ᇏݓള୪ြ࿐Б 2013୍4ᄅ ֻ21ज ֻ4௹ Chinese Journal of Eco-Agriculture, Apr. 2013, 21(4): 393400 DOI: *Ӊ௹ീਠ֟โಛਠࠒࠣఃమᄝߌڄག 1,21**11,21,2颜 晓 王德建 张 刚 薄录吉 彭小兰 (1. ᇏݓ॓࿐ჽଲࣘಛ࣮෮ ଲࣘ 210008; 2. ᇏݓ॓࿐ჽն࿐ Кࣘ 100049) ᅋ ေ 应用常规化学分析法和数学统计方法, 基于太湖地区13年的长期定位试验, 研究长期不同施磷水平212121下[0(不施磷)、30 kg·hm·a(低磷)、60 kg·hm·a(适磷)、90 kg·hm·a(高磷)]稻麦轮作系统稻田土壤磷素累积规律及磷素流失引发的环境风险。在本试验区土壤环境条件下, 可能发生稻田磷素淋溶及径流的土壤耕层11(0~15 cm)Olsen-P临界值分别为 mg·kg和 mg·kg。连续13年适磷、高磷施肥, 土壤耕层Olsen-P含11量分别达到 mg·kg和 mg·kg, 均高于临界值浓度, 且已导致稻田田面水与30 cm渗漏水中总磷浓1度显著升高, 大大提高了稻田磷素淋溶及径流的风险。低磷施肥土壤Olsen-P长期稳定在(±) mg·kg水平, 并且每年的稻麦产量与高磷、适磷处理相比并无显著差异, 而长期低磷施肥土壤磷的流失风险也较小。因21此, 在太湖地区稻麦轮作体系下, 磷肥不宜以常规适磷水平长期施用, 建议以低磷水平(30 kg·hm·a)长期施21用或以适磷水平(60 kg·hm·a)间歇式施用。 ܱՍ 稻麦轮作系统 施磷 磷素累积 Olsen-P 环境风险 耕层土壤 田面水 渗漏水 ᇏٳোݼ: ; X592 ໓ངѓ്: A ໓ᅣщݼ: 1671-3990(2013)04-0393-08 Soil phosphorous accumulation in long-term P fertilization paddy field and its environmental effects 1,2111,21,2YAN Xiao, WANG De-Jian, ZHANG Gang, BO Lu-Ji, PENG Xiao-Lan (1. Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China; 2. University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China) Abstract The continuous and excessive application of phosphorus (P) fertilizers and manure in intensive agricultural systems have led to soil P accumulation and progressive saturation of soil sorption capacity. This has significantly influenced soil P loss and P accumulation in aquatic ecosystems. The Taihu Lake Region of the Yangtse River Delta has for decades been a highly intensive agricultural production zone in China. Here, applications of chemical fertilizers and farmyard manure have been an effective method of improving soil fertility and productivity. Long-term applications of fertilizers and/or manure, often in excess of immediate plant uptake, have