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    MBA智库文档 行业 服务业 酒店 酒店管理集团酒店机电设计标准.doc

    酒店管理集团酒店机电设计标准.doc

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    , Radisson Hotels and Resorts Design & Construction Standards Mechanical, Electrical, Hydraulics Services 丽笙酒店及度假酒店 建筑与设计标准 机械、电力和水力设备 Calrson Hotels Worldwide - Asia Pacific Effective: 1st January 2006 TABLE OF CONTENTS GENERAL REQUIREMENTS 通用要求 ............................................................................10 INTRODUCTION 绪论......................................................................................................11 DEVIATIONS 偏差.............................................................................................................11 CODE COMPLIANCE 法规遵循 .......................................................................................11 DOCUMENTATION 文件 .................................................................................................12 DESIGNER DETAILS 设计明细.........................................................................................12 INTERPRETATION 解释 ..................................................................................................13 DESIGN REQUIREMENTS 设计要求................................................................................15 SYSTEM SELECTION 系统选择 .......................................................................................16 DESIGN CONCEPT REPORT 设计概念报告 ...................................................................16 SCHEMATIC DESIGN PHASE 初步设计阶段..................................................................16 DESIGN DEVELOPMENT PHASE 设计发展阶段 ...........................................................19 CONTRACT DOCUMENTATION PHASE 合同文件阶段.............................................20 SEMINARS AND TRAINING 研讨和培训 ........................................................................20 MECHANICAL SERVICES 机械服务 ................................................................................22 GENERAL REQUIREMENTS 通用要求 ............................................................................23 SCOPE 范围 .........................................................................................................................23 SYSTEM DESIGN 系统设计...............................................................................................23 DESIGN CRITERIA 设计标准 .............................................................................................23 DESIGN TEMPERATURE & HUMIDITIES 设计温度和湿度 ............................................23 DIVERSITY 差异性 ..............................................................................................................25 DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS 设计需考虑的事项 .............................................................25 HUMID ENVIRONMENTS 湿度环境 .................................................................................25 AIR CONDITIONING SYSTEM REQUIREMENTS 空调系统要求 ................................27 CENTRAL REFRIGERATION 中央制 冷 .................................................................... ........27 CENTRAL HEATING 中央制 热...................................................................... ....................28 PIPEWORK RETICULATION 管 网 .................................................................... ...............28 GUEST ROOMS 客 房...................................................................... ....................................28 GUEST ROOM CORRIDORS 客房走 廊 .................................................................... .........29 FOYER/RECEPTION 大厅/接待 室 .................................................................... ..................30 SWIMMING POOL ROOMS 游泳 室 .................................................................... ..............31 OPEN PUBLIC SPACES 公共空 间 .................................................................... .................31 DUCTWORK 管道系统 ......................................................................................................31 DESIGN CRITERIA 设计标准 .............................................................................................31 SIZING OF DUCTWORK 管道系统的尺寸........................................................................31 DUCT CONSTRUCTION 管道施工 ..................................................................................32 SUPPORTS 支撑物 ..............................................................................................................33 FITTINGS 配件 ....................................................................................................................34 DAMPERS 气流调节器 .........................................................................................................34 GRILLES, REGISTERS, DIFFUSERS 格栅，风门调节器，布风器.....................................35 SOUND LEVELS 声级.........................................................................................................36 Access doors 检修进出口 ....................................................................................................37 PIPEWORK 管道系统 ......................................................................................................38 DESIGN CRITERIA 设计标准 .............................................................................................38 SIZING OF PIPING 管道系统的尺寸 ..................................................................................38 MATERIAL FOR PIPING 用于管道系统的材料 ..................................................................38 VALVES 阀门 .......................................................................................................................42 BALANCING VALVES 平衡阀 ...........................................................................................43 EXPANSION JOINTS AND LOOPS 膨胀接头和膨胀管...................................................43 HANGERS, ANCHORS, SUPPORTS, ETC.吊架，固定器，支撑物，等等。 ..................44 CLEANING AND TESTING OF PIPING 管道系统的清洁和测试 ....................................45 VALVE TAGS 阀门标签 .....................................................................................................45 INSULATION 绝缘 ............................................................................................................46 DESIGN CRITERIA 设计标准 .............................................................................................46 ELECTRICAL 有关电的部分 ..............................................................................................50 MECHANICAL CONTROL PANEL (MCP) 机械控制面板（MCP） ...............................50 SWITCHGEAR AND CONTROLGEAR 开关设备并且控制设备 .....................................54 CABLES 电缆 .......................................................................................................................58 CABLES INSTALLATION 电缆安装..................................................................................60 CABLE LADDERS AND TRAYS 电缆梯子和托盘.............................................................61 CABLE DUCTS 电缆管道 ...................................................................................................62 CONDUITS套管 ..................................................................................................................63 VARIABLE SPEED DRIVE CONTROLLERS 变速传动装置控制器 ..................................63 ELECTRIC MOTORS 电动机..............................................................................................67 MOTOR STARTERS 电机起动器......................................................................................69 CONTROLS AND BUILDING MANAGEMENT SYSTEM 控制和建筑管理系统 .........70 GENERAL 通用....................................................................................................................70 GUEST ROOM CONTROLS 客房控制器 ..........................................................................70 AIR CONDITIONING AND VENTILATION CONTROLS 空气调节装置和通风控制 ...71 CONDITION MONITORING AND INDICATION 状态监视和指示...............................79 SYSTEM REQUIREMENTS – ELECTRONIC ANALOGUE CONTROLS 系统需求–电 子模拟控制 ........................................................................................................................................85 EQUIPMENT 设备 .............................................................................................................86 CHILLERS 制冷 机 ...................................................................... ........................................86 COOLING TOWERS 冷却 塔........................................................................ ....................87 BOILERS 锅 炉........................................................................ ............................................88 PUMPS 机 泵........................................................................ ...............................................88 AIR HANDLING UNITS 空气调节 器 ...................................................................... .........89 FAN COIL UNITS - DUCTED 风机盘管- - 风 管...............................................................90 FAN COIL UNITS – GUEST ROOMS 风 机盘管– 客 房 ...................................................91 FANS 风 扇........................................................................ ..................................................91 DIFFUSERS & GRILLES 布风器与格 栅 ...................................................................... ......94 FILTERS 过滤器 ...............................................................................................................95 ELECTRICAL SERVICES 电力设备...................................................................................98 GENERAL REQUIREMENTS 总体要求 ............................................................................99 SCOPE 范围 .........................................................................................................................99 INTENT 目的 .......................................................................................................................99 CERTIFICATES OF CONFORMITY 合格证 .....................................................................99 CODES, RULES, PERMITS, FEES 规则 法规 许可证 费用 ..............................................99 STANDARDS AND REGULATIONS 标准及规章制度 ...................................................100 ELECTROMAGNETIC COMPATIBILITY 电磁兼容性...................................................100 DESIGN & DOCUMENTATION 设计及文件编制...........................................................100 SAMPLES 样品...................................................................................................................102 SCOPE OF WORK 工作范围...........................................................................................102 GENERAL 概述 ..................................................................................................................102 ELECTRICAL INSTALLATION 电力安装.......................................................................102 ADDITIONAL REQUIREMENTS 额外的要求.................................................................103 CO-ORDINATION OF ELECTRICAL 电力设备的协调 ...........................104 CO-ORDINATION WITH AUTHORITIES与主管部门的协调.......................................104 ELECTRICITY SUPPLY AUTHORITY 电力供应部门 ...................................................104 COMMUNICATIONS 通信部门的协调 ............................................................................104 EMERGENCY POWER GENERATION 紧急备用电源的生成 ......................................104 GENERAL 概述 ..................................................................................................................104 ENGINES 发动机 ...............................................................................................................106 GOVERNING 调节 ............................................................................................................106 OPERATION 操作 .............................................................................................................106 STARTING 启动 ................................................................................................................109 