60 ದো۽ི࿐ 2006୍12ᄅֻ12जֻ4௹໓ᅣщݼ:1006-8309(2006)04-0060-04ॴ໓߄഻৯აૹۋྟ࣮ࣉᅚ邓文君,马剑虹,HoraWidjajaTjitra(浙江大学心理与行为科学系,杭州 310028)ᅋေ:໓ᅣၛނྏ֥ॴ໓߄഻৯———ॴ໓߄ૹۋྟູᇶี,߭ܤაٳ༅ਔॴ໓߄ૹۋྟ֥หᆘଆބݖӱଆ֥ཌྷܱ࣮,ฐษਔॴ໓߄ૹۋྟЧ߄࣮֥൝,ѩิԛᄝᇏݓМࣟ༯ࣉྛൌᆣ࣮֥ᅚຬ。ܱՍ:ݓ࠽߄;ॴ໓߄഻৯;ॴ໓߄ૹۋྟ;໓߄൪࢘ᇏٳোݼ:B849;C93 ໓ངѓ്:A1 ॴ໓߄഻৯აૹۋྟ֥ิԛ֒ࣂൗࢸ,ෛሢ۲ݓᆭࡗ֥৳༢აࢌੀ҂؎ࡆ఼,҂໓߄ஷሏࢌವ֥གྷའರၭ௴ђ。ݓ࠽߄ࣉӱؓದ֥ି৯ิԛਔྍ֥ေ。୍֥࣍ࠫᆣऌіૼ,ఒြᇏႵ20%～50%֥ຓஊದჴၹ҂ିޓݺֹൡႋֹ֒໓߄ߌطิభ߭ݓ。ؓ҂໓߄֥ൡႋି৯ၘࣜᄝഅြ、੪Ⴓြ、ݚຓ࿐、ടຓ۽ቔ֩۲۱ਵთ,Ӯູ҂ॖх૧֥໙ี。ݓ࠽߄ބಆ౯߄֥ࣉӱႄఏਔ࣮ᆀૌؓ໓߄ஷሏ֥ܼܱٗᇿ,ਔ࣍40୍টؓॴ໓߄ܱ1 ॴ໓߄ૹۋྟაॴ໓߄഻৯༢ਵთ֥࣮[1]。ᆃུ࣮֥ଢ֥ᇶေ൞്љࠣॴ໓߄๙഻৯֥ܱ༢Ⴕིषᅚॴ໓߄ࠃ֥थקၹ,ࢣൕॖၛቔູ2 ICS༆ٚ౼ཟ֥ᇶေં࣮ॴ໓߄ིࠛყҩᆷѓ֥ି৯ေ,ࠧॴ໓߄഻ ICS֥หᆘંଆ৯。࣮෮֤ԛ֥ॴ໓߄഻৯,҂ࣇЇওህြB[2]hawukބBrislinϜॴ໓߄ૹۋྟ૭ඍູඌაᆩ്,ߎЇওഠ߶໓߄эਈ[2,3]。ఃᇏ,ॴ“၂ᇕؓ໓߄ҵၳ֥ᇗေྟၛࠣؓః໓߄ᇏದ໓߄ૹۋྟ(InterculturalSensitivity,ICS)൞ނྏૌ֥ܴ֥ׄૹۋྟ”。ૌิԛICSऎႵਆ۱ห֥ॴ໓߄഻৯(1),ᆷяљބุဒ໓߄ҵᆘ:ष٢නམ(ࠧুၩࢤ൳ఃದ֥ܴ)ބਲࠃၳ֥ି৯[4]。ᆃ၂഻৯Фಪູ൞؟໓߄۽ቔэ๙(ᆷ۴ऌ໓߄౦֥ေൡ֒טᆜྛູ֥ሙؒ౼֤Ӯۿ֥ቋݺᆷѓᆭ၂[5],ѩ္൞ޙਈСሑ)。ᆃ၂קၬෙಖીႵࢳૹۋྟЧദ,ࣜૌିڎປӮݚຓༀ(ࠧᄝਸ਼၂ᇕ໓߄ᇏ౼ᇗေ֥൞Ҁԉਔ്љICS֥၂۱ᇗေ֥֤ٚӮࣼ)ቋᇗေ֥၂۱ѓሙ。ॴ໓߄ૹۋྟ֥ಌ૫———ྛູэ߄。ၹՎ,ૹۋྟ҂ࣇࣇႮ౦ۋᆷك֝ᇁ۽ቔིି༯ࢆބ۽ቔડၩ؇֥௴ђࢆ֮,ѓটޙਈ,္Ⴎਲࠃڿэྛູၛൡႋଖᇕ໓߄֥ൈߎႄؿ໓߄ൡႋഈ֥໙ี[2]。