新疆农业大学硕士学位论文新疆财政农业科技投入机制研究姓名：肖文锋申请学位级别：硕士专业：农业经济管理指导教师：陈彤2009-12
탂붮닆헾얩튵뿆벼춶죫믺훆퇐뺿 햪 튪 얩튵쫇맺쏱뺭볃뗄믹뒡ꆣ탂붮쫇얩쓁튵듳쪡ꎬ춬쪱폖쫇잷랢듯뗄짙쫽쏱ퟥ뗘쟸ꎬ얩튵뗄뗘캻폈웤훘튪ꆣ얩튵뗄뿉돖탸랢햹쫂맘탂붮뺭볃랢햹ꎬ쏱ퟥ췅뷡ꎬ짧믡컈뚨ꎬ맘쾵맺볒낲좫듳뻖ꆣ탂붮얩듥죋뿚뇈훘뷏듳ꎬ“죽얩”컊쳢룼캪춻돶ꎬ뮯뷢쓑뛈튲룼듳ꆣ뎤웚뗍캻엇뮲뗄얩쏱쫕죫폫랢햹훍뫳뗄얩듥뺭볃쒿잰틑돉캪탂붮뺭볃뗄“뛌냥”ꆣ얩튵뗄랢햹튻뾿뿆벼ꎬ뛾뾿헾닟ꎬ죽뾿춶죫ꆣ뎤웚틔살ꎬ탂붮얩튵뿆벼랢햹퇏훘훍뫳폚얩튵랢햹뗄탨튪ꎬ룹놾풭틲퓚폚얩튵뿆벼춶죫늻ퟣꆣ틲듋뛔탂붮닆헾얩튵뿆벼춶죫뷸탐퇐뺿ꎬ볈럻뫏얩튵랢햹뗄탨튪ꎬ튲럻뫏뺭볃짧믡랢햹뗄탨튪ꎬ뻟폐훘튪뗄틢틥ꆣ 놾퇐뺿훷튪퓋폃릫릲톡퓱샭싛ꆢ벼쫵뒴탂샭싛뗈릤뻟ꎬ닉폃샭싛퇐뺿뫍쪵횤럖컶쿠뷡뫏뗄랽램ꎬ퓚믘맋뫍ퟜ뷡탂붮닆헾얩튵뿆벼춶죫쳥훆뇤잨샺돌뗄믹뒡짏ꎬ럖컶쇋탂붮닆헾얩튵뿆벼춶죫쿖ힴ뫍춶죫훐듦퓚뗄컊쳢ꎬ샻폃믒즫맘솪럖컶랽램ꎬ듓뚯첬뗄뷇뛈뛔탂붮닆헾얩튵뿆벼춶죫폫얩튵뺭볃퓶뎤ꆢ얩쏱퓶쫕횮볤뗄맘쾵뷸탐쪱볤쿠맘럖컶ꆣ돵늽뗃돶틔쿂뷡싛ꎺ(1)탂붮닆헾뛔얩튵뿆벼춶죫뗄쳥훆늻쮳ꎬ듦퓚훆뛈좱쿝ꆢ탐헾벯좨쪽맜샭컊쳢뇈뷏춻돶ꆢ춶죫ퟜ솿늻ퟣꎬ퓶뎤늻컈뚨ꎬ폫얩쇖쓁폦튵ퟜ닺횵뗄릱쿗늻뛔돆ꆢ춶죫뷡릹늻뫏샭뗈컊쳢ꎻ(2)탂붮닆헾얩튵뿆벼춶죫쮮욽춬얩튵뺭볃퓶뎤ꆢ얩쏱쫕죫퓶볓횮볤돊쿖돶뷏잿뗄맘솪뛈ꎬ뇭쏷닆헾얩튵뿆벼춶죫뛔탂붮얩튵랢햹ꆢ얩쏱퓶쫕뗄듙뷸ퟷ폃뫜쏷쿔ꆣ헾뢮볓듳뛔얩튵뿆퇐뗄춶죫쓜릻췆뚯얩튵뿆벼뗄랢햹ꎬ뷸뛸듙뷸얩튵뺭볃퓶뎤ꎬ쳡룟얩쏱뗄쫕죫ꆣ퓚듋믹뒡짏ꎬ릹붨쇋탂붮닆헾얩튵뿆벼춶죫탂믺훆ꎬ벴컈뚨뗄뺭럑춶죫믺훆ꆢ뫏샭뗄뺺헹믺훆ꆢ룟킧뗄맜샭믺훆ꆢ퇏룱뗄볠뚽믺훆뗈ꎬ늢쳡돶쇋뷱뫳탂붮닆헾얩튵뿆벼춶죫뗄쿠맘헾닟붨틩ꎬ캪탂붮헾뢮훆뚨룼볓뫏샭뗄춶죫뻶닟틔벰럶돖얩튵뿆벼뗄헾닟쳡릩틀뻝ꆣ 맘볼듊ꎺ얩튵뿆벼ꎻ뷰춶죫ꎻ닆헾ꎻ믺훆ꎻ탂붮 I
The Study on the Financial Investment Mechanism of Xinjiang Agricultual Science and Technology Abstract Agriculture is the foundation of the national economy. Xinjiang is a large province in agriculture and animal husbandry, and what is more it is also a less-developed ethnic minority areas, the status of agriculture is particularly important. The sustainable development of agriculture has great effect on economic development, national unity, social stability and even the national security in Xinjiang. The rural population has a greater proportion in Xinjiang, "three dimensional rural issues" are more prominent, and also more difficult to resolve. The long-term low income of peasants and the lagging in rural economic development have become the "short-board” of Xinjiang economy. The development of agriculture depends on science and technology, the policy and investment. For a long time, the development of Xinjiang's agricultural science and technology seriously can not meet the needs of agricultural development, the fundamental reason is the inadequate investment in agricultural science and technology. Therefore, the study on the Xinjiang financial investment in agricultural science and technology , is not only in line with the needs of agricultural development, also in line with the needs of economic and social development, which is of great significance. Public Choice Theory and the theories like technological innovation, as well as Research Methods in Research and norms, a combination of empirical research are mainly applied in this study. Based on the review and summary of the change progress of investment system of Xinjiang financial agricultural science and technology, Xinjiang's financial status and investment in agricultural science and technology and the existing problems are analyzed. Using Gray Relational Analysis Method, from the dynamic point of view, the time correlation analysis was applied to the relationships between Xinjiang financial input in agricultural science and technology and agricultural economic growth and the increasing income for farmers. Preliminary conclusions are drawn as follows: (1) the system of Xinjiang financial input in agricultural science and technology is unfavorable, there exist problems such as the defects in the system, the Chief centralized management, the inadequate investment, an instable growth, the lack of symmetry with the contribution of forestry, animal husbandry and fisheries to GDP, the irrational structure and so on; (2)there is the strong correlation degree among Xinjiang financial investment in agricultural science and technology , economic growth and the income of the farmers, which indicates that the financial investment in agricultural science and technology plays a vital role in agricultural development in Xinjiang and in increasing farmers’ income. The increasing governmental investment in agricultural science research can promote the development of agricultural science and technology, thereby promoting economic growth in agriculture and improving farmers’ income. On this basis, the new mechanism of the Xinjiang financial Agricultural Science and Technology was constructed; in terms of the mechanism of a steady funding; of a rational competition; of an efficient management system and of a strict supervision. At last some related policies and suggestions are put forward for the future financial investment in Xinjiang agricultural science and technology to provide proofs for the government of Xinjiang to make more rational decision-making and support for agricultural science and technology. Key wordsꎺagricultural science and technology; financial investment; finance; mechanism; Xinjiang II
뛀?뒴?탔?짹?쏷?놾죋짹쏷쯹돊붻뗄싛컄쫇컒룶죋퓚떼쪦횸떼쿂뷸탐뗄퇐뺿릤ퟷ벰좡뗃뗄퇐뺿돉맻ꆣ뺡컒쯹횪ꎬ돽쇋컄훐쳘뇰볓틔뇪힢뫍훂킻뗄뗘랽췢ꎬ싛컄훐늻냼몬웤쯻죋틑뺭랢뇭믲킴맽뗄퇐뺿돉맻ꎬ튲늻냼몬캪믱뗃탂붮얩튵듳톧믲웤쯻뷌폽떥캻뗄톧캻믲횤쫩뛸쪹폃맽뗄닄쇏ꆣ폫컒튻춬릤ퟷ뗄춬횾뛔놾퇐뺿쯹ퟶ뗄죎뫎릱쿗뻹틑퓚싛컄훐ퟷ쇋쏷좷뗄쮵쏷늢뇭쪾쇋킻틢ꆣ 퇐뺿짺잩쏻ꎺ 쪱볤ꎺ 쓪 퓂 죕 ?맘폚톧캻싛컄쪹폃쫚좨뗄쮵쏷?놾죋췪좫쇋뷢탂붮얩튵듳톧폐맘놣쇴ꆢ쪹폃톧캻싛컄뗄맦뚨ꎬ벴ꎺ탂붮얩튵듳톧폐좨놣쇴늢쿲맺볒폐맘늿쏅믲믺릹쯍붻싛컄뗄뢴펡볾뫍뗧ퟓ컄떵ꎬ뿉틔닉폃펰펡ꆢ쯵펡믲즨쏨뗈뢴훆쫖뛎놣듦ꆢ믣뇠톧캻싛컄ꎬ퓊탭싛컄놻닩퓄뫍뷨퓄ꆣ놾죋쫚좨탂붮얩튵듳톧붫톧캻싛컄뗄좫늿믲늿럖쓚죝뇠죫폐맘쫽뻝뿢뷸탐볬쯷ꎬ뿉틔릫늼ꎨ냼삨뾯뗇ꎩ싛컄뗄좫늿믲늿럖쓚죝ꆣ (놣쏜뗄톧캻싛컄퓚뷢쏜뫳펦ퟱ쫘듋킭틩) 퇐뺿짺잩쏻ꎺ 쪱볤ꎺ 쓪 퓂 죕 떼쪦잩쏻ꎺ 쪱볤ꎺ 쓪 퓂 죕
탂붮얩튵듳톧쮶쪿톧캻싛컄 뗚1헂 ퟜ 싛 퇐뺿뗄놳뺰뫍틢틥 탂붮쫇좫맺췁뗘쏦믽ퟮ듳ꎬ짙쫽쏱ퟥퟮ벯훐뗄쪡쟸횮튻ꎬ떫좴쫇좫맺췁뗘샻폃싊ퟮ뗍뗄쪡쟸ꎬ튲쫇좫맺뿑횳싊ퟮ뗍뗄쪡쟸ꆣ얩쏱퓚탂붮ꎬ쓋훁퓚좫맺뚼쫇ퟮ듳뗄짧믡좺쳥ꆣ떫벴쪹쫇2003쓪ꎬ쫜쏞뮨볛룱듳럹짏헇뗄펰쿬ꎬ탂붮얩쏱쫕죫퓶럹뷏듳뗄쟩뿶쿂ꎬ탂붮얩쏱죋뻹뒿쫕죫죔뇈좫맺얩쏱죋뻹뒿쫕죫뗍516풪ꆣ뎤웚뗍캻엇뮲뗄얩쏱쫕죫폫랢햹훍뫳뗄얩듥뺭볃쒿잰틑돉캪탂붮뺭볃뗄“뛌냥”ꆣ ퟝ맛쫀뷧얩튵랢햹쪷ꎬ듓풶맅쪱듺뗄풭쪼얩튵떽뷱쳬뗄쿖듺얩튵ꎬ얩튵짺닺뗄쎿튻듎뷸늽뫍량풾뚼쫇뿆벼뷸늽췆뚯뗄뷡맻ꆣ뗋킡욽춬횾퓸쪮럖뺫뇙뗘횸돶ꎺ“얩튵뗄랢햹튻뾿헾닟ꎬ뛾뾿뿆톧ꆣ뿆톧벼쫵뗄ퟷ폃쫇컞쟮컞뺡뗄ꆣ”얩튵뿆벼믮뚯쫇뻟폐쳘뚨닺돶맘쾵뗄뺭볃믮뚯ꎬ얩튵뿆벼돉맻쫇얩튵뿆벼죋풱훇솦춶죫뫍뷰춶죫뗄닺컯ꆣ얩튵뿆벼돉맻뗄컼쓉뫍퓋폃튲탨튪튻뚨뷰살횧돖ꎬ퓚튻뚨돌뛈짏ꎬ얩튵뿆벼춶죫쮮욽뻍뻶뚨쇋얩튵뿆벼짺닺솦뗄쮮욽ꆣ뎤웚틔살ꎬ탂붮얩튵뿆벼랢햹퇏훘훍뫳폚얩튵랢햹뗄탨튪ꎬ룹놾풭틲퓚폚얩튵뿆벼춶죫늻ퟣꆣ헢늻떫펰쿬쇋얩튵뿆벼뛓컩폫ퟩ횯뗄컈뚨ꎬ춬쪱튲펰쿬쇋얩튵뿆벼돉맻뗄닺돶뫍벼쫵뗄췆맣펦폃ꆣ튪룄뇤탂붮얩튵쿖ힴꎬ뾪뇙탂붮얩튵랢햹뗄맣삫잰뺰ꎬ퓶볓얩쏱쫕죫ꎬ틀뾿뒫춳얩튵컞램쪵쿖ꎬ횻쓜춨맽쿖듺뮯짺닺쫖뛎룄퓬뒫춳얩튵, 춨맽뿆벼춶죫헾닟뫍뿆벼쳥훆룄룯ꎬ볓뿬얩튵뿆벼뒴탂ꎬ볓뿬얩튵뿆벼돉맻뮯펦폃ꎬ쳡룟뿆벼뛔얩튵퓶뎤뗄릱쿗싊ꆣ쒿잰탂붮헽뒦폚죧뫎펦뛔WTO쳴햽ꆢ뷢뻶“죽얩”컊쳢ꆢ좫쏦붨짨킡뾵짧믡뗄맘볼쪱웚ꎬ틲듋뛔탂붮닆헾얩튵뿆벼춶죫뷸탐퇐뺿볈럻뫏얩튵랢햹뗄탨튪ꎬ튲럻뫏뺭볃짧믡랢햹뗄탨튪ꎬ뻟폐훘튪뗄틢틥ꆣ 샭싛틢틥 얩튵뿆벼춶죫퇐뺿틑돉캪얩튵뺭볃퇐뺿뗄훘튪쓚죝ꆣ뿉틔풤볻ꎬ탂쪱웚얩튵뿆벼춶죫죔붫쫇튻룶죈뗣컊쳢ꎬ폫횮쿠펦뗄얩튵뿆벼춶죫샭싛튲펦쯦횮늻뛏뗘럡뢻뫍췪짆ꆣ쫗쿈ꎬ놾퇐뺿틔탂붮헢튻쳘쫢뗄잷랢듯뗄짙쫽쏱ퟥ뻛뻓쟸뗄헾훎ꆢ뺭볃ꆢ짧믡캪놳뺰ꎬ퇐뺿웤1
탂붮닆헾얩튵뿆벼춶죫믺훆퇐뺿 닆헾얩튵뿆벼춶죫컊쳢ꎬ붫돤쪵뫍럡뢻컒맺얩튵뿆벼춶죫뗄쿠맘샭싛ꆣ웤듎ꎬ릹붨쫊뫏탂붮뗄닆헾얩튵뿆벼춶죫믺훆ꎬ뿉틔캪헾뢮훆뚨쿂튻늽얩튵뿆벼춶죫헾닟ꎬ뗷헻얩튵뿆벼춶죫뗄랽쿲ꎬ좷뚨얩튵뿆벼춶죫훘뗣뗈쳡릩샭싛횧독ꆣ 쿖쪵틢틥 (1)퇐뺿탂붮닆헾얩튵뿆벼춶죫컊쳢ꎬ쫇탂붮쿖뷗뛎짧믡컈뚨뫍뺭볃랢햹뗄탨튪 얩튵쫇맺쏱뺭볃뗄믹뒡ꆣ뗋킡욽춬횾쪮럖훘쫓얩튵ꎬ뛠듎룦뷫쮵ꎺ“죧맻얩튵돶쇋컊쳢ꎬ뛠짙쓪뮺늻맽살ꎬ헻룶뺭볃뫍짧믡랢햹뗄좫뻖뻍튪쫜떽퇏훘펰쿬ꆣ쯹틔풽쫇뺭볃랢햹ꎬ풽쫇룄룯뾪랢ꎬ풽튪훘쫓얩튵ꎬ놣뮤얩튵ꎬ볓잿얩튵ꆣ” 탂붮쫇얩쓁튵듳쪡ꎬ춬쪱폖쫇잷랢듯뗄짙쫽쏱ퟥ뗘쟸ꎬ얩튵뗄뗘캻폈웤훘튪ꆣ얩튵뗄뿉돖탸랢햹쫂맘좫붮뺭볃랢햹ꎬ쏱ퟥ췅뷡ꎬ짧믡컈뚨ꎬ맘쾵맺볒낲좫듳뻖ꆣ뿆벼뷸늽쫇쟸폲뺭볃랢햹뗄훷튪풭뚯솦ꎬ뿆벼춶죫쫇뿆벼뷸늽뗄뇘튪쳵볾ꆣ뎤웚틔살ꎬ평폚탂붮닆솦놡죵ꎬ얩튵춶죫쎻폐뗃떽ퟣ릻훘쫓ꆣ쿠펦뗄ꎬ얩튵뿆벼춶죫튲뻍뗃늻떽펦폐뗄훘쫓ꎬ뿉폃폚얩튵뿆벼퇐랢뗄춶죫쪮럖폐쿞ꆣ틲듋ꎬ뛔탂붮뗄닆헾얩튵뿆벼춶죫컊쳢뷸탐퇐뺿ꎬ쳡돶룄뇤쒿잰탂붮닆헾얩튵뿆벼춶죫ힴ뿶뗄뛔닟붨틩ꎬ룟킧샻폃폐쿞뗄뷰ꎬ뛔폚탂붮뗄짧믡컈뚨ꆢ뺭볃랢햹뚼폐ퟅ럇뎣훘튪뗄틢틥ꆣ (2)퇐뺿탂붮닆헾얩튵뿆벼춶죫컊쳢ꎬ쫇뷢뻶탂붮“죽얩”컊쳢뗄탨튪 뷼쓪살ꎬ“죽얩”컊쳢튻횱쫇죈뗣컊쳢ꎬ웤훐얩쏱컊쳢ꎬ쳘뇰쫇얩쏱퓶쫕컊쳢폖쫇훘훐횮훘ꆣ훐퇫2004쓪1뫅컄볾잿뗷“얩쏱쫕죫뎤웚짏늻좥ꎬ늻뷶펰쿬얩쏱짺믮쮮욽쳡룟ꎬ뛸쟒펰쿬솸쪳닺솿뫍얩닺욷릩룸ꎻ늻뷶훆풼얩듥뺭볃랢햹ꎬ뛸쟒훆풼헻룶맺쏱뺭볃퓶뎤ꎻ늻뷶맘쾵얩듥짧믡뷸늽ꎬ뛸쟒맘쾵좫쏦붨짨킡뾵짧믡쒿뇪뗄쪵쿖ꎻ늻뷶쫇훘듳뗄뺭볃컊쳢ꎬ뛸쟒쫇훘듳뗄헾훎컊쳢ꆣ” 탂붮얩듥죋뿚뇈훘룟듯%ꎬ뇈좫맺룟돶%ꎬ“죽얩”컊쳢룼캪춻돶ꎬ뮯뷢쓑뛈튲룼듳ꆣ얩튵튪랢햹ꎬ얩쏱쫕죫튪쳡룟ꎬ짺믮튪룄짆ꎬ뇘탫쟐쪵볓듳뛔얩튵뗄춶죫솦뛈ꎬ췪짆얩튵뗄춶죫믺훆ꆣ틲듋퇐뺿탂붮닆헾얩튵뿆벼춶죫컊쳢뛔“죽얩”컊쳢뗄뷢뻶폐ퟅ믽벫뗄틢틥ꆣ (3)퇐뺿탂붮닆헾얩튵뿆벼춶죫컊쳢ꎬ쫇탂붮좫쏦실쪵뿆톧랢햹맛뗄탨튪 틔뫺뷵쳎춬횾캪쫗뗄탂튻뷬훐퇫쇬떼벯쳥퓚쪮쇹뷬죽훐좫믡짏쳡돶뗄뿆톧랢햹맛ꎬ 2
탂붮얩튵듳톧쮶쪿톧캻싛컄 쫇뗋킡욽샭싛퓚탂탎쫆쿂뗄랢햹ꆣ쒿잰탂붮헽뒦퓚뺭볃랢햹뗄훘튪햽싔믺폶쪱웚ꎬ튲쫇뿆톧벼쫵랢햹뗄훘튪햽싔믺폶쪱웚ꎬ룼쫇얩튵뿆벼랢햹뗄훘튪햽싔믺폶쪱웚ꆣ퓚2006쓪뗗뷡쫸뗄탂붮ퟔ훎쟸뿆톧벼쫵듳믡짏ꎬ췵샖좪쫩볇잿뗷ꎬ룷벶떳캯ꆢ헾뢮튪좫쏦실쪵뿆톧랢햹맛ꎬ냑뿆벼릤ퟷ냚짏훘튪틩쫂죕돌ꎬ뷸튻늽볓잿뛔뿆벼뷸늽뫍뒴탂릤ퟷ뗄쇬떼ꆣ룷벶헾뢮튪붨솢닆헾탔뿆벼춶죫컈뚨퓶뎤믺훆ꎬ훰늽쳡룟헾뢮닆헾탔뿆벼춶죫햼짺닺ퟜ횵뗄뇈훘ꎬ훰늽탎돉틔닆헾춶죫캪틽떼ꆢ웳튵춶죫캪훷쳥ꆢ짧믡춶죫캪늹돤ꎬ뛠풪뮯ꆢ뛠쟾뗀ꆢ룟킧싊뗄뿆벼춶죫쳥쾵ꆣ죧뫎힡믺폶ꎬ듙뷸얩튵뿆벼뗄랢햹ꎬ쳡룟얩튵ퟛ뫏짺닺쓜솦뫍얩닺욷맺볊뺺헹솦ꎬ볓듳얩튵뿆벼춶죫쫇맘볼ꆣ (4)퇐뺿탂붮닆헾얩튵뿆벼춶죫컊쳢ꎬ뿉틔캪헾뢮뗷헻ꆢ훆뚨폐맘얩튵뿆벼춶죫헾닟쳡릩뻶닟틀뻝 헾닟쫇뿆톧뗄쳥쿖ꎬ뿆벼쫇쪵쪩헾닟뗄틀췐ꎬ뿆벼튪랢믓ퟷ폃ꎬ샫늻뾪헾닟뗄횧독ꎬ죏쟥헢튻뗣쪮럖훘튪ꆣ닆헾얩튵뿆벼춶죫튻횱쫇탂붮얩튵뿆벼춶죫뗄훷튪살풴ꆣ죧뫎룼뫃뗘샻폃쿖폐뗄헾뢮닆솦ꎬ뗷헻얩튵뿆벼춶죫뗄뷡릹ꎬ쟐쪵폐킧뗘퓶볓닆헾뛔얩튵뿆벼뗄춶죫ꎬ룼듳뗘랢믓춶죫뷰킧틦ꎿ죧뫎샻폃닆헾쳥쾵듙뷸탂붮얩튵뿆벼뗄랢햹ꎬ듸뚯뫍맄샸웳튵뫍쮽죋뛔얩튵뿆벼뷸탐춶ꎬ폅뮯뿆벼풴엤훃ꎬ붨솢룟킧컈뚨뗄얩튵뿆벼춶죫믺훆ꎬ듙뷸얩튵퓶닺ꆢ얩쏱퓶쫕ꆢ얩듥랱죙ꎿ헢킩늻뷶쫇쿖뷗뛎얩튵랢햹웈쟐탨튪퇐뺿뗄훘튪뿎쳢ꎬ룼쫇놣돖탂붮얩튵돖탸킭뗷랢햹뗄훘튪헾닟ꆣ쏾쟥탂붮닆헾얩튵뿆벼춶죫뗄쿖ힴ벰춶죫훐듦퓚뗄컊쳢ꎬ럖컶움볛쿖폐뗄춶죫믺훆벰춶죫뛔탂붮뺭볃랢햹ꆢ얩쏱퓶쫕뗄펰쿬ꎬ릹붨탂쪱웚탂붮닆헾얩튵뿆벼춶죫뗄탂믺훆ꎬ퇐뺿죧뫎뗷헻뿆벼춶죫랽쿲ꎬ쳡룟얩튵뿆벼뺭럑뗄쪹폃킧싊ꎬퟮ듳쿞뛈뗘랢믓얩튵뿆벼춶죫뗄ퟷ폃뗈뫜폐뇘튪ꎬ뿉틔캪헾뢮훆뚨룼볓뫏샭뗄춶뻶닟틔벰럶돖얩튵뿆벼뗄헾닟쳡릩뻶닟틀뻝ꆣ 맺쓚췢퇐뺿ퟛ쫶 맺췢퇐뺿ퟛ쫶 (1)맘폚얩튵뿆벼춶죫뗄믘놨싊 맺췢톧헟훷튪듓솽룶랽쏦퇐뺿쇋얩튵뿆퇐믘놨싊ꎺ튻쫇뛔얩튵퇐뺿뫍췆맣벯뫏춶3
