针对自动生产线和复杂的生产设备及重要的安全系统的检查
针对自动生产线和复杂的生产设备及重要的安全系统的检查
针对自动生产线和复杂的生产设备及重要的安全系统的检查
1.概述
1. Overview
在对工厂进行安全现状评价过程中有一个重要的项目，就是对现场状况进行检查。除了检查工厂周边区域环境、厂区平面布置、工艺操作及安全生产管理等外，最主要的一项应针对生产机械设备设施的安全防护设施进行检查。
In the process of the factory for safety situation assessment is an important project, is to check site condition. In addition to the inspection area surrounding the factory environment, plant layout, process, operation and safety production management thereof should be focused on, one of the most main production machinery safety protection facilities to inspect equipment and facilities.
机械设备本身应具有本质安全性能，不出现任何事故和危害，但往往很难做到或代价十分昂贵，因此常选择间接安全技术措施，即当不能或不完全能实现直接安全技术措施时，为机械设备设计出一种或多种安全防护装置，最大限度地预防、控制事故或危害的发生。一般机械设备是由电或燃油驱动和控制的，运动形式和危险部位较多。所以当机械或电子控制发生故障造成失控，或是人的行为失误时，设备上的安全防护设施就显得至关重要。因此，在进行安全评价时，对企业现场机械设备的安全防护设施检查也显得尤为重要。笔者根据多年基层工厂的经验和参加安全评价工作几年来对工厂现场检查的实践，认为对工厂现场生产机械设备的安全防护设施检查应首先检查其有无安全防护装置，再检查安全防护装置是否完好正常。
Mechanical equipment itself should have intrinsically safe performance, without any accidents and damage, but it is often difficult to do or the price is very expensive, so often choose the indirect safety technical measures, namely when cannot or will not completely can realize direct safety technical measures, for mechanical equipment design of one or more security protection device, maximize the preventive and control the happening of the accident or harm. General mechanical equipment is driven by electricity or fuel and control, the movement form and the more dangerous parts. So when mechanical or electronic control fault cause out of control, or human error behavior, on the device it is critical that safety protection facilities. In safety assessment, therefore, to machinery and equipment companies in the field of safety protection facilities check also is particularly important. According to the experience in the factory for many years and for safety assessment work site inspection to the factory over the years of practice, think to the plant site production equipment safety protection facilities check should first check the presence of security protection device, check the safety protective devices are in good condition to normal again.
2.工厂机械设备的安全防护装置的检查
2. The factory machinery and equipment safety inspection of protective device
笔者在在对工厂进行安全现状评价过程中，针对工厂不同的设备预先制定检查表，将这些机械设备按常规都应配置的安全防护装置用表格的形式列出，按表进行检查，以免遗漏，例如：
The author in the factory for safety situation assessment process, is established in view of the different equipment factory checklist, should be configured according to all these mechanical equipment according to the conventional safety protection devices are listed in the form of a table, on table for inspection, in order to avoid omissions, such as:
针对生产、使用、贮存或运输中存在有易燃易爆的生产设备如锅炉、反应釜、压力容器、可燃气体燃烧设备以及其它燃料燃烧设备的检查，按常规锅炉、反应釜、压力容器及燃烧设备等都应配置安全阀、水位计、温度计、防爆阀、自动报警装置、截止阀、限压装置、点火或稳定火焰装置等安全防护装置[1]。现场检查时对照检查表查看这些机械设备有无上述安全防护装置，是否正常完好。
For production, use, storage or transport of flammable and explosive production equipment such as boilers, reaction kettle, pressure vessel, combustible gas burning equipment and other fuel burning equipment inspection, according to the conventional combustion boiler, reactor, pressure vessel and equipment should be with safety valve, water level gauge, thermometer, explosion-proof valve, automatic alarm device, cut-off valve, pressure limiting device, stable ignition or fire device safety protection device such as [1]. On-site inspection against the checklist to check these mechanical equipment for the safety protection device, whether normal intact.
针对工厂各种旋转机械的传动外露部分的检查，按常规如泵、风机及压缩机等运动机械的联轴器部位、砂轮机及电锯皮带轮等都应设防护装置，一般为防护网、防护栏杆、可动式或固定式防护罩和其它专用装置[2] [5]。现场检查时对照检查表查看这些机械设备有无上述安全防护装置，再看是否正常完好。并且有些可移动式防护罩还装有有联锁装置，当打开防护罩时，危险部分立即停止运动。如南京江宁区经济技术开发区金佰利个人卫生用品有限公司的卫生巾生产线就设有联锁装置，只要生产线上的防护罩一打开，生产线立即就停止运转。
Various transmission exposed part of the rotating machinery factory inspection, according to the regular sports such as pump, fan and compressor mechanical coupling parts, grinding machine and a chainsaw pulley protective device should be set, generally for the fence, protective railing, movable or stationary cover and other special devices [2] [5]. On-site inspection against the checklist to check these mechanical equipment for the safety protection device, again to see if normal intact. And some can be movable cover is equipped with interlocking devices, when open the protective cover, dangerous parts immediately stop the movement. If jiangning area, nanjing economic and technological development zone of kimberly-clark personal hygiene supplies co., LTD. Sanitary napkin production line is equipped with interlocking device, as long as the production line on the protective cover is opened, the production line immediately stop operation.
