© 2007 Air Products，公司机密
脚手架使用者安全
Scaffold User Safety
关键技能： EHSQ
Key Skill: EHSQ
证书号： 50009147
Qualification Number: 50009147
由学习解决方案服务制作
Produced by Learning Solution Services
© 2007 Air Products，公司机密Rev2 ()
2
打印材料
Printed Materials
请打印下列文件，以在本课程中使用：
Please print the following documents for use in this course:
脚手架使用者具体地点检查清单
Scaffold User Site-Specific Checklist
– 阅读完具体地点的信息/要求后，请关闭文件和共享站
点。继续学习本课程。
After reviewing the Site Specific information/ requirements, close the document and
the Share Site. Continue the course.
停止停止
并阅读并阅读
STOP STOP
and Readand Read
© 2007 Air Products，公司机密Rev2 ()
3
学习目标
Learning Objectives
成功完成本课程后，您应当：
Upon successful completion of this course, you should:
了解脚手架的检查和标签要求（包括因工作中工作范围变更而对脚手架
进行重新评估的程序）。
Understand scaffold inspection and tag requirements (including the process for re-evaluation of a scaffold due a
mid-work job scope change).
了解基本的安全脚手架结构和要求。
Understand basic safe scaffold structure and requirements.
了解合适的个人防护装备和防坠落保护装备。
Know the appropriate personal protective equipment and fall prevention protection equipment.
© 2007 Air Products，公司机密Rev2 ()
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学习目标
Learning Objectives
续前……
Continuing…
知道使用脚手架的危险及相关安全工作方法。
Know hazards of scaffold use and associated safe work practices.
知道在脚手架上如何处理物料。
Know about material handling on the scaffold.
知道脚手架的最大载荷。
Know the scaffold maximum load capacities.
本培训仅适用于脚手架“使用者”。脚手架“搭建
者”和“检查员”需要接受其他培训。
This training is for scaffold ‘users’ only. Additional training is required for Scaffold
‘Builders’ and ‘Inspectors’.
© 2007 Air Products，公司机密Rev2 ()
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为什么要对脚手架使用者进行培训？
Why Train Scaffold Users?
政府要求和 Air Products 标准 ()
Requirement of government and Air Products standards ()
脚手架使用者在使用脚手架前必须出具已接受脚手架使用者培训的证明
Scaffold users must present proof that they have had scaffold user training before using the scaffold
在脚手架上工作的承包商也必须具有脚手架使用者培训的证明
Contractors working on scaffolds must also have proof of Scaffold User training
您能够控制危险！
You can control the hazards!
© 2007 Air Products，公司机密Rev2 ()
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为什么要对脚手架使用者进行培训？
Why Train Scaffold Users?
续前……
Continuing…
9% 的施工死亡事件都与脚手架有关
9% of construction fatalities involve scaffolds
72% 的脚手架伤害是由于：
72% of scaffold injuries are caused by:
– 铺板/支架垮塌，
planking/support giving way,
– 工人滑倒，或
worker slipping, or
– 被掉落的物体击中。
being struck by falling object.
您能够控制危险！
You can control the hazards!
© 2007 Air Products，公司机密Rev2 ()
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由合格人员负责
Competent Person is Responsible
由谁来负责？
Who is responsible?
使用脚手架时，合格人员必须负责安装、检查和拆卸脚
手架。
When scaffolding is used a competent person must be responsible for erection,
inspection and disassembly of scaffolding.
© 2007 Air Products，公司机密Rev2 ()
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由合格人员负责
Competent Person is Responsible
续前……
Continuing…
合格人员是经过脚手架培训公司或内部专家培训认证的
人员，他们能够识别出周围环境中存在和潜在的危险，
并有权采取及时的纠正措施来消除危险。
A Competent Person is someone who’s training has been certified by a scaffold training
company or in-house expert, identifies existing and predictable hazards in the
surroundings and who has authorization to take prompt corrective measures to
eliminate them.