MAIN DISTRIBUTION 主配电........................................................................................110 GENERAL 概述 ..................................................................................................................110 HV SWITCHGEAR高压开关设备 .....................................................................................110 MAIN LOW VOLTAGE SWITCHROOM 主要的低电压配电室 .....................................110 GENERATOR ROOM 发电室 ...........................................................................................111 LOAD SHEDDING 自动卸载 ............................................................................................111 EQUIPMENT DERATING 设备额定值下降 .....................................................................111 VOLTAGE REGULATING EQUIPMENT 电压调节设备 ................................................111 SPARE CAPACITY AND SPARE CONDUITS 备用的电容量和备用的套管..................111 POWER FACTOR CORRECTING EQUIPMENT 功率因数校正设备..........................113 SCOPE 范围 .......................................................................................................................113 GENERAL LIGHT AND POWER INSTALLATION 普通照明和电力装置..................113 INSTALLING ACCESSORIES 安装附件..........................................................................113 ACOUSTIC INSTALLATIONS 隔音安装........................................................................114 SWITCHES 开关 ...............................................................................................................114 GENERAL PURPOSE OUTLETS - GENERAL LIGHT & POWER INSTALLATION 通 用插座、通用灯及电力装置 ............................................................................................................114 THREE-PHASE OUTLETS - GENERAL LIGHT & POWER INSTALLATION 三相插座- 通用灯和电力装置 ...........................................................................................................................115 CONDUITS AND CABLE SUPPORTS 导管和电缆支架 ................................................116 EMERGENCY & EXIT LIGHTING 紧急照明及出口照明 ...............................................117 SCOPE 范围 .......................................................................................................................117 STANDARDS 标准 ............................................................................................................118 SAMPLES 样品...................................................................................................................118 TESTING 测试 ...................................................................................................................118 INSPECTION AND MAINTENANCE 检查和维护 .........................................................118 OPERATING AND MAINTENANCE MANUAL 操作和维护手册.................................119 MAINTENANCE RECORDS 维护纪录 ............................................................................119 EMERGENCY EVACUATION LIGHTING 紧急撤退照明 ..............................................119 SINGLE-POINT SYSTEMS 单指向系统 ...........................................................................119 SYSTEM TYPE SCHEDULE 系统类型 ...........................................................................120 GENERAL INSTALLATION NOTES 普通安装注解 .....................................................120 GENERAL 概述 ..................................................................................................................120 INSTALLATION OF CABLING 电缆安装.......................................................................120 CONDUIT AND FITTINGS 管道和装置..........................................................................122 WIRING DUCTS 配线管...................................................................................................122 FINAL OUTLETS 末端电源 ..............................................................................................124 GENERAL PURPOSE POWER RETICULATION 通用电力网 ......................................125 FINAL TESTS, APPROVAL AND ADJUSTMENTS 最终检测、批准和调整 .................127 MAINTENANCE 维护.......................................................................................................128 CABLE TESTING 电缆测试 ..............................................................................................128 LOW VOLTAGE SWITCHBOARD TESTS 低压配电盘测试.......................................129 FIRE BARRIERS/FIRE SEALS 防火分隔..........................................................................129 GENERAL 概述 ................................................................................................................129 SUPPLIERS 供应商 ..........................................................................................................129 CABLE TRAY 电缆桥架 ...................................................................................................129 GENERAL 概述 ................................................................................................................129 CONSTRUCTION 构造 ..................................................................................................129 FIXING AND INSTALLATION 固定和安装..................................................................130 SWITCHBOARDS 配电盘 ...............................................................................................132 SCOPE 范围 .....................................................................................................................132 AUTHORITIES' APPROVALS 核准权 ...........................................................................132 APPROVED SUB-CONTRACTORS 经批准的分包人...................................................132 SHOP DRAWINGS 施工图.............................................................................................132 WORK-AS-EXECUTED DRAWINGS 工作执行图 .......................................................132 INSPECTION 检查 ..........................................................................................................132 OPERATIONAL MAINTENANCE 运行维护 ................................................................132 MANUALS 手册...............................................................................................................132 INSTALLATION 安装.....................................................................................................133 DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION 设计和建造............................................................133 SWITCHGEAR AND CONTROL GEAR 开关装置和操纵装置 ..................................133 ACCESSORIES, INSTRUMENTS, METERS 附件、工具、计量器 .............................135 POWER MEASUREMENT 功率测量............................................................................135 LIGHTING 照明................................................................................................................135 SCOPE 范 围 ...................................................................... ...............................................135 STANDARDS 标 准 ...................................................................... ....................................135 FLUORESCENT LUMINAIRES 荧光照 明 器 ..................................................................1 36 INCANDESCENT LUMINAIRES 白炽 灯.......................................................................1 36 HIGH INTENSITY DISCHARGE LUMINAIRES HID 高强度氙气 灯 .........................136 EXTERIOR LIGHTING 外部照 明 ...................................................................... .............137 APPROVALS 批 准 ...................................................................... .....................................137 SPECIFICATION ALLOWANCES指定余 量.................................................................13 7 EXCLUSIONS 排除在外的部 分........................................................................ ...............137 INTERIOR DESIGN 内部设 计...................................................................... .................137 LIGHTING SYSTEMS 照明系统 ...................................................................................137 DIMMING SYSTEMS 调光系统 .......................................................................................141 DIMMING EQUIPMENT 调光设备.................................................................................141 CONTROL REQUIREMENT 控制要求 ..........................................................................141 TYPICAL REQUIREMENTS 特殊要求 ...........................................................................143 GUEST BEDROOMS 客房、卧室 ...................................................................................143 GUEST BATHROOMS 客人盥洗室 ................................................................................143 TYPICAL GUEST CORRIDORS标准的客房走廊 ..........................................................143 TYPICAL ELEVATOR LOBBY 标准电梯大堂 ...............................................................144 SWITCH AND RECEPTACLE FINISHES 开关和插座式样..........................................144 TENNIS COURTS 网球场...............................................................................................144 VALET PARKING AREA 停车区 ....................................................................................144 EXERCISE ROOMS 健身房.............................................................................................144 BACKGROUND MUSIC AND AUDIO VISUAL SYSTEMS 背景音乐和视听系统 .....145 GENERAL 概述 ................................................................................................................145 AREAS INCLUDED 包括区域.........................................................................................145 SYSTEM PROVISIONS 系统规定 ...................................................................................145 LOUDSPEAKER PROVISION 扬声器供应 ....................................................................147 AMPLIFICATION AND DISTRIBUTION OF LOUDSPEAKER SIGNAL 声音信号放大 与分布 149 EQUALISATION 均衡化.................................................................................................149 SOURCE EQUIPMENT 信号源设备 ...............................................................................150 AUDIO-VIDEO DISTRIBUTION 视听设备分布 ............................................................150 CONTROL OF SYSTEMS 系统的控制 ...........................................................................150 MICROPHONES AND MIXERS 麦克风和混频器........................................................152 INTERCOM SYSTEMS TELECONFERENCING FACILITIES, ETC.