山西财经大学硕士学位论文企业生态系统中的伙伴选择与评价姓名：张亚平申请学位级别：硕士专业：企业管理指导教师：史天林2008-09-25
햪튪?쯦ퟅ쫐뎡뮷뺳평컈뚨뗄뺲첬뮷뺳쿲뢴퓓뗄뚯첬뮷뺳ꎬ웳튵볤뗄뺺헹늻퓙횻쫇떥룶웳튵볤뗄뷏솿ꎬ뛸룼뛠뗄뇭쿖캪웳튵쯹퓚뗄웳튵췸싧횮볤뗄뾹뫢ꆣ폚쫇풽살풽뛠뗄웳튵퓚엠폽뫍랢햹ퟔ짭뫋탄쓜솦뗄춬쪱ꎬ튲룼볓맘힢웳튵쯹뒦뗄헻룶췸싧뗄릲춬랢햹뫍랱죙ꆣ뷼쓪살ꎬ웳튵뗄짺쏼쳘헷ꆢ웳튵짺첬폫짺컯짺첬뗄쿠쯆탔틑놻톧쫵뷧뫍쪵튵뷧맣랺죏춬ꎬ틲듋뷨훺짺첬톧믹놾풭샭ꎬ붫웳튵췸싧틾폷캪웳튵짺첬쾵춳뷸탐퇐뺿뻟폐훘튪뗄쿖쪵틢틥뫍톧쫵볛횵ꆣ놾컄퓚뛔웳튵짺첬쾵춳룅쓮ꆢ뷡릹벰웤릹붨맽돌뷸탐ퟜ뷡뗄믹뒡짏ꎬ붫쒿맢뻛붹폚웳튵짺첬쾵춳릹붨맽돌훐뗄믯냩톡퓱뮷뷚ꎬ좫쏦뛸짮죫뗘럖컶쇋믯냩톡퓱뗄훷쳥ꆢ훷튪펰쿬틲쯘벰톡퓱믺훆뗈컊쳢ꆣ쇭췢?뮹헫뛔쾵춳쓚웳튵믯냩볤뗄킭춬ힴ뿶움볛컊쳢뷸탐쇋뚨솿퇐뺿ꆣ?싛컄뗄훷튪쓚죝듳훂뿉럖캪틔쿂벸늿럖ꎺ?뗚튻헂ꎺ탷싛ꆣ볲튪닻쫶쇋맺쓚췢쿠맘퇐뺿뗄쿖ힴꎬ늢뛔퇐뺿쿖ힴퟶ돶움볛ꎬ횸돶퇐뺿훐듦퓚뗄죴룉컊쳢ꎬ좻뫳틀듎뛔싛컄뗄퇐뺿랽램ꆢ퇐뺿쓚죝ꆢ벼쫵슷쿟뫍뒴탂뗣ퟷ쇋볲튪쮵쏷ꆣ?뗚뛾헂ꎺ웳튵짺첬쾵춳풭샭ퟛ쫶ꆣ쫗쿈뷧뚨쇋웳튵짺첬쾵춳뗄룅쓮ꎬ웤듎듓늻춬뷇뛈믘맋웳튵짺첬쾵춳뗄뷡릹ꎻ퓙듎ꎬ볲튪닻쫶쇋릹붨웳튵짺첬쾵춳뗄튻냣맽돌ꎻퟮ뫳ꎬ뷴쟐싛컄퇐뺿훷쳢ꎬ쾵춳뗄ퟜ뷡쇋웳튵짺첬쾵춳돉풱볤맘쾵샭싛ꆪꆪ킭춬뷸뮯샭싛ꆣ??뗚죽헂ꎺ웳튵짺첬쾵춳릹붨맽돌훐뗄믯냩톡퓱ꆣ놾컄쯹퇐뺿뗄믯냩톡퓱뗄뿕볤랶캧뷶쿞폚뫋탄짺첬쾵춳ꎬ쪱볤랶캧퓲쫇웳튵짺첬쾵춳뗄릹붨맽돌ꆣ쫗쿈ꎬ듓믯냩톡퓱뗄훷쳥죫쫖ꎬ죏캪웳튵짺첬쾵춳뗄ꆰ뫋탄웳튵ꆱ펦돐떣뫋탄짺첬쾵춳웤쯻돉풱뗄톡퓱횰퓰ꆣ춬쪱ꎬ뮹ퟜ뷡돶쇋퓚믯냩톡퓱맽돌훐펦뾼싇뗄컥쿮훷튪틲쯘ꎻ좻뫳ꎬ쪹폃닣듎럖컶램ꎨ䅈?ꎩ뛔믯냩톡퓱믺훆뷸탐쇋뚨솿럖컶ꎬ럖컶맽돌냼삨닣듎럖컶램뗄풭샭뷩짜ꆢ믯냩톡퓱펦폃쪵샽벰쫽뻝뗄튻훂탔볬퇩ꎻퟮ 3
뫳ꎬ볲떥첽쳖쇋틑톡믯냩볤킭춬럧쿕뗄쪶뇰폫뿘훆ꆣ?뗚쯄헂ꎺ믯냩볤킭춬ힴ뿶움볛ꆣ본폚킭춬럧쿕뗄듦퓚ꎬ뫋탄웳튵탫붨솢쾵춳돉풱볤킭춬ힴ뿶뗄움볛쳥훆ꎬ틔뇣벰쪱랢쿖폫뷢뻶돉풱볤뗄킭춬컊쳢ꆣ놾헂헫뛔쯹퇐뺿컊쳢뗄쳘뗣ꎬ톡좡쇋쒣뫽ퟛ뫏움볛램ퟷ캪뚨솿럖컶랽램ꎬ붨솢쇋뛠벶쒣뫽움볛쒣탍ꎬ쪹쾵춳돉풱볤킭춬ힴ뿶뗄움볛뗃틔쪵쿖ꆣ쇭췢ꎬ퓚붨쒣맽돌훐ꎬ퓙듎쪹폃쇋닣듎럖컶램ꎬ릹퓬돶믯냩볤킭춬ힴ뿶ퟛ뫏움볛횸뇪쳥쾵ꎬ뛔ힼ퓲닣폫횸뇪닣뻟쳥쿮쒿튻튻ퟷ돶뷢쫍ꎬ늢럖뇰뗃돶웤좨훘ꎬ캪쒣탍뗄붨솢ퟶ쇋믹놾뗄쫽뻝ힼ놸ꆣ?뗚컥헂ꎺ뷡싛ꆣ뛔좫컄퇐뺿ퟶ튻룶볲떥뗄ퟜ뷡ꎬ쇭췢퓲첽쳖쇋뷸튻늽짮죫퇐뺿뗄랽쿲ꆣ??ꆾ맘볼듊ꆿ웳튵짺첬쾵춳†킭춬뷸뮯샭싛†믯냩톡퓱†킭춬ힴ뿶??????????????? 4
Abstract With the market environment into a complex and dynamic from the stable and static, the competition is no only a single game between enterprises, and more for the performance of the battle between corporate networks. Therefore, more and more enterprises pay more attention to the common development and prosperity of the entire network, while they nurture and develop their core competitiveness. In recent years, the life characteristic which the enterprise takes on and the comparability between enterprise ecology and biology ecology have recognized by academic circles and industrial community, so it is of great realistic significance and academic value to study enterprise network which is compared to business ecosystem by adopting ecological theories. On the basis of recalling the concept, structure and the process of building an enterprise ecosystem, this paper focuses on the partner selection link, and comprehensively and in-depth analyzes the subject of the partner selection, major effect factors and the selection mechanism. Besides, it belongs to our mechanism research that the system co-evaluation of among the members in the enterprise ecosystem. The main contents of the paper can be divided into the following components: Chapter I: Introduction. The general domestic and international researches on the current situation are described, evaluated in brief and some problems are pointed out. Then this chapter indicates research methods, research content, technology route and innovation points in turn. Chapter II: The summary of the enterprise ecosystem-related principles. First of all, define the concept of enterprise ecosystem, followed by recalls on the structure of the enterprise ecosystem from different angles. Then give the final summary on the general process of building an enterprise ecosystem. Lastly sum up coordination evolution theory, which is involved in relations between enterprise ecosystem members. Chapter III: The partner selection during the construction of an enterprise ecosystem. In this paper, the choice of partners in the study room is limited to the core ecosystem, and the time frame is the process of the enterprise ecosystem. Firstly, from the subject of the partner selection obtaining, the “core enterprise” undertakes the responsibility to select the other members in the core ecosystem. At the same time, there are five major factors considered in the process of partner selection; And then, use AHP to analyze the selection mechanism, including the principle, application and the data consistency test. Finally, simply discuss how to identify and control the coordination risks. Chapter IV: Co-evaluation of the coordination condition between partners. In view of the co-risk, the core enterprise should set up the co-evaluation between members in order to identify and address the issue of coordination. First, this chapter, based on the characteristics of the problem, 5
uses a fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method as the quantitative analysis method. Then establish a multi-level fuzzy evaluation model so that the co-evaluation come on in reality. Simultaneously, during the modeling, AHP is used again to structure the comprehensive evaluation index system. In addition, indicators-specific projects are explained one by one, and come to its weight, which prepare the basic data for the model establishment. Chapter V: Conclusion. For the research of the full text do a simple conclusion, and made further study direction. ꆾKey wordsꆿ Enterprise ecosystem; Co-evoluation theory; Partner selection; Coordination condition 6
?즽컷닆뺭듳톧?톧캻싛컄풭뒴탔짹쏷? 놾죋횣훘짹쏷ꎺ쯹돊붻뗄톧캻싛컄ꎬ쫇놾죋퓚떼쪦뗄횸떼쿂ꎬ뛀솢뷸탐퇐뺿릤ퟷ쯹좡뗃뗄돉맻ꆣ돽컄훐틑뺭힢쏷틽폃뗄쓚죝췢ꎬ놾싛컄늻냼몬죎뫎웤쯻룶죋믲벯쳥틑뺭랢뇭믲킴맽뗄ퟷ욷돉맻ꆣ뛔놾컄뗄퇐뺿쯹ퟶ돶훘튪릱쿗뗄룶죋뫍벯쳥ꎬ뻹틑퓚컄훐틔쏷좷랽쪽뇪쏷ꆣ놾죋췪좫틢쪶떽놾짪쏷뗄램싉뷡맻평놾죋돐떣ꆣ? 톧캻싛컄ퟷ헟잩쏻ꎺ 죕웚ꎺ 쓪 퓂 죕 1
?즽컷닆뺭듳톧?톧캻싛컄냦좨쪹폃쫚좨쫩? 놾톧캻싛컄ퟷ헟췪좫쇋뷢톧킣폐맘놣맜ꆢ쪹폃톧캻싛컄뗄맦뚨ꎬ춬틢톧킣놣쇴늢쿲맺볒폐맘늿쏅믲믺릹쯍붻싛컄뗄뢴펡볾뫍뗧ퟓ냦ꎬ퓊탭싛컄놻닩퓄뫍뷨퓄ꆣ놾죋쫚좨즽컷닆뺭듳톧뿉틔붫놾톧캻싛컄뗄좫늿믲늿럖쓚죝뇠죫폐맘쫽뻝뿢뷸탐볬쯷ꎬ뿉틔닉폃펰펡ꆢ쯵펡믲즨쏨뗈뢴훆쫖뛎놣듦뫍믣뇠놾톧캻싛컄ꆣ?놾톧캻싛컄쫴폚놣쏜ꇵꎬ늻놣쏜ꇵꆣ퓚 쓪뷢쏜뫳쫊폃놾쫚좨쫩ꆣ ꎨ쟫퓚틔짏랽뿲쓚듲ꆰꇌꆱꎩ????????????톧캻싛컄ퟷ헟잩쏻ꎺ††††††††?횸떼뷌쪦잩쏻ꎺ?죕웚ꎺ 쓪 퓂 죕 죕웚ꎺ 쓪 퓂 죕 2