© 2007 Air Products，公司机密Rev2 ()
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脚手架检查
Scaffold Inspection
在下列情况下，必须由有资质的、合格的、取得认证的脚手架
检查员来检查脚手架：
Scaffolds must be inspected by a competent, qualified and certified scaffold inspector in the
following instances:
首次使用前及每次修改后
Before initial use and after any modifications
工作范围变更
If the job scope changes
© 2007 Air Products，公司机密Rev2 ()
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脚手架检查
Scaffold Inspection
续前……
Continuing…
脚手架结构会受到天气影响或设备的撞击
If scaffold structure is affected by weather or struck by equipment
此外，应根据 Air Products 标准或国家法规事先确定好检
查频率
Also, at a pre-determined frequency per Air Products standard or according to National
Legislation
Air Products 脚手架标准是以作业、脚手架类型、地点、天气状况、
使用率、设备年龄及所有修改等因素为依据制定的。
The Air Products Scaffold standard is based on factors such as activity, the type of scaffold, site, weather
conditions, intensity of use, age of the equipment, and any modifications.
© 2007 Air Products，公司机密Rev2 ()
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使用脚手架前请先检查
Inspect A Scaffold Before You Use It
使用脚手架前必须先检查：
Before use a scaffold, you must inspect for:
是否具有当前日期的检查标签
A currently dated inspection tag
是否存在明显的安全危险。
Any obvious safety hazards.
此外，如果在工作中变更了工作范围，
可能需要重新评估脚手架。例如，预期
载荷增加了或需要另一层工作台。
In addition, the scaffold may need to be re-evaluated if there is a
change in the job scope during the work. For example, the
intended load is increased or another work level is needed.
© 2007 Air Products，公司机密Rev2 ()
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脚手架标签
Scaffold Tags
制作好的脚手架上必须具有指示其状态的标签。标签必
须署名，并注明完成时间和/或最近一次合格人员检查的
时间。标签必须悬挂在脚手架的进入点，悬挂高度是站
在梯子底部时与眼睛等高。
A completed scaffold must have a tag indicating it’s status. The tag must be signed and
dated with the time of completion and/or most current inspection by a competent person.
Tags shall be installed at the access point(s) to the scaffold and at eye level at the base of
ladder.
© 2007 Air Products，公司机密Rev2 ()
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脚手架标签
Scaffold Tags
续前……
Continuing…
未检查标签之前不得使用脚手架。标签应当以您认识的语
言书写。如有需要请寻求帮助以获得明确信息。
Do not use a scaffold until you check the tag. The tag should be written in a language that
you understand. Ask for clarification if needed.
此外，标志或标签必须指出脚手架的最大预期载荷和限制。
In addition, a sign or the tag must indicate the maximum intended load and restrictions for the
scaffold.
© 2007 Air Products，公司机密Rev2 ()
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脚手架标签 – 检查的证明
Scaffold Tags – Proof of Inspection
填写完毕的标签应当悬挂在脚手架的进入点
作为检查的证明。
The completed tag should be at the point of access to scaffold, and it is
the proof of inspection.
标签的类型不尽相同。了解您工作地点所用
标签的含义十分重要。
The type of tags may vary. It is important that you understand the
meaning of the tags in use at your location.
© 2007 Air Products，公司机密Rev2 ()
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脚手架标签 – 检查的证明
Scaffold Tags – Proof of Inspection
美国示例
Example US
欧洲示例Example
EU
© 2007 Air Products，公司机密Rev2 ()
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红色标签
Red Tag
检查员将在“红色”标签上签上日期和姓名，表示
不得使用该脚手架，原因是：
The inspector would date and sign a ‘red’ tag indicating the scaffold must not
be used because:
正在安装、拆卸或修改脚手架。
Scaffold is being erected, dismantled, or modified.
检查显示有危险，必须立即停用。
Inspection reveals hazards that require immediate shut-down.
© 2007 Air Products，公司机密Rev2 ()
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红色标签
Red Tag
续前……
Continuing…
在批准投入使用之前，某些工厂可能会使用显示“
红色警告信息”的标签夹。
A tag holder which shows “red warning information” may also be used at some
sites until approved for use.
必须通过值班人员或警告标志或路障来防止未经授
权进入未完工的脚手架。
Unauthorized entry of incomplete scaffolds must be prevented by attendants or by
warning signs or barricades.
© 2007 Air Products，公司机密Rev2 ()
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黄色警示标签
Yellow Caution Tag
检查员将谨慎评估并确定是否
可以使用脚手架
Inspector will evaluate and make determination for
use with CAUTION
在某些情况下，检查员将在“黄色”警示标
签上签上姓名和日期，并填写所有限制或注
意事项。还将注明最大预期载荷。
In some cases, the inspector will date and sign the ‘yellow’ caution tag
and fill in any restrictions or cautions. The maximum intended load will
be listed.