内部通信系统电话 会议设备等 ......................................................................................................................................152 PROJECTION SCREENS AND SIGHTLINES 投影屏和视线 .....................................152 ACOUSTICAL CRITERIA 声学标准 ............................................................................153 CONDUIT TELEPHONE, TELEVISION AND POWER PROVISIONS 电缆电话、电 视及电力供应 ..................................................................................................................................153 DOCUMENTATION 文档编制.....................................................................................154 MICROPHONES AND MISCELLANEOUS EQUIPMENT 麦克风及各种各样的设备 155 FIRE TRIP INTERFACE消防强切 .................................................................................155 TELEVISION SYSTEM 电视系统 ....................................................................................155 GENERAL REQUIREMENTS 综合要求 .........................................................................155 OUTLINE SPECIFICATION插座规格说明 ....................................................................156 CCTV AND SECURITY SYSTEM 闭路电视与安全系统 ................................................157 GENERAL 概述 ................................................................................................................157 CLOSED CIRCUIT TELEVISION MONITORING (CCTV)闭路电视监控 ..................157 SECURITY SYSTEM 安全系统........................................................................................158 STRUCTURED CABLING SYSTEM综合布线系统........................................................160 GENERAL 概 述 ...................................................................... ..........................................160 COMPUTER ROOM 计算机 室 ........................................................................................160 SYSTEM CRITERIA 系统标准.........................................................................................160 CABLE TESTING & WARRANTY 电缆测试与保障 .....................................................164 ACCEPTANCE TEST 验收测试 .....................................................................................164 CABLE DISTRIBUTION - FIBRE OPTIC CABLE 电缆交接－光纤电缆 ......................165 LIGHTNING PROTECTION SYSTEM 避雷系统 ..........................................................166 GENERAL 概述 ................................................................................................................166 AUTOMATIC FIRE DETECTION AND ALARM SYSTEM 火灾自动监测与警报系统 166 SCOPE 范围 .....................................................................................................................166 STANDARDS 标准 ..........................................................................................................166 AUTHORITIES APPROVALS 机构批准 .....................................................................167 MONITORING STATION CONNECTION 监测站线路联接.......................................167 TESTING 测试 .................................................................................................................167 MAINTENANCE 维护.....................................................................................................167 EQUIPMENT 设备...........................................................................................................167 INSTALLATION 安装.....................................................................................................169 ZONE INDICATION CHART 区域指示图 ....................................................................169 MANUFACTURE 制造..................................................................................................169 BUILDING OCCUPANT WARNING SYSTEM 建筑物居住者预警系统 .....................169 SCOPE 范围 .....................................................................................................................169 SYSTEM DESCRIPTION 系统描述 ................................................................................170 MAINTENANCE 维护.....................................................................................................171 MANUALS 手册 ..............................................................................................................171 MANUFACTURE 制造....................................................................................................171 EMERGENCY WARNING AND INTERCOMMUNICATION SYSTEM 应急预警和双 向通讯系统 .......................................................................................................................................172 SCOPE 范围 .....................................................................................................................172 SYSTEM DESCRIPTION 系统描述 ................................................................................172 TESTING 测试 .................................................................................................................174 MAINTENANCE 维护.....................................................................................................175 MANUALS 手册 ..............................................................................................................175 MANUFACTURE 制造....................................................................................................175 HYDRAULIC SERVICES 水力设备 .................................................................................176 GENERAL REQUIREMENTS 总体要求 ..........................................................................177 SCOPE 范围 .......................................................................................................................177 SANITARY PLUMBING AND DRAINAGE 卫生器具和排水装置 ................................177 INTERCEPTORS 截流管 ...................................................................................................179 AUTHORITIES INFRA-STRUCTURE 主管部门的基础设施...........................................180 SEWAGE DISPOSAL SYSTEM 污水处理系统.................................................................181 SEWAGE PUMPOUT STATION 污水抽空站 .................................................................183 STORMWATER & SUB-SOIL DRAINAGE 雨水和下层土壤排水装置 .........................186 STORMWATER DRAINAGE 雨水排放 ...........................................................................186 SUB-SOIL DRAINAGE 下层土壤排水装置 .......................................................................186 STORMWATER PUMPOUT PIT 雨水抽空池 .................................................................187 AUTHORITIES INFRA-STRUCTURE 主管部门的基础设施...........................................190 COLD WATER SERVICES 冷水设施..............................................................................191 WATER SOURCES 水源 ..................................................................................................191 WATER QUALITY 水质 ...................................................................................................191 PIPEWORK MATERIALS 管路工程管材料 ......................................................................200 ADJUSTABLE PRESSURE REDUCTION STATION 可调减压装置 .............................201 PUMP SETS 泵设备 ...........................................................................................................202 CONNECTION TO AUTHORITY MAIN 连接到当地干管 ............................................204 WATER METER ASSEMBLIES 水表安装 ........................................................................204 HOSETAPS 水龙带龙头 ....................................................................................................204 POOL WATER SUPPLY 水池水供应 ...............................................................................204 HOT WATER SERVICES 热水设施 ................................................................................204 WATER SOURCES 水源 ..................................................................................................204 HOT WATER TEMPERATURE 热水温度 .......................................................................206 PIPEWORK MATERIALS 管道工程管材料 ......................................................................206 PIPEWORK EXPANSION 管道膨胀 ................................................................................206 THERMAL INSULATION 热绝缘 ....................................................................................206 ISOLATION VALVES 隔离阀 ...........................................................................................207 BACKFLOW PREVENTION DEVICES 防逆流装置 .......................................................207 THERMOSTATIC MIXING VALVES 恒温混合阀门 .......................................................207 PRESSURE RELIEF VALVES 泄压阀................................................................................208 BALANCING VALVES 均衡阀 .......................................................................................208 CIRCULATING PUMP SETS 循环泵设备......................................................................208 TEMPERATURE THERMOMETERS 温度计 .................................................................210 HOT WATER HEATERS 水加热器................................................................................211 STEAM SERVICES 蒸汽设备 ...........................................................................................211 STEAM BOILER PLANT 蒸汽锅炉设备 ...........................................................................211 GAS 燃气 ...........................................................................................................................214 GENERAL DESIGN & INSTALLATION REQUIREMENTS 设计和安装的一般性原则 215 GAS METER ASSEMBLIES 燃气表组件 ...........................................................................217 AUTHORITIES INFRA-STRUCTURE 市政部门的基础设施...........................................217 PIPEWORK MATERIALS 管路工程管材料 ......................................................................217 CORROSION PROTECTION 防腐措施 ..........................................................................218 ISOLATION VALVES 隔离阀 ...........................................................................................218 VENTILATION FOR GAS EQUIPMENT 燃气设备的通风 .............................................218 GAS SERVICE REGULATORS 燃气使用装置调节器.......................................................218 FLUEING 排烟 ...................................................................................................................218 CONNECTION TO AUTHORITY MAIN 连接到市政干管 ..........................................219 AUTOMATIC SAFETY SHUTDOWN 自动安全关闭 ..................................................219 FIRE HYDRANT & FIRE HOSE REEL SYSTEM 消防栓和消防水龙带卷盘系统 ..........220 PIPEWORK MATERIALS 管道材料 .................................................................................220 FIRE HYDRANT SERVICE ISOLATION VALVES 消防栓设施隔离阀 ..........................220 ISOLATION VALVES ON FIRE HOSE REEL SUPPLY 消防水龙带卷盘供应处的隔离阀 220 FIRE HOSE REELS 消防水龙带卷盘..................................................................................221 FIRE HYDRANT LANDING VALVES 消防栓起落阀 ......................................................221 STANDPIPE FIRE HYDRANTS 消防栓竖管 ...................................................................221 HOSE REEL BACKFLOW PREVENTION DEVICES 消防水龙带卷盘防逆流装置........221 FIRE HYDRANT BOOSTER VALVE ASSEMBLY 消防栓加力阀装置............................222 FIRE SPRINKLER BOOSTER VALVE ASSEMBLY 消防洒水喷头加力阀装置 ...............222 FIRE SAFETY CERTIFICATE 消防安全证书 .................................................................222 FIRE HYDRANT PUMP SET 消防栓水泵设备 ...............................................................222 FIRE HYDRANT PUMP SET (HIGHRISE DEVELOPMENTS - OVER 25M) 消防栓水泵 设备（高程设计－超过 25 米）.......................................................................................................224 FIRE HYDRANT SERVICE CONNECTION TO AUTHORITY MAIN 消防栓设施连接 到当局干管 ......................................................................................................................................227 FIRE SPRINKLER SERVICE CONNECTION TO AUTHORITY MAIN 消防洒水喷头设 施连接到当局干管 ...........................................................................................................................227 FIRE SPRINKLER WATER SUPPLY 消防洒水喷头用水供给........................................227 SWIMMING POOLS 游泳池............................................................................................227 MATERIALS & EQUIPMENT 材料和设备器材 ..............................................................229 ISOLATION VALVES 隔离阀 .........................................................................................229 VALVES 阀门 ...................................................................................................................229 VALVES BELOW GROUND 地下的阀门 ......................................................................230 SLUICE VALVES BELOW GROUND 地下闸阀 ...........................................................230 CHECK VALVES 止回阀 .................................................................................................230 AIR RELIEF VALVES 排气阀 ..........................................................................................230 STRAINERS 过滤器 .........................................................................................................230 BACKFLOW PREVENTION DEVICES 防逆流装置 .....................................................231 PRESSURE GAUGES 压力计 ..........................................................................................231 TUNDISHES 漏斗 .........................................................................................................231 RECESSED TUNDISHES 埋藏漏斗..............................................................................231 WATER AND FIRE STORAGE TANKS 水箱和消防储水箱 .......................................232 OIL AND WATER SEPARATOR 油水分离器 .............................................................234 MANHOLE AND PIT CONSTRUCTION 检修孔和龛构架 ........................................234 REFLUX VALVES 回流阀 ............................................................................................235 FLOOR WASTES 地面排污装置 ...................................................................................235 ADJUSTABLE PRESSURE REDUCTION STATION 可调减压站 .............................237 LOCATION OF PUMPS 泵的选址 ...............................................................................237 SPECIAL REQUIREMENTS 特别要求..........................................................................237 PIPEWORK IDENTIFICATION 管道标示...................................................................238 PIPEWORK MATERIALS SUMMARY 管道材料归总 .................................................238 SANITARYWARE AND TAPWARE 卫生用具和龙头器具...........................................242 CONNECTIONS TO EQUIPMENT 设备连接 ..............................................................242 GENERAL REQUIREMENTS 总体要求 .........................................................................242 TYPICAL GUESTROOMS 标准客房 ..............................................................................243 SPECIAL LUXURY SUITES 超豪华套房........................................................................244 EXECUTIVE SUITES 行政套间 ......................................................................................245 PUBLIC WASHROOMS AND SWIMMING POOL CHANGING ROOM 公共洗手间和 游泳池更衣室 ........................................................................................................................................ 