2006쓪6퓂뗚ꆡꆡꆡꆡꆡJun.,200620뻭뗚6웚ꆡꆡꆡꆡꆡꆡꆡꆡꆡꆡꆡꆡ뮪ꆡ뚫ꆡ뺭ꆡ볃ꆡ맜ꆡ샭Eꆡꆡꆡꆡꆡꆡꆡ,ꇱ뫪맛뺭볃죕놾뢾얮짧믡뺭볃뗘캻뗄럖컶붭ꆡ뫧(짏몣짌톧풺,짏몣ꆡ200061)[햪튪]컄헂춨맽듳솿뗄쫽뻝쫕벯,뛔죕놾뢾얮뻍튵룅뿶ꆢ샍뚯쳵볾뫍퓙뻍튵쿖ힴퟶ쇋럖컶,퓚뛔뒦폚뢴퓓짧믡ힴ뿶뗄죕놾뢾얮뷸탐짮뿌쇋뷢뗄춬쪱,솦춼헒돶웤쓐얮볤뗄뫏샭뗄짧믡럖릤뫍짧믡ퟷ폃뗄늻춬횮뒦,캪뷱뫳컒맺퓚훆뚨뢾얮뻍튵,뫍샍뚯짧믡놣헏램맦뗈튻쾵쇐탐헾헾닟랽쏦웰떽닎뾼ퟷ폃ꆣ[맘볼듊]죕놾뢾얮;뻍튵;샍뚯쳵볾;퓙뻍튵쿖ힴ;킡쪱릤샍뚯헟[훐춼럖샠뫅]F015ꆡꆡꆡ[컄쿗뇪쪶싫]Aꆡꆡꆡ[컄헂뇠뫅]1007ꆪ5097(2006)06ꆪ0051ꆪ04AnalysisabouttheJapaneseWomenpisEconomicandSocialStatusJIANGHong(ShanghaiCommercialSchool,Shanghai200061,China)Abstract:Thisarticlethroughtheuseofalargecollectionofdata,attemptstoanalyzetheemploymentsituation,,italsoattemptstode2fineareasonablesocialdivisionoflaborbetweenmenandwomeninJapanesesociety,,wecanhelpformulateadministrativeandsocialsecuritypolicies,aswellasotherrelevantlaws,:Japanesewomenpisemploymentsituation;workingconditions;re2employmentopportunities;part2timerꆡꆡ뢾얮뗘캻쫇튻룶럇뎣뢴퓓뗄짧믡뺭볃컊쳢ꆣ놾컄춬쓪죕놾뢾얮뻍튵죋쫽캪20616췲죋,뇈2003쓪쫔뻍춨맽뛔쫀뷧뗚뛾뺭볃듳맺ꆪꆪꆪ죕놾맺뢾얮쯹뒦뗄퓶볓쇋19췲죋,퓶럹듯017%ꆣ햼15쯪틔짏뢾얮뻍튵짧믡뺭볃뗘캻뗄럖컶,틔듯떽뛔뒦폚뢴퓓짧믡ힴ뿶뗄죋쫽뗄뇈싊캪4611%ꆣ뢾얮뻍튵죋쫽뗄릹돉캪:룶쳥죕놾뢾얮폐룶뇈뷏짮뿌뗄쇋뷢뗄춬쪱,퓵퇹헒돶쓐얮뺭펪헟169췲죋,볒ퟥ뺭펪232췲죋,놻맍펶헟2,볤뗄뫏샭뗄짧믡럖릤뫍짧믡ퟷ폃뗄늻춬횮뒦,뷨본웤203췲죋,췪좫쪧튵죋쫽캪121췲죋,햼414%ꆣ뇭1뺭퇩,?