© 2007 Air Products，公司机密Rev2 ()
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黄色警示标签
Yellow Caution Tag
续前……
Continuing…
黄色标签表示脚手架是按照规格搭建的且可投入使用，
但是在某些情况下使用者必须谨慎，如：
A yellow tag means that the scaffold is built to specifications and may be used, but
some conditions exist which require caution for the user such as:
管道、脚手架支柱或钢梁等可能会撞到使用者头
部的物体，狭小的小工作区域；或
Objects such as a pipe, scaffold pole, or steel beam which users could strike
their head, narrow work areas; or
为适应指定作业的其他非常规设计。
Other unusual designs to accommodate the intended activity.
© 2007 Air Products，公司机密Rev2 ()
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绿色标签
Green Tag
如果脚手架是按照规格搭建的，检查员将在“绿
色”标签上签上姓名和日期，绿色标签表示：
When the scaffold is built to specifications, the inspector will date and sign the
‘Green’ tag, which means it was:
没有危险
Free of hazards
指出最大工作载荷
Maximum working load is indicated
可以使用
OK to use
© 2007 Air Products，公司机密Rev2 ()
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绿色标签
Green Tag
续前……
Continuing…
使用前，自己进行目视检查。
Before usage, carry out your own visual inspection.
如果感觉到任何让您觉得脚手架可能不安全的情况，
请取下绿色或黄色标签，让所有人远离脚手架，并
立即通知合格的检查员
If a situation arises where you feel the scaffold may be unsafe, remove the
green or yellow tag, keep all personnel off the scaffold and contact a qualified
inspector immediately
© 2007 Air Products，公司机密Rev2 ()
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绿色标签，不得修改
Green Tag, Make No Modifications
请勿修改或改动脚手架
DO NOT MODIFY OR ALTER A
SCAFFOLD
脚手架使用者在任何情况下都不得改动或修改
脚手架。只经批准的脚手架搭建人员才能修改
脚手架。
Under no circumstances should a scaffold user make alterations or
modifications to a scaffold. Only approved scaffold builders are
permitted to modify a scaffold.
© 2007 Air Products，公司机密Rev2 ()
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绿色标签，不得修改
Green Tag, Make No Modifications
续前……
Continuing…
例如，脚手架使用者绝对不应为了进入工作区而取
下中间隔档。
For example, a scaffold user should never remove a midrail to gain access to a
work area.
如果脚手架看起来不安全……
If the scaffold appears to be unsafe…
停止使用，
Stop use,
将绿色/黄色标签换成红色标签，并
Replace green/yellow tag with red tag, and
联系检查员
Contact the inspector
© 2007 Air Products，公司机密Rev2 ()
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脚手架基本结构
Basic Scaffold Structure
作为脚手架使用者，您需要了解以下基本的安全脚手架结构，以便识别及
避免危险情况。
As a scaffold user, you need to understand the following basic safe scaffold structure so that you can identify and
avoid hazardous situations.
脚手架必须始终安装在稳固的表面上并且必须使用底板。横木即木制垫板，
通常放在底板之下，以提供平坦的表面并防止陷入地面。不得用圆桶、箱
子、散砖或混凝土块之类不稳定的物体支撑脚手架。
Scaffolds must be erected on sound surfaces and base plates must be used at all times. A sill is a wooden pad, often
used under a base plate to provide a flat surface and prevent sinking into the ground. Unstable objects, such as
barrels, boxes, loose brick or concrete blocks shall not be used to support scaffolds.
© 2007 Air Products，公司机密Rev2 ()
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脚手架基本结构
Basic Scaffold Structure
续前……
Continuing…
所有脚手架支柱、支架或立柱必须与基座垂直（90 度）并稳固支撑，以防
止摆动和移位。
All poles, legs, or uprights must be plumb (90 degrees) from the base and be rigidly braced to prevent swaying and
displacement.
© 2007 Air Products，公司机密Rev2 ()
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脚手架结构 – 稳定性
Scaffold Structure – Stability
脚手架稳定性
SCAFFOLD STABILITY
必须在稳固的表面上搭建脚手架。
Scaffolds must be built on a sound surface.
必须使用底板。
Base plates must be used.
– 横木（木制铺板）可提供平坦
的表面。
Sills (wood planks) provide flat surface.
– 不使用不稳定的物体。
No unstable objects are used.