resulted in significant P accumulation and loss in this region. This has considerably increased the potential for eutrophication in the Taihu Lake. The change-point theory (with a soil Olsen-P content threshold above which the potential for significant P loss from soils to water systems occurred) has been considered to be scientific and useful in P management in agricultural soils. Up to date, however, there has been less report with respect to the Olsen-P change-point theory for paddy soils in 21the Taihu Lake Region. In this study, a long-term (13 years) P fertilization experiment in four P application doses (0 kg·hm·a, 30 212121kg·hm·a, 60 kg·hm·a and 90 kg·hm·a) was conducted in the Taihu Lake Region to evaluate the accumulation of Olsen-P under rice-wheat rotation cropping system. The experiment evaluated the environmental risks caused by P loss from soils to water systems. Topsoil (0~15 cm), surface water and leachates (30 cm and 60 cm) Olsen-P and total P (TP) contents were determined. Furthermore, a split-line regression model was used to estimate the risks of P loss from soils to water bodies and the change-point of soil Olsen-P in the Taihu Lake Region determined. Although, TP concentrations in surface water bodies and in 30 cm leachate significantly increased with increasing application rate of fertilizer-P, no significant increase was observed in the 60 cm leachate. As * ݓࡅሱಖ॓࿐ࠎࣁཛଢ(40871145)ބᇏݓ॓࿐ჽᆩ്Էྍ۽ӱᇗေٚཟྟཛଢ(KZCX2-YW-440)ሧᇹ ** ๙ቔᆀ:֣ࡹ(1957i), ଳ, ࣮ჴ, Ѱൖള֝ഽ, ᇶေՖ൙୪โအٳ࿖ߌࠣߌིႋٚ૫֥࣮bཫ(1984i), ୯, Ѱൖ࣮ള, ᇶေՖ൙୪โളߌაအٳܵٚ૫֥࣮b൬۠ರ௹: 20120818 ࢤ൳ರ௹: 20121122