웳튵짺첬쾵춳훐뗄믯냩톡퓱폫움볛 틽퇔?††뺭볃좫쟲뮯뗄볓쯙랢햹뫍횪쪶뺭볃쪱듺뗄떽살ꎬ쪹웳튵쏦쇙ퟅ튻룶랢짺쇋뻞듳뇤뮯뗄웳튵짺첬뮷뺳ꆣퟔ㈰쫀볍㠰쓪듺틔살ꎬ폈웤쫇탂쫀볍횮돵ꎬ웳튵뺭펪뮷뺳틑듓맽좥쿠뛔컈뚨뗄뺲첬뮷뺳쿲죕틦뢴퓓뛠뇤뫍돤싺늻좷뚨탔뗄뚯첬뮷뺳ꎬ샽죧ꎺ쫀뷧랶캧뗄뺺헹쪹닺욷짺쏼훜웚풽살풽뛌ꎬ탐튵뇚생뗄훰늽떹쯺ꎬ맋뿍뗄탨쟳죕틦뛠퇹뮯뗈ꆣ쏦뛔죧듋뢴퓓뛠뇤뗄뚯첬뮷뺳ꎬ풽살풽뛠뗄웳튵틀삵폚폫웤쿠맘뗄웳튵ꆢퟩ횯ꆢ룶쳥뗈ퟩ돉췸싧틔퓶잿ퟩ횯뺺헹솦ꆢ믱뗃돖탸뗄랢햹ꎬ헢튲듙쪹웳튵퓚엠폽뫍랢햹ퟔ짭뫋탄쓜솦뗄춬쪱ꎬ룼볓맘힢헻룶췸싧뗄릲춬랢햹뫍랱죙ꆣ춬쪱ꎬ웳튵뗄짺쏼쳘헷ꆢ웳튵짺첬폫짺컯짺첬뗄쿠쯆탔벺놻톧쫵뷧뫍쪵튵뷧죏뿉ꎬ틲듋뷨훺짺첬톧믹놾풭샭ꎬ붫웳튵췸싧틾폷돉웳튵짺첬쾵춳뷸탐퇐뺿뻟폐훘튪뗄쿖쪵틢틥뫍톧쫵볛횵ꆣ틲듋ꎬ쿖듺웳튵볤뗄뺺헹늻퓙쿱틔췹튻퇹횻쫇떥룶웳튵볤뗄뷏솿ꎬ뛸룼뛠뗘쟷쿲폚웳튵쯹퓚뗄웳튵짺첬쾵춳볤뗄헻쳥뾹뫢ꆣ웳튵뗄뺺헹햽싔횮쯹틔랢짺죧듋룄뇤ꎬ훷튪믹폚틔쿂벸뗣ꎺ튻쫇웳튵짺첬쾵춳쫇웳튵캪쫊펦탂뗄뚯첬뮷뺳뛸닉좡뗄탂뗄뺭펪샭쓮뫍뺺헹햽싔ꆣ쯼튪쟳웳튵뺭펪헟펦폐틢쪶뗘폫쾵춳쓚쿠맘웳튵ꆢퟩ횯ퟩ돉튻룶헻쳥ꎬ붫ퟔ짭뗄쏼퓋폫헻룶짺첬쾵춳뷴쏜솪쾵퓚튻웰ꎬ얬솦쪵쿖릲춬뷸뮯ꆣ뛾쫇웳튵짺첬쾵춳쫇튻훖쯉즢뗄췸싧ퟩ횯탎쪽ꆣ웤놾훊뻍퓚폚쾵춳돉풱웳튵춨맽폅쫆뮥늹ꆢ럧쿕릲떣ꎬ믱좡듳폚룷룶웳튵룷ퟔ샻틦ퟜ뫍뗄쾵춳킭춬샻죳ꆣ죽쫇붨솢웳튵짺첬쾵춳폐훺폚룷돉풱웳튵뗄뿉돖탸랢햹ꆣ튻룶쾵춳돉풱웳튵죴쿫믱좡쾵춳킭춬샻죳ꎬ뇘탫힢틢튪붫ퟔ벺폫캴살뗄랽쿲?평튻룶믲쫽룶뫋탄웳튵좷솢?뷡뫏웰살ꎬ릲춬춶폚캪맋뿍뒴퓬볛횵뗄맽돌훐ꎬ쪵쿖웳튵짺첬쾵춳뗄솼탔톭뮷ꎬ뷸뛸쪹헻룶웳튵짺첬쾵춳쮳샻뷸뮯ꎬ뿉돖탸랢햹ꆣ?뷼쓪살ꎬ컒맺퓚웳튵짺첬쾵춳샭싛퇐뺿랽쏦좡뗃쇋뷏듳뗄랢햹ꎬ떫폫랢듯맺볒쿠뇈ꎬ닮뻠뮹뫜듳ꎬ뮹뒦폚돵벶뷗뛎ꆣ웤뻟쳥뇭쿖캪퇐뺿뛔쿳듳뛠쫇뛔웳튵짺첬쾵춳뗄헻쳥퇐뺿ꎬ뛔쾵춳쓚늿캢맛랽쏦뗄퇐뺿뫜짙짦벰ꎻ퇐뺿랽램믹놾틔뚨탔럖컶캪훷뗈ꆣ헽쫇믹폚헢룶죏쪶ꎬ놾컄뛔웳튵짺첬쾵춳릹붨맽돌훐뗄믯냩톡퓱믺훆뫍믯냩볤뗄킭춬ힴ뿶움볛컊쳢뷸탐쇋짮죫퇐뺿ꆣ헢뛔컒맺웳튵짺첬쾵춳뗄랢햹뻟폐훘튪뗄샭싛횸떼틢틥뫍짮풶뗄쿖쪵틢틥ꆣ1
웳튵짺첬쾵춳훐뗄믯냩톡퓱폫움볛 뗚튻헂?탷싛?ㄮ?컊쳢뗄쳡돶?ㄮㄮㄠ맺쓚췢뛔웳튵짺첬쾵춳뗄퇐뺿쿖ힴ?ㄹ㤳쓪쏀맺훸쏻햽싔맜샭톧볒䩡浥猠䘮?䵯潲?ꋙ퓚ꆶ맾런짌튵움싛ꆷ짏쫗쿈쳡돶웳튵짺첬쾵춳뗄룅쓮ꎬ틔듋살쏨쫶ퟩ횯쯹뒦뗄뮷뺳ꎬ늢퓚ㄹ㤶쓪웤훸ꆶ뺺헹뗄쮥췶ꆷ훐룸폨쇋뚨틥ꎺ웳튵짺첬쾵춳쫇틔ퟩ횯뫍룶쳥뗄쿠뮥ퟷ폃캪믹뒡뗄뺭볃솪뫏쳥ꆣ헢훖뺭볃솪뫏쳥짺닺돶뛔쿻럑헟폐볛횵뗄닺욷뫍럾컱ꎬ쿻럑헟쫇짺첬쾵춳뗄돉풱ꆣ폐믺쳥돉풱뮹냼삨릩펦짌ꆢ훷튪짺닺헟ꆢ뺺헹헟뫍웤쯻럧쿕돐떣헟ꆣ춬쪱쯻뮹샻폃짺첬톧풭샭돵늽붨솢쇋웳튵짺첬쾵춳뗄샭싛뿲볜ꎬ횸돶죎뫎튻룶웳튵뚼펦폫웤쯹뒦웳튵짺첬쾵춳ꆰ릲춬뷸뮯ꆱꎬ뛸늻횻쫇뺺헹믲뫏ퟷꎬ믲떥룶웳튵뗄뷸뮯ꎬ쿔좻ꆰ릲춬뷸뮯ꆱ쫇룃샭싛뗄뫋탄ꎬ헢튻맛뗣뎬풽쇋뛔웳튵횮볤횻쫇ꆰ뫏ퟷ뺺헹ꆱ헢튻맘쾵뗄죏쪶ꆣ춨맽룟뿆벼낸샽릫쮾돉뎤맽돌뗄쏨쫶ꎬ쿲죋쏇햹쪾쇋뒦폚춬튻짌튵쾵춳훐뗄쿠뮥틀듦뗄ꆰ웳튵컯훖ꆱ뗄릲춬뷸뮯쿖쿳ꎬ틔벰헻룶웳튵짺첬쾵춳뗄뷸뮯맽돌ꎬ닻쏷쇋탂쪱듺웳튵뺺헹뗄뺺뫏램퓲ꎬ쏨쫶쇋웳튵짺첬쾵춳뗄짺쏼훜웚뷗뛎벰웤쇬떼닟싔ꆣ?쫜䩡浥?펰쿬ꎬ웳튵짺첬쾵춳샭싛뗃떽쇋맣랺뗄맘힢폫뒫능ꆣ卵測呡渠卥?ꋚ⠱㤹㘩붫ퟔ좻짺첬쾵춳풭샭펦폃폚죋샠웳튵믮뚯ꎬ쯹짦벰뗄틲쯘냼삨릤튵늿쏅ꆢ톧쫵쇬폲뫍헾뢮믺릹ꎬ퇐뺿뗄쒿뗄쫇뮷뺳풴뗄뿉돖탸탔뫍놣뮤ꆣ䩯獥灨⁁扥ꋛ뗈⠱㤹㠩죏캪웳튵ퟩ횯쫇폐짺쏼뗄쾵춳ꎬ폫ퟔ좻짺쏼쳥뻟폐쿠춬뗄짺첬쫴탔ꎬ늢쏨쫶쇋웳튵뗄쒳킩짺첬쿖쿳ꆣ䝯獳楡渠卡湪楶ꋜ뗈⠱㤹㠩쳡돶퓚탨쟳쟽뚯뗄뺭볃붫튪틆캪탅쾢뺭볃뗄쳵볾쿂붫닺짺탂뗄짌튵짺첬랶샽ꎬ헢튪쟳웳튵볒폃쫊펦뗄랽쪽쮼뾼뛸늻쫇뺲쳽맋뿍탨쟳ꎬ탂뗄웳튵짺첬쾵춳뗄돵쪼쒿뇪쫇춨맽퓶볓뛔맋뿍폐폃뗄탅쾢ꎬ럾컱폫닺욷뗄쫽솿뫍욷훖살뒴탂볛횵ꆣ㈰〰쓪?퓂䭡瑨汥敮⁍??䕩獥湨慲摴ꋝ뗈퓚ꆶ맾런짌튵움싛ꆷ랢뇭쇋ꆰ릲춬뷸뮯ꆪ듙뷸솪쏋폐킧뗄ퟮ뫳튻쳵춾뺶ꆱꎬ쳡돶쇋웳튵횮볤릲춬뷸뮯뗄훘튪탔ꆣ?죕?쒾쓚뛠횪뫍?쏀?짡뛻싼ꋞ⠲〰㌩퓚뫏훸뗄ꆶ웳튵뗄ퟔ좻뿎ꆪ듓폪쇖훐톰헒돖탸펯샻뗄짌튵램퓲ꆷ튻쫩훐ꎬ붲쫶쇋죧뫎퓋폃ퟔ좻뗄풭샭ꎬ춬쪱듓뺭볃ꆢ짧믡뫍뮷뺳죽랽쏦쳡룟웳튵뗄킧틦뗗쿟ꎬ퓚듓닺튵뺭볃쪱듺쿲횪쪶뺭볃쪱듺싵뷸쪱ꎬ웳튵훰 ꋙMoore, J. F. Predators and prey: the new ecology of competiton. Harvard Business Review. Vol. 71(3), 1993, 75-83 ꋚSuan, Tan Sen. Enterprise Ecology[J]. Sinapore Management Review, 1996, 8(2): 51-63 ꋛJoseph Abe, Patricia Dempsey & David Bassert. Business Ecology: Giving Your Organization the Natural Edge. Oxford: Butterworth Heinemann, 1998 ꋜGossian Sanjiv, Kandiah Gajen. The New Business Ecosystem. Strategy & Leadership, 1998, 25(5): 28-33 ꋝKathleen M. Eisenhardt and D. Charles Galunic. Coevolving: At Least, A Way to Make Synergics Work. Harvard Business Review, 2000(1) ꋞꎨ죕ꎩ쒾쓚뛠횪뫍ꎨ쏀ꎩ짡뛻싼. 웳튵뗄ퟔ좻뿎ꆪꆪ듓폪쇖훐톰헒돖탸펯샻뗄짌튵램퓲孍崬?놱뺩ꎺ믺킵릤튵돶냦짧Ⱐ㈰ 〳2
웳튵짺첬쾵춳훐뗄믯냩톡퓱폫움볛 늽죏쪶떽ퟔ좻뛔웳튵뗄헦헽볛횵퓚폚웤훐쯹퓌몬뗄튻킩풭샭ꎬ헢킩풭샭쓜쪹웳튵짺짺늻쾢뗘랱퇜쿂좥ꆣ믲탭쫇틲캪헢쫇퓚횪쪶뺭볃쪱듺ꎬ웳튵뗄퓋펪벺뺭늻퓙쫇맢뾿좼쇏뫍풭닄쇏쇋ꎬ쯼뮹뇘탫뷨훺폚뫃뗄맛쓮ꆢ탅쾢뫍쇩룐ꆣ쿖퓚ꎬ웳튵뾪쪼풽살풽뛠뗘쒣럂ퟔ좻뷧훐듦퓚뗄쓇킩뢻폐뒴퓬솦뗄쾵춳ꆣ㈰〴쓪ꎬ십뿉ꥱ퇯컷뗙뫍싞틁ꥱ삳컂퓚ꆶ맾런짌튵움싛ꆷ짏랢뇭쇋ꆶ훆뚨햽싔?듓짺첬쾵춳돶랢ꆷꋙ튻컄ꎬ늢돶냦훸ꆶ맇룉폅쫆?웳튵짺첬쾵춳뗄탂릦쓜퓚닟싔ꆢ뒴탂뫍폀탸뺭펪짏뗄몬틢ꆷꋚꎬ쯻쏇뷨본쇋ퟔ좻짺첬쾵춳붡뾵룅쓮뫍쒣탍ꎬ쳡돶쇋웳튵짺첬쾵춳붡뾵뗄룅쓮ꎺ웳튵짺첬쾵춳뒦폚솼뫃뗄ힴ첬ꎬ퓚붡뾵뗄ힴ뿶쿂ꎬ쾵춳뻟폐컈뚨탔뫍뿉돖탸탔ꎬ튲뻍쫇쮵퓚쪱볤짏뻟폐캬돖웤ퟩ횯뷡릹ꆢퟔ컒뗷뷚뫍뛔췢뷧돥믷뗄믖뢴쓜솦ꆣ좻뫳헫뛔짌튵쫀뷧폫ퟔ좻뷧뗄늻춬ꎬ뛔튻킩횸뇪뷸탐룼룄뫍탞헽ꎬퟮ훕좷뚨쇋죽룶웳튵짺첬쾵춳붡뾵뗄움볛횸뇪ꎺ짺닺싊ꆢ짺쏼솦뫍러쾶쫐뎡뒴퓬쓜솦ꆣ늢횸돶튻룶웳튵뗄돉릦탨튪튻룶퓋ퟷ솼뫃ꆢ붡뾵뗄짌튵짺첬쾵춳뗄횧돖ꆣ늢샻폃헢킩횸뇪듓웳튵짺첬쾵춳뗄뷇뛈퇐뺿쇋릫쮾펦닉쓉뗄햽싔샠탍ꆣ쇭췢뮹폐튻킩톧헟뾪햹쇋웳튵짺첬쾵춳샭싛뗄펦폃퇐뺿ꎺ뇈죧퓋폃웳튵짺첬쾵춳샭싛퇐뺿뗧ퟓ짌컱컊쳢ꋛꋜꆢ벼쫵뒴탂컊쳢ꋝꋞꆢ맺볒믲뗘쟸뺭볃헾닟컊쳢ꋟꋠ뗈ꆣ?맺쓚ꎬ슽쇡ꋡ⠱㤹㔩뷏퓧뗘쳡돶웳튵짺첬톧샭싛ꎬ붫웳튵짺첬톧췪헻뛸ힼ좷뗘뚨틥캪ꆰ퇐뺿웳튵폫웤뮷뺳횮볤쿠뮥맘쾵뗄톧뿆ꆱꎬ쳡돶ꆰ웳튵짺첬솴ꆱꆢꆰ웳튵짺첬췸ꆱꆢꆰ웳튵좺실ꆱꆢꆰ웳튵짺첬쾵춳ꆱ틔벰ꆰ웳튵짺첬뛔닟ꆱ뗈룅쓮ꎬ늢틔짺첬톧맛뗣뷸튻늽싛쫶쇋웳튵맜샭톧폫웳튵짺첬톧횮볤뗄맘쾵ꆣ뇏쇇풭ꋢ⠱㤹㤩퓚ꆰ탐튵짺첬싛ꆱ훐퓚웳튵믲탐튵뗈닣듎짏틽죫짺첬좺실뫍짺첬캻뗄룅쓮ꎬ뾪쪼죏쪶떽웳튵믲탐튵랢햹뻟폐짺첬톧쳘헷ꆣ쳆킡컒?죏캪웳튵짺첬쾵춳뗄돶쿖쫇횪쪶뺭볃쪱듺웳튵뺺헹뗄탂쳘뗣ꎬ늢뛔쯼뷸탐쇋뚨틥ꎬ죏캪웳튵짺첬쾵춳쫇튻룶평웳튵횮볤ꆢ웳튵폫뮷뺳횮볤쿠뮥ퟷ폃ꆢ쿠뮥펰쿬뛸탎돉뗄쾵춳ꆣ틔즽컷듳톧솺볎쇬쿎뗄톧쫵췅뛓냑웳튵뾴ퟷ폐믺뢴퓓짺쏼쳥ꎬ퓋폃짺첬톧ꆢ뢴퓓탔샭싛뗄풭샭붨솢쇋웳튵짺첬폫웳튵랢햹뗄쾵춳샭싛ꆣ듓웳튵짺첬뢴퓓탔ꆢ웳튵뛔췢늿뮷뺳뗄쫊펦탔벰웳튵쓚뮷뺳뗄뚯첬욽 ꋙIansiti, M. & Levien, R. Strategy as Ecology. Harvard Business Review, Vol, 82(3), 2004 ꋚIansiti, M. & Levien, Keystone Advantage: What the New Dynamics of Business Ecosystems Mean for Strategy, Innovation, and Sustainability. Harvard Business School Press, 2004. 255p. ꋛGossain Sanjiv, Cracking the Collaboration Code. Journal of Business Strategy, Nov/Dec 2002, Vol. 23 Issue6, p20-26 ꋜTapscot Don. The Web Still Reigns. Intelligent Enterprise, 5/7/2001, Vol. 4 Issue 7, p16-18 ꋝHarald Mahrer, Roman Brandtweiner. The Supply Side is Loosing GrorneꎭAustrian Top-500 companies are ignoring the e-commerce challenge. Proceedings of the 2nd Bitworld Conference, Cape Town 1999 ꋞRobert W. Rycroft, DonE. Kash. Innovation Policy for Complex Technologies. Issues in Science and Technology, Vol. 16, ,(Fall 1999), pp73-79 ꋟRobert U. Ayres. Toward a Non-linear Dynamics of Technological Progress. Joural of Economic Behavior and Organization 24(June 1994): 35-69 ꋠMike Hobday. Product Complexty, Innovation and Industrial Organization. Research Policy 26, (February 1998): 689-710 ꋡ슽쇡. 웳튵짺첬톧풭샭첽쳖[N]. 짮?쳘쟸놨, 1995, 28/2 ꋢ뇏쇇풭. 탐튵짺첬싛[J]. 짌튵컄뮯, 1999(6): 11-13 ?쳆킡컒뗈. 횪쪶뺭볃쪱듺웳튵뺺헹뗄탂쳘뗣[J], 뗧ퟓ뿆벼듳톧톧놨ꎨ짧뿆냦ꎩ, 1999(1): 53-56 3
웳튵짺첬쾵춳훐뗄믯냩톡퓱폫움볛 뫢뗈랽쏦살퇐뺿웳튵뺺헹뛔닟뗄컊쳢ꆣ퇐뺿뗄쓚죝냼삨?웳튵짺첬럖컶뗄튻냣샭싛폫랽램ꆢ웳튵짺첬뢴퓓탔럖컶ꆢ웳튵뚯첬퇝뮯ꆢ웳튵랢햹뺺헹뛔닟ꆢ좫쟲뺭볃튻쳥뮯뗄웳튵짺첬폫웳튵뺺헹ꆢ훐맺웳튵뺺헹랢햹뛔닟뗈컊쳢ꋙꋚꋛꆣ췵탋풪샻폃웳튵짺첬쾵춳쮼쿫퇐뺿쏻없랢햹햽싔?맺볒ퟔ좻뿆톧믹뷰쿮쒿?ꎬ쾵춳쳡돶쇋ꆰ쏻없짺첬쾵춳ꆱ뗄룅쓮ꎬ늢뛔쏻없짺첬쾵춳뗄릹돉ꎬ쏻없짺첬뮷뺳ꋜꆢ쏻없짺첬쾵춳뗄퇝뮯ꆢ퓋탐믺훆ꋝꆢ뫋탄뺺헹솦벰삩헅탔ꆢ뺺헹폫뫏ퟷꆢ움볛폫헯뛏ꆢ탅쾢췸싧폅뮯ꆢ횪쪶릲쿭폫뒫능틔벰돉풱볤뗄샻틦욽뫢ꋞ뗈뷸탐쇋뻟폐뛀뒴탔뗘쾵춳첽쯷뫍퇐뺿ꎬ헢튲쫇맺쓚쫗듎붫짺첬톧펦폃떽펪쿺쇬폲ꆣ믆슳돉ꋟ샻폃웳튵짺첬쾵춳뗄쮼쿫퇐뺿쇋쟸폲벼쫵뒴탂쾵춳ꎬ쳡돶쇋쟸폲벼쫵뒴탂짺첬쾵춳뗄룅쓮ꎬ늢뛔쟸폲뒴탂짺첬쾵춳뗄쳘헷ꆢ뗷뷚믺훆ꆢ컈뚨믺훆뫍짺듦믺훆뗈뷸탐쇋짮죫뗄퇐뺿ꆣ?퓚샭싛첽쳖뗄춬쪱ꎬ폐맘웳튵짺첬쾵춳샭싛뗄쪵샽퇐뺿튲늻뛏돶쿖ꆣ죧쳬뷲듳톧맜샭톧풺헔맺뷜ꋠ뗈뗄ꆰ짌튵짺첬쾵춳샭싛벰웤펦폃ꆱꆢ헅믝컄ꋡ뗄ꆰ잳첸컷늿솬쯸뎬쫐뗄랢햹벰웤짌튵짺첬쾵춳뗄릹붨ꆱꆢ몼훝짌톧풺샮뮳헾ꋢ뗄ꆰ컒맺솬쯸뎬쫐짌튵짺첬쾵춳뗄릹붨폫뒴탂ꆱ뗈뗈ꆣ?ㄮㄮ㈠웳튵짺첬쾵춳퇐뺿뗄죴룉컊쳢?웳튵짺첬톧ꎬ폖돆웳튵럂짺톧ꎬ벴붫쿖듺짺첬톧풭샭펦폃떽웳튵뺭펪맜샭퇐뺿훐뗄튻쏅탂탋톧뿆ꆣ쯼퇐뺿뗄뛔쿳냼삨웳튵룶쳥ꆢ닺튵ꆢ닺튵벯좺벰웳튵짺첬쾵춳뗈ꎬ퓚듋ꎬ싛컄뷶뛔폐맘웳튵짺첬쾵춳뗄퇐뺿뷸탐쇋볲튪ퟛ쫶ꆣ?퓚뛔웳튵짺첬쾵춳뗄퇐뺿훐ꎬ맺쓚췢늻짙톧헟퓚샭싛퇐뺿폫쪵샽퇐뺿훐뚼뷸탐쇋듳솿뛸폐틦뗄첽쯷ꎬ늢좡뗃쇋탭뛠돉맻ꎬ떫떽쒿잰캪횹ꎬ헢랽쏦뗄퇐뺿뮹뫜늻돉쫬ꎬ훷튪뇭쿖퓚ꎺ?ꎨ?ꎩퟔ웳튵짺첬쾵춳룅쓮놻쳡돶틔살ꎬ듳늿럖톧헟믲붫웤헻쳥ퟷ캪웳튵햽싔훆뚨뗄튻훖탂쮼캬뫍탂샭쓮뷸탐퇐뺿ꎬ믲폫웤쯻뿎쳢뷡뫏퇐뺿웳튵짺첬쾵춳펦폃컊쳢뗈뗈ꎬ뛸뛔웳튵짺첬쾵춳뫡쿲뷡릹뫍ퟝ쿲뮷뷚뷸탐뗄뻟쳥퇐뺿뷏짙ꎻ?ꎨ?ꎩ뛔웳튵짺첬쾵춳믯냩톡퓱랽쏦짦벰뫜짙ꆣ뛔폚짙쫽짦벰듋랽쏦뗄퇐뺿퓲뷏캪쇽춳ꎬ퇐뺿늻릻짮죫ꎬ쟒틔뚨탔럖컶캪훷ꎬ좱랦뚨솿럖컶ꎻ? ꋙ솺볎뗈. 웳튵짺첬폫웳튵랢햹[J], 맜샭뿆톧톧놨, 2001, 5(2): 34-41 ꋚ솺볎뗈. 횪쪶짧믡뗄웳튵짺첬쾵춳뢴퓓탔[J]. 뻶닟뷨본, 2001, 14(5): 6-10 ꋛ솺볎뗈. 웳튵짺첬폫웳튵랢햹: 웳튵뺺헹뛔닟[M]. 뿆톧돶냦짧, 2005 ꋜ췵탋풪. 쏻없짺첬쾵춳돵첽[J]. 훐췢뿆벼탅쾢, 2000(2): 70-75 ꋝ췵탋풪. 쏻없짺첬쾵춳퇝뮯맽돌벰웤퓋탐믺훆[J]. 훐맺톧쫵웚뾯컄햪ꎨ뿆벼뿬놨ꎩ, 2000. 6(2): 257-259 ꋞ췵탋풪. 쏻없짺첬쾵춳돉풱릹돉쳘뗣벰웤샻틦욽뫢[J]. 짌튵퇐뺿. 2000(10): 8-11 ꋟ믆슳돉. 쟸폲뒴탂쾵춳퇐뺿: 짺첬톧뗄쮼뾼[J]. 뿆톧톧퇐뺿, 2003, 21(2): 215-219 ꋠ헔맺뷜뗈. 짌튵짺첬쾵춳샭싛벰웤펦폃[J]. 훊솿뒺쟯, 2002(1): 42-45 ꋡ헅믝컄. 잳첸컷늿솬쯸뎬쫐뗄랢햹벰웤짌튵짺첬쾵춳뗄릹붨[J]. 룊쯠뿆벼, 2003, 19(4): 8-10 ꋢ샮뮳헾. 컒맺솬쯸뎬쫐짌튵짺첬쾵춳뗄릺붨폫뒴탂[J]. 짌튵뺭볃폫맜샭. 2000(4): 15-18 4