带有底座的螺旋千斤顶
Screw jack with base plate
底板
Base plate
横木
mud sill
铅锤
plumb
交叉撑条
Cross bracing
© 2007 Air Products，公司机密Rev2 ()
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脚手架结构 – 稳定性
Scaffold Structure – Stability
续前……
Continuing…
支柱和立柱应该垂直、呈直角、坚固。
Poles and uprights shall be plumb, square and rigid.
带有底座的螺旋千斤顶
Screw jack with base plate
底板
Base plate
横木
mud sill
铅锤
plumb
交叉撑条
Cross bracing
© 2007 Air Products，公司机密Rev2 ()
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脚手架结构 – 撑条和悬臂支架
Scaffold Structure – Bracing and Outriggers
撑条和悬臂支架
BRACING AND OUTRIGGERS
横拉撑、固定装置、交叉撑条、悬臂支架、斜拉
撑（类似悬臂的支撑物）可确保脚手架不会倾倒。
Ties, anchors, cross bracing, outriggers and raking shores (supports which are
similar to outriggers) ensure that the scaffold cannot tip over.
不安全 – 请勿使用砖
块作为基座
Unsafe – Do NOT use Blocks as a
base
© 2007 Air Products，公司机密Rev2 ()
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脚手架 – 撑条和悬臂支架
Scaffold Structure – Bracing and Outriggers
续前……
Continuing…
此外，在地面之外的任何结构上搭建脚手架时，
必须适当地固定在该结构上。
In addition, any scaffold that is built on any structure other than the ground,
must be properly secured to the structure.
使用拉条防止摆动。
Braces are used to prevent swaying.
不安全 – 请勿使用砖
块作为基座
Unsafe – Do NOT use Blocks as a
base
© 2007 Air Products，公司机密Rev2 ()
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脚手架结构 – 高度限制
Scaffold Structure – Height Restrictions
脚手架高度
SCAFFOLD HEIGHT
注意：如果受到支撑的脚手架高度超过其
基座最小长度的四倍，就必须用拉索、绳
索或拉条加以限制，以免倾倒。
Note: If a supported scaffold is higher than four times it’s
minimum base distance, it must be restrained by guying, tying or
bracing to prevent tipping.
请注意将脚手架绑在墙上的横拉撑
（尚未架设用于进出的梯子）
Notice the ties to wall
(Access Ladder not yet installed)
基座长度 = 1
Base distance = 1
高度是否超过
基座长度的 4
倍？
Is height more than 4x
base?
© 2007 Air Products，公司机密Rev2 ()
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脚手架倒塌 – 固定点太少
Scaffold collapse – Inadequate Anchorage
这是脚手架在大风后倒塌的照片，发生
在荷兰 Botlek。原因是固定点太少。
This is a picture of a scaffold that came down during high
winds at Botlek Netherlands. The anchorage points were not
sufficient.
© 2007 Air Products，公司机密Rev2 ()
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脚手架倒塌 – 固定点太少
Scaffold collapse – Inadequate Anchorage
续前……
Continuing…
直立高度超过 38 米（125 英尺）
或使用所在国家/地区限制的脚手架，
必须由注册专业工程师（或适用的
当地主管机构）设计。
Erected scaffolds exceeding 38 meters (125 feet) in
height or the National limits in the country of use, must
be designed by a registered professional engineer (or
local authority where applicable).
超过 38 米（125 英尺）的脚手
架必须由专业工程师设计
Scaffolds over 38 m (125 ft) must be designed by a
Professional Engineer
© 2007 Air Products，公司机密Rev2 ()
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脚手架基本结构 - 扶手和平台
Basic Scaffold Structure -Railings and Platforms
作为脚手架使用者，您应当知道脚手架的所有敞开侧和平台边缘必须
具有扶手、中间隔档和脚踏板。
As a scaffold user you should know that scaffolds must have guardrails, mid-rails, and toe boards on all open
sides and ends of platforms.
有时会在脚踏板与中间隔档之间使用防护网，以防止物料、工具、零
件从工作平台上掉落。
Netting is used in some cases between toe-board and mid rail to prevent materials, tools and parts from falling
off the decking.
