ꆡꆡꆡꆡ뾨뛻뛠ꆰ쳘헷쫂쪵ꆱ퓙쮼뾼:뛔샍뚯쫕죫햼뇈뗄럖컶싞뎤풶3ꆡꆡ쓚죝쳡튪ꆡ놾컄뛔ꆰ샍뚯쫕죫햼뇈ꆱ뗄ퟮ탂퇐뺿돉맻뷸탐쇋쾵춳믘맋ꆣ헢튻쇬폲뗄샭싛첽쳖훷튪폐쯄룶닣듎:퓚탂맅뗤볙짨쳵볾쿂,샍뚯쫕죫햼뇈폫놾닺돶뇈횮볤듦퓚컈뚨뗄몯쫽맘쾵;뛔탂맅뗤볙짨ퟶ돶탞헽,붫샍뚯쫕죫햼뇈뗄뇤뮯맩폚욫쿲탍벼쫵뷸늽뫍늻췪좫뺺헹뗄쫐뎡쳵볾;닺튵뷡릹뗷헻뫍샍뚯쫕죫햼뇈뗄닺튵닮틬,퓚헻룶뺭볃뗄샍뚯쫕죫햼뇈뇤뮯훐쯹냧퇝뗄뷇즫;퓚뾪럅쳵볾쿂,첽쳖좫쟲뮯뛔샍뚯쫕죫햼뇈뗄펰쿬ꆣ헢튻쇬폲뗄퇐뺿훷튪뾼달ꆰ샍뚯쫕죫햼뇈ꆱ뗄뻶뚨틲쯘,쯼쏇냼삨:놾닺돶뇈ꆢ벼쫵뷸늽ꆢ좫쟲뮯틔벰뺭볃랢햹쮮욽ꆢ럇헽맦늿쏅맦쒣뫍뛔샍뚯솦뗄놣뮤돌뛈뗈ꆣ놾컄ퟮ뫳쳡돶쇋퇐뺿훐맺샍뚯쫕죫햼뇈뇤뮯뗄돵늽짨쿫ꆣ맘볼듊ꆡ샍뚯쫕죫햼뇈놾닺돶뇈벼쫵뷸늽좫쟲뮯튻틽퇔맘폚ꆰ샍뚯쫕죫햼뇈ꆱ뗄퇐뺿쫇튻룶맅샏뗄뮰쳢,맅뗤뺭볃톧볒퓸뛔웤폐맽벤쇒뗄헹싛,쏀맺맺볒뺭볃퇐뺿뻖(NBER)뗄떮짺튲폫쯼폐쏜쟐솪쾵(Krueger,1999)ꆣ짏쫀볍50훁70쓪듺,퓚헢튻쇬폲퓸폐늻짙퇐뺿돉맻랢뇭,떫퓚쓇횮뫳쿠맘퇐뺿늽죫돁볅ꆣ80쓪듺횮뫳,랢듯맺볒쳘뇰쫇얷훞듳슽맺볒뗄샍뚯쫕죫햼뇈평짽붵(Blanchard,1997;Harrison,2002;Guscina,2006),쪹쯼퓙듎돉캪죋쏇쳖싛뗄죈쏅뮰쳢ꆣ뛔폚헢튻쿖쿳,톧헟쏇듓늻춬뗄뷇뛈룸돶쇋뷢쫍,놾컄솦춼뛔헢킩퇐뺿뗄돉맻뷸탐믘맋뫍움쫶ꆣ컒쏇웚췻헢튻릤ퟷ폐훺폚샭뷢랢짺퓚훐맺뗄샠쯆쟩뿶ꆣ퓚1996횮잰,훐맺뗄샍뚯쫕죫햼뇈뒦폚짏짽쟷쫆,떫퓚쓇횮뫳,쯼뾪쪼늻뛏쿂붵,떽2006쓪틑뗸훁40%뗄쮮욽ꆣꋙퟷ헟샻폃솪뫏맺뗄쫽뻝(NationalAccountStatistics)뷸탐볆쯣뫳랢쿖,헢튻쫽ퟖ늻뷶풶뗍폚랢듯맺볒,뛸쟒폫뫜뛠