웺웤늻ퟣ,캪컒맺뷱뫳퓚훆뚨뢾얮뻍튵뫍샍랴펳쇋2003ꆪ2004쓪죕놾샍뚯솦뷡릹뇤뮯뗄쟩뿶ꆣ뚯짧믡놣헏램맦뗈튻쾵쇐탐헾헾닟랽쏦웰떽닎뾼ퟷ폃21룟훐뫍듳톧뇏튵얮짺뗄룟뻍튵싊뗄쒿뗄ꆣ놾컄쫔듓틔쿂벸룶뷇뛈뷸탐싛쫶ꆣ뻝죕놾뢣샻샍뚯늿뫍맺볒뿆톧뷌폽캯풱믡뷸탐뗄튻ꆢ죕놾뢾얮뗄뻍튵쳘뗣ꆶ룟훐뇏튵짺뗄풤볆죋풱뻍튵쓚뚨쟩뿶뗈뗷닩ꆷꆢꆶ듳톧퓚얷쏀,볒춥뺭볃좨튻냫틔짏쫇평쓐ퟓ살헆컕뗄ꆣ뗈뇏튵뗄풤볆죋풱뻍튵쓚뚨쟩뿶뗈뗷닩ꆷ뗄놨룦ꋚ,뛸죕놾좴쿠랴,튻냫틔짏뗄뢾얮헆컕ퟅ볒춥뺭볃좨ꆣ2004쓪3퓂뗗룟훐뇏튵짺뗄뻍튵싊럖뇰캪:얮짺뿉쫇,볒춥뺭볃훷좨뗄듳킡,늢늻쓜췪좫랴펳돶뢾얮9419%(2003쓪캪9410%)ꆢ쓐짺9618%(2003쓪캪뗄짧믡뺭볃뗘캻뗄룟뗍ꆣ쓜릻쳥쿖돶웤뺭볃뗘캻룟뗍9611%)ꆣ2004쓪3퓂뗗듳톧뇏튵짺뗄뻍튵싊럖뇰캪:뗄좴쫇뢾얮뗄뻍튵쟩뿶ꆣ틲듋,쫗쿈뇘탫튪쇋뷢죕놾얮짺9312%(2003쓪캪9212%)ꆢ쓐짺9310%(2003뢾얮뗄뻍튵ힴ뿶뗄쳘뗣ꆣ쓪캪9312%),헢쫇뗷닩틔살뗚튻듎얮짺뗄뻍튵죋쫽뎬11죕놾뢾얮뗄뻍튵룅뿶맽쇋쓐짺뗄뻍튵죋쫽ꆣ헢킩룟뻍튵싊쫽뻝,풶풶뎬돶2004쓪,죕놾뢾얮뗄샍뚯솦캪20737췲죋,뇈쇋뷼쓪살컒맺룟킣뇏튵짺ꆰ튻듎뻍튵싊ꆱ뻹놣돖퓚2003쓪퓶볓5췲죋,15쯪틔짏죋뿚쯹햼뗄샍뚯솦뇈싊70%틔짏뗄쮮ힼꋛꆣ듓듳톧짺뇈싊살뾴,2004쓪죕놾뗄캪4813%,폫2003쓪돖욽ꆣ쓐ퟓ캪30905췲죋,샍뚯듳톧짺죫톧싊캪48%ꋛ,춬쓪컒맺뗄듳톧짺쎫죫톧싊솦뇈싊캪7314%ꆣ듯떽쇋19%틔짏ꋚꆣ죕놾뗄듳톧짺죋뻹죫톧싊튪뎬돶[쫕룥죕웚]ꆡ2006ꆪ04ꆪ28[ퟷ헟볲뷩]ꆡ붭ꆡ뫧(1959ꆪ),얮,붲쪦,퇐뺿랽쿲:뺭볃톧ꆣꆪ51ꆪ' 1994-2006 China Academic Journal Electronic Publishing House. All rights reserved.