394 ᇏݓള୪ြ࿐Б 2013 ֻ21ज the risk of P runoff was mainly in the first 9 days after fertilizer-P application, it was advisable to control paddy field drainage during this period. Split-line regression analysis suggested that the change-points of Olsen-P content in surface soil triggering P leaching and 112121runoff were respectively mg·kg, mg·kg. Fertilizer-P application at 60 kg·hm·a and 90 kg·hm·a for 13 years 11resulted in respective soil Olsen-P accumulation of mg·kg and mg·kg, which were all higher than the change-points. TP 21concentration of 30 cm leachate was also increased significantly. With continuous application of fertilizer-P at 30 kg·hm·a for 13 1years, soil Olsen-P content remained at (±) mg·kg. This was sufficient for optimum rice/wheat growth without any risk of P 21loss. It was therefore not suitable to continuously apply 60 kg·hm·a of fertilizer-P for a long time in paddy fields. The results 2121demonstrated that intermittent fertilizer-P applications at 30 kg·hm·a and 60 kg·hm·a were suitable for rice-wheat rotation cropping system in the Taihu Lake Region. Key words Rice-wheat rotation system, P fertilization, P accumulation, Olsen-P, Environmental risk, Topsoil, Surface water, Leachate (Received Aug. 18, 2012; accepted Nov. 22, 2012) ਠ൞ቔളӉ҂ॖಌഒ֥ᇗေჭ, ္൞ႄؿิԛॖିႄఏਠࣥੀࠣਥಷڄག֥ಛOlsen-P[1]ඣุڶႏအ߄֥၂۱ܱჭbऌHeckrath֩Бਢࢸᆴ, ၛ௹ֹູ֟โਠ٧֥ކീႨิ܂֡, ႇݓሱಖඣุᇏჿ35%֥ਠটሱ୪ြ, ֣ݓ֥၇ऌb б২ູ38%, طօચղ֞70%bਸ਼ऌ৳ކݓਁ୪ቆ1 材料与方法 ᆮܙ࠹, ᇏݓ୪โਠࣉೆඣุ֥ਈູૄ୍ ൫ဒۀঃ kg·hm, ఃᇏੀთ୪โ૫ჷਠؓඣุਠ֥܊ང[2]൫ဒູႿ1998୍֥Ӊ௹ק໊൫ဒb൫ဒ໊ׄੱۚղ19%b Ⴟֹᇏݓ॓࿐ჽӈඃ୪ြള൫ဒᅟೂޅ॓࿐ܵ୪โਠѩყٝఃཟඣุథ၍, [3](31°33′N, 123°38′E)bھֹඋКಣջു࠱ڄగީ, ၂ᆰ൞۲ݓ࣮֥ಣׄ໙ีbHesketh֩๙ݖӉ௹൞Ӊࡾ༯Ⴓׅ֥ඣ֟Ӂ, ୍नగ໑ ℃, ቋק໊൫ဒ, ิԛਔႄؿਠਥಷ֥ಛOlsen-P“ۚగ໑ ℃, ୍ࢆਈ1 038 mmbᅟֹྙඋဝэׄ”(Change-Point)ં, ಪູ֒ಛOlsen-Pݣਈӳ֮ຎჰ, ݚϙ m, ֹ༯ඣധ60 cmቐႷ, ֮Ⴟᚐᆴൈ, ਠਥಷാޓഒ, ّᆭᄵၞႄఏਠಛোູᅅ(༢ٳো: ௴๙మტඣ۶ದູਥಷbᆃ၂ંູყٝ୪โਠੀാิ܂ਔ၂ᇕ), ᇉֹູٸಛ: ٸ৬(~ mm)%, Ⴕི൭؍bਠ֥ਥಷ൳ಛྟᇉaగީaඣ໓ࠣ[45]೩৬(2~ mm)%, ᬪ৬(< mm)%b୪ቔܵ֩؟