탂붮닆헾얩튵뿆벼춶죫믺훆퇐뺿 뗄믘놨싊뷸탐쇋퇐뺿ꆣGriliches[1], Evenson[2]뫍Huffman[3]뗈톧헟쿈뫳뛔쏀맺늻춬쪱웚헾뢮얩튵뿆벼춶죫뗄믘놨싊뷸탐퇐뺿ꎬ뺡맜뗃돶뗄뷡싛폐튻뚨뗄닮틬ꎬ떫ퟜ쳥짏뇈뷏뷓뷼ꎬ퓚40ꆫ60%횮볤ꆣ뛾쫇뛔얩튵쾵춳훐떥쿮퇐뺿뗄믘놨싊뷸탐쇋퇐뺿ꆣ1958쓪쿈뫳뛔퓓붻폱쏗벰듳뚹뗄퇐뺿춶죫킧싊뷸탐럖컶ꎬ뗃돶뗄쓪믘놨싊럖뇰쫇35ꆫ45%뫍20%[1]ꎻ룹뻝뛔퇇훞10뛠룶맺볒뗄120쿮폐맘얩튵뿆퇐춶믘놨싊퇐뺿뷡맻뗄믣ퟜꎬ뗃돶얩튵뿆퇐춶뗄믘놨싊듯67%(120쿮퇐뺿뷡맻뗄욽뻹쫽 [1])ꎻ뛔좫쫀뷧375쿮얩튵뿆퇐춶믘놨싊뗄퇐뺿뷡맻뗄뾼달ꎬ뗃돶얩튵뿆퇐춶뗄믘놨싊튲룟듯49%ꆣ쮵쏷얩튵뿆퇐춶폐뫜룟뗄믘놨싊쫇쫀뷧짏뻟폐릲춬탔뗄웕뇩쿖쿳ꎬ탨튪헾뢮볓잿뛔얩튵뿆벼뗄춶죫솦뛈[2]ꆣ (2)맘폚얩튵뿆벼춶죫늻ퟣ뗄풭틲 듓맺볊짏뾴ꎬ뛔얩튵뿆퇐춶죫늻ퟣꎬ튻냣쫇틲캪ꎺꋙ얩튵뿆퇐폫컞쫽웤쯻잱퓚뗄룼쫜횧돖뗄헾뢮볆뮮쿠뺺헹ꎻꋚ쯤좻얩튵뿆퇐뗄욽뻹쫕틦룟ꎬ떫럧쿕첫듳[4] ꆣ (3)맘폚얩튵뿆벼뗄쮽죋춶 뷼쓪살ꎬ퓚랢듯맺볒뫍랢햹훐맺볒릫릲늿쏅얩튵뿆퇐춶퓶쯙돊쿂붵쟷쫆뗄춬쪱ꎬ쮽죋늿쏅퓚얩튵뿆퇐춶훐뗄뗘캻풽살풽훘튪ꆣ ꋙ펰쿬쮽죋늿쏅얩튵뿆퇐춶쫕틦뗄샭싛럖컶 쮽죋늿쏅뿆퇐춶평얩튵뿆퇐볆뮮뗄잱퓚돉놾뫍뎤웚펦폃쿮쒿뗄쿠맘럧쿕뻶뚨ꆣ룹뻝탂맅뗤뺭볃샭싛ꎬ횻튪폐샻뿉춼ꎬ쮽죋릫쮾뻍믡닎폫ꎬ얩튵뿆퇐늿쏅튲늻샽췢ꆣ뿉뛀햼탔쫇뿆퇐춶잱퓚쫕틦뗄풼쫸틲쯘틔벰얩튵뿆퇐펯샻뗄뇘튪쳵볾ꎬ쫇펰쿬쮽죋늿쏅닎폫얩튵뿆퇐춶뗄쇭튻룶훘튪틲쯘ꆣ뒴탂뗄벼쫵쳘탔튲뿉쓜펰쿬뿆퇐믮뚯쫕틦뛀햼탔ꎬ뾪랢탂벼쫵뗄쇬쿈쪱볤튲펰쿬쮽죋뿆퇐춶ꆣ횪쪶닺좨놣뮤풽뫃뗄맺볒ꎬ쮽죋춶풽랢듯ꆣ횻폐퓚헾뢮춶믹뒡퇐뺿늢좡뗃돉맻뗄믹뒡짏ꎬ쮽죋춶닅뾪쪼뷸죫얩튵뿆퇐쇬폲ꎬ쮽죋퓶볓얩튵퇐랢믮뚯뗄춶죫쫇틔헾뢮캬돖엓듳뗄얩튵뿆퇐릫릲횧돶캪잰쳡뗄[5]ꆣ ꋚ쮽죋늿쏅춶얩튵뿆퇐뗄쇬폲욫뫃 쮽죋춶뻟폐튻뚨뗄욫쿲탔ꎬ뛔펦폃탔뗄퇐뺿룐탋좤ꎬ훷튪벯훐퓚뿆퇐쫕틦틗폚믱좡뗄쇬폲ꎬ죧믺킵벼쫵뫍뮯톧벼쫵ꎬ늢쟒죝틗쫜떽쫐뎡틲쯘ꆢ춶쫕틦ꆢ벼쫵뒴탂믺믡벰헾뢮헾닟뗄펰쿬[5]ꆣ퓚늻춬맺볒ꎬ쮽죋늿쏅얩튵뿆퇐뗄닠훘뗣늻춬ꆣ죕놾ꆢ쏀맺뫍램 4
탂붮얩튵듳톧쮶쪿톧캻싛컄 맺쮽죋늿쏅퓚쪳욷볓릤랽쏦뗄뿆퇐춶럖뇰햼OECD맺볒쮽죋늿쏅룃샠춶뗄33%ꆢ27%뫍10%ꎻ퓚얩튵뮯톧뿆퇐랽쏦ꎬ쏀맺ꆢ죕놾뫍뗂맺뗈쮽죋늿쏅뗄춶럖뇰햼OECD룷맺쮽죋늿쏅춶뗄41%ꆢ20%뫍10%[6]ꆣ쮽죋늿쏅춶얩튵뿆퇐뗄욫뫃튲쯦ퟅ쪱볤뫍뮷뺳뗄뇤뮯뛸틆ꆣ듓쏀맺1975ꎭ1995쓪볤뗄쟩뿶뾴ꎬ쮽죋늿쏅뗄퇐뺿좡쿲뻍랢짺쇋뇈뷏듳뗄뇤뮯ꆣ쮽죋늿쏅뿬쯙삩헅웤퓸뺭쫇평릫릲늿쏅춶뗄벼쫵쇬폲ꎬ죧퓚횲컯폽훖쇬폲ꎬ쏀맺쮽죋늿쏅춶ퟜ뛮벰쯹햼뗄럝뛮뎬맽쇋솪냮헾뢮폫훝헾뢮춶ퟜ뫍ꆣ퓚얩튵짺컯벼쫵펦폃쇬폲ꎬ쮽죋늿쏅튲웰ퟅ훷떼ퟷ폃[7]ꆣ ꋛ맺볊짏벤샸쮽죋늿쏅춶얩튵뿆퇐뗄훷튪릫릲헾닟 쮽죋퓚얩튵뿆벼짏뗄춶쫽솿벰쯹햼뗄럝뛮폐쏷쿔뗄퓶뎤ꆣ떽1993쓪OECD22맺뗄쮽죋얩튵뿆퇐뺭럑퓚얩튵뿆퇐ퟜ뺭럑훐뗄뇈훘틑뺭뷓뷼50%[4]ꆣ맺볊짏ꎬ횧돖얩튵뿆퇐뗄릫릲헾닟훷튪폐죧쿂벸훖ꎺa.볓잿횪쪶닺좨놣뮤ꆣ횪쪶닺좨(뇈죧샻뫍훸ퟷ좨)뿉쪹튻킩릫릲컯욷뮻캪쮽죋컯욷ꆣb.횱뷓룸릫릲뫍쮽죋퇐뺿믺릹쳡릩뷰ꆣ벴쪹퓚폐잿폐솦뗄횪쪶닺좨놣뮤듫쪩뗄맺볒ꎬ퓚탭뛠쇬폲쮽죋늿쏅늻뿉쓜쳡릩ퟣ릻뗄춶ꎬퟮ쏷쿔뗄샽ퟓ쫇릫릲늿쏅횱뷓춶믹뒡퇐뺿쇬폲ꆣ횮쯹틔쮽죋늿쏅늻뿉쓜캪얩튵믹뒡퇐뺿쳡릩탭뛠풴쫇틲캪웤뛌웚쓚늻뿉쓜닺짺짌튵샻틦ꆣc.릫릲늿쏅횱뷓춶늿럖펦폃퇐뺿쇬폲ꆣ뇈죧쮽죋늿쏅늻믡믽벫춶폚뮷뺳뫍ퟔ좻풴퇐뺿ꆢ쪳욷낲좫뫍펪퇸퇐뺿ꆢ릫릲헾닟컊쳢퇐뺿뗈[7]ꆣ ꋜ맘폚릫릲늿쏅폫쮽죋늿쏅뗄맘쾵 듳솿퇐뺿뇭쏷ꎬ릫릲얩튵R&D춶폫쮽죋얩튵R&D춶뻟폐뮥늹탔ꎬ샻뫍웤쯻탎쪽놣뮤횪쪶닺좨듫쪩뗄췪짆뫍쪵쪩ꎬ퓲룸샻틦뗄럖엤쳡릩쇋램싉릤뻟ꆣ뺡맜쮽죋늿쏅훷튪듓쫂뗄쫇“쳹뷼쫐뎡”뗄퇐뺿ꎬ떫뫜쿔좻쮽죋늿쏅퓚헢튻랽쏦죔캴췪좫좡듺릫릲늿쏅뗄ퟷ폃ꆣ듓헢룶뷇뛈살뾼싇ꎬ쮽죋춶뫍릫릲춶듦퓚뮥늹맘쾵ꆣ틲듋ꎬퟮ폐믮솦뗄쳥쾵쫇쮽죋뫍릫릲늿쏅횮볤뗄솪뫏폫킭ퟷ[8]ꆣ 맺쓚퇐뺿ퟛ쫶 평폚얩튵뿆퇐뻟폐뗤탍뗄릫릲컯욷쳘탔ꎬ쿞훆쇋쮽죋웳튵뛔얩튵뿆퇐뗄춶죈쟩ꎬ듓뛸탎돉뎤웚틔살닆헾춶튻횱쫇컒맺얩튵뿆퇐뺭럑뗄훷튪살풴ꎬ헾뢮헆컕얩튵뿆퇐풴럖엤좨뗄ힴ뿶ꆣ 5
탂붮닆헾얩튵뿆벼춶죫믺훆퇐뺿 (1)맘폚컒맺얩튵뿆벼춶죫훐헾뢮뗄ퟷ폃벰듦퓚뗄컊쳢 ꋙ헾뢮뗄ퟷ폃틔벰퓶볓헾뢮얩튵뿆벼춶죫뗄뇘튪탔 뿆벼뗄춶죫닺돶맽돌쫇튻룶룟춶죫ꆢ룟럧쿕ꆢ룟쫕틦늢듦맽돌ꎬ웤볤돉맻뗄퇐훆ꆢ뾪랢폫뮯뗈뮷뷚뚼탨튪듳솿뗄뷰ꆣ뿆벼춶죫ퟜ솿뗄룟뗍늻뷶랴펳쇋튻룶맺볒(믲뗘쟸)뗄뿆벼쪵솦ꎬ튲쳥쿖ퟅ헾뢮벰좫짧믡뛔뿆벼쫂튵뗄횧돖잿뛈[9]ꆣ퓚컒맺뿆벼뺭럑뗄릩룸뷡릹훐ꎬ닆헾탔뷰욽뻹ퟮ뗍풼햼뿆벼ퟜ춶죫뗄50%틔짏ꎬ헢늿럖뷰퓚횧돖컒맺뿆벼쫂튵랢햹랽쏦ꎬ뎤웚틔살튻횱웰ퟅ훘튪뗄ퟷ폃[10]ꆣ닆헾뿆벼춶죫퓚뿆벼뺭럑돯벯뛮훐뗄뇈훘튻랽쏦랴펳뗄쫇헾뢮뛔뿆벼뗄럶돖솦뛈ꎬ쇭튻랽쏦랴펳쇋춶죫뛔쿳ퟔ짭톰헒뷰뗄쓜솦[11]ꆣ 얩튵뿆벼춶죫ꎬ퓚튻뚨돌뛈짏살쮵ꎬ뛔폚얩튵뿆벼릤ퟷ쫇룜룋ꆢ쫇떼쿲ꆣ얩튵뿆벼춶죫뗄쳥훆뫍믺훆쫇럱뫏샭ꎬ퓚뫜듳돌뛈짏뻶뚨ퟅ얩튵뿆벼죋풱뗄믹놾릤ퟷ뮷뺳뫍ힴ뿶ꎬ뷸뛸뻶뚨ퟅ컒맺얩튵뿆벼ퟔ훷뒴탂뗄쓜솦붨짨뫍랢햹[12]ꆣ닆헾뛔얩튵뿆벼춶죫튻횱쫇컒맺얩튵뿆벼춶죫뗄훷튪살풴[13]ꆣ헾뢮횧돖뗄뺭볃뷢쫍쫇쮽죋춶얩튵퇐랢뗄벤샸늻ퟣꎬ릫릲컯욷뫍럾컱펦평릫릲늿쏅춶쳡릩[14]ꆣ얩튵뿆벼럾컱뗄뛔쿳쫇얩쏱ꎬ뒴퓬뗄킧틦퓚짧믡ꎬ샫뾪쇋헾뢮뗄춶죫ꎬ얩튵뿆벼튪랢햹웰살쫇늻뿉쓜뗄[15]ꆣ평폚뛠쫽얩튵뿆벼뻟폐릫릲닺욷믲헟럇뺺헹탔닺욷뗄쳘헷ꎬ뻶뚨쇋쫐뎡컞램듯떽얩튵뿆벼춶뗄ퟮ병뻹뫢뗣ꎬ벴쫐뎡쪧킧ꎬ틲듋ꎬ뺡맜얩튵뿆퇐춶폐벫룟뗄믘놨싊ꎬ평폚얩튵뿆벼뗄횪쪶닺좨놣뮤뷏쓑ꎬ헢뻍뫜쓑컼틽쮽죋폫웳튵닎폫떽뛠쫽얩튵뿆퇐춶뗄믮뚯훐살ꎬ듓뛸뻶뚨쇋헾뢮뇘탫돐떣웤춶뗄훷튪죎컱[16]ꆣ얩튵뿆벼뒴탂쇬폲듦퓚ퟅ쫐뎡쪧쇩ꎬ헾뢮뇘탫뢺떣웰얩튵뿆벼랢햹뗄퓰죎ꎬ돤떱훆뛈릩룸헟ꆢ뮷뺳펪퓬헟뫍훷튪춶헟뗄뷇즫[17]ꆣ쒿잰컒맺얩튵짺닺맦쒣웕뇩욫킡ꎬ얩쏱뛔닉폃탂벼쫵뛸퓶볓컯훊춶죫뗄쓜솦폐쿞ꎬ쫜뒫춳쾰맟뫍뻥엂럧쿕뗄ퟨ낭ꎬ뛔닉폃탂벼쫵뗄믽벫탔풶쎻폐랢듯맺볒뗄얩쏱룟ꆣ틲듋ꎬ튻냣뷰죚믺릹ꆢ웳튵믲룶죋쓑틔돉캪얩튵뿆퇐춶뗄훷쳥ꎬ헾뢮닆헾춶죫뇘탫햼뻝훷쳥뗘캻[18]ꆣ헾뢮닆헾춶죫퓚쿖뷗뛎ꎬ늢퓚뷱뫳뷏뎤튻룶쪱웚샯ꎬ죔붫쫇컒맺뿆벼쇬폲훷튪뗄컈뚨뗄춶죫ꆣ쳘뇰쫇퓚뫪맛랽쿲뗄뿘훆벰캢맛쿮쒿뗄뗷헻뗈랽쏦ꎬ헾뢮뗄닆헾탔춶죫룼쫇웰ퟅ맘볼탔뗄ퟷ폃[10]ꆣ훐맺헾뢮뗄닆헾횧얩뿆퇐춶죫뛔솸쪳ퟜ닺솿퓶뎤싊폐훘튪펰쿬ꆣ퓚웤쯻춶죫쿠뛔늻뇤쟩뿶쿂ꎬ맺볒닆헾뛔얩튵뿆퇐춶죫럑폃뗄퓶뎤싊쎿퓶볓1ꎥꎬ솸쪳ퟜ닺 6
탂붮얩튵듳톧쮶쪿톧캻싛컄 솿뗄퓶뎤싊캪%ꆣ쿖뷗뛎죴퓶볓맺볒닆헾뛔얩튵뿆퇐뗄뺭럑춶죫ꎬ웤뒴짺뗄얩튵벼쫵뷸늽뇘붫뷸튻늽쳡짽컒맺솸쪳ퟛ뫏짺닺쓜솦ꎬ솸쪳낲좫컊쳢튲붫평듋믱뗃잿뛸폐솦뗄놣헏[19]ꆣퟜ횮ꎬ맺볒뛔얩튵뿆벼뷸탐릫릲춶뻟폐웤샭싛뫍쿖쪵볛횵[20]ꆣ 벼쫵뷸늽풴폚튻맺뗄뗄뿆벼춶죫ꎬ볓듳뿆벼춶죫뗄솦뛈붫폐킧뗘쳡룟튻룶맺볒벼쫵뷸늽뗄쮮욽[21]ꆣ닆헾퓚퓶볓뛔뿆벼춶죫뗄맽돌훐ꎬ춨맽뛔춶죫뗄랽쿲ꆢ쫽솿ꆢ랽쪽뗄톡퓱ꎬ뿉틔폐킧뗘틽떼닺튵뷡릹뗄뗷헻ꎬ뷸탐닺뗄폅뮯ퟩ뫏ꆣ퓚쪵쿖닆헾펦폐횰쓜뗄춬쪱ꎬ튲퓶잿쇋닆헾뗄뫪맛뗷뿘쓜솦[22]ꆣ헾뢮ퟷ캪훷튪춶헟ꎬ뇘탫늻뛏퓶볓얩튵뿆벼뺭럑뗄춶죫ꎬ춬쪱믽벫랢믓틽떼ퟷ폃ꎬ붨솢틔헾뢮캪훷쳥ꎬ틔쏱볤놾캪늹돤뗄뛠쟾뗀춶죫믺훆[17]ꆣ놣돖헾뢮뷏룟뗄뛔얩튵뿆벼춶죫뗄잿뛈ꎬ늻뷶평얩튵뿆벼뒴탂뗄릫릲닺욷쫴탔뻶뚨ꎬ뛸쟒놣돖헾뢮뗄룟릫릲춶잿뛈ꎬ뮹쫇컼틽뫍틽떼쮽죋춶뗄잰쳡쳵볾[23]ꆣ퓚컒맺튪쿫듌벤뫍컼틽쮽죋늿쏅닎폫얩튵뿆벼믮뚯ꎬ퓶볓릫릲얩튵R&D횧돶뻟폐훘튪뗄믽벫펰쿬ꆣ죧맻릫릲얩튵R&D횧돶놣돖뷏룟뗄퓶뎤쯙뛈ꎬ믡컼틽룼뛠뗄쮽죋얩튵R&D춶ꎻ죧맻릫릲얩튵R&D횧돶복짙ꎬ쮽죋얩튵R&D춶튲믡복짙[24]ꆣ튪캬돖뫍쳡룟컒맺죋뻹솸쪳뗄햼폐솿ꎬퟮ훘튪뗄춾뺶횮튻뻍쫇튪퓶볓얩튵탂벼쫵뗄춶죫[25]ꆣ폐맘얩튵뿆벼뷸늽릱쿗싊뗄풤닢튲뷸튻늽횤쏷ꎬ퓶볓닆헾뛔얩튵뿆퇐뗄춶뇈떥뒿퓶볓얩튵컯훊춶죫붫믱뗃룼룟닺돶[26]ꆣ쯦ퟅ컯훊춶죫뇟볊킧틦훰늽뗝복ꎬ얩튵뿆벼뷸늽풽살풽돉캪듙뷸얩튵랢햹뗄맘볼틲쯘뗄탎쫆쿂ꎬ볓듳얩튵뿆퇐춶죫늻뷶쫇놣헏얩튵돖탸ꆢ컈뚨랢햹뗄탨튪ꎬ튲쫇폅뮯헾뢮풴엤훃ꎬ쳡룟풴샻폃킧싊뗄탨튪[27]ꆣ 볓듳뛔얩튵뿆퇐ꆢ벼쫵췆맣뗄춶죫쓜릻듙뷸얩튵벼쫵뒴탂ꎬ뷸뛸쳡룟얩쏱뗄쫕죫[28]ꆣ볓듳얩튵뿆벼춶죫뿉틔퓶잿얩튵ퟔ짭믽샛쓜솦ꎬ듙뷸뒫춳얩튵쿲쿖듺얩튵탍ꎬ폐샻폚듙뷸얩튵닺튵뷡릹뗷헻ꎬ틲듋튪틔쫐뎡ꆢ풴ꆢ헾닟캪떼쿲ꎬ볓듳얩튵뿆벼춶죫[29]ꆣ붨틩맺볒틔솢램뗄탎쪽쏷좷얩튵뿆퇐춶죫뗄뇈샽ꎬ좷놣얩튵뿆퇐춶죫뗄돖탸컈뚨퓶뎤[30]ꆣ ꋚ컒맺얩튵뿆벼춶죫훐듦퓚뗄컊쳢 펰쿬닆헾뿆벼춶죫맦쒣뗄틲쯘쯤좻폐뫜뛠ꎬ떫맺볒릤튵뮯랢햹뷗뛎퓲쫇웤훐뗄맘볼틲쯘ꎬ웤쯻펰쿬틲쯘퓲뿉뾴돉쫇쯦믺룉죅[31]ꆣ춶믘놨싊쫇웳튵뫍헾뢮뻶뚨짌튵춶뗄훘튪틀뻝횮튻ꎬ좻뛸춶믘놨싊뗄룅쓮훁뷱뮹캴쓜돉캪뻶닟늿쏅퓚닆헾풤쯣뫍럖엤쪱뇘탫뾼싇뗄튻룶ힼ퓲[16]ꆣ컒맺헾뢮뛔얩튵뿆벼춶죫뺭럑ퟜ솿늻뛏퓶뎤ꎬ떫쿠뇈뷏뛸퇔ꎬ뿆7
탂붮닆헾얩튵뿆벼춶죫믺훆퇐뺿 벼춶죫죔쿔늻ퟣꎬ헢떼훂컒맺웳튵뗄뾪랢쓜솦뷏닮ꎬ샻벼쫵짙ꎬ돶뿚뗄짌욷횻폐볛룱폅쫆ꎬ쎻폐벼쫵폅쫆[32]ꆣ얩튵뿆퇐춶죫뷡릹늻뫏샭ꎬ펰쿬뷰킧틦뗄랢믓[33]ꆣ컒맺R&D춶죫뫍헾뢮뿆벼횧돶뗄늿쏅뷡릹폫랢듯맺볒쿠뇈듦퓚ퟅ쏷쿔뗄닮뇰ꆣ뿆벼풺쯹뫍룟뗈풺킣뻛벯ퟅ듳솿뗄룟뛋뿆벼죋솦풴ꎬ평폚뿆퇐뗄뺭럑?랦ꎬ쪹웤늻쓜랢믓펦폐뗄ퟷ폃[21]ꆣ컒맺쿘쿧솽벶얩벼췆맣럑폃뛌좱틑돉캪훆풼얩벼췆맣쫂튵랢햹뗄훘튪틲쯘ꆣ튵컱뺭럑늻ퟣ쿞훆쇋얩튵췆맣믮뚯뗄폐킧뾪햹[34]ꆣ얩튵뿆퇐춶훷쳥뫍쫜틦훷쳥럖샫[16]ꆣ쓇킩뺭볃잷랢듯뗘쟸ꎬ쳘뇰쫇컷늿뗘쟸ꎬ닆솦놡죵ꎬ뿉폃폚뿆벼퇐랢춶죫쪮럖폐쿞ꆣ퓚떱듺뺭볃ꎬ뿆벼춶죫쫇뿆벼뷸늽뗄뇘튪쳵볾ꆣ뛸뿆벼뷸늽쫇쟸폲뺭볃랢햹뗄훷튪풭뚯솦ꆣ쯹틔ꎬ쟸폲볤뿆벼춶죫뗄닮뻠뇘붫떼훂쟸폲뺭볃닮뻠뗄뷸튻늽삩듳ꎬ죵뮯잷랢듯뗘쟸뺭볃뺺헹솦벰뺭볃뗄뿉돖탸랢햹[10]ꆣ컒맺얩튵뿆퇐뿎쳢퇐뺿뺭럑ꎬ컞싛내뿎쳢욽뻹뮹쫇내닎볓뿎쳢죋풱볆쯣ꎬ뻹풶뗍폚좫맺ퟔ좻뿆톧뫍벼쫵쇬폲뗄욽뻹쮮욽ꎬ얩튵뿆퇐뿎쳢뗄훺잿뛈늻떽좫맺욽뻹쮮욽뗄튻냫[35]ꆣ 뿆퇐뷰춶죫뷡릹쪧뫢ꎬ뺺헹탔뗄쿮쒿춶죫뇈샽욫듳[36]ꆣ쒿잰컒맺뿆벼퇐랢춶죫80%틔짏뺭럑뚼쫇틔쿮쒿탎쪽횧돖뗄ꎬ헢훖맽럖틀삵쿮쒿훆뗄뫳맻쪹뿆벼죋풱쓑틔믱뗃컈뚨돖탸뗄횧돖ꎬ쓑틔내헕뿆톧퇐뺿ퟔ짭뗄맦싉뾪햹뿆퇐릤ퟷ[10]ꆣ헾뢮뿆퇐훷맜늿쏅뷸탐퇐뺿뺭럑럖엤뗄뻶닟돌탲훷튪쫇춨맽볒ퟩ듨짌ꎬ죧맻폃릫릲톡퓱샭싛닻쫍웤뻶닟탐캪ꎬ웤훐볈몬폐맙쇅훆ꎬ폖폐듺틩훆ꎬ뛸웤믹놾뻶닟돌탲쫇뇭뻶훆ꆣ평폚헢훖뻶닟돌탲듦퓚ퟅ탅쾢뫍샭탔뗄폐쿞탔ꆢ훷쳥탐캪뫍뚯믺뗄뢴퓓탔ꆢ뚯믺뫍쯹돐떣틥컱뗄늻욽뫢탔벰뇭뻶훆훐뛠쫽욱춨맽맦퓲뗄좱쿝ꎬ췹췹떼훂춶킧싊쯰쪧[37]ꆣ컒맺얩튵뿆벼춶죫듦퓚“컥듳늻뫏샭”ꎬ벴뿆벼춶죫햼맺쏱짺닺ퟜ횵뗄뇈훘늻뫏샭ꆢ얩튵뿆벼춶죫햼뿆벼춶죫뗄뇈훘늻뫏샭ꆢ얩튵뿆벼춶죫햼얩튵ퟜ닺횵뇈훘늻뫏샭ꆢ얩튵뿆퇐뺭럑횱뷓춶죫뿆퇐뗄뇈훘늻뫏샭ꆢ얩튵뿆퇐춶뷡릹룷틲쯘쯹햼뇈훘늻뫏샭[38]ꆣ샮므헃뗈뗄튻쿮퇐뺿뷡맻뇭쏷ꎬ훐맺닆헾횧얩횧돶쿮쒿훐뇟볊닺돶킧펦룟뗍뗄듎탲캪ꎺ뿆벼죽쿮럑폃ퟮ룟ꎬ믹놾붨짨횧돶듎횮ꎬ짺닺탔횧돶뫍쫂튵럑ퟮ닮ꎻ뛸쿖탐닆헾횧얩횧돶뇈훘평룟떽뗍뗄탲쇐캪ꎺ짺닺탔횧돶뫍쫂튵럑뇈훘ퟮ룟ꎬ믹놾붨짨횧돶뇈훘듎횮ꎬ뿆벼죽쿮럑뇈훘ퟮ뗍ꆣ쿖탐닆헾횧얩횧돶헾닟폫춶뷡릹킧펦랽쏦돶쿖쇋뷏듳뗄욫닮ꎬ킧펦킡뗄춶맽뛠ꎬ킧펦듳뗄랴뛸춶맽짙[39]ꆣ볖뾵죏캪뿆벼춶죫맜샭폫뗷뿘좱랦폐킧뗄풴헻뫏믺훆ꎬ뿆벼춶죫뷰맜 8
탂붮얩튵듳톧쮶쪿톧캻싛컄 샭뷏캪듖럅ꎬ벨킧뾼움뫍컊퓰믺훆놡죵[40]ꆣ (2)맘폚얩튵뿆벼춶죫잿뛈ꆢ춶죫뷡릹뫍춶죫랽쿲 맺볊짏춨뎣폃헾뢮뛔얩튵뿆퇐춶햼얩튵ퟜ닺횵뗄뇈샽ꎬ벴얩튵뿆퇐춶잿뛈살뫢솿헾뢮뛔얩튵뿆퇐뗄춶죫쮮욽ꆣ 솪뫏맺솸얩ퟩ횯(FAO)죏캪ꎬ얩튵뿆퇐춶튪햼떽얩튵ퟜ닺횵뗄2%,닅쓜놣횤얩튵맺쏱뺭볃뗄킭뗷랢햹ꎬ쒿잰쫀뷧욽뻹쮮욽캪1%ꎬ컒맺캪%ퟳ폒[41]ꆣ짌컥튻뗈내헾뢮뛔얩튵뿆퇐늦뿮뛮볆쯣(늻냼삨뿆퇐떥캻뒴쫕)ꎬ컒맺얩튵뿆퇐헾뢮춶잿뛈듓1985쓪뗄%쿂붵떽쇋20쫀볍90쓪듺훐웚뗄%ꆫ%ꆣ헢튻쮮욽뮹늻떽랢듯맺볒욽뻹쮮욽(%)뗄1/10ꎬ뷶캪80쓪듺30룶ퟮ뗍쫕죫맺볒욽뻹춶잿뛈(%)뗄1/3ꆣ랢듯맺볒뗄얩튵뿆퇐잿뛈웕뇩듳폚럇얩튵늿쏅ꆣ샽죧90쓪듺훐웚죕놾뗄ퟜ뿆퇐릫릲(헾뢮)춶잿뛈놣돖퓚%ꆫ%ꎬ얩튵뿆벼뗄릫릲춶잿뛈퓲룟듯%ꎻ펢맺뗄얩튵뿆벼릫릲춶잿뛈퓚1995쓪(쮽폐뮯룄룯횮뫳)캪%ꎬ튲룟폚쯼뗄뿆벼ퟜ춶잿뛈%ꎻ램맺ꆢ뗂맺뫍쏀맺솽헟퓲믹놾쿠떱ꎬ뚼놣돖퓚2%ꆫ%ퟳ폒ꆣ뛸폫듋춬쪱컒맺얩튵뿆퇐릫릲(헾뢮늦뿮)춶잿뛈횻폐%ꎬ풶풶뗍폚럇얩튵늿쏅ꎬ뷶캪ퟜ뗄뿆퇐춶잿뛈(%)뗄1/3ꆣ뷼쓪살컒맺얩튵뿆퇐잿뛈튲뗍폚튻킩랢햹훐맺볒[29]ꆣ 쯦ퟅ얩튵뿆퇐춶뗄퓶볓ꎬ펦쿠펦뗘뗷헻얩튵뿆퇐춶뗄믹뒡탔뷡릹ꎬ컈늽쿲펦폃믹뒡퇐뺿ꇃ펦폃퇐뺿ꇃ뾪랢퇐뺿캪1ꇃ2ꆫ3ꇃ5ꆫ6뗄쫀뷧쮮욽뷓뷼[42]ꆣ십랢햹죏캪ꎬ룹뻝컒맺얩튵랢햹뗄탨튪뫍맺쟩ힴ뿶ꎬ붫믹뒡뿆퇐뺭럑쳡룟떽햼ퟜ뺭럑횧돶뗄7%ꆫ8%ꎬ펦쫇헾뢮캴살뿆퇐춶죫뷡릹뗷헻뗄쒿뇪[18]ꆣ퓚붨솢뫏샭뗄춶죫뷡릹뗄믹뒡짏ꎬ뛔얩튵뿆퇐뗄쿮쒿뺭럑뷸탐뫏샭맦뮮ꎬ럖샠맜샭ꆣ붨틩낲업펰쿬떽맺볆쏱짺뗄훘듳얩튵뿆톧벼쫵퇐뺿ꎬ맺볒맄샸뗄얩튵뿆벼랢햹랽쿲ꎬ탋좤쟽뚯뗄ퟔ평첽쯷쿮쒿헢죽샠얩튵쿮쒿춶죫뗄뫏샭뇈샽펦룃쫇4ꇃ3ꇃ3ꎬ쾣췻맺볒볓잿뫳솽샠쿮쒿뗄춶죫솦뛈[12]ꆣ 뷼쓪살ꎬ컒맺얩튵릫릲뿆퇐춶뗄럖엤믹놾짏틔뷚풼룻뗘쏦믽벼쫵캪훷튪춶죫랽쿲ꎬ헢폫튪쯘쾡좱탔벼쫵폕떼볙쮵믹놾튻훂ꆣ헢룶뷡싛뗄샭싛틢틥쫇뿉붫벼쫵폕떼탔볙쮵삩햹떽늻췪좫쫐뎡뺭볃쿂뗄벼쫵뒴탂ꎬ웤헾닟몬틥쫇컒맺얩튵릫릲뿆퇐춶럖엤뗄쟣킱뛔쿳틀좻쫇틔쳡룟췁뗘짺닺싊캪쒿뇪뗄벼쫵뒴탂[25]ꆣ샍뚯쏜벯탍얩닺욷퓚맺볊쫐뎡뻟폐튻뚨뗄뺺헹뗘캻ꎬ틲듋헫뛔얩튵뗄늻춬늿쏅ꎬ헾뢮뗄얩튵뿆퇐춶랽쿲튲펦ퟶ쫊떱뗄9
탂붮닆헾얩튵뿆벼춶죫믺훆퇐뺿 뗷헻ꎬ벴쫊떱뗘욫쿲튻뚨돌뛈짏뻟폐맺볊뺺헹솦뗄폦튵ꆢ탳쓁튵벰풰틕닺욷뗈샍뚯쏜벯탍얩닺욷ꎬ힢훘훊솿뗄쳡룟ꎬ듓뛸뷸튻늽쳡짽컒맺샍뚯쏜벯탍얩닺욷퓚맺볊쫐뎡짏뗄뺺헹폅쫆[43]ꆣ펦퓶볓뛔컒맺얩튵뿆퇐풭뒴탔퇐뺿뗄춶ꎬ붨틩맺볒뷸튻늽뗷헻뫍췪짆얩튵뿆퇐춶뷡릹ꎬ냑헾뢮닆헾춶훘뗣춶죫떽뻟폐ퟔ훷횪쪶닺좨뗄뿆퇐릤ퟷ짏살[44]ꆣ (3)맘폚얩튵뿆벼춶죫탂믺훆 얩튵뿆퇐춶믺훆쫇얩튵뿆퇐쳥훆뗄훘튪ퟩ돉늿럖ꎬ튲쫇얩튵뿆퇐퓋탐믺훆훐ퟮ믹놾뗄뫍ퟮ훘튪뗄훆뛈낲업[45]ꆣ퓚얩튵뿆벼춶죫늻ퟣꎬ춶죫쮮욽폫맺볊뺭볃랢햹쮮욽늻쿠쫊펦뗄쟩뿶쿂ꎬ탨튪릹붨탂뗄춶죫믺훆룸폨뷃헽[46]ꆣ헾뢮펦룃ퟷ캪얩튵뿆벼춶죫뗄훷쳥ꎬ펦폃럇쫐뎡믺훆ꎬ췆뚯닺톧퇐쿠뷡뫏ꎬ얩튵뿆퇐떥캻퓲튪퓋폃벤샸믺훆ꎬ닉좡튻뚨뗄쫐뎡믺훆췆뚯얩튵뿆퇐뛠돶돉맻ꎬ룼뫃뗘폫짺닺쿠뷡뫏ꆣ뇘탫붨솢얩튵뿆벼춶죫훷쳥(뿆퇐떥캻)뫍얩튵뿆벼춶죫뿍쳥(얩튵짺닺뺭펪헟)캪“죽얩”럾컱뗄샻틦벤샸믺훆[47]ꆣ헾뢮펦룃붨솢쮽죋웳튵뗄춶벤샸믺훆ꎬ죧볓잿횪쪶닺좨놣뮤ꎬ훰늽좡쿻뛔웳튵춶폚얩튵뿆퇐(죧퓓붻훖ퟓꆢ틟쏧)뗄쿞훆ꎬ맄샸뫍틽떼웳튵춶폚얩튵뿆벼벰췆맣ꎬ틔쏖늹릫릲춶뗄늻ퟣꆣ룄룯얩튵뿆퇐솢쿮뫍붱샸믺훆ꎬ붨솢폅쪤쇓청뗄얩튵뿆퇐닺튵뮯믺훆[37]ꆣ붨솢췆뷸얩튵뿆벼뒴탂뗄닆헾춶죫믺훆쫇쪵쿖얩튵뿆벼뒴탂뗄믹놾놣헏ꆣ헾뢮ퟷ캪훷튪춶헟ꎬ뇘탫늻뛏퓶볓얩튵뿆벼뺭럑뗄춶죫ꎬ춬쪱믽벫랢믓틽떼ퟷ폃ꎬ붨솢틔헾뢮캪훷쳥ꎬ틔쏱볤놾캪늹돤뗄뛠쟾뗀춶죫쳥훆[17]ꆣ뇘탫룼탂맛쓮ꎬ볡돖틔얩튵닺튵뮯뺭펪캪훷쿟ꎬ헾뢮펦룃볓뿬뛔뛠풪뮯춶죫훷쳥뗄틽떼뫍럶돖ꎬ붨솢튻쳗뛠풪뮯뗄춶죫뒴탂믺훆[48]ꆣ붨틩훆뚨ꆶ얩튵뿆벼춶죫램ꆷꎬ붨솢튻쳗퓶볓얩튵뿆퇐춶죫뗄춶믺훆ꆢ볠뚽믺훆[49]ꆣ (4)맘폚얩튵뿆퇐춶믘놨싊 맋므헂[50]ꆢ훬쾣룕[51ꎬ52]틔늻춬뗄랽램닢쯣쇋뿆벼뷸늽쮮욽뛔훐맺얩튵뺭볃퓶뎤뗄릱쿗싊ꎬ뗃돶뗄튻훂뷡싛쫇ꎺ춶죫뗄퓶뎤쫇훐맺얩튵퓶뎤뗄훷튪췆뚯틲쯘ꆣ퓚캴살쫐뎡췪좫뾪럅뗄쳵볾쿂ꎬ훐맺얩튵뿆퇐춶믘놨싊(쓚늿쫕틦싊)듯떽%ꎬ뛸퓚캴살쫐뎡늻퓙퓶볓뾪럅뛈뗄쳵볾쿂ꎬ춶믘놨싊튲듯떽%[16]ꆣ닉폃쮫뇤솿쾵쫽짨뚨쿂뗄CD짺닺몯쫽뛔얩튵뿆퇐춶뷸탐닢쯣ꎬ훍뫳웚럖뇰캪10쓪ꆢ17쓪ꆢ27쓪쪱ꎬ쓚늿놨돪럖뇰캪%ꆢ%ꆢ%[53]ꆣ퓋폃CD몯쫽뗄삩햹쪽뛔컒맺얩튵뿆퇐춶뫪맛킧틦뷸탐닢쯣ꎬ뗃돶1994ꎭ2003쓪10쓪뗄욽뻹뇟볊쫕틦싊캪%[27]ꆣ듓뿆벼춶죫뛔얩튵뿆벼 10
탂붮얩튵듳톧쮶쪿톧캻싛컄 뷸늽릱쿗싊뗄떯탔뾴ꎬ1990ꎭ1995쓪얩튵뿆벼춶죫ퟜ솿뗄떯탔캪ꎬ“뻅컥”쪱웚(1996ꎭ2000쓪)붵훁0 .317ꎬ복짙쇋%ꎻ2001ꎭ2004쓪얩튵뿆벼춶죫솿뗄떯탔횵볌탸쿂붵떽ꎬ뇈“뻅컥”복짙쇋%ꎬ복짙럹뛈폐쯹럅싽ꎬ헢뿉쓜폫“쪮컥”쪱웚뿆벼춶죫횧돶쪱훖횲튵뇈훘뗷복폐맘ꆣ뿆벼춶죫솿뗄떯탔늻뛏쿂붵ꎬ룼뛠뗄뷰춶죫랽쓜횧독얩튵뷸늽릱쿗싊늻뛏쳡룟[54]ꆣ폃룷쿮횧돖듫쪩뛔얩튵GDP퓶뎤ꆢ얩쏱짺닺돉놾붵뗍뗄ퟷ폃살뫢솿“싌쿤”헾닟훐룷쿮듫쪩뗄킧맻ꎬ뺭맽쒣탍볆쯣뿉뾴돶ꎬ헾뢮뛔얩튵뿆벼쎿퓶뎤1풪춶죫ꎬ뿉쪹얩쓁튵닺횵퓶볓룟듯풪ꎬ믘놨싊ퟮ룟ꎻ웤듎럖뇰캪얩듥뷌폽춶뫍얩듥릫릲믹뒡짨쪩춶ꎻ뛸얩쓁뮧ퟔ짭쎿퓶볓춶죫1풪컯훊럑폃춶죫ꎬ얩쓁튵닺횵뷶퓶볓풪ꆣ틔짏뷡싛뇭쏷ꎬ헾뢮퓶볓뛔얩튵뫍얩듥뗄릫릲춶죫ꎬ폈웤쫇퓶볓얩튵뿆벼뫍뷌폽뗄춶ꎬ뛔복쟡얩쏱뢺떣ꎬ쳡룟얩쏱쫕죫벰붵뗍얩닺욷돉놾뫍쳡룟얩튵뗄맺볊뺺헹솦ꎬ폐ퟅ훁맘훘튪뗄ퟷ폃[55]ꆣ (5)맘폚얩튵뿆벼춶죫뗄킧맻벰웤뛔짧믡뢣샻뗈룷랽쏦펰쿬 얩튵뿆퇐춶뗄킧싊살ퟔ폚쿈뷸뗄벼쫵뫍놣횤헢훖쿈뷸벼쫵쮳샻쪵쪩뗄폐킧훆뛈릩룸[56]ꆣ샻폃쪱볤탲쇐뫍뷘쏦쫽뻝뷡뫏뗄믬뫏쫽뻝럖컶쒣탍뛔컒맺뿆벼춶죫뗄벼쫵뷸늽킧펦뷸탐쪵횤럖컶ꎬ뷡맻쿔쪾ꎺ뿆벼춶죫뛔벼쫵뷸늽뗄ퟷ폃쫇쏷쿔뗄ꎻ평폚룷쟸폲ퟔ짭쳵볾뗄늻춬ꎬ뿆벼춶죫쯹닺짺뗄벼쫵뷸늽킧펦쫇늻튻퇹뗄ꎻ훷튪틀뾿뿆벼춶죫살듙뷸벼쫵뷸늽쫇늻릻뗄[57]ꆣ붨솢쒣탍뚨솿럖컶얩튵뿆벼춶죫폫얩쓁폦튵퓶볓횵벰얩쏱죋뻹쫕죫뗄맘쾵ꎬ뷡맻뇭쏷얩쓁폦튵퓶볓횵폫얩튵뿆퇐죋풱쫽솿ꆢ얩튵벼쫵췆맣춶죫ꆢ얩튵벼쫵췆맣죋풱쫽솿뻹돊헽쿠맘ꎻ얩쏱죋뻹뒿쫕죫폫얩튵뿆퇐춶죫ꆢ얩튵벼쫵췆맣춶죫ꆢ얩튵벼쫵췆맣죋풱쫽솿돊헽쿠맘[28]ꆣ 얩튵뿆벼춶죫뛔짧믡뺭볃뢣샻뻟폐쏷쿔뗄듙뷸킧펦ꎺ죴쫐뎡췪좫럅뾪ꎬ얩튵뿆퇐춶죫퓶볓뗄쫜틦헟뷶캪짺닺헟ꎬ쿻럑헟뗄뢣샻캪쇣ꎻ죴쫐뎡췪좫늻뾪럅쟒얩닺욷릩쟳떯탔뷏킡ꎬ얩튵뿆퇐춶죫뗄쫜틦헟좫늿캪쿻럑헟ꎬ짺닺헟뢣샻캪뢺쫽18]ꆣ헢뇭쏷ꎺ쯦ퟅ쫐뎡뾪럅돌뛈뗄퓶볓ꎬ짺닺헟듓얩튵뿆퇐춶훐뗄쫜틦럹뛈훰붥쳡룟ꎬ뛸쿻럑헟퓲헽뫃쿠랴ꆣ틔짏뷡맻튲뷒쪾쇋뿆벼뷸늽ꎬ쫐뎡뾪럅뛈폫얩쏱쫕죫볤뗄쿠뮥맘쾵[16]ꆣ쒿잰ꎬ컒맺뗄쫐뎡뾪럅돌뛈횻쓜뒦폚뛾헟횮볤ꎬ벴퓶볓얩튵뿆퇐춶죫뗄쫜틦헟늻뷶쫇짺닺헟ꎬ튲쫇쿻럑헟ꆣ죧맻튪죃짺닺헟듓뿆벼뷸늽훐뗃떽뷏룟뗄쫕틦ꎬ뇘탫훰붥럅뾪얩닺욷쫐뎡[18]ꆣ틔얩1 1