245 STAFF AREAS 职工区.....................................................................................................246 GENERAL REQUIREMENTS 通用要求 Carlson Hotels Worldwide - Asia Pacific Design & Construction Standards Mechancial, Electrical, Hydraulic Services Effective: 1st January 2006 10 INTRODUCTION 绪论 The Calrson Hotels Worldwide - Asia Pacific Pty Ltd. (CHWAP) for Radisson Hotels Services Design Standards are issued to Designers, Owners and Consulting Engineers, to provide guidance with regard to system requirements throughout all Radisson hotels and set minimum quality, performance and material standards. The design Standards should be used in the development of design, tender and construction documentation covering the design, manufacture, supply, delivery, installation and commissioning and operational verification of the services systems. The Design Engineers attention is drawn to Calrson Hotels Worldwide - Asia Pacific Pty. Ltd. for Radisson Hotel Design Standards - Architectural, which also include many references to mechanical, plumbing and electrical items. 负责丽笙酒店服务设计标准的卡尔森全球酒店集团 - 亚太地区(CHWAP)将此标准分发给设计院、业 主、咨询工程师,目的是提供所有涉及丽笙酒店系统要求的指南，并制定最低质量标准、执行标准和 材料标准 。该设计标准应用于（图纸）设计、招投标以及包括施工设计、制造、供应、移交、服务系统的安 装、试运行和操作检验在内的施工标准中。 负责丽笙酒店设计标准的卡尔森全球酒店集团 - 亚太地区特别关注有关的工程设计人员—建筑师，对 有关机械系统、管道系统以及电力系统等参考资料也给与了很大的关注。 DEVIATIONS 偏差 It is acknowledged that in some instances, due to differences in local practices and local expertise in a particular country, some deviation from elements of the Design Standards may be appropriate. Any deviations proposed from these standards must be submitted, in writing, to CHWAP by the consultants or contractors, together with the detailed description of the proposed change, cost implications and reasons for the deviation. In all cases, submit product and equipment data and samples of alternate products proposed. Submission of a proposed deviation in no way implies that the deviation will be accepted. No deviations are to be incorporated in the design without the written approval of CHWAP. 众所周知，在某些情况下，由于不同国家当地的行业惯例以及技术上的差异，设计标准会出现部分 的偏差，这是允许的。 若出现任何设计标准偏差，应由咨询单位或承包商书面向卡尔森全球酒店集团 - 亚太地区报告这些偏 差的情况，附上有关偏差的明细说明、涉及的成本变动以及产生偏差的缘由。在所有情况下，应提 交替代产品的产品/设备的数据和样本。 建议偏差的提交并不意味着这些偏差一定会被接受。未经得 CHWAP 的书面同意，不得在设计中混 用这些设计偏差。 . CODE COMPLIANCE 法规遵循 The Schedule of Codes and Authorities ?? following sets out the minimum compliance levels for selected elements of the systems. The requirements of these Codes and Authorities must be All required minimum local codes and governing authorities must also be followed. Submit a statement of the codes and governing authorities to be utilised. The statement is to include, but not be limited to, all applicable standards for those items listed in the Schedule of Codes and Authorities attached in the appendix. Where requirements of any local code or authority differ from the requirements of the Design Standard, allow for the more stringent requirements. Any proposal to deviate from the Design Standard based on compliance with local Code or Authority requirements must be submitted as a deviation. Give all necessary notices, obtain all permits, perform all tests and pay all fees and other costs in connection with the work. File all necessary plans and obtain all necessary approvals from the statutory Authorities Carlson Hotels Worldwide - Asia Pacific Design & Construction Standards Mechancial, Electrical, Hydraulic Services Effective: 1st January 2006 11 having jurisdiction over the work. Notify the Superintendent should the procurement of such permits etc. threaten to delay the project in any way. 主管当局的法律法规条文规定了机电系统设备选型的最低要求,这些要求必须遵循.系统应遵循有关的 法律法规，这些法律法规包括…. 应遵循当地法律法规的最低要求。 遵守法律法规，包括但不限于法律法规及其附录列出的遵循事项所适用的标准。 若地方法律法规的要求与设计标准不同，按照最为严格的要求进行（设计）。在遵循地方法律法规 的基础上，产生与设计标准偏差的建议都应作为设计偏差进行汇报。 发出所有与工作相关的必要的通知，获取所有审批，执行所有测试，并支付所有费用和其他成本。 向监管本项工作的法定部门提交所有必要的规划资料，并获取必要的审批。若项目的审批可能延 缓，及时通知主管方。 DOCUMENTATION 文件 In the development of plans and specifications, it should be borne in mind that Contractors and construction personnel at the job may not be completely familiar with procedures, equipment and plan interpretation for the type of installation required in a modern hotel. Sufficient detail must be included in the plans and specifications to compensate for any possible lack of such familiarity on the part of job personnel. 图纸和规范的设计过程中，应时刻谨记，承包商以及施工人员未必能完全熟悉现代酒店的流程,设备 以及安装要求的图纸说明，现代酒店设计中都要求提供此类安装的设备和图纸说明。因此,图纸和规 范应涵盖详细资料，对有关工作人员可能的疏漏提出补偿。 DESIGNER DETAILS 设计明细 Provide the following details for each organisation providing any design input for the project including those associated by sub consultancy arrangements: 向各方提供以下详细资料，提供包括有关子供应商安排的项目设计资料： ℃ ℃ ℃ ℃ ℃ ℃ ℃ ℃ ℃ ℃ ℃ ℃ ℃ ℃ ℃ ℃ ℃ ℃ ℃ ℃ Name and address of firm and allied organisations. Brief history of the firm and location of offices. Evidence of engineering registration in country/state where project is to be constructed. Tables of organisation of permanent personnel, including titles, identification of discipline. Project team make up and resumes. Evidence of currency of Professional ??Liability insurance coverage and its value Experience record of completed similar projects with emphasis on practice local to the project. List of currently active projects. Normal work load per year. Sample copy of plans and specifications of a project of similar scope. Sample form of contract used. ??Type of contract envisaged for this project. Include outline of services to be provided in schematic, design, production and construction phases. Reference list of clients, contacts, including titles, addresses and phone numbers. Current financial information, including most recent annual report and references. 合作单位的公司名称和地址。 公司的简要历史资料和办公地点。 项目所在国/所在地的工程注册证明。 有关单位的常驻员工一览表，包括职称、证明和专业 项目团队构成和简历 专业保险范围和保险额的货币证明 完成类似项目的项目经验纪录 Carlson Hotels Worldwide - Asia Pacific Design & Construction Standards Mechancial, Electrical, Hydraulic Services Effective: 1st January 2006 12 ℃ ℃ ℃ ℃ ℃ 现有项目清单 每年承担的正常工作 类似范围的项目设计和规范样本资料。 客户和承包商的证明材料，包括名称、地址和电话 现有财务资料，包括最近的年度报告和证明材料。 INTERPRETATION 解释 Terms used in this Design Standard have the following meanings: 本设计标准应用的术语应当按照以下进行解释： 7"Approved" or "Approval" : 由..审批，审批 approved by or for the approval of the Superintendent. 由主管方审批，或获得主管方的审批 “Approved Equal” 审批认可的 “Client” 客户/委托方 “Consultant” 咨询方 “Contractor” 承包商 “Demolish” “Documents” 文件 “Drawings” 图纸 : : : : : : : an alternative to the brand specified may be considered, however in no way implies that the alternative will be accepted. Acceptance or rejection of alternatives is entirely at the discretion of the Consultant. 可考虑的替代类型，无审批认可则表示接受这些替代类型。替代类型的接收或 拒绝完全取决于咨询方的判断。 the owner or operator of the building on completion of the works. 项目的业主或运营方 Donnelley Simpson Cleary Consulting Engineers or another member of the design team for the project. Donnelley Simpson Cleary 咨询工程师或项目设计团队的其他成员。 the Contractor performing the works of this section. 负责分项工程施工的承包商 decommission, disconnect, make safe and remove from site referred and redundant existing equipment, without damage or impairment of any remaining systems or equipment. 从现场将多余的设备撤出、拆分、保证安全、转移，并保证这些设备不会受到 任何的损害/损伤。 the Specification and Drawings. 设计规范和图纸 Diagrammatic representations which visually define the scope of the work associated with this section. 从视觉上定义分项工程相关工作范围的图纸资料 "May" 可 : an option that will be available only at the discretion of the Superintendent unless stated otherwise. 除非另有规定，主管方认为应当采用的选择 "Provide" 提供 : to design, manufacture, supply, deliver, install, test, commission, warrant, guarantee, maintain, service, enter data for, and do all other things necessary to make the device, system, concept, method or requirement an integral part of the working installation. 使得服务、系统、概念、方法或要求成为工作的一个整体所需的事情，包括设 计、制造、供应、移交、安装、测试、试运营、担保、保证、维护、服务、数 据输入，以及其他任何必要的事项。 "Shall" : is imperative and means that the device, system, concept, method or requirement Carlson Hotels Worldwide - Asia Pacific Design & Construction Standards Mechancial, Electrical, Hydraulic Services Effective: 1st January 2006 13 应当 "Should" : 最好.. must be provided as specified. 命令性语气，表示服务、系统、概念、方法或要求必须按照规定提供。 is advisory and means that the referenced item is a preferred option. 咨询性语气，表示参考事项是首选方案 "Replace" 重置 "Reclaim" 回收 "Specified Elsewhere" 另有规定 “Specification” 规范 “Superintendent” 主管方 C a r l s o n H o t e l s W o r l d w i d e - A s i a P a c i f i c D e s i g n & C o n s t r u c tion Standards Mechancial, Electrical, Hydraulic Services Effective: 1st January 2006 : : : : : de- co m mi ssi on, dis co nn ect, ma ke saf e an d re mo ve fro m sit e exi sti ng eq uip me nt wit ho ut da ma ge or im pai rm ent of an y re ma ini ng systems or equipment. Then provide new equipment equivalent to the existing and fully compatible with remaining systems or services. 从现场将剩余的系统或设备撤出、拆分、保证安全、转移入安全仓库，并保证 这些设备不会受到任何的损害/损伤。并提供与这些系统或服务等同的新设备。 decommission, disconnect, make safe and remove to safe storage on site existing equipment without damage or impairment of any remaining systems or equipment. 从现场将剩余的系统或设备撤出、拆分、保证安全、转移入安全仓库，并保证 这些设备不会受到任何的损害/损伤。 the referred work is not intended to be undertaken in this section of the Contract however must be undertaken within the Contract. 合同规定必须完成此项工作，但在合同的该部分中不用完成。 this document in its entirety 完整详细的文件资料 the Client's representative managing the project. 管理项目的客户（委托方）代表 14 DESIGN REQUIREMENTS 设计要求 Carlson Hotels Worldwide - Asia Pacific Design & Construction Standards Mechancial, Electrical, Hydraulic Services Effective: 1st January 2006 15 SYSTEM SELECTION 系统选择 During the course of the design, in determining the most appropriate solution for the specific project, consider all options that will improve the systems long term ownership benefits such as operating costs, maintenance and in addition to minimise environmental impact, including : 设计过程中，若需确定特定项目的最佳方案，应考虑完善系统长期所有者权益，比如运营成本和维 护成本，并降低对环境的影响，包括以下几个方面： ℃ ℃ ℃ ℃ Energy efficient system operation with consideration of life cycle benefits. Report to the Superintendent for CHWAP review and consideration, systems demonstrating paybacks of less than 10 years Systems having an minimum economic service period of twenty (20) years. 节能系统的运营考虑系统的生命周期利润。向 CHWAP 有关主管人员汇报，获得审批，系统的 生命周期不少于十年。 系统的经济服务其间不少于二十年。 