ᇕၹ႕ཙ, ҂ֹa҂ྟᇉ1998୍6ᄅ൫ဒषభ۶Ҫ(0~15 cm)ಛႵࠏᇉa֥ಛ, ਠ֥ਥಷ“эׄ”ҵၳࢠնb২ೂ, ࿐11[6]ಆaಆਠaಆࡋݣਈٳљູ g· g·kga֩ؓ҂pHሬ֟โਠਥാڄགࡎުؿ1 g·kgބ g·kg, ࡡࢳaིਠaིࡋགྷ, ූྟaᇏྟބہᇉሬOlsen-Pߌڄགᚐᆴ111111ݣਈٳљູ156 mg· mg·kgބ122 mg·kg, ٳљູ mg· mg·kgބ mg·kgbpH ൞֟โಛ, Кٚ֟โਠࣥੀࠣਥಷ֥ಛ ൫ဒഡ࠹ Olsen-Pਢࢸᆴᄵٳљູ mg·kgބ 1[78]൫ဒູਠ٧ႨਈӉ௹൫ဒ, ഡᇂ4۱ਠ٧ඣ, mg·kgbၹՎႵсေᆌؓऎֹุࣉྛಛ24Ցᇗگ, ܋16۱ཬbཬ૫ࠒ m, ෛࠏOlsen-Pߌڄགᚐᆴ࣮bᆌֹؓ୪โਠ֥[9][10]ቆஆਙ, ᇕᆱٚൔູ֟ચቔbૄ୍5ᄅָཬચ൬૫ჷಙ໙ี, ๓઼֩ࠣֆဇޣ࣮֩ਔࠆު, ࣉྛي۶, ي۶ധ؇ჿ10~13 cmbඣ֟၍ᄗֹᅅ֟ચቔ༢֟โਠੀാڄགѩؓభ1ᇛஞโ, Ⴟૄ୍6ᄅ20ರቐႷ၍ᄗ, 10ᄅ25ರ֟โਠ֥ീ٧Ҧิԛࡹၰ, ໃିิԛ၂۱ಛቐႷ൬ࠆ, ᆜ۱ളӉ௹ࡗԢोโຓ, नЌӻჿ5 cmOlsen-PਢࢸᆴbଢభಛOlsen-Pߌڄགᚐᆴ࣮؟൞ၛۚਠਈീ٧টଆ֥โ૫ඣധb֟ચਆ࠱֥ਠ٧(ݖਠූہ, ݣP %)10 aࠇ20 aުಛႵིਠࠣಛಷ၁ਠሑঃ, ؓಛਠෛൈࡗ֥ࠒܿनቔູࠎ٧၂ՑྟീႨ, ٧(୕, ݣN 46%)ࠎaੰ༷Ⴕฐษሔ٧б২नູ46, ࡋ٧(੯߄ࡋ, ݣK %)ࠎa; ն؟ູറ࠹ࠇ൩ଽအଆ൫ဒ, โࡗק໊൫ဒࢠഒbЧ൫ဒࠎႿֹ13୍֥Ӊሔ٧б২नູ55bඣ֟ࠎ٧ᄝ၍ᄗభ၂฿ീު௹ק໊൫ဒ, ؓ֟ચቔ༢֟โਠ֥Ӊ௹ࠒႨํϝࠁೆჿ5~6 cm֥іᇏ, ሔ٧नҐႨീ, ܿੰaਠֹ֥іࣥੀࠣਥಷڄགࣉྛฐษ, ѩӇ൫҂ԩ٧ਘႨਈі1b
ֻ4௹ ཫ֩: Ӊ௹ീਠ֟โಛਠࠒࠣఃమᄝߌڄག 395 і1 ֟ચቔโࡗ൫ဒඣ֟aཬચਆ࠱֥ീ٧ਈ 2Table 1 Treatments and application rates of fertilizers in rice, wheat seasons of rice-wheat rotation system kg·hm ԩщݼ ԩਠ٧ ٧ ࡋ٧ 222Code Treatment P fertilizer [kg(P)·hm] N fertilizer [kg(N)·hm] K fertilizer [kg(K)·hm] P0 ҂ീਠ No P fertilizer 0/0270/22590/60P1 ֮ਠ Low P 10/20 270/225 90/60 P2 ൡਠ Suitable P 20/40270/22590/60P3 ۚਠ High P 30/60 270/225 90/60 22іᇏ“10/20”іൕඣ֟ૄ୍ീਠ10 kg·hm, ཬચૄ୍ീਠ20 kg·hm, ၛՎোb “10/20” represents that P application rate was 10 2121kg·hm·a for rice and 20 kg·hm·a for wheat, and so on. ဢҐࠢაٳ༅phosphorus, STP, ՎԩႨಛOlsen-P)აಛಷ၁ റඣҐࠢልᇂҐႨሱᇅҐဢܵ, ҐဢູܵᆰP(โ૫ඣሹਠࠇ30 cmധറඣሹਠ, TP)ᆭࡗ֥ܱࣥ3 cm֥PVCܵ, οᅶҐဢധ؇ࢩ౼ཌྷႋ֥Ӊ؇, ༢, ਆ่ᆰཌೂ༯: ֒ಛᇏOlsen-P֮Ⴟᚐᆴൈ, ࡼָ؊ٿඵ, ᄝएָ؊2 cm֥ҧуյ4۱ cm֥TP=m(Olsen-P)+c; ֒ಛᇏOlsen-PۚႿᚐᆴൈ, 1ඣ।, ܵуຓႨ100 ଢቐႷ֥ୄຩЇᄽ, ٝᆸTP=m(Olsen-P)+m(Olsen-PT)+cbൔᇏ, cູ12Olsen-Pୃ೬ࣉೆܵଽbഈ؊ܵ१Ⴈऎ।ཝೖೖࣅ, ࡼ1ࢩए, mູ֒ಛOlsen-P֮Ⴟᚐᆴൈོ֥ੱ, m12۱।