탂붮닆헾얩튵뿆벼춶죫믺훆퇐뺿 튵첤뎵샭싛캪믹뒡ꎬ룹뻝얩튵뿆벼춶죫틽웰얩튵벼쫵뷸늽ꎬ뷸뛸닺짺볛룱킧펦뫍럖엤킧펦뗄싟벭맘쾵ꎬ뛔훐맺얩튵뿆벼춶죫뗄킧펦뷸탐쇋샭싛럖컶뫍쪵횤볬퇩ꆣ볬퇩뷡맻뇭쏷ꎬ쳡룟헾뢮얩튵뿆벼춶죫늻쓜듓헻쳥짏쪹얩쏱쫕죫쳡룟ꎬ웤훷튪쫜틦헟쫇럇얩뻓쏱ꎬ틲뛸헾뢮얩튵뿆벼춶죫뻟폐삩듳돇쿧뢣샻닮뻠뗄킧맻ꆣ붨틩헾뢮쫊뛈쳡릩얩튵뿆벼춶죫ꎬ뿘훆웤볛룱킧펦뫍럖엤킧펦뗄잿뛈ꎬ춬쪱엤쳗듙뷸얩듥샍뚯솦틆뫍쳡룟얩쏱뢣샻뗄웤쯻얩튵횧돖헾닟[58]ꆣ 뻍훐맺6룶얩쟸뗄얩튵뿆퇐릫릲춶폫3훖훷튪솸쪳ퟷ컯닺솿퓶뎤횮볤뗄맘쾵뷸탐쪵횤럖컶ꎬ퇐뺿뷡맻뇭쏷ꎺ얩튵뿆퇐릫릲춶뛔룷훖ퟷ컯떥캻쏦믽닺솿뻟폐쏷쿔뗄헽킧펦[59]ꆣ틼쾣맻뗈춨맽뛔1978ꎭ2000쓪얩튵뿆벼춶죫뫍얩닺욷볛룱쫽뻝뗄럖컶ꎬ죏캪얩튵뿆벼춶죫폫얩닺욷볛룱횮볤듦퓚ퟅ뢴퓓뗄쿠맘맘쾵ꆣퟜ쳥짏살쮵ꎬ듦퓚ퟅ헽쿠맘맘쾵ꎬ럖뷗뛎뗄듦퓚ퟅ헽쿠맘뫍뢺쿠맘뗈뛠훖탎쪽ꎬ얩튵뿆벼춶죫뛔얩닺욷볛룱뗄펰쿬폐훍뫳ퟷ폃[60]ꆣ (6)맘폚얩튵뿆벼춶죫쒣쪽 뿆벼춶죫쒣쪽횸뿆벼풴뗄엤훃랽쪽ꎬ쯼쫇춶죫훷쳥캪쇋쪵쿖튻뚨뗄뺭볃폫짧믡쒿뇪ꎬ춶죫튪쯘듓훷쳥떽떽뿍쳥뗄슷뺶ꆢ춶죫랽쪽ꆢ랽램틔벰퓋탐믺훆뗄ퟜ뫍ꆣ 붨솢릫릲닆헾뿲볜쿂뗄뿆벼춶죫쒣쪽ꎬ뿉틔퓚튻뚨돌뛈짏샭쮳룷늿쏅횮볤뗄맘쾵ꎬ쳡룟닆헾뷰뗄킧싊ꎬ튲쫇럻뫏WTO맺볊맟샽뗄퓋탐춶죫믺훆탨튪뗄[11] ꆣ 톡좡뷼15쓪커몺쫐닆헾얩튵뿆벼춶죫뷰쫽뻝ꎬ훘뗣럖컶웤춶죫떥캻폫쇬폲쇷쿲ꎬ뿆벼퇐뺿뗈쓚죝ꎬ랢쿖퓚커몺쫐닆헾얩튵뿆벼춶죫뗄9훖쒣쪽훐뗄5훖쒣쪽캪훷튪쒣쪽ꎬ벴닆헾——뿆퇐믺릹——믹뒡퇐뺿쒣쪽ꎻ닆헾——뿆퇐믺릹——펦폃퇐뺿쒣쪽ꎻ닆헾——췆맣믺릹——펦폃퇐뺿쒣쪽ꎻ닆헾——웳튵——펦폃퇐뺿쒣쪽ꎻ닆헾——웳튵——닺튵뮯쒣쪽ꆣ늢뛔웤폅좱뗣뷸탐쇋럖컶ꎬ죏캪헢훖뛠풪뮯춶죫쒣쪽룱뻖쫇퓚뎤웚뗄춶죫쪵볹훐믽뗭뛸돉뗄ꎬ쫇뿉틔퓚듳훐돇쫐웕뇩췆맣뗄쒣쪽[61]ꆣ (7)맘폚얩튵뿆벼춶죫뗄헾닟 평폚헾뢮얩튵뿆퇐춶퓚컒맺얩튵뿆퇐춶훐쯹햼뗄럝뛮뷏듳ꎬ늢쟒헾뢮얩튵뿆퇐춶횱뷓랴펳튻룶맺볒뛔얩튵뿆퇐쓋훁헻룶얩튵헾닟ꎬ틲듋ꎬ퇐뺿헾뢮얩튵뿆퇐춶뗄뇤뮯쟩뿶벫캪훘튪[62]ꆣ뿆벼춶죫쫇“싌쿤”헾닟뗄훘튪쓚죝ꎬ퓚WTO뗄뿲볜쿂ꎬ퓶볓얩 12
탂붮얩튵듳톧쮶쪿톧캻싛컄 튵뿆벼춶죫쫇럶돖놾맺얩튵랢햹뗄폐킧춾뺶[63]ꆣ맘폚샻폃“싌쿤헾닟”횧돖얩튵뿆벼컊쳢뗄퇐뺿랢쿖ꎬ훐맺“싌쿤”횧돖뷡릹놻퇏훘얤쟺ꎬ듦퓚뻞듳뗄“싌쿤”슩뚴뫍“싌쿤”뿕냗ꆣ헾뢮늿쏅뗄횱뷓뮨럑뫍뛔맺볒솸쪳웳튵뗄뿷쯰늹쳹햼폃쇋95%틔짏뗄“싌쿤”풴ꎬ벸뫵쎻폐뛠짙쪣폠풴쓜횱뷓틆횧뢶룸얩튵짺닺헟ꆣ춨맽퇐뺿얩튵닺횵퓶뎤폫릫릲뷌폽춶죫ꆢ릫릲믹뒡짨쪩춶죫ꆢ릫릲뿆퇐춶죫ꆢ얩쓁뮧ퟔ짭춶횮볤뗄맘쾵ꎬ뷡맻뇭쏷ꎬ얩튵뿆벼춶죫뗄뇟볊믘놨싊ퟮ룟ꎬ얩듥뷌폽춶뫍얩듥믹뒡짨쪩춶뗄뇟볊싊듎횮ꎬ얩쓁뮧ퟔ짭춶뗄뇟볊믘놨ퟮ뗍ꆣ떫훐맺“싌쿤”풴뗄쪵볊럖엤폅쿈탲좴췪좫폫듋쮳탲쿠랴[55]ꆣ틔쏀맺ꎬ펢맺ꎬ죕놾뗈얩튵랢듯맺볒캪샽ꎬ럖컶쇋웤뷼쓪살헾뢮얩튵뿆벼춶죫헾닟뗄릲탔쳘헷ꎬ횸돶쪵쪩믽벫뗄맺볒얩튵뿆벼닆헾헾닟ꎬ듓뛸틽떼붨솢뛠훷쳥ꎬ뛠쟾뗀뗄맺볒얩튵뿆벼춶죫돤풣놣헏쳥쾵ꎬ쫇헢킩맺볒쪵쿖벼쫵폫ퟔ좻풴쏜쟐뷡뫏ꎬ뒴퓬폐샻폚짺닺헟뺭볃샻틦ꎬ쿻럑헟탨쟳뫍뮷뺳놣뮤뗄ꎬ뻟폐뺺헹솦뗄“샭탔얩튵”뗄ퟮ훘튪믹뒡[64]ꆣ (8)맘폚뿆벼춶죫폫뺭볃퓶뎤뗄맘쾵 훬뒺뿼퓋폃쪱볤탲쇐뚯첬뻹뫢맘쾵럖컶랽램ꎬ춨맽뛔컒맺1978-2000쓪닆헾뿆벼춶죫폫뺭볃퓶뎤뗄폐맘쫽뻝뇤솿뷸탐킭헻럖컶폫틲맻맘쾵볬퇩ꎬ붨솢쇋뛾헟횮볤뗄컳닮탞헽쒣탍ꎬ뷒쪾쇋닆헾뿆벼춶죫폫뺭볃퓶뎤뗄뚯첬뻹뫢맘쾵[65]ꆣ짪뫬랼뗈뷸탐쇋얩튵뿆벼춶죫폫얩튵뺭볃랢햹뗄쪵횤퇐뺿ꎬ룱삼뷜틲맻볬퇩뗄뷡싛뇭쏷ꎬ솽헟듦퓚쮫쿲틲맻맘쾵ꎬ얩튵뿆벼춶죫쫇얩튵뺭볃랢햹뗄풭틲ꎬ떫얩튵ퟜ닺횵뗄퓶볓늢쎻폐쏷쿔뗘듙뷸얩튵뿆퇐춶죫뗄퓶볓ꎬ랴펳돶컒맺얩튵뿆퇐춶죫믺훆뮹듦퓚짮닣컊쳢[66]ꆣ 쳆컥쿦뗈퓋폃T탍맘솪뛈럖컶랽램ꎬ럖컶쇋놱뺩쫐뿆벼춶죫폫뺭볃퓶뎤뗄맘솪맘쾵ꎬ뗃돶쇋볓듳뛔뿆벼뗄춶죫볈쫇놱뺩쫐놣돖뗘쟸뺭볃돖탸랢햹뗄탨튪ꎬ튲쫇쪵쿖훘튪햽싔릹쿫뗄튪쟳뗈죴룉뷡싛[67]ꆣ돂쪫늨뗈퓋폃T탍맘솪뛈럖컶랽램럖컶쇋커몺쫐얩튵뿆벼춶죫폫뺭볃퓶뎤뗄맘쾵ꎬ쳡돶헾뢮뛔얩튵뿆벼뗄춶죫떼쿲폫얩튵뿆벼뗄뷸늽뫍얩튵뺭볃뗄퓶뎤쾢쾢쿠맘[68]ꆣ 붪쟬뮪뗈춨맽룄뷸뗄믒즫맘솪뛈럖컶쇋컒맺뿆벼춶죫폫뺭볃퓶뎤횮볤뗄쿠맘맘쾵ꎬ죏캪뿆벼춶죫폫뺭볃퓶뎤폐ퟅ쏜쟐뗄맘쾵ꎬ뿆벼춶죫뛔뺭볃퓶뎤뻟폐훘튪뗄췆뚯ퟷ폃[69]ꆣ돂뚬짺뗈[70]ꎬ헅쿾죘뗈[71]ꎬ좨듳톧뗈[72]ꎬ키컄럦뗈[73]쿈뫳퓋폃믒즫맘솪뛈쒣탍ꎬ럖1 3
탂붮닆헾얩튵뿆벼춶죫믺훆퇐뺿 뇰뛔커몺쫐ꆢ붭쯕쪡ꆢ짂컷쪡ꆢ탂붮쪡뗄뿆벼춶죫폫뺭볃퓶뎤횮볤뗄맘쾵뷸탐쇋럖컶ꎬ뷡맻뻹뇭쏷뿆벼춶죫폫뺭볃퓶뎤돊헽쿠맘맘쾵ꎬ뿆벼춶죫뗄솦뛈뮹폐듽뷸튻늽볓잿ꆣ (9)맺쓚웤쯻쪡쟸폐맘얩튵뿆벼춶죫랽쏦뗄퇐뺿 헅폱뚫뻍쇉쓾쪡얩튵뿆퇐믺릹뗄얩튵쫂튵럑ꆢ얩튵뿆벼죽쿮럑뗈춶죫ힴ뿶퓚좫맺랶캧쓚뷸탐쇋뇈뷏럖컶ꎬ횸돶쇉쓾쪡얩튵뿆퇐춶죫뛔뿆퇐ퟛ뫏쓜솦퓬돉뗄펰쿬ꎬ죏캪얩튵뿆퇐춶죫쮮욽늻룟ꎬ횱뷓펰쿬쇋뿆벼돉맻뗄짺닺[74]ꆣ헅횾솦뗈럖컶쇋즽컷쪡얩튵춶쿖ힴ폫얩튵춶뷡릹ꎬ헫뛔듦퓚뗄컊쳢폫짧믡펰쿬ꎬ쳡돶닆헾횧돖얩튵뿆벼쫇얩튵뿆벼룟짧믡킧틦폫릫릲닆헾맣쫕틦ퟚ횼뗄룟뛈춳튻ꆣ볓듳얩튵뿆벼춶ꎬ튪퓚춶랽쿲ꆢ뷡릹ꆢ훘뗣뫍뗷헻짏볓듳솦뛈[75]ꆣ역솢쏷퇐뺿쇋뷼쓪쓚붭쯕쪡닆헾풤쯣쓚횧얩뷰뿆벼춶죫뗄뇤뮯쟷쫆ꎬ쳡돶닆헾늿쏅뇘탫쫊쪱뗷헻닆헾횧얩헾닟ꎬ볓듳춶죫ꎬ틔볓뿬얩튵닺튵뮯뗄늽랥ꆣ쏱볤놾ꆢ릤짌놾뫍췢살놾돉캪붭쯕얩튵춶죫뗄탂쇁뗣ꎬ붭쯕펦틲뗘훆틋ꆢ틲쫆샻떼ꎬ볓뿬틽뷸“죽”ꎻ뺫탄ퟩ횯ꆢ잿솦췆뷸ꎬ쳡룟“죽”뾪랢킧맻ꎻ믽벫틽뷸ꆢ뫏샭퓋ퟷꎬ벤랢뷰춶죫뗄솪뚯킧펦[76]ꆣ십틥몣뗈럖컶싛쫶쇋쓾쿄얩튵뿆퇐뷰뗄춶죫솦뛈뫍쪹폃킧틦ꎬ틔벰얩튵뿆퇐쿮쒿뗄맜샭쿖ힴꎬ헫뛔듦퓚뗄컊쳢쳡돶붨솢뫍췪짆닆헾횧돖얩튵뿆퇐뗄춶죫믺훆ꆢ붨솢붡좫얩튵뿆퇐뷰뗄맜샭훆뛈뫍볠뚽믺훆ꆢ뒴탂얩튵뿆퇐맜샭믺훆뗈뛔닟[77]ꆣ헅컄웥뗈싛쫶쇋퓶볓뢣붨얩튵뿆벼춶뗄훘튪탔ꎬ뛔뢣붨얩튵뿆벼춶컈뚨탔뫍킧틦탔뷸탐쇋움볛ꎬ럖컶쇋펰쿬뢣붨얩튵뿆벼춶뗄펰쿬틲쯘ꎬ릹붨쇋뢣붨얩튵뿆벼춶탂믺훆ꎬ쳡돶쇋놣돖뢣붨얩튵뿆벼춶컈뚨퓶뎤늢돤럖췚뻲춶킧틦뗄죴룉헾닟붨틩[78]ꆣ헅샙뗈죋샻폃듳솿뗄뿆벼쇏뫍쫽뻝뛔“쪮컥”틔살쳬뷲쫐얩튵뿆퇐춶죫쮮욽폫뷡릹ꆢ얩튵뿆벼돉맻쫽솿폫뷡릹ꆢ돉맻믱붱쫽솿폫뷡릹뗈랽쏦뷸탐럖컶움볛[79]ꆣ뷰룟럥듓ퟝ쿲뫍뫡쿲솽룶닠쏦뛔붭쯕얩튵뿆벼춶죫뗄뺭볃킧싊뇈뷏뫳죏캪ꎺ붭쯕쪡얩튵뿆벼춶죫뗄뺭볃킧싊쿠뛔컞킧ꎬ뛔닺짺헢튻뷡싛뗄풭틲ퟷ쇋볲튪뗄럖컶ꎬ늢쳡돶쿠펦붨틩[80]ꆣ욤쿲뚫춨맽뛔뫾쓏닆헾횧돖얩튵뿆벼춶죫뗄쿖ힴ럖컶ꎬ룹뻝얩튵뿆벼춶죫뗄탨쟳ꎬ좷솢쇋닆헾춶죫얩튵뿆벼뗄믹놾쮼슷ꎬ뷸뛸쳡돶쇋튻킩뫾쓏닆헾춶죫얩튵뿆벼뗄뛔닟[36]ꆣ (10)맘폚탂붮얩튵뿆벼랽쏦뗄퇐뺿 퓚춶듯떽튻뚨맦쒣뗄쳵볾쿂ꎬ뇘탫폐쿠뛔뷏룟뗄벼쫵뷸늽쮮욽폫횮쿠쫊펦ꎬ럱퓲 14
탂붮얩튵듳톧쮶쪿톧캻싛컄 춶뗄킧싊뇘좻놻벼쫵쮮욽뗄늻욥엤쯹훆풼ꎬ듓헢룶틢틥짏붲ꎬ벼쫵뷸늽폫춶쫊뛈퓶뎤ꆢ얩튵춶틔췆뚯얩튵뿆벼뷸늽폫믹뒡짨쪩룄짆캪훷떼랽쿲ꎬ틑돉캪탂붮얩튵뺭볃쓜럱돖탸랢햹뗄맘볼뮷뷚[81]ꆣ얩튵뿆벼죽쿮럑춶죫뛔얩쏱쫕죫뗄퓶뎤쯤좻늻뻟폐뷏쏷쿔뗄떱웚킧펦ꎬ떫듦퓚뷏캪쏷쿔뗄퇓웚킧펦ꎬ벴떱웚뗄얩튵뿆벼죽쿮럑춶죫킧펦뿉틔퇓탸떽틔뫳뗄뗚죽룶쪱웚[82]ꆣ냼삨탂붮퓚쓚뗄컷늿쪡럝뛔펦폃뿆벼췆뚯얩튵랢햹뗄죏쪶춣쇴퓚뒫춳뗄쿁낯쫓튰짏ꎬ퓚쪵볹훐뷶훘쫓얩ퟷ컯짺닺랽쏦ꎬ퓚샭싛짏튲쫇죧듋ꆣ뿆톧벼쫵뮹쎻폐헦헽돉캪얩튵잿폐솦뗄뗚튻짺닺솦ꎬ얩튵뮹쎻폐붨솢퓚뿆벼뗄믹뒡짏ꆣ헢훖ힴ뿶늻샻폚퓚탂탎쫆쿂펦폃쿖듺뿆벼듙뷸얩튵뗄랢햹ꆣ틲듋ꎬ뇘탫쫷솢냼삨닺잰ꆢ닺훐ꆢ닺뫳ꎬ볈폐펲벼쫵ꎬ폖폐“죭”벼쫵뗄맣틥뗄얩튵뿆벼맛[83]ꆣ춨맽ퟜ쳥움볛늻쓑랢쿖ꎬ탂붮쟸폲뒴탂뗄늻ퟣ벯훐뇭쿖퓚죋솦늻ퟣꆢ춶죫늻ퟣ뫍돉맻뮯늻ퟣꆣ춶죫늻ퟣ뇭쿖퓚퇐랢뺭럑퇏훘늻ퟣꎬ폖벫짙뗃떽췢맺뗄횱뷓춶죫ꎬ쎻폐붨솢웰뒴탂믹뷰ꎬ듓뛸떼훂뒴탂믹뒡쳵볾실뫳ꎬ룟닣듎뒴탂죋닅쓑틔쇴힡ꎬ퇐랢쓑틔돶듳뗄돉맻뗈컊쳢ꆣ뷱뫳펦폐킧샻폃폐쿞뗄뷰ꎬ벯훐쪹폃ꎬ힢훘뿆벼돉맻뗄뮯[84]ꆣ붨죘죏캪ꎬ뷢뻶탂붮“죽얩”컊쳢뇘탫볡돖틔퓶볓얩쏱쫕죫캪룹놾쒿뗄ꎬ춳돯돇쿧뺭볃짧믡랢햹ꎬ췆뷸쫐뎡뮯룄룯틔벰볡돖뿆벼뷸늽뗄풭퓲[85]ꆣ릹붨뛠풪뮯뗄얩튵뿆벼뒴탂춶죫쳥쾵ꎬ룄룯쿖탐뗄얩튵뿆벼럾컱쳥쾵ꎬ붨솢틔웕벰뷌폽캪놾ꆢ죚얩튵뺭볃폫뿆벼돉맻뮯폚튻쳥뗄얩듥횰튵뷌폽쳥훆ꎬ쫇떱잰볓듳탂붮얩튵닺튵뮯뺭펪뗄뿆벼춶죫쯹튪ퟶ뗄죽볾쫂[86]ꆣ ퟛ짏쯹쫶ꎬ틑폐뗄컄쿗쇏쿔쪾ꎬ맺쓚췢톧헟뛔폚얩튵뿆벼춶죫컊쳢틑뷸탐쇋듳솿ꆢ짮죫뗄퇐뺿ꆣ떫맺췢톧헟뗄퇐뺿틔컷랽뗄헾훎ꆢ뺭볃ꆢ짧믡캪놳뺰ꎬ늢늻췪좫쫊펦훐맺쳘폐뺭볃놳뺰쿂ꎬ폈웤쫇탂붮뗄쪵볊쟩뿶ꆣ맺쓚톧헟훷튪닠훘폚퇐뺿컒맺얩튵뿆벼춶죫뗄쿖ힴ벰듦퓚뗄컊쳢ꎬ닢쯣얩튵뿆퇐춶믘놨싊ꆢ첽쳖퓶볓닆헾얩튵뿆벼춶죫뗄헾닟붨틩틔벰뷸탐뿆벼쳥훆룄룯뗈랽쏦ꆣ떫맺쓚췢톧헟뛔폚얩튵뿆벼춶죫컊쳢뗄퇐뺿뻹캪놾컄뗄퇐뺿쳡릩쇋샭싛틀뻝뫍폐틦뗄쮼슷ꆣ 1 5
탂붮닆헾얩튵뿆벼춶죫믺훆퇐뺿 샭싛틀뻝 릫릲톡퓱샭싛 릫릲톡퓱샭싛랢풴폚20쫀볍50쓪듺ꎬ뗋뿏ꆤ늼삳뿋폚1958쓪랢뇭뗄ꆶ캯풱믡폫톡뻙샭싛ꆷꎬ뾪뒴쇋뛔헾훎뗄릫릲톡퓱퇐뺿랽램ꆣ릫릲톡퓱샭싛폫릫릲톡퓱톧엉퓚룅쓮짏춬튻ꎬ뚼볲돆캪릫릲톡퓱(public choice)ꆣ릫릲톡퓱샭싛폃뺭볃톧뗄맛뗣뫍랽램럖컶헾훎톧뗄뒫춳컊쳢ꎬ“볲떥뗘쮵ꎬ쫇붫뺭볃톧펦폃폚헾훎뿆톧ꎬ릫릲톡퓱뗄훷쳢뻍쫇헾훎뿆톧뗄훷쳢ꎬ벴맺볒샭싛ꆢ춶욱맦퓲ꆢ춶욱헟탐캪ꆢ떳엉헾훎톧ꆢ맙랽헾훎뗈ꆣ”릫릲톡퓱톧엉ퟅ훘폚횸돶헾뢮탐캪좱쿝뗄풭틲ꎬ룶쳥뫍췅쳥뗄헾훎탐캪ꆢ헾뢮뗄탐캪ꆢ톡뻙춶욱ꆢ벯쳥뻶닟뗄맦퓲뗈헾훎톧컊쳢뚼놻쓉죫웤퇐뺿쫓튰[87]ꆣ 릫릲톡퓱톧엉폃뺭볃톧뗄랽램럖컶헾훎쿖쿳믹폚죽룶믹놾볙짨ꎺ뺭볃죋볙짨ꆢ붻뮻헾훎톧뫍랽램싛뗄룶죋훷틥ꆣ릫릲톡퓱샭싛뗄뫋탄쓚죝냼삨죽룶랽쏦ꎺ릫릲톡퓱탐캪뗄훷쳥(훷튪횸맙쇅ꆢ헾떳ꆢ헾뢮ꆢ톡쏱뗈)뗄탐캪쳘헷ꎻ쏱훷헾훎믮뚯퓚쿖쪵짺믮훐뗄퓋탐랽쪽틔벰죧뫎톡퓱폐킧듫쪩틔쳡룟릫릲킧싊ꎻ퓚뛠훖뻶닟맦퓲쿂ꎬ헾뢮뗄뻶닟뿉쓜믡닺짺늻춬뗄풤웚뷡맻[88]ꆣ 쏀맺뺭볃톧볒햲쒷쮹ꆤMꆤ늼뾲쓏죏캪ꎺ20쫀볍80쓪듺뗄헾훎뺭볃톧퇐뺿늻펦룃퓙볌탸닉폃뾭뛷쮹뗄퇐뺿쮼슷ꆣ쯻붫헾훎뻶닟뗄럖컶춬뺭볃샭싛뷡뫏웰살ꎬ붫뺭볃럖컶뷸탐삩듳늢펦폃떽짧믡ꎭ헾훎램맦뗄톡퓱맽돌ꆣ춬쪱ꎬ쯻춨맽퇐뺿쏀맺뗄헾훎훆뛈ꎬퟮ훕헒떽쇋웤뺭볃뒦폚삧뺳뗄풭틲ꎺ쫇평폚헾훎훆뛈뗄쪧냜뛸늢럇쫐뎡훆뛈뗄쪧쇩ꆣ1986쓪햲쒷쮹ꆤMꆤ늼뾲쓏틔릫릲톡퓱샭싛믱뗃쇋떱쓪뗄억놴뛻뺭볃톧붱ꆣ 릫릲톡퓱샭싛퓚뺭볃샭싛훐뻟폐뻙ퟣ쟡훘뗄뗘캻ꎬ튲헽죧죰뗤믊볒뿆톧풺퓚캪늼뾲쓏냤랢억놴뛻붱뗄릫룦훐쯹횸돶뗄쓇퇹ꎺ릫릲톡퓱샭싛쏖늹쇋뒫춳뺭볃샭싛좱랦뛀솢뗄헾훎뻶닟럖컶뗄좱쿝ꎬ헢붫폐훺폚뷢쫍헾뢮풤쯣돠ퟖ캪뫎쓑틔쿻돽뗄풭틲[89]ꆣ 퓚쿖듺릫릲톡퓱샭싛훐ꎬ헾뢮쫇튻훖쿲짧믡쳡릩릫릲컯욷뗄훆뛈낲업ꎬ닆헾헾닟퓲쫇헢훖훆뛈낲업뗄럖엤쫖뛎ꆣ헾뢮춨맽훆뚨쿠펦뗄헾닟ꎬ뗷뿘닆헾쫕횧맦쒣폫뷡릹ꎬ듯떽맺쏱뺭볃폫짧믡좫쏦킭뗷랢햹뗄쒿뗄ꆣ 16
탂붮얩튵듳톧쮶쪿톧캻싛컄 벼쫵뒴탂샭싛 벼쫵뗄랢햹폫뷸늽듓살뚼쫇죋샠짧믡랢햹폫뷸늽뗄훘튪췆뚯솦솿ꆣ18쫀볍뗄뗚튻듎닺튵룯쏼ꎬ뇪횾ퟅ뿆톧벼쫵랢햹뛔뺭볃랢햹폫짧믡뷸늽뗄췆뚯ퟷ폃뷸죫쇋튻룶탂뗄쪱웚ꆣ쳘뇰쫇뛾햽틔뫳ꎬ벼쫵뒴탂뛔뺭볃랢햹뷸돌뗄ퟷ폃풽살풽듳ꎬ늢뛔쫀뷧뺭볃뗄룱뻖뫍맺볒횮볤뗄솦솿뛔뇈맘쾵닺짺쇋훘듳펰쿬ꆣ 맺볊짏뛔뒴탂뗄퇐뺿웰풴폚쏀벮냂뗘샻뺭볃톧볒풼즪럲ꆤ태뇋쳘쳡돶뗄뒴탂샭싛ꆣ쯻듓싛쫶벼쫵뇤룯뛔뺭볃럇뻹뫢퓶뎤틔벰짧믡랢햹럇컈뚨탔뗄펰쿬돶랢ꎬ폚1912쓪퓚웤훸ퟷꆶ뺭볃랢햹샭싛ꆷ훐쫗듎쳡돶“뒴탂룅쓮”ꎬ뫳폖퓚ꆶ뺭볃훜웚ꆷ헢놾훸훐쾵춳뗘닻쫶쇋쯻뗄뒴탂샭싛ꆣ 태뇋쳘죏캪“뒴탂(Innovation)”쫇횸웳튵볒뛔짺닺튪쯘뗄탂ퟩ뫏ꎬ벴냑튻훖듓살쎻폐맽뗄짺닺튪쯘뫍짺닺쳵볾뗄탂ퟩ뫏틽죫짺닺쳥쾵횮훐ꎬ붨솢튻훖탂뗄짺닺몯쫽ꎬ웤쒿뗄쫇캪쇋믱좡잱퓚뗄샻죳ꆣ내헕태뇋쳘뗄뚨틥ꎬ쏷좷뗘붫뺭볃랢햹폫뒴탂쫓캪춬튻컯ꎬ돆뺭볃랢햹“뿉틔뚨틥캪횴탐탂뗄ퟩ뫏”ꆣ헢훖탂ퟩ뫏냼삨ꎺ튻쫇짺닺탂뗄닺욷ꎬ벴닺욷뒴탂ꎻ뛾쫇닉폃튻훖탂뗄짺닺랽램ꎬ벴릤틕뒴탂믲짺닺벼쫵뒴탂ꎻ죽쫇뾪뇙튻룶탂뗄쫐뎡ꎬ벴쫐뎡뒴탂ꎻ쯄쫇믱뗃튻훖풭쇏믲냫돉욷뗄탂릩룸살풴ꎬ벴닄쇏뒴탂ꎻ컥쫇쪵탐튻훖탂뗄웳튵ퟩ횯탎쪽ꎬ벴ퟩ횯맜샭뒴탂[90]ꆣ헢컥룶랽쏦뗄쓚죝뿉틔맩뷡캪솽뗣ꎺ뗚튻쫇짺닺벼쫵랽쏦뗄룯탂ꎬ죧탂짨놸ꆢ탂닺욷ꆢ탂닄쇏뗄뾪랢뫍펦폃ꎬ탂릤틕뗄틽뷸ꆢ랢쏷뫍펦폃ꎻ뗚뛾쫇짺닺랽쪽랽쏦뗄룯탂ꎬ죧짧믡짺닺뫍뺭펪맜샭랽쪽뗄룼탂뫍룄뷸ꆣ짺닺벼쫵뫍짺닺랽쪽뗄뇤뮯폫룯탂ꎬ놾짭쫇뒴탂뗄뷡맻ꎬ쫇늻뛏뗘뛔뺭볃퓶뎤닺짺룯쏼탔펰쿬뗄맽돌ꆣ 태뇋쳘뗄뒴탂룅쓮뇈뷏뿭랺ꎬ훷튪쫴폚벼쫵뒴탂랶돫ꎬ튲짦벰떽쇋맜샭뒴탂ꆢퟩ횯뒴탂뗈ꎬ떫쯻잿뗷뗄쫇냑벼쫵뗈튪쯘틽죫뺭볃ꎬ쪹벼쫵폫뺭볃쿠뷡뫏ꎬ틲듋쯻쯹쮵뗄뒴탂쫇튻룶뺭볃톧뗄룅쓮ꆣ쯻죏캪ꎬ횻폐떱탂뗄벼쫵랢쏷놻펦폃폚뺭볃믮뚯쪱ꎬ닅쓜돉캪“뒴탂”ꆣ 태뇋쳘뗄뒴탂샭싛쳡돶횮뫳ꎬ평폚쫜떽춬쪱웚뗄“뾭뛷쮹룯쏼”뗄샭싛펰쿬ꎬ늢쎻폐뗃떽맣랺뗄훘쫓ꆣ20쫀볍50쓪듺틔뫳ꎬ탭뛠맺볒뗄뺭볃돶쿖쇋뎤듯뷼20쓪뗄룟쯙퓶뎤1 7
탂붮닆헾얩튵뿆벼춶죫믺훆퇐뺿 “믆뷰웚”ꎬ헢튻쿖쿳틑늻쓜폃뒫춳뺭볃톧샭싛훐놾ꆢ샍뚯솦뗈튪쯘볓틔볲떥뷢쫍ꆣ컷랽톧헟뛔벼쫵뷸늽폫뺭볃퓶뎤맘쾵닺짺쇋탋좤늢뾪햹쇋짮죫뗄퇐뺿ꎬ듓뛸쪹벼쫵뒴탂샭싛뗃떽쇋뎤ퟣ뗄랢햹ꆣퟝ맛벼쫵뒴탂샭싛뗄랢햹ꎬ뿉틔붫뛔벼쫵뒴탂샭싛뗄퇐뺿럖돉탂맅뗤톧엉ꆢ탂태뇋쳘톧엉ꆢ훆뛈뒴탂톧엉뫍맺볒뒴탂쾵춳톧엉뗈쯄룶톧엉ꆣ탂맅뗤톧엉퇐뺿쇋벼쫵뷸늽폫뺭볃퓶뎤뗄맘쾵ꎻ탂태뇋쳘톧엉뛔벼쫵췆맣폫삩즢ꆢ벼쫵뒴탂폫쫐뎡뷡릹뗈컊쳢뷸탐쇋짮죫뗄퇐뺿ꎻ훆뛈뒴탂톧엉퇐뺿쇋벼쫵뒴탂뫍훆뛈뒴탂뗄맘쾵ꎻ맺볒뒴탂쾵춳톧엉죏캪뒴탂쫇평맺볒뒴탂쾵춳췆뚯뗄[91]ꆣ 얩튵뿆퇐뗄뢣샻럖엤샭싛 십랢햹[18]퓋폃뢣샻뺭볃톧뗄랽램뛔얩튵뿆벼춶죫뇤뚯뛔짧믡뢣샻뗄펰쿬ퟷ쇋샭싛웊컶ꆣ퇐뺿뷡맻뇭쏷ꎺ(1)컞싛퓚볛룱늻뇤뫍쫐뎡췪좫뾪럅뗄쳵볾쿂ꎬ뮹쫇퓚볛룱늻뇤뫍쫐뎡늻뾪럅쳵볾쿂ꎬ(얩튵뿆퇐춶폫짧믡ퟜ뢣샻)돉놾킧틦ힴ뿶뻹쿠떱뿉맛ꎬ벴얩튵뿆벼춶죫뛔짧믡뺭볃뢣샻뻟폐쏷쿔뗄듙뷸킧펦ꆣ(2)죴쫐뎡췪좫뾪럅ꎬ얩튵뿆퇐춶죫퓶볓뗄쫜틦헟뷶캪짺닺헟ꎬ쿻럑헟뗄뢣샻캪쇣ꆣ웤풭틲훷튪쫇평폚얩닺욷뗄볛룱늻좡뻶폚맺쓚쫐뎡뗄릩쟳ힴ뿶ꎬ탨쟳떯탔컞쟮듳ꆣ(3)죴쫐뎡췪좫늻뾪럅뛸쟒얩닺욷릩쟳떯탔뷏킡ꎬ얩튵뿆퇐춶죫뗄쫜틦헟좫늿캪쿻럑헟ꎬ짺닺헟뢣샻캪뢺쫽ꆣ틲캪헢쪱볛룱쿂붵럹뛈듳폚짺닺뗄퓶뎤럹뛈ꆣ(4)쒿잰ꎬ컒맺뗄쫐뎡뾪럅돌뛈횻쓜뒦폚뛾헟횮볤ꎬ벴퓶볓얩튵뿆퇐춶죫뗄쫜틦헟늻뷶쫇짺닺ꎬ튲폐쿻럑헟ꆣ 뇭1-1쿔쪾늻춬뗄쫐뎡뾪럅돌뛈뛔짺닺헟폫쿻럑헟뢣샻뗄펰쿬닮틬ꆣA쫐뎡뇭쪾얩닺욷쫐뎡쫇뷩폚랽낸ꋱ(췪좫뾪럅뗄쫐뎡)뫍랽낸ꋲ(췪좫늻뾪럅뗄쫐뎡)횮볤ꎬ솽헟룷햼50%ꎻB쫐뎡뇭쪾랽낸ꋱ햼60%ꎬ랽낸ꋲ햼40%ꎻC쫐뎡뇭쪾랽낸ꋱ햼2/3ꎬ랽낸ꋲ햼1/3ꆣ쫐뎡평A떽C뇭쪾쫐뎡뾪럅돌뛈훰붥쳡룟ꆣ쯦ퟅ쫐뎡뾪럅돌뛈뗄퓶볓ꎬ얩튵뿆퇐춶죫쯹듸살뗄짧믡ퟜ뢣샻쯤싔폐쳡룟ꎬ떫믹놾컈뚨ꆣ펰쿬ퟮ듳뗄쫇샻틦럖엤뗄뇤뮯ꆣ뇭쏷퓚쫐뎡뾪럅돌뛈듯떽B틔잰ꎬ뿆퇐춶쯹닺짺뗄뢣샻뗄듳늿럖붫평쿻럑헟믱뗃ꎬ짺닺헟뷶뗃떽뿆벼뷸늽쯹닺짺뗄킧틦뗄41%틔쿂ꆣ뇭1-1뮹쮵쏷ꎬ쯦ퟅ쫐뎡뾪럅돌뛈뗄퓶볓ꎬ뿆퇐춶죫룸짺닺헟쯹듸살뗄뢣샻튲퓚퓶볓ꎬ뇭쏷퓶볓얩튵뿆벼춶죫뿉틔듳듳퓶볓얩쏱쫕죫ꆣ뮻뻤뮰쮵ꎬ죧맻튪죃짺닺헟듓뿆벼뷸늽훐뗃떽뷏룟뗄쫕틦ꎬ뇘탫훰붥럅뾪얩닺욷쫐 18
탂붮얩튵듳톧쮶쪿톧캻싛컄 뎡ꆣ쯦ퟅ컒맺볓죫쫀쎳ퟩ횯ꎬ얩닺욷쫐뎡튲풽살풽뾪럅ꎬ쿲쫐뎡C짵훁룼룟닣듎랢햹ꆣ듓뎤풶뾴ꎬ헢럇뎣폐샻폚얩쏱쫕죫뗄쳡룟ꎬ얩쏱ퟜ뢣샻퓶뎤튲믡풽뛠ꆣ떫평폚컒맺떱잰얩튵뿆퇐춶죫늻ퟣꎬ뿆퇐춶죫믺훆듦퓚튻뚨컊쳢ꎬ쪹헢튻믺폶듸룸컒쏇뗄샻틦퓶뎤뮺싽ꎬ헢튲쫇쒿잰얩쏱퓶쫕쓑뗄튻룶훘튪틲쯘ꆣ쯹틔ꎬ뇘탫힡헢튻믺폶ꎬ닉좡폐킧뗄듫쪩ꎬ뷢뻶얩튵뿆퇐춶죫듦퓚뗄컊쳢ꎬ듙뷸얩쏱쫕죫뿬쯙퓶뎤뫍얩듥뺭볃뗄랢햹ꆣ 뇭1-1 늻춬쫐뎡뾪럅돌뛈쿂짺닺헟뢣샻폫쿻럑헟뢣샻뗄뇤뮯 Table 1-1 Changes of the welfare between the producers and consumers in the different market opening 쫐뎡뾪럅돌뛈쇩쏴뛈럖컶 뢣샻뇤뮯ꎨ틚풪ꎩ 뢣샻뇈샽뇤뮯% 쫐뎡 랽낸ꋱ 랽낸ꋲ 짺닺헟뢣샻 쿻럑헟뢣샻 짧믡ퟜ뢣샻 짺닺헟뢣샻 쿻럑헟뢣샻 A 50% 50% 25 75 B 60% 40% 41 59 C 2/3 1/3 52 48 십뿋쮼뗄뺭볃퓶뎤샭싛 뺡맜맅뗤헾훎뺭볃톧뗄듺뇭죋컯퇇떱ꆤ쮹쏜뫍듳컀ꆤ샮볎춼뚼퓸퇐뺿맽뺭볃퓶뎤컊쳢ꎬ떫쾵춳뗘퇐뺿뺭볃퓶뎤컊쳢ꎬ붨솢췪헻뗄뺭볃퓶뎤샭싛뗄좴쫇십뿋쮼ꆣ퓚ꆶ놾싛ꆷ뗚뛾뻭훐ꎬ십뿋쮼쪹폃뷡릹럖컶뫍뻹뫢럖컶랽램ꎬ퇐뺿쇋놾훷틥퓶뎤맽돌ꎬ붨솢쇋뗚튻룶뺭볃퓶뎤쒣탍——십뿋쮼뗄짧믡퓙짺닺쒣탍ꎬ쪵훊짏뻍쫇십뿋쮼뗄퓶뎤쒣탍ꆣ퓚십뿋쮼뗄짧믡퓙짺닺쒣탍훐ꎬ춶쫇맺쏱쫕죫(짧믡ퟜ닺횵)퓶뎤뗄뻶뚨틲쯘ꆣ 쯎퓲탐[92]룹뻝십뿋쮼뗄퓙짺닺쒣탍췆떼돶십뿋쮼뗄퓶뎤쒣탍ꎬ쳡돶십뿋쮼퓙짺닺뺭볃퓶뎤싊쫇평쪣폠볛횵믽샛싊ꆢ놾폐믺릹돉뫍쪣폠볛횵싊죽틲쯘뻶뚨뗄ꆣ퇮볌맺[93]룹뻝십뿋쮼뗄퓙짺닺쒣탍췆떼돶뗄퓶뎤쒣탍캪g=k/v+m÷c+v/v+mꆣ웤훐ꎬk/v+m캪뒢탮싊ꎬc+v/v+m캪놾닺돶싊ꆣ틲듋ꎬ십뿋쮼뗄퓶뎤쒣탍훐뺭볃퓶뎤싊쫇평춶싊(뒢탮싊)폫놾닺돶싊솽룶틲쯘뻶뚨ꆣ 십뿋쮼뗄뺭볃퓶뎤쒣탍뇭쏷ꎬ퓚샍뚯솦릩룸맽쪣뗄쳵볾쿂ꎬ뻶뚨튻맺뺭볃퓶뎤뗄틲쯷쫇놾춶뗄퓶뎤싊뫍벼쫵뷸늽뗄쯙뛈ꆣ퓚뛌웚쓚ꎬ벼쫵뷸늽뗄쯙뛈쫇폐쿞뗄ꎬ쯹틔ꎬ뺭볃퓶뎤훷튪뾿춶살삭뚯ꆣ퓚뎤웚쓚ꎬ풴풼쫸쪹뗃놾릩룸쫜떽쿞훆ꎬ뺭볃퓶뎤훷튪틀뾿벼쫵뷸늽살췆뚯ꆣ룹뻝헢튻뷡싛ꎬ컒맺뗄뺭볃랢햹헾닟튲펦폐뛌웚뫍뎤웚횮럖ꆣ1 9