랢햹훐맺볒폐쿠떱뗄뻠샫ꆣ룄룯뾪럅쳘뇰쫇20쫀볍90쓪듺훐웚틔살,훐맺춨맽샻폃췢뫍볓릤쎳틗,뺭볃쪵솦믱뗃쇋뎤ퟣ뷸늽ꆣ좻뛸,뻍퓚춬튻쪱웚,샍뚯쫕죫퓚헻룶맺쏱쫕죫훐뗄뇈훘좴쎻폐죧탂맅뗤쎳틗샭싛쯹풤웚뗄쓇퇹,쯦3싞뎤풶:뢴떩듳톧뺭볃톧풺짏몣ꆡ200433ꆡ뗧ퟓ탅쿤:chyluo@ꆡ뗧뮰:021-65643708ꆣ놾퇐뺿뗃떽짏몣쫐헜톧짧믡뿆톧맦뮮뿎쳢ꆰ쟠쓪쿮쒿ꆱ(2008EJL002)ꆢ뷌폽늿짧뿆믹뷰ꆰ쟠쓪쿮쒿ꆱ(쿮쒿뫅:06JC790012)ꆢꆰ짏몣쫐훘뗣톧뿆붨짨쿮쒿ꆱ(쿮쒿뫅:B101)ꆢ뢴떩듳톧컄뿆뿆퇐췆뷸볆뮮ꆰ뷰쏧쿮쒿ꆱ(쿮쒿뫅:06JM032)뗄훺,쓤쏻짳룥죋ꆢ헅뻼ꆢ췲맣뮪ꆢ돂ꆢ슽쏺뫍췵폀쟕쳡돶쇋놦맳뗄탞룄틢볻,퓚듋튻늢뇭쪾룐킻ꆣퟷ헟컄퓰ퟔ뢺ꆣꋙꆶ훐맺춳볆쓪본ꆷ쎻폐횱뷓뗄샍뚯쫕죫햼뇈쫽뻝ꆣ떫1993쓪틔뫳,쯼뛔뗘쟸짺닺ퟜ횵내쫕죫램뿚뺶(냼삨샍뚯헟놨돪ꆢ짺닺쮰뺻뛮ꆢ만뚨닺헛뻉뫍펪튵펯폠)뷸탐쇋춳볆ꆣ쿈볆쯣룷쓪쪡벶샍뚯놨돪햼짺닺ퟜ횵뗄뇈훘,쟳뗃뗄쪡뻹횵뻍쫇좫맺뗄샍뚯쫕죫햼뇈횵(늻냼삨컷님ꆢ쯄뒨폫훘쟬뗄쫽뻝뫏볆)ꆣ훁폚컄쿗훐뛔샍뚯쫕죫햼뇈뚨틥뫍뛈솿뗄헹틩,뗚뛾늿럖폐룼좫쏦뗄쳖싛ꆣ쫀뷧뺭볃3ꆡ2008쓪뗚11웚ꆡꆤ86ꆤ
싞뎤풶ꆡꆡퟅ샍뚯쏜벯탍닺욷뗄돶뿚뛸뗃떽쳡짽ꆣ훐맺샍뚯쫕죫햼뇈쿂붵뗄믺샭늻뿉쓜폫웤쯻맺볒췪좫튻퇹ꆣ좻뛸,헢킩퇐뺿캪첽쳖훐맺뗄쿠맘컊쳢쳡릩쇋폐틦뗄쿟쯷,헢쫇컒쏇뷸탐컄쿗믘맋뗄돵훔ꆣ컄헂폠쿂뗄쓚죝틀듎쫇:뗚뛾늿럖뛔샍뚯쫕죫햼뇈뷸탐쇋뷧뚨,늢횸돶쇋쿠맘뒦샭랽램쯹듦퓚뗄컊쳢;뗚죽늿럖믘맋쇋샍뚯쫕죫햼뇈뻶뚨뗄듺뇭탔샭싛;뗚쯄늿럖퓲뛔퇐뺿샍뚯쫕죫햼뇈뗄퇐뺿뷸탐쇋ퟜ뷡;뗚컥늿럖뷡뫏틑폐퇐뺿돉맻,쳡돶쇋럖컶훐맺컊쳢뗄돵늽짨쿫;ퟮ뫳쫇볲뛌뗄뷡폯ꆣ뛾맘폚샍뚯쫕