ࣥ cm֥గܵҬೆཝೖѩധೆ֞PVCָູܵಛOlsen-PۚႿᚐᆴൈ֥ᆰཌོੱაm֥ҵ, 1҆ၛСԎ౼റඣbࡼᇅСݺ֥Ґဢܵઘೆഡק֥TູھಛOlsen-PᚐᆴbcamamaTOlsen-P12Olsen-P Ҫ, ൬ࠢറඣb 4۱ҕඔ০Ⴈ࠹ೈࡱSAS ᇏ٤ཌྟ݂߭ٳ༅ٳљႿ2011୍ඣ֟၍ᄗֻ֥1 da3 da4 da5 da(PROC NLIN)ۚථؘ(Gauss-Newton)مܙ࠹֤[14]9 da15 da20 da25 da30 da50 da60 da75 dބ֞b 90 d, Ґࠢโ૫ඣa30 cmა60 cmധറඣb෮Ґ2 结果与分析 ဢࣜݖੲԩު, ٳ༅ဢᇏሹਠݣਈbٳљႿ Ӊ௹ീਠؓ֟โ۶ҪಛOlsen-P֥႕ཙ 2000୍a2002୍a2004୍a2006୍a2008୍ࠣ2011৵࿃13୍֥ਠ٧Ⴈਈ൫ဒཁൕ, ҂ਠ٧ീႨ୍ඣ֟൬ࠆުҐ౼۶Ҫಛ(0~15 cm), ڄۄݖೱ, ਈ۶ҪಛOlsen-Pіགྷԛ҂ӱ؇֥ࠒ(і2)bҩקིਠ(Olsen-P)ݣਈbඣဢሹਠҩקҐႨݖ[11]Ӊ௹҂ീਠ٧(P0), ಛOlsen-Pݣਈ҂؎ࢆ֮, Ֆූࡋသ߄–᪬ডбم, ಛOlsen-PҩקҐႨ111[12]1998୍ mg·kgࢆᇀ2011୍ mg·kg, ࡨഒ mol·L NaHCO࣏ิ᪬ডбمb 3ੱղ%b1998i2000୍ࡗ, ಛOlsen-P୩؇ཁ ࠹ٳ༅ٚم 11ඔऌԩაٳ༅ҐႨᇷࢆ֮(P<), Ֆ mg·kgࢆᇀ mg·kg, Excel 2003აSAS , ቔҐႨExcel 2003bط2000i2011୍ࡗ, ୍ಛOlsen-Pݣਈҵၳ҂ Ⴈsplit-lineଆყҩᄝھ܂൫ಛഈؿളਠਥཁᇷbᆃඪૼ, Ӊ௹҂ീਠ٧აቔ৵࿃ᇕᆱ, ಛ[3,13]ಷࠣࣥੀൈ֥ಛOlsen-Pਢࢸᆴbھଆ൞Ⴕིਠ९൮༵ॹݻࢰ, ֒ࢆᇀଖ၂ඣު, Ⴈਆ่҂ོੱ֥ᆰཌ૭ඍಛҩ൫P(soil test ಛႵིਠݣਈ҂ᄜཁᇷࢆ֮b 表2 不同施磷处理稻田耕层土壤Olsen-P的含量变化规律 Table 2 Contents and changing trends of Olsen-P in surface soil of paddy field under different P fertilization treatments P0P1P2P3 ୍ٺ ݣਈ ᄹࡆੱݣਈ ᄹࡆੱݣਈ ᄹࡆੱݣਈ ᄹࡆੱYear Content IncreasingContent IncreasingContent IncreasContent ing Increasing 1111(mg·kg) (%) (mg·kg) (%) (mg·kg) (%) (mg·kg) (%) 1998 ± ± ± ± 2000 ± ± ± ± 2002 ± ± ± ± 2004 ± ± ± ± 2006 ± ± ± ± 2008 ± ± ± ± 2011 ± ± ± ± ਙ҂ሳଛіൕҵၳཁᇷ(P<), ༯bValues within a column followed by different letters are significantly different at P < . The same below.
396 ᇏݓള୪ြ࿐Б 2013 ֻ21ज ৵࿃֮ਠԩ(P1)༯, 1998i2000୍ಛඣ֟ളӉ֥ᇏު௹, ۲ԩโ૫ඣᇏሹਠ୩؇नOlsen-Pіགྷູڵࠒ; 2000i2002୍, Olsen-PཁᇷႵѯ, ᆃॖି൞൳ሔീ٧aࢆࠣۤโ֩ၹᆞࠒ; 2002i2011୍ࡗ, ۲୍ಛOlsen-Pݣਈэ֥႕ཙb [17]߄҂ཁᇷbӉ௹৵࿃֮ਠԩ, ಛOlsen-PݣਈіSharpley࣮֩ಪູ, ંࣥੀߎ൞റඣ1གྷູႮቋԚ֥ಌሑሇэູ႔Ⴥࠒ, ቋުົӻᇏሹਠ֥୩؇Ӊ௹ӑݖ mg·LॖିᄯӮֹ૫ᄝࠎЧ໗ק֥ඣb ඣ֥ڶႏအ߄bᇏݓߌЌሹअܿק, ᄍྸᆰࢤࣉೆ1[18]৵࿃13୍Ӊ௹ൡਠ(P2)ބۚਠ(P3)ԩಛa९֥ފੀᇏሹਠݣਈਢࢸᆴࣇູ mg·LbOlsen-Pनіགྷູᇯ୍ࠒ֥ሑ, ࠒੱ҂طሸܴᆜ۱࣮ൈ௹(1), ۲ԩཬโ૫ඣb1998i2000୍, ൡਠԩಛOlsen-Pݣਈᄹሹਠ୩؇ࠫެӑݖၞႄؿඣุڶႏအ߄֥ਢࢸඣࡆ%, طۚਠԩᄹࡆ%, ᆃཌྷ֒Ⴟ֮ਠԩ, ൫ဒ௹ࡗ၂ՑโࡗஆඣթᄝႺؿڸ࣍ඣთ৵࿃13୍֥ࠒਈb2011୍, ࣜݖ13୍֥ࠒ, ඣุڶႏအ߄֥ॖିb