ӱ؇টҩਈ,BhawukބBrislinᄝ۱ದᇶၬაࠢЧ໓ၛICSູᇶี,߭ܤਔ༆ٚ൪࢘ᇏܱႿุᇶၬۀ֥ࠎԤഈྙӮਔҩਈॴ໓߄ૹۋྟ֥ॴ໓߄഻৯֥หᆘଆބݖӱଆ,ฐษЧ۽ऎ[2]。߄࣮֥൝,ၛ௹ሆႄზ,ఓؿ۷؟֥࣮ᆀC]uiބVanDenB[5ergႨॴ໓߄ིି(Inter-ট܋षຉᇏݓᄝᆃ၂ਵთ֥࣮۽ቔ。culturalEffectiveness)ᆃ၂ඌეটіඍॴ໓߄ૹۋྟ,ಪູॴ໓߄ིି൞Ⴕིࣉྛ҂໓߄ࡗ֥ቔᆀࡥࢺ: ֬໓ब(1980- ),୯,ܼתഀແದ,ႋႨྏ࿐ණൖ࣮ള,࣮ٚཟູॴ໓߄ྏ࿐,(߅)13611988095(ሰྐད)edeng@。
ದো۽ི࿐ 2006୍12ᄅֻ12जֻ4௹ 61 ๙ބൡႋ֥ყҩᆷѓ。ૌ๙ݖဒॴ໓߄ིି๙഻৯、໓߄ۋ(CulturalEmpathy)ބ๙ྛၹ֥Ⴕིྟ,ิԛਔॴ໓߄ིି֥ࢲܒЇওູ(і1)[5]。і1 ॴ໓߄ིିࢲܒॴ໓߄ིି๙഻৯໓߄ۋ๙ྛູეಸಧൡၒ֥ഠ߶ྛູᇶႄఏࢌซ֥ି৯ؓ໓߄֥ಪࢳቍᇗ֥іགྷࡹ৫ܱ༢֥ି৯ؓ۽ቔڄ֥۬ಪࢳົӻܱ༢֥ି৯ؓ໓߄ҵၳ֥ၩ് ᄝॴ໓߄๙֥࣮ਵთᇏ,ICSᄵФಪູӆሇߐି৯)、ྛॖौྟ、ྛਲࠃྟ、ྛԷ൞ൌགྷႵིॴ໓߄๙֥ቋᇗေ֥ቆӮ҆ᄯྟ、ྛ֥ሇ߄(ିܔࡼ഻֥ྛູႋႨႿ҂ٳ[6,7]。[8]Rubenૼಒᆷԛॴ໓߄ૹۋྟ൞ॴ໓֥ॴ໓߄ᝇ౦ᇏ)。ᆃ၂ݖӱགྷ࿐༝֥߄ି৯֥ၹ,උႿྐ༏ሇߐି৯,ࠧؓྐ༏ቋཬЧᇉ———э߄ބؿᅚ。ӱ؇֥שാࠇ౷。ᆃ,ؓ٤ეྛູ(non-3 ༆ٚICSં࣮֥अཋྟverbalbehaviour)֥ૹۋྟ൞ؓॴ໓߄ൡႋބ۽Ֆၛഈ෮ඍ֥ICS֥ં࣮টु,ؓॴ໓ቔི֥ࠛ၂۱ູࠞᇗေ֥ყҩᆷѓ,ၹՎRuben߄഻৯აૹۋྟ֥࣮ᄝၛ༯ࠫ۱ٚ૫Ⴕր۷ૼಒֹϜቔູICS֥၂۱ᇗေหᆘ[8]。ധೆֹฐษ: ICS֥ݖӱંଆ קၬაࢲܒ。࣮ᆀૌՖ҂֥࣮൪࢘ၛBennettູսі֥၂ུྏ࿐ࡅิԛਔؓॴ໓߄ૹۋྟࣉྛקၬ,ѩࢣൕਔ҂֥ࢲܒICS֥ؿᅚଆ(DevelopmentalModelofIntercul-หᆘࠣંଆ。൞࣮֥ۀࢌҭᇗן,ҧturalSensitivity,DMIS)[9,10],ૌಪູॴ໓߄ૹۋᇗׄࠣԎའඣ҂၂ᇁ:Ⴕ఼֥࣮ט౦ۋഈ֥ྟ൞۱ุؓ໓߄ҵၳ֥၂ᇕቆᆮࠇࡹܒౠཟ,൞ࢤ൳Їಸ[5],Ⴕ఼֥טྛି৯[11],طႵ֥ሢᇗՖቂᇏྏᇶၬ֞ቂཌྷؓᇶၬؿᅚ֥৵࿃ุ。ऎุ֥๙ె[8]。