컒맺뗄115놶,좴폐ퟅ뻓룟뗄ꆰ튻듎뻍튵싊ꆱꆣꆡꆡ뇭1죕놾샍뚯솦뷡릹뇤뮯15쯪틔짏죋뿚샍뚯죋뿚샍뚯싊뻍튵죋쫽룶쳥뺭펪볒ퟥ뺭펪탎첬탎첬맍폃탎첬쪧튵죋쫽쪧튵싊(췲죋)(췲죋)(%)(췲죋)(췲죋)(췲죋)(%)(췲죋)(췲죋)얮20035,6542,73248132,5971722382,17713541920045,6722,73748132,6161692322,203121414쓐20035,3083,93474113,719488583,15821551520045,3183,90573143,713487583,152192419ꆡꆡ쇏살풴:죕놾ퟜ컱쪡춳볆뻖ꆶ샍뚯솦뗷닩ꆷ(2004쓪ꋙ)룄뇠31듳뛠쫽뢾얮믮풾퓚튽쇆뫍짧믡뢣샻믺릹룚캻짏볡쫘퓚볒춥ꆱ헢훖맛쓮뷏틔잰떭쒮(죕놾훆뚩쇋쓐얮2004쓪뗄뢾얮맍펶샍뚯솦캪20203췲죋,뇈2003맍펶믺믡뻹뗈램,맺볒뫍ퟔ훎췅쳥뾪햹쇋룷훖룷퇹뗄쓪퓶볓26췲죋,햼좫쳥맍폃헟뗄뇈싊캪4111%ꆣ듓맍캪쪵쿖쓐얮릲춬닎폫짧믡붨짨뗄믮뚯),뿉쫇,뮹닐쇴펶헟뗄쓪쇤닣살맛달,웤훐25ꆫ29쯪뗄캪ퟮ뛠,캪ퟅ뎤웚틔살뗄ꆰ쓐ퟓ퓚췢,뢾얮퓚볒ꆱ뗄럢붨짧믡틢290췲죋,햼뢾얮맍펶ퟜ쫽뗄1312%ꆣ웤듎쫇50ꆫ54쪶ꆣ(2)죕놾짧믡뗄볒컱샍뚯뮯짐늻쓜듯떽럇뎣쇮죋쯪,캪263췲죋,햼뢾얮맍펶ퟜ쫽뗄1119%ꆣ싺틢뗄돌뛈,쳘뇰쫇폗뛹풰뗈뗄짨훃늻ퟣ,쪹뢾얮늻뢾얮쏇퓚죧쿂뗄탐튵훐,랢믓쇋뫜듳뗄ퟷ폃ꋙꆣ뗃늻샫횰퓚볒헕뾴퇸폽몢ퟓꆣ(3)ퟷ캪튻볒횮뎤뗄쓐(1)엺랢뫍쇣쫛탐튵캪487췲죋,햼뢾얮맍폃ퟜ쫽뗄ퟓ쏇뎤쪱볤뗄뎬뢺뫉릤ퟷ,컞솦럖떣볒컱샍뚯,룼컞2211%ꆣ(2)튽쇆ꆢ짧믡뢣샻믺릹ꆢ훆퓬튵뫍럾컱탔램돐떣헕맋몢ퟓ뗄볒춥럖릤뗄퓰죎,튲룸뢾얮퓶쳭쇋탐튵뗈4훖샠탍뗄햼6915%ꆣ퓚냼삨쓐ퟓ퓚쓚뗄좫늿톹솦ꆣ(4)평폚뎤웚탎돉뗄쟚럜뗄샍뚯맛,뢾얮퓚쪵맍폃헟훐,뢾얮쯹햼뗄뇈싊캪ퟮ룟뗄쫇튽쇆뫍짧믡뢣볊릤ퟷ훐폫쓐ퟓ춬퇹,볡돖룟킧싊뫍룟잿뛈뗄닙ퟷ,샻믺릹,캪7913%ꆣ쪹뗃쯽쏇믘볒뫳퓙컞뺫솦볦맋헕뾴몢ퟓ뫍볒컱뗈ꆣ듓죎횰쟩뿶살뾴,듓쫂쫂컱탔릤ퟷ뗄뢾얮캪715뛾ꆢ죕놾뢾얮뗄샍뚯뮷뺳췲죋,햼뢾얮맍폃헟뗄뇈싊ퟮ듳,캪2211%ꆣ웤듎쫇랴펳죕놾뢾얮짧믡뺭볃뗘캻뗄룟뗍,뮹쓜듓쫇럱듓쫂튵벼쫵릤ퟷꆢ놣낲뫍럾컱탔탐튵뗄ꆣ듓뚯첬맛쪵탐쓐얮춬릤춬돪훆,벰뢾얮퓙듎뻍튵뗄틗쓑뛈뗈랽달,뢾얮듓쫂튵벼쫵릤ퟷ뗄뇈싊퓚늻뛏뗘짏짽ꆣ쏦뗄폐맘뢾얮뗄샍뚯뮷뺳살뷸탐뫢솿ꆣ듳뛠쫽뢾얮믮풾퓚튽쇆뫍짧믡뢣샻룚캻짏,듓쫂11쓐얮놨돪늻욽뗈ퟅ뇈뷏쫊뫏뢾얮짺샭쳘뗣뗄퓚쳥솦짏쿠뛔쟡쯉뗄릤ퟷ,듓룟훐ꆢ듳톧뇏튵뫳뗚튻쓪뗄놨돪쫕죫살뾴,쓐헢킩뛠짙랴펳쇋평폚쓐얮짺샭짏뗄닮뇰쯹탎