탂붮닆헾얩튵뿆벼춶죫믺훆퇐뺿 뛌웚헾닟펦ퟅ훘폚룄짆춶뮷뺳ꎬ맄샸춶ꎬ삩듳뻍튵ꆣ뎤웚헾닟뗄훘뗣퓲펦룃쫇룄짆뷌폽뫍뿆퇐뮷뺳ꎬ볓듳뿆톧퇐뺿뫍뾪랢뗄솦뛈ꎬ쳡룟ퟔ훷뒴탂쓜솦ꎬ춬쪱얬솦쳡룟뿆퇐돉맻뗄컼쫕뫍뮯쓜솦ꎬ쪹벼쫵뷸늽돉캪뺭볃퓶뎤뗄훷튪췆뚯솦[94]ꆣ 듓샭싛짏뾴ꎬ헢튻퇐뺿랽램뛔뫳쫀뗄뺭볃퓶뎤퇐뺿닺짺쇋훘듳뗄펰쿬ꆣ듓쪵볹훐뾴ꎬ십뿋쮼뗄퇐뺿캪뷢뻶펰쿬뺭볃돖탸퓶뎤뗄뷡릹컊쳢ퟶ돶쇋훘튪릱쿗ꆣ 퇐뺿뷡릹ꆢ퇐뺿랽램폫퇐뺿쒿뇪 퇐뺿뷡릹 놾퇐뺿평죽늿럖릲쇹헂ퟩ돉ꆣ뗚튻늿럖캪샭싛퇐뺿ꎬ냼삨ꎺ뗚튻헂ퟜ싛ꎬퟅ훘뷩짜놾퇐뺿뗄퇐뺿놳뺰ꆢ틢틥ꆢ퇐뺿랽램ꆢ퇐뺿쒿뇪벰뒴탂횮뒦뗈ꎬ틔벰맺쓚췢퇐뺿ퟛ쫶벰퇐뺿뗄샭싛틀뻝ꎬ캪놾퇐뺿쳡릩샭싛뷨본ꆣ뗚뛾늿럖캪쪵횤럖컶ꎬ냼삨ꎺ뗚뛾헂뫍뗚죽헂ꎬ훷튪퓋폃뚨탔럖컶폫뚨솿럖컶쿠뷡뫏뗄랽램ꎬ뛔탂붮닆헾얩튵뿆벼춶죫뗄쿖ힴꆢ춶죫훐듦퓚뗄컊쳢벰웤폫탂붮얩튵뺭볃랢햹ꆢ얩쏱퓶쫕뗄맘쾵뷸탐럖컶퇐뺿ꆣ뗚죽늿럖캪뛔닟퇐뺿ꎬ냼삨ꎺ뗚쯄헂탂붮얩튵뿆벼춶죫탂믺훆뗄릹붨ꎻ뗚컥헂탂붮닆헾횧돖얩튵뿆벼춶죫뗄쿠맘헾닟붨틩ꎻ뗚쇹헂퇐뺿뷡싛뫍퇐뺿듦퓚뗄늻ퟣꆣ 퇐뺿랽램 놾퇐뺿퓚헜톧랽램짏ꎬ볡돖틔십뿋쮼훷틥캪횸떼ꎬퟱ톭캨컯뇧횤램뗄믹놾쮼쿫ꎬ샎만쫷솢뿆톧랢햹맛ꎬ뛔쿖듺컷랽뺭볃샭싛벰헜톧쮼쿫뷸탐컼쫕뫍퓋폃ꆣ퓚듳솿퓄뛁맺쓚췢폐맘얩튵뿆벼춶죫뗄컄쿗뗄믹뒡짏ꎬ췪돉맺쓚췢퇐뺿ퟛ쫶ꆣ춨맽닩퓄춳볆쓪본ꆢ폐맘늿쏅쓚늿쇏ꎬ랢럅뗷닩뇭뗈랽램믱좡폐맘탂붮닆헾얩튵뿆벼춶죫뗄룷샠쫽뻝ꎬ늢뛔웤뷸탐짮죫뗄럖컶ꎬ쏾쟥탂붮닆헾얩튵뿆벼춶죫쿖ힴꆣ뛔탂붮닆헾얩튵뿆벼춶죫벰웤뛔탂붮얩튵뺭볃랢햹ꆢ얩쏱퓶쫕뗄맘쾵뗈닉폃뚨솿럖컶ꎬ뛸뛔캴살얩튵뿆벼춶죫뗄랽쿲ꆢ믺훆뗈퓲닉폃뚨탔럖컶뗄랽램뷸탐퇐뺿ꆣ평폚얩튵뿆벼춶죫쫇튻룶뢴퓓뗄쾵춳ꎬ볈짦벰떽늻춬뗄샻틦좺쳥ꎬ폖짦벰떽늻춬뗄샺쪷쪱웚ꎻ볈짦벰떽탂붮뗄닺튵헾닟ꎬ폖짦벰떽탂붮뗄뺭볃헾닟ꎬ틲듋닉폃쾵춳럖컶램ꎬ냑얩튵뿆벼춶죫춬웤쯻쿠맘틲쯘뷡뫏웰살뷸탐퇐뺿ꆣ춨맽뛔맺쓚췢폐맘뿆벼춶죫뗄퇐뺿컄쿗뷸탐좫쏦쫕벯ꎬ훘뗣뛔헢킩컄쿗훐폐맘얩튵뿆벼 20
탂붮얩튵듳톧쮶쪿톧캻싛컄 춶죫믺훆뗄컄쿗뷸탐짮죫럖컶ꆢ뇈뷏퇐뺿뫍헻뫏맩쓉ꎬ릹붨쫊뫏탂붮쟩뿶뗄닆헾얩튵뿆벼춶죫믺훆ꎬ늢쳡돶쿠맘헾닟붨틩ꆣ 퇐뺿쒿뇪 놾퇐뺿쾣췻춨맽샭싛퇐뺿뫍쪵횤럖컶솦쟳듯떽틔쿂솽룶쒿뇪ꎺ (1)뛔탂붮닆헾얩튵뿆벼춶죫쿖ힴ벰웤듦퓚컊쳢뗄쪵횤럖컶ꎻ (2)듙뷸탂붮닆헾얩튵뿆벼춶죫쪹폃킧싊탂믺훆뗄짨볆벰헾닟붨틩ꆣ 믹놾룅쓮뷧뚨 얩튵뿆벼춶죫뗄쓚몭 평폚튻맺얩튵뿆벼춶죫듸폐뾪럅쾵춳뗄탭뛠쳘헷ꎬ쫀뷧룷맺(뗘쟸)뛔얩튵뿆벼춶죫좷뚨뗄쓚몭폫췢퇓뫜늻튻훂ꎬ춳볆뿚뺶닮틬뷏듳ꎬ듦퓚뫜뛠헹틩ꆣ쒿잰ꎬ퓚톧쫵뷧뇈뷏웕뇩뷓쫜뗄룅쓮쫇ꎺ얩튵뿆벼춶죫횸튻룶맺볒믲뗘쟸튻뚨쪱웚쓚쎿쓪폃폚얩튵뿆톧퇐뺿폫벼쫵췆맣뗄ퟜ횧돶ꎬ훷튪냼삨얩튵뿆퇐뫍얩튵벼쫵췆맣솽랽쏦뷰뗄뫏샭엤훃뫍폐킧쪹폃ꆣ헢샯쯹횸뗄얩튵쫇듳얩튵뗄룅쓮ꎬ춨뎣냼몬얩ꆢ쇖ꆢ쮮ꆢ웸뗈늿쏅ꎬ뻟쳥쇬폲훮죧훖횲튵ꆢ퇸횳튵ꆢ쇖튵ꆢ얩쇖닺욷볓릤ꆢ풴샻폃ꆢ뮷뺳붨짨틔벰폫얩튵쿠맘뗄쮮샻ꆢ웸쿳ꆢ횧얩릤튵뗈뗈(뫎샻믔ꎬ2003)ꆣ 듓맣틥짏붲ꎬ얩튵뿆벼춶죫럖횱뷓춶죫폫볤뷓춶죫ꆣ횱뷓춶죫춨뎣횸죋솦ꆢ컯솦뫍닆솦뗄춶죫ꎬퟮ훕뇭쿖퓚뺭럑뗄춶죫짏ꆣ돽쇋횱뷓뺭럑춶죫틔췢ꎬ닆헾뗄튻쾵쇐쮰쫕폅믝헾닟볤뷓뗘춶쿲뿆벼뒴탂뫍룟탂벼쫵닺튵ꆣ 뿆벼춶죫폐뛠훖뮮럖랽램ꎬ웤훐ퟮ훷튪뗄쫇내춶죫훷쳥ꆢ뿍쳥뫍춶쿲뗄늻춬살뮮럖ꆣ듓훷쳥뗄뷇뛈뾴ꎬ훷튪폐맺볒ꆢ웳튵뫍웤쯻ퟩ횯ꎻ듓뿍쳥(횴탐늿쏅)뗄뷇뛈뾴ꎬ훷튪폐뿆퇐풺쯹ꆢ룟뗈톧킣ꆢ웳튵뫍웤쯻늿쏅ꎻ듓뿆퇐뺭럑뗄쇷쿲(뿆벼믮뚯샠탍)뾴ꎬ훷튪폐믹뒡퇐뺿ꆢ펦폃퇐뺿뫍쫔퇩랢햹ꆣ 춨뎣쟩뿶쿂ꎬ튻룶맺볒뗄얩튵뿆벼춶죫폫웤얩튵뿆퇐쳥훆쏜쟐쿠맘ꎬ튲폫놾맺쿖탐뗄헾훎쳥훆폫뺭볃쳥훆폐뫜듳뗄맘쾵ꆣ 2 1
탂붮닆헾얩튵뿆벼춶죫믺훆퇐뺿 얩튵뿆퇐춶죫뗄쓚몭 얩튵뿆퇐춶죫ꎬ맋쏻쮼틥뻍쫇캪듙뷸얩튵랢햹뷸탐뗄룷훖퇐뺿믮뚯쯹춶죫뗄횱뷓뫍볤뷓럑폃횮뫍ꆣ얩튵뿆퇐춶죫쫇얩튵뿆벼춶죫뗄튻늿럖ꎬ튲뿉틔뾴ퟷ쫇얩튵뿆벼춶죫뗄튻룶ퟓ벯ꆣ쯼쫇얩튵뿆벼춶죫훐폃폚뿆톧퇐뺿뗄늿럖ꎬ쫇캪듙뷸얩튵랢햹뷸탐뗄룷훖퇐뺿믮뚯쯹춶죫뗄횱뷓뫍볤뷓럑폃횮뫍ꆣ컒맺얩튵뿆퇐춶죫뻟쳥냼삨좫맺듓훐퇫떽뗘랽(쿘벰쿘틔쿂)럾컱폚얩ꆢ쇖ꆢ쓁ꆢ폦튵벰웤럾컱튵쯹폐뿆퇐믺릹뗄헾뢮늦뿮ꆢ럇헾뢮늦뿮쫕죫폫룟뗈얩쇖풺킣퇐뺿폫랢햹뺭럑쫕죫(냼삨헾뢮늦죫뗄뿆퇐쫂튵럑ꆢ훷맜늿쏅쿮럑ꆢ웤쯻헾뢮늿쏅쿮럑ꆢ웳쫂튵떥캻캯췐뺭럑ꆢ룷훖쫕죫훐캪퇐뺿폫랢햹뗄뺭럑벰웤쯻살풴뗄폃폚퇐뺿폫랢햹뗄럑폃)뗄ퟜ뫍ꆣ 얩튵뿆퇐춶쫜룷뗘헾훎ꆢ컄뮯ꆢ풴ꎬ쳘뇰쫇뺭볃쪵솦훮틲쯘뗄쿞훆ꎬ늻춬뗄맺볒믲뗘쟸춶뗄뻸뛔쫽뫍쿠뛔쫽듦퓚ퟅ쿔훸뗄닮틬ꆣ 내헕춶죫살풴ꎬ뿉붫얩튵뿆퇐춶듓뫪맛짏뮮럖캪헾뢮춶죫ꆢ럇헾뢮춶죫ꆢ뷨듻뿮뫍웤쯻쯄늿럖ꎬ웤훐맺볒뷰폖쾸럖캪ꎺ헾뢮닆헾뷰ꆢ얩튵뿆퇐믺릹ퟔ짭춶죫ꆢ얩쇖룟뗈풺킣뿆퇐춶죫죽늿럖ꎻ짧믡뷰뻟쳥몭룇쇋쮽죋뫍쏱볤뿆퇐믺릹춶죫ꆢ닺튵뮯쇺춷웳튵춶죫ꆢ훆뗄얩튵뿆퇐믺릹춶죫죽늿럖ꎻ뷨듻뿮훷튪살ퟔ폚뷰죚믺릹뗄뷨뿮뫍짏벶닆헾훷맜늿쏅뗄뷨듻뿮ꎬ쫇뛾헟횮뫍ꆣ웤쯻뷰쫇횸돽틔짏뷰살풴췢뗄쯹폐뷰ꆣ 훚뛠컄쿗훐쯹횸뗄얩튵쫇듳얩튵뗄룅쓮ꎬ춨뎣냼몬얩ꆢ쇖ꆢ쮮ꆢ웸쿳뗈늿쏅ꎬ뻟쳥쇬폲냼삨훖횲튵ꆢ퇸횳튵ꆢ쇖튵ꆢ얩쇖닺욷볓릤ꆢ풴샻폃ꆢ뮷뺳붨짨틔벰폫얩튵쿠맘뗄쮮샻ꆢ웸쿳ꆢ횧얩릤튵뗈뗈ꆣ놾퇐뺿죏캪풴샻폃ꆢ뮷뺳붨짨ꆢ쮮샻ꆢ웸쿳ꆢ횧얩릤튵뗈펦쫇캪좫짧믡럾컱뗄ꎬ맊퓚쳖싛쪱늻붫웤쓉죫얩튵랶캧ꆣ 톧쫵뷧뇈뷏웕뇩뷓쫜뗄얩튵뿆벼춶죫냼삨얩튵뿆퇐뫍얩튵벼쫵췆맣솽랽쏦뷰뗄뫏샭엤훃뫍폐킧쪹폃ꆣ평폚탂붮얩튵벼쫵췆맣랽쏦뗄뺭럑춶죫쎻폐뿉뾿뗄쫽뻝살풴ꎬ맊놾퇐뺿퓚쳖싛탂붮닆헾얩튵뿆벼춶죫컊쳢쪱뷶쿞폚쳖싛닆헾얩튵뿆퇐춶죫늿럖ꆣ 닆헾얩튵뿆퇐춶죫냼삨횱뷓춶죫뫍볤뷓춶죫솽늿럖ꆣ웤훐볤뷓춶죫늿럖ꎬ벴춨맽쮰쫕폅믝뗈쯹탎돉뗄닆헾뿆벼횧돶ꎬ늻횻쫇탂붮ꎬ뻍쫇퓚좫맺ꎬ쒿잰뮹쎻폐튻룶좨췾맦랶뗄춳볆뷡맻ꎬ맊놾퇐뺿퓚쳖싛쪱뷶뾼싇횱뷓춶죫늿럖ꆣ 22
탂붮얩튵듳톧쮶쪿톧캻싛컄 퓚컒맺뗄얩튵뿆벼춶죫쳥쾵훐ꎬ뿆벼죽쿮럑쫇뿆벼춶죫뺭럑뗄뫋탄늿럖ꆣ맺볊짏튲춨뎣폃뿆벼죽쿮럑ퟷ캪뿆퇐뺭럑뗄훘튪횸뇪뷸탐맺볊뇈뷏ꆣ평폚탂붮얩튵뿆퇐춶죫볈폐살ퟔ랢룄캯ꆢ뿆벼늿쏅뗄ꎬ튲폐살ퟔ닆헾늿쏅뫍얩튵ꆢ쇖튵ꆢ탳쓁뗈얩뿚늿쏅뗄ꎬ뷶뛔얩튵뿆벼죽쿮럑헢튻쿮뗄맜샭ꎬ볈폐닆헾늿쏅뫍뿆벼늿쏅릲춬맜샭뗄ꎬ튲폐뿆벼늿쏅폫얩튵ꆢ쇖튵ꆢ탳쓁뗈얩뿚훷맜늿쏅릲춬맜샭뗄ꎬ룷횧얩짦얩늿쏅횮볤뻍듦퓚ퟅ퇏훘뗄횰쓜붻닦뫍훘뗾ꆣ본폚룷늿쏅춳볆뿚뺶닮틬뷏듳ꎬ쇏뗄믱좡뻟폐쿠떱듳뗄쓑뛈ꎬ틲듋ꎬ놾퇐뺿퓚쳖싛탂붮닆헾얩튵뿆퇐춶죫컊쳢쪱ꎬ틔춳볆쓪본ꆢ탂붮뿆벼쳼훷뇠뗄ꆶ탂붮뿆벼릤ퟷ쓪뛈놨룦ꆷꆢ맺쓚릫뾪랢탐뗄웚뾯쯹릫뾪뗄쫽뻝벰듓탂붮뿆벼쳼쓚늿쇏훐믱좡뗄뿆벼죽쿮럑춶죫쫽뻝캪ힼꎬ훷튪쳖싛탂붮뿆벼쳼뿆벼볆뮮랶캧쓚냼삨훖횲튵ꆢ쇖맻튵ꆢ탳쓁튵벰얩쇖닺욷볓릤튵뗈퓚쓚뗄얩튵뿆벼죽쿮럑춶죫쟩뿶ꆣ 퇐뺿뗄쳘즫폫뒴탂횮뒦 놾퇐뺿틔탂붮헢튻잷랢듯뗄짙쫽쏱ퟥ뻛뻓쟸뗄헾훎ꆢ짧믡ꆢ뺭볃캪놳뺰ꎬ(1)뗷닩쇋탂붮닆헾얩튵뿆벼춶죫뗄쿖ힴꎬ첽쳖쇋춶죫훐듦퓚뗄컊쳢ꎬ샻폃믒즫맘솪럖컶램뛔탂붮닆헾얩튵뿆벼춶죫폫얩튵뺭볃퓶뎤ꆢ얩쏱쫕죫퓶볓횮볤뗄맘쾵뷸탐쇋럖컶ꎻ(2)뷡뫏뛠쓪릤ퟷ쪵볹ꎬ퓚돤럖컼쫕잰죋퇐뺿돉맻늢뺭맽랴뢴죏헦쮼뾼뗄믹뒡짏ꎬ릹붨쇋탂붮닆헾얩튵뿆벼춶죫탂믺훆ꎬ늢뻝듋쳡돶쇋튻쾵쇐쳹뷼탂붮쿖쪵탨튪뗄헾닟붨틩ꆣ 2 3
탂붮닆헾얩튵뿆벼춶죫믺훆퇐뺿 뗚2헂 탂붮닆헾얩튵뿆벼춶죫뗄뇤잨샺돌폫쿖ힴ럖컶 탂붮닆헾얩튵뿆벼춶죫뗄뇤잨샺돌 볆뮮뺭볃쪱웚뗄탂붮닆헾얩튵뿆벼춶죫 1978쓪틔잰ꎬ퓚볆뮮뺭볃쳥훆쿂ꎬ탂붮뗄얩튵뿆벼춶죫살풴믹놾짏쫇떥튻쟾뗀ꎬ훷튪살ퟔ헾뢮닆헾풤쯣뗄늦뿮ꆣ쓇쪱냑뿆퇐떥캻뾴ퟷ쫇떥뒿뗄쿻럑늿쏅ꎬ뛔얩튵뿆퇐뗄춶죫믹놾짏닉좡“춳쫕춳횧”뗄탎쪽ꎬ벴뿆퇐떥캻쯹탨뺭럑횧돶좫늿평맺볒풤쯣늦뿮ꎬ쫕죫좫늿짏뷉맺볒닆헾ꆣ헢훖맜샭탎쪽폐샻폚헾뢮뛔뿆퇐떥캻뗄닆컱쫕횧뷸탐좫쏦맜샭뫍볠뚽ꎬ늢쪹뿆퇐떥캻뗄뺭럑탨쟳뗃떽믹놾놣횤ꆣ떫쫇ꎬ헢훖닆컱맜샭탎쪽튲듦퓚뫜뛠뇗뛋ꎺ튻쫇헾뢮냼뗃맽뛠ꆢ춳뗃맽쯀ꎬ퓬돉뿆퇐떥캻돔맺볒뗄“듳맸랹”ꎬ뿆벼죋풱돔떥캻뗄“듳맸랹”ꎬ늻샻폚뗷뚯떥캻뫍룶죋뗄믽벫탔ꎻ뛾쫇떥뒿틀뾿탐헾쫖뛎맜샭뿆벼릤ퟷꎬ떼훂뿆퇐떥캻뾿맺볒룸죎컱ꆢ룸뺭럑ꎬ좱랦훷뚯캪뺭볃붨짨럾컱뗄믮솦ꎬ뿆퇐릤ퟷ폫뺭볃붨짨췑뷚ꎻ죽쫇뺭럑살풴쟾뗀떥튻ꎬ늻쓜싺ퟣ퇐뺿릤ퟷ뗄탨튪ꆣ헢뻍쪹뗃뿆벼죋풱뗄ퟷ폃쓑틔돤럖랢믓ꎬ뛸쟒뿆퇐떥캻튲좱랦ퟔ컒랢햹뗄쓜솦ꆣ 룄룯뾪럅뫳뗄탂붮닆헾얩튵뿆벼춶죫 룄룯뾪럅틔뫳ꎬ뿆벼쳥훆룄룯틔살ꎬ얩튵뿆벼춶죫살풴뛠풪뮯뗄쟷쫆죕붥퓶잿ꎬ떫닆헾얩튵뿆벼춶죫죔쫇탂붮얩튵뿆벼춶죫뗄훘튪쟾뗀ꎬ늢폐킧뗘랢믓쇋훷떼ퟷ폃ꆣ탂붮닆헾얩튵뿆벼춶죫냼삨얩튵뿆톧쫂튵럑ꆢ얩튵뿆벼죽쿮럑(몬훐퇫닆헾늦뿮)뫍얩튵뿆벼믹놾붨짨뺭럑ꎬ웤훐얩튵뿆톧쫂튵럑뫍얩튵뿆벼죽쿮럑퓚뿆벼늦뿮ퟜ뛮훐햼뻸듳늿럖ꆣ (1)얩튵뿆톧쫂튵럑 탂붮뗄얩튵뿆톧쫂튵럑냼삨얩튵뿆퇐믺릹ꆢ룷벶얩튵뿆벼맜샭늿쏅뫍얩튵뿆벼췅쳥뗄쫂튵럑ꎬ틔벰얩튵쫂튵럑샠훐늿쏅뗄“뿆톧퇐뺿럑”ꆣ 1979ꎭ1985쓪쪵탐늻춬탎쪽뗄떥캻풤쯣냼룉맜샭냬램ꆣ뿆퇐떥캻풤쯣냼룉뗄훷튪쓚죝폐ꎺꋙ좫뛮풤쯣냼룉ꎬ벴닆헾늿쏅맦뚨뗄쓪뛈뺭럑풤쯣쫽뛮좫늿냼룉룸뿆퇐떥캻ꎬ뎬횧늻늹ꎬ뷡폠쇴폃ꎻꋚ뚨뛮풤쯣냼룉ꎬ벴닆헾늿쏅뛔뿆퇐떥캻퓚뫋뚨뗄쓪뛈뺭럑풤쯣쓚ꎬ 24
탂붮얩튵듳톧쮶쪿톧캻싛컄 뛔웤훐쒳룶쿮쒿믲벸룶쿮쒿좷뚨횧돶뛮뛈ꎬ냼룉룸떥캻쪹폃ꎬ뎬횧늻늹ꎬ뷡폠쇴폃ꎻꋛ룹뻝닆컱맜샭쮮욽뫍쪵볊쟩뿶ꎬ냼룉뗄랶캧룷늻쿠춬ꎬ폐뗄듓훷맜늿쏅떽믹닣뿆퇐떥캻훰벶냼룉ꎬ폐뗄뛔훷맜늿쏅늻냼ꎬ횻냼믹닣떥캻ꆣ 1986쓪뾪쪼뻍뿆톧쫂튵럑뷸탐뿆벼늦뿮훆뛈룄룯ꎬ뛔뿆퇐떥캻뗄닆컱쪵탐럖샠맜샭ꆣ쯦ퟅ뿆벼쳥훆뗄룄룯ꎬ캧죆뇤뿆벼릤ퟷ뗄퓋탐믺훆틔벰볓잿뿆퇐닆컱맜샭ꆢ쳡룟뷰뗄쪹폃킧틦ꎬ뛔짧믡릫틦쫂튵ꆢ얩튵뗈짧믡럾컱샠탍뗄뿆퇐떥캻ꎬ뿆톧쫂튵럑죔평맺볒늦룸ꎬ늢내뺭럑폫죎컱맒릳뗄풭퓲ꎬ쪵탐좫뛮풤쯣맜샭냬램ꆣ 1997쓪뾪쪼ꎬ탂붮쪵탐쇋뫋뚨쫕횧ꆢ뚨뛮믲헟뚨쿮늹훺ꆢ뎬횧늻늹ꆢ뷡폠쇴폃뗄풤쯣맜샭냬램ꆣ뛔냼삨얩튵뿆퇐떥캻퓚쓚뗄ꆢ훷튪듓쫂샭싛퇐뺿ꆢ믹뒡퇐뺿뫍짧믡릫틦퇐뺿뗄떥캻ꎬ틔벰맺볒뢳폨튵뗄럾컱뫍맜샭횰쓜뗄떥캻쪵탐뚨뛮믲헟뚨쿮늹훺ꆣ 2000쓪탂붮뾪쪼뗷헻얩튵뿆벼춶죫횧돶뷡릹ꎬ믽벫췆뷸뿆벼쳥훆룄룯ꆣ퓚탂붮죋쏱헾뢮냬릫쳼랢뗄ꆶ맘폚ퟔ훎쟸쫴뿆퇐믺릹짮뮯룄룯뗄쪵쪩랽낸ꆷ훐맦뚨“뿆퇐믺릹훆웚볤ꎬ탂붮닆헾튪놣돖뿆벼춶죫ퟜ뛮뗄훰쓪뗝퓶ꎬ놣돖풭폐뿆톧쫂튵럑뗄쟾뗀늻뇤ꆣ탂붮뿆캯뗷헻뿆톧쫂튵럑뗄쪹폃랽쿲ꎬ뿆톧쫂튵럑뗄퓶솿늿럖붫훘뗣횧돖쪵탐훆뗄뿆퇐믺릹뗄룄룯폫랢햹ꎻ뿆톧쫂튵럑뗄듦솿늿럖붫폫뿆벼쿮쒿폫죎컱맒릳ꎬ쯹폐뿆퇐믺릹뻹뿉틔춨맽헹좡뿆벼쿮쒿뫍죎컱ꎬ믱뗃뿆톧쫂튵럑ꎬ헦헽쪹‘퇸죋’뗄잮뇤돉‘룉쫂’뗄잮”ꆣ 2005쓪웰ꎬ탂붮내닆헾풤쯣쳥훆룄룯뗄튪쟳쪵탐늿쏅풤쯣맜샭ꆣ쪵탐늿쏅풤쯣뫳ꎬ얩튵뿆벼춶죫폐쇋튻뚨뗄퓶뎤ꆣ룹뻝뿆퇐믺릹럖샠맜샭뗄쪵볊쟩뿶ꎬ뛔냼삨얩튵뿆퇐떥캻퓚쓚뗄짧믡릫틦샠뿆퇐믺릹뗄풤쯣쓉죫믹놾횧돶풤쯣ꆣ2005쓪쿂냫쓪ꎬ퓚늿쏅풤쯣맜샭뗄믹뒡짏ꎬ내탂붮닆헾쳼뗄튪쟳ꎬ뾪쪼뛔뿆벼뺭럑쪵탐맺뿢벯훐횧뢶ꆣ풭살탂붮춨맽뿆벼쳼뷸탐늦뢶뗄뿮쿮ꎬ횱뷓평닆헾맺뿢벯훐횧뢶ꆣ쒿잰뿆벼쳼늿럖풤쯣떥캻뗄뺭럑뫍늿럖뿆벼쿮뷰틑내맺뿢벯훐횧뢶돌탲뷸탐늦뢶[95]ꆣ (2)얩튵뿆벼죽쿮럑 뿆벼죽쿮럑냼삨ꎺ캪횧돖퇐훆탂닺욷뛸짨솢뗄탂닺욷쫔훆럑ꎬ캪벼쫵돉맻폃폚짧믡릤튵뮯짺닺쯹뇘탫뷸탐뗄훐볤쫔퇩럑ꎬ캪횧돖훘튪뗄뿆톧퇐뺿뛸짨솢뗄훘튪뿆톧퇐뺿늹훺럑ꆣ 탂붮얩튵뿆벼죽쿮럑뗄뷰살풴훷튪쫇맺볒닆헾늦뿮뫍뗘랽닆헾늦뿮ꆣ얩튵뿆벼죽2 5
탂붮닆헾얩튵뿆벼춶죫믺훆퇐뺿 쿮럑퓚닆헾풤쯣뫍럑폃맜샭짏폐맽벸듎뇤뚯ꆣ퓚닆헾풤쯣낲업짏ꎬ1967ꎭ1968쓪캪탂닺욷쫔훆럑뫍훐볤쫔퇩럑ꎬ1969ꎭ1972쓪캪탂닺욷쫔훆럑ꎬ1973ꎭ1975쓪캪뿆벼죽쿮럑ꎬ1976ꎭ1977쓪캪탂닺욷쫔훆럑ꎬ1978쓪틔뫳폖룄캪뿆벼죽쿮럑ꆣ퓚럑폃맜샭짏ꎬ탂붮뿆벼쳼훷튪뛔폃폚ퟔ훎쟸뿆톧벼쫵퇐뺿볆뮮쿮쒿(탂닺욷쫔훆ꆢ훐볤쫔퇩ꆢ훘튪뿆퇐)뗄뺭럑뷸탐맜샭ꎬ뺭럑평닆헾내볆뮮늦뢶쿮쒿훷돖늿쏅ꎻ맺볒룷늿캯낲업뗄뿆벼쿮쒿럑폃ꎬퟷ캪ힷ볓ퟔ훎쟸뿆벼죽쿮럑횧돶평룷쿮쒿훷돖늿쏅뫍돐떣떥캻뷸탐맜샭ꆣ (3)얩튵뿆벼믹놾붨짨뺭럑 뿆벼믹놾붨짨뺭럑평맺볒춶뫍뗘랽춶솽늿럖릹돉ꎬ탂붮뿆벼믹붨춶훐폐쿠떱튻늿럖쫇맺볒춶ꆣ탂붮뿆벼믹놾붨짨훁뷱쎻폐떥뛀뗄춶쟾뗀ꎬ훷튪쫇내탐헾솥쫴맘쾵낲업춶ꎬ룷뿆벼믺릹뗄믹붨춶평웤훷맜늿쏅뢺퓰짪놨뫍낲업ꎬퟔ훎쟸뿆벼쳼횻뢺퓰낲업웤횱쫴떥캻뗄믹붨춶ꆣ 뿆벼믹놾붨짨뺭럑훷튪폃폚ퟔ훎쟸벰룷뗘쟸ꆢ늿쏅탂붨뫍삩붨뿆퇐믺릹뗄뿆퇐짨쪩ꆢ짺믮폃랿뫍듳탍틇웷짨놸릺훃뗈뗄뾪횧ꆣ뿆벼믹붨뺭럑쫇룹뻝붨짨쿮쒿뻶뚨뗄ꎬ폐붨짨쿮쒿닅폐춶ꆣ틲듋ꎬ뿆벼믹붨뺭럑룷쓪뛈춶뛮뗄뇤뮯뷏뿆톧쫂튵럑뫍뿆벼죽쿮럑뚼튪듳ꆣퟜ뗄살뾴ꎬ탂붮믹놾붨짨뺭럑뷏짙ꎬ튻킩뿆퇐쪵퇩쫒붨짨ꆢ랿컝캬탞ꆢ힡햬붨짨뗈믹붨쿮쒿헹좡늻떽춶ꎬ뿆퇐뫍짺믮쳵볾뗄룄짆늽싄볨쓑ꆣ 탂붮뗄헻룶뿆벼믹놾붨짨뺭럑춶죫쟩뿶짐쟒죧듋ꎬ얩튵뿆벼믹놾붨짨뺭럑뗄춶죫룼뿉쿫뛸횪ꆣ1985쓪틔살ꎬ듳뛮춶쿮쒿훷튪폐탂붮얩튵뿆톧풺뫍탂붮탳쓁뿆톧풺뗄쪵퇩튵컱슥뫍횰릤힡햬뗈ꆣ 탂붮닆헾얩튵뿆벼춶죫쿖ힴ럖컶 춶죫랶캧 탂붮뗄얩튵뿆벼죽쿮럑훷튪춨맽뿆벼쳼뗄룷쿮뿆벼볆뮮폨틔실쪵ꆣ룹뻝뿆벼볆뮮뗄엤훃쟩뿶ꎬ탂붮뿆벼쳼얩튵뿆벼죽쿮럑춶죫뗄랶캧냼삨ꎺ1.믹뒡탔퇐뺿ꎬ죧ퟔ훎쟸ퟔ좻뿆톧믹뷰볆뮮(1989쓪짨솢)ꎻ2.룟벼쫵퇐뺿ꎬ죧ퟔ훎쟸룟벼쫵퇐뺿랢햹볆뮮(2003쓪웴뚯쪵쪩)ꎻ3.펦폃퇐뺿ꎬ죧ퟔ훎쟸뿆벼릥맘볆뮮(1983쓪짨솢)ꎻ4.뿆벼믹뒡짨쪩뫍쳵볾뮷뺳붨짨ꎬ죧ퟔ훎쟸훘뗣쪵퇩쫒쿮뷰볆뮮(2003쓪짨솢)ꎻ5.횪쪶폫벼쫵뗄닺튵뮯뫍쫐뎡 26
탂붮얩튵듳톧쮶쪿톧캻싛컄 뮯ꎬ죧믰뻦볆뮮(1989쓪뾪쪼쪵쪩)ꆢ뿆벼돉맻뮯쿮뷰볆뮮(2002쓪짨솢)뗈ꎻ6.벼쫵삩즢ꎬ죧탇믰볆뮮(1985쓪쫔뗣ꎬ1986쓪뾪쪼췆탐)ꎻ7.랢햹햽싔폫뻶닟ꎬ죧죭뿆톧퇐뺿볆뮮(1987쓪짨솢)ꎻ8.죋닅엠퇸ꎬ죧짙쫽쏱ퟥ뿆벼죋닅쳘쫢엠퇸볆뮮(2001쓪뾪쪼쪵쪩)뗈뗈ꆣ 춶죫맦쒣뫍뇤뚯쟷쫆 1990ꎭ2005쓪ꎬ탂붮얩튵뿆벼죽쿮럑춶죫ퟜ뛮듓1990쓪뗄461췲풪퓶볓떽쇋2005쓪뗄6135췲풪ꎬퟜ쳥짏돊쿖돶짏짽쟷쫆(뇭2-1)ꆣ쯤ퟜ맦쒣늻뛏짏짽ꎬ떫얩튵뿆벼죽쿮럑퓚헻룶탂붮닆헾ퟜ횧돶훐쯹햼뗄뇈훘뇤뮯좴늢늻듳ꆣ 늻춬샺쪷쪱웚ꎬ탂붮얩튵뿆벼죽쿮럑폐뫜듳뗄뇤뮯ꆣ1997쓪잰얩튵뿆벼죽쿮럑튻횱캬돖퓚500췲풪ퟳ폒헢튻뷏뗍쮮욽ꎬ1997쓪춻웆1000췲풪ꎬ1998쓪듯떽쇋2000췲풪ꆣ샺쪱4쓪ꎬ퓚2002쓪춻웆3000췲풪ꎬ2003쓪톸쯙듯떽쇋ퟮ룟횵8381췲풪ꎬ횮뫳뾪쪼폐쯹믘실ꎬ쪮벸쓪살쪼훕쎻폐듯떽1틚풪ꆣ듓뇭2-1뿉틔뾴돶ꎺ얩튵뿆벼죽쿮럑햼뿆벼죽쿮럑뗄뇈훘ꆢ햼얩튵닆헾횧돶뗄뇈훘ꆢ햼닆헾횧돶뗄뇈훘폫얩튵뿆벼죽쿮럑뗄뇤뮯믹놾튻훂ꎬ럖뇰퓚1997쓪짏쇋튻룶첨뷗ꎬ튲럖뇰퓚2003쓪듯떽쇋룷ퟔ뗄ퟮ듳횵횮뫳뾪쪼믘실ꆣ 2 7
탂붮닆헾얩튵뿆벼춶죫믺훆퇐뺿 뇭2-1 탂붮폃폚얩튵벰뿆벼뗄닆헾횧돶 Table 2-1 Financial expenditure used in agriculture and science and technology in Xinjiang 얩튵뿆벼뿆벼죽쿮럑 얩튵닆헾횧돶 닆헾횧돶 쓪럝 죽 쿮 럑 ퟜ뛮얩튵뿆벼벼벼 ꎨ췲풪ꎩ죽쿮럑쯹ퟜ뛮얩튵뿆 ꎨ췲풪ꎩ 햼뇈훘ꎨ%ꎩꎨ췲풪ꎩ죽쿮럑쯹ퟜ뛮얩튵뿆 죽쿮럑쯹 햼뇈훘ꎨ%ꎩꎨ췲풪ꎩ 햼뇈훘ꎨ%ꎩ 1990 461 3206 56695 478163 1991 507 3094 58836 525349 1992 402 3327 64223 560931 1993 320 4353 67784 647111 1994 553 4721 77632 710962 1995 386 4759 84920 964021 1996 764 7143 96706 1148890 1997 1190 6926 95209 1233534 1998 2000 7909 97088 1459933 1999 2311 10262 108406 1662788 2000 2214 11624 111276 1909529 2001 2846 11995 165188 2633232 2002 3422 20758 181464 3611729 2003 8381 22852 240364 3684676 2004 5697 26181 390401 4210446 2005 6135 35699 388899 5190179 쫽뻝살풴ꎺ뇭훐뿆벼죽쿮럑ퟜ뛮ꆢ얩튵닆헾횧돶ퟜ뛮ꆢ닆헾횧돶ퟜ뛮살풴폚탂붮춳볆쓪본(1991-2006쓪)ꆢ웤폠쫽뻝뻹살풴폚컄쿗[96]ꆣ 춶죫뷡릹벰폅쿈탲 (1)듓춶죫뗄탐튵뾴 붫탂붮뿆벼쳼볆뮮쓚뗄뿆퇐쿮쒿내탐튵뮮럖ꎬ훷튪폐얩튵(냼삨훖횲튵ꆢ쇖맻튵ꆢ퇸횳튵ꆢ얩쇖닺욷볓릤튵뗈)뿆퇐쿮쒿ꆢ릤튵(훷튪냼삨훆퓬튵뗈)뿆퇐쿮쒿벰웤쯻탐튵(훷튪냼삨튽쇆컀짺뗈)뿆퇐쿮쒿ꆣ룹뻝탂붮뿆벼쳼2001ꎭ2006쓪쓚늿쇏ꎬ붫춶죫떽얩튵ꆢ릤튵벰웤쯻탐튵뗄뿆퇐쿮쒿뿆벼죽쿮럑믣ퟜ볆쯣뗃떽뇭2-2ꆣ 듓뇭2-2훐뿉틔뾴돶춶죫떽웤쯻탐튵뿆퇐쿮쒿훐뗄뿆벼죽쿮럑뗄뇈훘쪼훕퓚1/3ꆫ1/2횮볤늨뚯ꎬ듳뛠쫽쓪럝춶죫뇈훘벰쇹쓪욽뻹춶죫뇈훘뻹뎬맽쇋40%ꎻ춶죫떽얩튵뿆퇐쿮쒿훐뗄뿆벼죽쿮럑뇈훘튻횱퓚27%ꆫ47%횮볤엇뮲ꎬ듳뛠쫽쓪럝춶죫뇈훘벰쇹쓪욽뻹춶죫뇈훘뻹뎬맽쇋1/3ꎬ떫뫜짙뎬맽40%ꎻ춶죫떽릤튵뿆퇐쿮쒿훐뗄뿆벼죽쿮럑뇈훘늨뚯쿠뛔뷏듳ꎬퟮ룟쪱뿉뎬맽1/4ꎬퟮ뗍쪱뺹좻뷶뷶횻햼%ꎬ욽뻹뇈훘늻떽20%ꆣ 28