针对起重设备的检查，按常规起重设备都应设有信号装置、制动器、卷扬限制器、行程限制器、自动联锁装置、缓冲器以及梯子、平台、栏杆等[3]。电动单梁起重机现场检查时对照检查表查看起重设备有无上述安全防护装置，再看是否正常完好。
Check for lifting equipment, signal device should be provided according to the conventional lifting equipment, brake, lifting limiter, stroke limiter, automatic interlock, buffer, and ladders, platforms, railing, etc. [3]. Contrast examination at the time of site inspection table to check the lifting equipment for the safety protection device, again to see if normal intact.
针对冲压设备的检查，按常规冲压设备的施压部分应设置防如挡手板、拔手器联锁电钮、安全开关、光电控制等护装置[5]。现场检查时对照检查表查看冲压设备有无上述安全防护装置，再看当人体某一部分进入危险区之前，苯酚门式起重机滑块能否停止运动，联锁电钮、安全开关是否正常完好。
Check for stamping equipment, according to the conventional stamping pressure parts of the equipment should be set as proof in hand, hand pull interlocking button, safety switch, photoelectric control device such as a guard [5]. On-site inspection when control checklist to check the stamping equipment for the safety protection device, to see when one part of the human body into the danger zone before the slider can stop motion, interlocking button, well safety switch is normal.
针对自动生产线和复杂的生产设备及重要的安全系统的检查，按常规其都应设置自动监控装置、开车预警信号装置、联锁装置、减缓运行装置、防逆转等安全防护装置[1]。现场检查时对照检查表查看这些生产设备有无上述安全防护装置，是否正常完好。对加工过热或过冷的部件时，检查其是否已配置了防接触屏蔽装置[1]（在不影响操作和设备功能的情况下），避免操作者触及过热或过冷部件引起烫冻伤事故。
In view of the automatic production line and sophisticated production equipment and important safety inspection system, as a rule it should be set up automatic monitoring device, driving early warning signal device, interlock device, slow running device, plugging, etc. Safety protection device [1]. On-site inspection against the checklist to check the production equipment for the safety protection device, whether normal intact. Parts for processing hot or too cold, check whether it has been configured with contact shielding device [1] (without affecting operation and equipment function), to avoid the operator touch hot frostbite caused extreme heat or cold parts.
针对可能产生粉尘、有害气体及发生辐射的生产设备的检查，这些生产设备按常规都应安装自动加料及卸料装置、净化和排放装置、监测装置、报警装置、联锁装置、屏蔽装置等[4]。现场检查时对照检查表查看生产设备有无上述安全防护装置，是否正常完好。
Against dust, harmful gases and happen radiation production equipment inspection, these equipments should be routinely installation of automatic feeding and discharging device, purification and discharge device, monitoring device, alarm, interlock, shielding device such as [4]. On-site inspection against the checklist to check the production equipment for the safety protection device, whether normal intact.
对企业正在进行检修的机械电气设备的检查，检查时要看这些正进行检修机械电气设备是否已挂上“正在检修，禁止开机”、“正在检修，禁止合闸”等警告提示牌。
Ongoing maintenance to the enterprise of mechanical and electrical equipment inspection, check to see whether these are mechanical and electrical equipment has hung "is maintenance, no boot" and "is in maintenance, no switching" warning sign.
另外机械设备要是间接安全技术措施无法实现或实施时，可采用检测报警装置、警示标志等措施，警告、提醒作业人员注意，以便采取相应的对策措施或紧急撤离危险场所。
If additional mechanical equipment indirect safety technical measures cannot be achieved or implementation, can use detection alarm device, warning signs, warning, alert workers, in order to take corresponding countermeasures for the dangerous sites or emergency evacuation.
3.结语
3. The conclusion
我们在对机械设备的安全防护设施进行检查都是为了实现工厂减少或不出现机械伤害和职业危害。只有当机械设备安全防护装置齐全，设备处于最佳组合时，它才能自动排除故障，确保人身和设备安全。在有条件的情况下应尽量采用机械化、自动化程序控制等，这是实现机械设备本质安全的最基本的途径。
We inspect the mechanical equipment safety protection facilities are all in order to achieve the factories to reduce or not mechanical injuries and occupational hazards. Only when the mechanical equipment safety protection device is complete, the device is in the best combination, it can automatically rule out fault, ensure personal and equipment safety. In the case of conditional should adopt mechanization, automation, process control, etc., this is most basic way to realize mechanical equipment of intrinsically safe.