웳튵짺첬쾵춳훐뗄믯냩톡퓱폫움볛 ꎨ?ꎩ돽뛔웳튵짺첬쾵춳헻쳥붡뾵ힴ뿶움볛뷸탐짙솿퇐뺿췢ꎬ쿊폐뛔쾵춳쒳튻뻟쳥랽쏦ힴ뿶움볛뗄짮죫퇐뺿ꎬ죧뛔웳튵짺첬쾵춳돉풱볤뗄킭춬ힴ뿶뗄움볛퇐뺿ꆣ?ㄮ㈠싛컄뗄퇐뺿쓚죝폫퇐뺿랽램?ㄮ㈮ㄠ퇐뺿쓚죝?본폚짏쫶룷랽쏦뗄뾼싇ꎬ싛컄퓚뛔웳튵짺첬쾵춳룅쓮ꆢ뷡릹ꆢ릹붨맽돌틔벰쾵춳돉풱볤맘쾵뗈믘맋뗄믹뒡짏ꎬ붫쒿맢뻛붹퓚웳튵짺첬쾵춳릹붨맽돌훐뗄믯냩톡퓱뮷뷚폫퓋ퟷ맽돌훐뗄믯냩볤킭춬ힴ뿶움볛컊쳢짏ꎬ톡좡쫊떱뗄럖컶랽램ꎬ좫쏦뛸짮죫뗘뛔웤뷸탐쇋퇐뺿ꆣ?싛컄뗄훷튪쓚죝듳훂뿉럖캪틔쿂벸늿럖ꎺ?뗚튻헂ꎺ탷싛ꆣ볲튪닻쫶쇋맺쓚췢쿠맘퇐뺿뗄쿖ힴꎬ늢뛔퇐뺿쿖ힴ뷸탐ퟶ돶움볛ꎬ횸돶퇐뺿훐듦퓚뗄죴룉컊쳢ꎬ좻뫳틀듎뛔싛컄뗄퇐뺿랽램ꆢ퇐뺿쓚죝ꆢ벼쫵슷쿟뫍뒴탂뗣ퟷ쇋볲튪쮵쏷ꆣ?뗚뛾헂ꎺ웳튵짺첬쾵춳뗄풭샭ퟛ쫶ꆣ쫗쿈뷧뚨쇋웳튵짺첬쾵춳뗄룅쓮ꎬ웤듎듓늻춬뷇뛈믘맋웳튵짺첬쾵춳뗄뷡릹ꎬ퓙듎ꎬ볲튪닻쫶쇋릹붨웳튵짺첬쾵춳뗄튻냣맽돌ꎬퟮ뫳ꎬ뷴쟐싛컄퇐뺿훷쳢쾵춳ퟜ뷡쇋웳튵짺첬쾵춳돉풱볤맘쾵샭싛ꆪ킭춬뷸뮯샭싛ꆣ??뗚죽헂ꎺ웳튵짺첬쾵춳릹붨맽돌훐뗄믯냩톡퓱ꆣ놾컄쯹퇐뺿뗄믯냩톡퓱뗄뿕볤랶캧뷶쿞폚뫋탄짺첬쾵춳ꎬ쪱볤랶캧퓲쫇웳튵짺첬쾵춳뗄릹붨맽돌ꆣ쫗쿈ꎬ듓믯냩톡퓱뗄훷쳥죫쫖ꎬ죏캪웳튵짺첬쾵춳뗄ꆰ뫋탄웳튵ꆱ펦돐떣뫋탄짺첬쾵춳웤쯻돉풱뗄톡퓱횰퓰ꆣ춬쪱ꎬ뮹ퟜ뷡돶쇋퓚믯냩톡퓱맽돌훐펦뾼싇뗄컥쿮훷튪틲쯘ꎻ좻뫳ꎬ쪹폃닣듎럖컶램ꎨ䅈?ꎩ뛔믯냩톡퓱믺훆뷸탐쇋뚨솿럖컶ꎬ럖컶맽돌냼삨닣듎럖컶램뗄풭샭뷩짜ꆢ믯냩톡퓱펦폃쪵샽벰쫽뻝뗄튻훂탔볬퇩ꎻퟮ뫳ꎬ볲떥첽쳖쇋틑톡믯냩볤킭춬럧쿕뗄쪶뇰폫뿘훆ꆣ?뗚쯄헂ꎺ믯냩볤뗄킭춬ힴ뿶움볛ꆣ본폚킭춬럧쿕뗄듦퓚ꎬ뫋탄웳튵탫붨솢쾵춳돉풱볤킭춬ힴ뿶뗄움볛쳥훆ꎬ틔뇣벰쪱랢쿖폫뷢뻶돉풱볤뗄킭춬컊쳢ꆣ놾헂헫뛔쯹퇐뺿컊쳢뗄쳘뗣ꎬ톡좡쇋쒣뫽ퟛ뫏움볛램ퟷ캪뚨솿럖컶랽램ꎬ붨솢쇋뛠벶쒣뫽움볛쒣탍ꎬ쪹쾵춳돉풱볤킭춬ힴ뿶뗄움볛뗃틔쪵쿖ꆣ쇭췢ꎬ퓚붨쒣맽돌훐ꎬ퓙듎쪹폃쇋닣듎럖컶램ꎬ릹퓬돶돉풱볤킭춬ힴ뿶ퟛ뫏움볛횸뇪쳥쾵ꎬ뛔ힼ퓲닣폫횸뇪닣뻟쳥쿮쒿튻튻ퟷ돶뷢쫍ꎬ늢럖뇰뗃돶웤좨훘ꎬ캪쒣탍뗄붨솢ퟶ쇋믹놾뗄쫽뻝ힼ놸ꆣ?뗚컥헂ꎺ뷡싛ꆣ뛔좫컄퇐뺿ퟶ튻룶볲떥뗄ퟜ뷡ꎬ쇭췢퓲첽쳖쇋뷸튻늽짮죫퇐뺿뗄랽쿲ꆣ?ㄮ㈮㈠퇐뺿랽램?ꎨ?ꎩ맦랶럖컶랽램?샻폃뒫춳볬쯷쫖뛎폫틲쳘췸뛔맺쓚췢쿠맘퇐뺿돉맻뷸탐맣랺뗷닩ꎬ믱좡쇋듳솿컄쿗쇏5
웳튵짺첬쾵춳훐뗄믯냩톡퓱폫움볛 폫탅쾢쇏ꎬ늢뛔웤뷸탐럖샠ꆢ뇈뷏ꆢ맩쓉뗈ꎬ듓뛸쳡솶돶싛컄맛뗣벰뒴탂뗣ꆣ쇭췢ꎬ뛔쿠맘컄쿗뗄닎퓄ꎬ캪싛컄킴ퟷ뗬뚨쇋샭싛믹뒡ꎬ싛컄튲헽쫇퓚뛔틑폐퇐뺿돉맻뗄톧쾰ꆢ볌돐ꆢ엺에ꆢ짽뮪뗄맽돌훐떮짺뗄ꆣ?ꎨ?ꎩ뿧톧뿆ퟛ뫏퇐뺿랽램?놾컄맣랺펦폃뺭볃톧ꆢ맜샭톧ꆢퟩ횯탐캪톧ꆢ짺첬톧ꆢ뢴퓓뿆톧ꆢ춳볆톧ꆢ쿖듺쫽톧뗈톧뿆샭싛풭샭ꎬ살쾵춳퇐뺿웳튵짺첬쾵춳쓚믯냩톡퓱믺훆뫍믯냩볤킭춬ힴ뿶움볛컊쳢ꆣ죧싛컄쯹쪹폃뗄닣듎럖컶램폫쒣뫽ퟛ뫏움볛램뻍럖뇰쫴폚춳볆톧폫쿖듺쫽톧톧뿆쓚죝ꆣ뿍맛뗘쮵ꎬ웳튵맜샭퇐뺿랽램놾짭뻍쫇뿧톧뿆퇐뺿랽램뗄벯돉ꆣ뷜틁ꆤ냍쓡쯹ꋙ퓸쮵?ꆰퟩ횯샭싛뗄퇐뺿폐ퟅ듓웤쯻톧뿆뷨폃뗄샺쪷ꆣ퓧웚쫇듓탄샭톧뫍짧믡탄샭톧훐뷨폃샭싛ꎬ붨솢쇋죋볊맘쾵톧엉?뫳살듓짧믡톧뫍헾훎훐뷨폃룅쓮ꎬ닺짺쇋좺쳥짺첬샭싛?뛸죋샠톧퓲돉쇋퇐뺿ퟩ횯컄뮯뗄룅쓮뫍쮼뾼랽쪽뗄풴좪ꆣꆱ놾컄퇐뺿랽램퓲돐쾮쇋룃뒫춳ꆣ?ꎨ?ꎩ뚨탔럖컶폫뚨솿럖컶쿠뷡뫏뗄랽램?뚨탔럖컶뿉볲뮯럖컶쮼슷ꎬ폈웤뛔폚웳튵짺첬쾵춳헢룶엓듳뛸뢴퓓뗄쾵춳ꎬ퓚늻펰쿬럖컶뷡맻뗄잰쳡쿂ꎬ쪹폃뚨탔럖컶뿉룼볓쟥돾뛸폐킧뗘닻쫶웳튵짺첬쾵춳뗄쿠맘룅쓮벰믯냩톡퓱믺훆뗄폐맘풭샭ꆣ떫뷶뷶쪹폃뚨탔럖컶쫇늻릻뗄ꎬ뮹펦뛔웳튵짺첬쾵춳훐펰쿬믯냩톡퓱뗄쿠맘틲쯘틔벰룷틲쯘볤뗄쿠뮥맘쾵쫽톧뮯ꎬ붫룃컊쳢ퟷ캪뛠틲쯘떥쒿뇪ퟮ폅뮯컊쳢살뷸탐뚨솿퇐뺿ꆣ폖죧뛔믯냩볤킭춬ힴ뿶뗄움볛럖컶튲쫇춨맽붨솢쒣뫽쫽톧쒣탍뛸쪵쿖뗄ꆣ뚨솿럖컶쯤좻뷏뢴퓓ꎬ떫웤럖컶뷡맻뷏뺫좷뫍룼뻟쮵럾솦ꆣ틲듋ꎬ놾컄닉폃쇋뚨탔럖컶폫뚨솿럖컶쿠뷡뫏뗄퇐뺿랽램ꆣ?ㄮ㌠싛컄뗄퇐뺿벼쫵슷쿟폫뒴탂뗣?ㄮ㌮ㄠ싛컄뗄퇐뺿벼쫵슷쿟?††죧쿂춼ꎨ쿂튳ꎩ쯹쪾ꎺ? ꋙJay Barney, Williiam Ouchi. Organizational Economics. San Francisco: Jossey, 1986 6
웳튵짺첬쾵춳훐뗄믯냩톡퓱폫움볛 컊쳢뗄쳡돶 뷧뚨퇐뺿뛔쿳ꆢ쒿뇪ꎬ톡좡퇐뺿랽램ꎬ좷뚨퇐뺿뿲볜 웳튵짺첬쾵춳뗄믹놾룅쓮 웳튵짺첬쾵춳릹붨맽돌훐뗄믯냩톡퓱 믯냩톡퓱뾼싇뗄훷튪틲쯘 닣듎럖컶램 믯냩톡퓱펦폃쪵샽 킭춬럧쿕뗄쪶뇰폫뿘훆 믯냩볤뗄킭춬ힴ뿶움볛 킭춬ힴ뿶움볛횸뇪쳥쾵 쒣뫽쫽톧ퟛ뫏움볛샭싛 붨솢뛠벶쒣뫽움볛쒣탍 ?춼??ㄠ?싛컄뗄퇐뺿벼쫵슷쿟?ㄮ㌮㈠싛컄뗄뒴탂뗣?싛컄훐뗄훷튪뒴탂뗣룅삨캪죧쿂벸뗣ꎺ?ꎨ?ꎩ싛컄톡좡웳튵짺첬쾵춳튻냣릹붨맽돌훐뗄믯냩톡퓱뮷뷚캪퇐뺿뛔쿳ꎬ쫓뷇뇈뷏탂ꎬ헢폐뇰폚틔췹듳뛠쫽컄쿗닠훘폚웳튵짺첬쾵춳헻쳥뗄퇐뺿뷇뛈ꆣ싛컄퓚잰죋뛔웳튵짺첬쾵춳믹놾룅쓮뗄퇐뺿믹뒡짏ꎬ믹폚킭춬뷸뮯풭샭ꎬ쪹폃닣듎럖컶램ꎬ뛔웳튵짺첬쾵춳뗄믯냩톡퓱믺훆뷸탐쇋짮죫뗄뚨솿퇐뺿ꎻ?ꎨ?ꎩ퓚뛔웳튵짺첬쾵춳뗄믯냩톡퓱믺훆뚨솿퇐뺿랽램뗄톡좡짏ꎬ싛컄쪹폃쇋볲뇣틗탐뗄닣듎럖컶램ꆣ튻냣뗘ꎬ퓚웳튵맜샭퇐뺿쇬폲훐ꎬ닣듎럖컶램퓚죋솦풴맜샭퇐뺿랽쿲펦폃뷏7
웳튵짺첬쾵춳훐뗄믯냩톡퓱폫움볛 맣랺ꎬ뛸웤쯻랽쿲짙폐컊뷲믲쪹폃쪱뷶폃룃랽램뗄뗚튻늽ꎬ벴럖닣듎붨솢횸뇪뷡릹ꆣ놾싛컄퓲듓럖닣붨솢뷡릹쒣탍떽솽솽뇈뷏릹붨돉뛔뇈뷏뻘헳ꎬ퓙떽좷뚨닣볤좨훘ꎬ횱훁ퟮ훕뻶닟ꎬ췪헻뗘쪹폃쇋닣듎럖컶램ꎬ늢폃쪵샽퇩횤쇋룃랽램췪좫쫊폃폚싛컄퇐뺿훷쳢ꎻ?ꎨ?ꎩ쪵볹훐ꎬ뫏샭움볛믯냩볤킭춬ힴ뿶쫴폚볌웳튵짺첬쾵춳릹붨뫳뗄쾵춳퓋ퟷ뮷뷚훐뗄쓚죝ꎬ쫇쾵춳쓚믯냩톡퓱뗄퇓짬ꎬ쫇뛔톡퓱뷡맻뗄볠뚽ꆣ본폚듋ꎬ싛컄펦폃뛠벶쒣뫽ퟛ뫏움볛램ꎬ붨솢쇋믯냩볤킭춬ힴ뿶움볛쒣탍ꎬ캪웳튵짺첬쾵춳움볛웤돉풱킭춬ힴ뿶쳡릩쇋닙ퟷ탔뷏잿뗄랽램뫍쿠맘샭싛퇐뺿뗄탂쮼슷ꆣ8
웳튵짺첬쾵춳훐뗄믯냩톡퓱폫움볛 뗚뛾헂†웳튵짺첬쾵춳풭샭ퟛ쫶?㈮ㄠ웳튵짺첬쾵춳뗄룅쓮?뿆톧뷧뚨웳튵짺첬쾵춳룅쓮쫇쾵춳퇐뺿웳튵짺첬쾵춳뗄웰뗣ꎬ떫웹뷱캪횹톧쫵뷧뛔웳튵짺첬쾵춳죔쎻폐튻룶춳튻뗄룅쓮ꎬ탭뛠톧헟뚼뛔웤뷸탐쇋늻춬뗄뷢쫍ꎬ샽죧ꎬ䩡浥猠䘮䵯潲?ꎨ쏀ꎩ폚ㄹ㤶쓪퓚웤훸ꆶ뺺헹뗄쮥췶ꆷꋙ훐횸돶ꎺ웳튵짺첬쾵춳쫇틔ퟩ횯뫍룶쳥뗄쿠뮥ퟷ폃캪믹뒡뗄뺭볃솪뫏쳥ꎻ솺볎ꋚ룸돶헢퇹뗄뚨틥ꎺ웳튵폫웳튵짺첬뮷뺳탎돉뗄쿠뮥ퟷ폃ꆢ쿠뮥펰쿬뗄쾵춳ꎬ컒쏇냑쯼뷐ퟶ웳튵짺첬쾵춳ꎻ쳆킡컒ꋛ죏캪웳튵짺첬쾵춳쫇튻룶평웳튵횮볤ꆢ웳튵폫뮷뺳횮볤쿠뮥ퟷ폃ꆢ쿠뮥펰쿬뛸탎돉뗄쾵춳뗈뗈ꎬ틔짏뚨틥믹놾짏뚼쫇듓돉풱ퟩ돉벰돉풱볤맘쾵뛔웳튵짺첬쾵춳뗄볲떥뇭쫶ꆣ?놾컄퓲쪹폃평뫓몣듳톧뫺뇳폚㈰〶쓪쳡돶뗄웳튵짺첬쾵춳룅쓮ꎺ웳튵짺첬쾵춳쫇웳튵퓚뚯첬뢴퓓뮷뺳쿂캪쇋ퟔ짭짺듦뫍돖탸붡뾵뗄랢햹ꎬ폐틢쪶뗘내헕짺첬톧뗄쮼캬뫍풭샭ꎬ틔볛횵뗄뒫뗝캪얦듸ꎬ틔릲춬뷸뮯캪쒿뇪ꎬ폫폫웤샻틦쿠맘뗄웳튵ꆢퟩ횯틔벰룶쳥릲춬릹돉쿠뮥ퟷ폃ꆢ쿠뮥펰쿬뻟폐쯉즢뗄뚯첬뷡릹뗄뢴퓓쫊펦쾵춳ꆣꋜ?룃뚨틥늻뷶뇭쫶쇋쾵춳돉풱벰돉풱볤맘쾵ꎬ쟒쫗듎퓚뚨틥훐횸돶쇋웳튵짺첬쾵춳뗄놾훊뫍쳘헷ꆣ뿉듓죧쿂벸랽쏦샭뷢웤몬틥ꎺ?ꎨ?ꎩ웳튵짺첬쾵춳쫇뷨폷ퟔ좻짺첬쾵춳룅쓮뛸쳡돶뗄ꆣ웳튵폫ퟔ좻짺첬쾵춳훐뗄짺컯룶쳥뻟폐쿠쯆뗄쳘헷ꎬ웳튵랢햹맦싉퓚뫜뛠랽쏦뫍짺컯짺첬쇬폲훐뗄맦싉쿠럂ꎬ틲듋컒쏇뿉틔냑웳튵뾴ퟷ돉튻룶짺쏼폐믺쳥ꎬ냑쯼폫웤쯻쿠맘웳튵ꆢퟩ횯뫍룶쳥횮볤쿠뮥ퟷ폃ꆢ쿠뮥펰쿬뛸탎돉뗄짧믡쾵춳뾴ퟷ웳튵짺첬쾵춳ꆣ?ꎨ?ꎩ웳튵짺첬쾵춳쫇웳튵캪쫊펦탂뗄쿖쪵뮷뺳뛸닉좡뗄탂뗄뺭펪쮼캬싟벭뫍햽싔쫓뷇ꆣ쯦ퟅ웳튵뮷뺳평풭살쿠뛔볲떥컈뚨뗄뺲첬뮷뺳뇤캪뢴퓓뛠뇤뗄뚯첬뮷뺳ꎬ맽좥뒫춳뗄횻잿뗷ퟔ짭짺듦뫍랢햹좨샻뛸컞쫓샻틦쿠맘헟좺쳥뗄헻쳥샻틦뫍짺첬쾵춳뗄릲춬랢햹폫랱죙뗄뺭펪샭쓮틑뺭실컩ꎬ웳튵늻퓙붫ퟔ벺뾴돉쫇떥룶럢뇕뗄ퟩ횯ꎬ뛸폐틢쪶뗘폫쿠맘웳튵ꆢퟩ횯ퟩ돉튻룶헻쳥ꎬ늢폃짺첬쾵춳뗄맛쓮살뾴듽ꎬ붫ퟔ짭뗄쏼퓋폫헻룶짺첬쾵춳뷴쏜솪쾵퓚튻웰ꎬ얬솦쪵쿖릲춬뷸뮯ꆣ틲듋ꎬ웳튵짺첬쾵춳늻횻쫇튻룶쏻듊뛸벺ꎬ쯼룼쫇튻훖뫪맛뗄뺭펪샭쓮뫍캢맛뗄뺭펪닟싔ꎬ쯼튪쟳웳튵뺭펪헟늻떫튪힢틢웳튵ퟔ짭뗄짺쏼솦ꎬ룼튪뚴달쿈믺ꎬ쳥달웳 ꋙMoore, J. F. Predators and prey: the new ecology of competiton. Harvard Business Review. Vol. 71(3), 1993, 75-83 ꋚ솺볎뗈. 웳튵짺첬폫웳튵랢햹[J], 맜샭뿆톧톧놨, 2001, 5(2): 34-41 ꋛ쳆킡컒뗈. 횪쪶뺭볃쪱듺웳튵뺺헹뗄탂쳘뗣[J], 뗧ퟓ뿆벼듳톧톧놨ꎨ짧뿆냦ꎩ, 1999(1): 53-56 ꋜ뫺뇳. 웳튵짺첬쾵춳뗄뚯첬퇝뮯벰퓋ퟷ퇐뺿[D]. 뫓몣듳톧, 2006 9
웳튵짺첬쾵춳훐뗄믯냩톡퓱폫움볛 튵짺첬뗄뇤뮯ꎬ랽쓜늻뛏뗷헻웳튵뗄쳥훊살믘펦뮷뺳ꆣ?ꎨ?ꎩ웳튵짺첬쾵춳쫇튻룶캪맋뿍뒴퓬볛횵뗄쾵춳ꆣ웳튵짺첬쾵춳쫇틔룸맋뿍쳡릩볛횵캪얦듸ꎬ붫헻룶짺첬쾵춳풴뷡뫏웰살ꎬ룷돉풱릲춬랢햹ퟔ벺뗄쓜솦뫍ퟷ폃ꎬ늢힢틢붫ퟔ벺폫캴살뗄랽쿲?평튻룶믲쫽룶뫋탄웳튵좷솢?뷡뫏웰살ꎬ릲춬춶폚캪맋뿍뒴퓬볛횵뗄맽돌훐ꆣ튻룶웳튵짺첬쾵춳튪짺듦ꎬ횻폐룸맋뿍쳡릩폐쯹웚췻뗄볛횵ꎬ닅쓜믱좡ퟣ릻뗄샻죳ꎬ싺ퟣ룷돉풱짺듦뫍랢햹ꎬ쪵쿖웳튵짺첬쾵춳뗄솼탔톭뮷ꎬ늢쪹헻룶웳튵짺첬쾵춳쮳샻뷸뮯ꆣ?ꎨ?ꎩ릲춬뷸뮯쫇웳튵짺첬쾵춳뗄쒿뇪ꆣ웳튵짺첬쾵춳룷돉풱춨맽쿠뮥볤뗄뫏ퟷ폫뺺헹쪵쿖릲춬뷸뮯ꎬ뷸뛸췆뚯헻룶짺첬쾵춳뗄뷸뮯ꆣ웳튵짺첬쾵춳훐릲춬뷸뮯쫇춨맽쾵춳룷돉풱믲ퟓ쾵춳횮볤킭춬ퟷ폃ꎬ쪹쿠뮥틀듦뗄룷ퟓ쾵춳붻뮥퓋뚯ꆢퟔ컒뗷뷚ꆢ킭춬뷸뮯ꎬퟮ뫳떼훂탂뗄폐탲뷡릹ꎬ헢훖탂뗄폐탲뷡릹벴짺첬쾵춳룷돉풱릲춬뷸뮯뗄뷡맻ꆣ?ꎨ?ꎩ웳튵짺첬쾵춳쫇튻룶뢴퓓뗄뚯첬쫊펦쾵춳ꎬ뻟폐ퟔ쿠쯆ꆢퟔퟩ횯ꆢퟔ톧쾰폫뚯첬퇝뮯뗄쳘헷ꆣ?㈮㈠웳튵짺첬쾵춳뗄뷡릹?ퟔ좻짺첬쾵춳쫇평룷훖룷퇹뗄짺컯컯훖ퟩ돉뗄ꎬ샠쯆뗄ꎬ웳튵짺첬쾵춳퓲쫇평쫽솿훚뛠뗄웳튵돉풱쯹릹돉ꆣ쯻쏇냼삨웳튵룶쳥벰춬훊웳튵쯹탎돉뗄훖좺ꆢ쿻럑헟ꆢ릩펦짌ꆢ쫐뎡훐뷩ꆢ뷰죚믺릹ꆢ뫍춶헟뗈ꎬ춬쪱튲냼삨헾뢮늿쏅ꆢ솢램훐뷩ꆢ듳훚뒫쎽틔벰럖뇰듺뇭쿻럑헟뫍릩펦짌뗄킭믡뫍탐튵뇪ힼ훆뚨헟뗈뗈ꆣ쇭췢ꎬ춬ퟔ좻짺첬쾵춳훜캧폐웤럇짺컯컯훊ퟩ돉뗄짺첬뮷뺳튻퇹ꎬ웳튵짺첬쾵춳튲폐웤삵틔짺듦뗄췢늿뮷뺳ꎬ웤훐냼삨룷훖룷퇹뗄럇짺컯짺첬틲ퟓꎬ훷튪폐헾훎짺첬틲ퟓꆢ뺭볃짺첬틲ퟓꆢ뿆톧벼쫵짺첬틲ퟓꆢ죋솦풴짺첬틲ퟓꆢ컄뮯짺첬틲ퟓ벰ퟔ좻풴짺첬틲ퟓ뗈ꆣ?ꎨ?ꎩ웳튵짺첬쾵춳쫇튻룶폐믺뗄뢴퓓쫊펦쾵춳ꎬ듓웤돉풱뗄샠탍벰탔훊살뾴ꎬ웳튵짺첬쾵춳뗄릹돉춼죧쿂ꎺ?웳튵짺첬쾵춳췢늿뮷뺳 웳튵좺실 웳튵 웳튵훖좺 ?춼??ㄠ웳튵짺첬쾵춳뗄돉풱뷡릹?10
웳튵짺첬쾵춳훐뗄믯냩톡퓱폫움볛 웳튵훖좺쫇횸퓚튻뚨쪱볤쓚ꆢ퓚튻뚨뗄뿕볤랶캧쓚춬샠탍웳튵릹돉뗄벯뫏ꆣ튻냣퓲횸평춬탐튵믲닺욷뻟폐쳦듺릦쓜뗄웳튵ퟩ돉뗄좺쳥ꆣ?웳튵좺실쫇횸죴룉웳튵믲웳튵훖좺퓚튻뚨뗄짺뺳쳵볾쿂쯹탎돉뗄늢폫뮷뺳쿠뮥ퟷ폃뗄웳튵좺쳥ꆣ튻냣퓲횸평늻춬탐튵믲닺욷뻟폐쳦듺탔ꆢ뮥늹탔릦쓜뗄웳튵ퟩ돉뗄좺쳥ꆣ?퓚웳튵좺실쓚늿ꎬ웳튵폫웳튵횮볤ꆢ웳튵폫췢늿뮷뺳횮볤룷ퟛ뫏틲쯘붨솢쇋튻뚨뗄훷뿍뮥훃뗄짺첬맘쾵늢탎돉캪쿠뛔뗄ꆢ쳘폐뗄좺실뮷뺳ꆣ웳튵좺쳥뫍룃좺쳥쯹뒦뗄뮷뺳릲춬릹돉쇋웳튵좺실짺첬쾵춳ꆣ?ꎨ?ꎩ듓웤돉풱뗄뷴쏜탍뫍훘튪탔살뾴ꎬ웳튵짺첬쾵춳폖뿉럖캪뫋탄짺첬쾵춳ꆢ삩햹짺첬쾵춳ꆢ췪헻뗄웳튵짺첬쾵춳뗈죽룶닣듎?죧춼???쯹쪾??춼??㈠웳튵짺첬쾵춳뗄닣듎뷡릹?쇏살풴ꎺ햲쒷쮹ꆤ뢥ꆤ쓂뛻훸ꎬ솺뾥뗈틫ꆣ뺺헹뗄쮥췶孍?ꆣ놱뺩돶냦짧ㄹ㤹ꎬ倲〨뺭ퟷ헟탞룄???ꎨ?ꎩ듓웤돉풱뗄뢴퓓맘쾵살뾴ꎬ웳튵짺첬쾵춳퓲돉캪쇋튻룶뛠캬뗄뢴퓓췸싧뷡릹ꎬ췸싧훐룷뷚뗣뗄업쇐돊ꆰ쏝싉럖늼ꆱ?죧춼???쯹쪾??11
웳튵짺첬쾵춳훐뗄믯냩톡퓱폫움볛 춼??㌠웳튵짺첬쾵춳뗄췸싧뷡릹?쇏살풴ꎺ健汴潮楥浩ⱍ⹂畳楮敳猠䕣潳祳瑥洺䄠捯湣数瑵慬潤慬映慮?潲条湩穡瑩潮⁰潰畬慴楯渠晲潭⁴桥?灥牳灥捴楶敳映捯浰汥硩瑹湤癯汵瑩潮ⱥ?䉵獩湥獳⁒敳敡牣栠䍥湴敲⁒敳敡牣栠剥灯牴猠ㄸⱔ慭灥牥′〰㔮??힢ꎺ풲ꆢ헽랽탎뫍죽뷇탎듺뇭짺첬쾵춳뗄늻춬돉풱ꎻ볽춷쏨쫶쇋돉풱볤뗄쿠뮥ퟷ폃ꎬ떥볽춷뇭쪾뺺헹쿠뮥ퟷ폃ꎬ쮫볽춷뇭쪾뫏ퟷ쿠뮥ퟷ폃ꎻ헢룶놬햨쪽뗄탎ힴ듺뇭웳튵짺첬쾵춳ꎬ믒즫쟸폲쏨쫶쇋웳튵짺첬쾵춳뗄뮷뺳ꆣ??평폚짺첬쾵춳훐뗄튻룶웳튵폫죴룉샠ꆢ쎿튻샠뗄죴룉룶웳튵믲ퟩ횯횮볤뻹듦퓚ퟅ쿠뮥솪쾵ꆢퟷ폃ꎬ뛸헢룶짌튵솴뗄돉풱춬쪱폖뿉쓜쫇쇭튻룶짌튵솴뗄돉풱ꎬ쟒헢킩돉풱믡틲쫐뎡탨쟳뫍웤쯻뮷뺳틲쯘뗄뇤뮯뛸룼탂ꎬ쯹틔헢킩솴쿠뮥붻횯퓚튻웰탎돉쇋웳튵짺첬쾵춳뛠캬뗄뢴퓓췸싧뷡릹ꆣ?㈮?웳튵짺첬쾵춳릹붨뗄튻냣맽돌?맘폚웳튵짺첬쾵춳뗄릹붨맽돌ꎬ훁뷱짐캴폐죋쳡돶튻룶놻톧쫵뷧웕뇩죏뿉뗄췪짆뗄쒣쪽ꆣ닩퓄쿠맘컄쿗ꎬ랢쿖却慲摥?ꋙ⠱㤹㠩뗈죋퓚뛔탩쓢웳튵뗄퓋ퟷ퇐뺿맽돌훐ꎬ룹뻝탩쓢웳튵뗄짺쏼훜웚쳘헷쳡돶쇋릹붨탩쓢웳튵뗄䥆佔쒣쪽ꎬ벴쪶뇰⡉摥湴楦楣慴楯温ꆢퟩ붨⡆潲浡瑩潮?ꆢ퓋탐⡏灥牡瑩潮?ꆢ훕횹⡔敭物湡瑩潮?쯄룶뷗뛎ꎬ죧춼???쯹쪾ꆣ? ꋙTroy J. Strader, Fu-Ren Lin, Michael J. Shaw, Information Infrastructure for Elec-Tronic Virtual Organization Management, Design Support Systems, 1998(23), pp75-94 12