돉뗄듳훂얮볤놨돪쿠닮짵캢ꋙ:룟훐뇏튵짺횮뇈캪9413%,듳뗄짧믡럖릤ꆣ쇭췢튲듓닠쏦랴펳쇋뷸죫샏쓪짧믡뗄죕톧컄뿆뇏튵짺듓쫂컄풱횰튵뗄횮뇈캪9515%,듳톧벼놾헽뎯ퟅ캪붨짨튻룶뢣샻맺볒뛸얬솦뗄춬쪱,폖캪짧쫵튵뇏튵짺횮뇈캪9613%,뚼럖뇰뇈잰튻쓪폐쇋쯵믡샍뚯솦뗄뫏샭낲업뒴퓬돶쇋탭뛠쫊뫏뢾얮릤ퟷ뗄룚킡ꆣ뿉쫇쯦ퟅ릤쇤뗄퓶뎤,쓐얮볤놨돪뗄쟸뇰뻍뇤뗃캻ꆣ뫜쏷쿔쇋ꆣ뻝춳볆(쟫닎헕뇭2ꆶ죕놾쓐얮샍뚯헟뗄욽41뢾얮뻍튵탎첬뢴퓓,뫜뻟쇩믮탔뻹쪵볊릤횧뢶쟩뿶뇈뷏ꆷ),2004쓪뗄뢾얮튻냣샍뚯룷쓪쇤닣뗄뢾얮샍뚯뇈싊ꆣ뢾얮뻍튵쓪쇤닣뗄뇈헟(욽뻹쓪쇤3813쯪,욽뻹솬탸릤쇤910쓪)뗄맦뚨싊럖뇰캪ꋙ:25ꆫ29쯪뗄캪7410%,45ꆫ49쯪뗄캪횧뢶욽뻹퓂쿖뷰릤캪24117췲죕풲ꆣ쿠떱폚쓐ퟓ뗄7310%,30ꆫ34쯪뗄캪6114%ꆣ웤훐,30ꆫ34쯪뗄쓪6517%(쓐ퟓ뗄캪36177췲죕풲),쓪뛈붱뷰벰웤쯻쳘쇤닣캪뢾얮짺뛹폽얮룟럥쪱웚,폐3816%뗄뢾얮샫횰뇰뷲쳹뗄횧뢶쿮쒿,쿔쪾쇋뢾얮욽뻹캪60118췲죕풲,ퟶ볒춥훷뢾ꆣ횻쿠떱폚쓐ퟓ뗄5913%(쓐ퟓ뗄캪101146췲죕풲)ꆣ죕놾죋붫룷쓪쇤닣뗄뢾얮샍뚯탎첬탎쿳뗘폃M탍뇭2랴펳쇋죕놾샍뚯헟뗄욽뻹쪵볊릤횧뢶쟩뿶ꆣ살뇈폷ꆣ벴25ꆫ29쯪ꆢ45ꆫ49쯪뗄쓪쇤닣럖뇰캪뻍튵쓐얮볤뗄놨돪뗄닮뇰,쳞돽웤쯻틲쯘,헢늻뗃늻룟럥,30ꆫ34쯪뗄쓪쇤닣캪뻍튵뗍마,짺뛹폽얮룟럥돐죏웤훐폐평폚쓐얮뗄솬탸릤쇤뗄늻춬쯹퓬돉뗄튻킩쪱웚뷡쫸뫳뗄퓙뻍튵폖듓뗍마쿲룟럥믘짽ꆣM탍뗄샍풭틲냉ꆣ죕놾쪽뗄뺭펪랽쪽횮튻쫇릤쇤릤훆ꆣ헢훖뚯탎첬,탎쿳뗘랴펳쇋죕놾뢾얮뻍튵ힴ뿶뗄뢴퓓탔뫍릤쇤릤훆뛔냗쇬릤뫍삶쇬릤살쮵,평폚톧샺짏뗄닮쇩믮탔ꆣ뇰쯹탎돉뗄릤싔폐닮뇰틔췢(늻춬톧샺뗄춬튻쓪쇤틔짏뗄뢾얮뻍튵탎첬뗄쳘뗣,튲듓쇭튻닠쏦랴펳뗄횰릤퓚릤짏탎돉뗄닮뇰튻냣뫜킡),릤쫇쯦ퟅ횰쇋죕놾짧믡뢣샻훆뛈뗄늻붡좫쯹퓬돉뗄튻늿럖뢾얮늻릤뗄릤쇤뗄퓶뎤뛸쳡룟뗄ꆣ뗃늻쇙쪱샫횰ퟶ볒춥뢾얮뗄컞쓎횮뒦ꆣ헢킩훷튪랴펳틔짏뗄룷쓪쇤닣뗄뢾얮샍뚯뇈싊뗄럖컶,쿔쪾돶퓚:(1)쯤쮵1970쓪뫳,ꆰ쓐ퟓ퓚릤ퟷ룚캻짏,뢾얮평폚죕놾뢾얮짺뛹폽얮룟럥쪱웚뗄쇙쪱샫횰,틔벰뢾ꆪ52ꆪ' 1994-2006 China Academic Journal Electronic Publishing House. All rights reserved.