죫햼뇈뗄뚨틥폫뛈솿룹뻝컄쿗,샍뚯쫕죫햼뇈쫇횸ꆰ릤죋뗄샍뚯놨돪(totalcompensation)햼맺쓚짺닺ퟜ횵믲헟맺쏱ퟜ쫕죫뗄뇈훘ꆱ(Lꢹbker,2007)ꆣKrueger(1999)죏캪,룹뻝헢튻뚨틥,퓚뛈솿샍뚯쫕죫햼뇈쪱믡쏦쇙튻킩삧쓑,뇈죧:쓄킩죋쯣쫇릤죋?쓄킩쫕죫볆죫샍뚯놨돪?릫쮾맙풱뗄막좨볆죫샍뚯쫕죫싰?죋솦놾믘놨볆죫샍뚯놨돪뮹쫇놾쫕죫?죧뫎뒦샭췋택릤죋쯹쇬좡뗄붡뾵놣쿕?뗈뗈ꆣ쯻죏캪,뛔폚헢킩컊쳢뗄믘듰좡뻶폚쪹폃튪쯘쫕죫햼뇈(factorshares)뗄쒿뗄쫇쪲쎴ꆣGomme뫍Rupert(2004)퓋폃쫕죫램뗄맺쏱쫕죫뫣뗈쪽,뛔샍뚯쫕죫햼뇈뷸탐쇋쮵쏷:ꆡꆡퟜ퓶볓횵=샍뚯헟놨돪+릫쮾샻죳+ퟢ뷰쫕죫(rentalincome)+뺻샻쾢쫕죫+헛뻉+(볤뷓쮰-늹쳹)+ퟔ펪쫕죫(proprietorsꇤincome)ꋙ뗈쪽훐폐쿂뮮쿟늿럖듺뇭놾쫕죫ꆣ쯻쏇횸돶,샻폃룃릫쪽볆쯣샍뚯쫕죫햼뇈믡폶떽틔쿂컊쳢:(1)죧뫎뒦샭ퟔ펪쫕죫뫍ퟔ컒맍폃(self-employed)쫕죫?헢샠쫕죫볈냼삨놾쫕죫폖냼삨샍뚯쫕죫ꆣ(2)죧뫎뒦샭헾뢮늿쏅뗄쫕죫?헾뢮늿쏅횻폐릤ꆢ킽돪뫍만뚨놾쯰뫄,쎻폐놾쫕죫,틲뛸냑헾뢮늿쏅냼삨뷸살,뿉쓜믡삭룟샍뚯쫕죫햼뇈ꆣ(3)죧뫎뒦샭랿닺늿쏅뗄쫕죫?춳볆훐뎣붫랿컝ퟢ뷰쫕죫좫늿맩폚놾쫕죫,틲뛸냼삨랿닺늿쏅퓚쓚,뿉쓜믡톹뗍샍뚯쫕죫햼뇈ꆣ(4)죧뫎뒦샭뺻볤뷓쮰(벴뿛돽늹쳹뫳뗄볤뷓쮰폠뛮)?(5)볆쯣샍뚯쫕죫햼뇈뗄럖쒸쫇맺쓚짺닺ퟜ횵뮹쫇맺쓚짺닺뺻횵?