Demonstration, by way of reports for the various elements of these analyses may be requested. In these cases submit three copies of all reports to the Superintendent for CHWAP review and consideration. Such reports must include detailed calculations, life cycle analysis, system comparisons, input criteria and assumptions, technical considerations and drawings. 通过分析不同因素的报告所获得的证明是必需的。在这些情况下，应向 CHWAP 提交所有报告的三 份副本，以获得审批。此类报告应包括详细的计算、生命周期分析、系统比较、输入标准和假设、 技术描述和图纸。 DESIGN CONCEPT REPORT 设计概念报告 Submit a report (return brief) describing all services systems selected for use in the design on two occasions : 在以下两个阶段，提交一份描述所采用的服务系统的报告（简要报告）： At the end of the Schematic Design Phase ℃ ℃ ℃ At the end of the Design Development Phase 初步设计阶段的末期 设计发展阶段的末期 Include summary descriptions of the systems selected and criteria utilised. Where aspects of the design are not resolved, include descriptions of the alternatives under consideration. 报告包括所采用系统的简要描述和应用标准。若设计阶段尚未决定采用，报告还应包括可选用的替 代系统的描述。 SCHEMATIC DESIGN PHASE 初步设计阶段 Analyse the building and available utilities, system options etc and establish system concepts. Undertake the following : 分析现有建筑和可使用的设备、系统选择等，建立系统概念。包括以下部分： CODES 法规 Analyse all applicable codes with attention to interdisciplinary requirements and energy conservation requirements, as well as safety and health requirements. Identify all provisions affecting Architect’s scope of work. 分析所有使用的法规，特别关注不同专业的要求，以及节约能源要求、安全和健康要求。识 别所有可能影响到建筑师工作范围的有关部门。 System & Equipment Alternatives 系统和设备的替代 Analyse the economics and energy requirements of alternative systems, equipment and materials. For this purpose, perform the following : 分析替代系统、设备和材料的经济和能源要求。为达到本目的，须执行以下事项： Carlson Hotels Worldwide - Asia Pacific Design & Construction Standards Mechancial, Electrical, Hydraulic Services Effective: 1st January 2006 16 ℃ ℃ ℃ ℃ ℃ ℃ ℃ ℃ ℃ ℃ ℃ ℃ ℃ ℃ ℃ ℃ ℃ ℃ ℃ ℃ ℃ ℃ ℃ ℃ A total annual owning and operating cost study of alternative major mechanical systems, . refrigeration plant, (electrical driven compressors vs. absorption either steam operated or direct fired) heating plant, (high pressure vs. low pressure boilers), air handling systems and guestroom air conditioning systems (2-pipe with electric heat vs. 4-pipe fan coil). An energy cost analysis to determine the most economical energy source. An analysis of utility rates available for application to the project. ??A cost analysis of the local electrical utility services available to determine if primary or secondary service is best utilised. ??An analysis to determine the most cost effective distribution of voltages. ??A cost analysis comparing vertical vs. horizontal distribution of the various services. A cost analysis of the various options for water supply and drainage systems, materials and installation labour costs. An analysis of the cost effectiveness in terms of insurance for fire and smoke protection systems above the minimum requirements of agencies having jurisdiction over work at the project. An insulation study to determine the most cost effective thickness for the architectural envelope and mechanical systems. A fenestration analysis of glazing and shading characteristics for thermal heating and cooling load control and cost effectiveness. An analysis to determine the most cost effective locations for plant rooms. A cost analysis comparing high vs. low pressure steam distribution. 替代的主要机械系统的年度持有和运营成本。比如冷冻机组（电动压缩机 vs 蒸汽或直燃 吸收式制冷机组），加热装置（高压 vs 低压锅炉），新风处理系统，房间空调系统（两 管制+电加热 vs4 管制）。 能源成本分析，确定最经济的能源来源。 项目适合的设备利用率可行性分析 当地电力系统的成本分析，确定一级服务和二级服务哪一项最佳 分析确定最佳电压分配方案 对比不同服务的横向和众向分布的成本分析。 供水系统、排水系统、材料和安装劳力成本不同方案的成本分析。 按照监管本项目相关工作部门的最低要求，防火防烟系统保险的成本效用分析。 建筑隔热和机械系统的绝缘研究分析，确定最佳成本的保温绝缘厚度。 逆光,背光侧窗户在加热和制冷时的负载控制,窗户配列分析以及成本有效性分析。 设备房分布分析，确定最佳成本有效性的分布方案。 高压和低压蒸汽分布的成本比较分析。 Energy Conservation 节约能源 Consider for use and analyse the cost effectiveness of applicable energy conserving measures, such as : 考虑适合的节约能源的措施，并分析其成本效率，比如： ℃ ℃ ℃ ℃ ℃ Solar energy Thermal storage for chilled water with the means of either: ice or coil storage Reclaim condenser heat for centrifugal chillers and reciprocating chillers for preheating of domestic hot water or heating hot water Reclaim of hot water and waste heat of laundry washer/extractors waste water “Free-cooling” by using condenser water or outside air for cooling purposes in lieu of utilising refrigeration plant cooling Carlson Hotels Worldwide - Asia Pacific Design & Construction Standards Mechancial, Electrical, Hydraulic Services Effective: 1st January 2006 17 ℃ ℃ ℃ ℃ ℃ ℃ ℃ ℃ ℃ ℃ ℃ ℃ ℃ ℃ ℃ ℃ ℃ ℃ ℃ ℃ ℃ ℃ ℃ ℃ ℃ ℃ ℃ ℃ ℃ ℃ ℃ ℃ ℃ ℃ ℃ ℃ ℃ Preheating boiler feed water by using economiser in boiler breaching Enthalpy control of air systems Air-to-air heat recovery units, .: guestroom/laundry/kitchen exhaust air heat recovery Use of laundry domestic water supply to pre-cool ventilation air Selection of energy efficient motors Variable air volume systems for public spaces Demand reset of discharge air temperature in air handling units with multiple reheat zones Chiller optimisation (chilled water reset and condenser water reset) Power factor correction Demand limiting Variable speed drives on chillers, cooling towers, fans, pumps etc Use of cooling towers to produce chilled water via plate heat exchangers for cooling during cooler periods Co-generation, either partially or 100%, use reclaimed heat for heating purposes if required, domestic hot water, laundry hot water, pool heating etc ?? The use of the last rinse cycle water for first wash cycle ?? The use of effluent of the sewage treatment plant for irrigation The use of direct fired absorption chillers, producing both chilled water and hot water at the same time 太阳能 通过冰窖/蓄冷库 的冷冻水的热量贮存 回收离心式冷冻机和往复式冷冻机的冷凝水热量，用作生活热水的预热或直接加热热 水。 回收热水和洗衣机/排水泵的废水废热 在使用冷藏厂制冷的场所，运用冷凝水和外部空气进行制冷 在锅炉排烟口采用节能装置来将锅炉排烟废热对锅炉给水预热。 空气系统的热焓控制 空气－空气热交换式热回收组合机组，比如房间、洗衣房、厨房排风热回收 使用洗衣机内部水供应对流通空气进行预冷 选择高效率的电动机 公共空间的空气流量可调（Variable air volume systems） 拥有多个二次加热区域的空气新风处理机组出风口排气温度需求可调 冷却器优化（冷却水以及冷凝水可调） 功率因素修正 需求控制 冷却器、冷却塔、风机、水泵等变频马达驱动 在稍冷季节使用冷却塔生产冷冻水, 通过板交来制冷. 如果需要，可部分或全部进行能量再生，利用回收热能,加热日用热水、洗衣机热水、泳 池水等。 利用最后一次漂洗周期的水作为第一次粗洗水 利用污水处理厂的排水用于灌溉 采用直燃吸收式机组,同时产生冷冻水和热水. Grey Water Systems 灰水系统（中水系统） Carlson Hotels Worldwide - Asia Pacific Design & Construction Standards Mechancial, Electrical, Hydraulic Services Effective: 1st January 2006 18 Consider the use of a grey water system for the project. With the current world-wide concerns over increasing levels of water consumption and lack of adequate supplies, the use a grey water system can significantly reduce water usage. Grey water systems refer to dual water supply systems which permit the reuse of “grey” water from lavatories, bathtubs, showers, and other fixtures discharging dilute non-fecal wastes of fully treated sewage effluent, as a secondary non-potable water source. These systems accomplish significant levels of water conservation by utilising water resources in a more efficient manner. As an additional benefit, grey water systems also reduce sewage loads and ease the impact on sewage treatment facilities. Undertake a cost analysis of the viability and various options for implementation of a grey water system. The type “A” systems are characterized by dual water supplies (potable to lavatories and bathtub, non-potable to water closets), dual drainage lines, (grey water from bathtubs and lavatories and “black-waste” from water closets) and a facility which gives limited treatment to a portion of the waste flow. The type “B” system utilizes a single waste collection system with a dual water supply pipe network, which requires however, a substantially greater degree of waste water treatment to a larger volume of liquids. 建议本项目采用中水系统。目前全世界都密切关注提高水消费水平和水资源供应缺乏的问 题，中水系统的使用可以降低水资源的消耗。 中水系统是指双水供应系统，可对厕所、浴室、淋浴设备以及其他固定设备排放的无粪 （non-fecal）污水等中水进行重新利用，这些中水可经过充分处理排放，作为次级非饮用水 资源加以利用。 这些系统通过采用更为有效的水资源利用技术，实现了节约水资源的重大突破。作为额外的 收入，中水系统同时也降低了污水排放负担，并减轻了污水处理设备的负担。 对中水系统的可行性和不同的使用方案进行成本分析。 “Ａ”类系统表示具有两管供水（用于洗手间和浴室的可饮用水，用于厕所的非饮用水）、 双管排水（浴室和洗手间的中水以及厕所的黑废水（black-waste）），污水处理设备对污水 稍作处理后废物排走。 “B”类系统采用单一废水收集系统以及双水管供应网，但是需要具备大容量污水处理能力 的污水处理装置。 Co-Generation 废热回收 Based on current and projected local energy costs, undertake a cost analysis of the viability and various options for implementation of co-generation system covering effects of all services and building. 基于当前的和将来的当地能源成本，对涉及所有服务和建筑的废热回收系统不同的实施方案 进行成本分析 Costs 成本 Submit a preliminary cost estimate for each service. 提交每一项维修的初步成本估算 Concept Development 概念发展 Establish system concepts for all services systems. Develop preliminary spatial and services requirements for the initial development of the building and associated services. 为所有机电系统建立系统概念。为酒店和相关服务的初步发展规划初步空间和服务要求 DESIGN DEVELOPMENT PHASE 设计发展阶段 Develop and document the system concepts to establish the size, type and scope of the systems. Submit the following for review: 开发和定义系统概念，建立系统的尺寸、类型和范围。提交以下事项以待审核： Carlson Hotels Worldwide - Asia Pacific Design & Construction Standards Mechancial, Electrical, Hydraulic Services Effective: 1st January 2006 19 ℃ ℃ ℃ ℃ ℃ ℃ ℃ ℃ ℃ ℃ ℃ ℃ ℃ ℃ ℃ ℃ ℃ ℃ ℃ ℃ ℃ ℃ ℃ ℃ Plant room layouts showing equipment locations. Floor plans indicating single line air distribution ductwork and main piping distribution including shaft locations and air outlet layouts. Include major system diagrams, such as air, water, steam, electrcial distribution systems. Single line electric power distribution diagrams. Light and power riser diagrams Floor plans indicating electric panel location, exit lights and back of house lighting and receptacle layouts. Typical guestroom design indicating terminal air conditioning unit location, air outlet, thermostat, exhaust grill, primary air source, fixtures, piping and shaft layout, electric receptacles, switches, lighting and circuiting. Proposed lighting fixture types, based on use with ER (Elliptical Reflectors) bulbs, if possible. Brochures for all plumbing fixtures and trim. Brochures for all lighting and power fixtures and trim. Brochures for all diffusers and grilles. Outline specification of all equipment and materials. A revised cost estimate of the services work 设备房平面布置图，标明设备布局 标明送风支管和主干管道分布（包括管井位置和通风出口的位置）的楼层平面图。包括主要系统 图，比如空气系统、供排水系统、配电系统。 单线电力分配图表 灯具和电路布线图 标明配电板位置、紧急逃生灯具、后台区域照明和插座布置的平面图 客房设计，标明末端空调位置、送风出口、温度开关、排风口、新风口、固定设备、管道和管井 布置、电力插座、电闸、照明和电路布置 如果可行，基于采用 ER（椭圆发射体）灯泡，建议采用的照明灯具 所有管道设备的资料 所有照明、电器设备的资料 所有布风器,回风口的资料 所有设备和材料的概要规范说明书 上述服务工作的成本预算修正报告 CONTRACT DOCUMENTATION PHASE 合同文件阶段 Develop detailed drawings, plans and specifications showing all systems, distribution and proposed installation. Floor plans are to be drawn to a minimum scale of 1:100 and plant rooms and sections to a minimum scale of 1:50. Provide a revised cost estimate of the services. 设计详细图纸、规划和说明，标明所有系统、分布情况和安装方案。楼层图最低采用 1：100 的比例 绘制，设备房和截面图纸最低采用 1：50 的比例绘制。 提交上述服务的成本估算修订报告。 SEMINARS AND TRAINING 研讨和培训 Provide a written description of the method of operation of the various Systems, particularly the control systems, for the education of and for use by the Hotel Staff. Provide an educational seminar delivered by consultants and subcontractors for the Hotel Engineering Staff. Conduct the seminar at the hotel on substantial completion of the systems. Major subcontractors and suppliers shall attend to fully explain the method of operation and required maintenance of all aspects of the installation. The seminar shall be a minimum of eight (8) hours. Carlson Hotels Worldwide - Asia Pacific Design & Construction Standards Mechancial, Electrical, Hydraulic Services Effective: 1st January 2006 20 Six months after completion the consultants shall visit the property and prepare a report of the quality of operation and maintenance being carried out by the Engineering Staff. 提交各系统特别是控制系统的操作方法的书面说明，用于酒店员工的培训和使用。 为酒店工程部员工提供培训研讨会，该研讨会由咨询方和分包商负责主办。培训研讨会应在系统完 成后在酒店开展。主要分包商和供应商应出席研讨会，并详细解释装置各方面的操作和维护方法。 该研讨会最少需要八小时。 完工后六个月，咨询方应对酒店进行回访，编制工程部人员操作和维护质量的评估报告。 