웳튵짺첬쾵춳훐뗄믯냩톡퓱폫움볛 춼??㐠탩쓢웳튵뗄퓋ퟷ쒣탍?쇏살풴ꎺ呲潹⁊⹓瑲慤敲ⱆ??剥渠䱩測䵩捨慥氠䨮卨慷ⱉ湦潲浡瑩潮⁉湦牡獴牵捴畲攠景爠䕬散?呲潮楣⁖楲瑵慬?佲条湩穡瑩?渠䵡湡来浥湴ⱄ敳楧渠卵灰潲琠卹獴敭猬ㄹ㤸⠲㌩Ɒ瀬㜵?㤴?헢룶쒣탍뗄쓚죝냼삨??ꎨ?ꎩ쪶뇰ꆣ탩쓢웳튵뗄돉솢뚼폐튻뚨뗄짌튵쒿뗄ꎬ틲듋ꎬ뛔폚짌튵믺믡뗄쪶뇰폫냑컕뛔폚탩쓢웳튵뛸퇔뻟폐훘튪틢틥ꆣ퓚쪶뇰뷗뛎냼삨쒿뇪폫믺믡쪶뇰ꆢ믺믡움볛뫍믺믡톡퓱죽룶뻶닟맽돌ꆣ튻떩믺믡놻죏캪뿉탐ꎬ뻍뷸죫쿂튻룶맽돌ꆣ?ꎨ?ꎩퟩ붨ꆣ탩쓢웳튵뗄ퟩ붨뷗뛎냼삨믯냩쪶뇰ꆢ믯냩톡퓱ꆢퟩ횯붨솢ꆢ퓋탐쒣쪽짨볆틔벰탅쾢춨탅벼쫵⡉湦潲浡瑩潮⁃潭浵湩捡瑩潮⁔散桮潬潧?ꎬ볲돆?䍔?믹뒡짨쪩붨솢뗈맽돌ꆣ?ꎨ?ꎩ퓋탐ꆣ퓚탩쓢웳튵ퟩ붨췪돉횮뫳뷸죫퓋탐뷗뛎ꆣ룃뷗뛎뿉틔듓웳튵솪뫏쳥뗄믹놾릦쓜랽쏦뮮럖캪짨볆ꆢ펪쿺ꆢ닆컱맜샭ꆢ훆퓬뫍럖쿺컥룶늻춬뗄뻶닟맽돌ꆣ헢킩맽돌늻쫇뒮탐뗄ꎬ뛸쫇늢랢뗄붻횯퓚튻웰뗄ꆣ춬쪱ꎬ붫퓋탐뷡맻랴삡룸닎폫헟ꎬ늢뛔ퟩ횯폫퓋탐쒣쪽뷸탐쫊떱뗷헻ꆣ?ꎨ?ꎩ훕횹ꆣ떱탩쓢웳튵췪돉튻뚨뗄쒿뗄ꎬ믲헟틲캪쫐뎡믺믡쿻쪧ꆢ훷튪닎폫헟쳡돶훕횹ꆢ럻뫏쒳훖쳘뚨뗄풼뚨쳵뿮틔벰쒳훖쳘쫢뗄뇤뮯뗈풭틲뛸훕횹쪱ꎬ뻍뷸죫쇋퓋탐훕횹ꆢ닺쟥쯣폫솪쏋뷢쳥뗄훕횹뷗뛎ꆣ?탩쓢웳튵ꎨ噩?瑵慬⁅湴敲灲楳?ꎩꎬ쫇떱쫐뎡돶쿖탂믺폶쪱ꎬ뻟폐늻춬풴폫폅쫆뗄웳튵캪쇋릲춬뾪췘쫐뎡ꎬ릲춬뛔뢶웤쯻뗄뺺헹헟뛸ퟩ횯뗄ꆢ붨솢퓚탅쾢췸싧믹뒡짏뗄릲쿭벼쫵폫탅쾢ꎬ럖떣럑폃ꎬ솪뫏뾪랢뗄ꆢ뮥샻뗄웳튵솪쏋쳥ꆣ탩쓢웳튵뗄돶쿖뎣뎣쫇닎폫솪쏋뗄웳튵ힷ쟳튻훖췪좫뾿ퟔ짭쓜솦듯늻떽뗄뎬뎣쒿뇪ꎬ벴헢훖쒿뇪튪룟폚웳튵퓋폃ퟔ짭풴뿉틔듯떽뗄쿞뛈ꆣ틲듋웳튵ퟔ랢뗄튪쟳춻웆ퟔ짭뗄ퟩ횯뷧쿞ꎬ뇘탫폫웤쯻뛔듋쒿뇪폐릲쪶뗄웳튵쪵쿖13
웳튵짺첬쾵춳훐뗄믯냩톡퓱폫움볛 좫랽캻뗄햽싔솪쏋ꎬ릲붨탩쓢웳튵ꎬ닅폐뿉쓜쪵쿖헢튻쒿뇪ꆣꋙ?탩쓢웳튵뻟폐틔쿂쳘뗣ꎺ?ꎨ?ꎩ탩쓢탔ꆣ탩쓢웳튵늻쫇램싉틢틥짏뗄췪헻뗄뺭볃쪵쳥ꎬ늻뻟놸뛀솢뗄램죋룱ꎬ횻쫇튻훖ퟩ횯탎쪽ꆣ튻킩뻟폐늻춬풴벰폅쫆뗄웳튵캪쇋릲춬뗄샻틦믲쒿뇪ퟟ떽튻웰ꎬퟩ돉탩쓢웳튵ꎬ튻떩듯떽뫏ퟷ쒿뗄ꎬ룃ퟩ횯뻍믡ퟔ탐뷢즢ꆣ?ꎨ?ꎩ헻뫏탔ꆣ탩쓢웳튵훐뗄쎿룶돉풱뚼튪릱쿗튻뚨뗄풴ꎬ릩듳볒릲쿭ꎬ뛸쟒웤퓋탐뗄벯뫏뺺헹폅쫆뫍뺺헹솦쮮욽듳폚룷룶닎폫헟뗄뺺헹폅쫆뫍뺺헹솦쮮욽뗄볲떥쿠볓ꆣ퓚쯹헻뫏뗄룷훖폅쫆훐ꎬ벼쫵폅쫆쫇ퟮ훘튪뗄ꆣ평폚벼쫵폅쫆뗄뮥늹폫솪뫏ꎬ탩쓢웳튵퓚닺욷믲럾컱뗄벼쫵뾪랢짏룼죝틗탎돉잿듳뗄뺺헹폅쫆ꎬ쪹웤뾪랢뗄닺욷믲럾컱퓚쫐뎡짏뒦폚쇬쿈ꎬ헢쫇죎뫎떥룶쪵쳥웳튵뫜쓑듯떽뗄ꆣ?ꎨ?ꎩ쇩믮탔ꆣ탩쓢웳튵뗄룷돉풱웳튵쫇돶폚릲춬뗄탨튪ꆢ릲춬뗄쒿뇪ퟟ떽튻웰뷡쏋ꎬ튻떩뫏ퟷ쒿뗄듯떽ꎬ헢훖솪쏋뇣뿉쓜탻룦뷡쫸ꎬ탩쓢웳튵뇣뿉쓜쿻쪧ꆣ틲듋ꎬ탩쓢웳튵뿉쓜쫇쇙쪱탔뗄ꎬ튲뿉쓜쫇뎤웚탔뗄ꎬ쎻폐만뚨뗄쪱볤쿞훆ꆣ?붫짏쫶탩쓢웳튵뗄룅쓮벰쳘헷폫잰쫶웳튵짺첬쾵춳뗄룅쓮벰쳘헷뷸탐뇈뷏ꎬ랢쿖뛾헟쳘헷믹놾쿠춬ꎬ춬쪱ꎬ퓚웤쯻랽쏦죧쯼쏇춬쫴폚쯉즢뗄췸싧ퟩ횯탎쪽ꆢ죧쾵춳돉풱웳튵뷧쿞쒣뫽ꆢ틔벰쾵춳랶캧늻좷뚨탔뗈뚼뻟폐쿠쯆탔ꆣ헽쫇평폚헢킩쿠쯆탔뗄듦퓚ꎬ컒쏇뿉듓웤쯻톧헟뛔탩쓢웳튵뗄퓋ퟷ쒣탍퇐뺿돉맻믱뗃튻킩웴쪾ꎬ뷡뫏웳튵짺첬쾵춳뗄룅쓮벰쳘뗣ꎬ틀뻝춼???ꎬ릹붨웳튵짺첬쾵춳뗄튻냣맽돌죧춼???쯹쪾ꎺ??뫋탄웳튵뗄붨솢뫋탄뺺헹솦뗄쪶뇰?ힼ돉풱웳튵믯냩톡퓱쾵춳ퟩ횯붨솢믹뒡짨쪩릹붨???춼??㔠릹붨웳튵짺첬쾵춳뗄튻냣맽돌?ꎨ?ꎩ뫋탄웳튵뗄좷솢ꆣ웳튵짺첬쾵춳쯤좻폫탩쓢웳튵뻟폐뛠랽쏦뗄쿠쯆탔ꎬ떫뛾헟튲듦퓚뫜뛠닮틬ꎬ웤훐ퟮ쏷쿔뗄쫇릹붨뗄훷뚯탔폫놻뚯탔ꎬ벴폫탩쓢웳튵쫇룷돉풱웳튵평폚놻뚯쫊펦쫐뎡믺믡뛸ퟟ떽튻웰늻춬ꎬ웳튵짺첬쾵춳퓲쫇캪펦뛔뚯첬쫐뎡뮷뺳뛸훷뚯탎돉뗄뷏뎤웚ꆢ뷏컈뚨ꆢ췸싧뮯뗄ꆢ뢴퓓탔뗄쾵춳ퟩ횯ꆣ뛸훷뚯릹붨쾵춳뗄훷쳥벴뫋탄웳튵ꆣ헢헽죧ퟔ좻짺첬쾵춳훐듦퓚ꆰ맘볼훖ꆱ튻퇹ꎬ웳튵짺첬쾵춳훐퓲폐뫋탄웳튵ꆣ뫋탄웳튵뗄좷솢뇪횾ퟅ웳튵 ꋙ?쏷뷜훷뇠ꎬ헔뒺쏷훸ꆶ탩쓢웳튵ꆷꎬ몼훝ꎺ헣붭죋쏱돶냦짧ꎬ1999 14 ICT
웳튵짺첬쾵춳훐뗄믯냩톡퓱폫움볛 짺첬쾵춳릺붨뗄뾪쪼ꎬ쯼ꎨ떥룶웳튵ꎩ믲쯼쏇ꎨ뛠룶웳튵ꎩ붫돉캪틔뫳뮷뷚쪵쪩뗄훷쳥ꆣ?ꎨ?ꎩힼ돉풱웳튵뫋탄뺺헹솦뗄쪶뇰ꆣㄹ㤰쓪ꎬ쏀맺톧헟䌮䬮偲慬慨慤폫䜮䡡浥?퓚ꆶ맾런짌튵움싛ꆷ랢뇭쇋ꆰ웳튵뫋탄쓜솦ꆱ튻컄ꎬ쏷좷쳡돶ꆰ웳튵쫇뫋탄쓜솦벯뫏쳥ꆱ뗄맛뗣ꆣ뫋탄뺺헹솦튲돆뫋탄쓜솦ꎬ쫇붨솢퓚웳튵뫋탄풴뫍맘볼튪쯘뗄믹뒡횮짏ꎬ웳튵뗄훇솦ꆢ벼쫵ꆢ닺욷ꆢ맜샭ꆢ컄뮯뗄ퟛ뫏폅쫆퓚쫐뎡짏뗄랴펳ꆣ폻릹붨웳튵짺첬쾵춳ꎬ뫋탄웳튵탨쫗쿈뛔ힼ돉풱웳튵뗄뫋탄뺺헹솦뷸탐쪶뇰ꆣ뛔웳튵뫋탄뺺헹솦뗄쪶뇰뿉듓틔쿂죽랽쏦뾼싇ꎺ튻쫇쫇럱뻟폐뛀쳘탔ꆣ벴웳튵뗄뫋탄뺺헹솦쓜럱ퟮ훕뮯캪웳튵뗄뺺헹닮틬ꎬ룃닮틬쫇럱틗놻쒣럂ꎻ뛾쫇폫웳튵뗄죚뫏탔ꆣ뫋탄뺺헹솦췹췹쫇째춸폚웳튵뗄룷룶랽쏦뗄ꎬ폫웳튵쫇죚캪튻쳥뗄ꎬ쫇뫜쓑놻냾샫뗄ꎻ죽쫇뎤웚탔ꆣ벴룃웳튵뗄뫋탄뺺헹솦뗄잱솦듳킡ꎬ쫇럱믡캪웳튵듸살뎤웚샻틦ꆣ?ꎨ?ꎩ믯냩톡퓱ꆣ듋뒦뗄믯냩톡퓱늢럇횸헻룶짺첬쾵춳돉풱뗄톡퓱ꎬ뛸쫇횸뒦폚뫋탄짺첬쾵춳돉풱뗄톡퓱ꆣ틲캪퓚웳튵짺첬쾵춳헢룶엓듳뛸뢴퓓뗄뚯첬췸싧ퟩ횯훐ꎬ듳늿럖돉풱뚼쫇춨맽쫐뎡뗄볛횵솴ퟔ좻뗘솪쾵퓚튻웰뗄ꎬ뛸늻쫇좫늿평뫋탄웳튵튻튻톡돶살뗄ꆣ횻폐뒦폚뫋탄짺첬쾵춳뗄뫋탄돉풱쏇닅쫇평뫋탄웳튵훷뚯톡퓱뗄ꆣ평듋ꎬ뿉뾴돶믯냩톡퓱퓚헻룶웳튵짺첬쾵춳릹붨맽돌훐뗄훘튪탔ꎬ쯼붫뻶뚨틔뫳헻룶웳튵짺첬쾵춳뗄탔훊벰랢햹랽쿲뫍랢햹잱솦ꆣ틲듋ꎬ톡좡뫏샭뗄틲쯘ꎬ펦폃뿆톧뗄쫖뛎ꎬ뷸탐뫋탄짺첬쾵춳돉풱뗄톡퓱돉캪쾵춳릹붨뗄훘튪죎컱ꆣ?ꎨ?ꎩ쾵춳ퟩ횯붨솢ꆣ퓚뫋탄짺첬쾵춳돉풱톡뚨믹뒡짏ꎬ쾵춳탨벰쪱짨볆웤퓋ퟷ쒣쪽ꎬ좷뚨ퟩ횯탎쪽ꆣ룃ퟩ횯탎쪽늻춬폚웳튵쓚늿ퟩ횯탎쪽ꎬ뛸쫇붨솢퓚볛횵솴짏뗄쾵춳룷웳튵릲짺솴쳵ꎬ뇭쿖캪룼볓뢴퓓뫍뚯첬ꆣ룷돉풱웳튵놾ퟅ릲춬뗄쒿뇪틔웤ퟔ짭뗄뛀쳘폅쫆ퟟ떽튻웰ꎬ쿠뮥볦죝ꎬ뮥춨폐컞ꎬ틔듯떽헻쳥킭ퟷ킧펦ꆣ?ꎨ?ꎩ䥃?믹뒡짨쪩릹붨ꆣ탅쾢춨탅벼쫵ꎨ䥃?ꎩ믹뒡짨쪩뗄릹붨폐샻폚웳튵짺첬쾵춳뗄붡뾵퓋탐ꆣퟔ좫쟲뷸죫탂뺭볃쪱듺틔살ꎬ탅쾢벼쫵죕탂퓂틬ꎬ탅쾢췸싧뮯돉캪훷쇷ꎬ웳튵퓚쫐뎡짏뗄튻쟐믮뚯믲붻틗뚼샫늻뾪탅쾢춨탅벼쫵뗄횧돖ꎬ䥃?퓲캪웳튵쓚늿ꆢ웳튵볤틔벰쾵춳쓚늿뗈뗄릵춨쳡릩쇋펲볾놣헏ꆣ?㈮?웳튵짺첬쾵춳돉풱볤맘쾵ꎭꎭ킭춬뷸뮯?퓚탂뺭볃쪱듺횮잰ꎬ웳튵뒦폚탨쟳뷏컈뚨ꆢ쫐뎡믺믡뷏뛠ꆢ뺺헹뛔쫖뷏짙틔벰뺺헹랶캧뷏킡뗈뗄컈뚨뮷뺳쿂ꎬ뛸쯦ퟅ탅쾢쪱듺뗄떽살ꎬ웳튵쯹뒦뗄뮷뺳랢짺쇋뻞듳뗄훊뗄룄뇤ꎬ쓇쎴쯦횮룄뇤뗄뻍쫇웳튵볤뗄뺺헹룱뻖ꆣ틔잰웳튵훷튪닉좡뗄쫇쓣쯀컒믮뗄뺺헹햽싔ꎬ죧듳룣볛룱햽ꆢ돉놾햽뗈ꎬ헢퇹뺺헹뗄뷡맻췹췹쫇솽냜뻣짋ꆣ쏦뛔탂뗄뢴퓓뗄뚯첬뮷뺳ꎬ웳튵뾪쪼15
웳튵짺첬쾵춳훐뗄믯냩톡퓱폫움볛 틢쪶떽웳튵튪쿫헦헽뎤웚랢햹ꎬ떥뾿ퟔ벺뗄솦솿쫇풶풶늻릻뗄ꎬ펦룃닉좡폫헻룶췸싧쾵춳솪쾵웰살뗄햽싔쮼캬ꎬ벴퓚잿뗷ퟔ짭뗄짺듦뫍랢햹뗄춬쪱ꎬ룼볓힢훘웳튵룷쿠맘샻틦좺쳥틔벰헻룶췸싧쾵춳뗄붡뾵랢햹폫뷸뮯ꎬ듓뛸듙뷸헻룶웳튵짺첬쾵춳뗄릲춬뷸뮯ꆢ릲춬랢햹뫍랱죙ꆣ?㈮㐮ㄠ킭춬뷸뮯샭싛뗄쳡돶?듯뛻컄폚ㄸ㔹쓪돶냦뗄ꆶ룹뻝ퟔ좻톡퓱뗄컯훖웰풴ꆷꎨ볲돆ꆶ컯훖웰풴ꆷꎩ쫗듎뿆톧뛸쾵춳뗘쳡돶쇋ퟔ좻뷧뗄뷸뮯톧쮵ꆣ룃톧쮵쳥쾵뗄뫋탄쮼쿫쫇컯훖믹폚ퟔ짭뗄틅뒫폫뇤틬ꎬ퓚ퟔ좻톡퓱뗄ퟷ폃쿂ꎬ춨맽짺듦뺺헹ꎬ틽웰탔ힴ럖웧뛸뷸뮯ꆣ룃톧쮵놻돆캪쫇쪮뻅쫀볍뗄캰듳랢쿖횮튻ꎬ뛔짺컯톧벰죋샠쮼쿫쇬폲닺짺쇋짮풶뗄펰쿬ꆣ좻뛸ꎬ죎뫎샭싛뚼늻뿉쓜쫇췪쏀뗄ꎬ쯦ퟅ뿆톧뗄늻뛏랢햹ꎬ듯뛻컄뷸뮯톧쮵뗄늻ퟣ훰붥놻뫳죋랢쿖ꎬ샽죧ꎬ듯뛻컄뷸뮯톧쮵뛔ꆰퟔ좻톡퓱ꆱ뗄맽럖잿뗷틔벰떥튻뗘횸돶ꆰ짺듦뺺헹ꆱ컯훖맘쾵ꎬ헫뛔헢킩늻ퟣꎬ뫜뛠톧헟뷸탐쇋듳솿뗄믽벫뛸뿆톧뗄첽쯷ꎬ늢좡뗃돉맻ꆣ킭춬뷸뮯샭싛헽쫇퓚헢퇹뗄뮷뺳쿂랢햹웰살뗄ꆣ?††ꆰ킭춬뷸뮯ꆱ⡣潥癯汵瑩湯?튻듊ퟮ퓧쫇평䕨牬楣?뫍剡癥?ꋙ⠱?㘴?퓚쏨쫶횲컯폫횲쪳삥돦뛔뇋듋뷸뮯뿉쓜닺짺뗄펰쿬훐쳡돶살뗄ꆣ副畨杧摡牮?ꋚ⠱㤷㘩붫킭춬뷸뮯룼맣랺뗘뚨틥캪헢퇹튻훖뷸뮯?퓚헢훖뷸뮯훐ꎬ쎿튻믹틲탍뗄쫊펦뛈틀삵폚훖좺뗄쏜뛈ꆢ룃컯훖ퟔ짭틔벰쫜쯼펰쿬뗄웤쯻컯훖뗄믹틲ퟩ돉ꆣ䍨物獴潰桥爠뫍剩捨慲?ꋛ⠱㤹㜩퓲죏캪킭춬뷸뮯쫇횸솽룶믲룼뛠뗄컯훖춨맽쿠뮥맘솪뗄쫊펦뛈춬쪱뷸뮯ꆣ퓚튻룶쳘뚨뗄짺첬쾵춳훐ꎬ평폚룷훖컯훖퓚짺첬짏듦퓚ퟅ횱뷓믲헟볤뷓뗄솪쾵ꎬ틲듋ꎬ떱웤훐튻룶컯훖뷸뮯쪱ꎬ뿉쓜믡룄뇤ퟷ폃폚웤쯻짺컯뗄톡퓱톹솦ꎬ듓뛸틽웰웤쯻짺컯뗄쫊펦탔뇤뮯ꎬ뛸헢훖뇤뮯붫믡틽웰쿠맘컯훖뗄뷸튻늽뇤뮯ꆣ쯹틔ꎬ짺컯뗄뷸뮯늢늻쫇떥뛀뷸탐뗄ꎬ뛸쫇퓚뛔웤쯻쿠맘컯훖닺짺펰쿬늢쟒폖쫜웤쯻컯훖벰뮷뺳펰쿬뗄쮫훘ퟷ폃쿂ꆰ킭춬ꆱ뷸탐뗄ꆣ?쿖퓚놻톧쫵뷧웕뇩죏춬뗄펦쫇퇯폚ㄹ㠰쓪룸돶뗄킭춬뷸뮯뚨틥ꎬ벴?튻컯훖뗄쒳튻쳘탔평폚믘펦쇭튻컯훖뗄쒳튻쳘탔뛸뷸뮯ꎬ뛸뫳헟뗄룃쳘탔튲춬퇹평폚믘펦잰헟뗄쳘탔뛸뷸뮯ꆣꋜ?춻웆듯뛻컄떥뒿잿뗷컯훖횮볤뗄ꆰ짺듦뺺헹ꆱꎬ킭춬뷸뮯샭싛퓲죏캪ꎬ퓚ퟔ좻짺첬쾵춳훐솽룶컯훖횮볤뗄맘쾵펦냼삨솽샠ꎺ튻샠쫇냼삨짺듦뺺헹퓚쓚뗄뢺쿠뮥ퟷ폃ꎬ뢺쿠뮥ퟷ폃뮹냼몬욫몦ꆢ늶쪳뫍별짺뗈ꎻ쇭튻샠퓲쫇횸헽뗄쿠뮥ퟷ폃ꎬ냼몬욫샻릲짺뫍뮥샻릲짺ꆣ춬쪱ꎬ헢 ꋙEhrlich, P. R. & Raven, P. H., Butterflies and plants: a study in coevolution[J]. Evolution, 1964(18): 586-608 ꋚRoughgarden, J., Resource partitioning among competing speciesꎭa coevolutionary approach[J], Theoretical Population Biology, 1976, 9(3): 388-424 ꋛChristopher D. Rosin, Richard K. Belew, New Methods for Competitive Coevolution[J], Evolutionary Computation, 1997, 5(1): 1-29 ꋜ 헅쫷틥, 킭춬뷸뮯(튻)쿠뮥ퟷ폃폫뷸뮯샭싛, 짺컯톧춨놨, 1996, 31(11): 35-36 16
웳튵짺첬쾵춳훐뗄믯냩톡퓱폫움볛 솽훖쿠랴뗄ퟷ폃뮹듦퓚ퟅ튻룶훘튪뗄믹놾풭샭ꎬ벴퓚짺첬쾵춳뗄뷸뮯훐ꎬ뢺쿠뮥ퟷ폃늻뛏복짙ꎬ뛸헽ퟷ폃좴쟷폚퓶볓ꎬ벴컯훖횮볤뗄릲짺맘쾵쟷폚퓶볓ꆣ?쇭췢ꎬ퇐뺿뮹랢쿖ꎬ퓚짺첬쾵춳훐듦퓚ퟅ틲ퟓ늹뎥킧펦ꎬ벴짺컯훖좺볤춨맽쿠뮥뗷뷚살릲춬쫊펦뮵뺳뗄뇤뮯ꎬ웤믺훆쫇춨맽짺컯횮볤릦쓜뗄뮥늹뫍쳦듺ퟷ폃틔믖뢴믲헟쳡룟뮷뺳뗄헻쳥쮮욽ꎬ벴ꎬ짺첬쾵춳뗄뷸뮯쫇훖좺뗄킭춬뷸뮯ꆣ?ퟜ횮ꎬ틀뻝킭춬뷸뮯샭싛ꎬ튻룶훖좺뗄뷸뮯뿉쓜믡룄뇤ퟷ폃폚웤쯻훖좺뗄톹솦ꎬ듓뛸틽웰웤쯻훖좺쫊펦탔룄뇤ꎬ뛸헢훖룄뇤붫믡틽웰쿠맘훖좺뗄뷸튻늽룄뇤ꎬ틲듋ꎬ솽룶믲헟룼뛠뗄훖좺뷸뮯뎣뎣쫇쿠뮥펰쿬ꎬퟮ훕탎돉튻룶쿠뮥ퟷ폃뗄뷸뮯쾵춳ꆣ?㈮㐮㈠킭춬뷸뮯뗄뇭쿖탎쪽?뇘탫횸돶ꎬ킭춬뷸뮯샭싛폫듯뛻컄뷸뮯샭싛늢럇쿠뮥뛔솢뗄ꎬ킭춬뷸뮯샭싛쫇뛔듯뛻컄뷸뮯샭싛뗄랢햹폫늹돤ꆣ벴ꎬ튻랽쏦킭춬뷸뮯샭싛퓚돐죏ꆰ짺듦뺺헹ꆱ뗄믹뒡짏ꎬ쳡돶컯훖볤뮹듦퓚릲짺맘쾵ꎬ쟒헢훖헽쿠뮥ퟷ폃맘쾵돊쿖죕틦퓶볓뗄쟷쫆ꎻ쇭튻랽쏦ꎬ룼뷸튻닣횸돶뺺헹폫릲짺뗄놾훊쫇쿠춬뗄ꎬ벴듙뷸짺첬쾵춳뗄헻쳥뷸뮯ꆣ헽믹폚듋틢틥ꎬ뫜뛠톧헟붫킭춬뷸뮯뗄뇭쿖탎쪽럖캪솽훖ꎺ뺺헹뷸뮯폫뫏ퟷ뷸뮯ꆣ?ꎨ?ꎩ뺺헹뷸뮯ꆣ?뺺헹뷸뮯횸컯훖횮볤뗄맘쾵뇭쿖캪뺺헹ꎬ떫뺺헹뗄뷡맻쫇쮫랽뗄뷸뮯ꆣ듋뒦뗄뺺헹헽쫇듯뛻컄뷸뮯톧쮵뗄ꆰ짺듦뺺헹ꆱꎬ벴컯훖볤맘쾵뇭쿖캪듋쿻뇋뎤ꆢ쓣쯀컒믮뗄뢺쿠뮥ퟷ폃ꎬ헢훖뺺헹뿉틔랢짺퓚춬튻컯훖쓚뗄늻춬룶쳥횮볤ꎬ믲헟늻춬컯훖횮볤ꎬ짵훁짺컯폫췢뷧뗄짺믮쳵볾횮볤ꆣ뛔폚컯훖뗄룶쳥뛸퇔ꎬ뺺헹뗄듦퓚틢캶ퟅ쯀췶뗄럧쿕ꎬ떫뛔폚헻룶컯훖살쮵ꎬ헢훖뺺헹좴쫇듙뷸컯훖뷸뮯뗄뚯솦쯹퓚ꆣ컯훖캪쇋쓜릻퓚뺺헹훐좡쪤ꎬ뇘탫룄뇤웤풭폐뗄탎첬ꆢ짺샭벰짺믮쳘탔ꎬ틔쳡룟ퟔ짭뗄ퟛ뫏뺺헹쓜솦ꎬ벴퓚뺺헹훐ꎬ폐뗄룶쳥틲캪믹틲뗄실뫳컞램쫊펦뮷뺳ꎬ뛸놻쳔청ꎻ폐뗄룶쳥퓲틲캪틅뒫뫍뇤틬쪹ퟔ벺쒳튻탔헷룄뇤뗃틔쫊펦뮷뺳ꆣ뛸듦믮쿂살ꎬ쓇쎴듦믮쿂살뗄룶쳥뻍쫇룃컯훖뷸뮯뗄듺뇭ꆣ뛸헢훖믺훆쫇컯훖횮볤쿠뮥뗄ꎬ폚쫇뷸뛸뇭쿖돶킭춬뷸뮯뗄쳘헷ꆣ?붫헢훖믺훆틾폷떽웳튵짺첬쾵춳훐ꎬ퓲튻냣뇭쿖캪쾵춳훐뗄웳튵폫횱뷓뺺헹헟횮볤뗄뺺헹뷸뮯탐캪랽쪽ꆣ탨튪횸돶ꎬ퓚웳튵짺첬쾵춳닣쏦뾼싇뗄웳튵볤뗄뺺헹폫틔췹퓚떥룶웳튵닣쏦뗄쫇폐쯹늻춬뗄ꆣ쾵춳쓚짺닺쿠쯆닺욷믲럾컱뗄웳튵볤뗄뺺헹쫗쿈뇭쿖캪뾪랢룼볓쿈뷸뗄벼쫵ꆢ닉좡룼볓룟킧뗄펪쿺쫖뛎ꆢ짺닺룼럻뫏쿻럑헟탨튪뗄닺욷믲럾컱뗈ꎬ살폫뛔쫖뾹뫢ꎬ뫜쏷쿔ꎬ헢훖뺺헹맽돌믡쪹쮫랽웳튵룷랽쏦뚼뗃떽랢햹뫍췪짆ꆣ쇭췢ꎬ퓚웳튵짺첬쾵춳쓚뗄횱뷓뺺헹헟횮볤룼뛠뗄퓲뇭쿖캪릲춬쿭폐쾵춳쯹쳡릩뗄붻틗쓚늿뮯ꆢ쫕틦킭춬뮯뗄폐샻풴ꎬ17
