿬?뛾헟뷡뫏틔쏖뫏쒣뫽??뻹횵쯣램뗄늻ퟣ?뗃떽뫃뗄뻛샠뷡맻??뛔룟캬쫽뻝?컒쏇횪뗀믹폚뒫춳뗄Lk?랶쫽뗄뻠샫틑뺭쓑틔췪돉뛈솿죎컱?퓚헢샯컒쏇폃퓚짏뷚쯹뚨틥뗄Hd( )뻠샫몯쫽?살듺쳦춨뎣쯣램훐뗄얷쫏뻠샫?퓲쒿뇪몯쫽ꎨ㐮?ꎩ뿉룄킴캪ꎺ?cn††††††††††††J=∑∑mm2m[Hd(x,A)]†††††††††††?ꎨ㐮ꎩ?ijjii=1j=1솥쫴뛈뻘헳볆쯣믲룼탂릫쪽캪ꎺ?−12cHdxA(m−1)∑((,)jiifHd(x,A)≠02jkk=1HdxA(m−1)((,)jk†††m=1ifHd(x,A)=0;(k=j)jk††ꎨ㐮ㄱꎩ?ij0ifHd(x,A)=0;(k≠j)jk헢퇹ꎬ컒쏇뷡뫏죽헟횮폅뗣뛔룟캬뿕볤훐뗄쫽뻝뷸탐뻛샠볆쯣??㐮㌮㈠쯣램뗄뇠싫?쒣뫽??뻹횵뻛샠쯣램뗄뫋탄쫇뻛샠훐탄뗣뗄좷뚨?퓚듋?컒쏇폃솣ퟓ좺쯣램뛔뻛샠훐탄뷸탐뇠싫ꎻ뛔폚쎿룶솣ퟓx폐죧쿂뇠싫ꎺ?i†x=(a1,a2,L,a,L,a)†††††††††††††ꎨ㐮ㄲꎩ?iiiikic웤훐c쫇뻛샠쫽?aik뇭쪾뗚i훖뻛샠랽쪽뗄뗚k룶훐탄?? 23
쓾쿄듳톧쮶쪿싛컄 뗚쯄헂 믹폚솣ퟓ좺뗄룟캬쒣뫽C-뻹횵뻛샠 뛔솣ퟓ뗄움볛쫊펦뛈몯쫽?헢샯횱뷓폃쒣뫽??뻹횵쯣램뗄쒿뇪몯쫽ꎨ㐮ꎩ살돤떱?쒿뇪몯쫽횵풽킡?횤쏷뻛샠킧맻풽뫃??평듋뿉횪?뛔폚튻룶훖좺맦쒣캪N뗄솣ퟓ좺?퓲틢캶ퟅ폐N훖뻛샠랽쪽?쟒룹뻝쫊펦뛈뗄듳킡뗷헻뷸뮯뗄랽쿲늻뛏뗄뇆뷼ퟮ병뗄뻛샠훐탄??㐮㌮㌠쯣램쇷돌?퓚룃쯣램훐?컒쏇닉폃맟탔좨훘쿟탔뗝복뗄솣ퟓ좺쯣램?웤릫쪽죧쿂ꎺ?w(wmaxwmin)T−t=−×+wmin†††††††††?ꎨ㐮ㄳꎩ?T웤훐?뇭쪾ퟮ듳뗼듺듎쫽?wmax?wmin럖뇰뇭쪾맟탔좨훘뗄ퟮ듳횵뫍ퟮ킡횵??뛔폚솣ퟓ쯹듺뇭뗄뻛샠훐탄훐뗄쎿룶훐탄컒쏇닉좡죧쿂뗄돵쪼뮯랽램ꎺ?†††††††††?a=min(X)+rand×(max(X)−min(X))†††††††ꎨ㐮ㄴꎩ?ij웤훐?X뇭쪾쫽뻝벯?min(X)뇭쪾쎿룶캬뛈뗄ퟮ킡횵?max(X)뇭쪾쎿룶캬뛈훐뗄ퟮ듳횵?rand뇭쪾???횮볤뗄쯦믺쫽??쓇쎴?룃쯣램뗄뗼듺맽돌뿉룅쫶캪ꎺ?Step 1?룸뚨쒣뫽틲ퟓm뗄횵벰뻛샠샠뇰쫽cꎻ좷뚨훖좺맦쒣N?맟탔좨훘wꆢ톧쾰틲ퟓc1?c2?