۴ऌؓၛສ࣮֥ሸކაDMISંଆႨੂ۱ӮӉࢨ؍টקၬॴ໓ิ,ICSᆷ֥൞ᄝ໓߄ࢌ߸౦ࣟ༯Ⴈਲࠃ֥ٚ߄ૹۋྟ。భ۱ࢨ؍ٳљ൞ؓ໓߄ҵၳ֥ڎൔႋؓ໓߄ҵၳ֥ି৯,ݤۂਔ:ಪᆩି,ࠧಪ、ַპބъ֮,ᆃུܒӮቂᇏྏᇶၬ֥؇,ၩ്֞、яಪԛ໓߄ҵၳѩିՖਸ਼၂ᇕ໓߄֥࢘۱ุϜሱၘ֥໓߄ቔູགྷൌ֥ᇏྏ;ު۱ࢨ؍؇ቓԛކ݂ၹ;౦ۋၹ,ᆷؓ໓߄ҵၳ֥ष٢൞ؓ໓߄ҵၳ֥ࢤ൳、ൡႋაವކ,ܒӮቂཌྷؓྟ֥ࢤ൳、ቍᇗࠣؓטൡሱྛູଆൔ֥ၩ჻;ྛᇶၬ֥؇,ࠧ۱ุϜሱ֥࠭໓߄ुቔགྷൌൗࢸၹ,ᆷൡၒ໓߄౦֥ࣟഠ߶ྛູ,Їݣਔ۱֥၂҆ٳ,٢ᄝ҂֥໓߄౦ᇏุဒ。ॴ໓߄ದᄝ໓߄ࢌ߸౦ࣟ༯֥࿐༝აӮӉ。ICS൞၂۱ૹۋྟؿᅚ֥ܱหᆘ൞ࠆ֤Ⴈ۷گᄖ֥ٚൔಀ؟ົ؇֥ؿᅚ֥ۀ。ࢳ、ุဒ໓߄ҵၳ֥ି৯[4,9,10]。 ໓߄ఔކྟ。ᆃུקၬࠣંଆᆱ۴ႿDMISٳਔॴ໓߄ૹۋྟ֥6۱ࢨ؍,൞ૅ໓߄,൳࣮ᆀሱദ໓߄൪֥࢘႕ཙ,ؓࢳીႵᆷԛᆃ6۱ࢨ؍ᆭࡗᄸહؿᅚ。֣ݓྏ࿐ః໓߄ಕุ֥ॴ໓߄ྏაྛູটඪ,໓߄ఔࡅThomasิԛਔ۷֥ݖӱଆ:ॴ໓߄഻ކྟӱ؇ࢠ֮。ෛሢི؇ಌཊ֥В,ॴ໓߄ਵ৯ྛ-࿐༝֥ଆ[11]。ಪູॴ໓߄ૹۋྟთ֥ྏ࿐ࡅರၭၩ്ᄝ٤༆ٚ໓߄֥Мࣟ༯ฐ൞၂ᇕؓሱ࠭ބದ໓߄֥ਵ߶、ࢤ൳、ആ്ބႵ෬ICSหᆘ֥ᇗေྟ。[12,13]PanggabeanՖႆୄི০Ⴈ֥ି৯。ॴ໓߄ૹۋྟ൞۲ሱ࿐༝ބؿᅚห֥ൎ໓߄่ࡱԛؿ,ิԛਔႆୄದॴ໓߄ૹ֥ࢲݔ,ఃᇏದ۬หᆘބ౦่ࡱթᄝࢌቔႨ。ۋྟ֥Ч߄ଆ。࣮๙ݖؓ؟໓߄ؒ໙ีھଆิԛ,ᄝॴ໓߄ࢌ߸֥౦ࣟᇏေղ֞۷ۚࢳथ֥ଆൌဒࠣෛު֥٠ซؿགྷ,֣ݓܱႿॴඣ֥ॴ໓߄഻৯,ླေऎСྛమ৯(ࠧ৫໓߄഻৯֥ܴሢᇗಪᆩഈؓ໓߄ҵၳ֥
62 ದো۽ི࿐ 2006୍12ᄅֻ12जֻ4௹ࢳ,఼ט໙ีࢳथބิۚކቔིੱ;طႆୄ֥ܴ֩၂ᆜส༢֥Ҡቔӱ,টࡹ৫ѩປܱႿଖ఼טၛഠ߶֥ބཾູࠎԤ,ದૌᄝაၳ࠭໓߄ࢌᇕགྷའ֥ൌᇉં(SubstantiveTheory),Ӯູॴສᇏቋᇗေ֥൞ᅳ֞ѩࢤ൳дՎᆭࡗ֥ࢸཋ,৯໓߄ਵთ֥קྟ࣮ሜᄀ֥࣮ٓൔ。҂ഄݝఃದ,ᇗׄѩ҂ᄝႿؓದࠇః໓߄֥ࢳ。Panggabean֥࣮ࢣൕਔת༆ٚ໓߄ҕॉ໓ང:౦༯ॴ໓߄ૹۋྟ҂֥หᆘ,Ⴈൌᆣ࣮ؓ[1] ThomasA,-༆ٚંଆ֥໓߄ఔކྟิԛਔᇉၐ。