Carlson Hotels Worldwide - Asia Pacific Design & Construction Standards Mechancial, Electrical, Hydraulic Services Effective: 1st January 2006 21 MECHANICAL SERVICES 机械服务 Carlson Hotels Worldwide - Asia Pacific Design & Construction Standards Mechancial, Electrical, Hydraulic Services Effective: 1st January 2006 22 GENERAL REQUIREMENTS 通用要求 SCOPE 范围 The Mechanical Services section of the Services Design Standards is intended to provide guidance with regard to system requirements throughout all Radisson hotels, setting minimum quality, performance and material standards. It contains the requirements for the Mechanical Services installation comprising the design, manufacture, supply, delivery, installation and commissioning of new air conditioning, mechanical ventilation and miscellaneous systems. 服务设计标准的机械服务部分，提供了所有有关丽笙酒店系统要求的指南，设定最低质量、性能和 材料标准。该标准包括新空调，机械通风，各种辅助系统等在内的设计、制造、供应、移交、安 装、运行等机械服务部分的要求。 SYSTEM DESIGN 系统设计 DESIGN CRITERIA 设计标准 Design systems in accordance with the Design Criteria provided. To achieve reasonable operating costs and acceptable quality, the requirements/criteria nominated represent minimum or maximum values that should not be reduced or exceeded. More conservative values may be required in many instances to satisfy performance criteria particularly with regard to acoustic performance. Accordingly, these criteria are not to be utilised as the actual values. Consider the actual construction materials and methods used to determine fabric requirements. Review the design criteria and adjust or validate all such values except where these specify required internal temperatures and acoustic performance. Ensure that the system designed and installed achieves the actual conditions specified. All latest ASHRAE Standard for Ventilation required for minimum acceptable indoor air quality - ASHRAE 62-89 should be used. 设计系统应遵循所提供的设计标准。为了实现合理的运营成本和满意的质量要求，不能低于或超过 设计要求/标准所规定的最小和最大值。在很多情况下，为满足性能标准（特别是噪声效果），可能 需要采用更为保守的参数。 相应的，这些标准不应作为实际的使用值。 确定建筑物功能要求时，应考虑实际的施工材料和方法。审核设计标准，调整或验证所有此类数 值，除非这些数值规定所需的内部温度和声响效果有特殊要求。确保所设计和安装的系统满足规定 的实际情况。 应采用最新的通风 ASHRAE 标准规定的最低室内空气质量标准- ASHRAE 62-89 DESIGN TEMPERATURE & HUMIDITIES 设计温度和湿度 Design, select and configure air conditioning systems to provide cooling and heating capacities to satisfy the "Ambient Conditions" and "Internal Conditions" criteria nominated. 设计、选择和配置空调系统，用于提供冷却和加热性能，满足要求的“环境条件”和“内部条件” 标准。 Ambient Conditions 环境条件 Review ambient temperatures and humidities based on historical meteorological data available for the specific location covering at least the past ten years. Adjust the data to reflect more recent tendencies such as increased temperatures due to the effects of global warming. Determine design temperatures for: 在特定位置至少过去十年的历史气象数据的基础上，复核环境温度和湿度。对气象数据进行 修正，以反映最近的气象趋势，比如由于全球变暖影响的气温上升。为以下事项确定设计温 度： ℃ ℃ Summer, that are not to exceed the design temperatures on more than twelve days in any year Winter, that are not to be below the design temperatures on more than twelve days in any year Carlson Hotels Worldwide - Asia Pacific Design & Construction Standards Mechancial, Electrical, Hydraulic Services Effective: 1st January 2006 23 ℃ ℃ 每年的夏天不会超过设计温度二十天以上。 每年的冬天不会低于设计温度二十天以上。 Utilise the established Design Temperatures & Humidities as follows: 采用以下建立的设计温度和湿度： ℃ ℃ ℃ ℃ Load Calculation : For heat load calculations, utilise the Design Temperatures & Humidities determined. Equipment Capacity : Derating of equipment may be required in many instances to satisfy local installation conditions that may result in temperature build up in excess of the design ambient such as : 荷载计算：热荷载计算，采用确定的设计温度和湿度。 设备性能：很多情况下，可能要求降低设备定额值以满足当地安装条件，这可能导致温 度增加超过设计的环境标准，比如： − − − − Short circuiting due to equipment proximity to other equipment or structures Effects of heat build up of associated structure; metal deck roofs etc. 由于设备接近其他设备和建筑物产生的电路短路 相关建筑物传热的影响：比如金属屋顶等。 Consider all such effects and determine realistic ambient Design Temperatures & Humidities for the selection of equipment that accurately reflect the conditions that will be experienced in the proximity of the equipment. Notwithstanding this requirement, utilise the Design Temperatures & Humidities determined plus a minimum of 2°Cdb and 2°Cwb for the selection of all air cooled equipment. .; for an ambient dry bulb design of 35°C, select air cooled equipment for a minimum of 37°C. 考虑所有影响，设备的选型应参考现实环境设计温度和湿度，环境设计温度和湿度 要精确反映设备临近状态遇到的条件。尽管上述要求，采用确定的设计温度和湿度 加上至少 2°Cdb，2°Cwb 作为所有空气制冷设备的选择标准。比如：环境干球设计 温度为 35°C，至少采用 37°C 作为选择空气制冷设备的标准 ℃ ℃ Equipment Tolerance : Irrespective of the Design Temperatures & Humidities established for system capacities, provide all equipment capable of operating without failure and under full load conditions in all outdoor ambient conditions that occur. 设备总容量：不考虑系统设计温度和湿度，提供所有室外环境条件下所有设备 全负荷下的操作能力。 Internal Conditions 内部条件 AREA TREATMENT INTERNAL CONDITIONS INTERNAL CONDITIONS 区域 处理设备 内部条件 Summer 夏天 内部条件 Winter 冬天 Temperature 温度 (　C DB) Humidity 湿度 (% RH) Temperature 温度 (　C DB) Humidity 湿度 (% RH) Guest Rooms 客房 Air Cond 空调 22 　 2 　 Guest Room Corridors Temperate Climates 客 房 走廊 Tempering 调温装置 22 　 2 　　 温带气候 Carlson Hotels Worldwide - Asia Pacific Design & Construction Standards Mechancial, Electrical, Hydraulic Services Effective: 1st January 2006 24 Guest Room Corridors Tropical and Humid Climates 客房走廊 AC & Humidity control 空调&湿度控制 22 　 2 　　 热带和湿润气候 Foyer/Reception 大厅/招待室 Function Rooms 功能室 Air Cond 空调 Air Cond 空调 　 　 Meeting Rooms 会议室 Lift Motor Room 升降机机房 Equipment Rooms 设备室 Switch Room 电闸室 Security Room 保安室 Computer Room 计算机房 Air Cond 空调 22 　 2 26 　 2 22 　 2 22 　 2 22 　 2 22 　 2 　 　 　 　 　 50 　 5 　 　　 For temperate climates the Humidity is not specifically controlled however the inherent psychrometric characteristics of the cooling process will normally provide some dehumidification in summer. Humidity shall be controlled in tropical or humid climates. For temperate climates the area is provided with tempering cooling and heating only and is not designed to provide full comfort air conditioning. Provide full AC with humidity control in tropical or humid climates. 对于温带气候，湿度并没有特定控制；但是，在夏天制冷过程内在的湿度性质将正常提供湿气去除的功能。在热 带或湿润气候，应控制湿度。 对于温带气候，仅向上述区域提供调温制冷和加热服务，并未设计提供完全舒适的空调系统。在热带或湿润气候 下，提供完全的空调系统以及湿度控制系统。 DIVERSITY 差异性 Select central refrigeration, heating, pumping and pipework reticulation system capacities recognising the various diversities realised in a typical hotel, including thermal, usage and occupation diversity. Capacity diversities of up to 40% have been demonstrated to be realistic in some instances 选择中央制冷、加热、水泵和管网系统时，应考虑各个典型酒店的各种差异性，这些差异包括热力 系统、使用方法以及入住率的差异性。 在一些情况下，超过 40%的性能差异是正常的。 DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS 设计需考虑的事项 ?? Some hotels will require year round cooling; some may require only summer cooling, but no heating; many will need both summer cooling and winter heating. Provide heating and cooling as required to maintain the specified indoor design conditions throughout the year. 部分酒店可能需要常年制冷；部分酒店可能只需在夏天制冷，并不采用加热系统。大部分酒店需采 用夏天制冷系统和冬天加热系统。提供所需的加热系统和制冷系统，以满足一年中特定的室内设计 条件。 HUMID ENVIRONMENTS 湿度环境 Requirement 要求 Hotels in tropical climates require careful design to minimise the effects of high humidity such as: 热带气候的酒店需要进行详细设计，降低下列潮湿的影响，比如： Carlson Hotels Worldwide - Asia Pacific Design & Construction Standards Mechancial, Electrical, Hydraulic Services Effective: 1st January 2006 25 ℃ ℃ ℃ ℃ ℃ ℃ ℃ ℃ ℃ ℃ ℃ ℃ Mould and mildew on building surfaces Peeling of paint Weakened ceilings Corrosion of materials Insulating losses due to water absorption Odour problems 建筑表面的发霉 油漆剥皮 天花板脱落 材料的腐蚀 由于潮湿导致绝缘失效 臭气问题 There are overlaps between indoor air temperature and humidity ranges for human comfort and those for mildew growth. Generally, 24°C with 40% - 60% RH are recommended for human comfort in the summer. However, it is often difficult to keep humidity levels below 60% RH in the summer unless the air conditioning system is carefully designed. Mildew thrives when temperatures are high and relative humidity is 70% or higher. Mildew growth can be greatly retarded at below 62% RH. To minimise the effects of high humidity, design air conditioning systems to: 人体舒适和导致发霉产生的内部空气温度和湿度范围有一定的重叠。通常地，在夏天，最适 合人体居住的条件是 24°C 的温度，以及 40% - 60%的湿度。但是，除非空调系统经过详细设 计，否则夏天很难将湿度保持在低于６０％的水平。当温度过高并且相关的湿度不低于 70%，霉菌就会急速发展。在 62%以下的湿度条件下，霉菌的发展就会很缓慢。 为了降低高湿度的影响，空调系统设计应考虑以下事项： ℃ ℃ ℃ ℃ ℃ ℃ ℃ ℃ ℃ ℃ ℃ ℃ ℃ ℃ ℃ ℃ ℃ ℃ Dehumidify under all load conditions Operate reliably Tolerate variations in chilled water temperature Avoid installation of concealed chilled water piping Minimise occupant's opportunity to adjust temperature controls or limit range of adjustment Provide positive continuous dehumidification of outdoor ventilating air under all loading conditions to minimise increases in space humidity Provide a minimum of fifteen percent (15%) dehumidified make-up air to all fan-coils in guestrooms as well as all public areas Consider continued operation of guest room fan coil units during unoccupied periods with no cooling to continue the introduction of dehumidified make-up air. Allow condensed water to be quickly drained Provide a steep pitch for all fan-coil drain pans Maintain relative humidity below 65% 所有荷载条件的除湿能力 操作可靠性 冷冻水温度条件的容许差异 避免安装隐蔽的冷冻水管道 降低入住客户调整温度控制的机会，或限制调整范围 在所有荷载条件提供持续的室外通风除湿系统，降低空间湿度的增加 提供最低 15%已处理新风至客房和所有公共区域。 Carlson Hotels Worldwide - Asia Pacific Design & Construction Standards Mechancial, Electrical, Hydraulic Services Effective: 1st January 2006 26 ℃ ℃ ℃ ℃ 考虑客房未入住期间，风机盘卷机组的持续操作使用。这个时期，客房没有制冷，通过 送入干燥鲜风进行除湿。 允许压缩水能够迅速排出。 所有风机盘集水盘采用倾斜设计，便于及时排水。 维持湿度低于 65% Energy Conservation 节约能源 Where concurrent heating and cooling are required, consider some form of heat recovery - . reclamation of condenser heat or heat exchangers 需要同时进行加热和制冷时，考虑热回收问题—比如冷凝器热量或热交换器的热回收。 AIR CONDITIONING SYSTEM REQUIREMENTS 空调系统要求 Provide air conditioning systems to serve the building utilising central energy plant, generating chilled and heating water and reticulated to air handling systems throughout the building. With the exception of guest rooms, control all systems utilising a Building Management System. Control guest rooms utilising stand alone controls. 利用中央空调设备，提供适合建筑物的空调系统，在建筑物内产生冷却水和加热水的空调系统。 除 客房之外，利用楼宇自动化系统控制所有的系统设备。采用独立式控制节能系统控制客房。 CENTRAL REFRIGERATION 中央冷藏 General 概述 Provide chilled water utilising multiple packaged water-cooled chillers located in dedicated plant room enclosure, rejecting heat to cooling towers located externally. Where a water cooled solution is not viable due to difficulties such as:： ℃ ℃ suitably siting cooling towers poor water quality Then multiple packaged air-cooled chillers may be considered. The use of air-cooled chillers as an alternative to the preferred water-cooled solution is to be treated as a Deviation from the requirements of the Services Design Standards. 在室内采用水冷机组提供冷水来制冷，带走的热量经位于外部的冷却塔散发出去。由于以下 难题，水冷解决方案有些时候是不可行的： ℃ ℃ 合理选择冷却塔 较差的水质 然后可以考虑风冷制冷机组。将风冷冷机替代首选水冷解决方案的备用方案，与服务设计标 准的要求稍有偏差。 To address availability and low load performance, utilise: 若要获得合适的和低负荷性能，采用下述方法： ℃ ℃ ℃ ℃ ℃ A minimum of two chillers to satisfy 150% of the required cooling load and each including multiple capacity steps. For systems likely to operate for 1,000 or more annual cooling hours at a cooling load less than the minimum efficient capacity of the smallest chiller, provide an auxiliary chiller for use at low loads. Two pumps for the chillers evaporator circuit and two pumps for the chillers condenser circuit. Alternatively, three pumps configured to serve two chillers may be acceptable. Arrange systems such that upon failure of a duty system or equipment item, remaining systems or equipment items will start automatically. For large systems, consider decoupled primary and secondary pumping circuits to improve control and particularly to separate the guest room circuit. Carlson Hotels Worldwide - Asia Pacific Design & Construction Standards Mechancial, Electrical, Hydraulic Services Effective: 1st January 2006 27 ℃ ℃ ℃ ℃ ℃ 最少两个冷冻机组，满足所需制冷量 150%，且每个冷冻机容量可调。 在制冷负荷小于冷机最小的制冷容量时，此时机组效率最低，对于每年运转 1000 个或 1000 个小时以上的系统，建议安装辅助小冷机用于低负荷时段。 一台冷冻机，配备两个冷冻水循环泵，两个冷凝水循环泵。可以考虑配置三个泵服务两 个冷机。 在运转系统或设备项出现故障时，备用系统或设备项将自动启动。 对于大型系统，考虑降低一级和次级泵管系的冲击，以改善控制，特别是要隔开客房管 系。 