뛔쎿룶솣ퟓ뗄캻훃쿲솿캪x뫍쯙뛈쿲솿v뷸탐돵쪼뮯Ⱐ캪짨훃훕횹ힼ퓲ꎨ뗼듺듎쫽믲풤ii짨뗄퓋쯣뺫뛈ꎩꎻ??Step 2 샻폃쒣뫽??뻹횵움볛쎿룶솣ퟓ뗄쫊펦뛈?늢룹뻝쫊펦뛈좷뚨룶쳥벫횵벰좫뻖벫횵ꎻ?Step 3?샻폃릫쪽ꎨ㈮?ꎩꆢꎨ㈮?ꎩ룼탂쎿룶솣ퟓ뗄쯙뛈뫍캻훃ꎻ?Step 4 룼탂쎿룶솣ퟓ쯹뺭맽뗄ퟮ폅캻훃뫍좫뻖ퟮ폅캻훃ꎻ?Step 5죴싺ퟣ훕횹쳵볾AT−AT+1≤e믲ퟮ듳뗼듺듎쫽ꎬ쯣램뷡쫸ꎻ럱퓲ꎬ却数′?㐮㌮㐠쪵퇩뷡맻?캪쇋퇩횤쯣램뗄폐킧탔?컒쏇닉폃UCI믺웷톧쾰쫽뻝뿢훐뗄솽룶쫽뻝뷸탐쇋쪵퇩??⠱?Sonar쫽뻝?Sonar쫽뻝쫇Gorman뫍Sejnowski폃폚통솷짱뺭췸싧뗄짹쓉탅뫅?룃쫽뻝냼몬㈰?룶탅뫅쒣쪽?쎿룶쒣쪽냼몬㘰룶랴펳쳘뚨욵뛎퓚늻춬뗄쳵볾뫍뷇뛈쿂듓풲훹탎뗄뷰쫴뫍퇒쪯짏뗄랴짤탅뫅쫽뻝?뿉틔냑쯼뾴돉몬폐60캬뗄룟캬쫽뻝?헻룶쫽뻝럖솽샠?럖뇰폃R뫍M살뇭쪾?R뇭쪾퇒쪯랴짤뗄탅뫅폐97룶?M뇭쪾뷰쫴랴짤뗄탅뫅폐111룶?? 24
쓾쿄듳톧쮶쪿싛컄 뗚쯄헂 믹폚솣ퟓ좺뗄룟캬쒣뫽C-뻹횵뻛샠 폃놾뷚쳡돶뗄쯣램뛔Sonar쫽뻝뷸탐뻛샠?좻뫳뫍쒣뫽K-means쯣램ퟶ뇈뷏.쯣램훐뗄쒣뫽틲ퟓm=.컒쏇폃쯦믺돵쪼뮯랽램럖뇰뷸탐40듎뻛샠좡ퟮ뫃뗄뷡맻. 뇭4-2 퓚Sonar쫽뻝짏뗄뻛샠뷡맻 놾뷚쯣램?쒣뫽K-means쯣램??䌱 䌲 䌱?䌲?R?㈹?㘹?㌹?㔸?M?㜰?㐱?㔹?㔲?헽좷뻛샠쫽?ㄳ??ㄱ??듭컳뻛샠쫽?㜰?㤱?헽좷싊?㘶⸶㠥?㔶⸲㔥?(2)Spam쫽뻝 Spam쫽뻝쫇평Mark Hopkins, Erik Reeber, George Forman뗈퓚뒴붨사미폊볾맽싋웷쪱퓚폊볾훐쳡좡뗄57룶쳘헷쫴탔,춨맽듳솿폊볾뗄뛔헢킩쳘헷뷸탐춳볆톧맩쓉솿뮯.뷸뛸탎돉뛔폊볾뗄에뚨.룃쫽뻝냼몬4601럢폊볾뗄쫽뻝쳘헷,벴뿉틔뾴ퟷ쫇4601룶뻟폐57룶쫴탔뗄룟캬쫽뻝벯?헻룶쫽럖캪솽샠?럖뇰폃?뫍?뇪쪾?폃?뇪쪾뗄뇭쪾룃쒣쪽캪사미폊볾?릲폐ㄸㄳ룶쫽뻝?폃?뇪쪾뗄뇭쪾캪웕춨폊볾,릲폐2788룶쫽뻝? 뇭4-3 퓚Spam쫽뻝뗄뻛샠뷡맻 놾뷚쯣램?쒣뫽K-means쯣램??䌱 䌲 䌱?䌲???ㄲ㘷?㔴??㈵??ㄵ㘳???㌰??㈴㠶?㜸?㈷?헽좷뻛샠쫽?㌷㔳?㈹㘰?듭컳뻛샠쫽?㠴??ㄶ㐱?헽좷싊?㠱⸱㘥?㘴⸳㌥? 죧뇭4-2, 4-3 쯹쪾,컒쏇뿉틔뾴돶,놾컄쯹쳡돶뗄쯣램컞싛쫇퓚뻛샠뗄뫏샭탔뫍헽좷싊짏뚼폅폚쒣뫽K-means쯣램. 25
쓾쿄듳톧쮶쪿싛컄 뗚쯄헂 믹폚솣ퟓ좺뗄룟캬쒣뫽C-뻹횵뻛샠 킡뷡 놾헂컒쏇뛔쒣뫽C-뻹횵뻛샠쯣램ퟶ쇋볲떥뗄뷩짜,늢첽쳖쇋룟캬쫽뻝볤뗄뛈솿컊쳢,퓚듋믹뒡짏쳡돶쇋튻훖헫뛔룟캬쫽뻝뗄뻠샫뛈솿몯쫽Hd( ),늢쟒룃몯쫽쓜릻뿋럾Lk-랶쫽퓚뗈뒫춳뻠샫퓚룟캬뿕볤뗄좱뗣,횮뫳쳡돶쇋믹폚솣ퟓ좺뗄룟캬쒣뫽C-뻹횵뻛샠쯣램,늢틔Hd( )몯쫽ퟷ캪뻠샫몯쫽살뷸탐룟캬쫽뻝뻛샠,짏쫶쪵퇩뇭쏷쇋룃쯣램퓚헽좷뻛샠룶쫽,뻛샠뗄뫏샭탔랽쏦뗄탔쓜뷏뒫춳뗄랽램뚼폐뫜듳뗄쳡룟.듓뛸쮵쏷컒쏇뚨틥뗄뻠샫몯쫽뛔룟캬쫽뻝뗄뻛샠쫇폐킧뗄. 26
쓾쿄듳톧쮶쪿싛컄 뗚컥헂 믹폚쮫솣ퟓ좺뗄뚯첬뻛샠쯣램 뗚컥헂†믹폚쮫솣ퟓ좺뗄뚯첬뻛샠쯣램? 틽퇔 뻛샠뻍쫇붫튻룶쎻폐죎뫎뇪쪾뗄쫽뻝벯뮮럖돉벸룶샠믲헟듘?쪹뗃쎿룶샠쓚뗄뛔쿳뺡뿉쓜뻟폐뷏뫃뗄쿠쯆뛈?뛸샠볤뗄뛔쿳뻟폐뷏뫃뗄닮틬뛈?퓚뻛샠쯣램뗄톡퓱짏?믹폚뮮럖뗄랽램뻛샠쫇뇈뷏쫜뮶펭뗄?떫쫇뺭뎣쫜삧폚웤만폐뗄좱뗣ꎺ뮮럖횮잰뇘탫룸웤횸뚨돶뻟쳥뗄샠쫽?헢퓚뫜뛠쪱뫲쫇뫜삧쓑뗄?짵훁쫇뫜쎤쒿뗄ꎻ쟒웤뛔돵쪼쳵볾쏴룐?췹췹떼훂쯣램쫕솲폚뻖늿ퟮ폅횵??쯦ퟅ죋릤훇쓜벼쫵뗄랢햹?탭뛠뗄톧헟붫뷸뮯쯣램틽죫떽뻛샠럖컶떱훐살?죧틅뒫쯣램ꆢ뷸뮯닟싔ꆢ솣ퟓ좺폅뮯쯣램ꆢ닮럖뷸뮯쯣램뗈?헢킩훇쓜쯣램폐ퟅ뷏잿뗄좫뻖톰폅쓜솦?붫횮뫍뮮럖뻛샠쯣램뷡뫏살뿋럾웤뛔돵쪼쳵볾쏴룐뗄좱쿝?뛔뮮럖램뻛샠샠쫽좷뚨컊쳢짏?쯤좻튲폐뫜뛠뗄톧헟ퟶ쇋탭뛠뗄릤ퟷ?2005쓪?Omran뗈죋쳡돶쇋믹폚뛾횵솣ퟓ좺쯣램뗄뚯첬뻛샠쯣램?폃뛾뷸훆뗄솣ퟓ좺퓚뻛샠맽돌훐톰헒ퟮ폅뗄뻛샠쫽ꎻ횮뫳Swagatam뗈쳡돶쇋믹폚닮럖뷸뮯뗄ퟔ뚯뻛샠쯣램ꎻSerkan Kiranyaz뗈쳡돶쇋믹폚뛠캬솣ퟓ좺폅뮯뗄춼쿱쳡좡벼쫵뗈?헢킩쯣램뚼쫇퓚룸뚨튻룶뷏듳뗄뻛샠쫽쒿횮뫳?틀뻝튻뚨뗄킧폃횸뇪?뷸탐뗼듺폅뮯?뷸뛸톰헒ퟮ폅뻛샠쫽쒿??퓚듋?컒쏇쳡돶쇋튻훖믹폚쮫솣ퟓ좺뗄뚯첬뻛샠쯣램?튲뻍쫇퓚뮮럖뻛샠훐?뻛샠쫽쒿벰뻛샠맽돌뾴ퟶ튻룶폅뮯컊쳢?? 쮫솣ퟓ좺뗄뚯첬뻛샠쯣램 㔮㈮ㄠ쯣램쏨쫶?퓚룃쯣램훐?쫇춨맽솽룶솣ퟓ좺뗄럖릤킭ퟷ?럖뇰폃폚폅뮯뻛샠뗄쫽쒿뫍뻛샠뗄뷡맻?쫗쿈뗚튻룶솣ퟓ좺쫇헻쫽솣ퟓ좺?폃폚톰헒ퟮ폅뗄뻛샠쫽쒿?뗚뛾룶솣ퟓ좺폃쇋뿋럾뮮럖쯣램뛔돵쪼쳵볾쏴룐?