turellenTeams[J].WirtschaftspsychologieAktuell-4 ᇏݓICS࣮֥ၩၬაᅚຬThemenschwerpunktManagement,2003,10(2): षᅚᇏݓICS࣮֥ၩၬෛሢᇏݓࡆೆWTO,ᇏຓસၞބࣜ࠶ສটರ[2] BhawukDPS,-ၭૡ్culturalSensitivityUsingtheConceptsofIndividualism,ൡႋބ০Ⴈ໓߄ҵၳ֥ି৯ᄀটᄀ൳֞andCollectivism[J].InternationalJournalofInter-ᇗ൪。ܵ࿐ࡅGraen۴ऌؓ150ᇏݓMBAculturalRelations,1992,16(4):413-436.ބ33ࡅຓఒ֥ᇏҪ֥࣮ࣜᆷԛ,նჿ48%[3] DingesNG,:ࢤ൳טҰ֥Ч॓࿐֥ᇏݓࣜᄝݖಀ6୍ᇏՊAResearchPerspective[M]//LandisD,BhagatRᆯ,ᇶေჰၹ൞ᇏݓࣜૌАჼຓݓϰ҂֤ᇏݓದ֥නົٚൔ[14]。ฐษᇏݓದॴ໓߄ૹۋOaks:Sage,1996:106-123.ྟଆ[4] HammerMR,BennettMJ,,҂ં൞ؓႵིࣉྛॴ໓߄、ܵ؟໓߄ؒ,ߎ൞ࡹ৫ॴ໓߄ླྀᄹི(InInterculturalSensitivity:TheInterculturalDevelopmentterculturalInventory[J].InternationalJournalofInterculturalSynergy)[15],ఏሢईቀᇗ֥ቔႨ。Relations,2003,27(4): षᅚᇏݓICSЧ߄࣮֥ᅚຬ ࣮֥൪࢘ Ֆ٤༆֥ٚ໓߄൪࢘ಀࢣ[5] CuiG,-lidityofInterculturalEffectiveness[J].Internationalൕॴ໓߄ૹۋྟ֥ࢲܒࠣݖӱ,ᇏݓห൹֥໓߄JournalofInterculturalRelations,1991,15(2):227Мࣟิ܂ਔ҂ॖูս֥࣮౦:①໓߄ᇉྟ-241.ۚ。Ֆഠ߶ൎ่ࡱु,ᇏݓ൞၂۱ᄝ໓߄ഈཌྷ[6] MartinJN,ؓ၂֥նݓ,ؓຓष٢֥ൎ҂Ӊ,ᇏݓದؓ໓InterculturalCommunicationCompetence:Everyday߄؟