얮짺뛹폽얮룟럥쪱웚뷡쫸뫳뗄퓙뻍튵쯹퓬돉뗄뇤뮯,뇈,뿉뗃돶뢾얮킡쪱릤샍뚯헟뗄쫕죫벰뗘캻뒦폚짧믡쪹뗃뢾얮샍뚯헟뗄욽뻹솬탸릤쇤풶뗍폚쓐ퟓ,뒦폚늻ퟮ뗗닣헢퇹튻룶뷡싛ꆣ샻뗄뗘캻ꆣ쯹틔,헢훖샍뚯훆뛈뿉틔쮵펭뫏쇋죔쫇즫죽ꆢ뢾얮퓙뻍튵쿖ힴ닊뫜얨뗄틔쓐ퟓ캪훐탄뗄죕놾짧믡뗄탨쟳ꆣ뻝춳볆뢾얮퓙뻍튵,쫇횸뢾얮캪쇋뷡믩ꆢ짺뛹폽얮ꆢ믲(쟫닎헕뇭2ꆶ죕놾쓐얮샍뚯헟뗄욽뻹쪵볊릤횧뢶쟩퓚볒뮤샭뮼늡샏죋뗈풭틲쇙쪱샫횰뫳,퓙듎뗄뷸죫짧뿶뇈뷏ꆷ),쳞돽쇙쪱킡쪱릤뗄틲쯘,2004쓪뢾얮샍뚯믡샍뚯솦쫐뎡ꆣ헟뗄욽뻹솬탸릤쇤캪910쓪,솬탸릤쇤10쓪틔짏뗄햼11뢾얮뗄퓙뻍튵틢쪶3516%ꆣ튲뻍쫇쮵,횻폐풼캪1/3뗄뢾얮샍뚯헟뗄솬뺡맜죕놾뢾얮퓚뷡믩짺ퟓ믲퓚볒헕맋쓪샏뮼헟쪱탸릤쇤캪10쓪틔짏,뛸쓐ퟓ뗄욽뻹솬탸릤쇤캪1314쇙쪱샫횰췋돶샍뚯솦쫐뎡,뿉쫇냼삨퇸폽펤뛹웚퓚쓚쓪ꆣ뗄뢾얮뗄뻍튵풸췻뮹쫇쿠떱룟뗄ꆣ뻝춳볆쫽뻝쿔쪾ꋙ,ꆡ뇭2ꆡ죕놾쓐얮샍뚯헟뗄욽뻹쪵볊릤횧뢶쟩뿶뇈뷏2002쓪15쯪틔짏죋뿚쯹햼뗄샍뚯솦뇈싊캪4719%,욽뻹쓪쇤욽뻹솬쪵볊횧웤쯻탸릤쇤쳘뇰뷲쳹(쯪뢶릤맦뚨릤붱뷰벰퓚냼삨폐튵헟뫍컞튵헟퓚쓚뗄좫쳥쫊쇤뗄뢾얮샍뚯헟)(췲풪)훐,폐뻍튵틢쿲뗄햼떽쇋7911%,뷓뷼냋돉ꆣ(쓪)(췲풪)(췲풪)ퟜ쫽퓚웞ퟓ컞튵헟뷗닣훐,듓쾣췻뻍튵뗄뇈싊살뾴,40141211331023011689116뢾얮3813910241172215660118폐몢ퟓ볒춥뗄웞ퟓ,뇈맢쫇럲웞2죋뗄볒춥,쾣췻뻍쓐ퟓ411313143617733139101146튵뗄풸췻튪룟ꆣ튲뻍쫇쮵,평폚뺭볃틲쯘,폐몢ퟓ볒ꆡꆡ쇏살풴:룹뻝죕놾뢱샻샍뚯늿ꆶ릤릹퓬믹놾춳볆뗷춥뗄웞ퟓ뗄퓙뻍튵풸췻쎻쓜뗃떽싺ퟣꆣ닩ꆷ(2004쓪)룹뻝죕놾막럝폐쿞릫쮾AIDEM뗄폐맘볆쪱쇙쪱릤뻍튵ힴ뿶뗄뗷닩뷡맻ꋙ,틔퇸폽헕뾴펤뛹캪풵평뗄뢾얮21엓듳뗄뢾얮쇙쪱릤뛓컩듓뢾얮샍뚯헟뗄맍펶탎첬살뾴ꋙ,뎤웚맍펶뗄캪샫횰헟훐,ퟮ킡뗄몢ퟓ죫킡톧잰,쾣췻ퟶ8킡쪱/쳬틔쿂뗄킡쪱릤;떽쇋몢ퟓ뷸죫훐톧뫳,쾣췻ퟶꆰ폐퓰1,702췲죋,햼럇얩쇖튵얮탔맍펶ퟜ쫽뗄7718%ꆣ쇙쪱맍펶뗄캪422췲죋,햼ퟜ쫽뗄1913%ꆣ틔쳬캪볆쯣죎ꆱ,믲ꆰ좫횰뗄헽쪽릤ꆱ뗄듯떽70%ꆣ떥캻뗄쇙쪱맍펶뗄캪63췲죋,햼ퟜ쫽뗄219%ꆣ웤훐퓙듓폐럱몢ퟓ뗄웞ퟓ맍펶헟살뾴,쎻폐몢ퟓ볒춥,뎤웚맍펶뗄뇈2003쓪퓶볓쇋113%ꆣ튲뻍쫇쮵,쇙쪱뗄웞ퟓ캪3111%,폐몢ퟓ볒춥뗄웞ퟓ캪4419%ꆣ늢맍펶헟뫍틔쳬캪볆쯣떥캻뗄쇙쪱맍펶헟뗄ퟜ쫽캪485쟒,듓펵폐몢ퟓ뗄쫽ퟖ살뾴,폐뛠룶몢ퟓ뗄볒춥뗄웞췲죋ퟓ뗄맍펶쫽,튪룟폚횻폐1룶몢ퟓ볒춥뗄웞ퟓ뗄맍펶,햼뢾얮샍뚯헟뗄맍펶ퟜ쫽뗄2212%ꆣ헢횧엓듳뗄쇙쪱릤뛓컩,튻랽쏦랴펳쇋죕놾뢾얮쫽ꋙꆣ뻍튵탎첬뗄쇩믮탔,튲듓쇭튻랽쏦쿔쪾쇋헢늿럖뢾얮틔짏뗄뗷닩튲랴펳쇋죕놾뢾얮뗄뗚2듎ꆰ뢴쯦쪱믡헐훂쪧튵삧뺳뗄늻낲뚨뗄뻍튵ힴ뿶ꆣ돶ꆱꆪꆪꆪ퓙뻍튵풸췻뗄룟뗍돌뛈듳훂짏쫇평쯹뢧퇸뗄31뒦폚짧믡ퟮ뗗닣뗄뢾얮킡쪱릤샍뚯헟몢ퟓ뗄뛠맑헢튻뺭볃틲쯘살뻶뚨뗄ꆣ튲뻍쫇쮵,쯹뢧2004쓪뗄뢾얮럇얩쇖튵맍펶헟20146췲죋훐퇸뗄몢ퟓ풽뛠,뺭볃뢺떣뻍풽훘,뢾얮뗄뻍튵풸췻뻍,튻훜릤ퟷ짙폚35킡쪱뗄틔샍뚯쪱볤볆쯣놨돪뗄뢾얮킡쪱풽잿ꆣ릤샍뚯헟캪857췲죋(웤훐튻늿럖캪틔짏쯹쮵뗄쇙쪱21뢾얮뗄퓙뻍튵삧뺳맍펶헟),뇈2003쓪복짙쇋4췲죋뻝21쫀볍횰튵닆췅쯹뷸탐뗄ꆶ폐맘뢾얮샍뚯헟뗄,튻훜릤ퟷ뛠폚35쪱볤뗄캪1,285췲죋,뇈잰쓪퓶볓쇋34췲죋ꆣ듋샠듽폶뗄뗷닩ꆷ뗄뷡맻살뾴,캪쇋죃뢾얮쓜룼뫃뗘돖탸샍뚯헟쯹햼뢾얮맍펶죋쫽뗄뇈싊캪3919%,뇈잰쓪복릤ퟷ,튪쟳릫쮾뛔폚릤ퟷ짏쿭폐폐맘춬뗈뗄믺믡뫍듽짙018%ꋙꆣ폶,튪쟳퓚짺뛹폽얮,퓚볒헕맋쓪샏뗄뮼헟룸폨뗄쪱뫍뢾얮튻냣샍뚯헟쯹맦뚨뗄릤쿠뇈,뢾얮킡쪱볤짏뗄헕맋뗄듯떽쇋3512%,튪쟳쓐얮욽뗈듽폶뗄캪릤샍뚯헟뗄릤뗍솮훷튪랴펳퓚:(1)룹뻝ꆶ릤릹3210%,뚼쿔쪾쇋볦맋볒춥폫릤ퟷꆰ솽늻컳ꆱ뗄컊쳢퓬믹놾춳볆뗷닩ꆷ뗄뷡맻ꋙ,뢾얮킡쪱릤샍뚯헟뗄릤짏,웚듽ퟅ쯹룸폫뗄헾닟짏뗄헕맋뫍뫏샭낲업ꆣ,쎿튻킡쪱쯹맦뚨뗄캪904죕풲,쯤쮵뇈잰튻쓪퓶쇭뻝죕놾샍뚯헾닟퇐뺿믺릹쯹뷸탐뗄폐맘ꆰ샍뚯볓쇋11죕풲,뿉내뢾얮샍뚯헟맦뚨뗄욽뻹릤캪100헟뗄샍뚯믽벫탔벰맍폃맜샭뗄펦폐뗄ힴ첬뗄뗷닩ꆱ뷡볆쯣뗄뮰,뢾얮킡쪱릤샍뚯헟뗄릤뻍캪6517(폫잰맻,폐3119%뗄뢾얮맍폃샍뚯헟,쳡돶쇋ꆰ뛔폚짺뛹튻쓪돖욽),튲뻍쮵,횻쿠떱폚욽뻹릤쇤캪910쓪뗄뢾폽얮ꆢ퓚볒뮤샭뮼늡샏죋뗄횰릤쯹룸폨뗄믽벫뗄횧얮헽쪽(뎤웚)샍뚯헟뗄6517%ꆣ(2)뢾얮킡쪱릤샍돖ꆱꆢ벰ꆰ훘쫓쓐얮욽뗈듽폶ꆱ뗄튪쟳ꆣ뚯헟벸뫵늻쓜뗃떽붱뷰벰웤쯻뗄쳘뇰뷲쳹ꆣ듋췢,폐3318%뗄뢾얮튻냣샍뚯헟쾣췻ꆰ릫쮾뗄짏쫶뗄뇈뷏럖컶,뿉뾴돶뢾얮킡쪱릤샍뚯헟뗄릤뻍튵탎첬폐쯹룄뇤ꆱ뗄샭평훐,3516%뗄쾣췻룉ꆰ볒튪풶뗍폚뢾얮튻냣샍뚯헟뗄맦뚨릤,뢾얮튻냣샍춥뫍웤쯻짺믮솽늻컳ꆱ뗄릤ퟷꆣ쇙쪱뢾얮맍펶헟뗄뚯헟뗄맦뚨횧뢶욽뻹퓂쿖뷰릤ꆢ붱뷰벰웤쯻쳘뇰뷲5018%놧풹ꆰ릤첫뗍ꆱ,2715%뗄튪쟳헒튻럝낲뚨뗄쳹뗄횧뢶튪풶뗍폚쓐ퟓ튻냣샍뚯헟ꆣ틲듋,폫쓐ퟓ쿠릤ퟷꆣꆪ53ꆪ' 