죝틗쿝죫뻖늿ퟮ폅뗄좱뗣??쫗쿈?컒쏇룸뚨튻룶ퟮ듳뗄샠뇰쫽믲헟쫇쫽뻝벯뗄룶쫽Nꎻ퓚2<c<N⡣쫇샠뇰쫽?헢룶랶캧쓚짏뛔뗚튻룶솣ퟓ좺뷸탐쯦믺돵쪼뮯??웤듎?냑쎿룶솣ퟓ뗄횵?ퟷ캪뻛샠뗄샠뇰쫽폃뗚뛾룶솣ퟓ좺뷸탐쫽뻝벯뻛샠?뷸탐움볛웤쫊펦뛈몯쫽?뗚뛾룶솣ퟓ좺솣ퟓ뗄뇠싫죧ꎨ㐮ㄲꎩ쪽?벴웤쎿룶솣ퟓ듺뇭튻룶퓚횸뚨뻛샠쫽쒿쿂뗄뻛샠훐탄?컒쏇뛔헢룶훐탄폃쒣뫽??뻹횵믲??뻹횵쯣램살뗼듺톡퓱??횮뫳?컒쏇냑퓚룃샠뇰훐뗄ퟮ뫃뻛샠훐탄놣듦?킧폃몯쫽횵략뮹솣ퟓ좺?폃살킧폃움볛?룃샠 27
쓾쿄듳톧쮶쪿싛컄 뗚컥헂 믹폚쮫솣ퟓ좺뗄뚯첬뻛샠쯣램 뇰뗄폅쇓??헢퇹컒쏇춨맽뛔늻춬샠뇰뗄킧폃움볛?살훰늽뇆뷼ퟮ폅샠뇰?늢춨맽ퟮ폅뻛샠훐탄뷸탐뻛샠?탨튪잿뗷뗄쫇?퓚뻛샠뗄맽돌훐?캪쇋퓶볓훖좺뗄뛠퇹탔컒쏇횻놣듦쎿룶돶쿖샠뇰뗄ퟮ폅훐탄?ퟷ캪쿂듎뗼듺뗄좫뻖ퟮ폅횵?헢퇹늻떫쪹뗃쯣램듳듳볲뮯?뛸쟒믡쪹뗃톰폅뗄랶캧뗃틔췘햹?퓚놾컄훐쯣램쫇춨맽쒣뫽??뻹횵뻛샠쯣램살뗼듺훐탄룶쳥늢폃塩??扥湩킧폃몯쫽ퟷ캪쫊펦뛈몯쫽살움볛룶쳥뗄??㔮㈮㈠쯣램쇷돌?†룃쯣램뗄뗼듺쇷돌죧쿂ꎺ?†Step 1?짨뚨솣ퟓ좺맦쒣丬ퟮ듳뗄뻛샠샠뇰쫽䌬?돵쪼뮯뗚튻룶헻쫽솣ퟓ좺??†Step 2 뛔폚쎿룶헻쫽솣ퟓ?폃뗚뛾룶솣ퟓ좺뷸탐쫊뛈움볛??웤늽훨ꎺㄠ뛔룸뚨뗄샠뇰쫽?뛔뻛샠솣ퟓ좺틔ꎨ㐮?ꎩ쪽뗄랽쪽뛔훖좺뷸탐돵쪼뮯??㈠쪹폃쒣뫽??뻹횵뻛샠쯣램뛔쎿룶훐탄뷸탐뗼듺룼탂?늢략뮹훐탄벰킧폃몯쫽횵?″?폃릫쪽ꎨ㈮?ꎩꆢꎨ㈮?ꎩ뛔솣ퟓ쯙뛈뫍캻훃뷸탐룼탂?늢폃쒣뫽??뻹횵믲??뻹횵쯣램뷸탐뗼듺ꆢ움뚨??㐠폃릫쪽ꎨ㈮?ꎩꆢꎨ㈮?ꎩ룼탂룶쳥ퟮ폅횵뫍좫볒ퟮ폅횵?‵†떽듯ퟮ듳뗼듺듎쫽믲싺ퟣ뗼ힼ퓲?퓲춣횹뗼듺ꎻ럱퓲?㌮?Step 3?폃릫쪽ꎨ㈮?ꎩꆢꎨ㈮?ꎩ뛔헻쫽솣ퟓ뗄쯙뛈뫍캻훃뷸탐룼탂?Step 4?폃릫쪽ꎨ㈮?ꎩꆢꎨ㈮?ꎩ룼탂헻쫽솣ퟓ뗄룶쳥ퟮ폅횵뫍좫볒ퟮ폅횵?Step 5?떽듯ퟮ듳뗼듺듎쫽믲싺ퟣ뗼ힼ퓲?퓲춣횹뗼듺ꎻ럱퓲??Step 3??쫽횵쪵퇩벰뷡맻럖컶 캪쇋퇩횤룃쯣램뗄폐킧탔?컒쏇폃튻쿂벸훖쫽뻝벯뷸탐쇋쫔퇩??ꎨ?ꎩ쯦믺닺짺뻹횵럖뇰캪ꎨ2,2ꎩꎨ2,-2ꎩ(-2,2) ꎨ-2,-2ꎩ?룷캬랽닮캪ㄬ럻뫏헽첬럖늼뗄퇹놾뗣?쎿샠?룶퇹놾뗣?릲볇㐰?룶뛾캬쫽뻝뗣??ꎨ?