ဢྟุ֥ဒ҂ೂૅࠇఃֹದૌ֥ࣜCommunicators’Perceptions[J].InternationalJournalپڶ。ၹՎᇏݓದ്љބุဒ໓߄ҵၳ֥ି৯൞ofInterculturalRelations,1989,13(3):303-332.ڎ൳໓߄ᇉྟ֥႕ཙߎႵրฐษ;②ᇏݓ֥Ԯ[7] WisemanRL,HammerMR,໓߄ᇏթᄝ႕ཙದ࠽֥ᇗေ֥ࡎᆴܴofInterculturalCommunicationCompetence[J].In-ternationalJournalofInterculturalRelations,1989,13[16],ᆃུܴ൞ڎ႕ཙॴ໓߄֥ࢌ࠽,ᇏݓದᄝಪᆩ、౦ۋބྛູഈіགྷԛห֥ॴ໓(3):349-370.[8] -culturalCompe-߄ૹۋྟ,ߎླေൌᆣ࣮ট߭ճ。ၹطࢣൕᇏtence:TraditionsandContemporaryIssues[J].Inter-ݓದॴ໓߄ૹۋྟ֥ࢲܒหᆘ、ؿᅚݖӱބ႕ཙnationalJournalofInterculturalRelations,1989,13ၹؓགྷႵICS֥ં൞ᇗေ֥Ҁԉ。(3): ࣮֥౼ཟაٚم ေࢣൕᇏݓЧ߄[9] ֥ॴ໓߄഻৯აૹۋྟଆ,ࣼсྶٝᆸ఼ࡆforInterculturalSensitivity[J].InternationalJournalग़໊(ofInterculturalRelations,1986,10(2):)֥࣮ٓൔ[17],طႋՖЧݓ֥໓߄གྷൌฐษఃࢲܒหᆘ、ؿᅚࣉӱބ႕ཙၹ[10] :Adevelopmen-。ᄝฐ෬ᇏݓದtalModelofInterculturalSensitivity[M]//PaigeRICS֥Ԛࢨ؍,࣮ᆀॖၛࢹЧྏ࿐֥ٚمં,Ⴈקྟ֥࣮ٚم,б:InterculturalPressInc,1993:21-71.ೂധ؇٠ซ、ܴҳمࠇଆ౦ࣟم,টؿགྷѩᇯ҄[11] ࡹ৫ICSંଆ。ᆃ,ᆴ֤၂ิ֥൞Ҥ۴Handelns[M]//-ં(GroundedTheory)֥ٚم[18]。఼טં֥öttingen:Hogrefe,2003:433-ห൹ྟބ౦ࣟྟ,๙ݖં౼ဢ、൬ࠢބٳ༅ඔऌ485.
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