CENTRAL HEATING 中央制热 Provide heating water utilising multiple packaged water heaters located in dedicated plant room enclosures. To address availability and low load performance, utilise: ℃ ℃ A minimum of two water heaters to satisfy 150% of the required heating load and each including modulating capacity. Two pumps for the water heater. Alternatively, three pumps configured to serve two water heaters may be acceptable. 提供热水利用装在房间适当位置的热交换器来制热。 若要获得适合和低负荷性能，则利用： ℃ ℃ 满足所需加热负荷 150%的最少两个热交，且每个热交的容量可调节。 一个热交使用两个泵。另外，可以接受配置用于两个热水器的三个泵。 PIPEWORK RETICULATION 管道网络 General 概述 Reticulate chilled and heating water throughout the building via dedicated chilled and heating water pumps through rigid metal pipework systems. Arrange pipework to be accessible wherever possible to assist with maintenance and insulation replacement. 专用的制冷和制热水泵以及金属管道系统形成了整个大楼的制冷制热网。 管道安装位置应预留检修空间。以便维护和保温隔热层的替换。 Humid Climates 湿润气候 Additional requirements in tropical climates: Locate chilled water piping in accessible locations to permit convenient, economical investigation and replacement of insulation. 热带气候的其他要求： 在合适的位置、经济，便于检查和隔热层更换的位置，安装冷却水管道。 GUEST ROOMS 客房 General 概述 Provide air conditioning to guest rooms utilising a dedicated package fan coil unit to serve each room, concealed above a ceiling. Include: ℃ cooling sourced from the central chilled water system Carlson Hotels Worldwide - Asia Pacific Design & Construction Standards Mechancial, Electrical, Hydraulic Services Effective: 1st January 2006 28 ℃ ℃ ℃ ℃ ℃ ℃ ℃ chilled water controlled to the fan coil unit utilising a two way motorised valve (non modulating). maximum water flow limiting utilising an automatic flow control valve heating via an electric element integrated with the fan coil unit In temperate or primarily heating climates consider heating via a hot water coil integrated with the fan coil unit. Carry out a life cycle cost analysis to prove the cost effectiveness of this option. Stand alone room controller in accordance with Section "CONTROL" rigid acoustically insulated discharge duct with flexible connection isolation from fan coil unit Air delivery via either : − − blades ceiling diffuser double deflection side blow register with directionally adjustable front and rear − slimline grille with 15 upward deflection fixed front blades and directionally adjustable rear blades. 利用隐藏于天花板上专用密封风机盘机组向每间客房提供空调。包括： ℃ ℃ ℃ ℃ ℃ ℃ ℃ ℃ ℃ ℃ ℃ ℃ 中央制冷系统的制冷源 利用两通马达阀（不可调节的）对风机盘机组进行冷冻水控制 利用自动水流控制阀门限制最大水流量 通过电子元件和风机盘机组的组合进行制热 在温带气候或初始加热的情况下，考虑通过热水盘管和风机盘机组的组合进行加热 执行该项选择的寿命周期成本分析，以证明其成本的有效性。 独立式单人房间温度控制有相应的分区控制器。 固定式隔音出风管与风机盘卷机用软接头连接 空调送风可通过： 天花板布风器。 可前后调整百页方向的通风口 前面倾斜 15 个的固定格栅，后面方向可调整格栅。 Humid Climates 湿润气候 Additional requirements in tropical climates: ℃ Comply with section 热带气候的其他要求 ℃ 按照节 的要求 GUEST ROOM CORRIDORS 客房走廊 General 概述 Provide air conditioning to guest room corridors utilising package fan coil units or a dedicated package air handling unit, concealed in plantrooms. Include: ℃ ℃ ℃ ℃ ℃ cooling sourced from the central chilled water system chilled water controlled to the fan coil unit utilising a two way motorised valve (non modulating). maximum water flow limiting utilising and automatic flow control valve heating sourced from the central heating water system or via and electric element integrated with the fan coil unit control in accordance with Section "CONTROL" 利用隐藏的专用风机盘机组或专用空气处理机组，向客房走廊提供空调。包括： Carlson Hotels Worldwide - Asia Pacific Design & Construction Standards Mechancial, Electrical, Hydraulic Services Effective: 1st January 2006 29 ℃ ℃ ℃ ℃ ℃ 中央制冷水系统的制冷源 利用两通马达阀（不可调节的）对风机盘机组进行冷冻水控制 利用自动水流控制阀门限制最大水流量 通过中央加热水系统或电子元件和风机盘机组的组合进行供热 按分区控制的相关要求控制相应区域。 Humid Climates 湿润气候 Additional requirements in tropical climates: ℃ ℃ ℃ Air condition and/or ventilate air in all enclosed corridors having direct access to guestrooms and in stairways and storage rooms adjacent to guestrooms. Incorporate humidity control utilising reheat with relative humidity set at 45% temperature at 24°C in summer. Enable humidity control whenever ???? Do not utilise ceiling plenums for corridor air distribution. 热带气候的其他要求 ℃ ℃ ℃ 所有走廊内的空调和/或通风设备能够直接进入客房、楼梯以及客房临近的储藏间。 夏天，在 45%的相对湿度和 24°C 温度的条件下，利用重加热系统进行湿度控制。在任 何时候保证合适的湿度控制。 不允许采用天花板内增压（ceiling plenums）进行走廊的空气分配 FOYER/RECEPTION 大厅/接待室 General 概述 Provide air conditioning to Foyer/Reception areas utilising a dedicated package air handling unit to serve the area, located in a plantroom. Include: ℃ zone control via : − multiple air handling units − multizone functionality of a single air handling unit utilising motorised face and bypass dampers (modulating) − − variable air volume terminals operating from a single zone air handling unit (modulating) zone control utilising cooling and reheat are not acceptable ℃ ℃ ℃ ℃ ℃ cooling sourced from the central chilled water system chilled water controlled to the fan coil unit utilising a two way motorised valve (modulating). maximum water flow limiting utilising and automatic flow control valve heating sourced from the central heating water system control in accordance with Section "CONTROL" 利用位于机房的专用空气处理机组，向大厅/接待室提供空调。包括： ℃ ℃ ℃ ℃ ℃ ℃℃ ℃ ℃ ℃ 分区控制通过： 多组空气处理机组 利用单组空气处理机，利用马达挡板（可调 节）向多区域送风 单一区域空调处理机，调节送风量 利用单独冷却和加热的区域控制是不允许 的 。 中 央 制 冷水系统的制冷源 利用两通马达阀门对风机盘机组进行冷冻水控制（可调节的） 利用自动水流控制阀门限制最大水流量 通过中央加热水系统进行加热 分区控制相应区域 Carlson Hotels Worldwide - Asia Pacific Design & Construction Standards Mechancial, Electrical, Hydraulic Services Effective: 1st January 2006 30 Humid Climates 湿润气候 Additional requirements in tropical climates: Incorporate systems with humidity control utilising reheat with relative humidity set at 45% temperature at 24°C in summer to provide local environmental control at the reception desk, concierge desk, group registration and any area where staff area working serve for systems. 热带气候的其他要求： 夏天，在 45%的相对湿度和 24°C 温度的条件下，利用重加热系统进行湿度控制，对接待 台、服务台、团体登记处以及其他员工活动的地方提供合适的环境控制。 SWIMMING POOL ROOMS 游泳室 Humid Climates 湿润气候 Additional requirements in tropical climates: Pool area HVAC units should be a dehumidifying reheat type with 24 hour exhaust fan operation. Pool air temperature control should be set to °C (2ºF) above pool water temperature and humidity control set at 50% RH. 热带气候的其他要求： 游泳池的空调机组应采用除湿重加热机组系列，并保证 24 小时风机排放的运行。泳池的空 气温度应控制在高于泳池水温度的 °C (2ºF)。湿度控制在 50% 的相对湿度。 OPEN PUBLIC SPACES 公共空间 In resort type hotels with open public spaces utilise ceiling sweep fans in lobbies, foyers, circulation spaces, food and beverage areas. 具有公共空间的酒店类型可利用大厅、休息室、连通室和饮食区域的天花板吊扇 DUCTWORK 管道系统 DESIGN CRITERIA 设计标准 Standards 标准 Design all ductwork systems in accordance with relevant ASHRAE and CIBSE guidelines. Manufacture and install all ductwork and fittings in accordance with relevant British (BS) and American (ANSI/ASME) standards or approved local equivalents. Use SMACNA recommendations as a guide for sizing of ductwork, minimum gauges, bracing and construction details. Submit proposed design standards to the principle for approval prior to commencement of design. 根据 ASHRAE 和 CIBSE 的相关规范进行所有管道系统的设计。 按照英国和美国(ANSI/ASME)的标准或当地相关的标准进行管道系统地制造、安装和铺设。管道系 统的尺寸选择、最低规格、支撑和施工细节参考 SMACNA 的建议。在设计开始进行之前，向有关部 门提交设计报告标准以获得审批 SIZING OF DUCTWORK 管道系统的尺寸 ℃ ℃ ℃ ℃ ℃ ℃ ℃ ℃ Size ductwork for the expected maximum load Use static regain method or equal pressure method for duct sizing. Limit velocity of the air, minimising noise and pressure drop. Take full advantage of diversities in loads. 根据预计最大载荷选取管道尺寸 运用静压法或等压法选取管道尺寸 考虑限定空气流速，降低噪音和压力下降 充分利用荷载差异的特性 System Design 系统设计 ℃ ℃ Minimise vibration transmission to structure and other items of plant Ensure that ductwork design pressures are not exceeded at the maximum fan pressure. Carlson Hotels Worldwide - Asia Pacific Design & Construction Standards Mechancial, Electrical, Hydraulic Services Effective: 1st January 2006 31 ℃ ℃ ℃ ℃ ℃ ℃ ℃ ℃ Install and hang ductwork to maintain service access to all equipment and other services. Connect all equipment including fans, dampers etc with flanges to allow for removal without cutting of duct. For large ducts near equipment and for high pressure ductwork, install extra bracing to reinforce the ductwork. 降低对厂房结构和其他项目的震动传输 保证管道系统设计压力不超过最大压力值 安装和吊挂管道系统，预留所有设备和其他服务设施的维修空间。 用法兰连接所有设备，包括风机、风门等，设备拆除时无需锯掉管道。 对于靠近设备的管道和高压力管道系统，另外安装支架加固管道系统 DUCT CONSTRUCTION 管道施工 ℃ ℃ ℃ ℃ ℃ ℃ ℃ ℃ Construct ducts of galvanized or zincalume steel sheet metal unless specifically noted otherwise in these standards. Special methods of sealing with approved materials must be employed for high pressure ductwork. Hangers for ducts up to 900 mm wide shall be galvanized iron straps fastened to angle bracing or standing seams. Hangers for ducts over 900 mm shall be angle iron or rods. Ductwork for kitchen exhaust shall be minimum galvanised steel or stainless steel, either welded or flanged and sealed. Provide access for duct cleaning at each bend, every 3m horizontally and every 6m vertically. Ducts from dishwashers, laundry flat work ironer, or other items producing large quantities of steam, shall be stainless steel for a distance of 7m from the appliance, soldered, welded or sealed with silicon. Provide condensate drainage to all ductwork. Install horizontal with fall toward the machine of 1:100. Install the exhaust fan as close as possible to the discharge end of the ductwork. 除非设计标准中另有规定，用镀锌或锌铝合金镀层铁板做风管。高压管道系统必须采用制定材料 的来达到密封目的。 宽度超过 900mm 的管道系统的吊架，应采用镀锌角铁或铁杆，固定管道的拐角或垂直接缝处。 厨房排烟管至少为 镀锌板或 的不锈钢，可采用焊接或法兰连接或密封。水平方向 平均 3m,竖直方向平均 6m，在每一拐弯处都提供风道清洁的入口。 洗碗机、洗衣机机械烫洗或其他产生大量蒸汽的设备，距离上述设备 7 米之内的管道采用不锈 钢，焊接或用硅胶密封。所有的管道系统都要配备冷凝排水装置，水平管道有 1：100 的倾斜 度。尽可能靠近管道系统的排放端安装抽风机。 Swimming Pool rooms 游泳池房间 ℃ ℃ ℃ ℃ ℃ ℃ Construct ductwork for supply air systems conveying 100% fresh air of marine grade aluminium. Construct ductwork conveying exhaust air or recirculated air of ANSI 316 grade stainless steel or welded unplasticised PVC. A plenum system is not to be used in the pool area 安装船用等级铝制管道系统，向泳池空间输送 100%的新鲜空气。 安装 ANSI 316 等级不锈钢或焊接塑料 PVC 管道系统，抽排废气或在循环空气。 在泳池区域不允许使用正压系统 Laundry dryer exhaust ductwork 洗衣机干衣机排放管道系统 ℃ ℃ stainless steel with water tight joints for sections where condensation can occur. The interior shall be smooth and free from any intrusion such as sheet metal screws. 在会出现冷凝情况的位置使用不锈钢的防水连接构件。内部光滑且无象金属螺丝等杂 物。 Fire Rated Ductwork.防火管道系统 Carlson Hotels Worldwide - Asia Pacific Design & Construction Standards Mechancial, Electrical, Hydraulic Services Effective: 1st January 2006 32 ℃ ℃ Minimum Rating : 2 hour FRP or as required to match the fire rating of the associated structure. Provide fire rated access panels in all ductwork, openable without tools. Provide certification of the chosen solutions compliance with all code requirements and certification that the installation of the solution is in accordance with the manufacturers requirements. 最低级别：两小时的 FRP 或满足相关结构的防火要求。在所有管道系统中，保证不用工 具便可打开防火挡板。提供证明，确保所选的方案遵循所有的规范要求，确保方案的施 工按照制造商的要求进行。 Flexible Ductwork. 弹性管道系统 ℃ ℃ ℃ ℃ ℃ ℃ ℃ ℃ Construct ducts from a coated spring steel wire helix fully encapsulated using a water based glue within a perforated polyester laminate. Where required externally insulate the duct with a minimum 25mm thick polyester fibre blanket, minimum R value of retained with an outer foil laminate vapour barrier. Do not exceed 6000mm maximum length of flexible duct. Extend the rigid duct as necessary to comply with this requirement. Provide metal duct sleeves where flexible ductwork passes through walls, plenums and the like 采用亲水性胶水作为凿孔聚酯薄片的粘合剂，运用带弹簧垫的有镀层螺丝进行管道安 装。 外部需要保温时，采用至少 25mm 的厚聚酯纤维涂层进行绝缘，最小采用 的 R 值，外部用金属铝箔隔离湿气。 弹性管道系统不能超过 6000mm 的最大长度。按照要求可适当延长固定的管道。 在弹性管道通过墙体、正压区等此类物体时，采用金属管道套管。 SUPPORTS 支撑物 General: Support ductwork directly from the building structure, independent of the ceiling, partition walls and any other services. Provide additional structure where necessary to span structure and distribute load. 概述℃起支持作用的管道系统直接地来自建筑结构，独立于天花板，分隔墙和任何其他的设备。 在 必要处提供额外的结构物以横越建筑物以及分担负荷。 Construct supports from galvanised steel or non-ferrous metals, with inert material sleeves to separate dissimilar metals. 镀锌钢或有色金属制成的构造支撑物具有惰性特性的套管，可以用于分离不同种类的金属。 Isolation: Isolate ductwork hangers or brackets to prevent vibration transmission and noise. 隔离℃隔离管道系统吊架或支架以防止振动传递和噪音。 