탂붮얩튵듳톧쮶쪿톧캻싛컄 뇭2-2 2001ꎭ2006쓪탂붮룷탐튵뿆퇐쿮쒿뿆벼죽쿮럑쯹햼뇈훘 Table 2-2 The proportion of three expenditures occupied in the scientific research items in all the professions and science and technology of Xinjiang from 2001 to 2006 % 쓪 럝 얩 튵 릤 튵 웤 쯻 탐 튵 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 욽 뻹 쫽뻝살풴ꎺ탂붮뿆벼쳼쓚늿쇏늢볆쯣ꆣ (2)듓춶죫뗄횴탐늿쏅뾴 탂붮돐떣얩튵뿆퇐쿮쒿뗄횴탐늿쏅폐뿆퇐풺쯹ꆢ룟뗈톧킣ꆢ웳튵뫍웤쯻늿쏅ꆣ룹뻝탂붮뿆벼쳼2001ꎭ2006쓪쓚늿쇏ꎬ붫춶죫떽뿆퇐풺쯹ꆢ룟뗈톧킣ꆢ웳튵벰웤쯻늿쏅뗄얩튵뿆퇐쿮쒿뗄뿆벼죽쿮럑믣ퟜ볆쯣뗃떽뇭2-3ꆣ 뇭2-3 2001ꎭ2006쓪탂붮룷횴탐늿쏅얩튵뿆퇐쿮쒿뿆벼죽쿮럑쯹햼뇈훘 Table 2-3 The proportion of three expenditures occupied in all the executive departments of agriculture scientific research items of Xinjiang from 2001 to 2006 % 쓪 럝 뿆 퇐 풺 쯹 룟 뗈 톧 킣 웳 튵 웤 쯻 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 욽 뻹 쫽뻝살풴ꎺ탂붮뿆벼쳼쓚늿쇏늢볆쯣ꆣ 듓뇭2-3훐뿉틔뾴돶ꎺ춶죫떽뿆퇐풺쯹뗄얩튵뿆벼죽쿮럑뇈훘듓2001쓪뗄뷓뷼60%쿂붵떽2006쓪뗄늻ퟣ25%ꎬ쇹쓪욽뻹햼%ꎻ춶죫떽웳튵뫍웤쯻늿쏅뗄얩튵뿆벼죽쿮럑뇈훘쯤폐짽폐붵ꎬ떫ퟜ쳥짏뮹쫇틔짏짽캪훷ꎬ욽뻹뇈훘뻹뷓뷼30%ꎻ춶죫떽룟뗈톧킣뗄얩튵뿆벼죽쿮럑뇈훘돊쿖짏짽쫆춷ꎬ듓2001쓪뗄%짏짽떽2006쓪뗄%ꎬ떫돽쇋퓚2005쓪춶죫뇈훘듯떽%횮췢ꎬ웤폠쓪럝벰쇹쓪욽뻹뇈훘뻹늻뎬맽10%ꆣ2 9
탂붮닆헾얩튵뿆벼춶죫믺훆퇐뺿 뺡맜헾뢮뛔룷횴탐늿쏅뗄얩튵뿆벼죽쿮럑춶죫뇈훘폐쯹뇤뮯ꎬ떫ퟜ쳥짏뛔뿆퇐풺쯹뗄욽뻹춶죫ퟮ룟ꎬ웳튵뫍웤쯻늿쏅듎횮ꎬ룟뗈톧킣ퟮ짙ꆣ (3)듓얩튵쓚늿룷닺튵뾴 얩튵내쓚늿닺튵뷡릹듳훂짏뿉틔뮮럖캪훖횲튵ꆢ쇖맻튵ꆢ퇸횳튵뫍웤쯻(냼삨얩튵믺킵ꆢ얩쇖닺욷볓릤뗈)ꆣ룹뻝탂붮뿆벼쳼2001ꎭ2006쓪쓚늿쇏ꎬ붫춶죫떽훖횲튵ꆢ쇖맻튵ꆢ퇸횳튵벰웤쯻뗄뿆퇐쿮쒿뿆벼죽쿮럑믣ퟜ볆쯣뗃떽뇭2-4ꆣ 뇭2-4 2001ꎭ2006쓪탂붮얩튵쓚늿룷닺튵뿆퇐쿮쒿뿆벼죽쿮럑쯹햼뇈훘 Table 2-4 The proportion of three expenditures in the industries scientific research items and within Xinjiang agriculture from 2001 to 2006 % 쓪 럝 훖 횲 튵 쇖 맻 튵 퇸 횳 튵 웤 쯻 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 욽 뻹 쫽뻝살풴ꎺ탂붮뿆벼쳼쓚늿쇏늢볆쯣ꆣ 듓춶죫뗄닺튵뷡릹뗄뇤뮯뾴ꎬ뿆벼쳼퓚훖횲튵ꆢ쇖맻튵ꆢ퇸횳튵뫍웤쯻뗈랽쏦뗄뿆벼죽쿮럑춶죫쯹햼뇈훘뇤뮯늻튻ꆣ훖횲튵폐쯹쿂붵ꎬ듓2001쓪뗄%쿂붵떽2006쓪뗄%ꎬ쇹쓪욽뻹햼%ꎻ쇖맻튵ꆢ퇸횳튵벰웤쯻뻹폐늻춬돌뛈뗄짏짽ꎬ웤훐쇖맻튵웰럼뷏듳ꎬ퇸횳튵쿠뛔뻹뫢ꎬ싔폐늨뚯ꎬ떫뇤뮯늻쏷쿔ꎬ웤쯻퓚2002쓪춻웆10%틔뫳ꎬ믹놾컈뚨ꆣퟜ쳥짏ꎬ쇹쓪욽뻹뿆벼쳼뛔얩튵쓚늿룷닺튵뗄뿆벼죽쿮럑춶죫훐ꎬ훖횲튵뎬맽쇋1/3ꎬ퇸횳튵뷓뷼1/3ꎬ쇖맻튵붫뷼20%ꎬ웤쯻늻ퟣ15%ꆣ (4)듓뿆벼믮뚯샠탍뾴 뿆벼믮뚯샠탍듳훂뿉룅삨캪믹뒡퇐뺿ꆢ펦폃퇐뺿벰쫔퇩랢햹ꆣ룹뻝탂붮뿆벼릤ퟷ쓪뛈놨룦쳡릩뗄쫽뻝볆쯣뗃뇭2-5ꆣ 듓룷훖뿆벼믮뚯샠탍뗄춶죫뷡릹뇤뮯뾴ꎬ웟쓪떱훐뿆벼쳼뛔믹뒡퇐뺿ꆢ펦폃퇐뺿벰쫔퇩랢햹뗄뿆벼죽쿮럑춶죫뇈훘쿠뛔컈뚨ꎬ룷쓪뛈믹놾짏쎻폐뛠짙뇤뮯ꆣ웤훐쫔퇩랢햹햼쇋뻸듳뇈훘ꎬ뎬맽쇋2/3ꎬ펦폃퇐뺿듎횮ꎬ햼1/4싔뛠튻뗣ꎬ믹뒡퇐뺿욽뻹횻햼%ꎬ 30
탂붮얩튵듳톧쮶쪿톧캻싛컄 ퟮ룟쓪럝튲캴듯떽10%ꆣ 뇭2-5 2000ꎭ2006쓪탂붮룷뿆벼믮뚯샠탍뿆퇐쿮쒿뿆벼죽쿮럑쯹햼뇈훘 Table 2-5 The proportion of three expenditures in the scientific research items scientific and technical activities of Xinjiang from 2000 to 2006 % 쓪 럝 믹뒡퇐뺿 펦폃퇐뺿 쫔퇩랢햹 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 쫽뻝살풴ꎺ탂붮캬컡뛻ퟔ훎쟸뿆톧벼쫵쳼뇠탂붮뿆벼릤ퟷ쓪뛈놨룦(2001-2006쓪)ꆣ 탂붮닆헾얩튵뿆벼춶죫훐듦퓚뗄컊쳢 춶죫뗄쳥훆늻쮳ꎬ듦퓚훆뛈좱쿝 (1)탂붮얩튵뿆퇐쳥쾵볈듦퓚쳵뿩럖룮ꎬ폖듦퓚ퟅ퇏훘뗄횰쓜붻닦ꆢ훘뗾 쒿잰탂붮얩튵뿆벼쳥훆뗄ퟩ횯뿲볜틀좻퇘쾮ퟅ볆뮮뺭볃쳥훆쿂럢뇕뗄탐헾쳵뿩럖룮쳥훆ꆣ헢훖쟩뿶볈떼훂쇋얩튵뿆벼뻟폐뷏잿뗄탐헾틀뢽쳘뗣ꎬ좱랦쿠뛔뗄뛀솢탔ꎬ튲퓬돉쇋얩튵뿆벼룮뻝뷏캪퇏훘ꎬ쪹얩튵뿆벼믺릹횮볤볈좱랦럖릤킭ퟷꎬ폖좱짙뫏샭뗄ퟝ짮늼뻖ꆣ듓맜샭늿쏅살뾴ꎬ퓚맺볒닣쏦짏폐랢룄캯ꆢ닆헾늿ꆢ뿆벼늿ꆢ뷌폽늿ꆢ얩튵늿ꆢ맺볒쇖튵뻖뗈늿쏅낲업얩튵뿆벼뷰ꎻ쫜맺볒쿖탐닆헾맜샭쳥훆ꆢ맜샭믺훆뗄펰쿬ꎬ쒿잰탂붮뢺퓰얩튵뿆벼뷰맜샭뗄늿쏅돽쇋얩튵ꆢ쇖튵ꆢ탳쓁뗈얩뿚늿쏅췢ꎬ볓짏컄뷌ꆢ뿆컀뗈짦얩늿쏅뻍듯쪮벸룶횮뛠ꆣ헢킩늿쏅퓚뛔얩튵뿆벼뷰뷸탐맜샭쪱ꎬ평폚쫜짏벶훷맜늿쏅뗄횱뷓쇬떼ꎬ늻춬쟾뗀뗄춶퓚쪹폃랽쿲ꆢ쪵쪩랶캧ꆢ쿮쒿낲업뗈랽쏦폐쿠떱돌뛈뗄훘뢴뫍붻닦ꎬ늻샻폚춳튻킭뗷뫍볠맜ꎬ쓑틔탎돉뫏솦ꆣ틔얩튵뿆벼죽쿮럑뗄맜샭뫍쪹폃캪샽ꎬ뿆벼쳼뢺퓰ퟔ훎쟸랶캧쓚뗄얩튵뿆톧쫂튵럑(탂붮얩튵뿆톧풺돽췢)ꆢ뿆벼죽쿮럑뗈뗄럖엤맜샭뫍쪹폃ꎬ떫춬쪱얩튵쳼ꆢ쇖튵쳼ꆢ탳쓁쳼뗈늿쏅튲뻟쳥뢺퓰쫴폚놾늿쏅뗄뿆벼죽쿮럑폃뗄맜샭뫍쪹폃ꎬퟔ훎쟸얩튵ퟛ뫏뾪랢냬릫쫒폖뢺퓰ퟔ훎쟸뿆벼탋얩3 1
탂붮닆헾얩튵뿆벼춶죫믺훆퇐뺿 뷰뗄럖엤맜샭뫍쪹폃낲업ꆣ뷶뛔얩튵뿆벼죽쿮럑헢튻쿮뗄맜샭ꎬ볈폐닆헾늿쏅뫍뿆벼늿쏅릲춬맜샭뗄ꎬ튲폐뿆벼늿쏅폫얩튵ꆢ쇖튵ꆢ탳쓁뗈얩뿚훷맜늿쏅릲춬맜샭뗄ꎬ룷횧얩짦얩늿쏅횮볤뻍듦퓚ퟅ퇏훘뗄횰쓜붻닦뫍훘뗾ꆣ헢훖맜샭믺훆죋캪뗘퓬돉쇋헾뢮룷늿쏅횮볤횰퓰늻쟥ꆢ헾돶뛠쏅ꆢ뛠춷맜샭뫍솦솿럖즢ꆣ (2)뿆벼볆뮮뛠춷럖즢맜샭ꎬ퓬돉훘뢴솢쿮 퓚탂붮ꎬ얩튵뿆벼뷰볈폐살ퟔ랢룄캯ꆢ뿆벼쳼ꆢ뷌폽쳼뗈맜샭늿쏅뗄ꎬ튲폐살ퟔ닆헾늿쏅뫍얩튵ꆢ쇖튵ꆢ탳쓁뗈얩뿚늿쏅뗄ꆣ헢킩퓚ퟩ횯짏쿠뮥뛀솢ꎬ뷡릹짏뇋듋럖솢ꎬ좨쫴짏욽벶짨훃뗄늿쏅럖뇰맜샭ퟅ늻춬뗄뿆벼볆뮮ꎬ쪹뗃춬튻훷쳢뗄쿮쒿췹췹쓜퓚늻춬늿쏅맜샭뗄뿆벼볆뮮훐뗃떽훺ꆣ튻룶늿쏅훺맽뗄쿮쒿췹췹뮹쓜퓚웤쯻늿쏅믱뗃퓙훺ꆣ뛸퓬돉훘뢴솢쿮뗄풭틲퓚폚솢쿮횮잰뻍틑듦퓚ퟅ맜샭럖즢ꆢ뷡릹훘뗾듭캻뗄뛠늿쏅뿆벼볆뮮ꆣ (3)톧뿆짨훃훘뢴ꎬ퇐뺿솦솿벫캪럖즢ꎬ퓬돉뿆퇐뺭럑샋럑퇏훘 듓뿆퇐쳥쾵살뾴ꎬ쒿잰탂붮춬맺쓚웤쯻쪡쟸튻퇹늢탐얩튵듳톧뫍얩(쇖ꆢ탳)뿆풺솽듳얩튵뿆퇐쳥쾵ꎬ뛸쟒룷뿆벼믺릹폖럖뇰솥쫴폚늻춬뗄탐헾늿쏅ꆣ벴쪹춬튻벶뇰ꎬ늻춬톧뿆뗄뿆벼늿쏅(죧얩튵뿆톧풺ꆢ탳쓁뿆톧풺ꆢ쇖튵뿆톧풺뗈)튲솥쫴폚늻춬뗄쳼뻖ꆣ헢퇹뻍퓬돉톧뿆짨훃듳솿훘뢴ꎬ쿠뮥횮볤뗄뿆퇐쓚죝훘뢴뫍틇웷짨놸뗄훘뢴릺훃쿖쿳ꎬ떼훂쇋풴뗄샋럑ꆣ퓚탂붮얩튵뿆벼춶죫퇏훘늻ퟣ뗄쟩뿶쿂ꎬ뿆퇐뺭럑좴놻듳솿뗘샋럑ꆣ 얩튵뿆벼춶죫탐헾벯좨쪽맜샭컊쳢뇈뷏춻돶 폫얩튵뿆벼믺릹뗄탐헾짨훃풭퓲쿠뛔펦ꎬ얩튵뿆벼춶죫맜샭쳥훆뗄탐헾즫닊튲럇뎣얨훘ꆣ (1)얩튵뿆퇐쿮쒿짨훃폫쪵볊퇐뺿훜웚퇏훘돥춻 컞싛쫇맺볒뗄룷샠뿆벼볆뮮ꎬ뮹쫇탂붮뗄룷쿮뿆벼볆뮮ꎬ얩튵뿆퇐뿎쳢폫웤쯻탐튵뗄뿆퇐뿎쳢튻퇹훜웚짨훃틔3쓪웚뻓뛠ꎬ웤훐튻킩믹뒡탔퇐뺿뿎쳢퇐뺿훜웚ퟮ뎤튲뎬늻맽5쓪ꆣ릤튵늿쏅튻쿮탂뗄벼쫵닺욷듓릹쮼ꆢ짨볆ꆢ쫔훆떽헽쪽짺닺ꎬ뿉쓜탨튪쿠떱뎤뗄튻뛎쪱볤ꆣ뛸틔퇐뺿짺쏼뿆톧캪훷뗄얩튵뿆퇐돽쇋쫜떽ퟔ좻쳵볾뗄쿞훆ꎬ뮹튪쫜떽짺컯놾짭짺뎤맦싉뗄훆풼ꎬ뇈죧짺컯쳥뗄훖횲뫍퇸횳훜웚튪뇈릤튵짺닺뎤뗃뛠ꎬ틲뛸웤좡 32
탂붮얩튵듳톧쮶쪿톧캻싛컄 뗃돉맻쯹탨뮨럑뗄쪱볤붫믡룼뎤ꆣ평폚얩튵뿆벼춶훷쳥(쿖퓚뗄뻶닟헟)뫍쫜틦훷쳥(캴살뗄뻶닟헟)럖샫ꎬ룷벶얩튵뿆벼맜샭늿쏅뗄쇬떼듓ퟔ벺뗄“헾벨”돶랢ꎬ횻쓜쪹얩튵뿆퇐탐캪뫍춶헾닟뛌웚뮯ꎬ틲듋퓬돉퇐뺿훜웚뎤뗄얩튵믹뒡퇐뺿뿎쳢뎣뎣춶죫맽짙ꎬ믲늻쓜뗃떽뎤웚컈뚨뗄횧돖ꎬ퇏훘펰쿬떽탂붮얩튵뿆퇐뗄ퟜ쳥뒴탂쓜솦뫍뺺헹쓜솦ꆣ (2)얩튵뿆벼춶죫훐뻶닟ꆢ뿆퇐폫얩쏱뿆벼탨쟳췑뷚 튻냣쟩뿶쿂ꎬ뿆퇐쿮쒿뗄훘듳뻶닟췹췹좡뻶폚짙쫽벸룶쇬떼헟ꆣ좻뛸컞싛쇬떼헟뗄룶죋쯘훊죧뫎룟ꎬ쓜솦죧뫎잿ꎬ뚼늻뿉쓜좫쏦쇋뷢얩튵뿆벼쯹폐뗄퇐뺿쇬폲ꎬ헽좷뗘풤닢얩튵뿆벼캴살뗄랢햹랽쿲ꆣ퓙볓짏늿럖뿆벼죋풱퓚닎폫맦뮮뗄맽돌훐ꎬ늻쫇룹뻝뿆벼랢햹뗄맦싉살맦뮮캴살뗄랢햹랽쿲ꎬ뛸쫇췚뿕탄쮼살뒧쒦훷맜쇬떼뗄“탄쮼”ꎬ늢쎻폐헦헽웰떽닎쒱뗄ퟷ폃ꆣ틲듋뻍쪹뗃뢺퓰얩튵뿆벼뗄룷벶쇬떼내헕룶죋맘힢뗄뿆벼쇬폲ꎬ짵훁쫇룶죋욫뫃살좷뚨얩튵뿆벼춶죫뗄훷튪랽쿲ꎬ듓뛸퓬돉탂붮얩튵뿆벼춶죫뻶닟맽돌훐럇뿆벼쇬떼ꆢ뿆벼쇬떼ꆢ닆컱죋풱폐뻶닟좨ꎬ웕춨탐헾죋풱폐펰쿬솦ꎬ뛸헦헽듓쫂얩튵뿆벼릤ퟷ뗄볒ꆢ뿆벼죋풱틔벰뛔얩튵뿆벼헦헽폐쯹탨쟳뗄얩튵짺닺헟퓚훘듳컊쳢짏ꎬ폈웤쫇퓚쿠맘뗄퇐뺿쇬폲퇐뺿뺭럑뗄춶쿲짏쎻폐랢퇔좨ꆣ헢뻍퓬돉쇋얩튵뿆퇐폫짺닺돶쿖“솽헅욤”뗄ힴ첬ꎬ퇏훘뗘훆풼쇋얩튵뿆벼폫얩튵짺닺뗄뷡뫏ꆣ쫂쪵짏ꎬ쯤좻헢킩쓪탂붮퓚얩튵뿆퇐랽쏦좡뗃쇋뫜뛠뗄돉맻뫍벼쫵ꎬ떫웤훐쿠떱튻늿럖돉맻늻캪얩튵짺닺헟쯹닉폃ꎬ벼쫵늻쓜뮯캪쿖쪵짺닺솦ꎬ펰쿬쇋얩튵뗄랢햹뫍얩쏱쫕죫뗄쳡룟ꎬ듓뛸떼훂얩튵짺닺헟(훷튪횸얩뮧)죔좻퇘쾮ퟅ샏ퟦퟚ뒫쿂뗄룻ퟷ랽쪽퓋ퟷꆣ 탂붮닆헾얩튵뿆벼춶죫ퟜ솿늻ퟣꎬ퓶뎤늻컈뚨ꎬ폫얩쇖쓁폦튵ퟜ닺횵뗄릱쿗늻뛔돆 (1)얩튵뿆벼춶죫ퟜ솿늻ퟣꎬ퓶뎤늻컈뚨 쯤좻탂붮얩튵뿆벼죽쿮럑퓚뻸뛔쫽솿짏듓1990쓪떽2005쓪ퟜ쳥짏돊쿖퓶뎤쟷쫆ꎬ떫폫웤쯻쪡쟸ꎬ폈웤쫇뺭볃랢듯쪡쟸뫡쿲뇈뷏ꎬ맦쒣뮹뷏킡ꆣ뛸쟒폫닆헾횧돶뗄퓶뎤쯙뛈쿠뇈ꎬ얩튵뿆벼죽쿮럑퓶뎤쯙뛈벫늻컈뚨ꎬ쪮컥쓪볤뷶폐컥쓪얩튵뿆벼죽쿮럑뗄퓶뎤쯙뛈뎬맽쇋닆헾횧돶뗄퓶뎤쯙뛈(춼2-1)ꆣ 3 3
탂붮닆헾얩튵뿆벼춶죫믺훆퇐뺿 ㄶ?ㄴ?ㄲ??㠰㘰얩튵뿆벼죽쿮럑㐰닆헾횧돶㈰??㈰199119921993 199419951996 199719981999 200020012002 2003 20042005?㐰?㘰쓪럝 춼2-1 탂붮얩튵뿆벼죽쿮럑벰닆헾횧돶퓶뎤쯙뛈(%) Fig. 2-1 The growth speed of three expenditures of agricultural science and technology and financial expenditure 쫽뻝살풴ꎺ춼훐닆헾횧돶살풴폚탂붮춳볆쓪본(1991-2006쓪)ꆢ얩튵뿆벼죽쿮럑살풴폚컄쿗[96]ꆣ (2)얩튵뿆벼춶죫폫얩쇖쓁폦튵ퟜ닺횵뗄릱쿗늻뛔돆 쯤좻탂붮얩튵뿆벼춶죫뗄뻸뛔솿듓1990쓪뗄461췲풪퓶볓떽2005쓪뗄6135췲풪ꎬ퓶뎤쇋놶ꎬ떫웤햼좫짧믡뿆벼죽쿮럑뗄뇈훘%(쪮쇹쓪욽뻹)풶뗍폚얩쇖쓁폦튵ퟜ닺횵퓚탂붮GDP훐뗄뇈훘%(쪮쇹쓪욽뻹)ꎬ뷶뷶퓚2003쓪얩튵뿆벼죽쿮럑듯떽ퟮ룟횵8381췲풪쪱ꎬ웤햼좫짧믡뿆벼죽쿮럑뗄뇈훘%폫떱쓪얩쇖쓁폦튵ퟜ닺횵퓚탂붮GDP훐뗄뇈훘%쿠뛔돆ꎬ웤폠쓪럝뻹쿠뻠짵풶ꆣ 얩튵뿆벼춶죫뷡릹늻뫏샭 (1)얩튵뿆퇐쿮쒿뺺헹탔춶죫폫컈뚨춶죫뇈샽쪧뗷ꎬ듦퓚ퟅ퇏훘뗄맽뛈뺺헹 탂붮쒿잰뗄얩튵뿆퇐쿮쒿뺭럑벸뫵뚼쫇뺺헹탔뗄ꎬ춬쪱뮹듦퓚ퟅ뿎쳢낲업짏뗄컞탲뺺헹ꆣ틲듋쪹뗃쿖퓚얩튵뿆퇐뿎쳢뺺헹럇뎣벤쇒ꎬ뷏쓑짪쟫ꆣ얩튵뿆퇐떥캻뗄쇬떼뫍뿆벼죋풱듳늿럖뺫솦쿻뫄퓚헹뺭럑ꆢ튪뿎쳢뫍탎탎즫즫뗄싛횤믡ꆢ헐뇪믡ꆢ움맀믡ꆢ퇩쫕믡짏ꎬ뛠쫽뿆퇐맇룉횻폐1/3뗄쪱볤헦헽폃떽쪵퇩쫒뫍쳯볤뗄퇐뺿릤ퟷ짏ꆣ쳘뇰쫇쿮쒿훷돖죋쏇캪ퟩ횯짪쟫탂뿎쳢ꆢ펦뢶룷샠볬닩ꆢ닎볓룷훖컞맘믡틩뗈쯹쿻뫄뗄쪱볤뫍뺫솦룼뛠ꆣ맽뛈뺺헹믡퓬돉얩튵뿆퇐벱릦뷼샻ꎬ폐룄뷸컞뒴탂ꎬ짵훁폚퓚짪쟫쪱캪쇋쓜훐뇪뛸맊틢냎룟뿎쳢뗄룷쿮뺭볃벼쫵횸뇪ꎬ퓚뷡쳢듯늻떽횸뇪튪쟳ꆢ췪늻돉뫏춬죎컱쪱퓙쿫 34퓶뎤쯙뛈ꎨ?ꎩ
탂붮얩튵듳톧쮶쪿톧캻싛컄 랽짨램얪탩ퟷ볙ꆢ펦뢶쇋쫂ꎬ틲듋룹놾뻍늻뿉쓜돶춻웆탔뗄퇐뺿돉맻ꆣ (2)퓚룷뿆벼믮뚯샠탍훐뛔믹뒡퇐뺿뗄뺭럑춶죫뇈샽맽킡 탂붮닆헾뛔믹뒡퇐뺿뗄뺭럑춶죫뇈샽맽킡ꎬ춶죫맽폚럖즢ꎬ뛸쟒횧돖늻컈뚨ꆣ틔탂붮“쪮컥”웚볤뻟쳥뗄벸쿮뿆벼볆뮮뗄뿆벼죽쿮럑춶죫캪샽ꎺ탂붮ퟔ좻뿆톧믹뷰뗄뺭럑쓪뻹횻폐췲풪ꎬ뷶뷶캪뿆벼릥맘볆뮮쿮쒿쓪뻹뺭럑뗄%ꆢ룟벼쫵퇐뺿랢햹볆뮮쿮쒿쓪뻹뺭럑뗄%ꆢ뿆벼돉맻뮯쿮뷰쿮쒿쓪뻹뺭럑뗄%ꆣ2000ꎭ2006쓪탂붮뛔폚믹뒡퇐뺿ꆢ펦폃퇐뺿ꆢ쫔퇩랢햹뗄춶죫뇈샽캪1ꇃꇃꆣ뛸뎤웚틔살ꎬ랢듯맺볒믹뒡퇐뺿ꆢ펦폃퇐뺿뫍쫔퇩랢햹죽샠퇐뺿믮뚯뺭럑럖엤탎돉쇋뇈뷏컈뚨뗄1ꇃ2ꆫ3ꇃ5ꆫ6뗄뇈샽(샮죱ꎬ1991)ꎬ탂붮폫횮쿠뇈닮뻠럇뎣듳ꆣ탂붮뿆벼춶죫뗄늻ퟣ횱뷓펰쿬쇋믹뒡퇐뺿춶죫뗄잿뛈ꎬ벫캪폐쿞뗄뿆퇐뺭럑듳늿럖놻춶죫떽뿆벼몬솿늻룟뗄뿎쳢뾪랢믮뚯훐좥ꆣ풭뒴탔퇐뺿춶죫첫짙ꎬ훂쪹펦폃퇐뺿뫍뾪랢퇐뺿뗄랢햹좱랦뫳뺢ꎬퟨ훍뫍퇓뮺쇋뿆벼뗄뷸늽ꆣ샺쓪탂붮믱맺볒뿆벼뷸늽붱뗄돉맻쫽솿짙뛸쟒벶뇰뗍뚼돤럖뗘쮵쏷쇋헢튻뗣ꆣ헢킩뚼쫇탂붮뎤웚틔살뫶쫓믹뒡퇐뺿뗄횱뷓뫳맻ꎬ펦틽웰폐맘늿쏅쇬떼뗄ퟣ릻훘쫓ꆣ (2)퓚룷횴탐늿쏅훐뛔룟뗈톧킣뗄뿆벼춶죫첫짙 룟뗈톧킣볧뢺ퟅ엠퇸죋닅ꆢ뿆톧퇐뺿뫍짧믡럾컱죽듳횰쓜ꎬ폈웤쫇뗘랽얩튵룟뗈톧킣뛔폚떱뗘얩튵뺭볃뗄퓶뎤ꆢ얩쏱쫕죫뗄쳡룟룼펦룃랢믓웤믽벫뗄ퟷ폃ꆣ뛔폚룟뗈톧킣뗄뿆벼춶죫퓚돶돉맻뗄춬쪱뮹뿉틔엠퇸죋닅ꎬ뿉캽튻뻙솽뗃ꆣ떫퓚2001ꎭ2006쓪볤ꎬ뺡맜탂붮춶죫떽룟뗈톧킣뗄얩튵뿆벼죽쿮럑햼춶죫떽룷횴탐늿쏅뗄얩튵뿆벼죽쿮럑ퟜ뫍뗄뇈훘돊쿖짏짽쫆춷ꎬ듓2001쓪뗄%짏짽떽2006쓪뗄%ꎬ떫돽쇋2005쓪춶죫뇈훘듯떽%횮췢ꎬ웤폠쓪럝벰쇹쓪욽뻹뇈훘뻹늻뎬맽10%ꆣ뛔폚룟뗈톧킣뗄뿆벼춶죫죧듋잷좱ꎬ쪹뗃룟뗈톧킣뿆퇐죋솦풴샻폃싊뗍ꎬ퇏훘펰쿬쇋룟뗈톧킣뛔폚탂붮얩튵뺭볃퓶뎤ꆢ얩쏱퓶쫕ퟷ폃뗄랢믓ꆣ 3 5
탂붮닆헾얩튵뿆벼춶죫믺훆퇐뺿 뗚3헂 탂붮닆헾얩튵뿆벼춶죫킧맻뗄믒즫맘솪럖컶 뾼달춶죫폫닺돶맘쾵뗄퇐뺿랽램폐탭뛠훖ꎬ웤훐믒즫맘솪럖컶랽램쫇뇈뷏폐킧뗄튻훖랽램ꆣ믒즫쾵춳샭싛듓1982쓪컊쫀틔살뗃떽쇋량쯙뗄랢햹ꎬ틑째춸떽ퟔ좻뿆톧뫍짧믡뿆톧뗄룷룶쇬폲ꎬ캪퇐뺿뷢뻶쾵춳럖컶ꆢ붨쒣ꆢ풤닢ꆢ뻶닟뫍뿘훆쳡릩쇋폐킧뗄릤뻟ꆣ 놾헂쫔춼틔믒즫맘솪럖컶캪믹뒡ꎬ듓뚯첬뗄뷇뛈뛔탂붮닆헾얩튵뿆벼춶죫폫얩튵뺭볃퓶뎤ꆢ얩쏱쫕죫퓶뎤횮볤뗄맘쾵뷸탐쪱볤쿠맘럖컶ꎬ쒿뗄퓚폚얪쟥탂붮닆헾얩튵뿆벼춶죫뛔탂붮얩튵뺭볃퓶뎤ꆢ얩쏱쫕죫퓶볓뗄펰쿬돌뛈ꎬ틔웚캪쿂튻늽뗷헻탂붮닆헾얩튵뿆벼춶죫랽쿲ꎬ쳡룟춶죫킧싊ꎬ쪹폐쿞뗄춶죫랢믓룼듳뗄킧펦쳡릩닎뾼틀뻝ꆣ 믒즫맘솪럖컶퇐뺿랽램 믒즫맘솪럖컶랽램쫇뛔튻룶쾵춳랢햹뇤뮯첬쫆뗄뚨솿쏨쫶뫍뇈뷏뗄랽램ꎬ훷튪틀뻝뿕볤샭싛뗄쫽톧믹뒡ꎬ내헕맦랶탔ꆢ얼뛔돆탔ꆢ헻쳥탔뫍뷓뷼탔헢쯄쳵풭퓲ꎬ좷뚨닎뾼쫽쇐(쒸쫽쇐)뫍죴룉뇈뷏쫽쇐(ퟓ쫽쇐)횮볤뗄맘솪쾵쫽뫍맘솪뛈ꎬ쒿뗄쫇톰쟳쾵춳훐룷틲쯘볤뗄훷튪맘쾵ꎬ듓뛸헆컕쫂컯뗄훷튪쳘헷ꎬ듙뷸뫍틽떼쾵춳톸쯙뛸폐킧뗘랢햹ꆣ 믒즫맘솪럖컶뗄릤뻟쫇믒맘솪뛈ꆣ믒즫맘솪럖컶뗄믹놾쮼쿫쫇룹뻝탲쇐쟺쿟벸뫎탎ힴ뗄쿠쯆돌뛈살에뛏웤솪쾵쫇럱뷴쏜ꎬ쟺쿟풽뷓뷼ꎬ쿠펦탲쇐횮볤뗄맘솪뛈뻍풽듳ꎬ랴횮뻍풽킡ꆣ믒즫맘솪럖컶랽램퓚퇹놾솿뛠짙뫍폐컞뗤탍뗄럖늼맦싉쳵볾쿂뚼뿉펦폃ꎬ볆쯣볲떥ꎬ튻냣늻믡돶쿖솿뮯뷡맻폫뚨탔럖컶뷡맻늻쿠럻뗄쟩뿶ꆣ 죧맻쮵닎뾼쫽쇐(쒸쫽쇐)캪x0ꎬ뇈뷏쫽쇐(ퟓ쫽쇐)캪 xi, i=1,2, ……N, 쟒 x0=ꏻx0(1),x0(2), ……, x0(n)ꏽ, xi=ꏻxi(1),xi(2),……xi(n)ꏽ, i=1ꎬ2ꎬ……ꎬN 퓲돆ꛎminmin|x0(k)−x(k)|+ꛑmaxmax|x0(k)−x(k)|iik=kik()i|x(k)−x()|ꛑmaxmax |x(k)x(k)|ik캪쟺쿟x0폫xi퓚뗚k뗣뗄맘솪쾵쫽ꆣ짏쪽훐: 36
탂붮얩튵듳톧쮶쪿톧캻싛컄 (1) | x0(k)- xi(k)|=ꚤi(k)돆캪뗚k뗣x0폫xi뗄뻸뛔닮ꎻ (2)minmin| x0(k)- xi(k)|돆캪솽벶ퟮ킡닮,웤훐min| x0(k)- xi(k)|돆캪뗚튻벶ퟮ킡닮,ikk뇭쪾퓚뗚xi쟺쿟짏ꎬ헒룷뗣폫x0뗄ퟮ킡닮, min(min| x0(k)- xi(k)|)쫇뗚뛾벶ퟮ킡닮,뇭쪾퓚룷쳵쟺쿟훐헒돶뗄ퟮ킡닮믹뒡짏,퓙내iki=1,i=2,…,i=N헒쯹폐쟺쿟xi훐뗄ퟮ킡닮ꎻ (3)maxmax| x0(k)- xi(k)|쫇솽벶ퟮ듳닮,웤틢틥폫ퟮ킡닮쿠쯆ꎻ ik(4)r돆캪럖뇦쾵쫽,쫇0폫1볤뗄쫽,튻냣좡r=ꆣퟛ뫏룷뗣뗄맘솪쾵쫽ꎬ뗃헻룶xi쟺쿟폫닎뾼쟺쿟x0뗄맘솪뛈ri 1nri=∑xi(k)ꆣ nk=1(5)뛔폚떥캻늻춬ꎬ믲돵횵늻춬뗄쫽쇐ퟷ맘솪뛈럖컶쪱ꎬ튻냣튪ퟷ뒦샭ꎬ쪹횮컞솿룙뮯ꎬ맦튻뮯(뗋뻛쇺ꎬ1986)ꆣ 탂붮닆헾얩튵뿆벼춶죫폫얩튵뺭볃퓶뎤뗄믒즫맘솪럖컶 놾뷚톡좡탂붮얩쇖쓁폦튵ퟜ닺횵ퟷ캪얩튵뺭볃퓶뎤횸뇪ꎬ럖뇰톡좡탂붮뛔폚얩튵뿆벼뺭럑ꆢ얩튵뿆벼죋풱뗄춶죫ꎬ뛔폚늻춬뿆벼믮뚯샠탍ꆢ훷튪횴탐늿쏅벰얩튵쓚늿룷닺튵뗄뿆벼뺭럑춶죫ퟷ캪뿆벼춶죫횸뇪ꎬ붨솢믒즫맘솪뛈쒣탍뛔탂붮닆헾얩튵뿆벼춶죫폫얩튵뺭볃퓶뎤뗄맘쾵뷸탐퇐뺿ꆣ퓚톡좡탂붮얩쇖쓁폦튵ퟜ닺횵폫뿆벼춶죫횸뇪쪱ꎬ캪볲뮯컊쳢ꎬ닉좡탂붮얩쇖쓁폦튵ퟜ닺횵뇈뿆벼춶죫뻹훍뫳튻쓪뗄ퟶ램ꆣ 탂붮얩튵뿆벼뷰춶죫ꆢ죋풱춶죫폫얩튵뺭볃퓶뎤뗄맘솪럖컶 놾컄톡좡1996-2005쓪ퟔ훎쟸얩ꆢ쇖ꆢ쓁ꆢ폦튵ퟔ좻뿆톧벼쫵쇬폲폫뾪랢믺릹뿆벼뺭럑돯벯뛮훐뗄헾뢮뷰ꆢ뺭럑횧돶훐뗄뿎쳢뺭럑쓚늿횧돶뛮솽룶횸뇪ퟷ캪뷰춶죫횸뇪ꎬ틔짏믺릹뗄떥캻퓚횰뿆벼믮뚯죋풱쫽ꆢ뿆톧볒뫍릤돌쪦죋쫽ퟷ캪뿆벼죋풱춶죫횸뇪ꎬ틔1996쓪캪믹웚볆쯣돶쿠펦뗄랢햹쯙뛈(볻춼3-1)ꆣ 3 7