ൡਠԩಛOlsen-Pݣਈᄹࡆ%, ۚਠԩ ֟โറඣᇏሹਠ֥э߄ࠣߌڄག ᄹࡆ%, ٳљ൞֮ਠԩࠒੱ֥Пބ۲ീਠԩಛ30 cmა60 cmധറඣᇏሹПb ਠ֥э߄ཁൕ(і3), Ӊ௹ീਠਈ҂, ಛറ ֟โโ૫ඣᇏሹਠ֥э߄ࠣߌڄག ၁ሹਠ୩؇҂, նุіགྷູീਠਈᄀۚ, റ֟࠱โ૫ඣሹਠ֥э߄ཁൕ(1), ۲ԩ၁ሹਠݣਈᄀۚbᄝඣ֟ളӉ۲ࢨ؍, P0aP1aP2ཬโ૫ඣሹਠ୩؇ᄝീਠ٧1 dުनղ֞ቋնᆴ, ԩಛ30 cmറඣᇏሹਠ୩؇ෙႵෛീਠਈᄹ1P0~P3൮Ցඣဢሹਠ୩؇ٳљູ mg· ۚطᄹն֥൝, ԩࡗҵၳѩ҂ཁᇷ; طP3111mg· mg·Lބ mg·L, ෛުࢆ֮bԩಛ30 cmറඣᇏሹਠ୩؇ᄝֻ5 da20 daࣜ90 dު, ෮Ⴕԩඣဢሹਠ୩؇Ⴟ໗קѩࢤ࣍25 da30 dൈनཁᇷۚႿP0aP1ࠣP2ԩ(P<)b[1516]ቋ֮ᆴ, ᆃაభದ֥࣮ࢲݔཌྷරbP0aP1aᄝ60 cmറඣᇏ, ሹਠ୩؇္ႵෛീਠਈᄹնطP2ԩٳљᄝീਠު20 da20 da40 dቐႷ, ۲ཬᄹ֥ۚ൝, ᆜ۱ࡓҩ௹ࡗ෮Ⴕԩࡗҵၳ1โ૫ඣሹਠ୩؇ࠧିࢆᇀ mg·Lඣ, طP3ࠎЧनໃղཁᇷඣbਸ਼ຓ, ၂ീਠඣ, ҂ԩᄝീਠު75 dቐႷ, โ૫ඣሹਠ୩؇ҌିࢆᇀҪՑಛറ၁ᇏሹਠ୩؇ҵၳղཁᇷᆀ, ္ࣇᆃ၂ඣbᄝࡓҩ֥۲ࢨ؍, P1ԩโ૫ඣሹႵP3ԩ, іགྷູԢֻ75 da90 d, ః۲ൈ؍ਠ୩؇ა҂ീਠԩP0ཌྷбनཁᇷҵၳ; P2ԩ30 cmറඣᇏሹਠ୩؇ཁᇷۚႿ60 cmറඣbᄝീਠުభ9 dଽ, ֟โโ૫ඣሹਠ୩؇ࢠP0აP1ᆃඪૼ, ৵࿃13୍ۚਠീႨ, ၘ֝ᇁ֟โ30 cmԩཁᇷശۚ(P<), ఃൈ؍ཁᇷҵၳ; P3ԩറඣᇏሹਠཁᇷശۚ, طؓ60 cmറඣᇏሹᄝീਠު50 dଽ, โ૫ඣሹਠ୩؇ཁᇷۚႿP0აਠඣ႕ཙ҂նb P1ԩ, ఃൈ؍ҵၳ҂ཁᇷbॖ, Ӊ௹ീਠਈᆜ۱ࡓҩ௹ࡗ, P0~P3۲ԩಛ30 cmറ1ᄀۚ, ಛOlsen-Pࠒਈᄀն, ֟โโ૫ඣሹਠ୩ඣሹਠ୩؇֥नᆴ(mg·L)ٳљູ؇ᄀۚ, ਠ֥ࣥੀാڄགჟն, ڄག௹္ᄀӉbᄝ ބ, 60 cmറඣሹਠ୩؇֥नᆴٳљູބႮі3ॖၛुԛ, P2აP3ԩ۲ҪՑಛറඣᇏਠन୩؇नӑݖ 1mg·LbЧ൫ဒ܋Ґࠢ10Ցറඣဢ, 30 cmറ1ඣሹਠ୩؇ӑݖ mg·L֥, P0ԩႵ3Ց, P1ԩ4Ց, P2ԩ7Ց, P3ԩ8Ց; 60 cmറඣဢᇏ, P0აP1ԩनႵ3Ց, P2ԩ7Ց, P3ԩ6Ցbॖ, ᄝඣ֟ളӉ۲ളტ௹ଽ, ෮ႵീਠඣनႵࠏ߶֝ᇁਠ҂ӱ؇֥ਥಷ, ᄝ҂ಛҪՑ֥ਥԛ୩؇नॖղ֞ᇁඣุڶႏအ߄֥ඣ1( mg·L)b҂ീਠ٧ა֮ਠԩਠ֥ਥಷڄག ؿളᄝඣ֟၍ᄗࠇਠ٧ࠎീު֥20 dଽ, طӉ௹ൡ图1 不同施磷处理稻田田面水总磷的动态变化 Fig. 1 Dynamic changes of total P (TP) concentration in sur-ਠაۚਠԩᄝඣ֟ളӉ֥ᆜ۱ളტ௹ଽनႵਥಷface water of paddy field under different P fertilization treatments ਠ֥ڄགb
ֻ4௹ ཫ֩: Ӊ௹ീਠ֟โಛਠࠒࠣఃమᄝߌڄག 397 表3 不同施磷处理稻田30 cm与60 cm渗漏水中总磷的动态变化 Table 3 Dynamic changes of total P concentration in leachate of 30 cm and 60 cm soil profile of paddy field under 1different P fertilization treatments mg·L ീਠު฿ඔ Days after P application (d) ԩ Treatment 5 9 15 20 25 30 50 60 75 90 30 cm P0 ± ±± ±± ±± ± ± ± P1 ± ± ± ±± ±± ± ± ± P2 ± ±± ±±±±± ± ± P3 ± ± ± ±± ±± ± ± ± cm