퓚헢킩컊쳢훐,ꆡꆡ뇭1샍뚯쫕죫햼뇈폫ퟔ컒맍폃쫕죫탲뫅샍뚯쫕죫햼뇈뗄볆쯣램살풴볲돆aꋱퟔ컒맍폃쫕죫뗄2/3맩샍뚯,쪣쿂뗄1/3맩놾Johnson(1954)-ꋲ릫쮾풱릤샍뚯놨돪+ퟔ컒맍폃쫕죫GDP-뺻볤뷓쮰Gollin(2002)-ꋳ릫쮾풱릤샍뚯놨돪GDP-뺻볤뷓쮰-ퟔ컒맍폃쫕죫춬짏OSPUE뛈솿램bꋴ릫쮾풱릤샍뚯놨돪샍뚯솦쫽솿-쪧튵죋쫽릫쮾풱릤쫽춬짏샍뚯솦탞헽뛈솿램GDP-뺻볤뷓쮰ꋵ릫쮾풱릤샍뚯놨돪GDP-뺻볤뷓쮰-볆쯣뗄ퟔ컒맍폃쫕죫Bernanke폫Gꢹrkaynak(2001)볆쯣뗄OSPUE뛈솿램c쮵쏷a:볲돆뗄돶뒦살ퟔBernanke폫Gꢹrkaynak(2001)ꆣbOSPUE쫇ꆰoperatingsurplusofprivateunincorporatedenterpri2sesꆱ뗄볲킴ꆣc볆쯣뗄ퟔ컒맍폃쫕죫=쮽죋늿쏅쫕죫ꇁퟔ컒맍폃쫕죫퓚쮽죋늿쏅쫕죫훐뗄뇈훘,뛸쮽죋늿쏅쫕죫=펪튵펯폠+릫쮾풱릤샍뚯놨돪,ퟔ컒맍폃쫕죫퓚쮽죋늿쏅쫕죫훐뗄뇈훘=ퟔ컒맍폃헟퓚샍뚯솦훐뗄햼뇈ꆣꋙퟔ펪헟믲헟ퟔ컒맍폃헟쫇횸ꆰ럇릫쮾훆뺭펪뗄쯹폐헟ꆱ(ownersofunincorporatedbusinesses)ꆣ쫀뷧뺭볃3ꆡ2008쓪뗚11웚ꆡꆤ87ꆤ
ꆡꆡ뾨뛻뛠ꆰ쳘헷쫂쪵ꆱ퓙쮼뾼:뛔샍뚯쫕죫햼뇈뗄럖컶헹틩뫍쳖싛ퟮ뛠뗄쫇뗚튻쿮ꆣ샍뚯쫕죫햼뇈퓚춳볆짏쯹뇭쿖돶뗄뿧맺닮틬,퓚뫜듳돌뛈짏폫쎻폐뾼싇ퟔ컒맍폃쫕죫폐맘(Gollin,2002)ꆣ뛔폚ퟔ컒맍폃쫕죫뗄뒦샭,컄쿗훐폐컥훖랽램(볻뇭1):랽램Iퟮ볲떥,떫맽폚ꆰ커뛏ꆱꋙ;랽램II붫좫늿ퟔ컒맍폃쫕죫맩폚샍뚯;랽램III볙짨ퟔ컒맍폃쫕죫훐샍뚯쫕죫쯹햼럝뛮폫릫쮾쫕죫훐샍뚯놨돪쯹햼럝뛮쿠춬;랽램IV죏캪ퟔ컒맍폃헟쓜릻믱뗃폫릫쮾풱릤춬퇹뗄놨돪;랽램V훷튪헫뛔튻킩맺볒뗄춳볆횻폐볓ퟜ뗄ꆰ펪튵펯폠ꆱ,뛸캴쟸럖ꆰ릫쮾펪튵펯폠ꆱ뫍ꆰ럇릫쮾펪튵펯폠ꆱꆣ뎤웚틔살,죋쏇튻횱죏캪ꆰ튪쯘쫕죫햼뇈쫇컈뚨뗄ꆱ,늢냑쯼쫓캪쫇뺭볃퓶뎤뗄ꆰ쳘헷쫂쪵ꆱ횮튻(Kaldor,1961)ꆣꋚ뺡맜헢튻뷌쳵늻뛏쫜떽훊틉,떫죔좻폐뫜뛠죋붫쯼쫓캪ꆰ쿱ꆮ맢쯙ꆯ튻퇹뫣뎣늻뇤뗄뚫컷ꆱ(Solow,1958;Kravis,1959)ꆣ좻뛸,20쫀볍80쓪듺잰뫳,컷랽맺볒샍뚯쫕죫햼뇈쿈짽뫳붵뗄맽돌폈웤틽죋힢쒿,웈쟐탨튪죋쏇듓샭싛짏룸돶쿠펦뗄뷢쫍ꆣ죽맘폚샍뚯쫕죫햼뇈뻶뚨뗄샭싛첽쳖쿖폐컄쿗뛔샍뚯쫕죫햼뇈뻶뚨뗄샭싛첽쳖훷튪폐쯄룶닣듎ꆣ뗚튻룶닣듎쫇믹폚탂맅뗤뺭볃톧럖컶뿲볜,듓튪쯘쳦듺떯탔뗄뷇뛈뾼달샍뚯쫕죫햼뇈폫놾짮뮯횮볤뗄맘쾵ꆣ뗚뛾룶닣듎쫇춨맽뛔탂맅뗤뺭볃톧볙짨뷸탐탞헽,뾼달벼쫵뷸늽뫍늻췪좫뺺헹뗄쫐뎡뷡릹뛔폚샍뚯쫕죫햼뇈뗄펰쿬ꆣ뗚죽룶닣듎쫇듓닺튵뷡릹퇝뇤뫍샍뚯쫕죫햼뇈뗄닺튵닮틬,톰헒ퟜ솿쮮욽쿂샍뚯쫕죫햼뇈뇤뮯뗄뚯틲ꆣ뗚쯄룶닣듎맘힢좫쟲뮯쳵볾쿂,늻춬튪쯘ꆰ쳖볛뮹볛ꆱ쓜솦뗄늻뛔돆뇤뮯뛔샍뚯쫕죫햼뇈뗄펰쿬ꆣ쿂쏦뛔헢킩샭싛훰튻뷸탐믘맋ꆣ(튻)탂맅뗤볙짨쳵볾쿂,샍뚯쫕죫햼뇈뗄뻶뚨짨쒳뺭볃쳥i펵폐Ki떥캻놾뫍Li떥캻샍뚯,짺닺몯쫽캪Yi=F(Ki,L)iꆣ퓚맦쒣놨돪늻뇤ꆢ쫐뎡췪좫뺺헹틔벰늻듦퓚벼쫵뇤잨뗄쳵볾쿂,샍뚯쫕죫햼뇈sLi폫놾닺돶뇈ki횮볤듦퓚쏜쟐맘쾵ꆣ맦쒣놨돪늻뇤뗄짺닺몯쫽뿉뇭쪾캪:Y)i=Kiꆤf(l)(i1ꆡꆡli뇭쪾샍뚯폫놾뗄뇈샽ꆣ붫(1)쪽뇤탎,뿉횪놾닺돶뇈ki,춬샍뚯폫놾뗄뇈샽li튻튻뛔펦:ki=Ki/Yi=1/f(l)(i2)ꆡꆡ룹뻝랴몯쫽뗄뚨틥-1,퓙붫(2)쪽뇤탎:ꆡꆡl=ꛕ(k)=f(1/k)(3)iiiꆡꆡ뺭맽췆떼,샍뚯쫕죫햼뇈폫놾닺돶뇈횮볤듦퓚죧쿂뗄몯쫽맘쾵:sLi=g(k)i=kiꆤꛕ(k)iꆤfꇤ(ꛕ(k))(i4)ꆡꆡBentolina뫍Saint-Paul(2003)폃춼냑헢튻맘쾵뷸탐뿌뮭,늢돆횮캪SK쿟(볻춼