Rigid Ducts: Provide supports which fix the ductwork in position with adequate allowance for expansion and contraction and prevent sagging and vibration. 刚性管℃钢性管的支撑应把把管道系统固定在具有足够的膨胀和收缩容限的适当位置上并且防止下 垂和振动。 Provide supports adjacent to flexible connections, angle connections, tee connections, bends, changes in directions and the like. 用于在活动连接，角度连接，T 形连接，弯管，方向变换处及类似结构附近提供支撑。 Circular Ducts: Where round ducts are exposed to general view, provide an internal half-round band 75mm wide and thick with a horizontal stiffening bar of same material. Locate bands at support points. Provide a support rod passing through the top of the band with lock nuts inside the duct and a nut on the top external surface of the duct. 圆截面导管℃在圆形导管暴露于外的地方，提供 75 毫米宽 毫米厚并且具有同种材料制成的横位 刚性梁的内部呈半圆形的扎带。 把带定位在支持点上。用螺栓连接位于导管里面的锁定螺丝帽和位 于导管外表面的顶端的一螺帽。 Oval Ducts: Where oval ducts are exposed to general view, provide internal oval bands 75mm wide and thick with stiffening bars of the same material between the flat sections. Locate bands at support points. Provide support rods passing through the top of the band and fastened into an internal nut welded Carlson Hotels Worldwide - Asia Pacific Design & Construction Standards Mechancial, Electrical, Hydraulic Services Effective: 1st January 2006 33 to the bottom band. Provide lock nuts inside the duct at the top and nuts on the top external surface of the duct. 椭圆形导管℃在椭圆形导管暴露于外的地方，椭圆形导管用于提供 75 毫米宽和 毫米厚并且具有 同种材料的位于扁平部分之间的刚性梁的内部呈椭圆形的带。 把带定位在支持点上。用于提供穿越 带顶端并且固定在焊接于底部带的内部螺帽上的载体棒。 用于提供位于顶端导管内部的锁定螺丝帽 和导管顶端外表面上的螺丝帽。 Flexible Ducts: Provide supports that adequately support the duct and prevent sagging. Provide support straps of a minimum 50mm width. 弹性导管:用于提供能够支撑导管并且防止下垂的支撑物。提供最小宽度为 50 毫米的支撑物带圈。 FITTINGS 配件 ℃ ℃ ℃ ℃ ℃ ℃ For low pressure ductwork use radiused bends with greater than 50% throat radius where space permits. 针对低压管道系统，在空间许可下使用具有高于 50%弯曲半径的辐射式的弯管。 Where necessary use double skin aerofoil turning vanes in square throat elbows. Use multiple splitters where radius bends and elbows are less than 50% throat radius. 在必要处，在正方形咽喉状弯管处使用双壳层结构翼型旋转风叶。在弯管和弯管半径小于 50%喉 部半径处使用多支管连接。 Construct all fittings for minimum pressure drop and noise generation at the selected air velocity. 构造所有的配件使得在选定的空气流速有最小的压力下降和噪音产生。 DAMPERS 气流挡板 Volume Control Damper - Flexible Duct Branches 容积调节挡板材-弹性管道支路 Provide connections to rigid duct and plenums for the connection of flexible ductwork using flanged bellmouth spigots with rotating blade type damper and expanded swaged lip to retain the flexible duct 提供与刚性导管和弹性管道系统的正压送风系统的连接，利用具有旋转叶片型挡板的法兰支 承套管和展开陷型口承以在柔性管道内。 Volume Control Dampers - Multi Blade Type 容积调节阀-多叶片式 Provide opposed-blade type balancing dampers on all branch ducts serving two or more diffusers or grilles, at all outdoor air, return air connections to air handling systems, to control relief air discharges and where required to properly balance the systems 在所有的供应两个或更多部风器或格栅的支管上，在所有的室外空气，回流空气与空气处理 系统的连接处，提供对置叶片式平衡调节器以控制空气排放，同时平衡风系统。 Provide multi-blade dampers with aluminium or galvanised steel frames, full length shafts to folded blades and dampers over 750mm in length, aluminium, zinc-coated steel or stainless steel blades with edge and tip seals. Not greater than 25 litres per second leakage per square metre at 1500 Pa pressure differential. 提供多叶气流调节器，具有用于折叠轮叶和长度超过 750 毫米的气流调节器的铝或镀锌钢框 架和标准长度轴，具有边缘和尖端密封的镀锌钢或不锈钢叶片。 在 1500 Pa 压力差下每平方 米每秒钟的泄漏量不大于 25 升。 Incorporate self oiling sintered bronze bearings for applications above 50°C and for motorised dampers. Other applications may use nylon bearings. 和免润滑烧结青铜轴承联合使用，用于 50°C 以上和马达调节挡板的场所。其他的用途可以 使用尼龙轴承。 Damper Operation 气流调节器操作 Carlson Hotels Worldwide - Asia Pacific Design & Construction Standards Mechancial, Electrical, Hydraulic Services Effective: 1st January 2006 34 Manual Operation: Provide damper adjustment utilising a propriety manufactured die cast lockable quadrant set in a position accessible for visual inspection, maintenance and adjustment. Label the OPEN and CLOSED positions clearly and permanently. 手动操作：提供利用适当制造的压铸件可锁定象限仪（该象限仪固定在可接触位置）进行调 节挡板开度，用于目测检查，维护和调节。清楚永久地标注打开(OPEN)和闭合(CLOSED)位 置。 Motor Operation: Mount motors in an accessible position. The mounting must be rigid enough to prevent flexing or distortion during operation. 电动操作：将电动机固定在合适位置上。固定件的刚性必须达到能够防止在操作期间的弯曲 或变形。 Non-Return Dampers 单向止回气流调节器 Generally in accordance with "VOLUME CONTROL DAMPERS - MULTI BLADE TYPE". 通常指“容积调节阀-多叶片式”。 Dampers must close against any reverse flow, offer minimum resistance to air flow and close by gravity. Provide damper blades which are silent in operation, free from flutter. 气流调节器在关闭时必须没有任何倒流，只产生最小程度的气流阻力并且由于重力作用而关 闭。提供在操作中无声，没有颤动的气流调节器轮叶。 Fire and Smoke Dampers 防火阀和烟气调节风门 Provide dampers to protect duct penetrations through fire rated building elements. Rated for a minimum 4 hour fire rating unless otherwise approved and as an effective barrier to smoke. Install within the thickness of the wall or floor slab to the approval of statutory authorities. Incorporate frangible bulb or fusible type thermally released links so that they can be easily replaced when the fire damper is installed. 通过防火等级建筑物件提供气流调节器以防止火灾的扩大。除另外批准之外，用于最少 4 小 时耐火等级，并且作为防烟的有效屏障。 根据法定当局的批准在墙壁或水泥板厚度内进行 安装。联合使用易碎灯泡或易熔型热的释放连接设备，这样在已经安装好防火阀时也可以容 易地更换它们。 Provide duct access panels to allow testing and resetting of all fire dampers. 提供导管检修窗，这样可以对所有的防火阀进行测试和复位。 All non visible fire damper locations are to be marked with a red self adhesive sign with the wording "Fire Damper". 所有的非直视可见防火阀位置都用上面写有“防火阀”的红色自粘符号进行标记。 Motorised Smoke Dampers 机动化烟气调节风门 Close damper air-tight by spring return motors controlled from the fire or smoke alarm system. Automatically return the damper to the open position with the motor on cancellation of the alarm. 通过由防火或烟气警报系统控制的弹力恢复电动机关闭防火挡板，使气流调节器不漏气。在 报警解除时，电动机会自动地把气流调节器返回开放状态。 GRILLES, REGISTERS, DIFFUSERS 格栅，可调格栅，布风器 Provide air grilles, registers, diffusers, louvres from a specialist supplier with certified performance data and published selection tables, stating guaranteed air flows, throws, velocities, pressure drops and noise levels 提供由具有已证实工作特性和已发布选择列表的专门供应商提供的格栅，可调格栅，布风器和百叶 窗，声明担保空气流量，摆度，速率，压耗和噪音等级。 Support grilles, registers, diffusers and louvres from ductwork, plenums or cushion head boxes. Support plenums and cushion head boxes from the structure or substantial ceiling system components without stressing or distorting adjacent surfaces. Carlson Hotels Worldwide - Asia Pacific Design & Construction Standards Mechancial, Electrical, Hydraulic Services Effective: 1st January 2006 35 支持来自管道系统，压力通风系统或缓冲网前箱的起支持作用的铁花格，寄存器，扩散器和百叶 窗。来自没有重压或扭曲邻接面的条件下，利用结构或本质上为天花板系统组成部分支撑压力通风 系统和缓冲网前箱。 Securely fix all items by means of concealed fastenings. Use gaskets between flanges and walls or ceiling faces to prevent leakage and marking of adjacent surfaces 利用隐藏紧固件把所有的零件安全地牢固。在法兰和墙壁或天花板面之间使用衬垫以防止泄漏量并 且减少邻接面的标记 Provide air volume control devices and air pattern adjustment devices for all diffusers and grilles in an accessible position for adjustment with all damper adjustments out of public view. 在可接触位置为所有的扩散器和铁花格提供风量控制设备和空气流型调节装置，以在所有的气流调 节器调节都在公众视野之外进行调节。 Grilles in swimming pool areas shall be aluminium. Manufacture grilles for other areas subject to condensation of corrosion resistant materials 游泳池区域的铁花格的制造材料应为铝。其他区域铁花格的制造材料应考虑耐腐蚀材料。 Provide high quality factory applied powder coating or anodised finishes in colours to be confirmed with the superintendent. Paint matt black all blades, supports, volume control or pattern adjustment devices and fittings visible through the face of the item. 提供彩色高质量工厂用粉末涂层或阳极化抛光应由负责人进行确认。把所有的轮叶，支撑物，容量 控制或流型调节装置和从零件工作面可见的配件都刷涂为无光泽的黑色。 SOUND LEVELS 声级 Sound levels due to air conditioning and ventilation equipment, pipes, ducts and air terminals shall not exceed the following criteria: 由于空气调节装置和通风设备，管道，导管和风道末端而产生的声音水平不应该超过下列标准： Guestrooms and Suites 客房和套房 Ballrooms 舞厅 Public Spaces 公用空间 Kitchen and Laundry 厨房和洗衣间 Conference Rooms 会议室 Executive Offices NC 30 with FCU on low speed NC 30 伴有低速 FCU NC 30 NC 30 NC 35 NC 35 NC 50 NC 50 NC 30 NC 30 NC 30 行政办公室 General Offices 一般办公室 Main Dining 主餐厅 Lobby Lounge 大堂吧 Staff Cafeteria 职员餐厅 Swimming Pool and Fitness Centre 游泳池和健身中心 Massage Rooms 按摩室 NC 35 NC 40 NC30 NC 30 NC 35 NC 35 NC 35 NC 35 NC 35 NC 40 NC 40 NC 40 NC30 For verification, noise levels shall be measured five feet from room air outlet at an angle of 45 degrees with sound level meter on flat scale ('C' scale) with octave band analyser. Noise levels shall be based on rooms with reverberation time of one second. Carlson Hotels Worldwide - Asia Pacific Design & Construction Standards Mechancial, Electrical, Hydraulic Services Effective: 1st January 2006 36 为准确测量，应该在距离房间空气出口五英尺，成 45 度角，利用声级计在具有倍频带分析器的单一 尺度（Ｃ标尺）上对噪音等级进行测量。噪音等级应该以一秒钟混响时间的房间为基准。 ACCESS 进出检修口 Access panels or doors of adequate size and approved design shall be provided in all ductwork and all air chambers where access is required for maintenance and cleaning. Ensure that no part of the panel or frame protrudes into the airstream. 在需要有入口以便进行维护和清洁的所有管道系统和所有的空气室中，应该在提供尺寸足够大并且 设计已经通过审定的检修窗或检修口。保证面板或框架的任何部份都没有伸入到气流中。 Incorporate rubber or soft neoprene gaskets mechanically fixed to either the panel or the frame to ensure an airtight seal when latched in the closed position. Where fire rating is required, use woven ceramic fibre material. 使用橡胶或软氯丁橡胶垫片来密封检修孔板或框架，以保证封闭空间时的气密性。 在要求防火等级 要求的地方，使用编织陶瓷纤维材料。 Insulate and construct the panels to have thermal insulation properties equal to those of the wall, ceiling panels, duct or plenum being accessed. 检修盖板的隔热性能和加工，采用具有等同于墙壁，顶棚镶板，导管或使用中的压力通风系统的热 力性能作材料。 Fix doors for personnel access with a minimum of two proprietary chromium plated, aluminium alloy clamping-type latches and handles which can be operated from both the inside and the outside of the door. Arrange doors so that internal pressure holds doors closed. 最少两个专用的镀铬铝合金夹持型门闩和把手固定用于人员进出的检修口，门闩和把手既可以从们 的内部也可以从门的外部进行操作。把门安排为内部压力可以使门保持关闭。 Fix small access panels with a minimum of two proprietary latches. 最少两个专用的插销固定小检修窗。 Combination access doors and return grills shall be provided for horizontal fan coil units in guestrooms. The grill is to be of the hinged face type, incorporating a filter, with welded steel or aluminium frame factory powder coated in an approved colour. 客房中风机盘管和检修盖板可合二为一。格栅应为铰链安装型，带过滤网，具有认可的颜色涂层的 焊接钢或铝框架。 Access doors shall be provided at all damper locations and duct controls. 应在所有的挡板位置和导管控制器处提供出入口。 Access panels in public areas shall be of the concealed frame type with Allen head lock and finished as follows: In walls finished with vinyl or fabric, the panel will finish flush with the face of the wall and the vinyl or fabric will be carried over the panel and finished with a knife cut around the door. In walls finished with wood panelling or similar, the access doors shall be recessed to receive the finish and the panelling will be carried over the door. 在公用区域的检修窗应该为隐藏框架型并且按照如下完成：在由乙烯基或布料装修的墙面中，检修 面板必须处理，与墙面的表面齐平，材料是乙烯基或布料等与墙面同种材料，并在检修孔周围用刀 切削整齐。在用木板或类似材料装修的墙壁中，检修板应该是凹陷在墙内的，并加以处理与墙面相 协调。 Access doors in public areas shall be minimised. Placement of items requiring access should be over back of house areas where they can be serviced out of guest view. Remote units over public areas should have catwalk access from a back of house area. 在公用区域的检修口应尽量小。需要进出维修的设备应该放置在后台区域，这样可以在客人视野之 外对他们进行维修。远离公用区域上方的设备应该有来后台区域的桥形通道。 Carlson Hotels Worldwide - Asia Pacific Design & Construction Standards Mechancial, Electrical, Hydraulic Services Effective: 1st January 2006 37 PIPEWORK 管道系统 DESIGN CRITERIA 设计标准 Standards 标准 Design all pipework systems in accordance with relevant ASHRAE and CIBSE guidelines. 根据相应的 ASHRAE（美国采暖, 制冷与空调工程师学会）和 CIBSE（英国注册建筑设备工程 师学会）的指导方针设计所有的管道系统 Manufacture and install all pipework in accordance with relevant British (BS) and American (ANSI/ASME) standards or approved local equivalents. Submit proposed design standards to the principle for approval prior to commencement of design. 根据相应的大不列颠（BS）和美国（美国国家标准协会／美国机械工程师学会）标准或当地 批准的对等标准生产和安装所有的管道系

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