웳튵짺첬쾵춳훐뗄믯냩톡퓱폫움볛 폫쾵춳췢쿠쯆웳튵뷸탐뺺헹ꎬ좡뗃떥룶웳튵뺭펪쯹컞램좡뗃뗄샻죳ꎬ듓쒳훖틢틥짏붲ꎬ헢뻍쫇튻훖릲짺맘쾵쇋ꆣ헢훖퓚짺첬톧훐돆캪붵뗍짺첬캻훘뗾ꆢ쳡룟뇋듋쿠뮥쫊펦뛈뗄맽돌쪵볊짏쫇튻훖볤뷓뗄뫏ퟷ뷸뮯탎쪽ꆣꋙ?ꎨ?ꎩ뫏ퟷ뷸뮯ꆣ?헢훖뷸뮯탎쪽쿂컯훖볤뗄맘쾵뇭쿖캪헽쿠뮥ퟷ폃ꎬ뷡맻춬퇹쫇릲춬뷸뮯ꆣ헢훖탎쪽쫇킭춬뷸뮯퇐뺿뗄훷튪탎쪽ꆣ뫏ퟷ뷸뮯춨뎣랢짺퓚뻟폐뫏ퟷ맘쾵뗄컯훖횮볤ꆣ뮥샻릲짺뗄솽룶컯훖ꎬ죧맻웤훐뗄튻룶컯훖랢짺탎ힴ뗄룄뇤ꎬ쓇쎴쇭췢튻룶컯훖뻍믡춨맽릲짺맘쾵뫍ퟷ폃랢짺쿠펦뗄뇤뮯ꎬ랴맽살헢훖뇤뮯폖믡뛔잰헟닺짺튻뚨뗄펰쿬ꎬ죧듋톭뮷췹뢴ꎬ듓뛸쪹뗃솽룶컯훖돊쿖킭춬뷸뮯뗄쟷쫆ꆣ?퓚웳튵짺첬쾵춳훐ꎬ헢훖탐캪랽쪽튻냣랢짺퓚짏쿂폎웳튵틔벰뮥늹웳튵횮볤ꆣ뛔폚짏쿂폎웳튵살쮵ꎬ떱웳튵룶쳥폫웤짏폎뗄릩펦짌폫쿂폎뗄맋뿍믲쿻럑헟릲춬ퟩ돉웳튵킭춬쳥틔뫳ꎬ뇣틢캶ퟅ붫풭살뗄붻틗탐캪쓚뮯캪웳튵릲짺쳥쓚늿뗄컯훊ꆢ볛횵뫍탅쾢뗄쇷춨ꎬ틔듯떽붵뗍ퟮ훕닺욷돉놾뗄쒿뗄ꎬ쳡룟룃릲짺쳥뗄헻쳥뺺헹솦ꆣ틔뫏ퟷ뷸뮯탐캪캪훷튪쳘헷뗄웳튵릲짺쳥훷튪쫇캪쇋쪵쿖탅쾢릲쿭ꎬ놣횤웤쓚늿뗄릩펦짌ꆢ웳튵폫맋뿍죽랽틔ퟮ킡럑폃믱좡ퟮ듳킧틦ꎬ쪵쿖헻쳥짺듦돉놾뗄ퟮ킡뮯ꆣ뛔폚뮥늹웳튵살쮵ꎬ뛔폚뮥늹웳튵ꎬ튻킩웳튵룶쳥듓햽싔랢햹뗄탨튪돶랢ꎬ폫웤쯼웳튵룶쳥춨맽잩뚩웵풼탎돉뷴쏜뗄웳튵릲짺쳥ꎬ냼삨킭솦헟뫍솪쏋헟ꆣ솪쏋헟뫍킭솦헟뗄릲춬쳘뗣쫇폫웳튵듦퓚튻훖뮥늹맘쾵ꎬ웳튵룶쳥춨맽폫솪쏋헟ퟩ돉웳튵릲짺쳥살퓶잿ퟔ벺뗄뫋탄뺺헹쓜솦뫍쳡짽닺욷뗄뺺헹솦ꎬ춨맽랢믓쮫랽뮥늹폅쫆릲춬췘햹짌믺뫍햼쇬쫐뎡럝뛮ꆣ듋췢ꎬ뮥늹릲짺뗄웳튵릲짺쳥펦퓚닺욷뾪랢뫍쫐뎡췆맣쪱붨솢뷴쏜릵춨쟾뗀ꎬ틔놣돖킭뗷ꆣ?ퟜ횮ꎬ짺컯횮볤볈쿠뮥뺺헹ꆢ쿠뮥훆풼ꎬ폖쿠뮥뫏ퟷꆢ쿠뮥듙뷸ꆣ뺺헹뷸뮯뫍뫏ퟷ뷸뮯쫇짺컯킭춬뷸뮯뗄솽훖뇭쿖탎쪽ꆣ평폚짺컯횮볤췹췹춬쪱듦퓚뺺헹맘쾵뫍뫏ퟷ맘쾵ꎬ횻쫇뛾헟뗄돌뛈폐쯹늻춬ꎬ틲듋짺컯뗄뺺헹뷸뮯뫍뫏ퟷ뷸뮯튲쫇쿠뢨쿠돉뗄ꎬ릲춬릹돉짺컯뗄킭춬뷸뮯ꆣ?㈮㐮㌠킭춬뷸뮯뗄쳘뗣ꋚ?킭춬뷸뮯쫗쿈잿뗷뗄쫇컯훖놾짭뗄뷸뮯ꎬ벴뷸뮯맽돌쫇튻룶듓뗍벶떽룟벶ꆢ듓볲떥떽뢴퓓뗄늻뛏짏짽뗄뷗뛎ꆣ폐믺쳥퓚쫊펦췢뷧뮷뺳뇤뮯뗄맽돌훐춨맽뷸뮯틔탎돉탂뗄컯훖췹췹탨튪뫜뎤쪱볤ꎬ샽죧ꎬ듓뿖쇺뷸뮯떽쓱뺭샺쇋풼벸냙췲쓪뗄쪱볤ꆣ뛸웳튵퓚쫊펦쫐뎡뇤뮯훐뿉 ꋙ 샮폂. 믹폚톭뮷뺭볃뗄웳튵벯좺짺첬뮯퇐뺿 [D]. 뫓몣듳톧, 2006 ꋚ 췵솢횾. 웳튵럂짺뗄믺샭뫍뇭탍퇐뺿[D]. 뮪훐뿆벼듳톧, 2004 18
웳튵짺첬쾵춳훐뗄믯냩톡퓱폫움볛 틔닺짺뛠듎뷸뮯탐캪ꎬ샽죧ꎬ솪쿫쓚늿뗄쯹폐훆룄퓬짱훝쫽싫듓솪쿫뗄럖샫뗈ꆣ뫍짺컯쳥쿠뇈뷏웳튵ퟔ짭뿘훆뷸뮯랽쿲뗄쓜솦튪룼잿튻킩ꎬ뛸짺컯뷸뮯퓲췹췹듸폐쒳훖쎤쒿탔ꎬ쫇튻훖늻뛏쫔듭뗄맽돌ꆣ?웤듎ꎬ킭춬뷸뮯쫇횸뮷뺳훐컯훖볤뗄쿠뮥펰쿬뫍쿠뮥ퟷ폃맘쾵ꎬ벴춨맽ퟔ짭뷸뮯살펰쿬웤쯻컯훖뗄뷸뮯ꎬ떫춬쪱웤쯻컯훖뗄뷸뮯폖룄뇤ퟅퟔ짭뗄뷸뮯슷뺶ꎬ헢ퟮ훕붫떼훂헻룶쾵춳돉캪튻룶뮥쿠ퟷ폃뗄헻쳥ꆣ샽죧ꎬ샇뗄듦퓚뇜쏢쇋승좺뗄쫽솿뗄맽뛈엲헍듓뛸떼훂웤쪳컯풴뗄뷴헅ꎬ승캪쇋쳓뇜놻늶쪳뗄쏼퓋튪뺭뎣놼엜ꎬ헢뻍떼훂승좺룼잿ힳꆣ뛸헢폖튪쟳샇뇘탫뷸뮯틔쪹ퟔ벺룼잿ힳ틔뇣쓜늶떽승ꆣ††?쯹틔ꎬ컯훖횮볤뗄뺺헹믲뫏ퟷ맘쾵웤쪵훊짏쫇튻훖킭춬뷸뮯쒣쪽ꆣ헢훖킭춬뷸뮯뿉틔쪹쾵춳룼볓컈뚨뫍킭뗷ꎬ튻룶ퟔ좻뛸컈뚨뗄좺실쓜릻ퟮ돤럖뗘샻폃쓜솿뫍킭뗷쓚늿컯훖볤뗄맘쾵ꆣ킭춬뷸뮯잿뗷뗄쫇튻훖쿠뮥췗킭뗄뷸뮯맽돌ꆣ19
웳튵짺첬쾵춳훐뗄믯냩톡퓱폫움볛 뗚죽헂?웳튵짺첬쾵춳릹붨맽돌훐뗄믯냩톡퓱?퓚웳튵짺첬쾵춳릹붨돵웚ꎬ뫋탄웳튵좷솢횮뫳ꎬ뻍탨뷸탐횱뷓뫏ퟷ믯냩뗄톡퓱쇋ꆣ듋뒦뗄믯냩톡퓱뷶횸뛔뫋탄짺첬쾵춳돉풱믯냩뗄톡퓱ꎬ늢럇헻룶웳튵짺첬쾵춳돉풱뗄톡퓱ꆣ틲캪퓚헻룶웳튵짺첬쾵춳훐ꎬ듳뛠쫽웳튵돉풱ꎬ폈웤쫇뒦폚뫋탄웳튵짺첬쾵춳췢캧뗄뢨훺웳튵믲떥캻ꎬ쫇춨맽쫐뎡ퟔ훷탎돉뗄볛횵솴뛸놻쓉죫뗄ꎬ뛸늻쫇평뫋탄웳튵훷뚯뗘톡죫ꆣ뫋탄웳튵짺첬쾵춳쫇헻룶웳튵짺첬쾵춳뗄쓚퓠ꎬ쯼뗄폅쇓붫횱뷓펰쿬떽헻룶쾵춳뗄붡뾵퓋ퟷ폫뎤풶랢햹ꎬ쓇쎴톡퓱쪲쎴퇹뗄웳튵ퟷ캪뫋탄웳튵뗄횱뷓뫏ퟷ믯냩ꎬ틔벰죧뫎톡퓱뻍돉캪쇋웳튵짺첬쾵춳릹붨맽돌훐뗄튻룶벫웤훘튪뗄컊쳢ꆣ?㌮ㄠ믯냩톡퓱뗄훷쳥?죧잰컄쯹쫶ꎬ짌튵짺첬쾵춳뫍ퟔ좻짺첬쾵춳뻟폐튻룶릲춬뗣ꎬ벴쯼쏇뚼펵폐튻킩뫋탄돉풱ꆣ퓚웳튵짺첬쾵춳훐ꎬ튲듦퓚뫍ퟔ좻짺첬쾵춳샠쯆뗄ꆰ맘볼ꆱ컯훖ꎬ쾵춳훐뗄튻볒믲짙쫽벸볒릫쮾펵폐튻훖믲벸훖뿉쓜돉캪룸ퟮ훕맋뿍듸살뻞듳샻틦뗄믹뒡뗄뫋탄뺺헹쓜솦ꎬ쓜캪룃웳튵짺첬쾵춳웤쯻돉풱쳡릩맘볼탔뗄샻죳ꎬ헢킩웳튵뿉돆캪웳튵짺첬쾵춳뗄뫋탄웳튵ꆣ헢킩뫋탄웳튵돐떣ퟅ뗷뿘룷ퟔ쾵춳붡뾵퓋탐폫랢햹뗄훷떼ퟷ폃ꆣ쯼쫇웳튵짺첬쾵춳훐뺺헹맦퓲뗄붨솢헟뫍훷떼웳튵ꎬ쫇헻룶쾵춳뗄맘볼컯훖ꆣ?뻟쳥뗘ꎬ뫋탄웳튵뗄ퟷ폃훷튪폐?ꋙ?ꎨ?ꎩ쓜쏷쇋탐튵뗄랢햹풶뺰ꎬ늻뛏뾪뇙쫐뎡짺첬뿕볤ꎬ캪틀뢽헟쳡릩랢햹뗄탂뗄뿉쓜탔ꆣ쓜릻헒떽뒴퓬탔뗄랽쪽ꎬ냑쿖폐닺욷뫍럾컱뗄풭폐쾵춳듲웆ꎬ뷸탐훘탂ퟩ뫏탂뗄볛횵솴ꎬ냑풴폫탨쟳틔탂뗄랽쪽솬뷓웰살ꎬ맄샸쿠맘믺릹뫍릫쮾ퟔ풸볓죫떽웳튵짺첬쾵춳ꎬ늢훆뚩웳튵짺첬쾵춳캴살랢햹랽쿲ꎬ폫룷돉풱튻뗀쪵쿖릲춬뗄쒿뇪뛸얬솦ꆣ?ꎨ?ꎩ퓚뻟놸폅탣뗄죋솦풴뗄춬쪱ꎬ펵폐룟킧ꆢ뇢욽ꆢ룼볓뾪럅뗄ퟩ횯믺릹틔좷놣뛔췢뷧좫랽캻뗄뿬쯙쫊펦쓜솦ꆣ뻟폐벫잿뗄뒴탂쓜솦ꎬ펵폐죋솦ꆢ벼쫵랽쏦뫋탄풴ꎬ뛔ퟔ벺뗄뫋탄벼쫵훘뗣릥맘ꎬ늻뛏뒴탂ꆣ?ꎨ?ꎩퟣ릻뗄풴퓋ퟷ쓜솦ꎬ뫋탄웳튵탨튪삩듳쏋폑랽쏦퓚뷰ꆢ벼쫵춶ꆢ벼쫵횸떼ꆢ죋풱엠통ꎬ뮹튪쪹쾵춳훐룷돉풱룐쫜떽횧돖뫍놻쇬떼ꎬ듓뛸쫷솢뛔뫋탄웳튵뗄탅탄ꎬ틔믱뗃ퟣ릻뗄ힷ쯦헟ꎬ컼틽웤쯼돉풱캪뫋탄웳튵쳡릩엤쳗닺욷뫍럾컱ꎬ쪹쿠맘컯훖볓죫떽ퟔ벺뗄짺첬쾵춳췸싧훐ꆣ엠퇸붨솢ퟔ벺뗄좺실릲춬뷸뮯ꆣ벼쫵뾪랢쓜솦잿ꆢ뻟폐뒴탂틢쪶뗄뫋탄웳튵뗄맜샭쒣쪽췹췹믡돉캪웤뮷뺳훐웤쯼웳튵킧램뗄냱퇹ꆣ? ꋙ 헅?. 릹붨컒맺쇣쫛튵짌튵짺첬쾵춳[D]. 춬볃듳톧, 2007 20
웳튵짺첬쾵춳훐뗄믯냩톡퓱폫움볛 ꎨ?ꎩ뻟폐쾵춳맛ꎬ쓜릻냑늻춬뗄쿠맘컯훖킭뗷웰살ꎬ쪵쿖짺첬쾵춳쓚웤쯻돉풱샻틦뗄튻훂탔ꆣ폐늽훨뗘폫웤쯼웳튵솪뫏ꎬ좷놣쯼쏇쓜ퟶ돶쯹탨뗄늹돤탔릱쿗ꆣ뫋탄웳튵뗄폅쪤췹췹퓚폚튻룶믲짙쫽벸룶뫋탄벼쫵ꆣ캪ퟮ훕맋뿍쳡릩좫쏦뗄럾컱ꎬ탨튪뛠룶웳튵뗄킭ퟷꎬ쿠뮥횮볤퓚볛횵솴짺첬캻짏쪵쿖폅쫆뮥늹ꎬ짵훁릲춬붨솢웰탐튵뇪ힼꎬ믱뗃뛔쫐뎡뗄횧엤뗘캻ꆣ웤쯻돉풱쫴폚ힷ쯦헟ꎬힷ쯦헟캧죆ퟅ웤뫋탄웳튵ꎬ릲춬춶폚뒴퓬짺첬쾵춳ퟜ볛횵뗄믮뚯ꎬ룸맋뿍쳡릩탂뗄볛횵ꆣ평폚ힷ쟳샻죳ꎬ엤쳗웳튵ꆢ듳탍럾컱탔웳튵ퟩ돉뗄냩짺웳튵좺튲췹췹쿠펦뗘럖늼퓚뫋탄웳튵뗄훜캧ꆣ냩짺웳튵좺?ힷ쯦헟?퓚쎻폐헆컕뫋탄풴횮잰ꎬ펦떱낲폚ퟔ벺뗄짺첬캻ꎬ룊탄뒦폚틀뢽뗘캻ꎬ틔놣횤짺첬뗄쿠뛔욽뫢ꆣ냩짺웳튵좺퓲펦돤럖샻폃짺첬쾵춳쳡릩뗄뫏ퟷ웸럕ꎬ믽벫컼쫕ꆢ쿻뮯쇬쿈웳튵삩즢맽살뗄벼쫵ꎬ틔듋쳡짽ퟔ짭뗄벼쫵쓜솦ꆣ웤쪵헢튲쫇죵헟짺듦쿂좥뗄캨튻닟싔ꆣ?평짏쫶뫋탄웳튵뗄훮쿮ퟷ폃뿉틔뾴돶ꎬ뫋탄웳튵폐쓜솦튲폐퓰죎좥톡퓱웤캴살뗄횱뷓뫏ퟷ믯냩ꆣ?㌮㈠펰쿬믯냩톡퓱뻶닟뗄훷튪틲쯘?퓚쪵볊닙ퟷ훐ꎬ헫뛔늻춬뗄웳튵짺첬쾵춳ꎬ늻춬뗄뻟쳥쫐뎡뮷뺳ꎬ쾵춳믯냩뗄톡퓱튲듦퓚ퟅ닮틬탔ꎬ늻춬뗄뫋탄웳튵탨룹뻝뻟쳥뗄쟩뿶뾼싇늻춬뗄틲쯘살톡퓱웤ퟮ병뫏ퟷ믯냩ꆣ떫퓚훚뛠틲쯘훐ퟜ믡폐튻킩퓚늻춬쪵볊쟩뿶쿂뚼탨뾼싇뗄릲춬틲쯘ꎬ춬쪱튲쫇ퟮ훘튪뗄틲쯘ꆣ놾컄ퟜ뷡쇋틔쿂컥쿮쓚죝ꎺ?ꎨ?ꎩ믯냩뗄ퟛ뫏쪵솦ꆣ뫋탄웳튵퓚톡퓱뫏ퟷ믯냩쪱ꎬ웤ퟛ뫏쪵솦펦쫇ퟮ쿈뾼싇뗄ꎬ헢튲쫇죕뫳헻룶짺첬쾵춳쓜룟킧펯샻벰뿬쯙랢햹뗄쪵솦놣횤ꆣ쒳웳튵뗄ퟛ뫏쪵솦튻냣훷튪듓죕뎣뺭펪쓜솦ꆢ쫐뎡햼폐뛮틔벰캴살랢햹잱솦뗈랽쏦뾼닩ꆣ쇭췢ꎬ샻폚뫏ퟷꎬ뫋탄웳튵뮹펦힢틢뗷닩웤잰웚벼쫵퇐랢쓜솦ꆢퟩ횯쓚늿쓽뻛솦ꆢ돉풱뒴탂솦틔벰웳튵컄뮯뗈ꆣ?ꎨ?ꎩ믯냩뗄뫋탄쓜솦ꆣ쫗쿈ꎬ펦뾼싇잱퓚믯냩쫇럱뻟폐ퟔ벺뗄뫋탄쓜솦ꆣ쏦쇙탂뺭볃쪱듺쿂뢴퓓뛠뇤뗄뚯첬쫐뎡뮷뺳ꎬ웳튵죴컞ퟔ벺뗄뫋탄쓜솦쫇뫜쓑뎤웚듦믮쿂좥뗄ꆣ헢쫇틲캪ꎬ뫋탄쓜솦ퟮ듳뗄쳘뗣벴뛀쳘탔쟒늻틗쒣럂탔ꆣ웳튵펵폐쇋ퟔ벺뗄뫋탄쓜솦ꎬ뻍틢캶ퟅ뿉틔퓚죧듋뺺헹벤쇒뗄뮷뺳훐뛀쫷튻후ꎬ햼뻝컈뚨뗄쫐뎡럝뛮ꆣ쇭췢ꎬ돽잿뗷놻톡웳튵펵폐뫋탄쓜솦췢ꎬ뮹펦힢훘룃뫋탄쓜솦쫇럱폫폻ퟩ붨뗄웳튵짺첬쾵춳돉풱뗄뫋탄쓜솦뻟폐뮥늹탔ꆣ듓짏컄뗃횪ꎬ킭춬뷸뮯뗄놾훊뻍퓚폚쪵쿖늹뎥킧펦ꆣ죴쯹톡믯냩웳튵뻟폐뫋탄쓜솦ꎬ떫좴폫뫋탄웳튵믲웤쯻뫏ퟷ믯냩뗄뫋탄쓜솦컞뮥늹탔ꎬ쓇쯼뛔폚헻룶짺첬쾵춳살쮵튲쫇쫇컞킧뗄ꆣ?ꎨ?ꎩ쫕틦뗄킭춬퓶뎤잱솦ꆣ펯샻쫇룷돉풱웳튵닎폫ퟩ붨웳튵짺첬쾵춳뗄룹놾뚯틲ꆣ뫋탄웳튵퓚뷸탐믯냩톡퓱쪱ꎬ펦뾼싇룃웳튵뗄볓죫펦쓜쪹헻룶짺첬쾵춳쫕틦듯떽ㄫ?ꆵ?뗄킭춬킧21
웳튵짺첬쾵춳훐뗄믯냩톡퓱폫움볛 펦ꎬ춬쪱뮹튪죃쾵춳훐룷돉풱웳튵뗄쫕틦듳폚웤뛀솢뺭펪쫕틦ꎬ떱좻튲냼삨룃뫏ퟷ믯냩ꆣ?ꎨ?ꎩ럧쿕뗄킭춬럖즢잱솦ꆣ쫕틦폫럧쿕쫇늻뿉럖룮뗄ꎬ죧펰쯦탎ꆣ럖즢럧쿕튲쫇ퟩ붨웳튵짺첬쾵춳뗄뚯틲횮튻ꆣ늻춬웳튵릲춬ퟩ붨웳튵짺첬쾵춳ꎬ릲춬펦뛔췢뷧뺺헹ꎬ쪵쿖폅쫆뮥늹ꎬ뇋듋럖떣풭폐뺭펪럧쿕ꎬ듓뛸쪹룷웳튵룼뻟뺺헹솦ꆣ?ꎨ?ꎩ킭ퟷ탔ꆣ뫏ퟷ붨솢퓚쿠뮥탅죎뗄믹뒡짏ꆣ춨맽폫잱퓚믯냩뗄뷓뒥ꎬ뫋탄웳튵펦힢틢맛달웤맜샭닣뗄뫏ퟷ돏틢벰틔췹뗄뫏ퟷ탅폾쟩뿶ꎬ탨놣횤쓜뫍뛔랽붨솢돤럖뗄탅죎맘쾵ꎬ헢퇹닅쓜퓚톡퓱잰뻍붫탅죎캣믺틾뮼쿻돽ꆣ춬쪱ꎬ웳튵돉풱뗄킭ퟷ탔폫웳튵볤뗄웳튵컄뮯볦죝튲폐뫜듳맘쾵ꆣ컄뮯볦죝ꎬ벴늻뿁쟳웤쯻웳튵뇘탫폫놾웳튵뻟폐쿠춬믲쿠쯆뗄컄뮯ꎬ뛸쫇퓚볡돖ퟔ벺뗄뛀쳘컄뮯뗄믹뒡짏쓜릻믽벫뷓쓉췢살컄뮯ꎬ폫웤쯻웳튵쟳춬듦틬ꎬ뫍킳랢햹ꎬ쒱좡헻쳥ퟮ듳뮯샻틦ꆣ?㌮?믹폚닣듎럖컶램뗄믯냩톡퓱믺훆퇐뺿?㌮㌮ㄠ닣듎럖컶램뗄믹놾풭샭ꋙ?닣듎럖컶램⡔桥湡汹瑩挠桩敲慲捨礠灲潣敳猩볲돆䅈?ꎬ쫇평周潭慳⁌⹓瑡慴礠ퟮ쿈랢쏷뗄폃폚뷢뻶냼몬뛠쿮뇪ힼ쪱뗄뢴퓓컊쳢ꎬ퓚헢룶맽돌훐ꎬ뻶닟헟탨튪에뛏룷쿮움에뇪ힼ뗄훘튪탔ꆢ뻶닟뇤솿쿠뛔폚움에뇪ힼ뗄폅쿈벫ꆣ펦폃닣듎럖컶램뿉틔룸돶룷룶뇪ힼ뗄좨훘ꎬ룷룶뻶닟뇤솿쿠뛔폚쎿쿮뇪ힼ뗄폅쿈벶ꎬ솿뮯뻶닟뇤솿ꎬ듓뛸캪뻶닟쳡릩틀뻝ꆣ?헢훖랽램뗄쳘뗣쫇퓚뛔뢴퓓뗄뻶닟컊쳢뗄놾훊ꆢ펰쿬틲쯘벰웤쓚퓚맘쾵뗈뷸탐짮죫럖컶뗄믹뒡짏ꎬ샻폃뷏짙뗄뚨솿탅쾢쪹뻶닟뗄쮼캬맽돌쫽톧뮯ꎬ듓뛸캪뛠쒿뇪ꆢ뛠ힼ퓲믲컞뷡릹쳘탔뗄뢴퓓뻶닟컊쳢쳡릩볲뇣뗄뻶닟랽램ꆣ폈웤쫊뫏폚뛔뻶닟뷡맻쓑폚횱뷓ힼ좷볆솿뗄뎡뫏ꆣ닣듎럖컶램뗄늽훨죧쿂ꎺ??†?ꎨ?ꎩ춨맽뛔쾵춳뗄짮뿌죏쪶ꎬ좷뚨룃쾵춳뗄ퟜ쒿뇪ꎬ얪쟥맦뮮뻶닟쯹짦벰뗄랶캧ꆢ쯹튪닉좡뗄듫쪩랽낸뫍헾닟ꆢ쪵쿖쒿뇪뗄ힼ퓲ꆢ닟싔뫍룷훖풼쫸쳵볾뗈ꎬ맣랺뗘쫕벯탅쾢ꆣ벴퓚좷뚨뻶닟뗄쒿뇪뫳ꎬ뛔펰쿬쒿뇪뻶닟뗄틲쯘뷸탐럖샠ꎬ붨솢튻룶뛠닣듎뷡릹ꆣ?뻟쳥뗘ꎬ붫컊쳢냼몬뗄틲쯘럖닣ꎺퟮ룟닣ꎨ뷢뻶컊쳢뗄쒿뗄ꎩꎻ훐볤닣ꎬ튲돆닟싔닣ꆢힼ퓲닣ꎨ쪵쿖ퟜ쒿뇪뛸닉좡뗄룷훖듫쪩ꆢ뇘탫뾼싇뗄ힼ퓲뗈ꎩꎻퟮ뗍닣ꎨ폃폚뷢뻶컊쳢뗄룷훖듫쪩ꆢ랽낸뗈ꎩꆣ좻뫳ꎬ냑룷훖쯹튪뾼싇뗄틲쯘럅퓚쫊떱뗄닣듎쓚ꎬ폃닣듎뷡릹춼쟥컺뗘뇭듯헢킩틲쯘뗄맘쾵ꆣ?†?ꎨ?ꎩ좷뚨틔짏뗝뷗뷡릹훐쿠쇚닣듎풪쯘볤쿠맘돌뛈ꆣ춨맽릹퓬돉뛔뇈뷏에뛏뻘헳벰뻘헳퓋쯣뗄쫽톧랽램ꎬ좷뚨뛔폚짏튻닣듎뗄쒳룶풪쯘뛸퇔ꎬ놾닣듎훐폫웤쿠맘풪쯘뗄훘튪탔업탲 ꋙ 훜뫬퇠. 닣듎럖컶램퓚죋솦풴맜샭랽쏦뗄펦폃. , 2005 22
웳튵짺첬쾵춳훐뗄믯냩톡퓱폫움볛 ⴭ쿠뛔좨횵ꆣ벴뇈뷏춬튻닣듎훐룷틲쯘맘폚짏튻닣듎뗄춬튻틲쯘뗄쿠뛔훘튪탔ꎬ릹퓬돉뛔뇈뷏뻘헳ꆣ?뇈뷏뗚?룶풪쯘폫뗚?룶풪쯘쿠뛔짏튻닣쒳룶풪쯘뗄훘튪탔쪱ꎬ쪹폃쫽솿뮯뗄쿠뛔좨훘a살쏨쫶ꆣ짨릲폐?룶풪쯘닎폫뇈뷏ꎬ퓲A=(a)돆캪돉뛔뇈뷏뻘헳ꆣ?ijijn×n돉뛔뇈뻘헳훐a뗄좡횵뿉닎뾼卡瑴?뗄쳡틩ꎬ내쿂쫶뇪뛈뷸탐뢳횵ꆣa퓚???벰웤떹쫽ijij훐볤좡횵ꆣ?a=1†풪쯘폫풪쯘뛔짏튻닣듎틲쯘뗄훘튪탔쿠춬ꎻ?ija=3†?풪쯘뇈풪쯘싔훘튪ꎻ?ija=5†?풪쯘뇈풪쯘훘튪ꎻ?ija=7†?풪쯘뇈풪쯘훘튪뗃뛠ꎻ?ija=9†?풪쯘뇈풪쯘벫웤훘튪ꎻ?ija=2nꎬn=1,2,3,4†풪쯘폫풪쯘뗄훘튪탔뷩폚a=2n−1폫a=2n+1횮볤ꎻ?ijijija=2n+1ꎬn=1,2,3,...,9†떱쟒뷶떱a=nꆣ?ijij돉뛔뇈뷏뻘헳뗄쳘뗣ꎺa>0ꎬa>0ꎬa=1ꆣ?ijijiiꎨ?ꎩ춨맽볆쯣ꎬ볬퇩돉뛔뇈뷏뻘헳뗄튻훂탔ꎬ뇘튪쪱뛔돉뛔뇈뷏뻘헳뷸탐탞룄ꎬ틔듯떽뿉틔뷓쫜뗄튻훂탔ꎻ?듓샭싛짏럖컶뗃떽ꎺ죧맻?쫇췪좫튻훂뗄돉뛔뇈뷏뻘헳?펦룃폐?††††††††††aa=a?ijjkik떫쪵볊짏퓚릹퓬돉뛔뇈뷏뻘헳쪱튪쟳싺ퟣ짏쫶훚뛠뗈쪽쫇늻뿉쓜뗄ꆣ틲듋췋뛸튪쟳돉뛔뇈뻘헳폐튻뚨뗄튻훂탔ꎬ벴뿉틔퓊탭돉뛔뇈뷏뻘헳듦퓚튻뚨돌뛈뗄늻튻훂탔ꆣ?평럖컶뿉횪ꎬ뛔췪좫튻훂뗄돉뛔뇈뷏뻘헳ꎬ웤뻸뛔횵ퟮ듳뗄쳘헷횵뗈폚룃뻘헳뗄캬쫽ꆣ뛔돉뛔뇈뷏뻘헳?뗄튻훂탔튪쟳ꎬ뮯캪튪쟳ꎺ?뗄뻸뛔횵ퟮ듳뗄쳘헷횵뫍룃뻘헳뗄캬쫽쿠닮늻듳ꆣ?볬퇩돉뛔뇈뷏뻘헳?튻훂탔뗄늽훨죧쿂ꎺ?볆쯣뫢솿튻룶돉뛔뇈뻘뷏헳?ꎨ?ꎾ?뷗랽헳ꎩ늻튻훂돌뛈뗄횸뇪䍉ꎺ?††††††††††††lmax(A)−nCI=?n−123
웳튵짺첬쾵춳훐뗄믯냩톡퓱폫움볛 웤훐lmax쫇뻘헳?뗄ퟮ듳쳘헷횵ꆣ?힢뷢ꎺ?ꋙ?듓폐맘쇏닩돶볬퇩돉뛔뇈뷏뻘헳?튻훂탔뗄뇪ힼ剉?剉돆캪욽뻹쯦벴튻훂탔횸뇪ꎬ쯼횻폫뻘헳뷗쫽?폐맘ꆣ?ꋚ?내쿂쏦릫쪽볆쯣돉뛔뇈뷏뻘헳?뗄쯦믺튻훂탔뇈싊䍒ꎺCRCI=?RIꋛ?에뛏랽램죧쿂ꎺ떱䍒ꎼ〮?쪱ꎬ에뚨돉뛔뇈뷏뻘헳?뻟폐싺틢뗄튻훂탔ꎬ믲웤늻튻훂돌뛈쫇뿉틔뷓쫜뗄ꎻ럱퓲뻍뗷헻돉뛔뇈뷏뻘헳?ꎬ횱떽듯떽싺틢뗄튻훂탔캪횹ꆣ?쟳?뗄쳘헷횵뗄랽램ꎺ뿉틔폃䵡瑬慢폯뻤쟳?뗄쳘헷횵ꎺꆲ夬?ꆳ㵥楧ꎨ?ꎩꎬ?캪돉뛔뇈뷏뻘헳?뗄쳘헷횵ꎬ?뗄쇐캪쿠펦쳘헷쿲솿ꆣ?퓚쪵볹훐ꎬ뿉닉폃쿂쫶랽램볆쯣돉뛔뇈뷏뻘헳A=(a)뗄ퟮ듳쳘헷횵lijmax(A)뫍쿠펦쳘헷쿲솿뗄뷼쯆횵ꆣ?n뚨틥∑aj=1kjuk=ꎬU=t(u1,u틔뷼쯆뗘뾴ퟷ?뗄뛔펦폚ퟮ듳쳘헷횵뗄쳘∑nn2,...,un)뿉ai=1∑j=1ij헷쿲솿ꆣ?n볆쯣†1nn∑(AU)1auli∑∑1ijj==j=?ni=1unii=1ui뿉틔뷼쯆뾴ퟷ?뗄ퟮ듳쳘헷횵ꆣ쪵볹훐뿉틔평l살에뛏뻘헳?뗄튻훂탔ꆣ?킡뷡ꎺ돉뛔뇈뷏뻘헳?튻훂탔볬퇩뗄늽훨캪ꎺ??†?볆쯣?뗄ퟮ듳쳘헷횵??䥉†볆쯣횸뇪䍉??䥉??닩뇭쟳뗃剉??䥖†볆쯣䍒???†?내䍒뗄듳킡에뛏?쫇럱폐싺틢뗄튻훂탔ꎬ믲?쫇럱튪뗷헻??ꎨ?ꎩ퓚럻뫏튻훂탔볬퇩뗄잰쳡쿂ꎬ볆쯣폫돉뛔뇈뷏뻘헳ퟮ듳쳘헷횵쿠뛔펦뗄쳘헷쿲솿ꎬ좷뚨쎿룶틲쯘뛔짏튻닣듎룃틲쯘뗄좨훘ꎻ볆쯣룷틲쯘뛔폚쾵춳쒿뇪뗄ퟜ업탲좨훘ꎬ늢뻶닟ꆣ?㌮㌮㈠믯냩톡퓱펦폃쪵샽?쒳뫋탄웳튵쓢톡퓱뻟폐쿠맘튵컱랶캧뗄뫏ퟷ믯냩쓉죫웤짺첬쾵춳ꎬퟩ돉뫋탄췅뛓ꎬ쿖폐?룶잱퓚뗄뫏ퟷ믯냩ꎨ랽낸ꎩ??⡩㴱ⰲⰳⰩ뿉릩톡퓱ꎬ짏쫶뗄컥룶훷튪틲쯘캪??⡩㴱ꎬ?ꎬ?ꎬ24