ꎩ쯦믺닺짺뻹횵럖뇰캪ꎨ3,3,3ꎩꎨ3,3,-3ꎩꎨ3,-3,-3ꎩꎨ-3,-3,-3ꎩꎨ-3,-3,3ꎩ ꎨ-3,3,3ꎩ뗄퇹놾뗣,랽닮캪?뗄헽첬럖뇰쫽뻝뗣룷?룶?릲㘰?룶죽캬뿕볤뗄퇹놾뗣??ꎨ3ꎩIris퇹놾쫽뻝,룃쫽뻝벯캪캲횲컯쫽뻝벯(Iris Data Set)?릲150룶퇹놾뗣?럖뇰쫴폚죽훖횲컯ꆪꆪsetosaꆢversicolourꆢvirginica?쎿훖횲컯룷50룶퇹놾뗣?쎿룶퇹놾뗣폐?욬뎤뛈(Sepal 28
쓾쿄듳톧쮶쪿싛컄 뗚컥헂 믹폚쮫솣ퟓ좺뗄뚯첬뻛샠쯣램 length)ꆢ?욬뿭뛈(Sepal width)ꆢ뮨냪뎤뛈(Petal length)뫍뮨냪뿭뛈(Petal width)쯄룶쳘헷횵ꎮ쫽뻝죧뇭5-1쯹쪾ꎮ?ꎨ?ꎩWine쫽뻝벯?룃쫽뻝벯퇹놾쫽캪ㄷ㠬쳵볾쫴탔룶쫽캪ㄳ?뻛샠샠뇰쫽캪㌬샠뇰ㄬ㈬?럖뇰냼몬뗄퇹놾쫽캪㔹ⰷㄬ㐸?죧뇭???쯹쪾?뇭??ㄠIris쫽뻝벯?쫴탔?탲뫅†††††††?††††††††?††††††††??††††††††??????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????ꆭ?ꆭ?ꆭ?ꆭ?ꆭ?ㄴ??????????????????ㄵ??????????????????뇭??㈠Wine쫽뻝벯?쫴탔?탲뫅†††††††‱†††††††††ꆭ††††††‱㈠†††††††‱????ㄴ⸲??ꆭ?㌮㈹?㘵???ㄳ⸲?ꆭ?㌮??㔰???ㄳ⸱??ꆭ?㌮ㄷ?ㄱ㠵???ㄴ⸳??ꆭ?㌮㐵?ㄴ㠰?ꆭ?ꆭ?ꆭ?ꆭ?ꆭ??㜷?ㄳ⸱??ꆭ??⸶??㠴???㜸?ㄴ⸱??ꆭ?ㄮ??㔶??퓚쪵퇩맽돌훐?컒쏇쪹폃쇋⠳⸱㐩쪽?벴Xie-Beni횸뇪뫢솿뻛샠킧맻벰ퟮ폅샠뇰움뚨뗄?늿럖쪵퇩뷡맻폫컄쿗嬶??㘵?훐쯣램뗄뷡맻ퟷ쇋뇈뷏??뛔Iris쫽뻝벯뫍Wine쫽뻝벯뗄쫽뻝놾컄쯣램퓋쯣㐰듎??? 29
쓾쿄듳톧쮶쪿싛컄 뗚컥헂 믹폚쮫솣ퟓ좺뗄뚯첬뻛샠쯣램 †††††††††††††뇭??㌠뻛샠샠뇰쫽뻹횵벰랽닮?욽뻹횵벰랽닮?쫽뻝벯?놾컄쯣램?ACDE DCPSO Iris ± ± ± Wine ± ± ± 놾컄쯣램뛔쯦믺짺돉쫽뻝벯⠱⤬⠲?뻛샠퓋쯣㐰듎??†††††††††††?뇭??㐠뻛샠샠뇰뻹횵벰랽닮?쫽뻝벯?쫽뻝벯⠱??쫽뻝벯⠲??샠뇰쫽뻹횵벰랽닮?± ± ퟮ폅샠뇰쫽?4 6 †?춼㔮ㄠ?쫽뻝⠱?풭춼폫뻛샠킧맻춼?†?춼㔮㈠?쫽뻝⠲?풭춼폫뻛샠킧맻춼? 30