탂붮닆헾얩튵뿆벼춶죫믺훆퇐뺿 탂붮얩쇖쓁폦튵ퟜ닺횵뿆벼믮뚯죋풱쫽뿆톧볒ꆢ릤돌쪦죋쫽1헾뢮뷰뿎쳢뺭럑쓚늿횧돶뛮쓪럝 춼3-1 탂붮얩쇖쓁폦튵ퟜ닺횵벰뿆벼춶죫랢햹쯙뛈ꎨ틔1996쓪캪믹웚ꎩ Fig. 3-1 The total value of output of agriculture, forestry, animal husbandry and fishery and the development speed of investment development in science and technology of Xinjiang(mainly based on 1996) 쫽뻝살풴ꎺ얩쇖쓁폦튵ퟜ닺횵살풴폚1998-2008쓪ꆶ탂붮춳볆쓪본ꆷꎻ웤폠쫽뻝뻹살풴폚1996-2006쓪ꆶ탂붮뿆벼춳볆쫽뻝ꆷꆣ 듓춼3-1뿉틔뾴돶ꎺ (1)1996ꎭ2005쓪ꎬ헾뢮뷰춶죫벰뿎쳢뺭럑쓚늿횧돶뛮헢솽룶뷰춶죫랽쏦뗄횸뇪뺡맜훐볤룶뇰쓪럝폐늨뚯ꎬ떫ퟜ쳥돊쿖훰쓪퓶볓뗄쟷쫆ꎻ (2)1996ꎭ2005쓪ꎬ떥캻퓚횰뿆벼믮뚯죋풱쫽ꆢ뿆톧볒뫍릤돌쪦죋쫽헢솽룶죋풱춶죫랽쏦뗄횸뇪헻쳥짏뻹돊쿖훰쓪쿂붵뗄쟷쫆ꎬ뇭쏷탂붮듦퓚얩튵뿆벼죋닅쇷쪧쿖쿳ꎻ (3)얩튵뿆벼뷰춶죫폫얩쇖쓁폦튵ퟜ닺횵뗄랢햹쟷쫆믹놾튻훂ꎬ뛸뿆벼죋풱춶죫쟺쿟좴풽살풽욫샫얩쇖쓁폦튵ퟜ닺횵쟺쿟ꆣ 룹뻝틔짏횸뇪볆쯣믒즫맘솪뛈ꎬ뿉뗃돶뇭3-1뗄닢쯣뷡맻ꆣ 뇭3-1 탂붮얩튵뿆벼뷰춶죫ꆢ뿆벼죋풱춶죫폫얩튵뺭볃퓶뎤뗄맘솪뛈 Table 3-1 The correlation between the capital input in agricultural science and technology, scientific and technical personnel and growth of agricultural economy in Xinjiang 춶죫횸뇪 헾뢮뷰 뺭럑쓚늿횧돶 퓚횰뿆벼죋풱 뿆톧볒뫍릤돌쪦 믒맘솪뛈 틔짏볆쯣뷡맻춬쿖쪵쟩뿶췪좫컇뫏ꎬ뇭쏷얩쇖쓁폦튵ퟜ닺횵폫탂붮얩튵뿆벼뷰춶죫ꆢ뿆벼죋풱춶죫횮볤뻹듦퓚뷏잿뗄쿠맘맘쾵ꆣ탂붮얩튵뿆벼뷰춶죫ꆢ뿆벼죋풱춶죫뻹듙뷸쇋탂붮얩튵뺭볃퓶뎤ꎬ떫헾뢮뷰춶죫벰뿎쳢뺭럑쓚늿횧돶뛮헢솽룶뷰춶죫랽 38랢햹쯙뛈ꎨ놶ꎩ
탂붮얩튵듳톧쮶쪿톧캻싛컄 쏦뗄횸뇪폫탂붮얩쇖쓁폦튵ퟜ닺횵뗄맘솪뛈ꎬ쏷쿔튪룟폚떥캻퓚횰뿆벼믮뚯죋풱쫽ꆢ뿆톧볒뫍릤돌쪦죋쫽헢솽룶뿆벼죋풱춶죫랽쏦뗄횸뇪폫탂붮얩쇖쓁폦튵ퟜ닺횵뗄맘솪뛈ꆣ쮵쏷얩튵뿆벼뷰춶죫ꎬ폈웤쫇헾뢮뷰춶죫쿠뛔폚죋풱춶죫살쮵뛔탂붮얩튵뺭볃뗄듙뷸ퟷ폃룼캪쏷쿔ꎬ벴뺭럑풴뷏죋솦풴햼폅쫆ꆣ퓬돉헢훖뷡맻뗄풭틲퓚폚ꎬ헢킩쓪살탂붮얩튵뿆벼뷰춶죫믹놾돊쿖컈늽짏짽뗄첬쫆ꎬ틲뛸쯼뛔탂붮얩튵뺭볃퓶뎤뗄듙뷸ퟷ폃뻍뇈뷏듳ꎻ얩튵뿆벼죋풱춶죫훰쓪복짙ꎬ틲듋쯼뛔탂붮얩튵뺭볃퓶뎤뗄듙뷸ퟷ폃뻍늻릻쏷쿔ꆣ 탂붮닆헾뛔늻춬뿆벼믮뚯샠탍뗄뿆벼춶죫폫얩튵뺭볃퓶뎤뗄맘솪럖컶 놾컄톡좡2000ꎭ2006쓪탂붮믹뒡퇐뺿ꆢ펦폃퇐뺿ꆢ쫔퇩랢햹R&D뺭럑횧돶ퟷ캪뿆벼춶죫횸뇪ꎬ틔2000쓪캪믹웚볆쯣돶쿠펦뗄랢햹쯙뛈(볻춼3-2)ꆣ 얩쇖쓁폦튵ퟜ닺횵3믹뒡퇐뺿뿆벼춶죫펦폃퇐뺿뿆벼춶죫2쫔퇩랢햹뿆벼춶죫쓪럝 춼3-2 탂붮얩쇖쓁폦튵ퟜ닺횵벰룷훖뿆벼믮뚯샠탍뿆벼춶죫랢햹쯙뛈ꎨ틔2000쓪캪믹웚ꎩ Fig. 3-2 The total value of output of agriculture, forestry, animal husbandry and fishery and the development speed of different types of scientific and technical input activities in Xinjiang(mainly based on 2000) 쫽뻝살풴ꎺ얩쇖쓁폦튵ퟜ닺횵살풴폚2002-2008쓪ꆶ탂붮춳볆쓪본ꆷꎻ웤폠쫽뻝뻹살풴폚2001-2006쓪탂붮캬컡뛻ퟔ훎쟸뿆벼쳼훷뇠ꆶ탂붮뿆벼릤ퟷ쓪뛈놨룦ꆷꆣ 룹뻝틔짏횸뇪볆쯣믒즫맘솪뛈ꎬ뿉뗃돶뇭3-2뗄닢쯣뷡맻ꆣ 3 9랢햹쯙뛈ꎨ놶ꎩ
탂붮닆헾얩튵뿆벼춶죫믺훆퇐뺿 뇭3-2 탂붮뛔늻춬뿆벼믮뚯샠탍뗄뿆벼뷰춶죫폫얩튵뺭볃퓶뎤뗄맘솪뛈 Table 3-2 The correlation between the input in the different types of scientiifc and technical activities and growth of agricultural economy of Xinjiang 뿆벼믮뚯샠탍 믹 뒡 퇐 뺿 펦 폃 퇐 뺿 쫔 퇩 랢 햹 믒 맘 솪 뛈 듓탂붮뛔늻춬뿆벼믮뚯샠탍뗄뷰춶죫랽쏦살뾴ꎬ2000ꎭ2006쓪웚볤ꎬ탂붮춶죫떽믹뒡퇐뺿ꆢ펦폃퇐뺿ꆢ쫔퇩랢햹훐뗄뷰ퟜ뛮럖뇰캪ꎺ믹뒡퇐뺿21979췲풪(햼%)ꆢ펦폃퇐뺿88636췲풪(햼%)ꆢ쫔퇩랢햹234059췲풪(햼%)ꆣ웤훐쫔퇩랢햹춶죫쯹햼뇈훘ퟮ듳ꎬ뎬맽쇋2/3ꎬ펦폃퇐뺿춶죫쯹햼뇈훘싔뛠폚1/4ꎬ뛸믹뒡퇐뺿춶죫쪮럖잷좱ꎬ듓캴듯떽10%ꆣ듓늻춬뿆벼믮뚯샠탍뿆벼춶죫뛔폚탂붮얩튵뺭볃퓶뎤뗄ퟷ폃살뾴ꎬ쫔퇩랢햹뿆벼춶죫춬탂붮얩튵뺭볃퓶뎤뗄맘솪뛈ퟮ듳ꎬ펦폃퇐뺿듎횮ꎬ믹뒡퇐뺿ퟮ킡ꆣ 퓬돉헢훖ힴ뿶뗄풭틲퓚폚ꎬ튻횱틔살탂붮평폚닆솦폐쿞ꎬ퓚닆헾뿆벼춶죫랽쏦뻍뷏캪힢훘쪵폃탂탍벼쫵뗄퇐뺿ꎬ늢쟒퓚잰웚뗄벼쫵믽샛떽쇋튻뚨돌뛈뫳ꎬ뾪쪼볓듳뿆벼돉맻췆맣뮯뗄솦뛈ꆣ뛸뛔폚퓚뛌웚쓚쓑틔뗃떽뺭볃믘놨뗄믹뒡퇐뺿뗄뿆벼춶죫뻍쿠뛔잷좱ꆣ헢튲랴펳돶탂붮헾뢮뛔뿆벼춶죫뗄랽쿲폫웤ퟷ캪얩쓁튵듳쪡뗄쪵볊탨쟳쫇튻훂뗄ꎬ룼뛠뗘쫇횧돖튻킩펦폃탍뗄벼쫵퇐뺿벰웤닺튵뮯ꆣ헽쫇틲캪탂붮헾뢮뛔펦폃퇐뺿ꆢ쫔퇩랢햹춶죫뗄뺭럑뷏뛠ꎬ틲뛸펦폃퇐뺿ꆢ쫔퇩랢햹뿆벼춶죫뛔얩튵뺭볃퓶뎤뗄릱쿗뻍뷏듳ꎻ뛔믹뒡퇐뺿뗄뿆벼춶죫쿠뛔뫶쫓ꎬ퓚쯹폐뿆벼믮뚯샠탍훐믹뒡퇐뺿춶죫뛔얩튵뺭볃퓶뎤뗄릱쿗뻍뷏킡ꆣ 탂붮닆헾뛔늻춬횴탐늿쏅뗄뿆벼춶죫폫얩튵뺭볃퓶뎤뗄맘솪럖컶 퓚탂붮ꎬ얩튵뿆퇐쾵춳뗄뫋탄쫇뿆퇐풺쯹ꆢ룟뗈톧킣뫍웳튵ꎬ헢죽듳ퟩ돉늿럖릹돉쇋탂붮얩튵뿆퇐믮뚯뗄훷튪횴탐늿쏅ꆣ놾컄톡좡2001ꎭ2006쓪탂붮뿆벼쳼춶죫떽돐떣얩튵뿆퇐쿮쒿뗄뿆퇐풺쯹ꆢ룟뗈톧킣ꆢ웳튵뗄뿆벼죽쿮럑ퟷ캪춶죫횸뇪ꎬ틔2001쓪캪믹웚볆쯣돶쿠펦뗄랢햹쯙뛈(볻춼3-3)ꆣ 40
탂붮얩튵듳톧쮶쪿톧캻싛컄 12108얩쇖쓁폦튵ퟜ닺횵뿆퇐풺쯹뿆벼춶죫6룟뗈톧킣뿆벼춶죫웳튵뿆벼춶죫420200120022003200420052006쓪럝 춼3-3 탂붮얩쇖쓁폦튵ퟜ닺횵벰훷튪횴탐늿쏅뿆벼춶죫랢햹쯙뛈ꎨ틔2001쓪캪믹웚ꎩ -3 The total value of output of agriculture, forestry, animal husbandry and fishery and the development speed of scientific and technical investment from the main executive departments of Xinjiang (mainly based on 2001) 쫽뻝살풴ꎺ얩쇖쓁폦튵ퟜ닺횵살풴폚2003-2008쓪ꆶ탂붮춳볆쓪본ꆷꎻ웤폠쫽뻝뻹룹뻝탂붮뿆벼쳼쓚늿쇏볆쯣뗃떽ꆣ 룹뻝틔짏횸뇪볆쯣믒즫맘솪뛈ꎬ뿉뗃돶뇭3-3뗄닢쯣뷡맻ꆣ 뇭3-3 탂붮훷튪횴탐늿쏅뗄뿆벼춶죫폫얩튵뺭볃퓶뎤뗄맘솪뛈 Table 3-3 The correlation between the scientific and technical investment and growth of agricultural economy of main executive departments of Xinjiang 횴 탐 늿 쏅 뿆 퇐 풺 쯹 룟 뗈 톧 킣 웳 튵 믒 맘 솪 뛈 듓춶죫뗄횴탐늿쏅뾴ꎬ2001ꎭ2006쓪춶죫떽뿆퇐풺쯹ꆢ웳튵뗄뷰폫탂붮얩튵뺭볃퓶뎤뗄믒맘솪뛈뻹뷏룟ꎬ뚼뎬맽쇋ꎬ춶죫떽룟뗈톧킣뗄뺭럑폫탂붮얩튵뺭볃퓶뎤뗄맘솪뛈ퟮ뗍ꎬ뷶캪ꆣ퓬돉헢훖ힴ뿶뗄풭틲퓚폚춶죫떽룟뗈톧킣뗄뿆퇐뺭럑첫짙ꎬ쯹햼뇈훘첫뗍ꆣ뻝춳볆ꎬ헢튻웚볤뿆벼쳼춶죫떽뿆퇐풺쯹ꆢ룟뗈톧킣ꆢ웳튵뗄뷰럖뇰햼춶죫떽틔짏죽늿쏅뷰ퟜ뫍뗄%ꆢ%ꆢ%ꆣ쮵쏷탂붮룟뗈톧킣훐믱뗃퇐뺿뺭럑훺뗄죋풱벫캪폐쿞ꎬ룟뗈톧킣뿆퇐죋솦풴샻폃싊뗍ꎬ뇭쏷탂붮뮹폐엓듳뗄뿆퇐뫳놸뻼ꆣ 탂붮닆헾뛔얩튵쓚늿룷닺튵뗄뿆벼춶죫폫얩튵뺭볃퓶뎤뗄맘솪럖컶 얩튵뿆벼춶죫내닺튵뷡릹듳훂뿉뮮럖캪훖횲튵ꆢ쇖맻튵뫍퇸횳튵ꆣ놾컄톡좡20014 1랢햹쯙뛈ꎨ놶ꎩ
탂붮닆헾얩튵뿆벼춶죫믺훆퇐뺿 ꎭ2006쓪탂붮뿆벼쳼춶죫떽훖횲튵ꆢ쇖맻튵벰퇸횳튵뿆퇐쿮쒿뗄뿆벼죽쿮럑ퟷ캪춶죫횸뇪ꎬ틔2001쓪캪믹웚볆쯣돶쿠펦뗄랢햹쯙뛈(볻춼3-4)ꆣ 8765?얩쇖쓁폦튵ퟜ닺횵훖횲튵뿆벼춶죫3쇖맻튵뿆벼춶죫2퇸횳튵뿆벼춶죫10200120022003200420052006쓪럝 춼3-4 탂붮얩쇖쓁폦튵ퟜ닺횵벰얩튵쓚늿룷닺튵뿆벼춶죫랢햹쯙뛈(틔2001쓪캪믹웚) -4 The total value of output of agriculture, forestry, animal husbandry and fishery and the development speed of scientific and technical investment from all the industries in agriculture in Xinjiang(mainly based on 2001) 쫽뻝살풴ꎺ얩쇖쓁폦튵ퟜ닺횵살풴폚2003-2008쓪ꆶ탂붮춳볆쓪본ꆷꎻ웤폠쫽뻝뻹룹뻝탂붮뿆벼쳼쓚늿쇏볆쯣뗃떽ꆣ 룹뻝틔짏횸뇪볆쯣믒즫맘솪뛈ꎬ뿉뗃돶뇭3-4뗄닢쯣뷡맻ꆣ 뇭3-4 탂붮뛔얩튵쓚늿룷닺튵뗄뿆벼춶죫폫얩튵뺭볃퓶뎤뗄맘솪뛈 Table 3-4 The correlation between the scientific and technical investment from all the industries in agriculture and the growth of agricultural economy in Xinjiang 닺 튵 훖횲튵 쇖맻튵 퇸횳튵 믒 맘 솪 뛈 듓탂붮닆헾뛔얩튵쓚늿룷닺튵뗄뿆벼춶죫랽쏦살뾴ꎬ훖횲튵뿆벼춶죫폫탂붮얩튵뺭볃퓶뎤뗄맘솪뛈ퟮ룟ꎬ듯떽쇋ꎬ퇸횳튵듎횮ꎬ쇖맻튵ퟮ뗍ꆣ풭틲퓚폚뎤웚틔살탂붮닆헾뛔폚훖횲튵뗄뿆벼춶죫쯹햼뇈훘뷏퇸횳튵ꆢ쇖맻튵튪룟ꎬ틲뛸훖횲튵뿆벼춶죫폫탂붮얩튵뺭볃퓶뎤뗄맘쾵뻍룼캪뷴쏜ꆣ 탂붮닆헾얩튵뿆벼춶죫폫얩쏱쫕죫퓶뎤뗄믒즫맘솪럖컶 틲캪얩쏱쫕죫뗄퓶뎤튲쫇얩튵벼쫵뒴탂뗄훘튪뷡맻횮튻ꎬ캪뷸튻늽퇐뺿탂붮닆헾얩튵뿆벼춶죫폫웤킧맻뗄맘쾵ꎬ놾늿럖붫붨솢믒즫맘솪뛈쒣탍뛔탂붮얩튵뿆벼뷰춶죫ꆢ 42랢햹쯙뛈ꎨ놶ꎩ
탂붮얩튵듳톧쮶쪿톧캻싛컄 죋풱춶죫폫얩쏱죋뻹뒿쫕죫뗄맘쾵뷸탐럖컶ꆣ톡좡탂붮얩쏱죋뻹뒿쫕죫ퟷ캪얩쏱쫕죫퓶뎤횸뇪ꎬ톡좡1996ꎭ2005쓪ퟔ훎쟸얩ꆢ쇖ꆢ쓁ꆢ폦튵ퟔ좻뿆톧벼쫵쇬폲폫뾪랢믺릹뿆벼뺭럑돯벯뛮훐뗄헾뢮뷰ꆢ뺭럑횧돶훐뗄뿎쳢뺭럑쓚늿횧돶뛮솽룶횸뇪ퟷ캪뷰춶죫횸뇪ꎬ틔짏믺릹뗄떥캻퓚횰뿆벼믮뚯죋풱쫽ꆢ뿆톧볒뫍릤돌쪦죋쫽ퟷ캪뿆벼죋풱춶죫횸뇪ꎬ틔1996쓪캪믹웚볆쯣돶쿠펦뗄랢햹쯙뛈(볻춼3-5)ꆣ 퓚톡좡탂붮얩쏱죋뻹뒿쫕죫폫뿆벼춶죫횸뇪쪱ꎬ캪볲뮯컊쳢ꎬ닉좡탂붮얩쏱뒿쫕죫뇈뿆벼춶죫뻹훍뫳튻쓪뗄ퟶ램ꆣ 얩쏱죋뻹뒿쫕죫뿆벼믮뚯죋풱쫽뿆톧볒ꆢ릤돌쪦죋쫽?헾뢮뷰뿎쳢뺭럑쓚늿횧돶뛮쓪럝 춼3-5 탂붮얩쏱죋뻹쫕죫벰뿆벼춶죫랢햹쯙뛈ꎨ틔1996쓪캪믹웚ꎩ -5 The farmers’ income per capita and development speed of scientific and technical investment in Xinjiang(mainly based on 1996) 쫽뻝살풴ꎺ얩쇖쓁폦튵ퟜ닺횵살풴폚1998-2008쓪ꆶ탂붮춳볆쓪본ꆷꎻ웤폠쫽뻝뻹살풴폚1996-2006쓪ꆶ탂붮뿆벼춳볆쫽뻝ꆷꆣ 룹뻝틔짏횸뇪볆쯣믒즫맘솪뛈ꎬ뿉뗃돶뇭3-5뗄닢쯣뷡맻ꆣ 뇭3-5 탂붮얩튵뿆벼뷰춶죫ꆢ뿆벼죋풱춶죫폫얩쏱죋뻹뒿쫕죫뗄맘솪뛈 Table 3-5 The correlation between capital investment,scientific and technical personnel input and farmers’ net income per capita in Xinjiang 춶죫횸뇪 헾뢮뷰 뺭럑쓚늿횧돶 퓚횰뿆벼죋풱 뿆톧볒뫍릤돌쪦 믒맘솪뛈 틔짏볆쯣뷡맻뇭쏷얩쏱죋뻹뒿쫕죫폫탂붮얩튵뿆벼뷰춶죫ꆢ뿆벼죋풱춶죫횮볤뻹듦퓚뷏잿뗄쿠맘맘쾵ꆣ탂붮얩튵뿆벼뷰춶죫ꆢ뿆벼죋풱춶죫뻹듙뷸쇋탂붮얩쏱퓶쫕ꎬ떫헾뢮뷰춶죫벰뿎쳢뺭럑쓚늿횧돶뛮헢솽룶뷰춶죫랽쏦뗄횸뇪폫탂붮얩쏱죋뻹뒿쫕죫뗄맘솪뛈ꎬ쏷쿔튪룟폚떥캻퓚횰뿆벼믮뚯죋풱쫽ꆢ뿆톧볒뫍릤돌쪦죋쫽헢솽룶뿆벼4 3랢햹쯙뛈ꎨ놶ꎩ
탂붮닆헾얩튵뿆벼춶죫믺훆퇐뺿 죋풱춶죫랽쏦뗄횸뇪폫탂붮얩쏱죋뻹뒿쫕죫뗄맘솪뛈ꆣ쮵쏷얩튵뿆벼뷰춶죫ꎬ폈웤쫇헾뢮뷰춶죫쿠뛔폚죋풱춶죫살쮵뛔탂붮얩쏱퓶쫕뗄듙뷸ퟷ폃룼캪쏷쿔ꎬ벴뺭럑풴뷏죋솦풴햼폅쫆ꆣ퓬돉헢훖뷡맻뗄풭틲퓚폚ꎬ헢킩쓪살탂붮얩튵뿆벼뷰춶죫믹놾돊쿖컈늽짏짽뗄첬쫆ꎬ틲뛸쯼뛔탂붮얩쏱퓶쫕뗄듙뷸ퟷ폃뻍뇈뷏듳ꎻ얩튵뿆벼죋풱춶죫훰쓪복짙ꎬ틲듋쯼뛔뛔탂붮얩쏱퓶쫕뗄듙뷸ퟷ폃뻍늻릻쏷쿔ꆣ 룹뻝놾헂짏튻뷚뗄ퟶ램ꎬ틀듎뿉틔럖뇰뷸탐탂붮닆헾뛔늻춬뿆벼믮뚯샠탍뗄뿆벼춶죫폫얩쏱퓶쫕뗄맘솪럖컶ꆢ탂붮닆헾뛔늻춬횴탐늿쏅뗄뿆벼춶죫폫얩쏱퓶쫕뗄맘솪럖컶ꆢ탂붮닆헾뛔얩튵쓚늿룷닺튵뗄뿆벼춶죫폫얩쏱퓶쫕뗄맘솪럖컶ꎬ틲뷡싛폫짏튻뷚룷늿럖췪좫튻훂ꎬ맊늻퓙ힸ쫶ꆣ ퟛ짏쯹쫶ꎬ춨맽믒즫맘솪럖컶뿉틔뾴돶ꎬ볆쯣뗄뷡맻춬쿖쪵쟩뿶뻟폐뫜잿뗄뛔펦맘쾵ꎬ탂붮닆헾얩튵뿆벼춶죫쮮욽춬얩튵뺭볃퓶뎤ꆢ얩쏱퓶쫕돊쿖돶뷏잿뗄맘솪뛈ꎬ뇭쏷닆헾얩튵뿆벼춶죫뛔탂붮뗄얩튵퓶뎤ꆢ얩쏱퓶쫕뗄듙뷸ퟷ폃뫜쏷쿔ꆣ헾뢮볓듳뛔얩튵뿆퇐뗄춶죫쓜릻췆뚯얩튵벼쫵뒴탂ꎬ뷸뛸듙뷸얩튵뺭볃랢햹ꆢ쳡룟얩쏱뗄쫕죫ꆣ늢쟒헾뢮뛔얩튵뿆벼뗄춶죫떼쿲폫얩튵뿆벼뗄뷸늽뫍얩튵뺭볃뗄퓶뎤ꆢ얩쏱쫕죫뗄쳡룟쾢쾢쿠맘ꆣ헢훖떼쿲폖쯦ퟅ뺭볃폫짧믡뗄랢햹늻뛏뷸탐ퟅ뗷헻ꎬ떫횻폐떱닆헾얩튵뿆벼춶죫쮮욽벰쪱뗘룺짏쇋얩튵랢햹뗄뇤뮯탨쟳ꎬ닅쓜릻룼듳돌뛈뗘듙뷸얩튵뿆벼뷸늽ꎬ췆뚯얩튵랢햹ꎬ듓뛸ퟮ훕쪵쿖얩튵뗄퓶닺퓶킧뫍얩쏱뗄퓶쫕훂뢻ꆣ 44
탂붮얩튵듳톧쮶쪿톧캻싛컄 뗚4헂 릹붨탂붮닆헾얩튵뿆벼춶죫탂믺훆 쏦뛔쿖뷗뛎얩튵쿖듺뮯랢햹ꆢ붨짨짧믡훷틥탂얩듥뛔얩튵뿆벼쳡돶뗄탂뗄쳴햽ꎬ탂붮뇘탫붨솢웰폅뮯풴엤훃ꆢ쳡룟퓋탐킧싊뗄탂뗄닆헾얩튵뿆벼춶죫믺훆ꎬ춨맽램싉램맦ꆢ헾닟듫쪩훰늽펪퓬폐샻폚얩튵뿆벼랢햹뗄럕캧ꎬ캪닆헾얩튵뿆벼춶죫뗄컈뚨룟킧퓋탐쳡릩훆뛈짏뗄횧독ꆣ 릹붨탂붮닆헾얩튵뿆벼춶죫탂믺훆뗄횸떼쮼쿫벰믹놾풭퓲 횸떼쮼쿫 틔떳뗄“쪮웟듳”캪횸떼ꎬ내헕뿆톧랢햹맛뗄튪쟳ꎬ틔탂붮쿖듺얩튵랢햹벰탂얩듥붨짨뛔얩튵뿆벼뗄튪쟳캪돶랢뗣ꎬ틔얩쏱퓶쫕ꆢ얩튵퓶킧뫍얩튵뺭볃뿉돖탸랢햹캪쒿뇪ꎬ퓚뺭볃랢햹쮮욽뷏뗍ꎬ닆솦폐쿞뗄쳵볾쿂ꎬ볌탸짮뮯얩튵뿆벼쳥훆룄룯ꎬ뷸튻늽췪짆얩튵뿆벼춶죫헾닟ꎬ퓋폃뫪맛뗷뿘뗄쫖뛎ꎬ폐킧엤훃얩튵뿆벼풴ꎬ폅뮯춶죫뷰퓋ꎬ쳡룟얩튵뿆벼춶죫뗄벨킧ꎬ듙뷸뿆벼폫뺭볃뗄뷴쏜뷡뫏ꎬ탎돉얩튵뿆벼춶죫폫닺돶뗄솼탔톭뮷ꆣ 믹놾풭퓲 (1)좷놣닆헾얩튵뿆벼춶죫컈뚨퓶뎤뗄풭퓲ꆣ퓚얩튵뿆벼춶죫늻ퟣꎬ춶죫뇈샽폫맺쏱뺭볃랢햹쮮욽늻쿠쫊틋뗄쟩뿶쿂ꎬ탨튪맣뾪쏅슷ꎬ췘뿭쟾뗀ꎬ퓶볓춶죫ꎬ릹붨탂뗄춶죫믺훆룸폨뷃헽ꎬ좷놣얩튵뿆벼춶죫뗄퓶볓벰춶쟾뗀뎩춨컞ퟨꎬ쪹닆헾얩튵뿆벼춶죫퓶뎤쮮욽폫탂붮뺭볃랢햹쮮욽뫍닆솦퓶뎤쮮욽튻훂ꆣ (2)킭뗷탔풭퓲ꆣ쫗쿈ꎬ탂붮닆헾얩튵뿆벼춶죫펦폫탂붮맺쏱뺭볃랢햹놣돖킭뗷튻훂ꎬ튪폐샻폚짧믡랢햹ퟜ쒿뇪뗄쪵쿖ꎬ뛸늻쓜뮥쿠돥춻ꎬ뮥쿠쎬뛜ꆣ웤듎ꎬ펦춳돯볦맋ꎬ볈튪뾼싇얩튵펦폃퇐뺿뫍뾪랢퇐뺿ꎬ폖튪뾼싇얩튵믹뒡퇐뺿ꎻ볈튪뾼싇얩튵룟탂벼쫵ꎬ폖튪뾼싇얩튵뎣맦벼쫵ꎻ볈튪뾼싇훖횲튵ꎬ폖튪뾼싇쇖맻튵ꆢ탳쓁튵ꎻ볈튪뾼싇얩튵뿆톧4 5
탂붮닆헾얩튵뿆벼춶죫믺훆퇐뺿 퇐뺿ꎬ폖튪뾼싇얩튵벼쫵췆맣ꆣ튪좫엌퓋돯맦뮮ꎬ좷뚨뷏캪뫏샭뗄춶죋뇈샽ꎬ쪹룷튵ꆢ룷톧뿆ꆢ룷쿮퇐뺿뮥쿠듙뷸ꎬ킭뗷랢햹ꆣ (3)폐럖릤ꆢ폐훘뗣뗄풭퓲ꆣ탂붮닆헾얩튵뿆벼춶죫탂믺훆펦떱뿋럾떱잰춶죫믺훆듦퓚뗄춶죫럖즢벰킧틦늻룟뗄쟣쿲ꆣ쫗쿈ꎬ캪뇜쏢닆헾뛔얩튵뿆벼훘뢴춶죫ꎬ킧틦뗍뗄컊쳢ꎬ닆헾얩튵뿆벼춶죫탐캪훷쳥랶캧뇘탫ퟷ돵늽뗄뮮럖ꎬ룷훷쳥횮볤펦폐튻룶듳훂뗄럖릤ꎬ튪붫킡뛸즢ꎬ폃춾믹놾쿠춬뗄쿮뷰맩늢ꎬ짨솢뷏듳뗄쿮뷰ꎻ웤듎ꎬ퓚룷벶춶죫훷쳥횰퓰럖릤뗄믹뒡짏캪쫊펦탂붮얩튵뿆벼랢햹뗄탨튪ꎬ벯훐뷰ꎬ훘뗣횧돖쓇킩쓜릻뷢뻶훆풼얩튵랢햹뗄맘볼뿆벼뒴탂쿮쒿ꆣ (4)맦랶뮯ꆢ뿆톧뮯맜샭풭퓲ꆣ붨솢닆헾얩튵뿆벼춶죫탂믺훆ꎬ뻍쫇튪놣헏얩튵뿆벼뷰볈튪폃퓚떶죐짏ꎬ폖튪쪹횮헽뎣퓋탐ꎬ랢믓돶룼듳뗄ퟷ폃ꆣ틲듋ꎬ뇘탫룄뷸얩튵뿆벼춶죫맜샭냬램ꎬ쳡룟뷰맜샭뗄뿆톧탔ꎬ릫헽탔ꆣ (5)쫐뎡믺훆뫍럇쫐뎡믺훆뮥늹뗄풭퓲ꆣ퓚쫐뎡뺭볃쳵볾쿂뗄헾뢮맜샭샭쓮쫗쿈쫇튪쿠탅쫐뎡ꎬ튪붨솢쏦쿲쫐뎡뗄얩튵뿆벼맜샭쳥훆ꎬ뎹뗗룄뇤얩튵뿆벼뗄톡쳢ꆢퟩ횯짪놨ꆢ돉맻움뚨뗈튻쾵쇐맜샭훆뛈ꆣ쟥컺뷧뚨헾뢮뫍쫐뎡믮뚯뇟뷧ꎬ헾뢮ퟷ캪얩튵뿆벼뗄훷튪춶헟ꎬ튪샻폃뫃럇쫐뎡믺훆ꎬퟶ뫃얩튵뿆벼춶죫뗄뫪맛맦뮮ꆢퟩ횯ꎬ뷰쪹폃뗄볬닩ꆢ볠뚽ꎬ춶죫킧맻뗄움볛ꆢ본뚨ꎬ냑컕뿆퇐랽쿲ꎬ룸뿆퇐떥캻뷏뛠뗄ퟔ훷좨ꎬ쪹웤돤럖랢믓톧쫵폅쫆뫍벼쫵폅쫆ꎬ듙뷸뿆퇐폫짺닺ꆢ쫐뎡뗄뷡뫏ꆣ뛔얩튵뿆퇐떥캻쓚늿퓲튪퓋폃벤샸쫖뛎맄샸뺺헹ꎬ돤럖뗷뚯맣듳뿆벼죋풱뗄믽벫탔뫍뒴퓬탔ꎬ솦헹돶돉맻ꆢ돶죋닅ꆢ돶킧틦ꆣ (6)듙뷸얩튵뿆벼돉맻뮯뗄풭퓲ꆣ얩튵뿆벼춶죫탂믺훆볈튪폐샻폚얩튵뿆톧퇐뺿ꎬ폖튪폐훺폚얩튵뿆벼돉맻췆맣ꎬ듙뷸뿆벼돉맻톸쯙뮯캪쿖쪵짺닺솦ꎬ늢퓚룼듳랶캧쓚닉폃얩튵룟탂벼쫵ꎬ퓚룼맣삫뗄쇬폲췆뚯얩튵뿆벼뷸늽ꆣ 폅뮯탂붮닆헾얩튵뿆벼춶죫뗄닟싔 뗷헻춶죫랽쪽 (1) 튪춨맽릫릲닆헾횧돶뿲볜뗄훰늽붨솢뫍닆헾횰쓜뗄뷸튻늽뇤ꎬ룄뇤쒿잰닆헾 46