웳튵짺첬쾵춳훐뗄믯냩톡퓱폫움볛 ?ꎬ㔩?늽훨?ꎺ붨솢뛠닣듎뷡릹춼? 믯 냩 톡 퓱 ퟛ뫋쫕틦킭춬퓶뎤잱솦럧쿕킭춬럖즢잱뫏탄킭솦쪵쓜ퟷ솦솦탔Y1 Y2 Y3 ?춼??ㄠ믯냩톡퓱닣듎뷡릹춼?늽훨?ꎺ붨솢돉뛔뇈뷏뻘헳?††럖뇰헫뛔??⡩㴱ꎬ?ꎬ?ꎬ?ꎬ㔩ꎬ붫??⡩㴱ⰲⰳⰩ뷸탐솽솽뇈뷏ꎬ늢뛔쎿쇐쟳뫍ꆣ?쫗쿈ꎬ룷뫲톡웳튵뛔폚ퟛ뫏쪵솦??ꎬ틀뻝볒룸뚨쫽뻝뗃돶틔쿂돉뛔뇈뷏뻘헳ꎺ? ? 볆쯣뇭죧쿂?ퟛ뫏쪵솦???ㄠ††††††?㈠††††††??⁙ㄠ††††?⸰〠†?ㄮ㔰†?‵⸰?††††?⁙㈠††††〮㠰††ㄮ〰†?″⸰??⁙㌠††††〮㈰††〮㌳†?‱⸰??쇐횮뫍†㈮〰††㈮㠳††㤮〰??붫쎿튻룶쾵쫽돽틔쎿쇐횮뫍ꎬ쎿탐쟳뫍ꎬ퓙욽뻹ꎬ죧뗚튻탐?ꎨㄮ〰⼲⸰〫ㄮ㔰⼲⸸㌫??〰⼹⸰?ꎩ⼳?〮㔳?25
웳튵짺첬쾵춳훐뗄믯냩톡퓱폫움볛 ??ퟛ뫏쪵솦?††††?ㄠ††††††?㈠††††††?㌠††††?탐욽뻹?⁙ㄠ††††〮㔰††〮㔳††‰⸵㘠†‰⸵??⁙㈠†?††?〮㐰††〮㌵††‰⸳㌠†‰⸳??⁙㌠††††〮††〮ㄲ††‰⸱ㄠ†?〮ㄱ?††††††††††††††††ㄮ〰??폃헢훖랽램뿉틔뗃돶웳튵?ㄠ†?㈠†??쿠뛔폚ퟛ뫏쪵솦헢룶움에뇪ힼ뗄폅쿈벶ꎬ벴떱컒쏇뾼싇웳튵뗄ퟛ뫏쪵솦뗄뮰ꎬ듓틔짏볆쯣뿉횪ꎬ웳튵??뗄ퟛ뫏쪵솦쫇ퟮ잿뗄ꆣ틔쿂쫇룷룶웳튵뛔폚ퟛ뫏쪵솦뗄폅쿈벶??춬퇹랽램ꎬ뛔폚뫋탄쓜솦??ꎬ폐? 볆쯣뿉뗃ꎬ룷웳튵뛔폚뫋탄쓜솦뗄폅쿈벶캪??뛔폚쫕틦킭춬퓶뎤잱솦??ꎬ폐? ??26
웳튵짺첬쾵춳훐뗄믯냩톡퓱폫움볛 볆쯣뿉뗃ꎬ룷웳튵뛔폚쫕틦킭춬퓶뎤잱솦뗄폅쿈벶캪??뛔폚럧쿕킭춬럖즢킧펦??ꎬ폐? ? ?볆쯣뿉뗃ꎬ룷웳튵뛔폚럧쿕킭춬럖즢잱솦뗄폅쿈벶캪???뛔폚킭춬탔??ꎬ폐? 볆쯣뿉뗃ꎬ룷웳튵뛔폚킭춬탔뗄폅쿈벶캪???뇈뷏룷룶움에뇪ힼ뗄좨훘?뛔믯냩뗄ퟛ뫏쪵솦ꆢ뫋탄쓜솦ꆢ쫕틦뗄킭춬퓶뎤잱솦ꆢ럧쿕뗄킭춬럖즢잱솦뫍킭ퟷ탔헢컥쿮움에뇪ힼ뷸탐솽솽뇈뷏ꎬ뗃돶룷룶움에뇪ힼ뗄좨훘ꎺ?컥룶움에뇪ힼ솽솽뇈뷏뗄뷡맻죧쿂ꎺ? ? 27
웳튵짺첬쾵춳훐뗄믯냩톡퓱폫움볛 춬샭뿉뗃ꎬ룷움에뇪ힼ뗄좨훘캪??늽훨?ꎺ튻훂탔볬퇩?††짨룷웳튵뛔폚ퟛ뫏쪵솦뗄돉뛔뇈뷏뻘헳캪??††A=?뛔폚헢룶뻘헳볆쯣뗃떽lmax(A)=㌮〶㔲?CIlmax(A)−n=?−3㴰⸰㌲??n−13−1닩뗃剉㴰⸵??틲듋뿉뗃††?CRCI=??㴰⸰㔶㈼〮??쯹틔?뻟폐싺틢뗄튻훂탔ꎬ?뗄늻튻훂탔돌뛈쫇뿉뷓쫜뗄ꆣ?듋쪱?뗄ퟮ듳쳘헷횵뛔펦뗄쳘헷쿲솿캪?唽ꎨ?〮㠱㈳ꎬ?〮㔵㠶ꎬ?〮ㄶ㜹ꎩ?좨쿲솿캪???ꎨ〮㔲㜹ꎬ〮㌶㌰ꎬ〮㤱ꎩ?††춬샭뿉횪ꎬ웤폠뻘헳튲뻟폐싺틢뗄튻훂탔ꎬ웤늻튻훂탔돌뛈뚼쫇뿉뷓쫜뗄ꆣ?춬쪱ꎬ뮹뿉뗃룷ퟔ뗄좨쿲솿럖뇰캪ꎺ???ꎨ〮〸㘰ꎬ〮㈷〱ꎬ〮㘴㌹ꎩ???ꎨ〮㈶㈲ꎬ〮㘵㤶ꎬ〮〷㠱ꎩ???ꎨ〮ㄲㄶꎬ〮㌱㤷ꎬ〮㔵㠷ꎩ???ꎨ〮㌳㌹ꎬ〮㈰ㄷꎬ〮㐶㐴ꎩ???ꎨ〮ㄶ㜷ꎬ〮㈶㤵ꎬ〮㈱ㄱꎬ〮ㄵ㘶ꎬ〮ㄹ㔱ꎩ?뢽ꎺ剉돆캪욽뻹쯦믺튻훂탔횸뇪ꎬ쯼횻폫뻘헳뷗쫽?폐맘ꆣ뿉닩돶뻘헳뷗쫽캪?ꆢ?ꆢ?ꆢ?쪱剉럖뇰캪〮㔸ꆢ〮㤰ꆢㄮㄲꆢㄮ㈴ꆣ?28
웳튵짺첬쾵춳훐뗄믯냩톡퓱폫움볛 늽훨?ꎺ닣듎ퟜ업탲벰뻶닟?평늽훨죽뗃떽룷뻘헳뗄좨쿲솿ꎬ 틀듋뿉쟳뗃쎿룶잱퓚믯냩웳튵뗄ퟜ뗃럖ꎬ벴쒳룶웳튵뛔폚룷뇪ힼ뗃럖뗄볓좨욽뻹횵ꎬ뛸듋뒦뗄좨벴룷뇪ힼ뗄훘튪탔ꎬ죧뗚튻룶잱퓚믯냩웳튵뗄ퟜ뗃럖캪ꎺ ??㴰⸵㈷?×〮ㄶ㜷⬰⸰㠶?×〮㈶㤵⬰⸲㘲?×〮㈱ㄱ⬰⸱㈱?×〮ㄵ㘶⬰⸳㌳?×〮ㄹ㔱㴰⸲??춬샭뿉뗃웤폠솽룶웳튵뗄ퟜ뗃럖ꎺ???㴰⸳????㴰⸳??뫜쿔좻ꎬ뗚죽룶웳튵캪ퟮ병뫏ퟷ믯냩ꆣ?㌮㐠틑톡믯냩뗄킭춬럧쿕쪶뇰벰뿘훆ꋙꋚꋛ?톡뚨믯냩뫳ꎬ쾵춳쓚웳튵볤뗄뫏ퟷ닅헦헽뾪쪼ꆣ떫평폚믯냩웳튵뛔ퟔ짭샻틦뗄ퟔ샻뮯ힷ쟳쫇돖탸듦퓚뗄?ꎬ벴쪹쫇틑뒦폚웳튵짺첬쾵춳훐?ꆣ틲듋ꎬ뛔틑톡믯냩뗄캥랴킭춬뮯웵풼탐캪펦뷸탐볠뚽폫럀랶ꎬ틔좷놣웤햽싔ꆢퟩ횯ꆢ컄뮯뗈쪱뿌폫헻룶짺첬쾵춳놣돖튻훂ꆣ튻떩랢쿖쒳돉풱틲캪쒱좡ퟔ짭뛌웚샻틦뛸쯰몦쇋헻룶짺첬쾵춳뗄헻쳥샻틦ꎬ퓲탨닉좡쿠펦쫖뛎훆횹ꆣ뛸믯냩웳튵뗄헢훖캥랴킭춬뮯웵풼탐캪ꎬ뛔폚웳튵짺첬쾵춳뛸퇔벴킭춬럧쿕ꆣ폚쫇ꎬ믯냩톡퓱뫳ꎬ뇘탫쏦뛔뗄컊쳢뻍쫇틑톡믯냩킭춬럧쿕뗄쪶뇰폫뿘훆ꆣ?㌮㐮ㄠ킭춬럧쿕뗄쪶뇰?틀뻝쾵춳쓚웳튵돉풱볤뗄킭ퟷ쓚죝ꎬ킭춬럧쿕튻냣냼삨틔쿂벸훖ꎺ??⠱?쾵춳뗄맜샭럧쿕?웳튵짺첬쾵춳쫇튻훖췸싧쪽뗄쯉즢쾵춳ꎬ웤맜샭뗄쓚죝뫍랽램폫뒫춳쪵쳥웳튵뗄맜샭뇘좻늻춬ꆣ평폚웳튵짺첬쾵춳짦벰뛠룶돉풱웳튵ꎬ뛸룷돉풱웳튵뗄뺭펪샭쓮ꆢ웳튵컄뮯ꆢ맜샭쒣쪽뗈늻춬ꎬ릤ퟷퟷ럧뫍릤ퟷ랽램튲늻춬ꎬ쟒늻듦퓚튻룶뻸뛔뗄쇬떼ꎬ뇘좻쪹웳튵짺첬쾵춳뗄맜샭뇈떥룶쪵쳥뗄맜샭튪뢴퓓ꎬ늻좷뚨탔틲쯘튲뷏뛠ꎬ틲듋맜샭늻떱믲맜샭쪧컳떼훂뗄럧쿕뇈쪵쳥웳튵룼춻돶ꆣ??⠲?컄뮯뫍햽싔죚뫏럧쿕?쎿룶웳튵뚼폐룷ퟔ뗄샺쪷ꆢ뺭샺ꆢ맛뗣폫탅퇶ꎬ폐웤뛀쳘뗄죋솦풴맜샭뒫춳뫍쪵볹ꎬ뛀쳘뗄탐헾쾵춳뫍뺭펪맜샭럧룱ꆣ쯹틔ꎬ벴뇣돉캪웳튵짺첬쾵춳훐뗄튻풱ꎬ평폚슷뺶틀삵뗄ퟷ폃ꎬퟩ횯컄뮯뇘좻믡듦퓚튻킩쎬뛜폫럖웧ꎬ햽싔볦죝쿠떱삧쓑ꆣ폈웤쫇퓚뿧맺웳튵짺첬쾵 ꋙ뫎쯕뮪. 웳튵췸싧ퟩ횯샻틦ꆢ럧쿕벰뿘훆[J]. 볛횵릤돌, 2003(6): 126-128 ꋚ쯎맢탋뗈. 탩쓢웳튵뗄뫏ퟷ럧쿕퇐뺿[J]. 죭뿆톧, 2004(3): 83-86 ꋛ튶량, 헅뫬. 햽싔솪쏋뗄럧쿕럖컶벰웤럀랶뛔닟[J]. 뿆톧맜샭퇐뺿, 1999(5): 63-65 29
웳튵짺첬쾵춳훐뗄믯냩톡퓱폫움볛 춳훐ꎬ돉풱웳튵컄뮯뗄맜샭폫헻뫏ꎬ풱릤횮볤뗄탄샭쒥뫏ꎬ뺭펪햽싔틲뗘훆틋뗘뗷헻ꎬ틔쫊펦늻춬뗄짧믡뺭볃컄뮯뗄쳘뗣ꎬ뚼쿔뗃폈캪훘튪ꎬ럱퓲붫믡룸웳튵짺첬쾵춳뗄헽뎣퓋탐듸살럧쿕ꆣ??⠳?쿠뮥탅죎럧쿕?평폚웳튵횮볤뗄뫏ퟷ맘쾵쪵볊짏쫇믹폚튻훖뛔캴살탐캪뗄돐억ꎬ뛸헢훖돐억볈뿉틔릫뾪맦뚨ꎬ튲뿉틔쒬웵듯돉ꆣ돉풱룷랽닎폫웳튵짺첬쾵춳맽돌훐ꎬ평폚떣탄웳튵짺첬쾵춳믡붫웳튵믺쏜놩슶룸뛔랽ꎬ떼훂ퟔ짭퓚웳튵짺첬쾵춳훐뗄뗘캻즥쪧뫍퓚캴살쫐뎡뺺헹훐쪧좥폅쫆ꎬ틲뛸캪쇋놣쫘룷ퟔ뗄짌튵믺쏜ꎬ뇜쏢늻펦뮻뗄벼쫵랢짺킹슩ꎬ믡닉좡튻킩놣뮤뫍럀랶듫쪩ꆣ뛸폫듋춬쪱ꎬ쯻쏇폖쾣췻뛔랽쓜뫁컞놣쇴뗘뷸탐뫏ퟷꎬ틔쪹ퟔ벺퓚뫏ퟷ훐믱뗃ퟮ듳킧틦ꆣ헢뻍퓬돉웳튵ퟮ훕듓ퟔ짭샻틦돶랢ꎬ폐놣쇴뗘뷸탐뫏ퟷꎬ떼훂뫏ퟷ웳튵볤뗄탅죎폫쟗쏜돌뛈붵뗍ꎬ쪹웳튵짺첬쾵춳뗄퓋탐킧맻쫜떽벫듳뗄틖훆ꆣ??⠴?탅쾢늻뛔돆떼훂뗄뗀뗂럧쿕?뺡맜웳튵짺첬쾵춳잿뗷믯냩횮볤쿠뮥탅죎ꎬ뛸쟒탅쾢벼쫵뗄량쯙랢햹쪹뗃탅쾢릲쿭돉캪튻훖뎱쇷ꎬ떫쫇늻뛔돆죔쫇웳튵짺첬쾵춳믯냩맜샭훐듦퓚뗄튻룶맘볼컊쳢ꎬ평듋쓑틔뇜쏢뗀뗂럧쿕뗄듦퓚ꆣ퓚웳튵짺첬쾵춳훐ꎬ짙쫽뫏ퟷ헟뿉쓜늻맋쾵춳헻쳥샻틦ꎬ볻샻췼틥ꎬ떼훂훮죧탩놨탅쾢ꆢ웛욭ꆢꆰ춵상ꆱ뗈룷훖믺믡훷틥탐캪뗄돶쿖ꎬ듓뛸쯰몦웳튵짺첬쾵춳뗄붡뾵랢햹ꆣ??⠵?뫋탄쓜솦뫍짌튵믺쏜킹슩뗄럧쿕?쎿룶믯냩뚼폐쫴폚ퟔ벺뗄뫋탄뺺헹솦뫍짌튵믺쏜ꎬ평폚웳튵짺첬쾵춳뻟폐뚯첬퇝뮯맦싉ꎬퟮ훕뇘붫ퟟ쿲쮥췋웚ꎬ놻웤쯻짺첬쾵춳쯹쳦듺ꎬ틲듋돉풱웳튵볤맽뛈뗄탅쾢릲쿭쫇늻뿉쓜뗄ꆣ퓚웳튵짺첬쾵춳뗄퓋탐맽돌훐ꎬ탅쾢릲쿭폐뿉쓜쪹뫏ퟷ믯냩킹슶짌튵믺쏜ꎬ뫋탄웳튵폫뫏ퟷ믯냩횮볤뗄컞러벯돉틢캶ퟅ늿럖탅쾢뗄릫뾪ꎬ죧뫋탄폅쫆ꆢ짺닺벼쫵뫍닆컱ힴ뿶뗈ꎬ헢킩뚼붫퓶볓쮫랽뗄뺭펪럧쿕ꎬ떼훂쮫랽뫋탄벼쫵?냼삨뻷쟏?뗄췢킹뫍뫋탄쓜솦뗄즥쪧ꎬ뛸쮫랽붫살좴뿉쓜돉캪뺺헹뛔쫖ꆣ??⠶?벼쫵쿎뷓럧쿕?룷돉풱믯냩뿉쓜닉좡뗄벼쫵쮼쿫ꆢ벼쫵욽첨늻춬ꎬ떼훂믯냩볤뗄돉맻믲탅쾢퓚쿠뮥벯돉쪱돶쿖벼쫵쿎뷓뗄삧쓑ꆣ??⠷?탅쾢뇪ힼ뫍쾵춳뷓뿚럧쿕?믯냩볤뿉쓜닉폃뗄쫽뻝뿢뇪ힼ뫍춨톶킭틩뗄늻튻훂ꎬ떼훂탅쾢뒫뗝늻쮳뎩뫍탅쾢쪧헦ꆣ?㌮㐮㈠킭춬럧쿕뗄뿘훆?헫뛔틔짏쯹쇐쪾뗄킭춬럧쿕쓚죝ꎬ뿉닉좡쿠펦뗄듫쪩뛔럧쿕뷸탐뿘훆ꎺ?30
웳튵짺첬쾵춳훐뗄믯냩톡퓱폫움볛 ꎨ?ꎩ뛔폚쾵춳맜샭럧쿕ꎬ붨틩돉풱웳튵벰쪱뷸탐웳튵짺첬쾵춳뗄쫊펦탔뗷헻ꎬ붨솢췪짆뗄킭뗷믺훆ꆣ죧늻벰쪱뿘훆ꎬ믡떼훂웳튵짺첬쾵춳킭뗷쪧뫢ꎬ맜샭쪧뿘ꎬ킭춬뷢쳥ꆣ?ꎨ?ꎩ뛔폚쿠뮥탅죎럧쿕ꎬ벴돉풱볤맘쾵룼뛠뗄뇭쿖캪쿠뮥닂틉뫍늻탅죎ꎬ듓뛸풽살풽늻쓜캪쇋쾵춳뗄릲춬쒿뇪릱쿗ퟔ벺ퟮ듳뗄솦솿ꆣ폻뛔웤뷸탐뿘훆ꎬ뿉퓚믯냩볤붨솢뛠퇹뮯뗄릵춨쟾뗀ꎬ샽죧뚨웚믲늻뚨웚뗄쏦뛔쏦붻쇷ꎬ닉폃뗧뮰ꆢ뗧ퟓ폊볾ꆢ뗧ퟓ릫룦삸ꆢ쫓욵믡틩뗈춨톶쫖뛎ꆣ?ꎨ?ꎩ뛔폚뗀뗂럧쿕ꎬ뿉닉폃뚯첬뫏춬ꎬ붨솢볠뚽ꆢ볬닩믺훆ꎬ붨솢뫍퓶잿믯냩볤탅죎ꆣ?ꎨ?ꎩ뛔폚뫋탄쓜솦뫍짌튵믺쏜킹슶럧쿕ꎬ쾵춳펦볓잿횪쪶닺좨놣뮤ꎬ믯냩볤잩뚩놣쏜킭틩ꎬ늻춬돉풱뷶릲쿭ퟓ맽돌뗄탅쾢ꆣ?ꎨ?ꎩ뛔폚벼쫵쿎뷓럧쿕ꎬ뿉퓚믯냩볤춳튻벼쫵쮼쿫뫍벼쫵뇪ힼꎬ늢볓잿벼쫵뗄붻쇷ꆣ?ꎨ?ꎩ뛔폚탅쾢뇪ힼ뫍쾵춳뷓뿚럧쿕ꎬ펦퓚믯냩볤붨솢튻쳗춨톶믹뒡쾵춳ꎬ춳튻탅쾢뗄쫤죫폫쫤돶뇪ힼꆣ31
웳튵짺첬쾵춳훐뗄믯냩톡퓱폫움볛 뗚쯄헂?믯냩볤뗄킭춬ힴ뿶움볛?뫋탄짺첬쾵춳뗄돉풱놻톡뚨뫳ꎬ뺭샺웤쯻뮷뷚헻룶짺첬쾵춳ퟮ훕놻릹붨웰살ꆣ헢쪱ꎬ웳튵짺첬쾵춳뻍뷸죫쇋퓋ퟷ뷗뛎ꎬ퓚듋뷗뛎웳튵춨맽폫췢뷧뮷뺳뷸탐컯훊폫쓜솿붻쇷ꎬퟮ훕쪵쿖맋뿍볛횵ꆣ뛸웳튵짺첬쾵춳쫇평듳솿쿠뮥뛀솢뗄웳튵쪵쳥ퟩ돉ꎬ룶쳥닮틬뇘좻퓬돉돉풱볤뗄킭춬헏낭ꎬ쿔좻ꎬ쾵춳쓚돉풱볤뗄킭춬헏낭풽킡ꎬ벴킭춬ힴ뿶풽뫃ꎬ퓲웳튵짺첬쾵춳쓚뗄붻틗돉놾붫풽뗍ꎬ폚쫇쾵춳뒴퓬뗄ퟜ볛횵풽룟ꎬ웳튵짺첬쾵춳뗄퓋탐킧싊풽룟ꆣ쇭췢ꎬ평폚킭춬럧쿕뗄듦퓚ꎬ캪쇋럀랶럧쿕ꆢ벰쪱랢쿖킭춬컊쳢늢벰쪱뷢뻶ꎬ듯떽솼뫃뗄돉풱볤킭춬ힴ뿶ꎬ뫋탄웳튵뻍탫쫗쿈붨솢튻쳗쾵춳돉풱볤뗄킭춬ힴ뿶뗄움볛쳥훆ꆣ?죧춬잰튻헂붫믯냩톡퓱뗄랶캧뷧뚨캪뫋탄짺첬쾵춳ꎬ놾헂뗄럖컶랶캧죔쫇뫋탄짺첬쾵춳ꎬ벴뛔뒦폚뫋탄짺첬쾵춳뗄돉풱볤뗄킭춬ힴ뿶뷸탐움볛럖컶ꆣ놾헂뷶붫랶캧뷧뚨폚뫋탄짺첬쾵춳쓚뗄풭틲폐뛾ꎺ튻뻍웳튵짺첬쾵춳놾짭뛸퇔ꎬ뫋탄짺첬쾵춳쫇헻룶웳튵짺첬쾵춳뗄쇩믪ꎬ쯼냼몬ퟅ쾵춳뫋탄닺욷짺닺뗄쯹폐횱뷓릩펦짌뫍횱뷓맋뿍ꎬ뻶뚨헻룶쾵춳뗄랢햹맦쒣폫랽쿲ꎬ놣횤웤돉풱볤뗄킭춬ힴ뿶솼뫃쫇헻룶웳튵짺첬쾵춳퓋ퟷ춨뎩뗄뇘튪쳵볾ꎻ뛾쫇뻍샭싛퇐뺿뛸퇔ꎬ톡좡뫋탄짺첬쾵춳ퟷ캪퇐뺿랶캧ꎬ돤럖쳥쿖쇋훘뗣싛뗄쮼쿫ꆣ?㐮?믯냩볤뗄킭춬ힴ뿶움볛횸뇪쳥쾵뗄릹붨?㐮ㄮ?킭춬ힴ뿶움볛횸뇪쳥쾵뗄짨볆풭퓲?퓚움볛횸뇪쳥쾵짨볆맽돌훐펦얬솦ퟱ톭틔쿂풭퓲??††ꎨ?ꎩ쾵춳탔ꆣ룹뻝쾵춳싛쮼쿫ꎬ움볛횸뇪쳥쾵튪뺡뿉쓜췪헻ꆢ좫쏦ꆢ쾵춳뗘뷒쪾웳튵짺첬쾵춳붡뾵ힴ뿶뗄좫쎲ꎬ럀횹틔욫룅좫ꆣ?††ꎨ?ꎩ컞죟폠탔ꆣ뫏샭뗘뿘훆횸뇪쳥쾵뗄맦쒣쫇뿍맛움볛웳튵짺첬쾵춳붡뾵뗄훘튪튻뮷ꆣ횸뇪첫짙ꎬ쓑틔ퟛ뫏랴펳놻움닢뛔쿳뗄쳘탔ꆣ횸뇪첫뛠ꎬ쯤폐샻폚에뛏움볛ꎬ떫좷뚨횸뇪뗄샠뇰ꆢ훘튪탔삧쓑ꎬ쫽톧붨쒣튲뢴퓓ꎬ쟒퓚닉폃볓탔뫏늢맦퓲쪱ꎬ평폚횸뇪볤뮥늹탔뗄펰쿬ꎬ죝틗퇚룇움볛뛔쿳뗄닮틬탔ꆣ쯹틔ꎬ횸뇪쫽쒿솦쟳컞죟폠탔ꆣ?ꎨ?ꎩ뿉닙ퟷ탔ꆣ뺡솿톡좡튻킩헦쪵쳥쿖웳튵짺첬쾵춳붡뾵ힴ뿶ꎬ폖틗폚믱뗃뿉뾿움볛탅쾢뗄횸뇪ꎬ솦쟳뿉닙ퟷ탔ꆣ?㐮ㄮ㈠믯냩볤뗄킭춬ힴ뿶움볛횸뇪쳥쾵뗄릹붨?††놾헂믹폚킭춬뷸뮯샭싛ꎬ룹뻝횸뇪쳥쾵짨볆풭퓲ꎬ톡좡쿠뮥뛀솢쟒랴펳웳튵짺첬쾵춳쓚믯냩볤붻쇷쓚죝ꆢ릵춨탎쪽ꆢ볛횵럖엤뗈뗤탍쏴룐횸뇪ꎬퟩ돉믯냩볤킭춬ힴ뿶움볛횸뇪쳥쾵ꆣ쫗쿈펦폃닣듎럖컶램⡁䉐?짨볆쇋냼삨쒿뇪닣ꆢힼ퓲닣뫍횸뇪닣?룶닣듎뗄뷡릹뿲볜ꎨ죧춼32
웳튵짺첬쾵춳훐뗄믯냩톡퓱폫움볛 ???쯹쪾ꎩꆣ?믯냩볤킭춬ힴ뿶움볛횸뇪뇪쳥쾵 폐탎닺 컞탎닺 쾵춳ퟩ횯 쫕틦럧쿕 닺럾햽횪컄탅맘돥쫕럧싔쪶뮯죎쾵춻틦쿕욷컱뷰튻릲볦믺믺뒦럖럖훂쿭죝훆훆샭엤떣돌돌돌뗄뗄킧뗄돌뛈 뛈 뛈 붡폐싊 릫뛈 좫 킧욽 탔 탔 ?춼??ㄠ믯냩볤킭춬ힴ뿶움볛횸뇪뇪쳥쾵?샠쯆폚ퟔ좻짺첬쾵춳ꎬ웳튵짺첬쾵춳튲듦퓚ꆰ죽쇷ꆱꎬ벴컯훊쇷ꆢ쓜솿쇷뫍탅쾢쇷ꆣ헢ꆰ죽쇷ꆱ뇭쪾웳튵춨맽폫췢뷧뮷뺳틔벰퓚쓚늿돉풱볤늻뛏뷸탐컯훊ꆢ쓜솿뫍탅쾢뗄붻뮻ꎬ탎돉튻룶뚯첬욽뫢ꆢ뿉틔ퟔ훷퇝뷸뗄뢴퓓믮탔쾵춳ꆣꆰ죽쇷ꆱ훐ꎬ컯훊쇷훷튪횸쪵쳥닺욷믲럾컱ꆢ뷰뗈ꆰ폐탎닺ꆱ뗄붻뮻ꎻ쓜솿쇷훷튪횸횪쪶뗄뒫능폫럖쿭ꆢ컄뮯뗄붻쇷폫킭뗷ꎻ탅쾢쇷훷튪횸탅쾢뗄뒫뗝ꆢ랴삡폫뿘훆ꆣ듋뒦ꎬ놾헂붫쓜솿쇷폫탅쾢쇷뫏캪쾵춳뗄ꆰ컞탎닺ꆱꎬ폫ꆰ폐탎닺ꆱ럖뇰ퟷ캪움볛횸뇪쳥쾵ힼ퓲닣뗄솽쿮횸뇪ꆣ틔쿂캪킭춬ힴ뿶움볛쳥쾵뗄쯹폐횸뇪ꎺ?ꎨ?ꎩ폐탎닺?닺욷ꆢ럾컱ꆢ뷰ꎺ횸쇷춨폚쾵춳쓚돉풱볤뗄닺욷ꆢ럾컱ꆢ뷰ꆣ?ꎨ?ꎩ컞탎닺?ꋙ?햽싔튻훂돌뛈ꆣ훷튪횸쾵춳쓚룷돉풱웳튵뗄햽싔쒿뇪폫헻룶웳튵짺첬쾵춳ퟜ쒿뇪뗄튻훂돌뛈ꆣ?ꋚ횪쪶릲쿭돌뛈ꆣ룃뒦뗄횪쪶볈냼삨벼쫵ꆢ쾵춳뫍햽싔뗄횪쪶ꎬ튲냼삨닙ퟷ폫샭싛뗄횪쪶ꆣ?ꋛ컄뮯볦죝돌뛈ꆣ쾵춳쓚룷돉풱웳튵펵폐늻춬뗄ퟩ횯컄뮯ꆢ뗘폲컄뮯틔벰맺볒컄뮯ꎬ웤33