P0 ± ± ± ±± ±± ± ± ± P1 ± ±± ±±±±± ± ± P2 ± ±± ±± ±± ± ± ± P3 ± ±± ±±±± ± ± ± ಛOlsen-Pაಛಷ၁ᇏਠ୩؇֥ܱ༢ཌྷܱܱ༢ࣉྛٳ؍݂߭ކbၛ2011୍ඣ֟൬ࠆൈ [3]۴ऌHesketh֩֝ᇁਠਥಷڄག֥ಛ۲ཬ۶ҪOlsen-P୩؇(C)ູޘቕѓ, ၛඣ֟ളOlsen-POlsen-P“эׄ”ં, Ӈ൫Ⴈsplit-lineଆؓ֟โӉ௹ࡗ۲ཬ෮Ⴕࡓҩൈࡗ֥ׄโ૫ඣሹਠ୩؇֥іҪಛOlsen-P୩؇აಛಷ၁ሹਠ୩؇ᆭࡗ֥नᆴ(C)ູሺቕѓቔ(2), ෮֤ކٚӱູ: TP 1C = 1C+ 3 (C≤ mg·kg) TPOlsen-POlsen-P12(1) C = 7C 63 (C＞ mg·kg) (n=15, R=) TPOlsen-POlsen-P Վٳ؍ݦඔ֥ܮׄԩOlsen-P୩؇ູ طੀാb 1mg·kg, ࠧ֒іҪಛOlsen-P୩؇֮Ⴟھᆴൈ, ဢ, ၛ2011୍ඣ֟൬ࠆൈ۲ཬ۶Ҫโ૫ඣሹਠ୩؇ෛಛOlsen-Pݣਈᄹࡆطᄹն҂Olsen-P୩؇(C)ູޘቕѓ, ၛඣ֟ളӉ௹ࡗ۲Olsen-Pཁᇷ; ط֒ಛOlsen-P୩؇նႿھᆴൈ, โ૫ඣሹཬ෮Ⴕࡓҩൈࡗׄ30 cmറඣᇏሹਠ୩؇֥ਠ୩؇߶ᄝ؋௹ଽശۚ, ၞႿෛ୪โஆඣࠇࢆनᆴ(C)ູሺቕѓቔ(3), ෮֤ކٚӱູ: TP 1C =+ 0 (C≤ mg·kg) TPOlsen-POlsen-P(2) 12 C = 0 (C＞ mg·kg) (n=15, R=) TPOlsen-POlsen-P 图3 稻田30 cm渗漏水中总磷浓度与表层土壤Olsen-P图2 稻田田面水总磷浓度与表层土壤Olsen-P含量的 含量的关系 关系 Fig. 3 Relationship between total P concentration in 30 cm Fig. 2 Relationship between total P concentration in surface leachate and Olsen-P content in surface soil of paddy field water and Olsen-P content in surface soil of paddy field Վٳ؍ݦඔ֥ܮׄԩOlsen-P୩؇ູ Ӊ௹ീਠ֥֟ચӁਈིႋ 1mg·kg, ࠧ֒ಛOlsen-P୩؇նႿھᆴൈ, 30 cmႮ҂ീਠԩ֥֟ચӁਈࢲݔ(і4)টु, ཌྷറඣᇏሹਠ୩؇ശۚ, ࠞၞෛറඣੀാb ؓႿീਠԩ, Ӊ௹҂ീਠ٧ԩ۲୍ඣ֟Ӂਈෙ
398 ᇏݓള୪ြ࿐Б 2013 ֻ21ज 表4 长期磷肥施用在水稻与小麦上的产量效应 2 Table 4 Effect of long-term application of P fertilizer on the yield of rice and wheat rotation kg·hm ୍ٺ Year ቔ ԩ Crop Treatment 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010 2011 ඣ֟ P0 8 177a 6 090a 8 537b 7 698a 7 589b 7 845b 8 248b 8 080c Rice P1 8 214a 6 158a 8 757ab 7 767a 8 151ab 8 100ab 8 808ab 9 182a P2 8 288a 6 389a 8 955ab 7 854a 8 255ab 7 815b 8 307ab 9 081a P3 8 103a 6 323a 9 291ab 7 958a 8 144ab 8 115ab 8 930a 9 257a ཬચ P0 i 3 252c 1 943b 4 461b 4 790b 4 635c 4 214b 4 145b Wheat P1 i 5 031a 2 310ab 5 781a 6 725a 5 366b 6 455a 6 513a P2 i 4 818ab 2 169ab 5 549a 7 401a 5 996a 6 050a 6 574a P3 i 4 613b 2 547a 5 652a 7 533a 5 340b 6 199a 7 065a ၂ቔਙ҂ሳଛіൕԩࡗҵၳཁᇷ(P<) Values of one crop within a column followed by different letters are significantly dif-ferent at P < . Ⴕ༯ࢆ, नໃղ֞ཁᇷඣ, ᇀ2011୍, ֒ಛඣࢤԨ, ০Ⴟಛਠ֥٢, طϝโಠݖӱЧ1[15]Olsen-Pࢆᇀ mg·kg, ඣ֟ӁਈҌႵཁᇷࢆ֮ദ္ିࡆಛਠ֥ಷࢳbൈ, ϝโ֝ᇁі(P<); ҂ീਠԩ֥ཬચӁਈᄝֻ2୍ުࣼཁҪಛᇉൿ, Ӂളࢠնಛ।༣, โ૫ඣࠇࢆᇷ֮Ⴟീਠԩ(P<)b ֩ࠞၞခᆃུն।༣(Ⴊ༵ੀ)ཟಛ༯Ҫਥ[1,3]ಷbਸ਼ຓ, ݬโڿඣโު, ඣ่ࡱ༯ಛоྐྵ3 讨论与结论 ਠ֥٢ၛࠣႵࠏၼሰ߶սߐԛ҆ٳФ་ڸ֥[2122]Ч࣮ࢲݔཁൕ, ᄝ֟ચቔุ༢༯, ৵࿃҂ਠ, ᆃུनႵॖିᇁಛಷ၁ሹਠݣਈശ1ീਠ٧, ಛOlsen-Pᄝ2୍ଽࣼႮ mg·kgॹۚb 1ݻࢰᇀ mg·kg, ᆭުݻࢰૼཁࡨߏ, ࣜ11୍, Ⴈsplit-lineଆކ֤֞Ч൫ဒಛߌ่11Olsen-PݣਈႮ mg·kgࢆᇀ mg·kgb౷नࡱ༯, ᆷൕ֟โਠਥಷࠣࣥੀڄག֥ಛOlsen-P[19]11ڂ֩๙ݖ15୍֥Ӊ௹ק໊൫ဒ, ᄝֆീ٧่֥эׄ୩؇ٳљູ mg· mg·kg, ᆃა[23][24]ࡱ༯, ؓಆݓ 6 ۱҂োಛ֥ਠэ߄ࣉྛᅦߕӔ֩ࠣᆞ֩ᄝ၂ֹ֥ଆ൫ဒࢲ࣮, ؿགྷಛOlsen-PݣਈࠎЧ҂൳ಛਠіܴݔཌྷ࣍, ૌ๙ݖֆ࠱ۚਈീਠၛଆ10୍ࠇ20ޙ֥႕ཙ, Olsen-P༯ࢆႵ၂קᚐᆴ, ᄝࢆᇀჿ4 ୍ުಛਠࠒ, ֤֞ᆷൕ֟โਠਥಷࠣࣥੀ11mg·kgުࠎЧЌӻ໗ק, ᆃაЧ൫ဒ࣮ࢲݔࠎЧڄག֥ಛOlsen-Pਢࢸᆴٳљູ mg· 1၂ᇁbЧ࣮ߎؿགྷ, ৵࿃13୍֮ਠീႨ, ಛmg·kgbֆ࠱၂ՑྟۚਈീႨਠ٧, ീೆ֥ਠაOlsen-Pᇯ୍ࠒ҂ཁᇷ, नݣਈູ(±) ಛ֥ޙّႋൈࡗࢠ؋, ॖି߶֝ᇁ֒࠱ಛਠ1mg·kg; ႮӁਈࢲݔটु, ᄝ֮ീਠඣഈ࿃ᄹਥಷაథ၍ொൌ࠽bЧ൫ဒࢲݔࠎႿ13୍֥ਠ٧[20]ࡆീਠਈ, ؓ֟ચӁਈनཁᇷ႕ཙbਗ਼ೂএ֥Ӊ௹൫ဒ, აֆ࠱ۚਠീ٧ଆཌྷб, ۷ऎൌ࠽ၩ္࣮ᆣૼ, ಛOlsen-Pݣਈᆺေղ֞5~7 ၬbਸ਼ຓ, ૌಪູ, ֒ಛOlsen-P୩؇ཬႿਢࢸ1mg·kg, ࠧॖડቀඣ֟ۚӁေ; ᄝଲٚಛഈᆴൈ, ֟โ30 cmറඣࠣโ૫ඣሹਠ୩؇ࠎЧ҂, 1֒Olsen-PݣਈնႿ൳ಛOlsen-P୩؇э߄֥႕ཙ, ط൞ົӻᄝ၂۱10 mg·kgൈ, ീਠؓඣ֟ളӉ[12]໗קඣbطЧ࣮ࢲݔཁൕ, ֒ಛOlsen-P୩؇ၘ႕ཙbၹՎ, ᄝֹ֟ચቔุ༢༯, ՖཬႿэׄᆴൈ, ಛಷ၁ሹਠ୩؇္߶ෛಛ֟ચӁਈေࢃ, ࡔӻӉ௹֮ਠീ٧൞сေ֥b Olsen-P֥ࠒطᇯࡶᄹۚ, ಛਠ֥ੀാڄག္൫ဒࢲݔߎіૼ, Ӊ௹҂ീਠԩ֝ᇁ֟โᄝᇯࡶࡆնb โ૫ඣࠣറ၁ሹਠ୩؇҂, նุіགྷູീਠਈ৵࿃13୍ൡਠaۚਠീႨ, ಛOlsen-Pݣਈᄀۚ, ሹਠݣਈᄀۚ, ۚਠაൡਠԩթᄝమᄝ֥11ၘٳљղ mg· mg·kg, ෙࣜݖ၂۱֟ߌڄགbӉ௹҂ീਠ٧, ᄝඣ֟၍ᄗԚ௹֟โโ࠱֥ਥ༡, ಯनۚႿэׄ୩؇bಛಷ၁ᇏሹਠ૫ඣაറඣᇏ္Ⴕࢠ֥ۚሹਠ୩؇bඣ֟၍ᄗު1୩؇֥э߄္ཁൕ, ۚਠീႨ, ၘ֝ᇁ֟โโ1 dଽ, โ૫ඣሹਠ୩؇ղ֞ቋնᆴ mg·L; ඣ૫ඣა30 cmറඣᇏሹਠ୩؇ཁᇷശۚbط৵࿃֟၍ᄗު20 dଽ, റඣᇏሹਠ୩؇္ࠎЧնႿ 1Ӊ௹ൡਠീႨ, ಛಷ၁ᇏሹਠ୩؇ᄹնږ؇ෙ҂mg·Lbᆃॖି൞ႮႿඣ֟၍ᄗభ, ۶يaϝโ֩୪ࠣۚਠԩཁᇷ, ఃᄝࡓҩ֥۲ࢨ؍ਠ୩؇္Ⴕၜܵࡼ༯Ҫཌྷؓߎჰྟ఼֥ಛيᇀіҪაโ૫
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