쓾쿄듳톧쮶쪿싛컄 뗚컥헂 믹폚쮫솣ퟓ좺뗄뚯첬뻛샠쯣램 †?†††††††††††?춼㔮㌠†Iris쫽뻝풭춼폫뻛샠킧맻춼?평뇭??㌬???뿉틔뾴돶?놾컄쳡돶뗄쯣램쫇폐킧뗄?? 믹폚쮫솣ퟓ좺뗄룟캬뻛샠 퓚짏뷚훐?컒쏇폃믹폚쮫솣ퟓ좺뻛샠쯣램좥톰헒쫽뻝벯뗄ퟮ병뻛샠쫽좡뗃쇋튻뚨뗄킧맻?떫쫇뛔룟캬쫽뻝뛸퇔?쫽뻝볤믹폚Lk?랶쫽뻠샫뗄뛈솿뛔뇈탔쪧킧?ퟮ뷼?ퟮ풶뻠샫뗄늻좷뚨탔벰쫽뻝퓫짹뗄펰쿬?췹췹쪹뗃럖샠킧맻뚼뫜늻샭쿫?헒돶ퟮ병샠뇰쫽뻍룼뻟폐쇋쳴햽탔??캪쇋뿋럾짏쫶쿖쿳ꎬ컄훐붫퓚쮫솣ퟓ좺뻛샠쯣램훐틽죫쇋()쯹뚨틥뗄뻠샫몯쫽?ퟷ캪룟캬쫽뻝벯횮볤뗄뻠샫뛈솿ꎬ웤쯣램벰늽훨죧짏뷚쯹쫶??퓚헢샯?컒쏇쪹폃쇋뗚쯄헂훐룸돶뗄쫽뻝벯ꎨSonar?쫽뻝벯뫍Spam?쫽뻝벯ꎩퟷ캪쫔퇩쫽뻝?쫔퇩뷡맻죧쿂뇭ꎺ?뇭??㔠솽훖뻠샫쿂뗄톰폅뛔뇈?얷쫏뻠샫?뚨틥뻛샠?쫽뻝벯?Spam Snoar Spam Snoar 퓋탐듎쫽?????ퟮ폅뷢듎쫽?????????평뇭???뿉틔뾴돶?퓚얷쫏뻠샫뗄쟩뿶쿂?쯹톰헒떽뗄ퟮ폅샠뇰쫽풶풶늻죧쪹폃놾컄뚨틥뗄뻠샫몯쫽?뛔印慭쫽뻝벯뗄톰폅뇭쿖폈캪춻돶?뛸뛔卮潡?쫽뻝쯤좻튲폐쳡룟?떫쫇뇭쿖잷병?헢쮵쏷뛔폚늻춬뗄쫽뻝쳘뗣?쯣램뗄킧쓜튲폐쯹늻춬ꎻ헢폫뛈솿랽쪽폐ퟅ횱뷓뗄맘쾵?헢튲탭캪컒쏇틔뫳첽쯷룟캬쫽뻝뗄뛈솿벰쫽뻝쳘뗣뗄맘쾵듸살킩탭뗄웴쪾?? 31
쓾쿄듳톧쮶쪿싛컄 뗚컥헂 믹폚쮫솣ퟓ좺뗄뚯첬뻛샠쯣램 놾헂킡뷡 놾헂뷩짜쇋튻훖ퟔ뚯톡퓱뻛샠샠뇰쫽뗄솣ퟓ좺뚯첬뻛샠쯣램?룃쯣램쫇붫뻛샠컊쳢훐뗄킧폃몯쫽살ퟷ캪솣ퟓ좺뗄쫊펦뛈몯쫽?뷸뛸에뇰ퟮ병샠뇰?틲듋?쯣램늻뷶쫇냑뻛샠컊쳢놾짭뾴ퟷ쫇튻룶폅뮯컊쳢?뛸쫇룼뷸튻늽뗘붫헻룶뗄붫웤ퟮ병샠뇰뫍ퟮ폅뗄뻛샠ퟷ캪튻룶헻쳥폅뮯살뛔듽?평폚룃쯣램쫇붫킧폃몯쫽ퟷ캪솣ퟓ좺뗼듺맽돌훐뗄솣ퟓ뷸뮯쫊펦뛈몯쫽?맊톡퓱뫏쫊뗄킧폃몯쫽뛔뻛샠톰폅폐ퟅ훘튪뗄ퟷ폃??ퟮ뫳?붫뗚쯄헂쯹뚨틥뗄뻠샫몯쫽펦폃뗄놾뷚쳡돶뗄쯣램훐?뛔룟캬쫽뻝벯뷸탐쇋ퟔ뚯뻛샠뗄뎢쫔?? 32