© 2007 Air Products，公司机密Rev2 ()
34
脚手架基本结构 - 扶手和平台
Basic Scaffold Structure -Railings and Platforms
续前……
Continuing…
工作平台应使用经批准的木制、铝制或钢制脚手架铺板完全铺盖。合格
人员/检查员必须确保脚手架结构和工作平台可以支撑预期载荷。
Work platforms shall be fully planked with approved planks of wood, aluminum or steel scaffold planks. The
Competent Person/Inspector must assure the scaffold structure and work platform will support the intended load.
必须固定或夹紧铺板，且铺板必须超出支撑物末端 152 mm（6 英寸），
但最多不超过 305 mm（12 英寸）。
Planks must be secured or clamped and must extend 152 mm (6 inches) to a maximum of 305 mm (12 inches)
over ends of supports.
© 2007 Air Products，公司机密Rev2 ()
35
脚手架基本结构 - 进出
Basic Scaffold Structure -Access
不允许使用者攀爬交叉撑条或脚手架结构进入脚手架。
Users are not permitted to climb the cross bracing or scaffold structure for access.
进出工作平台最好通过可自行关闭进出门板的梯子。梯
子和脚手架应当由同一制造商提供。
The preferred method of access and egress to a work platform is from a ladder with an
self closing access gate panel. They should be provided by the same manufacturer as
the scaffold.
仅在无法安全地使用门板时才能使用链条门
Chain gates can only be used where gate panels are not safely accessible
安全 - 进出门和安全梯
Safe - Access gate and secure ladder
© 2007 Air Products，公司机密Rev2 ()
36
进出用梯具
Access Ladders
进出用梯具必须经批准，并且需要连接顶部、底部及其他中间点以
免移动。梯具顶部必须向上延伸超出工作平台 1 米（ 英尺）。
除非有中间平台，否则进出用梯具的总长度不得超过 9 米（30 英尺）
。 Access ladders must be approved, attached at top, bottom, & other midway point to prevent
movement. The top of the ladder must extend above the work platform by 1 meter ( feet). The total
length of the access ladder must not be over 9 meter (30 feet) unless a resting platform is provided.
© 2007 Air Products，公司机密Rev2 ()
37
进出用梯具
Access Ladders
续前……
Continuing…
此外，进出平台或工作平台的垂直间距不得超过 9 米（30 英尺）。
如果脚手架的高度超过 9 米（30 英尺），所有附加平台都必须位
于脚手架内部。
In addition, access or working platforms must not be more than 9 meters (30 feet) apart vertically. When
a scaffold height exceeds 9 meters (30 feet), all additional platforms must be on the inside of the
scaffolding.
如果工作平台的间距超过 6 米（20 英尺），进出用梯具必须配备
自收缩式救生索或经批准的救生笼。
If working platforms are spaced more than 6 meters (20 feet) apart, the access ladder must have a self-
retracting lifeline or approved cage.
© 2007 Air Products，公司机密Rev2 ()
38
移动式脚手架
Mobile Scaffolds
当轻便型移动式脚手架平台用于轻度工作时：
When lightweight mobile scaffold platforms are used for light duty work:
必须由经过培训的人员安装及使用脚手架。
They must be erected and used by trained personnel.
只能在水平、坚固的表面上使用脚手架。
They must be used only on level and firm surface.
不得使用梯具来增加脚手架的高度。
Do not use a ladder to extend the height.
必须通过插梢或其他可靠的锁紧装置将脚轮固定
在脚手架上。
Casters must be secured to scaffold via pin or other positive locking device. 移动式脚手架的脚轮锁
Mobile scaffold wheel lock
锁定插梢
Locking Pin
© 2007 Air Products，公司机密Rev2 ()
39
移动式脚手架的高度
Mobile Scaffolds Height 带悬臂支架的移动式脚手架
Mobile scaffold with outriggers
脚手架高度受制造商、国家/地区规定和/或 EHS 脚手
架标准的限制。
Height is limited by the manufacturer, country restrictions and or EHS scaffold
standards.
所有拉条和悬臂支架都应该安装就位。
All bracing and outriggers are to be in position
每次使用前必须将脚轮锁住。
Wheels must be locked before each use.
平台上有人和/或物料时，绝对不要移动移动式脚手架。
Never move a mobile scaffold with persons and/or material on the platforms.
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移动式脚手架的高度
Mobile Scaffolds Height
续前……
Continuing…
移动式脚手架的高度不得超过最小基座尺寸（用大于
3:1 的因数计算出的尺寸）。如果没有相关信息，则假
定最大比例为 2:1。
The height of the scaffold shall not exceed the smallest base dimension by a factor
greater than 3:1. If information is available, assume 2:1 as the maximum ratio.