1994-2006 China Academic Journal Electronic Publishing House. All rights reserved.
뻝죕놾뢣샻샍뚯늿맘폚횰튵낲뚨튵컱춳볆뗄뗷닩,컞튵뢾얮쳡릩쇋튻뚨뗄컯훊놣헏ꆣ뢾얮뗄뻍튵싊(폐킧쟳횰헟쫽쯹햼뗄뻍튵볾쫽뗄뇈31틔짏뗄럖컶튲듓튻룶닠쏦랴펳쇋죕놾뢾얮볛횵싊),1993쓪뢾얮튻냣샍뚯헟캪413%ꆢ쇙쪱킡쪱릤캪맛뗄뛠퇹뮯ꆣ튲뻍쫇쮵,죕놾뢾얮뗄쪵볊뻍튵ힴ뿶,911%,떽쇋2003쓪뢾얮튻냣샍뚯헟캪414%,쇙쪱킡늢럇뚼평볒춥뢺떣뗄쟡훘쯹ퟳ폒뗄ꆣ헽쫇평폚뷡믩쇋쪱릤뻍튵싊폐쇋뫜듳뗄쳡룟캪1210%ꆣ뫍10쓪잰쿠뇈뗄뢾얮뗃떽쇋튻뚨뗄컯훊놣헏,튻늿럖틑믩뗄뢾얮뷏,쇙쪱킡쪱릤뗄뻍튵싊폐쇋룄짆;뛸35쯪틔짏쓪쇤(컞몢ퟓ볒춥뗄웞ퟓ뗄맍펶쫽뷶캪3111%)벴쪹쎻폐짺닣뗄뢾얮튻냣샍뚯헟뗄뻍튵뮷뺳,벸뫵쎻폐뗃떽죎뫎뛹폽얮뗈뗄볒춥뢺떣,튲뿉틔ퟔ평ퟔ퓚뗘쿭쫜볒춥뢾룄뇤ꆣ늢쟒,뻝1998쓪죕놾샍뚯믺릹쯹뷸탐뗄쟳횰헟얮뗄ꆰ컞튵ꆱ뗄샖좤ꆣ뗷닩뗄뷡맻살뾴ꋙ,ퟷ캪헽쪽뢾얮튻냣샍뚯헟뗄슼폃싊41폫컒맺뢾얮뻍튵탎쪽쿠뇈,죕놾뢾얮뻍튵탎쪽캪3212%ꆣ퓚듋,쳘뇰쫇횵뗃힢틢뗄쫇:30쯪쓪쇤닣뗄뢴퓓탔뫍쇩믮탔훐튲듦퓚ퟅ죧쿂뗄뫏샭틲쯘ꆣ(1)뗄뢾얮퓙뻍튵싊뫜뗍,늢쟒,듋쓪쇤닣뗄뢾얮뎤웚쪧뫏샭낲업쓐얮뗄짺샭닮뇰쯹퓬돉뗄뻍튵삧쓑ꆣ(2)듓튵뗄뇈싊튲뫜룟ꆣ쪵볊돶랢,훆뚨쇋룷훖뻍튵훆뛈살맄샸뢾얮짺폽ꆢ늢평폚짺뛹폽얮쯹샫횰뗄뢾얮훐,뛸뫳ퟷ캪헽쪽뢾캪웤퓚볒짺뛹폽얮뫍뮤샭뮼늡샏죋뗈랽쏦쳡릩랽뇣,얮튻냣샍뚯헟뗄퓙듎뻍튵헟캪쫽뷏짙ꆣ뻝춳볆,틔잰웤쒿뗄볈쓜캪맺볒럖떣횰퓰,폖쓜복쟡맺볒뛔췐뛹쯹캪헽쪽뢾얮튻냣샍뚯헟짭럝뗄평폚틔짏풭틲샫횰뗄,뫍튽풺뗈뗄닆헾뢣샻늹쳹횧돶ꆣ퓙듎뻍튵쪱,쓋캪헽쪽횰릤뗄햼2911%,뛸럇헽쪽횰51퓚뢾얮퓙뻍튵컊쳢짏,듓탅쾢쫽뻝웫좫랽쏦살릤헟햼떽쇋7019%ꆣ늢쟒,샫횰웚볤풽뎤,퓙듎뻍튵뾴,죕놾훘쫓폐맘뗄쫽뻝뗷닩탅쾢뗄쫕벯,헽믽벫뗘헟돉캪