쓾쿄듳톧쮶쪿싛컄 뗚쇹헂 ퟜ뷡폫햹췻 뗚쇹헂†?ퟜ뷡폫햹췻? 퇐뺿릤ퟷퟜ뷡 뻛샠럖컶쫇튻훖쫽뻝뮮럖믲럖ퟩ뗄훘튪쫖뛎뫍랽램?쫴폚쒣쪽쪶뇰훐뗄컞볠뚽쒣쪽쪶뇰뗄랶돫?퓚뒫춳뗄뻛샠랽램훐뻛샠뗄샠뇰톡좡뚼쫇룹뻝뺭퇩믲헟쫇늻뛏뗄쫔퇩뎢쫔뗄랽램살좷뚨뗄?헢훖랽램평폚쫜쯣램놾짭뗄좱쿝믲헟죋캪뗄틲쯘?췹췹듸살뫜듳뗄늻좷뚨탔??쯦ퟅ뿆톧벼쫵뗄랢햹?췸싧벼쫵뗄돶쿖?몣솿룟캬쫽뻝뗄돶쿖룸뻛샠럖컶뗄퇐뺿듸살쇋탂뗄쳴햽?튲쫇떱잰뻛샠럖컶퇐뺿뗄훘뗣?뗤탍뗄룟캬쫽뻝뻛샠펦폃폐Web췚뻲ꆢ컄놾뻛샠ꆢ쯑쯷틽쟦뫍뿍뮧럖컶뗈?쏦뛔캬쫽듓벸쪮떽벸냙짵훁짏잧뗄룟캬쫽뻝?믹폚뒫춳뻠샫뗄뻛샠랽램뇭쿖뗄뫜쫇닮잿죋틢?폐뗄짵훁쫇컞램췪돉죎컱??헫뛔짏쫶솽룶컊쳢?놾컄뷡뫏좺훇쓜쇬폲뗄솣ퟓ좺쯣램햹뾪퇐뺿?훷튪쓚죝죧쿂ꎺ?⠱⤠헻뫏쇋솣ퟓ좺폅뮯쯣램짆폚좫뻖톰폅뗄쳘뗣뫍뻛샠쯣램훐뗄뇆뷼쮼쿫쳡돶쇋믹폚솣ퟓ좺뗄뚯첬뻛샠쯣램?훷튪쮼쿫쫇ꎺ쫗쿈?붫헻룶뗄뻛샠맽돌뾴ퟷ튻룶뢴퓓뗄폅뮯컊쳢?좻뫳춨맽킧폃몯쫽뗄에뚨훰닣뷸뮯ꆢ훰늽톰헒ퟮ폅뗄뻛샠벰뻛샠샠뇰쫽쒿?벴퓚늻뛏뗄뷸뮯뫍뇆뷼맽돌훐뗃떽ퟮ폅뷢?퓚룃쯣램훐?컒쏇쪹폃킧폃몯쫽살움볛톰폅뷡맻뗄폅쇓?맊킧폃몯쫽톡퓱폈캪훘튪??(2) 뛔폚믹폚뒫춳뻠샫뗄뻛샠쯣램퓚룟캬쫽뻝뻛샠훐쯹쏦쇙뗄삧쓑벰뒫춳뻠샫뛈솿룟캬쫽뻝뛔뇈탔쿂붵뗄컊쳢,컄훐뚨틥쇋튻훖쏦쿲룟캬쫽뻝뗄뻠샫뛈솿살룄짆뻛샠쯣램퓚뒦샭룟캬쫽뻝쪱뗄탔쓜.캪뿋럾뮮럖랽램죝틗쿝죫뻖늿ퟮ폅뗄좱쿝,붫횮폫훇쓜쯣램훐솣ퟓ좺쯣램쿠뷡뫏,틔훖좺톰폅뗄랽쪽,톰헒좫뻖ퟮ폅뷢. (3) 퓚룟캬쫽뻝뗄뻛샠벰샠뇰톰폅짏,컄훐붫뚨틥뗄뻛샠펦폃폚믹폚쮫솣ퟓ좺뗄뚯첬뻛샠쯣램훐,늢룄킴쇋폃폚에뚨뗄킧폃몯쫽.퓚튻뚨돌뛈짏,뛔폚룟캬쫽뻝뗄뻛샠톰폅ퟶ쇋폐틦뗄뎢쫔.? 맘폚캴살뗄퇐뺿벰햹췻 ?뺭맽듳솿닩퓄컄쿗쇏?뷡뫏ퟔ벺뗄쒿잰뗄퇐뺿?랢쿖틔쿂벸룶랽쏦탨튪뷸튻늽뗄퇐뺿ꎺ?⠱⤠뻛샠뷡맻뗄움볛?뻛샠뷡맻뗄뫃뮵?튪솪쾵쪵볊뗄컊쳢벰쿖쪵떱훐뗄펦폃?쓇쎴죧뫎폃쫽톧뗄랽램살뿌뮭뫃뮵폫쪵볊컊쳢벰펦폃쿠럻뫏?헢쫇뻛샠럖컶퇐뺿뗄틢틥쯹퓚?뷸튻늽붫뻛샠뷡맻쫽톧뇭듯죧뫎뫍컊쳢쫂쪵쿠튻훂?헢뻍튪쟳뛔쫽뻝샠탍뫍킧폃뇭듯뗄쫽톧쏨쫶짏뚼폐짮뿌뗄죏쪶?? 33