此外，最小基座尺寸不应小于 1200 mm（4 英尺）。
Additionally, the smallest base dimension shall not be less than 1200 mm (4' feet).
始终从内侧攀爬脚手架！！
Climb scaffolds always at the inside!!
带悬臂支架的移动式脚手架
Mobile scaffold with outriggers
© 2007 Air Products，公司机密Rev2 ()
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安全工作方法 – 使用 PPE
Safe Work Practices – Use PPE
除了安全的设计和结构，在脚手架上时还必须遵循安全工作方法。
包括根据工作类型和工作区选择合适的个人防护装备 (PPE)。
In addition to safe design and structure, you must use safe work practices on a scaffold. This includes
the appropriate Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) based on the type of work and the work area.
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安全工作方法 – 使用 PPE
Safe Work Practices – Use PPE
续前……
Continuing…
PPE 至少应包括安全帽、安全防护眼镜和具有脚趾保护功能的
安全鞋。特殊工作可能需要其他防护装备，如安全工作许可所述
之手套和呼吸器。
As a minimum, PPE includes hardhats, safety glasses, and safety shoes with protective toe caps.
Additional protective equipment may be required for specific tasks, such as gloves and respirators as
noted on the safety work permit.
© 2007 Air Products，公司机密Rev2 ()
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坠落保护
Fall Protection
是否需要坠落保护由合格人员确定，如果需要使用则应进行培训。
The need for Fall Protection is to be determined by a Competent Person, and if used, training is required.
对于悬挂绿色标签的脚手架，在扶手、中间隔档、脚踏板和进出门齐全
的狭小平台内部工作时，不需要绑带。
On a green tagged scaffold, tie off is not required when working inside the confines of platform with full handrail,
mid rail, toe boards and gated access.
但是如果您靠在扶手上，就必须系上合适的坠落保护装备。
However if you lean over railings, you must tie off with proper fall protection gear.
© 2007 Air Products，公司机密Rev2 ()
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天气预防措施
Weather Precautions
天气可能对脚手架使用者造成其他危险。
Weather may present additional hazards to scaffold users.
有雷雨或强风时请勿使用脚手架。
Do not use scaffolds during electrical storms or high winds.
在脚手架周围围上遮布会增大风力载荷。
只有在脚手架结构和横拉撑和/或斜拉撑可以承受额外的风力载
荷时，才能使用遮布。
Sheeting, an enclosure around a scaffold, increases the wind load.
It should only be used where the scaffold structure and ties and/or raking shores will accommodate
the additional wind load.
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天气预防措施
Weather Precautions
续前……
Continuing…
遮布还可能会形成狭小空间，并可能在使用焊接气体或通风
口被遮住时形成窒息环境。
Sheeting may also create a confined space and possible asphyxiating atmosphere when
welding gases are in use or vent outlets are sheeted in.
脚手架表面不得覆盖冰雪，这样可能会使脚手架结构超载或
造成滑倒危险。将雪铲除，并使用防滑材料。
Scaffold must not be covered with ice or snow, it may overload the scaffold structure or cause a
slipping hazard. Remove snow and use anti-skid material
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区域中的电气危害
Electrical Hazards in the area
在通电电线附近工作时，必须采取特别的预防措施。
Special precautions must be taken when working near energized power lines.
与通电电线至少保持 5 米（15 英尺）的距离
Keep at least 3 meters (10 feet) from live power lines
与高压线保持 5 米（15 英尺）以上的距离
More than 3 meters (10 ft) required for High Voltage
如果这些电线带电，脚
手架可能也会带电。
If live, these power lines could
energize the scaffold.
© 2007 Air Products，公司机密Rev2 ()
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区域中的电气危害
Electrical Hazards in the area
续前……
Continuing…
脚手架的搭建者和检查员必须评估危险，并判定电线和脚
手架之间的距离是否足够。
The Scaffold Builder and Inspector must evaluate the hazards and determine if the
distance between the power line and the scaffold is adequate.
距离包括与导电物料（支柱、工具等）之间的距离
Distances include conductive material (poles, tools, etc.)
在某些地区和国家，脚手架可能需要接地。
Grounding of scaffold may be required in some regions, and countries. 如果这些电线带电，脚
手架可能也会带电。
If live, these power lines could
energize the scaffold.