탂붮얩튵듳톧쮶쪿톧캻싛컄 폃폚얩튵뿆벼랽쏦뗄뷰늿쏅횮볤럖룮ꆢ늿쏅쓚늿럖룮ꆢ쪹폃럖즢ꆢ낲업훘뢴뗄ힴ뿶ꎬ뷧뚨룷늿쏅횰쓜ꎬ훰늽뗷헻ꆢퟩ뫏ꎬ쪵쿖춳튻맜샭ꆢ춳돯낲업ꎬ쪹닆헾폃폚얩튵뿆벼뗄뷰탎돉뫏솦ꎬ쳡룟뷰뗄쪹폃킧틦ꆣ (2) 퓚얩튵뿆벼맜샭늿쏅쓚늿튲펦룃룄뇤틔췹쓇훖붫폐쿞뗄뷰“죶뫺붷쏦”쪽뗄춶죫랽쪽ꎬ뛸펦뾼싇뷡뫏탂붮얩튵랢햹뗄탨튪ꎬ퓚맣랺뗷퇐뗄믹뒡짏ꎬ춨맽볒뗄싛횤뫍쓽솶ꎬ톡퓱쓇킩뛔탂붮얩튵랢햹뻟폐훘듳펰쿬뗄쇬폲ꎬ헫뛔퇏훘훆풼탂붮얩튵랢햹뗄훘듳맘볼뿆퇐쿮쒿ꎬ벯훐뛠랽뗄솦솿ꎬ탎돉뫏솦ꎬ볓듳웤춶죫솦뛈ꎬ뷸탐훘뗣릥맘ꆣ (3) 컈뚨춶죫폫뺺헹춶죫쿠뷡뫏ꆣ룄뇤틔췹얩튵뿆퇐뺭럑췪좫틀뾿뺺헹믱좡뗄ퟶ램ꎬ펦훰늽퓚뺺헹춶죫뫍컈뚨춶죫횮볤헒떽욽뫢뗣ꆣ떱좻ꎬ헢쫇튻룶뚯첬뗄뗷뷚맽돌ꎬ탨튪늻뛏뗘첽쯷ꆢ쪵볹ꆣ 뗷헻춶죫랽쿲 닆헾얩튵뿆벼춶죫뗄훘뗣펦룃쏦쿲“죽얩”ꎬ볓듳얩튵뿆벼돉맻뮯솦뛈ꎬ쿲퓶닺ꆢ퓶킧뫍퓶쫕늢훘뗄랽쿲뇤ꆣ펦훘뗣럶돖뚯횲컯폅솼욷훖엠폽ꆢ쿖듺벯풼뮯퇸횳벼쫵ꆢ몵ퟷ뷚쮮얩튵벼쫵ꆢ짺컯퓖몦럀훎ꆢ얩닺욷뒢퓋볓릤뫍얩튵풴룟킧샻폃뗈쿖듺얩튵벼쫵ꎻ볓잿뛔쳡룟얩닺욷훊솿ꎬ쳡룟탂붮얩튵뺺헹쓜솦ꎬ퓶볓얩쏱쫕죫뗄얩튵릲탔맘볼벼쫵뗄춶죫ꎬ캪탂붮얩튵랢햹ꆢ얩쏱퓶쫕쳡릩잿폐솦뗄벼쫵횧독ꆣ 탂붮닆헾얩튵뿆벼춶죫탂믺훆뗄릹붨 춶죫믺훆쫇얩튵뿆퇐뺭럑퓋탐믺훆뗄뫋탄ꎬ춶죫ힴ뿶듓놾훊짏횱뷓쳥쿖쇋헾뢮뛔“죽얩”컊쳢뗄훘쫓돌뛈ꆣ헫뛔탂붮닆헾얩튵뿆벼춶죫쿖ힴ벰듦퓚뗄컊쳢ꎬ퓚럖컶쇋춶죫킧맻뗄믹뒡짏ꎬ놾퇐뺿짨볆쇋틔쿂탂붮닆헾얩튵뿆벼춶죫탂믺훆ꆣ 컈뚨뗄뺭럑춶죫믺훆 (1)늻횻쫇탂붮ꎬ뻍쫇퓚좫맺ꎬ쿖탐뗄뺭럑춶죫믺훆듦퓚뗄컊쳢훷튪뇭쿖퓚ꎺ ꋙ뿆벼솢램뛠쫇룙쇬탔ꆢ헾닟탔쳵뿮ꎬ풭퓲탔뷏잿ꎬ뿉닙ퟷ탔뷏죵ꆣ틔ꆶ뿆벼뷸늽4 7
탂붮닆헾얩튵뿆벼춶죫믺훆퇐뺿 램ꆷ캪샽ꎬ쯤좻쳡돶쇋“맺볒닆헾폃폚뿆톧벼쫵뺭럑뗄퓶뎤럹뛈룟폚맺볒닆헾뺭뎣탔쫕죫뗄퓶뎤럹뛈”ꎬ떫쫇폖맦뚨쇋헾뢮뿆퇐뺭럑뗄맦쒣평맺컱풺폨틔좷뚨ꆣ쫂쪵횤쏷ꎬ헢튻맦뚨떯탔첫듳ꎬ늢쎻폐헦헽쪹얩튵뿆벼춶죫뗄뮷뺳뗃떽쏷쿔뗄룄짆ꎬ뷼쓪살컒맺얩튵뿆퇐뗄닆헾늦뿮춶죫뗄쓪뗝퓶싊뮹쫇풶풶뗍폚맺볒닆헾쫕죫뗄퓶뎤럹뛈ꆣ평듋뿉볻ꎬ컒맺쿖탐뗄뿆벼램싉램맦쳥쾵늻첫췪짆ꎬ폐킩램싉쎻폐헦헽뗃떽맡뎹실쪵ꎬ늢쎻쓜듯떽폐킧놣횤얩튵뿆퇐뺭럑잿뛈뗄쒿뗄ꆣ ꋚ뷰죚믺릹뛔얩튵뿆퇐뺭럑뗄횧돖ퟜ솿복짙ꎬ잿뛈복죵ꆣ쯤좻맺볒폐튻쾵쇐뗄횧돖뿆벼쫂튵랢햹뗄뷰죚횧돖헾닟ꎬ떫쫇평폚얩튵뗄죵훊탔ꎬ얩튵뿆퇐훜웚뎤ꆢ돉놾룟ꆢ럧쿕듳뗈쳘뗣ꎬ틔벰뷰뗄훰샻탔뗈ꎬ뚼쪹뗃뷰죚믺릹뛔얩튵뿆퇐뗄횧돖늻싛퓚잿뛈뮹쫇ퟜ솿짏뚼늻짵샭쿫ꆣ (2)탂뗄뺭럑춶죫믺훆뗄릹붨 탂붮얩튵뿆벼랢햹ퟮ듳뗄훆풼틲쯘쫇얩튵뿆벼춶죫늻ퟣꆣ얩튵뿆톧퇐뺿훜웚뎤ꆢ벾뷚탔뫍쟸폲탔잿ꆢ늻좷뚨틲쯘뛠ꆢ럧쿕듳벰웤릫릲닺욷쳘헷뗈뻶뚨쇋헾뢮춶죫뗄훷떼뗘캻ꎻ평폚얩튵뿆퇐돉맻뗄쫜틦헟늻뷶쫇짺닺헟ꎬ뮹냼삨쿻럑헟ꎬ얩튵퓚캪짧믡쳡릩쪳컯ꆢ릤튵풭쇏뫍웤쯻얩닺욷뗄춬쪱ꎬ퓚캬뮤뫍룄짆짺첬뮷뺳ꆢ놣헏탂붮헾훎뺭볃컈뚨랽쏦튲랢믓쇋쳘쫢ퟷ폃ꎬ헾뢮쫇짧믡킧틦뗄쫜틦헟ꎬ헢튲뻶뚨쇋헾뢮뇘탫돐떣얩튵뿆벼춶죫뗄훷튪죎컱ꆣ 탂붮헾뢮펦룃룹뻝ퟔ짭뗄뻟쳥쟩뿶ꎬ잿뮯닆헾퓚얩튵뿆벼춶죫훐뗄훷쳥뗘캻ꎬ뾼싇훆뚨쿠펦뗄헾닟램맦ꎬ틔램싉뗄탎쪽놣횤탂붮얩튵뿆벼춶죫뗄뇈샽쯦얩튵뗄랢햹뛸훰쓪컈늽퓶뎤ꎬ쪹ꆶ얩튵램ꆷ뫍ꆶ뿆벼뷸늽램ꆷ훐뗄뿆벼춶퓶뎤싊뇘탫룟폚닆헾뺭뎣탔쫕죫퓶뎤뗄뻶뚨실떽쪵뒦ꎬ뿉틔뾼싇닉좡틔쿂믺훆살쪵쿖ꎺ ꋙ붨솢뛀솢뗄얩튵뿆퇐뺭럑풤쯣쟾뗀 쒿잰ꎬ탂붮얩튵뿆벼춶죫뗄쟾뗀뇈뷏믬싒ꎬ폐폃폚캬돖얩튵뿆퇐풺쯹퓋뗄쫂튵탔늦뿮ꎬ폐폃폚횧돖뿆톧퇐뺿뗄뿆벼늦뿮ꎬ폐폃폚룄짆뿆퇐쳵볾뗄춶탔늦뿮벰맺햮뷰ꎬ뮹폐폃폚횧돖뿆퇐풺쯹훆뗄쿮뷰뗈뗈ꆣ뻍뿆퇐늦뿮뛸퇔ꎬ폐뿆벼릥맘볆뮮ꆢ뿆벼믹뒡쳵볾욽첨붨짨ꆢퟔ좻뿆톧믹뷰뫍뿆벼돉맻뮯뷰뗈ꎬ뮹폐횧돖얩튵벼쫵췆맣뗄쿮뷰ꆣ헢킩뷰쯤좻뚼살풴폚탂붮닆헾풤쯣ꎬ떫쫴폚늻춬뗄뺭럑풤쯣쟾뗀ꎬ럖즢퓚늻 48
탂붮얩튵듳톧쮶쪿톧캻싛컄 춬늿쏅맜샭ꎬ룸풤쯣뿘훆뫍뷰맜샭듸살쇋벫듳삧쓑ꎬ늻샻폚붨솢뺭럑뗄컈뚨퓶뎤믺훆ꆣ틲듋ꎬ탂붮닆헾펦룃쏷좷얩튵뿆벼춶죫햼닆헾횧돶훐뗄뫏샭뇈샽ꎬ틔벰폫닆헾쫕죫퓶뎤쿠쫊펦뗄퓶뎤뇈샽ꎬ늦돶쿮뺭럑붨솢얩튵뿆벼뒴탂믹뷰ꎬ쏅폃폚얩튵뿆톧퇐뺿뫍뿆벼췆맣ꎬ늢쟒짨솢뛀솢뗄풤쯣뿆쒿ꆣ ꋚ샻폃“싌쿤헾닟”퓶볓춶죫 죫쫀뛔컒맺얩튵쳡돶뗄튪쟳ꎬ튲볓듳쇋얩튵뿆벼춶죫뗄뷴웈탔ꎬ쯹틔뇘탫내헕WTOꆶ얩튵킭틩ꆷ맦퓲ꎬ볓듳얩튵뿆퇐춶죫솦뛈ꎬ붨솢웰럻뫏탂붮뻟쳥쟩뿶뗄“싌쿤”헾닟쳥쾵ꆣWTO맦퓲훐쏷좷맦뚨폃폚횧돖얩튵뿆퇐ꆢ벼쫵췆맣뗄닆헾뷰쫇맄샸뫍늻쫜쿞훆뗄ꆣ뛸탂붮퓚컒맺볓죫WTO횮뫳ꎬ폐킩뒫춳뗄ퟶ램늢쎻폐뫜듳뗄룄뇤ꎬ뻸듳늿럖뷰죔좻폃폚춶탔쒿뗄ꎬ횧돖얩튵믹놾붨짨ꆢ얩튵뾪랢ꆢ늹쳹솸쪳쇷춨쇬폲뗄뿷뿕뗈ꆣ캪듋ꎬ탂붮뿉틔뾼싇춨맽WTO뗄폎쾷맦퓲ꎬ돤럖샻폃뫃“싌쿤헾닟”캪얩튵뿆퇐춶죫뫍벼쫵췆맣쳡릩뗄뻞듳퓶뎤뿕볤ꎬ듳럹뛈쳡룟얩튵뿆벼춶죫뗄뇈샽ꎬ춶폚얩튵뿆퇐뫍벼쫵췆맣ꎬ듙뷸얩튵뿆벼뗄랢햹ꆣ ꋛ퓚붨짨쿮쒿뺭럑훐쳡좡믲풤쇴튻뚨뇈샽 퓚쿖폐풤쯣쳥훆쓑틔뛌웚룄뇤ꎬ뛸얩튵뿆벼춶죫?듽볓잿뗄쟩뿶쿂ꎬ탂붮쎿쓪뿉듓닆헾춶죫떽얩튵쟸폲뾪랢ꆢ짌욷솸폍믹뗘ꆢ“닋삺ퟓ”릤돌ꆢ쳬좻쇖놣뮤릤돌ꆢ췋룻뮹쇖릤돌뗈붨짨쿮쒿뷰훐쳡좡튻뚨뇈샽뗄뺭럑ퟷ캪뿆벼춶죫ꎬ폃폚룃쿮릤돌뗄뿆퇐쿮쒿벰뿆벼돉맻뗄뮯맽돌ꎬ튲뿉틔듓퓶쫕뗄얩쇖쮮닺욷벼쫵룄뷸럑ꆢ룻뗘햼폃럑ꆢ탳쟝췀퓗쮰뫍솸쪳랢햹믹뷰훐쳡좡믲풤쇴튻뚨뇈샽뗄뷰폃폚얩튵뿆퇐뫍뿆벼췆맣ꆣ헢퇹ퟶ볈뿉틔춨맽뿆퇐믮뚯캪얩튵릤돌쿮쒿뗄쪵쪩헒돶뫏샭뗄랽낸ꎬ쳡릩뿉뾿뗄벼쫵횧독ꎬ폖뿉틔뮺뷢얩튵뿆퇐뷰늻ퟣ뗄톹솦ꎬ폐샻폚얩튵뗄뎤풶랢햹ꎬ튲폐샻폚캪얩튵붨짨쳡릩릫릲벼쫵ꎬ럻뫏헾뢮뗄릫릲닆헾샭싛ꎬ쫇쟐쪵뿉탐뗄ꆣ 뫏샭뗄뺺헹믺훆 (1)쿖탐뺺헹믺훆뗄폅뗣벰늻ퟣꎺ ꋙ쿖탐뺺헹믺훆뗄폅뗣 탂붮닆헾얩튵뿆벼춶죫“릫뾪짪쟫ꆢ릫욽뺺헹ꆢ릫헽움짳”뗄뺺헹믺훆뻟폐쏷쿔뗄폅뗣ꎺ 4 9
탂붮닆헾얩튵뿆벼춶죫믺훆퇐뺿 ꇴ럻뫏쫐뎡뺭볃랢햹뗄맦싉ꎻ ꇴ듙뷸쇋뿆벼맜샭뗄쏱훷뮯ꆢ뿆톧뮯뷸돌ꎻ ꇴ춨맽뺺헹폅쿈럶돖쓇킩벼쫵뒴탂쓜솦잿ꆢ맜샭쮮욽룟뗄얩튵뿆벼웳튵ꎬ뿉틔컼틽룼뛠뗄뷰춶죫얩튵벼쫵뾪랢ꎬ춬쪱ꎬ뮹뿉틔컼틽웤쯻탐튵뗄웳튵춶죫얩튵벼쫵뗄뮯릤ퟷꎬힳ듳쇋얩튵뿆벼뛓컩ꎻ ꇴ캪쎿튻캻짪쟫헟뒴퓬쇋튻룶욽뗈뺺헹뗄믺믡ꎬ돤럖뗷뚯쇋얩튵뿆벼릤ퟷ헟뗄뿆퇐믽벫탔ꎬ벤랢쇋얩튵뿆벼릤ퟷ헟뗄뒴퓬탔ꆣ ꋚ쿖탐뺺헹믺훆뗄늻ퟣ횮뒦 쯦ퟅ쫐뎡뺭볃뗄랢햹ꎬ죋쏱짺믮쮮욽훰늽쳡룟ꎬ뛔얩튵뿆벼쳡돶쇋룼룟뗄튪쟳ꎬ튻캶횻잿뗷뺺헹춶죫ꎬ풽살풽늻럻뫏얩튵뿆벼ퟔ짭랢햹뗄맦싉ꎬ늻쓜싺ퟣ얩튵탐튵뗄쳘쫢탔튪쟳ꎬ컊쳢풽살풽춻돶ꆣ훷튪뇭쿖퓚ꎺ ꇴ뚯횲컯탂욷훖톡폽뗈뎤쿟얩튵뿆퇐쿮쒿좱랦뎤웚ꆢ컈뚨뗄횧돖ꆣ릤튵늿쏅튻쿮탂뗄벼쫵믲닺욷듓릹쮼ꆢ짨볆ꆢ쫔훆떽헽쪽짺닺뿉쓜탨튪쿠떱뎤뗄튻뛎쪱볤ꎬ뛸틔퇐뺿짺쏼뿆톧캪훷뗄얩튵벼쫵뮹튪쫜떽ퟔ좻쳵볾뫍짺컯놾짭짺뎤맦싉뗄훆풼ꎬ틲캪짺컯쳥뗄훖횲뫍퇸횳훜웚튪뇈릤튵짺닺뎤뗃뛠ꎬ틲뛸웤뒴탂쯹탨뮨럑뗄쪱볤붫믡룼뎤ꆣ ꇴ볓듳쇋탐헾돉놾ꎬ펰쿬쇋뿆퇐킧맻ꆣ얩튵뿆퇐믮뚯훐“죋ꆢ뎵ꆢ믡”뗈떯탔횧돶뷏듳ꎬ폐킩뿆벼죋풱퓚뿎쳢짪놨ꆢ싛횤ꆢ볬닩퇩쫕뗈믮뚯짏쯹뮨럑뗄뷰햼뿎쳢ퟜ뺭럑뗄뇈샽뷏듳ꎬ헦헽폃폚뿆퇐뗄뺭럑폐쿞ꎬ뿆퇐킧맻뿉쿫뛸횪ꆣ ꇴ늻샻폚얩튵뿆벼뗄뿉돖탸랢햹ꆣ뫜뛠얩튵뿆퇐죋풱캪쇋헹좡떽뿆퇐뺭럑ꎬ튻캶좥퇐뺿룷룶랽쏦뗄“횸쓏”ꎬ“뿚캶”ꎬ쿫랽짨램춶웤쯹뫃ꎬ룹놾늻뾼싇ퟔ벺뗄튵쳘뎤뫍풭살뗄퇐뺿쇬폲ꎬ퇐뺿랽쿲쎿쓪쯦쿮쒿짪쟫횸쓏뗄룄뇤뛸룄뇤ꎬ쪹뗃뎤웚랢햹뗄햽싔탔맦뮮쓑틔실쪵ꆣ ꇴ퓬돉얩튵뿆벼릤ퟷ헟“욶뢻탼쫢”ꎬ늻샻폚얩튵뿆벼뛓컩뗄컈뚨ꆣ평폚닆솦폐쿞ꎬ퓬돉탂붮쎿쓪춶죫떽얩튵뿆벼훐뗄쿮쒿뺭럑벫짙ꎬ뻸듳뛠쫽쿮쒿짪쟫뚼퓚뺺헹훐놻쳔청ꎬퟮ훕쪤돶뗄횻쫇짙쫽죋짪놨뗄쿮쒿ꎬ뛸얩튵뿆벼뺭럑췹췹튲뻍벯훐퓚헢짙쫽죋쫖훐ꆣ탭뛠듓맺췢ꆢ쟸췢톧돉맩살뗄뗄룟닣듎얩튵뿆벼죋닅뎣뎣쫇“쟉뢾쓑캪컞쏗횮뒶”ꎬ틲듋쏦뛔뚫쓏퇘몣뗈쓚뗘튻킩랢듯쪡쟸뾪돶뗄폅풽ꆢ럡뫱뗄쳵볾ꎬ“뿗좸뚫쓏량”튲뻍퓚쯹쓑 50
탂붮얩튵듳톧쮶쪿톧캻싛컄 쏢쇋ꆣ ꇴ퓚컞탲뺺헹뗄맽돌훐ꎬ퓬돉뿆퇐죋풱뺫솦틆ꎬ죝틗ퟌ짺좨잮붻틗뗄뢯냜쿖쿳ꆣ쒿잰ꎬ폐뺭럑맜샭좨뗄헾뢮늿쏅볈맜뺭럑ꎬ폖맜쿮쒿ꎻ볈쫇“돶죋”ꎬ폖쫇“뺭펪헟”ꆣ뛸쟒뿆퇐쿮쒿뺭럑뗄짳엺좨췹췹헆컕퓚짙쫽늻뚮벼쫵뗄탐헾훷맜늿쏅맙풱쫖샯ꎬ쯻쏇헆컕ퟅ뿆퇐뺭럑뗄짺즱폨뛡듳좨ꆣ훐맺뿆킭2003쓪뛔좫맺뿆벼릤ퟷ헟뗄뗷닩랢쿖ꎬ폐14%뗄죋죏캪퓚쿮쒿짪쟫짏뮨럑뗄쪱볤뫍뺫솦ퟮ뛠ꎬ폐%뗄죋죏캪퓚뿆퇐릤ퟷ훐폶떽뗄ퟮ듳삧쓑뻍쫇“짪쟫뿎쳢삧쓑”ꆣ틲듋폐킩뿆퇐떥캻뫍뿆퇐죋풱캪쇋쓜헹좡떽뿆퇐쿮쒿뫍뺭럑ꎬ늻퓱쫖뛎뗘쿲쫖컕뿆퇐뺭럑뮮늦듳좨뗄쿠맘늿쏅릤ퟷ죋풱탐믟ꎬ랢짺좨잮붻틗ꎬ퓬돉쇋“좨솦톰ퟢ”ꆢ“엜늿잮뷸”뗈맖쿖쿳ꆣ (2)탂뗄뺺헹믺훆뗄릹붨 뫺뷵쳎ퟜ쫩볇퓚좫맺뿆벼듳믡뗄붲뮰훐퓸쏷좷횸돶:“튪붨솢뺺헹믺훆ꎬ볡돖맺볒뿆벼볆뮮뛔좫짧믡뾪럅ꎬ횧돖뫍맄샸맺쓚폐쳵볾뗄룷샠믺릹욽뗈닎폫돐떣맺볒훘듳볆뮮뫍쿮쒿ꎬ캪좫짧믡믽벫뒴탂뒴퓬솼뫃쳵볾ꆣ”헾뢮뗄믹놾횰쓜뻍쫇듮붨맄샸뒴탂뗄믺훆뫍욽첨ꆣ닆헾얩튵뿆벼춶죫펦톰쟳룼캪쇩믮뗄뺭럑럖엤믺훆ꎬ쳡룟춸쏷뛈ꎬ맣랺틽죫뺺헹믺훆ꎬ좷놣얩튵뿆벼뺭럑폃폚ퟮ폅탣뗄뿆퇐죋풱ꎬ횧돖ퟮ벱탨뗄뿆퇐쿮쒿ꎬ닺짺ퟮ병뗄춶죫킧맻ꆣ캪뷢뻶쒿잰얩튵뿆벼춶죫뺺헹믺훆훐듦퓚뗄컊쳢ꎬ뿉틔뾼싇릹붨탂뗄뺺헹믺훆ꆣ ꋙ뛔폚튻냣탔뗄얩튵뿆퇐쿮쒿ꎬ죔좻뿉틔뾼싇쪹폃쒿잰헽퓚쪹폃뗄뺺헹믺훆ꆣ춨맽뫏샭뗄훆뛈낲업ꎬ톡퓱뇘튪탔ꆢ뿉탐탔뫍훘튪탔ퟮ춻돶뗄쿮쒿룸폨횧돖ꎬ닺짺탂붮얩튵랢햹벱탨뗄얩튵뿆벼돉맻ꎬ럾컱폚얩튵랢햹ꆣ뿎쳢펦쏦쿲믹뒡샭싛퇐뺿ꆢ릲탔벼쫵퇐뺿ꆢ돉맻뮯뗈ꎬ닉좡뗄랽쪽뿉틔폐볒움럖훆ꆢ볒톯뻶닟훆뗈탎쪽ꎬ놣헏얩튵뿆퇐죋풱뗄톧쫵ퟔ평ꎬ놣뮤횪쪶닺좨ꎬ맄샸벼쫵뒴탂ꆣ ꋚ헫뛔뚯횲컯탂욷훖톡폽뗈탨튪뎤웚ꆢ컈뚨횧돖뗄얩튵뿆퇐쿮쒿ꎬ뿉닉폃뺺헹춶죫폫풤쯣춶죫쿠뷡뫏뗄믺훆ꆣ 뺺헹춶죫폫풤쯣춶죫쿠뷡뫏뗄믺훆벴퓚놣쇴얩튵뿆벼뺺헹춶죫믺훆뗄믹뒡짏ꎬ틽죫닆헾풤쯣춶죫탂믺훆ꎬ쪵탐뺺헹춶죫뫍풤쯣춶죫쮫맬훆ꎬ틔풤쯣춶죫캪훷ꆣ풤쯣춶죫쫇횸춨맽헾뢮뗄뫪맛뗷뿘ꎬ퓚맣랺뗷퇐ꆢ돤럖싛횤뫍탅쳜움맀뗄믹뒡짏ꎬ뿆퇐떥캻뫍퇐뺿5 1
탂붮닆헾얩튵뿆벼춶죫믺훆퇐뺿 헟룶죋쏷좷럖릤ꎬ닆헾뿆벼춶죫횱뷓풤쯣떽쿮쒿ꆢ뒴탂욽첨ꆢ떥캻뫍퇐뺿헟룶죋ꆣ복짙쿮쒿뺺헹뮷뷚ꎬ뷚쪡쿮쒿뺺헹럑폃ꎬ붵뗍얩튵뿆벼춶죫탐헾돉놾ꆣ퇐뺿쪱볤뗄뎤뛌ꆢ춶죫뗄뛠짙ꎬ늻쫇죋캪뗘맦뚨ꎬ뛸쫇평뿆톧퇐뺿놾짭뻶뚨ꆣ헢퇹퇐뺿헟늻뇘붫듳솿뺫솦뮨퓚짪쟫쫩뗄킴ꎬ펦뢶룷훖룷퇹뗄쿮쒿볬닩뗈럇퇐뺿릤ퟷ짏ꎬ뿉틔붫좫늿뺫솦벯훐떽얩튵뿆톧퇐뺿짏ꆣ쪵탐뺺헹춶죫뫍풤쯣춶죫쿠뷡뫏뗄탂뗄얩튵뿆벼춶죫믺훆ꎬ쓜릻컈뚨얩튵뿆벼뛓컩ꎬ좷놣얩튵뿆벼릤ퟷ헟내헕얩튵뿆톧퇐뺿ퟔ짭뗄맦싉뾪햹뿆퇐릤ퟷꆣ ꋛ뛔폚쓇킩폫탂붮뺭볃짧믡랢햹쏜쟐쿠맘뗄훘듳뗄얩튵뿆벼쿮쒿ꎬ뿉틔춨맽돐떣훷쳥뗄뺺헹믺훆살쪵쿖ꆣ쫗쿈평뿆벼쳼좷뚨쏷좷뗄얩튵뿆벼퇐뺿ꆢ뾪랢믲돉맻닺튵뮯쪵쪩쓚죝뫍쒿뇪ꎬ춨맽뺺헹믺훆톰헒돐떣훷쳥ꆣ돐떣훷쳥뿉틔쫇튻룶떥캻ꎬ튲뿉틔쫇떥캻폫떥캻ꆢ룶죋폫룶죋횮볤뗄잿잿솪뫏ꆣ훷돖죋뿉틔내헕릫뾪ꆢ욽뗈ꆢ뺺헹ꆢ퓱폅뗄풭퓲ꎬ뿉틔듲웆쫒ꆢ쯹ꆢ풺뷧쿞ꎬ짵훁뿉틔듲웆뗘쟸ꆢ늿쏅뷧쿞,춨맽울죎훆ퟔ훷ퟩ붨뿎쳢ퟩ늢돉캪ퟮ뫳퓰죎죋ꆣ 룟킧뗄맜샭믺훆 맜샭믺훆뻶뚨ퟅ얩튵뿆벼춶죫뗄엤훃킧싊뫍벼쫵킧싊ꎬ냼삨풤쯣맜샭ꆢ뺭럑쪹폃맜샭ꆢ돉맻맜샭죽룶ퟩ돉늿럖ꆣ (1)쒿잰맜샭믺훆퓋탐훐듦퓚뗄컊쳢쫇ꎺ ꋙ풤쯣맜샭늻릻맦랶ꆣ얩튵뿆퇐뺭럑풤쯣뇠훆폫풤쯣횴탐욫닮뷏듳쫇쒿잰웕뇩듦퓚뗄컊쳢ꎬ훷튪풭틲퓚폚ꎺ닆컱늿쏅쳡릩뗄닆컱탅쾢뻟폐뫜잿뗄튵탔ꎬ뿆벼죋풱늻틗헆컕ꆣ쿮쒿훷돖죋퓚뇠훆뿆퇐뺭럑풤쯣쪱ꎬ늻쓜뫜뫃뗘샻폃닆컱탅쾢좥횸떼뇠훆뿆퇐뺭럑풤쯣ꎬ훷튪쫇욾뺭퇩맀볆ꎬ떼훂뿆퇐뺭럑뗄풤쯣횴탐쟩뿶폫엺뢴뗄풤쯣욫닮듳ꎻ쿮쒿짪쟫죋뛔얩튵뿆퇐뺭럑맜샭탨튪ퟱ톭뗄폐맘쿮뺭럑맜샭냬램뫍닆컱맜샭뗄맦헂훆뛈쇋뷢늻릻ꎬ떼훂쿮쒿뎬풤쯣횴탐ꎻ뿆퇐뺭럑풤쯣엺뢴쫩평쿮쒿훷돖죋놣맜ꎬ닆컱늿쏅횻쫇내헕닆컱맦헂훆뛈볠뚽맜샭뿆퇐뺭럑뗄쪹폃ꎬ떼훂닆컱맜샭폫쿮쒿맜샭췑뷚ꎻ뿆퇐뺭럑풤쯣뇠훆짨훃뗄쿮쒿쓚죝폫닆컱늿쏅횴탐뗄ꆶ뿆톧쫂튵떥캻믡볆훆뛈ꆷ훐맦뚨뗄믡볆뿆쒿뗄짨훃쓚죝듦퓚ퟅ튻뚨닮뻠ꎬ떼훂닆컱늿쏅내믡볆뫋쯣쳡릩뗄폐킩탅쾢폫뿆퇐뺭럑풤쯣엺뢴뗄뿉뇈탔닮ꆣ 52
탂붮얩튵듳톧쮶쪿톧캻싛컄 ꋚ뺭럑맜샭릫뾪탔늻릻ꆣ평폚쿖탐뗄뿆퇐뺭럑맜샭뗄릫쪾훆뛈뮹쎻폐웕뇩붨솢ꆢ붡좫ꎬ쫆뇘퓬돉튻랽쏦뿎쳢짪쟫죋횮볤탅쾢늻뛔돆ꎬ췹췹돶쿖쮭췹뿆벼훷맜늿쏅엜뗃뛠ꎬ쮭믱뗃뗄탅쾢뻍뛠ꎬ쮭뻍죝틗뗃떽뿎쳢ꎬ튲죝틗뗃떽뺭럑횧돖ꎻ쇭튻랽쏦뺭럑럖엤맽돌뫍뺭럑럖늼ힴ뿶춸쏷뛈늻릻ꎬ퓶볓쇋“낵쿤닙ퟷ”뗄뿉쓜탔ꆣ ꋛ뿎쳢훆돉캪뺭럑맜샭뗄훷튪랽쪽ꆣퟔ뿎쳢훆쪵쪩틔살ꎬ뿎쳢맦쒣폐쇋쏷쿔퓶뎤ꎬ뿎쳢럑뗄퓶뎤뿬폚쫂튵럑뗄퓶뎤ꎬ뿎쳢럑퓚뿆퇐믺릹듓쫂퇐뺿훐쯹냧퇝뗄뷇즫풽살풽훘튪ꎬ늢햼뻝쇋훷떼뗘캻ꆣ뿎쳢훆뛔놣헏얩튵뿆퇐믺릹뗄돖탸퇐뺿뻟폐훘튪뗄ퟷ폃ꆣ떫쫇ꎬ뿎쳢훆튲듦퓚튻뚨뗄뻖쿞탔ꎬ훷튪뇭쿖퓚ꎺ튻쫇쿷죵쇋뿆벼풴뗄헻쳥쓜솦뗄랢믓ꎻ뛾쫇쿷죵쇋뿆벼믹뒡짨쪩붨짨뗄믽벫탔ꎻ죽쫇펰쿬쇋붻닦ꆢퟛ뫏쇬폲뗄퇐뺿ꎻ쯄쫇펰쿬쇋릫폃탔뿆톧틇웷짨놸뗄룼탂ꆣ ꋜ돉맻맜샭쎻폐뗃떽ퟣ릻뗄훘쫓ꎬ횻힢훘퇩쫕뛸뫶쫓돉맻펦폃ꆣ탂붮쿖탐뗄돉맻맜샭믺훆듦퓚ퟅ훮뛠늻ퟣꎺ쫗쿈ꎬ쿖탐뗄볒움짳믺훆듦퓚ퟅ횸뇪탩뮯뗄쿖쿳ꎬ뿆톧벼쫵움볛럖샠늻쏷좷ꎬ폃춬튻움볛뇪ힼ움볛늻춬샠탍뗄뿆톧벼쫵믮뚯ꎬ늻쓜뿍맛ꆢ헦쪵ꆢힼ좷뗘랴펳늻춬움볛뛔쿳뗄쪵볊쟩뿶ꎻ웤듎ꎬ뛔폚얩튵뿆퇐돉맻듦퓚ퟅ훘쫽솿쟡훊솿뗄쟣쿲ꎬ헢퓚튻뚨돌뛈짏훺뎤쇋뢡퓪뢡뿤뗄늻솼럧웸뫍벱릦뷼샻뗄뛌웚탐캪ꎻ뗚죽ꎬ볒움틩훆뛈뫍탅폾훆뛈늻릻췪짆ꎬ퓚튻킩움볛믮뚯훐듦퓚훘죋쟩ꆢ삭맘쾵ꆢ놾캻훷틥뗈쿖쿳ꎬ돉맻본뚨쪱뺭뎣쫇움짳볒폫돉맻돖폐죋튻췅뫍웸ꎬ냽붱뗄뛠ꎬ엺움뗄짙ꎬퟟ탎쪽ꆢퟟ맽뎡뗄뷔듳뮶쾲뗄쿖쿳ꎬ펰쿬쇋움볛릤ퟷ뗄뿍맛탔폫릫헽탔ꎻ뗚쯄ꎬ돉맻맜샭듳뛠횹폚뛔쎿룶돉맻ퟶ돶훮죧“룃돉맻쫴폚××튻쇷ꎬ듯떽××쮮욽ꎬ쳮늹쇋××뿕냗”뗄움볛ꎬ탭뛠얩튵뿆퇐돉맻퓚뷸탐돉맻뗇볇뫳뇣쫸횮룟룳ꎬ쎻폐뷸탐돉맻뗄뮯펦폃ꎬ쫇뛔폐쿞뿆퇐뺭럑뗄퇏훘샋럑ꆣ (2)탂맜샭믺훆뗄릹붨 룟킧뗄맜샭믺훆쓜릻놣헏얩튵뿆벼춶죫랢믓ퟮ병킧틦ꎬ좫쏦횧독얩튵뿆퇐릤ퟷ뫍벼쫵췆맣ꆣ첽쯷쫊뫏얩튵뿆벼춶죫맜샭쳘뗣뗄맜샭믺훆ꎬ쫇탂붮닆헾뛔얩튵뿆벼춶죫훐뇘탫뾼싇뗄훘뗣쓚죝ꆣ튪춨맽붨헂솢훆ꎬ늻뛏췪짆풤쯣맜샭쳥쾵ꎬ뛂죻슩뚴ꎻ붫뺭럑움짳ꆢ뺭럑럖엤뫍뺭럑맜샭맽돌쿲릫훚릫뾪ꎬ쳡룟뺭럑뗄릫뾪탔뫍춸쏷뛈ꎻ잿뮯돉맻맜샭샭쓮ꎬ폐킧뗘볓잿뫍췪짆맜샭ꎬ믽벫췆뷸돉맻뗄췆맣뫍펦폃ꆣ 5 3
탂붮닆헾얩튵뿆벼춶죫믺훆퇐뺿 ꋙ맦랶뺭럑풤쯣맜샭ꆣꆶ맘폚맺볒뿆퇐볆뮮쪵쪩뿎쳢훆맜샭뗄맦뚨ꆷ뗄냤늼쪵쪩ꎬ캪탂붮얩튵뿆퇐뺭럑뗄맜샭쳡릩쇋헾닟틀뻝ꆣ닆헾벰헾뢮폐맘얩튵뿆벼맜샭늿쏅펦릲춬퇐뺿ꎬ쾸뮯풤쯣뇠훆ꎬ붫풤쯣뻟쳥뇠훆떽쿮쒿믲뿎쳢ꎬ뛔뻟쳥쿮쒿믲뿎쳢뷸탐좫뛮풤쯣ꎬ폐샻폚뿆퇐뺭럑뗄쪹폃뫍맜샭ꆣ얩튵뿆퇐쿮쒿돐떣떥캻뗄뿆퇐맜샭늿쏅벰닆컱늿쏅퓚짪쟫뿆퇐뺭럑쪱뻍펦킭훺쿮쒿뢺퓰죋뇠훆헦쪵ꆢ뫏샭ꆢ폐킧뗄뺭럑풤쯣ꎻ얩튵뿆벼맜샭늿쏅퓚쎿룶뿆퇐쿮쒿잩뚩뫏춬잰ꎬ뻍펦뛔뫏춬쯹쇐뺭럑풤쯣뷸탐죏헦짳엺ꎬ뫋복늻뇘튪뗄뾪횧ꎬ솦쟳뷓뷼쪵볊ꎬ늢냑뺭럑뾪횧쟩뿶ퟷ캪쿮쒿훐뇪쳵볾횮튻ꆣ ꋚ붨솢웰탅폃훆뛈ꎬ췪짆얩튵뿆벼춶죫맜샭ꆣ뿆벼볆뮮쪵쪩훐뗄탅폃컊쳢횱뷓맘쾵떽헾뢮뿆벼춶죫뗄쪹폃킧싊ꎬ늢뛔좫짧믡뗄탅폃ퟟ쿲웰떽떼쿲ퟷ폃ꎬ뛔짧믡탅폃ힴ뿶튲믡닺짺튻뚨뗄펰쿬ꆣ얩튵뿆벼믮뚯샠탍뢴퓓ꎬ쿠맘뺭럑쟾뗀튲뫜뛠ꎬ틲듋튪헫뛔룷샠맜샭뛔쿳훆뚨쿠펦뗄맜샭냬램ꎬ훰늽탎돉췪짆얩튵뿆벼춶죫뗄탅폃맜샭믺훆ꆣ헢퇹ퟶ튻랽쏦뿉틔쳡룟얩튵뿆벼춶죫맜샭쮮욽ꎬ쳡룟뺭럑럖엤뗄릫헽탔뫍폐킧탔ꎬ캪ퟮ훕볲뮯뺭럑맜샭뫍붵뗍맜샭ퟜ돉놾쳡릩믹뒡ꎻ쇭튻랽쏦ꎬ뿉틔맦랶얩튵뿆벼죋풱뗄뺭럑쪹폃탐캪ꎬ복짙늻뫏샭뗄뷰횧돶ꎬ복짙샋럑ꎬ쪹닆헾뗄얩튵뿆벼춶죫킧틦ퟮ듳뮯ꆣ ꋛ췪짆돉맻움볛훆뛈ꆣ얩튵뿆벼믮뚯뗄뢴퓓탔튪쟳뛔얩튵뿆벼춶죫뗄움볛튪탎돉튻쳗폐킧뛸뫏샭뗄냬램ꎬ펦훰늽췪짆볒움틩돌탲틔벰쫐뎡움볛횸뇪쳥쾵ꆣ뛔얩튵뿆벼돉맻뗄움볛ꎬ튪볓잿쫐뎡벰펦폃잰뺰뗄럖컶ꎬ틽죫짧믡훐뷩움맀훆뛈ꆣ뛔훮죧믹뒡퇐뺿랽쏦뗄돉맻ꎬ튪훘뗣움볛웤톧쫵볛횵ꎻ뛔펦폃탔퇐뺿돉맻튪ퟅ훘움볛웤펦폃볛횵ꎬ틔벰뛔얩튵짺닺뗄릱쿗ꆢ뛔짺첬뮷뺳놣뮤뗄릱쿗뗈ꎻ뛔폚쓇킩톧쫵쮮욽뫍벼쫵쮮욽늻튻뚨뫜룟ꎬ떫퓚얩튵짺닺쪵볊훐럇뎣쓜뷢뻶컊쳢ꎬ뫜쫜얩쏱뮶펭뗄퇐뺿돉맻ꎬ펦훘뗣움볛웤짧믡킧틦ꆣ 퇏룱뗄볠뚽믺훆 (1)쒿잰얩튵뿆벼뺭럑볠뚽훐듦퓚뗄컊쳢ꎺ 뎤웚틔살ꎬ탂붮뗄얩튵뿆퇐쿮쒿퓚췪돉볆뮮죎컱뷡쳢쪱ꎬ횻탨튪쿮쒿돐떣떥캻뛔떽캻뗄뿆벼뺭럑뷸탐뻶쯣벴뿉ꎬ훁폚뺭럑뗄뻟쳥폃춾폫뻶쯣뇭춨뎣쫇벫늻튻훂뗄ꆣ뷼쓪살ꎬ퓚닆헾ꆢ짳볆ꆢ뿆벼맜샭뗈늿쏅뗄릲춬얬솦쿂ꎬ볠뚽쳥쾵헽퓚탎돉뫍췪짆훐ꎬ떫쫇쒿잰 54
탂붮얩튵듳톧쮶쪿톧캻싛컄 뗄볠뚽쳥쾵폫뛀솢ꆢ뿍맛ꆢ릫헽뫍룟킧뗄튪쟳쿠뇈ꎬ뮹듦퓚튻킩컊쳢ꎺ ꋙ좱랦튻룶뿆톧ꆢ뛀솢뗄폫얩튵뿆퇐폐맘뗄뛔뿆벼볆뮮뫍쿮쒿뷸탐움맀뫍볠뚽뗄믺훆ꎬ탭뛠뺭럑쎻폐뗃떽펦폐뗄볠뚽ꎬ듦퓚뛠훖늻뫏샭쿖쿳ꆣ탂붮탭뛠뿆벼볆뮮훺뗄쿮쒿ꎬ뚼쫇늿쏅ퟔ벺좷솢ꆢퟔ틑퇩쫕ꎬ좱랦폫웤쯻뿆벼풤쯣좨솦늿쏅뗄릵춨ꎬ튲좱랦뇈뷏뛀솢뗄벨킧움볛믺훆ꆣ벴쪹퓚튻룶늿쏅쓚ꎬ튲췹췹쓑틔쪵쿖폐킧뗄훆뫢ꆣ탭뛠뿆퇐쿮쒿퓚뫏춬훐뛔뿆퇐뺭럑뗄쪹폃랶캧폫뇈샽뗈뚼ퟷ쇋쏷좷맦뚨ꎬ떫퓚쪵볊닙ퟷ훐ꎬ뛔뿆퇐뺭럑뗄쪹폃췹췹뎬풽쇋뫏춬맦뚨뗄랶캧ꎬ죧쿻럑탔횧돶뇈샽맽룟뗈ꎬ떼훂폐뗄뿆퇐쿮쒿뢺퓰죋듦퓚뎬잰쪹폃뿆퇐뺭럑뗄쿖쿳ꎬ퇐뺿릤ퟷ뾪쪼늻뻃ꎬ쿮쒿뺭럑벺쯹쪣컞벸ꎻ뛸폐뗄뿆퇐쿮쒿췪돉뫳ꎬ뺭럑뮹폐듳솿뷡폠ꆣ ꋚ쿮쒿뺭럑듦퓚ퟅ뛠춷볠뚽뗄쟩뿶ꆣ늻횻퓚탂붮ꎬ뻍쫇퓚좫맺ꎬ늻춬뗄얩튵뿆벼볆뮮췹췹폐ퟅ늻춬뗄뺭럑맜샭냬램ꆣ평폚룷룶뿆벼볆뮮뺭럑살풴쟾뗀늻튻ꎬ좱랦춳튻맦랶뗄뿆쒿뇪ힼꎬ뛸튻룶뿆퇐떥캻췹췹믡돐떣ퟅ뛠룶럖쫴늻춬뿆벼볆뮮뗄뿎쳢ꆣ뷶맜샭럑튻쿮ꎬ맦뚨쳡좡뗄뇈샽뻍뫜늻튻훂ꆣ샽죧탂붮뷌폽쳼뗄뿆벼볆뮮쿮쒿맦뚨내헕5%뗄뇈샽쫕좡맜샭럑ꎬ뛸뿆벼쳼뗄뿆벼볆뮮쿮쒿퓲튪쟳럖뛎쳡좡맜샭럑ꆣ쏦뛔ퟅ늻춬샠탍뗄짳볆ꎬ듳늿럖뿆퇐믺릹듦퓚ퟅ캪쇋펦뢶짳볆뷸탐뗷헊뗄쿖쿳ꎬ볈퓬돉헊쒿뗄뿉탅뛈닮ꎬ폖쪹뗃뿆퇐믺릹욣폚펦뢶ꆣ (2)릹붨탂뗄볠뚽믺훆 볠뚽믺훆쫇얩튵뿆벼춶죫뫏샭럖엤뫍폐킧쪹폃뗄훘튪놣횤ꆣ캪쳡룟탂붮얩튵뿆벼춶죫뗄쪹폃킧싊ꎬ볓잿얩튵뿆벼춶죫볠뚽뗄훷튪쒿뗄쫇붨솢웰퇏룱ꆢ췪짆뗄쫊뫏얩튵뿆퇐ퟔ짭맦싉뫍쳘뗣뗄ꎬ맡뒩얩튵뿆퇐뿎쳢벰뺭럑뗄솢쿮ꆢ횴탐ꆢ뷡쳢ꆢ움볛좫맽돌뗄ꎬ릫욽ꆢ릫헽ꆢ뫏샭뗄볠뚽믺훆ꎬ쪹뿆벼춶죫볠맜훆뛈뮯ꆢ맦랶뮯ꎬ캪얩튵뿆벼랢햹뒴퓬릫욽ꆢ맦랶ꆢ룟킧뗄뮷뺳ꆣ쫗쿈ꎬ펦훆뚨쿮쒿맙풱릤ퟷ맦랶ꎻ웤듎ꎬ펦붨솢뛀솢폚닆헾ꆢ뿆벼맜샭늿쏅틔췢뗄훐뷩믺릹ꎬ볓잿뛔뿆퇐뺭럑쪹폃뗄짳볆ꎬ뛔닆헾뿆벼뺭럑뗄럖엤벰웤쪹폃뷸탐볠뿘ꎬ쪹폐쿞뗄뷰돤럖랢믓웤ퟷ폃ꎬ뇜쏢돉캪쒳킩늿쏅뫍룶죋믱좡쮽샻뗄뛔쿳ꆣ훷튪펦볠뚽뗄쓚죝폐ꎺ ꋙ솢쿮움짳뮷뷚펦볠뚽쫇럱릫뾪ꆢ릫헽뫍춸쏷ꎬ뇜쏢낵쿤닙ퟷꆣ쿮쒿짪쟫돌탲뫍훆뛈뗄춸쏷쫇맣듳뿆퇐죋풱뗄웚듽ꆣ붨틩킧럂맺볒ퟔ좻뿆톧믹뷰캯풱믡뗄ퟶ램ꎬ움짳볒5 5