웳튵짺첬쾵춳훐뗄믯냩톡퓱폫움볛 볦죝돌뛈풽듳ꎬ쾵춳헻뫏쓜솦풽잿ꎬ돉풱뫏ퟷ킧싊뻍풽룟ꆣ?ꎨ?ꎩ쾵춳ퟩ횯쫇횸웳튵짺첬쾵춳퓋ퟷ뗄ퟩ횯탎쪽ꎬ쯼맦뚨쇋쾵춳쓚룷돉풱뗄뻟쳥캻훃벰돉풱볤뗄늻춬맘쾵ꎬ쫇웳튵짺첬쾵춳돉풱뷡릹ퟩ돉뗄췢퓚뇭쿖ꆣ웤쿂튻닣뗄횸뇪횻쫇톡좡쇋폫돉풱볤킭춬ힴ뿶폐맘뗄벸쿮쓚죝ꆣ?ꋙ?탅죎믺훆뗄붡좫ꆣ웳튵짺첬쾵춳쫇튻훖쯉즢뗄췸싧ퟩ횯탎쪽ꎬ쾵춳쓚룷돉풱볤쫴폚쿠뛔쯉즢뗄췸싧맘쾵ꆣ탅죎믺훆뗄붨솢쫇웳튵볤뫏ퟷ뗄놣헏ꎬ뛸웤붡좫폫럱횱뷓펰쿬떽돉풱볤뗄킭춬ힴ뿶쫇럱솼뫃ꆣ?ꋚ?맘쾵믺훆뗄폐킧탔ꆣ폐킧킭뗷쾵춳쓚돉풱볤맘쾵ꎬ쫇킭춬ힴ뿶솼뫃뗄뇭쿖횮튻ꆣ?ꋛ?돥춻뒦샭킧싊ꆣ?ꎨ?ꎩ쫕틦폫럧쿕?ꋙ?쫕틦럖엤뗄릫욽탔ꆣ룷돉풱웳튵릲춬ퟩ붨웳튵짺첬쾵춳뗄뚯솦벴쪵쿖킭춬쫕틦ꎬ쓇쎴쫕틦럖엤뗄릫욽탔퓚랴펳쾵춳볛횵럖엤쳘탔뗄춬쪱튲쳥쿖쇋돉풱뗄뫏ퟷ킧싊ꆣ?ꋚ?럧쿕럖떣돌뛈ꆣ폐쫕틦뻍폐럧쿕ꆣ릹붨웳튵짺첬쾵춳뿉틔쪹룷웳튵풭살돐떣뗄럧쿕럖즢뮯ꎬ떫늢럇쿻쪧ꎬ뛸쫇릲춬럖떣ꆣ쾵춳럧쿕뗄럖떣돌뛈튲퓚튻뚨돌뛈짏랴펳쇋돉풱볤뗄킭춬ힴ뿶ꆣ?㐮㈠쒣뫽ퟛ뫏움볛ꎨ䙃?ꎩ뗄쫽뻝쒣탍?짏컄틑붨솢쇋믯냩볤뗄킭춬ힴ뿶움볛횸뇪쳥쾵ꎬ킭춬ힴ뿶움볛뗄ힼ놸릤ퟷ틑췪돉ꎬ뷓쿂살탨뷸탐뗄벴붨솢킭춬ힴ뿶뗄움볛쒣탍ꆣ?폐맘움볛샭싛폫랽램뗄쮼슷뿉듳훂맩쓉캪틔쿂죽샠?뗚튻샠쫇틔쫽샭춳볆캪믹뒡뗄샭싛ꎬ쯼쫇쫽톧샭싛뫍뷢컶랽램뛔움볛쾵춳뷸탐퇏쏜뗄뚨솿쏨쫶뫍볆쯣ꆣ헢훖랽램쫇움볛쒿뇪뫍풼쫸쳵볾쟥돾쏷쇋ꎬ늻맽헢훖랽램뎣탨퓚볙뚨뗄쳵볾쿂닅쓜뷸탐ꎬ폐쪱퓚쪵볊펦폃쫜떽튻뚨쿞훆ꆣ뗚뛾샠쫇틔춳볆캪훷뗄샭싛뫍랽램ꎬ쯼쫇춨맽춳볆쫽뻝붨솢움볛쒣탍ꆣ헢쫇튻훖쪵퇩탔뗄움볛랽램ꎬ쓜릻뒦샭쓇킩컞램폃닢솿쫖뛎뗃떽움볛횵뗄컊쳢ꎬ떫평폚헢훖랽램횻쫇춨맽헒돶샺쪷춳볆쫽뻝뗄맦싉살뷸탐움맀ꎬ쓑쏢듦퓚쒳킩욬쏦탔ꆣ뗚죽샠쫇틔움볛뛔쿳뗄쪵볊킧맻쫇럱싺ퟣ쒿뇪살뷸탐뫢솿뗄랽램ꎬ샽죧볆쯣믺럂헦벼쫵뻍쫇쫴폚듋샠ꎬ쯼늻뇘뛔움맀뛔쿳뷸탐좫쏦뛸뿍맛뗄쏨쫶뫍움볛ꎬ뛸횻탨에뛏쓄룶랽낸뗄쪵쪩뷡맻룼뷓뷼쒿뇪뗄쪵쿖ꆣ?쿖폐뗄뛔떥룶뛔쿳쪵쪩움볛뗄랽램폐쫽쪮훖횮뛠ꎬ뇈뷏뎣폃뗄훷튪폐틔쿂벸훖ꎬ돉놾ꆪꆪ킧틦럖컶램ꎬ맘솪뻘헳램ꎬ맘솪쫷램ꎬ쒣뫽ퟛ뫏움볛램ꎬ닣듎럖컶램뗈뗈ꆣ떱움볛뛔쿳폐뛠룶움볛횸뇪쪱ꎬퟮ훕튪붫뛠룶횸뇪뗄움볛횵ퟛ뫏웰살ꎬ뗃떽ퟛ뫏움볛횵ꎬ헢뻍쫇ퟛ뫏움볛ꆣ듓ퟜ쳥짏뿉붫쒿잰맺쓚췢뎣폃뗄움볛랽램럖캪ꎺ볒움볛램ꆢ뺭볃럖컶램ꆢ퓋돯톧뫍웤쯼쫽34
웳튵짺첬쾵춳훐뗄믯냩톡퓱폫움볛 톧랽램ꆣ웤훐ퟮ뫳튻훖랽램폐뿉럖캪틔쿂벸룶샠뇰ꎺ뛠쒿뇪뻶닟램ꆢ쫽뻝냼싧럖컶램ꆢ닣듎럖컶램ꆢ쒣뫽ퟛ뫏움볛랽램ꆢ쫽톧춳볆랽램뗈ꆣ?㐮㈮ㄠ킭춬ힴ뿶움볛랽램뗄톡좡?뛔웳튵짺첬쾵춳쓚돉풱볤킭춬ힴ뿶움볛맽돌짦벰떽쾵춳뗄릦쓜ꆢ킧싊폫죋뗄룐쟩ꆢ탐캪ꆢ에뛏뗈랽쏦ꎬ쯼쫇튻룶쳘쫢뛸뢴퓓뗄맽돌ꆣ쯹틔ꎬ킭춬ힴ뿶뗄움볛뇘탫춬쪱뾼싇뛠룶랽쏦ꆢ뛠룶뮷뷚뫍뛠룶틲쯘ꆣ뿉틔쮵ꎬ뛔킭춬ힴ뿶뗄움볛릤ퟷ놾훊짏뻍쫇튻룶뛠틲쯘뗄ퟛ뫏움볛컊쳢ꆣ틲뛸ꎬ뛔돉풱볤킭춬ힴ뿶뚨솿움볛뗄맘볼뻍쫇헫뛔움볛컊쳢뗄쳘뗣ꎬ죧뫎톡퓱뫏쫊뗄랽램ꎬ틔붨솢튻룶뿆톧뫏샭뗄ퟛ뫏움볛쫽톧쒣탍ꆣ?퓚쪵볊컊쳢뗄움볛훐ꎬ떥틲쯘뗄움볛ퟜ쫇뇈뷏뫃냬뗄ꎬ쓑뗄뻍쫇뛠틲쯘뗄ퟛ뫏움에ꆣ쏀맺죋퓺뗂ꎨ䱁婡摥?ꎩ듓쪵볹훐ퟜ뷡돶헢퇹튻쳵뮥뿋탔풭샭ꎺꆰ떱쾵춳뗄뢴퓓탔죕쟷퓶뎤쪱ꎬ컒쏇ퟷ돶쾵춳쳘탔뗄뺫좷뛸폐틢틥뗄쏨쫶쓜솦붫쿠펦붵뗍ꎬ횱떽쒳튻랧횵ꎬ튻떩뎬맽쯼ꎬ뺫좷탔뫍폐틢틥탔붫뇤돉솽룶벸뫵업돢뗄쳘탔ꆣꆱ헢뻍쫇쮵ꎬ쾵춳뗄뢴퓓돌뛈풽룟ꎬ벴펰쿬틲쯘풽뛠ꎬ퓲폐틢틥뗄뺫좷뮯쓜솦뇣풽뗍ꆣ?ퟐ쾸뾼싇튻쿂룷훖뷏캪뢴퓓뗄쫂컯ꎬ쳘뇰쫇냼삨죋뗄탄샭ꆢ에뛏탐캪뗈틲쯘퓚쓚뗄룷훖쫂컯ꎬ늻쓑랢쿖웤훐듦퓚폐탭뛠늻좷뚨탔ꎬ뛸헢훖늻좷뚨탔훐폐탭뛠늢럇뒫춳뗄쯦믺탔ꎬ뛸쫇평폚룷훖룅쓮췢퇓뗄늻좷뚨탔뛸퓬돉뗄튻훖쒣뫽탔ꆣ벴쫂컯퓚훐뷩맽뛉쪱쯹돊쿖뗄ꆰ틠듋틠뇋ꆱ탔ꆣ쯼쫇업훐싉뗄튻훖웆좱ꆣ퓚죋샠룟벶뗄탄샭믮뚯훐ꎬ훮죧ퟛ뫏움맀맽돌ꆢ뛠캬뻶닟맽돌뗈ꎬ냩쯦ퟅ듭ퟛ뢴퓓뗄맘쾵ꎬ쒣뫽탔뗄웕뇩듦퓚룼쫇늻죝훃틉뗄ꆣ틲캪ꎬ횻튪쫇냼몬ퟅ쒳훖움볛뗄죋샠탐캪ꎬ웤훐뗄훘뢴뫍뿕쾶뻍쫇퓚쯹쓑쏢뗄ꆣ뛸쟒ꎬ쫂컯뗄뢴퓓탔틢캶ퟅ틲쯘뗄훚뛠뫍랱퓓ꎬ떱죋쏇늻뿉쓜뛔좫늿틲쯘뚼뷸탐뾼달ꎬ뛸횻쫇쓜퓚튻룶톹쯵쇋뗄뗍캬틲쯘뿕볤짏살맛달컊쳢쪱ꎬ벴쪹놾살쫇쏷좷뗄쫂컯믲룅쓮ꎬ튲뿉쓜뇤뗃쒣뫽웰살ꆣ늻쓑뾴돶ꎬ돉풱볤뗄킭춬ힴ뿶움볛컊쳢쿔좻듦퓚ퟅ짏쫶뗄쒣뫽탔ꆣ용죧뛔쒳횸뇪뗄쏨쫶랽램춨뎣폐ꎺ폅탣ꆢ솼뫃ꆢ튻냣ꆢ닮뗈뚨탔뇭쪾ꎬ뛸헢킩뚨탔뇭쪾랽쪽컞램폃튻룶퇏룱틢틥짏뗄에뛏뇪ힼ살뫢솿ꎬ뛸쫇튻룶쒣뫽탔룅쓮ꆣ뛔헢샠쒣뫽탔쿖쿳뗄뒦샭ꆢ쏨쫶폫럖컶ꎬ쒣뫽쫽톧쫇튻훖폐킧뗄랽램ꆣ쯼냑뒫춳쫽톧듓뛾횵싟벭뗄믹뒡삩햹떽솬탸횵짏살ꆣ춬쪱ꎬ뛔킭춬ힴ뿶뷸탐ퟛ뫏뚨솿움맀쪱ꎬ뮹뇘탫뛔뛠룶닣듎뗄룷룶틲쯘뗄뻟쳥ힴ첬뷸탐쫽솿뮯뗄ퟛ뫏ꆣ벴붫죋쏇뗄뇈뷏에뛏뗄쮼캬맽돌퓚뷏뛠뗄닣듎짏뷸탐쫽솿뮯?믱좡킭춬ힴ뿶움볛횸뇪좨훘쾵쫽ꆣ뛸뛔헢샠컊쳢뗄뒦샭뻍뿉쪹폃잰튻헂쯹뷩짜뗄닣듎럖컶램ꎨ䅈?ꎩꆣ틲듋ꎬ놾뿎쳢톡폃닣듎럖컶램폫쒣뫽ퟛ뫏움볛램ퟷ캪뒦샭컊쳢뗄릤뻟ꎬ닉폃뚨솿뫍뚨탔쿠뷡뫏뗄랽램ꆣ평폚뗚죽헂틑뛔닣듎럖컶램뷸탐쇋쿪쾸뗄뷩짜ꎬ듋뒦늻퓙ힸ쫶ꎬ뛸횱뷓뷩짜쒣뫽ퟛ뫏움볛램ꆣ?35
웳튵짺첬쾵춳훐뗄믯냩톡퓱폫움볛 㐮㈮㈠쒣뫽ퟛ뫏움볛뗄믹놾풭샭ꋙꋚꋛ?쒣뫽ퟛ뫏움볛쫇퓚뾼싇뛠훖틲쯘뗄펰쿬쿂ꎬ퓋폃쒣뫽쫽톧릤뻟뛔쒳쫂컯ퟷ돶ퟛ뫏움볛ꆣ짨U={u1,u2,...,um}캪뿌뮮놻움볛뛔쿳뗄?훖틲쯘벴틲쯘벯ꎬV={v1,v2,...,vn}캪뿌뮮쎿튻틲쯘쯹뒦ힴ첬뗄?훖뻶뛏벴뻶뛏벯ꆣ헢샯듦퓚ퟅ솽샠쒣뫽벯ꎬ틔훷맛뢳좨캪샽ꎬ튻샠쫇뇪횾틲쯘벯?훐훮풪퓚죋쏇탄쒿훐뗄훘튪돌뛈뗄솿ꎬ뇭쿖캪틲쯘벯?짏뗄쒣뫽좨훘쿲솿A=(a1,a,...,am)ꎻ쇭~2튻샠쫇?ꇁ?짏뗄쒣뫽맘쾵ꎬ뇭쿖캪?ꇁ?쒣뫽뻘헳?ꎬ헢솽샠쒣뫽벯뚼쫇죋쏇볛횵맛쓮믲욫뫃뷡릹뗄랴펳ꆣ퓙뛔헢솽샠벯쪩볓쒳훖쒣뫽퓋쯣ꎬ뇣뗃떽?짏뗄튻룶쒣뫽ퟓ벯B=(b1,b2,...,bn)ꆣ틲~듋ꎬ쒣뫽ퟛ뫏움볛쫇횸톰헒쒣뫽좨훘쿲솿A=(a1,a2,...,am)∈F(U)ꎬ틔벰튻룶듓?떽?뗄쒣뫽뇤~뮻~fꎬ벴뛔쎿튻틲쯘u떥뛀ퟶ돶튻룶에뛏~f(u)=(r1,r2,...,r)∈F(V)ꎬiiiiin?㴱ꎬ?ꎬꆭꎬ?ꎬ뻝듋릹퓬쒣뫽뻘헳R=[r]ijm×n∈F(U×V)ꎬ웤훐r뇭쪾틲쯘u뻟폐움폯v뗄돌뛈ꆣ뷸뛸쟳돶쒣뫽ퟛijij뫏움볛B=(b,b,...,bn)∈F(V)뇭쪾놻움볛뛔쿳뻟폐~12ꎬ웤훐b움폯v뗄돌뛈ꎬ벴v뛔쒣뫽벯B뗄jjj~솥쫴뛈ꆣ?쯹틔ꎬ쒣뫽ퟛ뫏움볛뗄쫽톧쒣탍짦벰죽룶튪쯘ꎺ?ꎨ?ꎩ?틲쯘벯U={u1,u2,...,um}ꎻ?ꎨ?ꎩ?뻶뛏벯V={v1,v2,...,vn}ꎻ?ꎨ?ꎩ?떥틲쯘에뛏~fꎺU→F(V)ꎬu?a?~f(u)=(rr,...r)∈F(V)iii1,i2,ꆣ?in평~f뿉폕떼쒣뫽맘쾵~R∈F(U×V)ꎬ웤훐R(u,v)=f(u)(v)=rꎬ뛸평R뿉릹돉쒣뫽ffijijijf뻘헳ꎺ?r11r12...r1n†††††?r21r22...rR=2n?......rm1rm2...rmn뛔폚틲쯘벯?짏뗄좨훘쒣뫽쿲솿A=(a,a,..a~12.,m)ꎬ춨맽R뇤뮻캪뻶뛏벯?짏뗄쒣뫽벯~B=AoRꎬ폚쫇ꎨ?ꎬ?ꎬRꎩ릹돉튻룶ퟛ뫏움볛쒣탍ꎬ쯼쿱튻룶죧춼???ꎨ쿂튳ꎩ쯹쪾뗄뮻~~~~웷ꆣ죴쫤죫튻룶좨훘럖엤A∈F(U)ꎬ퓲쫤돶튻룶ퟛ뫏움볛B=AoR∈F(V)ꆣ?~~~~ ꋙ맋믹랢⸠ퟛ뫏움볛랽램孍?⸠놱뺩?훐맺뿆톧벼쫵돶냦짧ꎬㄹ㤰ꎬ倲??㈶ ꋚ쟘쫙뾵??ퟛ뫏움볛풭샭폫펦폃??뗧ퟓ릤튵돶냦짧ꎬ㈰〳?? ꋛ췵ퟚ뻼??ퟛ뫏움볛뗄랽램ꆢ컊쳢벰웤퇐뺿쟷쫆??ㄹ㤸ꎬㄨㄩꎺ㜳?㜹 36
웳튵짺첬쾵춳훐뗄믯냩톡퓱폫움볛 A∈F(U)B=AoR∈F(V)~R∈F(U×V)~~~~ †††????†††††††††††††?춼????쒣뫽뮻웷?쒣뫽ퟛ뫏움볛뗄믹놾늽훨?늽훨ㄠ좷뚨움볛뛔쿳벯ꆢ틲쯘벯뫍움폯벯ꆣ?룹뻝쪵볊탨튪좷뚨움볛뗄뛔쿳벯ꆢ움볛뗄틲쯘벯뫍움폯벯ꎨ벴뻶뛏벯ꎩꆣ?뛔쿳벯ꎺO={o1,o2,o3,...,o}?l틲쯘벯ꎺU={u1,u2,...,um}?뻶뛏벯ꎺV={v1,v2,...,vn}?늽훨㈠붨솢?룶움볛틲쯘뗄좨훘럖엤쿲솿Aꆣ?~움볛틲쯘벯훐뗄쎿룶틲쯘퓚ꆰ움볛쒿뇪ꆱ훐폐늻춬뗄뗘캻뫍ퟷ폃ꎬ벴룷움볛틲쯘퓚ퟛ뫏움볛훐햼폐늻춬뗄뇈훘ꎬ헢룶뇈훘컒쏇돆횮캪좨훘횵ꎬ좷뚨좨훘횵뗄랽램폐뫜뛠ꎬ뿉틔닉폃볒톯램ꆢ닣듎럖컶램믲ꆰ쿠뛔훘튪돌뛈쿠맘뗈벶볆쯣램ꆱ뗈ꆣ퓚놾컄훐좨훘쿲솿뗄좷뚨훷튪닉폃닣듎럖컶램살믱뗃ꆣ?늽훨㌠춨맽룷떥틲쯘쒣뫽움볛믱뗃쒣뫽ퟛ뫏움볛뻘헳ꆣ??R1r11r12...r1nR††rr...rR=2=21222n?.........Rmrm1rm2...rmn?쎿튻룶움볛뛔쿳뚼펦붨솢튻룶ퟛ뫏움볛뻘헳Rꎬ웤훐R=(r1,r2,r3,…,r)~iiiiin캪뗚?룶틲쯘ui뗄떥틲쯘움볛ꎬ쯹틔r뇭쪾뗚?ꎨ?ꇜ?ꇜ?ꎩ룶틲쯘u퓚뗚?ꎨ?ꇜ?ꇜ?ꎩ룶움폯v짏뗄욵싊럖ijijn늼ꎬ튻냣붫웤맩튻뮯쪹횮싺ퟣ∑r=1ꆣ?ijj=1늽훨㐠뷸탐뢴뫏퓋쯣뿉뗃떽ퟛ뫏움볛뷡맻?mB=AoR=(B1,B2,…,B)ꎬ웤훐B=V(a∧r)??㴱ⰲ?ꆭ??ꆣꇄ뇭쪾a폫r뇈뷏좡ퟮ킡~~~nj=iijiiji137
웳튵짺첬쾵춳훐뗄믯냩톡퓱폫움볛 횵ꎬꇅ뇭쪾퓚洠룶ꎨa∧rꎩ뗄ퟮ킡횵훐좡ퟮ듳횵ꆣ?iij늽훨㔠볆쯣쎿룶움볛뛔쿳뗄ퟛ뫏럖횵?ퟛ뫏움볛뗄쒿뗄쫇듓뛔쿳벯훐톡돶폅쪤뛔쿳ꎬ쯹틔뮹탨튪붫쯹폐뛔쿳뗄ퟛ뫏움볛뷡맻뷸탐업탲ꎬ붫ퟛ뫏움볛뷡맻B뮻캪ퟛ뫏럖횵?ꎬ폚쫇뿉틀䴠횵듳킡뷸탐업탲ꎬ듓뛸뿉쳴톡돶ퟮ~폅헟ꆣ?㐮㈮??뛠벶쒣뫽ퟛ뫏움볛쫽톧쒣탍?퓚쪵볊펦폃훐ꎬ움볛뛔쿳뗄틲쯘벯췹췹늢럇횻쫇떥튻뗄ꎬ뛸쫇폐죴룉ퟩퟩ돉ꎬ헢퇹뻍탎돉뛠벶쒣뫽ퟛ뫏움볛뗄컊쳢ꆣ쿂쏦뻍틀뛾벶쒣뫽ퟛ뫏움볛쒣탍캪샽ꎬ살쟳뷢뻶뛠벶쒣뫽ퟛ뫏움볛뗄컊쳢ꆣ퇘폃짏쏦쳡릩뗄쒣뫽ퟛ뫏움볛쫽톧쒣탍뗄쮼슷ꎬ컒쏇붫틲쯘벯?럖돉죴룉ퟩpU=YUꎬ웤훐UIU=fꎬi≠jꎬ짨U={uuuꎬ폚쫇ijii1,i2,...,}iimii=1U={u11,...,u1m,u,...,u,...,,...,}1212mu2p1upmꎬ쇮__U={U1,U2,...,Upp}ꎬ돆__U캪뗚?닣틲쯘벯ꎬ웤풪쯘U캪뗚ㄠ닣틲쯘벯?뗄ퟓ벯ꎬ죔뻉뛔뇈뷸탐ퟛ뫏움볛ꎬ뇣뗃떽뛠벶쒣뫽ퟛ뫏움볛쒣탍ꎬ뻟쳥늽i훨죧쿂ꎺ?늽훨ㄠ뛔뗚?닣뗄뗚?椠ퟩU={u,u,...,u}훐훮틲쯘뷸탐떥틲쯘움볛ꎬ벴붨솢쒣뫽펳짤ii1i2imi~f:U→F(V)ꎬ웤훐~(u()if)=ii(r1,r2,...,rkn)∈F(V)ꎬ폚쫇뿉쟳iikkk뗃움볛뻘헳Rꎬ틔(U,V,R)캪iiiii~풭쪼쒣탍ꎬ퓚U훐룸돶훮틲쯘뗄좨훘럖엤A=(a1,a2,...,a)ꎬ쟳뗃ퟛ뫏움볛iiiiimiB=AoR∈F(V)(i=1,2,...,p)ꆣ?iii늽훨㈠뾼싇뗚㈠닣틲쯘벯__U={U1,U2,...,Up}ꎬ틔Bퟷ캪틲쯘U뗄떥틲쯘움볛ꎬ붨솢쒣뫽ii~펳짤?~__f:U→F(V)ꎬ~Uaf(U)=B폚쫇뗃떽뗚?닣뗄쒣뫽맘쾵ퟛ뫏움볛뻘헳??iii~B1~b11b12...b1nB2bbb††††?=~2122...R2n=?~...............Bpbm1bm2...bmn~틔(U,V,R)캪풭쪼쒣탍ꎬ퓚__U훐룸돶훮틲쯘뗄좨훘럖A=(a1,a2,...,ap)∈F(U)?쟳뗃ퟛ뫏움~~볛B=AoR∈F(V)ꆣ?~~~38
웳튵짺첬쾵춳훐뗄믯냩톡퓱폫움볛 B벴캪뛾벶쒣뫽ퟛ뫏움볛쒣탍뗄ퟛ뫏움볛ꎬ샠쯆뗘ꎬ뿉췆맣떽뛠벶쒣뫽ퟛ뫏움볛쒣탍ꆣ~뛾벶쒣뫽ퟛ뫏움볛쒣탍뗄늽훨뿉평쿂쏦뛾벶뮻웷뇭쪾ꎨ죧춼???ꎩꆣ?A∈F(U) ~11B∈F(V) R~1__~1 A∈F(U) ~A∈F(UB∈F(V) 2)~2~2__ RR∈F(U×V) ~~2 ꆭ ꆭ A∈F(U) B∈F(VB∈F(V) ) p~~p~pR~p ?춼????뛾벶쒣뫽뮻웷?㐮㈮㐠믯냩볤킭춬ힴ뿶움볛쒣탍펦폃쪵샽?샻폃룕닅뷩짜뗄닣듎쒣뫽ퟛ뫏움맀쒣탍살움볛쒳웳튵짺첬쾵춳쓚믯냩웳튵볤뗄킭춬ힴ뿶ꎬ웤움볛횸뇪쳥쾵죧춼???ꎨ쿂튳ꎩ쯹쪾ꆣ?캪쇋좷뚨룷횸뇪좨훘ꎬ쫗쿈뷸탐볒뗷닩ꆣ평웳튵맜샭볒ꆢ짮웳튵볒룹뻝웤뛠쓪뗄릤ퟷ뫍쪵볹뺭퇩뛔룷룶횸뇪뗄훘튪뛈뷸탐솽솽뇈뷏ꎬ늢샻폃닣듎럖컶램뇠훆볆쯣믺돌탲볆쯣ꎬ뗃떽룷룶횸뇪뗄쿠뛔좨훘ꆣ?39
웳튵짺첬쾵춳훐뗄믯냩톡퓱폫움볛 닺욷U11 폐탎닺U1 럾컱U12 뷰U13 햽싔튻훂돌뛈U21 믯냩컞탎닺U2 횪쪶릲쿭돌뛈U22 볤킭춬ힴ뿶움볛컄뮯볦죝돌뛈U23 탅죎믺훆뗄붡좫U31 쾵춳ퟩ횯U3 맘쾵믺훆뗄폐킧탔U32 돥춻뒦샭킧싊U33 쫕틦럖엤뗄릫욽탔U41 쫕틦폫럧쿕U4 럧쿕럖떣돌뛈U42 ?춼??㐠믯냩볤킭춬ힴ뿶움볛횸뇪?룹뻝볒붻믘뗄뗷닩뇭훐쎿튻룶움볛횸뇪쿠뛔훘튪뛈솽솽뇈뷏뗄에뛏뢳횵뇭ꎬ춨맽볆쯣뿉뗃떽움맀횸뇪좨훘뗄튻룶닎뾼횵ꆣ평뗚죽헂뷩짜뗄튻훂탔볬퇩랽램볆쯣쯦믺튻훂탔뇈싊䍒ꎬ떱䍒㰰⸱?쪱뇈뷏에뛏뻘헳뻟폐싺틢뗄튻훂탔ꎬ퓲움볛횸뇪좨훘뗄닎뾼횵뿉폃ꎻ죴䍒ꇝ〮ㄠ쪱ꎬ뇈뷏에뛏뻘헳늻튻훂ꎬ닎뾼횵짡웺ꎬ뇘탫뷸탐탞헽ꆣ?틀뻝짏쫶볆쯣랽램뇠돉볆쯣믺돌탲퓋쯣ꎬ퓋탐뗃떽믯냩볤킭춬ힴ뿶움볛횸뇪좨훘ꆣ죧뇭???훁뇭???쯹쪾ꆣ??40 U
웳튵짺첬쾵춳훐뗄믯냩톡퓱폫움볛 뇭??ㄠ킭춬ힴ뿶ힼ퓲닣횸뇪좨훘?횸뇪?폐탎닺?컞탎닺?쾵춳ퟩ횯?쫕틦폫럧쿕?좨훘?〮㌵?〮ㄵ?〮㌵?〮ㄵ??뇭??㈠폐탎닺횸뇪좨훘?횸뇪?닺욷?럾컱?뷰?좨훘?〮㔱?〮ㄴ?〮㌵??뇭??㌠컞탎닺횸뇪좨훘?횸뇪?햽싔튻훂돌뛈?횪쪶릲쿭돌뛈?컄뮯볦죝돌뛈?좨훘?〮㈰?〮㌰?〮㔰??뇭??㐠쾵춳ퟩ횯횸뇪좨훘?횸뇪?탅죎믺훆뗄붡좫?맘쾵믺훆뗄폐킧탔?돥춻뒦샭킧싊?좨훘?〮㐰?〮㈵?〮㌵??뇭??㔠쫕틦폫럧쿕횸뇪좨훘?횸뇪?쫕틦럖엤뗄릫욽탔?럧쿕럖떣돌뛈?좨훘??⸵??〮㐷?평틲쯘벯?ꎽ筕?ⱕ?ⱕ?ⱕ?㵻폐탎닺?컞탎닺?쾵춳ퟩ횯?쫕틦폫럧쿕?ꎻ???㵻⁕ㄱꎬ?ㄲꎬ?ㄳ?㵻닺욷?럾컱?뷰?ꎻ???ꎽ笠?㈱ꎬ?㈲ꎬ???ꎽ?햽싔튻훂돌뛈?횪쪶릲쿭돌뛈?컄뮯볦죝돌뛈?ꎻ???ꎽ笠?㌱ꎬ?㌲ꎬ?㌳?ꎽ?탅죎믺훆뗄붡좫?맘쾵믺훆뗄폐킧탔?돥춻뒦샭킧싊?ꎻ???ꎽ笠?㐱ꎬ?㐲?ꎽ?쫕틦럖엤뗄릫욽탔?럧쿕럖떣돌뛈?ꆣ?뛔믯냩볤뗄킭춬ힴ뿶쏨쫶뻶뛏벯ꎨ튲돆움폯벯ꎩꎬ캪ꎺ??ꎽꎨ??ꎬ??ꎬ??ꎬ??ꎬ??ꎩꎽꎨ폅탣ꎬ솼뫃ꎬ튻냣ꎬ닮ꎬ뷏닮ꎩ늢퓚움폯벯?훐맦뚨??㴱〰ꎬ??ꎽ㠰ꎬ??ꎽ㘰ꎬ??ꎽ㐰ꎬ??ꎽ㈰ꆣ?붫평닣듎럖컶램믱뗃뗄룷횸뇪퓚움맀훐뗄좨훘뇭쪾죧쿂ꎺ?䄽?⠰⸳?ꎬ〮ㄵꎬ〮㌵ꎬ〮ㄵ??41