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电气危险，断电
Electrical Hazards, De-Energized
在某些情况下无法保证与通电电线之间的最小距离，则
应该将电线断电，并确认断电后才能在脚手架上开始工
作。
In some cases where the minimum distance to energized power lines can not be
maintained, the power lines shall be de-energized and verified to be de-energized
before work commences on the scaffold.
必须遵守适当的锁定和标定程序。
Proper lock out and tag out procedures must be followed.
无法保持安全距离时就断电
De-energize when safe distance cannot be
maintained
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区域中的压力排放危险
Pressure Venting Hazards in the Area
识别周围环境中可能在脚手架使用时造成危险的任何
安全阀、通风口或火焰排放口。
Identify any safety valves, vents, or flare discharges in the surrounding area that may
pose a hazard during scaffold use.
考虑装置异常情况所带来的影响。
Consider effects of a plant upset.
可能存在的风摆效应。
Possible wind shift effects.
与合格人员一起确定安全工作方法。
Work with the Competent person to determine safe work practices.
© 2007 Air Products，公司机密Rev2 ()
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坠物防护
Falling Objects Protection
对于高度超过 3 米（10 英尺）的脚手架平台的所有
敞开侧，脚踏板是第一道防线。从脚手架上坠落的
物体会造成严重危险。仅当脚手架下的工作人员采
取了适当的“坠物防护”措施时，才能使用脚手架。
Toe boards are the first line of defense for all open sides of scaffold platforms over
3 meters (10 feet). Objects falling from scaffolding can create serious hazards.
Only use a scaffold with proper “falling object protection” for the workers below.
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坠物防护
Falling Objects Protection
续前……
Continuing…
在所有敞开侧使用脚踏板。
Use toe boards on all open sides.
使用良好的内务管理
Use good housekeeping
使用容器装盛小物品
Use containers for small items
将工具/物料放在远离边缘的地方
Keep tools/materials from edges
© 2007 Air Products，公司机密Rev2 ()
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预防坠物
Falling Object Prevention
如果必须将工具或其他物品堆放得比脚踏板高，则必须使用可以拦截坠物或
使其偏向的其他防护方法。包括格网、防护网、安全网、保护平台或天棚。
If you must stack tools or other objects higher than the toe boards, then other means of protection must be used that can
contain or deflect falling material. This may include mesh, screens, nets, catch platforms or canopies.
必要时，设置具有路障的受控“坠落区”，使人员远离危险区域。
When necessary, establish a controlled ‘fall zone’ with barricades to keep personnel out of a hazardous area.
© 2007 Air Products，公司机密Rev2 ()
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预防坠物
Falling Object Prevention
续前……
Continuing…
不要堆积工具、物料和碎片。将小物品（如螺栓）存放在容器内。也不要
将工具放在平台边缘。
Do not allow tools, materials and debris to accumulate. Store small items like bolts, in containers. Keep tools away
from the edge of the platform too.
另外，如果脚手架使用者的头部上方存在危险，则必须进行头部保护。
Also, if there are overhead hazards for the scaffold user, protection must be provided.
© 2007 Air Products，公司机密Rev2 ()
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脚手架载荷
Scaffold Loading
在脚手架上工作时，您必须知道所张贴的最大预期工作载荷，且不超过它。
When working on a scaffold, you must know the posted maximum intended working load and not exceed it.
脚手架平台最大载荷的单位是千克/平方米或磅/平方英寸（或英尺）。
The maximum load should be designated in kilograms per square meter or pounds per square inch (or foot) of scaffold
platform.
不要将超过铺板承载能力的重量单独放在单个铺板上而使脚手架超载。正确
的做法是，均匀分布载荷。
Do not overload the scaffold by point loading an individual plank above its capacity. Instead, spread the load evenly.
© 2007 Air Products，公司机密Rev2 ()
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脚手架载荷
Scaffold Loading
续前……
Continuing…
在美国，脚手架通常分为三个等级：
轻型 (25 PSF)、中型 (50 PSF) 和重型 (75 PSF)。PSF 表示“磅/平方
英尺”。
In the US, there are generally three grades of scaffold:
Light duty (25 PSF), Medium Duty (50 PSF) and Heavy Duty (75 PSF). PSF refers to ‘Pounds per square foot’.