탂붮닆헾얩튵뿆벼춶죫믺훆퇐뺿 펦룃평뿧쪡쟸ꆢ뿧탐튵ꆢ뿧늿쏅뛠랽쏦ퟩ돉ꎬ늢닉좡믘뇜훆뛈ꎬ좷놣솢쿮움짳뗄릫뾪ꆢ릫욽ꆢ릫헽ꆣ평짮볒ퟩ돉쿮쒿움짳톯캯풱믡ꎬ뛔움짳뷡맻뷸탐냑맘ꎬ볡뻶얤쿮쒿움짳훐뗄훖훖캥맦탐캪ꆣ ꋚ쿮쒿쪵쪩맽돌펦볠뚽뺭럑쫇럱헦헽폃퓚뿆퇐뾪랢믮뚯훐ꎬ쫇럱듦퓚뷰얲폃뗈컊쳢ꆣ돽뛔튻냣쿮쒿뷸탐볠뚽췢ꎬ뮹펦훘뗣룺ퟙ쓇킩훺뛮뛈뇈뷏듳뗄쿮쒿ꎬ뿉캯췐뻟폐훊뗄믡볆쪦쫂컱쯹뚨웚뛔웤뺭럑뗄쪹폃뷸탐짳뫋ꆣ ꋛ뷡쳢쪱펦볠뚽쿮쒿돐떣떥캻쫇럱퇏룱ퟱ쫘폐맘맦뚨ꎬ내풤쯣ꆢ뫏춬벰뫏램뗄닆컱욾횤벰쪱뇠훆뿆퇐쿮쒿뺭럑뻶쯣ꎬ늢뛔뻶쯣뗄헦쪵탔ꆢힼ좷탔뢺퓰ꆣ룹뻝쪵볊쟩뿶훆뚨뿆퇐쿮쒿뺭럑뷡폠맜샭냬램ꎬ쏷좷뷡헋쪱볤ꆢ뷡폠뺭럑럖엤뇈샽벰폃춾ꆣ ꋜ쿮쒿움볛뮷뷚펦볠뚽쿮쒿움볛쫇럱ퟟ맽뎡ꎬ쫇럱뿍맛ꆢ퇏뷷ꆣ뿉틔캯췐뻟폐훊뗄훐뷩움맀믺릹뛔쿮쒿뷸탐뿆톧움맀ꎬ튪헫뛔쿮쒿뗄솢쿮뫏춬뷸탐퇏룱뗄움볛ꎬ튻랽쏦튪움볛쿮쒿뗄뿆퇐쒿뇪쫇럱쪵쿖ꎬ퇐뺿쓚죝쫇럱췪돉ꎬ퇐뺿뷡맻쫇럱뿉뾿뗈ꎻ쇭튻랽쏦튪뿍맛뗘움볛쿮쒿뗄뺭볃킧틦믲짧믡킧틦ꆣ 56
탂붮얩튵듳톧쮶쪿톧캻싛컄 뗚5헂 탂붮닆헾횧돖얩튵뿆벼춶죫뗄뛔닟폫붨틩 퇐뺿뇭쏷ꎬ뺡맜쿖뷗뛎탂붮닆헾뛔폚얩튵뿆벼뗄춶죫럇뎣폐쿞ꎬ뛸쟒퓚춶죫훐듦퓚뫜뛠컊쳢ꎬ떫웤폫얩튵뺭볃랢햹ꆢ얩쏱퓶쫕횮볤듦퓚ퟅ뷏룟뗄맘솪뛈ꎬ캪쪹폐쿞뗄탂붮닆헾얩튵뿆벼춶죫닺짺룼듳뗄킧틦ꎬ놾퇐뺿쳡돶죧쿂헾닟붨틩ꆣ 샭쮳늢췪짆얩튵뿆벼춶죫쳥훆ꎬ틔“탨”뚨“퇐”ꎬ뿆톧뻶닟 뻍얩튵뿆벼춶죫쳥훆뛸퇔ꎬ떱잰탂붮닆헾얩튵뿆벼춶죫뗄뻟쳥쮼슷뫍믹놾뿲볜뮹쎻폐뎹뗗냚췑쳵뿩럖룮뗄볆뮮뺭볃뗄쫸뢿ꎬ퇐뺿믺릹내탐헾솥쫴맘쾵럖춷맜샭ꆢ닆헾럖춷늦뿮ꎬ퓬돉죋솦뫍뷰뗈뿆벼풴놻퇏훘럖즢ꆢ샋럑ꆣ 훆뛈뗄잷좱늻쓜ퟮ듳쿞뛈뗘랢믓닆헾뷰뗄쪹폃킧틦ꎬ쿠랴룼뛠뗄춶죫뿉쓜믡퓬돉룼듳뗄샋럑ꆣ틲듋ꎬ뒫춳뗄볆뮮뺭볃쳥훆쿂탎돉뗄뒫춳쮼캬쒣쪽뫍평듋뛸탎돉뗄튻쾵쇐맜샭훆뛈탨튪룄룯ꆣ횻폐뷸튻늽샭쮳얩튵뿆벼쳥훆ꎬ췪짆얩튵뿆벼춶죫믺훆ꎬ닅쓜늻뛏듙뷸탂붮얩튵뗄ퟔ훷뒴탂쓜솦돖탸컈뚨뗘퓶잿ꆣ 퓚쏀맺ꆢ펢맺ꆢ죕놾뗈얩튵랢듯맺볒뗄맺볒닣쏦튲뻍뷶폐튻솽룶늿쏅맜샭폫얩튵뿆벼춶죫쿠맘뗄쫂컱ꎬ뛸퓚탂붮폫얩튵뿆벼춶죫폐맘뗄늿쏅좴듯쪮벸룶횮뛠ꆣ틲듋ꎬ헫뛔탂붮뺭볃랢햹쮮욽뷏뗍ꎬ닆솦폐쿞뗄뻟쳥쟩뿶ꎬ붨틩퓚탂붮돉솢뿧늿쏅뗄얩튵뿆퇐맜샭캯풱믡ꎬ헻뫏뫍킭뗷쿖폐뿆벼볆뮮훐뛔얩튵뿆퇐뗄춶죫ꎬ쳡룟얩튵뿆퇐풴뗄엤훃킧싊ꆣ춬쪱캪쇋뷢뻶탂붮얩튵뿆벼춶죫훐뻶닟ꆢ뿆퇐폫얩쏱벼쫵탨쟳췑뷚뗄컊쳢ꎬ폐맘룷늿쏅펦퓚얩튵뿆퇐맜샭캯풱믡뗄춳튻낲업쿂ꎬ퓚쏷좷맦뮮랶캧뗄잰쳡쿂ꎬ탎돉뿆톧뫏샭뗄럖릤뢺퓰훆ꎬ좺닟좺솦ퟶ뫃릤ퟷꆣ얩튵뿆퇐맜샭캯풱믡펦볡뚨뿎쳢듓짺닺훐살ꎬ듓쫐뎡훐살ꎬ돉맻캪짺닺ꆢ쫐뎡럾컱뗄쮼쿫ꎬ뛔얩튵뿆퇐뷸탐랽쿲탔틽떼ꎬ뿉틔춨맽룷뗘훝쫐뿆벼뻖ꆢ얩튵뻖ꆢ탳쓁뻖ꆢ쇖튵뻖뗈늿쏅쎿쓪쿲얩쏱헷벯떱뗘얩튵짺닺훐탨튪뷢뻶뗄벼쫵쓑쳢ꎬ벯훐믣ퟜ뫳ꎬ붫웤훐벱탨뷢뻶뗄쓑쳢뇠죫뷼웚뗄쿮쒿횸쓏ꎬ릩룷뿆퇐믺릹짪놨ꆣ뺡뿉쓜붫얩튵뿆벼쿮쒿뗄잰웚릤ퟷ죕뎣뮯ꆢ돌탲뮯ꆢ맦랶뮯ꎬ욽쪱뻍짮죫쾸훂뗘ퟶ뫃쿮쒿뗄ퟩ횯닟뮮ꆢ뿉탐탔럖컶ꆢ쫐뎡풤닢ꆢ킧틦움맀ꆢ랽낸폅뮯뗈릤ퟷꎬ캪퓶볓얩튵뿆벼5 7
탂붮닆헾얩튵뿆벼춶죫믺훆퇐뺿 춶죫뒢놸튻엺잰웚릤ퟷ짮죫ꎬ놳뺰쇏웫좫ꎬ쓜릻듸뚯탂붮뺭볃랢햹뗄뫃쿮쒿ꎬ퓶볓얩튵뿆벼쿮쒿낲업뗄뿉톡퓱탔ꎬ쪹폐킧뗄얩튵뿆퇐춶죫랢믓ퟮ듳뗄킧틦ꆣ 붨솢뛠풪뮯뗄얩튵뿆벼춶죫쳥쾵ꎬ쳡룟얩튵뿆벼춶죫쮮욽 춶죫믺훆뻶뚨ퟅ얩튵뿆퇐뺭럑뗄맦쒣ꆢ뷡릹뫍랽쪽ꆣ2005쓪훐퇫1뫅컄볾뻍쳡돶“튪듳럹뛈퓶볓뛔얩튵뿆퇐뗄춶죫ꎬ볓뿬붨솢틔헾뢮캪훷떼ꆢ짧믡솦솿맣랺닎폫뗄뛠풪뮯얩튵뿆퇐춶죫쳥쾵ꎬ탎돉컈뚨뗄춶죫퓶뎤쳥훆ꆣ”틲듋폐뇘튪퓚탂붮얬솦펪퓬튻룶뛠풪뮯뗄춶럕캧ꆣ 잿뮯헾뢮뗄춶죫 ꆶ얩튵램ꆷꆢꆶ얩튵뿆벼랢햹룙튪ꆷ뫍훐퇫뷼벸쓪뗄튻뫅컄볾뚼폐맦뚨ꎬ펦훆뚨ꆶ얩튵춶죫램ꆷꎬ뛔헾뢮뗄춶죫벰웤퓶뎤싊뗈ퟶ돶뻟쳥뛸쏷좷뗄맦뚨ꎬ좷놣얩튵뿆벼춶죫뗄벰쪱ퟣ뛮떽캻ꎬ늢뷏뿬퓶뎤ꆣ탂붮헾뢮펦룃룹뻝ퟔ짭뗄뻟쳥쟩뿶ꎬ잿뮯닆헾퓚얩튵뿆벼춶죫훐뗄훷쳥뗘캻ꎬ뾼싇훆뚨쿠펦뗄헾닟램맦ꎬ틔램싉뗄탎쪽놣횤탂붮얩튵뿆벼춶죫뗄뇈샽쯦얩튵뗄랢햹뛸훰쓪컈늽퓶뎤ꎬ쪹ꆶ얩튵램ꆷ뫍ꆶ뿆벼뷸늽램ꆷ훐뗄뿆벼춶퓶뎤싊뇘탫룟폚닆헾뺭뎣탔쫕죫퓶뎤뗄뻶뚨실떽쪵뒦ꆣ놾퇐뺿죏캪탂붮닆헾뛔얩튵뿆벼죽쿮럑폃뗄춶죫뇈샽펦룃평쿖퓚햼닆헾얩튵춶죫ퟜ뛮뗄%ퟳ폒훰늽쳡룟떽%틔짏ꎬ춬쪱뮹펦좷놣닆헾얩튵뿆벼춶죫햼얩튵뿆벼ퟜ춶죫뗄50%틔짏ꎬ늢쟒평닆헾퇏룱“쟐뿩”싄탐ꆣ 틽떼짧믡솦솿퓶볓춶죫 (1)틽떼붮쓚췢짦얩웳튵볓듳뿆벼춶죫ꆣ펦뒴퓬폐샻폚웳튵닎폫얩튵뿆벼믮뚯뗄뮷뺳ꎬ돤럖랢믓웳튵ퟷ캪뿆벼춶죫뗄훷쳥ꆢ벼쫵뒴탂뗄훷쳥ꆢ돉맻뮯뗄훷쳥뗄ퟷ폃ꎬ맄샸붮쓚췢짦얩웳튵캪탂붮ퟩ횯뗄릫틦탍얩튵뿆퇐쿮쒿쳡릩뷰횧돖ꎬ춬쪱춨맽붨솢붡좫쿠펦뗄횪쪶닺좨놣뮤뗄램싉램맦쳥쾵뫍쫐뎡램맦쳥쾵ꎬ틔램싉뗄탎쪽쏷좷뿆벼돉맻뗄닺좨맘쾵벰쫕틦럖엤맘쾵ꎬ볓듳횪쪶닺좨뗄놣뮤솦뛈ꎬ캬뮤쫐뎡릫욽뺺헹ꎬ놣뮤웳튵ퟔ훷 58
탂붮얩튵듳톧쮶쪿톧캻싛컄 뾪랢벼쫵뫍닺욷뗄믽벫탔ꎬ컼틽붮쓚췢짦얩웳튵퓶볓뛔탂붮얩튵뿆벼뗄춶죫ꆣ (2)믽벫췘햹췢춶죫쟾뗀ꆣ펦룃훆뚨폅믝뗄헾닟ꎬ내헕뮥샻뮥믝뗄풭퓲ꎬ틔쫐뎡캪떼쿲ꎬ틔샻틦캪뚯솦ꎬ헹좡맺볊뿆벼뫏ퟷ폫풮훺ꎬ맄샸늢컼틽맺췢뿆퇐믺릹ꆢ웳튵뫍룶죋뛔탂붮얩튵뿆퇐뫍벼쫵뾪랢뷸탐춶ꆣ (3)쇩믮퓋폃닆헾ꆢ쮰쫕ꆢ뷰죚뗈룷훖횧돖랽쪽벤샸얩튵뿆벼뒴탂ꆣ탂붮닆헾뿉틔뾼싇쪹폃쮰쫕폅믝ꆢ닆헾쳹쾢ꆢ엤쳗춶죫ꆢ닆헾늹쳹뗈쫖뛎ꎬ볤뷓횧돖ꆢ맄샸얩튵뿆벼믮뚯ꆣ (4)믽벫첽쯷얩튵뿆벼럧쿕춶뗄퓋ퟷꆣ뿉틔뾼싇짨솢얩튵뿆벼웳튵랢햹믹뷰ꎬ훘뗣폃폚얩튵뿆벼탍웳튵떣놣듻뿮쳹쾢벰쿮쒿늹훺뗈ꎻ훰늽붨솢얩튵뿆벼뒴탂럧쿕믹뷰ꎬ폃폚뮯뷢럖즢룟ꆢ뺫ꆢ볢벼쫵퇐뺿뾪랢ꆢ뿆톧쪵퇩ꆢ췆맣쪹폃훐뗄춶럧쿕ꆣ (5)퓊탭웳튵ꆢ룶죋뗈짧믡솦솿뻨돉솢얩튵벼쫵믹뷰믡ꎬ쏅럶돖얩튵뿆벼퇐뺿ꆢ뾪랢ꆢ췆맣뫍붱샸얩튵뿆벼죋풱ꎬ듙뷸탂붮얩튵뿆벼뗄랢햹ꆣ 폅뮯닆헾얩튵뿆벼춶죫뷡릹ꎬ쳡룟헾뢮뛔얩튵뿆벼뗄춶죫킧싊 얩튵뿆벼춶죫뷡릹뗄늻뫏샭ꎬ믡듳듳펰쿬춶죫뷰킧틦뗄랢믓ꆣ 쳡룟닆헾얩튵뿆벼춶죫훐믹뒡퇐뺿뗄춶죫뇈훘 쯦ퟅ뿆벼폫뺭볃뗄랢햹ꎬ믹뒡퇐뺿쿔뗃풽살풽훘튪ꆣ틲듋닆헾뛔폚믹뒡퇐뺿뗄춶죫퓚헻룶뿆벼춶죫훐쯹햼뗄뇈훘튲펦훰늽쳡룟ꆣ얩튵믹뒡퇐뺿쯹햼뗄뇈훘맽뗍ꎬ붫퇏훘펰쿬탂붮얩튵뿆퇐뗄ퟜ쳥뒴탂쓜솦뫍뺺헹쓜솦ꎬ믡떼훂뒢놸늻ퟣꎬ횱뷓펰쿬떽펦폃퇐뺿뫍뾪랢퇐뺿뗄랢햹뫳뺢ꆣ샮죱뗈뛔랢듯맺볒얩튵뿆퇐춶죫닣듎탔뷡릹뗄퇐뺿뇭쏷ꎬ퓚헻룶퇐뺿춶훐믹뒡퇐뺿ꆢ펦폃퇐뺿ꆢ뾪랢퇐뺿춶뗄뇈샽틑믹놾쟷쿲튻훂ꎬ듳풼캪1ꇃ2~3ꇃ5~6ꎬ벴얩튵믹뒡퇐뺿뇈훘펦듯떽10%틔짏ꆣ붨틩탂붮짨솢얩튵믹뒡퇐뺿쿮믹뷰ꎬ붫얩튵믹뒡퇐뺿뺭럑훰늽쳡룟떽햼얩튵뿆퇐ퟜ뺭럑횧돶뗄10%ퟳ폒ꆣ 5 9
탂붮닆헾얩튵뿆벼춶죫믺훆퇐뺿 뫏샭낲업얩튵뿆퇐춶훐얩튵쓚늿룷닺튵뗄춶죫뇈훘 얩튵내쓚늿닺튵뷡릹듳훂짏뿉틔뮮럖캪훖횲튵ꆢ쇖맻튵ꆢ퇸횳튵뫍웤쯻ꎨ냼삨얩튵믺킵ꆢ얩쇖닺욷볓릤뗈ꎩꆣ듓2001-2006쓪탂붮뿆벼쳼퓚얩튵쓚늿4룶닺튵뗄뿆퇐쿮쒿춶퓚얩튵뿆퇐ퟜ춶훐쯹햼욽뻹뇈훘살뾴ꎬ훖횲튵쯹햼뇈훘캪%ꎬ퇸횳튵쯹햼뇈훘캪%ꎬ쇖맻튵캪%ꎬ웤쯻캪%ꆣ듓탂붮뺭볃짧믡컈뚨뗄듳뻖뾼싇ꎬ듓얩튵쿖듺뮯폫뿉돖탸랢햹햽싔돶랢ꎬ얩튵뿆퇐춶뗄닺튵뷡릹뗷헻ꎬ펦볌탸놣돖뛔훖횲튵춶뗄훷떼뗘캻ꎬ쳘뇰쫇솸ꆢ쏞ꆢ폍뗈믹놾짺믮쇏횱뷓맘쾵떽맺볆쏱짺뫍죋쏱짺믮뗄룄짆ꎬ뛔웤춶뇈훘펦룟폚웤쯻탐튵ꎬ놣돖퓚40%틔짏쫇쪮럖뇘튪뗄ꆣ룹뻝탂붮쿻럑헟짅쪳뷡릹뗄뇤뮯벰뛔탳닺욷탨쟳퓶뎤뗄쟷쫆ꎬ쒿잰탳쓁튵뿆퇐춶뇈훘믹놾뫏샭ꎬ펦컈뚨퓚25%ꆫ30%ꆣ쇖맻튵횱뷓맘쾵떽탂붮뗄짺첬뮷뺳뫍죋쏱뗄짺믮훊솿ꎬ탂붮얩튵뿆퇐춶훐쇖맻튵쯹햼뗄뇈훘펦놣돖퓚20%ꆫ25%ꆣ웤쯻(냼삨얩튵믺킵ꆢ얩쇖닺욷볓릤뗈)쯹햼뗄뇈훘퓚10%ꆫ15%뇈뷏쫊틋ꆣ 퓶볓뛔얩튵룟뗈풺킣뗄뿆벼춶죫 룟뗈톧킣뗄죽듳횰쓜쫇죋닅엠퇸ꆢ뿆톧퇐뺿뫍짧믡럾컱ꆣ쯦ퟅ뿆톧벼쫵뗄랢햹ꎬ룟뗈뷌폽퓚뺭볃랢햹훐뗄ퟷ폃풽살풽훘튪ꆣ퓚뷌폽뺭볃킧틦훐ꎬ뿆벼춶죫쫇췆뚯룟뗈뷌폽랢햹ꎬ튲쫇췆뚯헻룶뺭볃랢햹뗄훘튪틽쟦ꆣ룟뗈톧킣뿆벼릤ퟷ쟸뇰폚웤쯻뿆벼늿쏅뗄쳘뗣퓚폚ꎬ튻훖춶죫ꎬ솽훖킧틦ꎬ볈돶돉맻ꎬ폖돶죋닅ꆣ틲듋붨틩퓶볓뛔탂붮얩튵룟뗈풺킣뗄뿆벼춶죫ꎬ샻폃룟뗈톧킣훐쿖폐뗄얩튵뿆퇐죋솦풴캪탂붮뗄뺭볃붨짨ꆢ짧믡랢햹뫍뿆벼뷸늽ퟶ돶룼뛠뗄릱쿗ꆣ 뗷헻닆헾뛔얩튵뿆벼뗄춶죫랽쿲ꎬ춻돶춶죫뗄훘뗣쇬폲 얩튵뿆퇐뗄쒿뗄쫇캪쇋듙뷸얩튵짺닺랢햹ꆢ쳡룟얩튵풴샻폃뗄킧싊ꎬ쪹얩닺욷닺돶쓜릻ퟮ듳쿞뛈뗘싺ퟣ뺭볃짧믡랢햹뗄탨튪ꎬ춬쪱쓜릻돖탸컈뚨뗘퓶볓얩쏱쫕죫ꆣ 퓚훘쫓쫽솿퓶볓탔얩튵벼쫵뗄춬쪱ꎬ탂붮룼튪훘쫓쳡룟얩닺욷훊솿ꆢ퓶볓얩쏱쫕죫뗄얩튵뿆벼춶죫ꎬ닆헾횧돖뗄훘뗣펦룃쿲퓶닺ꆢ퓶킧뫍퓶쫕늢훘뗄랽쿲뇤ꆣ튻펦듳솦 60
탂붮얩튵듳톧쮶쪿톧캻싛컄 횧돖훖ퟓ릤돌뗄붨짨ꎬ믽벫횧돖탂붮훖ퟓ닺튵뗄랢햹ꎬ엠폽폅훊룟닺룟킧뗄훖횲튵ꆢ퇸횳튵폅솼욷훖ꎬ쳡룟얩닺욷훊솿ꎬ쳡룟탂붮얩튵뗄뺺헹쓜솦ꎬ퓶볓얩쏱쫕죫ꆣ뛾펦벯훐솦솿뷢뻶훆풼탂붮얩튵랢햹뗄맘볼벼쫵ꎬ샽죧룹뻝탂붮룉몵짙폪ꎬ쮮풴좱랦뗄ힴ뿶ꎬ볓듳뛔몵ퟷ얩튵룻ퟷ벼쫵뫍뷚쮮벼쫵뗄뾪랢솦뛈ꎬ뛔돉죈뗄쿈뷸쿠맘벼쫵뷸탐ퟩힰ뫍듳쏦믽췆맣ꆣ죽펦횧돖탂붮폐풴폅쫆뗄얩닺욷뗄뿆톧퇐뺿릤ퟷ뗄뾪햹ꆣ탂붮쏞뮨ꆢ맏맻뗈얩닺욷욷훊폅솼ꎬ쟒닺솿퓚좫맺햼폐튻뚨뗄뇈훘ꎬ펵폐뷏듳뗄풴폅쫆ꎬ튪쪹풴폅쫆뇤캪뺺헹폅쫆ꎬ탨튪쳡룟닺욷뗄뿆벼몬솿ꎬ춨맽쿠맘얩튵벼쫵뗄릥맘ꎬ쳡룟닺욷뗄훊솿ꎬ늢춨맽볓릤ꆢ뒢듦ꆢ놣쿊벼쫵뗄춻웆ꎬ쳡룟닺욷뗄뺺헹폅쫆ꎬ듙뷸탂붮얩튵뷡릹뗄폅뮯뗷헻ꆣ쯄펦듳솦횧돖쿈뷸얩튵벼쫵뗄췆맣ꎬ즸톡튻엺쿈뷸쫊폃뗄얩튵벼쫵벯훐솦솿뷸탐뿆벼뒴탂ꎬ늢뷸탐ퟩힰ엤쳗ꎬ퓚믹뗘쫔퇩돉릦뗄믹뒡짏퓚좫붮랶캧쓚듳쏦믽췆맣ꎬ췆뚯탂붮얩튵뿆벼뷸늽뫍얩튵퓶닺ꆢ퓶킧ꆣ 6 1
탂붮닆헾얩튵뿆벼춶죫믺훆퇐뺿 뗚6헂 퇐뺿뷡싛벰폐듽짮죫퇐뺿뗄컊쳢 퇐뺿뷡싛 탂붮얩튵뿆벼춶죫훐듦퓚뗄훷튪컊쳢 1978쓪틔잰ꎬ퓚볆뮮뺭볃쳥훆쿂ꎬ탂붮뗄얩튵뿆벼춶죫살풴믹놾짏쫇떥튻쟾뗀ꎬ훷튪살ퟔ헾뢮닆헾풤쯣뗄늦뿮ꆣ룄룯뾪럅틔뫳ꎬ뿆벼쳥훆룄룯틔살ꎬ얩튵뿆벼춶죫살풴뛠풪뮯뗄쟷쫆죕붥퓶잿ꎬ떫닆헾얩튵뿆벼춶죫죔쫇탂붮얩튵뿆벼춶죫뗄훘튪쟾뗀ꎬ늢폐킧뗘랢믓쇋훷떼ퟷ폃ꆣ퓚탂붮닆헾얩튵뿆벼춶죫훐듦퓚탭뛠컊쳢ꆣ(1)춶죫뗄쳥훆늻쮳ꎬ듦퓚훆뛈좱쿝ꎺ얩튵뿆퇐쳥쾵볈듦퓚쳵뿩럖룮ꎬ폖듦퓚ퟅ퇏훘뗄횰쓜붻닦ꆢ훘뗾ꎻ뿆벼볆뮮뛠춷럖즢맜샭ꎬ퓬돉훘뢴솢쿮ꎻ톧뿆짨훃훘뢴ꎬ퇐뺿솦솿벫캪럖즢ꎬ퓬돉뿆퇐뺭럑샋럑퇏훘ꆣ(2)얩튵뿆벼춶죫탐헾벯좨쪽맜샭컊쳢뇈뷏춻돶ꎺ얩튵퇐뺿쿮쒿짨훃폫쪵볊퇐뺿훜웚퇏훘돥춻ꎻ얩튵뿆퇐춶죫훐뻶닟ꆢ뿆퇐폫얩쏱뿆벼탨쟳췑뷚ꆣ(3)닆헾얩튵뿆벼춶죫ퟜ솿늻ퟣꎬ퓶뎤늻컈뚨ꎬ폫얩쇖쓁폦튵ퟜ닺횵뗄릱쿗늻뛔돆ꆣ(4)얩튵뿆벼춶죫뷡릹늻뫏샭ꎬ훷튪냼삨얩튵뿆퇐쿮쒿뺺헹탔춶죫폫컈뚨춶죫뇈샽쪧뗷ꎬ듦퓚ퟅ퇏훘뗄맽뛈뺺헹ꎻ뛔믹뒡퇐뺿뗄뺭럑춶죫뇈샽맽킡ꎻ뛔룟뗈톧킣뗄뿆벼춶죫첫짙뗈ꆣ 탂붮얩튵뿆벼춶죫폫얩튵뺭볃퓶뎤ꆢ얩쏱쫕죫퓶볓뗄맘쾵 놾퇐뺿틔믒즫맘솪럖컶캪믹뒡ꎬ듓뚯첬뗄뷇뛈뛔탂붮닆헾얩튵뿆벼춶죫폫얩쇖쓁폦튵ퟜ닺횵ꆢ얩쏱죋뻹뒿쫕죫횮볤뗄맘쾵뷸탐쇋쪱볤쿠맘럖컶ꎬ뗃돶틔쿂뷡싛ꎺ(1)탂붮얩튵뿆벼뷰춶죫ꆢ뿆벼죋풱춶죫뻹듙뷸쇋탂붮얩튵뺭볃뗄퓶뎤뫍얩쏱쫕죫뗄퓶볓ꎬ떫얩튵뿆벼뷰춶죫ꎬ폈웤쫇헾뢮뷰춶죫쿠뛔폚뿆벼죋풱춶죫살쮵뛔탂붮얩튵뺭볃퓶뎤ꆢ얩쏱쫕죫퓶볓뗄듙뷸ퟷ폃룼캪쏷쿔ꎻ(2)듓늻춬뿆벼믮뚯샠탍뿆벼춶죫살뾴ꎬ쫔퇩랢햹뿆벼춶죫뛔탂붮얩튵뺭볃퓶뎤ꆢ얩쏱퓶쫕뗄듙뷸ퟷ폃ퟮ듳ꎬ펦폃퇐뺿듎횮ꎬ믹뒡퇐뺿ퟮ킡ꎻ(3)듓룷횴탐늿쏅뾴ꎬ춶죫떽뿆퇐풺쯹뗄뷰뛔탂붮얩튵뺭볃퓶뎤ꆢ얩쏱퓶쫕뗄듙뷸ퟷ폃ퟮ쏷쿔ꎬ웳튵듎횮ꎬ룟뗈톧킣ퟮ뗍ꎻ(4)듓얩튵쓚늿룷닺튵뿆벼춶죫살뾴ꎬ훖횲튵뿆벼춶죫뛔탂붮얩튵뺭볃퓶뎤ꆢ얩쏱퓶쫕뗄듙뷸ퟷ폃ퟮ듳ꎬ퇸횳튵듎횮ꎬ쇖맻튵ퟮ킡ꆣ 62
탂붮얩튵듳톧쮶쪿톧캻싛컄 탂붮닆헾얩튵뿆벼춶죫탂믺훆뗄릹붨 퓚쏾쟥탂붮닆헾얩튵뿆벼춶죫쿖ힴ벰듦퓚뗄컊쳢ꎬ럖컶쇋춶죫킧맻뗄믹뒡짏ꎬ놾퇐뺿릹붨쇋탂붮닆헾얩튵뿆벼춶죫탂믺훆ꎬ벴 (1)컈뚨뗄뺭럑춶죫믺훆ꎺꋙ붨솢뛀솢뗄얩튵뿆퇐뺭럑풤쯣쟾뗀ꎻꋚ샻폃“싌쿤헾닟”퓶볓춶죫ꎻꋛ퓚붨짨쿮쒿뺭럑훐쳡좡믲풤쇴튻뚨뇈샽ꆣ (2)뫏샭뗄뺺헹믺훆ꎺꋙ뛔폚튻냣탔뗄얩튵뿆퇐쿮쒿ꎬ죔좻뿉틔뾼싇쪹폃쒿잰헽퓚쪹폃뗄뺺헹믺훆ꎻꋚ헫뛔뚯횲컯탂욷훖톡폽뗈탨튪뎤웚ꆢ컈뚨횧돖뗄얩튵뿆퇐쿮쒿ꎬ뿉닉폃뺺헹춶죫폫풤쯣춶죫쿠뷡뫏뗄믺훆ꎻꋛ뛔폚쓇킩폫탂붮뺭볃짧믡랢햹쏜쟐쿠맘뗄훘듳뗄얩튵뿆벼쿮쒿ꎬ뿉틔춨맽돐떣훷쳥뗄뺺헹믺훆살쪵쿖ꆣ (3)룟킧뗄맜샭믺훆ꎺꋙ맦랶뺭럑풤쯣맜샭ꎻꋚ붨솢웰탅폃훆뛈ꎬ췪짆얩튵뿆벼춶죫맜샭ꎻꋛ췪짆돉맻움볛뫍쪹폃훆뛈ꆣ (4)퇏룱뗄볠뚽믺훆ꎺ룹뻝얩튵뿆퇐ퟔ짭맦싉뫍쳘뗣뗄ꎬ붨솢볠뚽맡뒩얩튵뿆퇐뿎쳢벰뺭럑뗄솢쿮ꆢ횴탐ꆢ뷡쳢ꆢ움볛좫맽돌뗄릫욽ꆢ릫헽ꆢ뫏샭뗄볠뚽믺훆ꆣ 헾닟퓋폃 퇐뺿뇭쏷ꎬ뺡맜쿖뷗뛎탂붮닆헾뛔폚얩튵뿆벼뗄춶죫럇뎣폐쿞ꎬ떫웤폫얩튵랢햹ꆢ얩쏱퓶쫕횮볤듦퓚ퟅ뷏룟뗄맘솪뛈ꎬ캪쪹폐쿞뗄춶죫닺짺룼듳뗄킧틦ꎬ놾퇐뺿쳡돶쇋탂붮닆헾횧돖얩튵뿆벼춶죫뗄쿠맘헾닟붨틩ꎺ(1)샭쮳늢췪짆얩튵뿆벼춶죫쳥훆ꎬ틔“탨”뚨“퇐”ꎬ뿆톧뻶닟ꎻ(2)붨솢뛠풪뮯뗄얩튵뿆벼춶죫쳥쾵ꎬ쳡룟얩튵뿆벼춶죫쮮욽ꎻ(3)폅뮯닆헾뛔얩튵뿆벼춶죫뷡릹ꎬ쳡룟닆헾뛔얩튵뿆벼뗄춶죫킧싊ꎻ(4)뗷헻닆헾뛔얩튵뿆벼뗄춶죫랽쿲ꎬ춻돶춶죫뗄훘뗣쇬폲ꆣ 폐듽뷱뫳짮죫퇐뺿뗄컊쳢 평폚얩튵뿆벼춶죫컊쳢뗄쓚몭짮뿌ꎬ췢퇓맣랺ꎬ춬쪱틲캪쫜떽놾죋횪쪶쮮욽뫍퇐뺿쓜솦ꆢ퇐뺿쪱볤ꆢ뿉샻폃풴뗈랽쏦뗄쿞훆ꎬ놾퇐뺿뮹듦퓚튻킩탨뷸튻늽짮죫퇐뺿뗄컊쳢ꎺ 6 3
탂붮닆헾얩튵뿆벼춶죫믺훆퇐뺿 (1)뛔탂붮얩튵뿆벼춶죫믺훆뗄싛횤뮹뇈뷏잳ꎬ폐듽폚뷱뫳뷸튻늽짮죫첽쳖ꎻ (2)얩튵뿆벼틔헾뢮춶죫캪훷쳥ꎬ떫쯦ퟅ쫐뎡뺭볃뗄뷸튻늽랢햹ꎬ춨맽헾뢮뗄춶죫믽벫틽떼럇헾뢮늿쏅뗄춶죫쫇뷱뫳얩튵뿆벼춶죫뗄랢햹랽쿲ꆣ놾퇐뺿뛔탂붮럇헾뢮늿쏅얩튵뿆벼춶죫뗄쟷쫆뫍쪵벨틲쇏ꆢ쫽뻝뗄믱좡쓑뛈첫듳ꎬ캴쓜ퟷ쿪쾸럖컶ꎬ튲폐듽폚뷱뫳뷸튻늽퇐뺿ꆣ 64
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탂붮얩튵듳톧쮶쪿톧캻싛컄 훂킻? 럇뎣죙탒컒쓜폐믺믡퓚탂붮얩튵듳톧뺭볃폫맜샭톧풺톧쾰짮퓬ꆣ퓚헢샯ꎬ컒뛈맽쇋돤쪵뛸뷴헅뗄톧쾰쪱맢ꆣ 놾퇐뺿쫇퓚떼쪦돂춮뷌쫚뗄쾤탄횸떼쿂췪돉뗄ꆣ벸쓪훐ꎬ돂샏쪦풨늩뗄튵횪쪶ꆢ퇏뷷뗄훎톧첬뛈ꆢ럡뢻뗄퇐뺿뺭퇩ꆢ첤쪵뗄릤ퟷퟷ럧ꆢ뛔뿆톧뗄횴ퟅힷ쟳ꆢ믥죋늻뻫뗄뺫짱ꆢ컞쮽룟짐뗄죋룱짮짮펰쿬ퟅ컒ꎬ죃컒튻횱돤싺뺴틢폫룐뚯ꎬ쪹컒쫜틦럋잳ꎬ퓚룷룶랽쏦뚼좡뗃쇋뫜듳뷸늽ꆣ놾퇐뺿듓톡쳢ힼ놸ꆢ뗷닩뇭짨볆떽쇏쫕벯ꆢ킴돵룥ꎬ퓙떽ퟮ뫳뚨룥ꎬ쎿튻룶뮷뷚뚼쟣힢쇋돂샏쪦뗄듳솿탄톪ꆣ퓚듋ꎬ쿲컒뗄떼쪦훂틔컞뇈뗄뺴틢뫍ퟮ훔탄뗄룐킻ꎡ 평훔뗘룐킻탂붮얩튵듳톧뺭볃폫맜샭톧풺훬쏀쇡뷌쫚ꆢ닱뻼뷌쫚ꆢ웑뒺쇡뷌쫚ꆢ샮톩퇞뷌쫚ꆢ쇵캬훒뷌쫚ꆢ헅쏴뷌쫚ꎬ췢맺폯톧풺ퟞ퓞샏쪦뗈쯹폐죎뿎샏쪦룸컒횪쪶뫍훇믛ꎬ쫇쯻쏇죃컒쫓튰룼뾪삫ꎬ쮼슷룼쟥컺ꎬ쫇쯻쏇쪹컒퓚닆헾ꆢ뷰죚ꆢ믡볆ꆢ펢폯뗈훮뛠뿧톧뿆쇬폲쫜틦럋잳ꆣ춬쪱ꎬ뮹튪룐킻십믛삼뷌쫚ꆢ늼뢱뷌쫚ꆢ퇮뫬뢱뷌쫚뗈퓚컒싛컄뾪쳢쪱쳡돶쇋탭뛠놦맳뗄틢볻뫍붨틩ꆣ듋췢ꎬ컒퓚킣톧쾰웚볤뫜뛠랽쏦뚼뗃떽쇋췵죖샏쪦ꆢ췵횾잿샏쪦쾸훂뛸폖뻟쳥뗄횸떼뫍냯훺ꎬ퓚듋쿲쯻쏇뇭듯컒짮짮뗄킻틢ꎡ 룐킻탂붮얩튵듳톧짲싺샶샏쪦ꆢ쮮샻폫췁쒾릤돌톧풺쟱탣퓆뷌쫚ꆢ퇐뺿짺뒦뗄췵솫랼샏쪦ꆢ돂뺲톩샏쪦ꆢ쇵쿲믔샏쪦ꆢ훬낮죙샏쪦뛠쓪살뛔컒뗄횧돖뫍냯훺ꆣ쳘뇰쇮컒룐뚯뫍룐벤뗄ꎬ쫇탂붮얩튵듳톧쮮샻폫췁쒾릤돌톧풺퇮솦탐뷌쫚뛠쓪틔살룸폨컒뗄맘탄ꆢ맄샸뫍냯훺! 컒뮹튪룐킻퓚쇏쫕벯뷗뛎냯훺맽컒뗄죋ꆪꆪ탂붮뿆벼쳼퇮틗돐뒦뎤ꆢ럫퓆뢱뒦뎤ꆢ쳀퓆죙뒦뎤ꆢ탬뮢샏쪦ꆢ샏쪦ꆢ췵쟭샏쪦ꆢ헅맰헤샏쪦ꎬ탂붮얩튵뿆톧풺튶뾭퇐뺿풱ꆢ탂붮쇖튵뿆톧풺샮욼샏쪦ꆢ훐맺뿆톧풺탂붮럖풺뗄벧듦폮뢱뒦뎤ꆢ죎뫧샏쪦ꆢ탂붮탳쓁뿆톧풺샮뷝뢱뒦뎤ꆢ탂붮얩튵듳톧춼쫩망탬뎤쇖샏쪦ꆢ뺭볃폫맜샭톧풺쇵탂욽뷌쫚뗈ꎬ쫇쯻쏇룸폨쇋컒뫜뛠뻟쳥뛸폐솦뗄냯훺ꎬ쪹컒뗄뗷닩쓜쮳샻췪돉ꆣ 폈웤튪룐킻탂붮얩튵듳톧뿆퇐맜샭뒦뚭탂맢뒦뎤ꆢ샮붨맳뒦뎤ꆢ뿋죈쒾뢱뒦뎤ꆢ뫎6 9
탂붮닆헾얩튵뿆벼춶죫믺훆퇐뺿 볌커뢱뒦뎤ꆢ폚믔샏쪦ꆢ퇮놣맺샏쪦ꆢ쟘캰샏쪦ꆢ훬믝헤샏쪦ꆢ헅놦붭샏쪦ꆢ훬틸량샏쪦ꆢ뷺샏쪦ꆢ쯯폱쾼샏쪦ꆢ맹퇞퓆샏쪦ꆢ췵쿾샏쪦룸폨컒뗄맘탄뫍냯훺ꆣ룐킻쯯쾼샏쪦ꆢ슽샏쪦ꆢ돂쇡샏쪦ꆢ샮쇕샏쪦ꆢ쳆?샏쪦ꆢ췵랼샏쪦ꆢ쇵죰럥늩쪿ꆢ쏧뫬욼쮶쪿ꆢ첷틥몣쮶쪿ꆢ췵룕쮶쪿ꆢ탭쪷쮶쪿ꆢ뫎펢늩쪿ꆢ폠춬톧뗈뛔컒뗄횧돖ꆢ맘탄뫍냯훺ꆣ룐킻톧폑쏏샻쏷ꆢ컢탇쇘ꆢ쇵뒺몣벸쓪살뛔컒뗄맘탄뫍냯훺ꆣ횵듋싛컄췪돉횮볊ꎬ컒튪쿲쯻쏇훂틔ퟮ훔탄뗄룐킻! ퟮ뫳ꎬ컒튪룐킻컒뗄볒죋ꆣ룐킻컒뗄뗜뗜ꆢ뗜쏃ꆢ쏃쏃ꎬ뮹폐뿉낮뗄킡횶ퟓꎬ쫇쯻쏇퓚톧쾰ꆢ짺믮훐쯹룸폨뗄맄샸ꆢ횧돖뫍샭뷢ꎬ쪹컒쓜릻쮳샻췪돉톧튵ꆣ쳘뇰룐킻컒뗄뢸쒸ꎬ쯻쏇뗄탄톪워뻍쇋컒돉뎤뗄뗀슷ꎬ쯻쏇뛠쓪살룸폨컒컞쮽뗄맘낮뫍냯훺ꎬ쪱뿌컂얯ퟅ컒ꎬ룸컒컞쟮뗄솦솿좥헹좡뷸늽ꎬ쫇컒죋짺ퟮ듳뗄횧훹! 컒좡뗃뗄쎿튻뗣돉벨뚼폐쯻쏇뗄릦샍ꎡ 룐킻쯹폐맘탄뫍냯훺컒뗄샏쪦ꆢ춬톧ꆢ엳폑뫍볒죋! 키컄럦 2009쓪12퓂폚컚슳쒾웫 70
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