헽쪽횰릤뗄뇈싊뻍풽뗍ꆣ퇐뺿뫍컼쫕얷훞쿈뷸맺볒뗄뺭퇩,ퟅ쫖룄뷸놾맺뗄뢾틔짏,쯤쮵폐뫜뛠뗄뢾얮쾣췻틔볒춥짺믮뫍웤쯻얮짧믡뺭볃뗘캻ꆣ믮뚯솽랽쏦뚼쓜뗃떽헕맋뗄쳵볾쿂ퟷ캪헽쪽뢾얮튻냣61죕놾헾뢮퓚늻뛏퓶볓짧믡뢣샻횧돶ꆢ맄샸듳톧샍뚯헟뗄룱퓙듎뻍튵,뿉쪵볊짏,헽헦쓜쪵쿖웤풸뫍횰튵톧킣짨훃탂뗄폐맘뢣샻톧뿆뗄춬쪱,캪뢾얮쳡췻뗄튲늻쫇쓇쎴죝틗,폈웤쫇틔짺뛹폽얮캪샭평샫횰릩룼뛠뗄뢣샻믺릹뗄릤ퟷ룚캻ꆣ뷼쓪살,죕놾붫짧믡뗄뢾얮,퓚쪵쿖퓙뻍튵캪횹잰뗄뗈듽웚볤튲쫇쿠떱뎤믹뒡짨쪩(infrastructure)헢튻떥듊듓맽좥뗄뗀슷ꆢ쳺뗄ꆣ뗀ꆢ룛췥ꆢ쮮뿢뗈뗄닺튵믹뒡뗄짧믡놾뗄뷢쫍틢틥쯄ꆢ뷡싛퇓짬캪,톧킣ꆢ튽풺ꆢ릫풰ꆢ짧믡뢣샻짨쪩뗈짺믮맘틔짏뗄럖컶,컒쏇뿉틔뗃돶죧쿂뗄뷡싛:솪뗄짧믡놾ꆣ듓헢튻틢틥짏살쮵,죕놾헽얬솦뎯ퟅ11퓚쓐얮춬릤춬돪뫍퓙뻍튵랽쏦,죕놾뢾얮쯹뒦뢣샻듳맺싵뷸ꆣ뗄짧믡뺭볃뗘캻뗄뗍쿂,폫웤쫀뷧뗚2뺭볃듳맺뗄뗘[힢ꆡ쫍]캻늻쿠돆ꆣ죕놾헾뢮풤볆,듓2006쓪웰죋뿚퓶볓듓룟ꋙ뫱짺샍뚯쪡ꆶ욽돉16쓪냦ꆡ뢾얮샍뚯쪵볊ힴ뿶ꆷ욽럥뒦랴떯,샍뚯죋뿚뾪쪼돶쿖복짙ꆣ폚쫇,뢾얮뻍튵돉17쓪3퓂28죕 펢ퟓ.뢾얮뗄샍뚯짧믡\[M\].뺢닝쫩랿,죕놾죋뗄룟릤쫕죫퓚쫀뷧짏튲쫇쟼횸뿉쫽뗄,틲듋,1995.퓚헉럲맍폃뗃떽놣헏뗄잰쳡쿂,벴쪹떱뢾얮쏇짺쇋1-\[2\]죕놾뺭볃탂컅짧.튻죕쇋좻ꆪꆪꆪ릫쮾뗄릹퓬\[M\].3룶몢ퟓ,럅웺룶죋뗄ꆰ죚죫짧믡ꆱ뫍쓐ퟓ릲춬뺺헹,죕놾뺭볃탂컅짧,2000.쪵쿖ꆰퟔ컒ퟰ훘ꆱ뗄믺믡,늻뗃늻샫횰퓚볒헕맋몢ퟓ\[3\]벪쳯뫍쓐.뷢쏷ꆪꆪꆪ죕놾뺭펪쾵춳\[M\].죕놾뺭볃쪱,짺믮쮮욽쯤폐쯹쿂붵,떫늻훂폚쿝죫짺믮욶삧쿟탂컅짧,2000.헢튻뺭볃컯훊쳵볾캪잰쳡뗄,튲뻍쫇쮵,퓚쒳훖돌뛈\[4\]쇖헽쫷.죕놾뺭펪뗄뷸뮯\[M\].쮰컱믡볆킭믡,짏뷡쇋믩ꆢ믲짺뛹폽얮뗄뢾얮퓚튻뚨돌뛈짏뚼뗃떽쇋1998.뺭볃놣헏ꆣ쇭췢,죕놾뗄듳릫쮾캪뢾얮엤얼헟횧뢶볒\[5\]낲횦펢ꆡ.쓐얮맍펶믺믡뻹뗈램뫍죋쫂맜샭죋닄믮쫴늹쳹벰퇸샏뷰뗈놣쿕,튲룸뷡믩쇋뗄믲짺뛹폽얮뗄폃\[M\].(막럝릫쮾)뺭볃램쇮퇐뺿믡,1998.[퓰죎뇠벭:탬뺲ꆡ]ꆪ54ꆪ' 1994-2006 China Academic Journal Electronic Publishing House. All rights reserved.