在欧洲则分为标准型（之前称为轻型）(150kg/m2) 和重型 (300kg/m2)
In Europe, there are: Standard (former Light duty) (150kg/m2 ) and Heavy Duty (300kg/m2 )
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最大载荷
Maximum Load
请注意本页中的照片，铺板已弯曲，表示载荷过大。
Note that the photo on this page shows that the planks are bowing and are visibly
overloaded.
除脚手架没有完全铺满铺板外，还缺乏扶手、脚踏
板或适当的进出通道。
In addition the scaffold is not fully planked, and has no rails, toe boards, or
appropriate access.
超载的铺板和其他危险
Overloaded planks and other hazards
不安全
UNSAFE
© 2007 Air Products，公司机密Rev2 ()
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最大载荷
Maximum Load
续前……
Continuing…
另外，请勿同时使用过多平台而造成脚手架柱子超
载。脚手架必须能支撑至少四倍的最大预期载荷。
Also, do not overload the scaffold posts by using too many platforms at the same
time. Scaffolds must be able to support at least four times the maximum intended
load.
超载的铺板和其他危险
Overloaded planks and other hazards
不安全
UNSAFE
© 2007 Air Products，公司机密Rev2 ()
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物料处理
Material Handling
不要让设备掉落或将其扔到脚手架上。
Do not drop or throw equipment to a scaffold.
攀爬时请勿携带物料。始终保持 3 个支撑点。
Do not carry materials as you climb. Keep 3 points of contact at all times.
使用提升装置上下运送物料。
Use a hoist to raise and lower materials.
© 2007 Air Products，公司机密Rev2 ()
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物料处理
Material Handling
续前……
Continuing…
如果脚手架的设计本身不能附加滑轮、提升臂或其他装
置，或不能适当地拉住或支撑，则不得附加这些装置。
因为这样可能使脚手架倾倒。
Do not attach pulleys, hoist arms or other devices to scaffolds if not so designed or not
properly guyed or braced. It may cause the scaffold to tip over.
如果重物可能会摇晃并撞到脚手架，需使用标记线来引
导重物移入和移出脚手架。
Use a tagline to guide the movement of loads on and off the scaffold if the load could
swing and hit the scaffold.
采用安全举物技巧来避免背部受伤。
Use safe lifting techniques to avoid back injuries.
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一般安全工作方法
General Safe Work Practices
在脚手架上时，请勿将铺板放在扶手上或站在梯子、
箱子或其他物体上以增加脚手架的工作高度。
Do not attempt to extend the working height of a scaffold by placing planking across
railings, or by standing on ladders, boxes or other objects while on the scaffold.
不要靠在扶手上。
Do not lean over the railings.
执行焊接、研磨或切割等能够产生热量的工作时，使
用防护措施来保护脚手架结构。
Take provisions to protect the scaffold structure when using a heat producing process,
such as welding, grinding or cutting.
© 2007 Air Products，公司机密Rev2 ()
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总结
Summary
使用脚手架前先检查标签，只有悬挂了绿色或黄色标签（或您自己标签
系统中的安全标签）时才能使用脚手架
Check the scaffold tag before use for inspection and only use if green or yellow (or otherwise indicted per your
tag system)
知道预期载荷和特殊预防措施
Know the intended load and special precautions
© 2007 Air Products，公司机密Rev2 ()
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总结
Summary
续前……
Continuing…
查看有无明显危险，脚手架应当：
Look for obvious hazards, the scaffold should be:
– 坚固、垂直、呈直角
Rigid, plumb and square
– 铺满铺板，具备合适的扶手
Fully decked, proper railings
– 合适的踏脚、进出装置
Proper footing, access, egress
运用良好的判断力，如有疑问请向合格人
员寻求协助
Use good judgment and direct concerns to the Competent Person
© 2007 Air Products，公司机密Rev2 ()
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总结
Summary
此外，应遵循安全工作方法
In addition, follow Safe Work Practices
– 使用合适的 PPE
Use Proper PPE
– 了解天气危险和工艺危险
Be aware of weather hazards, and process hazards
– 始终以安全的方法处理物料
Always practice safe material handling
– 确保做好坠物防护
Make sure falling object protection is in place
请记住：使用脚手架时，需运要良好的判断力，如有疑问请向合格人员
寻求协助。
Remember: when using a scaffold, use good judgment and direct any concerns to the Competent Person
© 2007 Air Products，公司机密Rev2 ()
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总结
Summary
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