쓾쿄듳톧쮶쪿싛컄 뗚쇹헂 ퟜ뷡폫햹췻 ⠲⤠뻠샫뛈솿?뻛샠럖컶쫇닉폃쫽톧뗄랽램살뛔쫽뻝벯뷸탐캪볠뚽쪶뇰뗄?쓇쎴헢뻍탨튪떽잡떱뗄뛈솿살뇭쪾쫽뻝볤뗄맘쾵폫쪵볊맘쾵쿠튻훂?쏦뛔룟캬쫽뻝뻛샠컊쳢틑뺭놩슶쇋뒫춳뗄뻠샫뛈솿퓚룟캬쫽뻝벯훐뗄컞킧탔?듓뛸짮죫퇐뺿룟캬쫽뻝뫍럇쟸볤쫽횵쫽뻝볤뗄뛈솿쫽톧뿌뮭랽램?뛔폚뻛샠럖컶뗄랢햹폐ퟅ훘튪뗄틢틥??⠳⤠뚯첬뻛샠랽램뗄퇐뺿?쒿잰?듳뛠쫽뻛샠쯣램쯹뒦샭뗄쫽뻝듳뚼쫇뺲첬뗄?췸싧쫽뻝럖컶뗄탨쟳?듙쪹헢뇘탫짨볆돶룟킧뗄뚯첬뻛샠랽램?틔뇣뒦샭쫽뻝뗄뚯첬퓶볓믲복짙맽돌훐샠뇰뇤뮯뗄벰뻛샠뷡맻헽좷뇭듯?? 34
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쓾쿄듳톧쮶쪿싛컄 훂킻 훂킻?놾싛컄쫇퓚컒뗄떼쪦룟퓀쇖뷌쫚뗄쟗쟐맘뮳뫍쾤탄횸떼쿂췪돉뗄?쯻퇏쯠뗄뿆톧첬뛈?퇏뷷뗄훎톧뺫짱?뺫틦쟳뺫뗄릤ퟷퟷ럧?짮짮뗘룐좾뫍벤샸ퟅ컒?듓뿎쳢뗄톡퓱떽싛컄뗄ퟮ훕췪돉?룟샏쪦뚼쪼훕룸폨컒쾸탄뗄횸떼뫍늻킸뗄횧돖?퓚죽쓪뗄톧쾰뫍퇐뺿훐컞늻쟣힢ퟅ떼쪦탁쟚뗄몹쮮뫍탄톪ꎮ룟샏쪦퇏뷷뗄훎톧첬뛈ꆢ쏴죱뗄뚴달솦뫍쓜뛔톧쫵잰퇘ힼ좷냑컕뗈랽쏦뚼룸컒쇴쿂쇋짮뿌뗄펡쿳ꎮ듓룟샏쪦짭짏?컒늻뷶톧떽쇋튵샭싛횪쪶?룼톧떽쇋ퟶ죋뗄뗀샭ꎮ퓚듋?뷷쿲룟샏쪦뇭쪾훔탄뗄룐킻뫍돧룟뗄뺴틢ꎡ룐킻퓚퇐뺿짺톧쾰웚볤룸컒짏뿎뗄샏쪦쏇?쓣쏇쪹컒췘뿭쇋쫓튰?퓶잿쇋컒뛔룷톧뿆샭싛횪쪶뗄쇋뷢뫍죏쪶?쪹컒쫜틦럋잳⸠룐킻컒뗄쪦탖뗜ꆢ쪦뷣쏃쏇?룐킻컒뗄룷캻춬쏅?폐탒폫쓣쏇춬톧쫇컒뛁퇐뗄ퟮ듳쫕믱?헽쫇평폚쓣쏇뗄냯훺뫍횧돖?컒닅쓜뿋럾튻룶튻룶뗄삧쓑뫍틉믳?횱훁놾컄뗄쮳샻췪돉⸠룐킻컒뗄쫒폑쏇?듓튣풶뗄볒살떽헢룶쒰짺뗄돇쫐샯?쫇쓣쏇뫍컒릲춬캬쾵ퟅ뇋듋횮볤탖뗜냣뗄룐쟩?캬쾵ퟅ쟞쫒쓇럝볒뗄죚잢⸠퓚싛컄벴붫췪돉횮볊?컒뗄탄쟩컞램욽뺲?듓뾪쪼뷸죫뿎쳢떽싛컄뗄쮳샻췪돉?폐뛠짙뿉뺴뗄쪦뎤ꆢ춬톧ꆢ엳폑룸쇋컒컞퇔뗄냯훺?퓚헢샯쟫뷓쫜컒돏횿뗄킻틢ꎡퟮ뫳컒뮹튪룐킻엠퇸컒뎤듳몬탁죣뿠뗄뢸쒸?룐킻쓣쏇뛔컒뗄횧돖뫍샭뷢ꎡ킻킻쓣쏇ꎡ? 38
쓾쿄듳톧쮶쪿싛컄 뢽슼 뢽슼??ꆢ?룶죋볲뷩?맹짙삤,쓐,몺ퟥ,1980쓪10퓂돶짺,뫓놱몪떦죋,2005쓪9퓂훁2007쓪7퓂뻍뛁폚새랻쪦 랶톧풺쫽톧폫펦폃쫽톧튵,2008쓪9퓂훁뷱퓚쓾쿄듳톧쫽톧볆쯣믺톧풺릥뛁샭톧쮶쪿톧캻. 2ꆢ퓚킣웚볤닎볓뗄뿆퇐쿮쒿 [1] 쓾쿄ퟔ좻뿆톧믹뷰쿮쒿ꆰ믹폚솣ퟓ좺폅뮯뗄믬뫏훇쓜쯣램퇐뺿(NZ0848)ꆱ. [2] 맺볒ퟔ좻뿆톧믹뷰쿮쒿ꆰ죚뫏솣ퟓ좺폅뮯뫍닮럖뷸뮯뗄믬뫏훇쓜쯣램퇐뺿(60962006)ꆱ.?? 39