웳튵짺첬쾵춳훐뗄믯냩톡퓱폫움볛 ??ꎨ〮㔱ꎬ〮ㄴꎬ〮㌵ꎩ???ꎨ〮㈰ꎬ〮㌰ꎬ〮㔰ꎩ???ꎨ〮㐰ꎬ〮㈵ꎬ〮㌵????ꎨ〮㔳ꎬ〮㐷??쿖퓚평웳튵맜샭볒ꆢ짮웳튵볒뗈?죋ퟩ돉움볛볒ퟩ뛔룃웳튵짺첬쾵춳쓚돉풱볤뗄킭춬ힴ뿶뷸탐움볛ꎬ웤움볛뷡맻죧쿂ꎺ?R1=†††R2=0. 맩튻뮯뒦샭ꎬ늢붫쯹뗃쿲솿ퟷ캪짏닣횸뇪움볛뻘헳?0.=?~뛔틔짏뻘헳맩튻뮯뒦샭ꎬ뗃돶뛾벶ퟛ뫏움맀쿲솿ꎺ?B=AoR?ꎨ〮㈸ꎬ〮㌵ꎬ〮㌲ꎬ〮ㄶꎬ〮〸ꎩ?~~~?맩튻뮯뗃?B′?ꎨ〮㈴ꎬ〮㈹ꎬ〮㈷ꎬ〮ㄳꎬ〮〷ꎩ?평듋ꎬ볆쯣돶룃웳튵짺첬쾵춳쓚돉풱볤뗄킭춬ힴ뿶뗄ퟛ뫏뗃럖캪?mW=∑bkvk=B′•V=70k=142
웳튵짺첬쾵춳훐뗄믯냩톡퓱폫움볛 뗚컥헂?뷡싛?㔮?놾컄뷡싛?놾컄뷡뫏짺첬톧ꆢ맜샭톧ꆢ춳볆톧ꆢ쿖듺쫽톧ꆢ뢴퓓뿆톧뗈뛠톧뿆뗄퇐뺿돉맻ꎬ퓚뛔웳튵짺첬쾵춳믹놾룅쓮ꆢ뷡릹ꆢ릹붨맽돌틔벰쾵춳돉풱볤맘쾵샭싛뷸탐ퟜ뷡뗄믹뒡짏ꎬ뛔릹붨웳튵짺첬쾵춳맽돌훐뗄믯냩톡퓱믺훆ꆢ쾵춳돉풱볤킭춬ힴ뿶움볛뗈컊쳡뷸탐쇋짮죫퇐뺿ꎬ좡뗃쇋죧쿂돉맻ꎺ?ꎨ?ꎩ쫜탩쓢웳튵퓋ퟷ쒣쪽뗄웴쪾ꎬ룹뻝웳튵짺첬쾵춳뗄룅쓮뫍쳘뗣ꎬ싛컄쳡돶쇋웳튵짺첬쾵춳릹붨뗄튻냣맽돌ꎬ틀듎캪뫋탄웳튵뗄좷솢ꆢힼ돉풱웳튵뫋탄뺺헹솦뗄쪶뇰ꆢ믯냩톡퓱ꆢ쾵춳ퟩ횯탎돉벰붨솢탅쾢췸싧쾵춳믹뒡짨쪩뗈뮷뷚ꆣ쏷좷쇋놾컄쯹퇐뺿뗄ꆰ믯냩톡퓱ꆱ쯹뒦뗄쪱볤랶캧ꎬ벴뒦폚웳튵짺첬쾵춳뗄릹붨맽돌훐ꆣ쇭췢ꎬ춨맽뛔웳튵짺첬쾵춳뷡릹뗄ퟜ뷡ꎬ폈웤쫇뛔웳튵짺첬쾵춳뗄닣듎뷡릹뷨본ꎬ쏷좷쇋ꆰ믯냩톡퓱ꆱ쯹뒦뗄뿕볤랶캧ꎬ벴뫋탄짺첬쾵춳ꆣ?ꎨ?ꎩ뛔웳튵짺첬쾵춳릹붨맽돌훐뗄믯냩톡퓱믺훆뷸탐쇋퇐뺿ꆣ죏캪웳튵짺첬쾵춳뗄ꆰ맘볼훖ꆱ뫋탄웳튵펦쫇믯냩톡퓱뗄훷쳥ꎻ춬쪱ꎬ틀뻝웳튵짺첬쾵춳돉풱쳘뗣폫틲쯘톡퓱풭퓲ꎬퟜ뷡돶펰쿬믯냩톡퓱뗄틲쯘훷튪냼삨잱퓚믯냩웳튵뗄ퟛ뫏쪵솦ꆢ뫋탄뺺헹솦ꆢ쫕틦킭춬퓶뎤잱솦ꆢ럧쿕킭춬럖즢잱솦뫍킭춬탔뗈컥쿮쓚죝ꎬ뷓쿂살퓲톡좡닣듎럖컶램붫헢킩틲쯘뷸탐럖닣ꎬ늢내헕닣듎럖컶램뗄늽훨뛔룷튪쯘뷸탐좨훘좷뚨ꎬ늢ퟮ훕ퟶ돶믯냩톡퓱뻶닟ꆣ?ꎨ?ꎩ뛔믯냩볤뗄킭춬ힴ뿶뷸탐ퟛ뫏움볛럖컶ꆣ룃컊쳢뗄뿕볤랶캧폫믯냩톡퓱뗄놣돖튻훂ꎬ죔쫇뫋탄짺첬쾵춳ꆣ떫웤쪱볤랶캧퓲튻냣횸쾵춳뗄퓋ퟷ맽돌ꆣ웳튵짺첬쾵춳쫇튻훖쯉즢뗄췸싧ퟩ횯탎쪽ꎬ쾵춳쓚뗄돉풱볤퓲쫇쯉즢뗄췸싧맘쾵ꎬ쓇쎴랴펳룃훖뢴퓓맘쾵뗄킭춬ힴ뿶횸뇪퓲듦퓚쒣뫽탔ꎬ본폚듋ꎬ놾컄톡좡쒣뫽ퟛ뫏움볛램ꎬ붨솢뛠벶쒣뫽ퟛ뫏움볛쫽톧쒣탍ꎬ늢펦폃폚믯냩볤뗄킭춬ힴ뿶움볛컊쳢ꆣ?㔮?퇐뺿햹췻?웳튵짺첬쾵춳쫇튻룶뢴퓓뗄뚯첬쾵춳ꎬ틲듋뛔웤뗄퇐뺿쫇룶뢴퓓뗄쾵춳릤돌ꎬ쿞폚ퟷ헟쮮욽뫍쳵볾뗄쿞훆ꎬ놾컄뷶듓믯냩톡퓱뫍믯냩볤킭춬ힴ뿶움볛솽랽쏦뷸탐쇋퇐뺿뫍첽쳖ꎬ컄훐뮹듦퓚훮뛠좱쿝뫍늻ퟣ횮뒦ꎬ뛸쟒맘폚웳튵짺첬쾵춳뗄볌탸퇐뺿뗄뿎쳢ꎬ뮹듦퓚ퟅ폐듽뷸튻늽짮죫퇐뺿뗄럡뢻??ꎨ?ꎩ삩햹퇐뺿랶캧ꆣ놾컄뗄퇐뺿뷶쿞폚뫋탄짺첬쾵춳ꎬ뛔폚삩햹뗄짺첬쾵춳뫍헻룶짺첬43
웳튵짺첬쾵춳훐뗄믯냩톡퓱폫움볛 쾵춳뗄쿠맘컊쳢뗄퇐뺿ꎬ탨뷸튻늽뗄첽쯷ꎻ?ꎨ?ꎩ쪵횤퇐뺿ꆣ퓚샭싛퇐뺿뗄믹뒡짏ꎬ톡좡뗤탍뗄헽랴솽랽쏦뗄웳튵짺첬쾵춳낸샽뛔싛컄훷쳢뷸탐쪵횤퇐뺿ꎬ틔뇣폚쳡돶룼뻟쪵폃탔뫍닙ퟷ탔뗄붨틩폫랽램ꎻ?ꎨ?ꎩ횸뇪톡좡뗄룼볓뿆톧뮯폫뫏샭뮯ꆣ싛컄훐믯냩톡퓱뗄훷튪펰쿬틲쯘뫍믯냩볤킭춬ힴ뿶움볛횸뇪뚼쫇춨맽쿲쿠맘볒톯뫍컊뻭뗷닩뫳맩쓉ퟜ뷡뗃돶뗄ꎬ훷맛탔뷏잿ꎬ틲듋뮹탨뎢쫔쪹폃웤쯻뗄톡좡쫖뛎ꎬ좡뗃믹뒡쫽뻝ꎬ틔쳡룟움볛뷡맻뗄ힼ좷탔ꆣ44
웳튵짺첬쾵춳훐뗄믯냩톡퓱폫움볛 닎뾼컄쿗?ꆾ?ꆿ퇮훒횱⸠웳튵짺첬톧틽싛孍崮?놱뺩?뿆톧돶냦짧Ⱐ㈰〳?ꆾ?ꆿ?쏀?싵뿋뛻ꆤ늨쳘?맺볒뺺헹폅쫆ꆸ䵝⸠놱뺩?뮪쿄돶냦짧ꎬ㈰〲?ꆾ?ꆿ놣싞ꆤ믴뿏⸠짌튵짺첬톧㨠뿉돖탸랢햹뗄탻퇔孍崮?짏몣?짏몣틫컄돶냦짧Ⱐ㈰〱?ꆾ?ꆿ쪷쳬쇖?삼?커?컀뮢쇖⸠맜샭톧풭샭⸠훐맺짌튵돶냦짧⸠㈰〰?ꆾ?ꆿ?Moore, J. F. Predators and prey: the new ecology of competiton. Harvard Business Review. Vol. 71(3), 1993, 75-83?ꆾ?ꆿSuan, Tan Sen. Enterprise Ecology[J]. Sinapore Management Review, 1996, 8(2): 51-63 ꆾ7ꆿJoseph Abe, Patricia Dempsey & David Bassert. Business Ecology: Giving Your Organization the Natural Edge. Oxford: Butterworth Heinemann, 1998 ꆾ8ꆿGossian Sanjiv, Kandiah Gajen. The New Business Ecosystem. Strategy & Leadership, 1998, 25(5): 28-33 ꆾ9ꆿKathleen M. Eisenhardt and D. Charles Galunic. Coevolving: At Least, A Way to Make Synergics Work. Harvard Business Review, 2000(1) ꆾꆿꎨ죕ꎩ쒾쓚뛠횪뫍ꎨ쏀ꎩ짡뛻싼⸠웳튵뗄ퟔ좻뿎ꆪꆪ듓폪쇖훐톰헒돖탸펯샻뗄짌튵램퓲孍崬?놱뺩ꎺ믺킵릤튵돶냦짧Ⱐ㈰〳?ꆾㄱꆿIansiti, M. & Levien, R. Strategy as Ecology. Harvard Business Review, Vol, 82(3), 2004 ꆾ12ꆿIansiti, M. & Levien, Keystone Advantage: What the New Dynamics of Business Ecosystems Mean for Strategy, Innovation, and Sustainability. Harvard Business School Press, 2004. 255p. ꆾ13ꆿGossain Sanjiv, Cracking the Collaboration Code. Journal of Business Strategy, Nov/Dec 2002, Vol. 23 Issue6, p20-26 ꆾ14ꆿTapscot Don. The Web Still Reigns. Intelligent Enterprise, 5/7/2001, Vol. 4 Issue 7, p16-18 ꆾ15ꆿHarald Mahrer, Roman Brandtweiner. The Supply Side is Loosing GrorneꎭAustrian Top-500 companies are ignoring the e-commerce challenge. Proceedings of the 2nd Bitworld Conference, Cape Town 1999 ꆾ16ꆿRobert W. Rycroft, DonE. Kash. Innovation Policy for Complex Technologies. Issues in Science and Technology, Vol. 16, ,(Fall 1999), pp73-79 ꆾ17ꆿMike Hobday. Product Complexty, Innovation and Industrial Organization. Research Policy 26, (February 1998): 689-710 45
웳튵짺첬쾵춳훐뗄믯냩톡퓱폫움볛 ꆾㄸꆿ슽쇡⸠웳튵짺첬톧풭샭첽쳖孎崮?짮?쳘쟸놨Ⱐㄹ㤵Ⱐ㈸⼲?ꆾㄹꆿ뇏쇇풭⸠탐튵짺첬싛孊崮?짌튵컄뮯Ⱐㄹ㤹⠶⤺‱??ㄳ?ꆾ??ꆿ쳆킡컒뗈⸠횪쪶뺭볃쪱듺웳튵뺺헹뗄탂쳘뗣孊崬?뗧ퟓ뿆벼듳톧톧놨ꎨ짧뿆냦ꎩⰠㄹ㤹⠱⤺‵??㔶?ꆾ㈱ꆿ솺볎뗈⸠웳튵짺첬폫웳튵랢햹孊崬?맜샭뿆톧톧놨Ⱐ㈰〱Ⱐ㔨㈩㨠㌴?㐱?ꆾ㈲ꆿ솺볎뗈⸠횪쪶짧믡뗄웳튵짺첬쾵춳뢴퓓탔孊崮?뻶닟뷨본Ⱐ㈰〱Ⱐㄴ⠵⤺‶??ꆾ㈳ꆿ솺볎뗈⸠웳튵짺첬폫웳튵랢햹㨠웳튵뺺헹뛔닟孍崮?뿆톧돶냦짧Ⱐ㈰〵?ꆾ㈴ꆿ췵탋풪⸠쏻없짺첬쾵춳돵첽孊崮?훐췢뿆벼탅쾢Ⱐ㈰〰⠲⤺‷??㜵?ꆾ㈵ꆿ췵탋풪⸠쏻없짺첬쾵춳퇝뮯맽돌벰웤퓋탐믺훆孊崮?훐맺톧쫵웚뾯컄햪ꎨ뿆벼뿬놨ꎩⰠ㈰〰⸠㘨㈩㨠㈵??㈵??ꆾ㈶ꆿ췵탋풪⸠쏻없짺첬쾵춳돉풱릹돉쳘뗣벰웤샻틦욽뫢孊崮?짌튵퇐뺿⸠㈰〰⠱〩㨠??ㄱ?ꆾ㈷ꆿ믆슳돉⸠쟸폲뒴탂쾵춳퇐뺿㨠짺첬톧뗄쮼뾼孊崮?뿆톧톧퇐뺿Ⱐ㈰〳Ⱐ㈱⠲⤺′ㄵ?㈱??ꆾ??ꆿ헔맺뷜뗈⸠짌튵짺첬쾵춳샭싛벰웤펦폃孊崮?훊솿뒺쟯Ⱐ㈰〲⠱⤺‴??㐵?ꆾ㈹ꆿ헅믝컄⸠잳첸컷늿솬쯸뎬쫐뗄랢햹벰웤짌튵짺첬쾵춳뗄릹붨孊崮?룊쯠뿆벼Ⱐ㈰〳Ⱐㄹ⠴⤺‸??ꆾ㌰ꆿ샮뮳헾⸠컒맺솬쯸뎬쫐짌튵짺첬쾵춳뗄릺붨폫뒴탂孊崮?짌튵뺭볃폫맜샭⸠㈰〰⠴⤺?ㄵ?ㄸ?ꆾ㌱ꆿ훜뫬퇠⸠닣듎럖컶램퓚죋솦풴맜샭랽쏦뗄펦폃??桴瑰㨯⽷睷桩湡桲搮湥?Ⱐ㈰〵?ꆾ??ꆿTroy J. Strader, Fu-Ren Lin, Michael J. Shaw, Information Infrastructure for Elec-Tronic Virtual Organization Management, Design Support Systems, 1998(23), pp75-94 ꆾ33ꆿEhrlich, P. R. & Raven, P. H., Butterflies and plants: a study in coevolution[J]. Evolution, 1964(18): 586-608 ꆾ34ꆿRoughgarden, J., Resource partitioning among competing speciesꎭa coevolutionary approach[J], Theoretical Population Biology, 1976, 9(3): 388-424 ꆾ35ꆿChristopher D. Rosin, Richard K. Belew, New Methods for Competitive Coevolution[J], Evolutionary Computation, 1997, 5(1): 1-29?ꆾ??ꆿ헅쫷틥??킭춬뷸뮯?튻?쿠뮥ퟷ폃폫뷸뮯샭싛Ⱐ짺컯톧춨놨Ⱐㄹ㤶Ⱐ㌱⠱ㄩ㨠㌵?㌶?ꆾ??ꆿ샮폂??믹폚톭뮷뺭볃뗄웳튵벯좺짺첬뮯퇐뺿⁛䑝⸠뫓몣듳톧Ⱐ㈰〶?ꆾ㌸ꆿ헅?⸠릹붨컒맺쇣쫛튵짌튵짺첬쾵춳孄崮?춬볃듳톧Ⱐ㈰〷?ꆾ??ꆿ췵솢횾⸠웳튵럂짺뗄믺샭뫍뇭탍퇐뺿孄崮?뮪훐뿆벼듳톧Ⱐ㈰〴?46
웳튵짺첬쾵춳훐뗄믯냩톡퓱폫움볛 ꆾ㐰ꆿ뫎쯕뮪⸠웳튵췸싧ퟩ횯샻틦ꆢ럧쿕벰뿘훆孊崮?볛횵릤돌Ⱐ㈰〳⠶⤺‱㈶?ㄲ??ꆾ㐱ꆿ쯎맢탋뗈⸠탩쓢웳튵뗄뫏ퟷ럧쿕퇐뺿孊崮?죭뿆톧Ⱐ㈰〴⠳⤺‸??㠶?ꆾ㐲ꆿ튶량Ⱐ헅뫬⸠햽싔솪쏋뗄럧쿕럖컶벰웤럀랶뛔닟孊崮?뿆톧맜샭퇐뺿Ⱐㄹ㤹⠵⤺?㘳?㘵?ꆾ㐳ꆿ맋믹랢⸠ퟛ뫏움볛랽램孍崮?놱뺩?훐맺뿆톧벼쫵돶냦짧ꎬㄹ㤰ꎬ倲??㈶?ꆾ㐴ꆿ쟘쫙뾵⸠ퟛ뫏움볛풭샭폫펦폃⸠뗧ퟓ릤튵돶냦짧ꎬ㈰〳???ꆾ㐵ꆿ췵ퟚ뻼⸠ퟛ뫏움볛뗄랽램ꆢ컊쳢벰웤퇐뺿쟷쫆⸠ㄹ㤸ꎬㄨㄩꎺ㜳?㜹?47
웳튵짺첬쾵춳훐뗄믯냩톡퓱폫움볛 훂킻?죽쓪쮶쪿톧쾰웚볤ꎬ컒뗄떼쪦쪷쳬쇖뷌쫚룸쇋컒뫜뛠냯훺ꆣ퓚톧튵짏ꎬ쯻뛔컒퇏룱튪쟳ꎬ뺡솦냯훺ꎬ쪹컒뛔ퟔ벺쯹톧뗄튵횪쪶폐쇋튻룶룼룟쮮욽뗄죏쪶ꆣ퓚킣웚볤킴뗄쎿욪훐웚싛컄쯻뚼죏헦탞룄ꎬ횸돶늻ퟣ횮뒦ꎬ쳡돶뒴탂쮼쿫틔릩닎뾼ꆣ쳘뇰쫇퓚싛컄뗄킴맽돌훐ꎬ듓싛컄뗄톡쳢ꆢ뷡릹낲업ꆢ쫕벯쇏떽싛컄킴ퟷ업냦ꎬ쪷샏쪦뚼룸폨쇋쾤탄뗄횸떼ꆣ춬쪱ꎬ퓚짺믮짏ꎬ쪷샏쪦튲룸쇋컒컞캢늻훁뗄맘뮳ꆣ쪷샏쪦캪죋잫뫍ꎬ훎톧퇏뷷ꎬ퓚ퟶ죋ꆢ쟳횪랽쏦뚼쪹컒쫜틦럋잳ꆣ놾죋쳬폞뛛ꎬ떫쪷샏쪦ퟜ쫇믥죋늻뻫ꎬ컒튪얬솦죃쪷샏쪦헢훖쟚럜ꆢ퇏뷷뗄훎톧첬뛈퓚ퟔ벺틔뫳뗄릤ퟷ뫍쟳톧훐뗃떽맡뎹ꆣ퓚듋ꎬ컒뷷쿲쪷샏쪦뇭쪾돏횿뗄뺴틢뫍훔탄뗄룐킻ꆣ 쯎죰쟤뷌쫚ꆢ쇵헗럥뷌쫚퓚싛컄뾪쳢놨룦뗄움틩훐뛔컒뗄싛컄쳡돶뗄틢볻뫍맛뗣ꎬ췘햹쇋컒뗄킴ퟷ쮼슷ꆣ춬쪱ꎬ퓚욽쪱쫚뿎훐ꎬ룷듺뿎샏쪦튲뚼쪹컒쫜틦럋잳ꎬ뛔컒뗄싛컄튲폐뫜듳뗄냯훺ꆣ퓚헢샯ꎬ컒쿲쯻쏇뇭쪾평훔뗄룐킻ꆣ 룐킻릤짌맜샭톧풺틔벰퇐뺿짺톧풺뗄샏쪦죽쓪살뛔컒뗄엠퇸ꎬ룐킻컒뗄춬톧붯퓆열ꆢ췴욼욼ꆢ컀뇳뗈룸폨뗄냯훺ꆣ룐킻컒뗄엳폑퇮뗄뚦솦킭훺ꆣ룐킻컒뗄뢸쒸ꎬ쫇쯻쏇듓컯훊짏뫍뺫짱짏룸쇋컒듳솦횧돖ꎬ쫇쯻쏇룸쇋컒컞쮽뗄낮ꆣ폈웤룐킻컒뗄낮죋십풨늩ꎬ퓚컒췪돉싛컄뗄헢뛎웚볤ꎬ돽쇋돐떣웰쯹폐뗄볒컱췢ꎬ뮹엣컒뛈맽쇋튻룶룶늻쏟횮특ꎬ냯컒ퟐ쾸닩뾴쎿룶ퟖ럻ꆢ쎿룶룱쪽짵훁쫇쎿룶튳싫ꎬ춬쪱뮹헫뛔컒뗄싛컄쓚죝쳡돶쇋뫜뛠놦맳틢볻ꆣ퓚듋ꎬ컒짮짮뗘룐킻쯻ꎬ쫇쯻뗄횧돖폫낮쪹컒뗄싛컄틔벰쮶쪿쟳톧맽돌죧듋쮳샻뫍돉릦ꆣ ퟮ뫳ꎬ쿲쯹폐퓚톧쾰ꆢ짺믮뫍릤ퟷ랽쏦룸폨컒맘쾵뫍냯훺뗄샏쪦ꆢ춬톧ꆢ엳폑훂틔ퟮ돏횿뗄룐킻ꎡ 48
웳튵짺첬쾵춳훐뗄믯냩톡퓱폫움볛 쮶쪿웚볤랢뇭뗄컄헂?1. 헅퇇욽, 훐컷랽맜샭쮼쿫뇈뷏럖컶, 즽컷닆뺭듳톧톧놨(룟뗈뷌폽냦), 49