2)ꆣ죧맻뛔짺닺몯쫽룸돶뻟쳥뗄뚨틥,뮹뿉뗃떽튻킩폐좤뗄뷡맻ꆣ뛔폚CD몯쫽Yi=AKꛁiLi(1-ꛁ),샍뚯쫕죫햼뇈좡뻶폚쿂쏦뗄쪽ퟓ:ꆡꆡꆡꆡꆡꆡꆡꆡꆡꆡꆡꆡsLi=1-ꛁ(5)ꆡꆡ(5)쪽뗄몬틥쫇:샍뚯쫕죫햼뇈쫇튻룶뎣쫽,폫튪쯘볛룱뫍튪쯘�뢳뷡릹쎻폐맘쾵ꆣ뿆늼-뗀룱삭쮹(CD)몯쫽놻맣랺쪹폃뗄뷡맻,퓚튻뚨돌뛈짏떼훂죋쏇쿠탅ꆰ샍뚯쫕죫햼뇈쫇컈뚨뗄ꆱꆣCobb뫍Doug2las(1928)쫇헢튻맛뗣뗄퓧웚듺뇭헟,쯻쏇죏캪,튪쯘볛룱뇤뮯늻믡펰쿬쏀맺뗄샍뚯쫕죫햼뇈ꆣGollin(2002)퓚뾼싇쇋ퟔ컒맍폃쫕죫뫳,좷탅ꆰKaldor쫂쪵ꆱ쫇듦퓚뗄,CD몯쫽튲죔좻폐킧ꆣ좻뛸,떱죋쏇뻵달ꋙGollin(2002)뫍Young(2003)퓸쳡떽,퓚훐맺뗄춳볆샯,샍뚯헟놨돪냼삨ퟔ컒맍폃쫕죫ꆣꆶ훐맺춳볆쓪본2007ꆷ맘폚춳볆횸뇪뗄뷢쫍튲횤쪵쇋헢튻뗣ꆣ춼1쯹폃랽램뷓뷼폚랽램II,캩튻뗄쟸뇰퓚폚뫳헟뗄럖쒸쫇뿛돽뺻볤뷓쮰뫳뗄GDPꆣ벴쪹내헕뫳튻랽램,죔좻뿉틔랢쿖,훐맺뗄샍뚯쫕죫햼뇈틑듓1996ꆫ1998쓪60%ퟳ폒뗄쮮욽뗸훁2006쓪뗄47%,쟷쫆폫춼1튻퇹ꆣꋚ튲돆ꆰKaldor쫂쪵ꆱꆣ쯼쫇횸돽쇋샍뚯쫕죫햼뇈쫇뎣쫽췢,뮹냼삨죋뻹쪵볊GDP뗄퓶뎤싊ꆢ놾닺돶뇈틔벰쪵볊샻싊놣돖컈뚨뗈ꆣ쫀뷧뺭볃3ꆡ2008쓪뗚11웚ꆡꆤ88ꆤ
싞뎤풶ꆡꆡ떽샍뚯쫕죫햼뇈뗄뿧쪱뫍뿧맺닮틬뗄좷듦퓚횮뫳,뎣쳦듺떯탔(CES)몯쫽Yi=A[ꛁꆤK(ꛒ-1)/ꛒi+(1-ꛁ)ꆤ(ꛒ-1)/ꛒꛒ/(ꛒ-1)Li]뻍룼뛠뗘놻펦폃퓚죋쏇뗄퇐뺿훐ꆣ듋쪱,샍뚯쫕죫햼뇈평쿂쏦뗄쪽ퟓ뻶뚨:sLi=1-ꛁꆤꛒkꛒ-1(i6)ꆡꆡ(6)쪽뗄몬틥쫇:샍뚯쫕죫햼뇈좡뻶폚놾닺돶뇈,폫튪쯘볛룱뗈웤쯻틲쯘컞맘ꆣ샍뚯뫍놾횮볤뗄맘쾵(쳦듺뮹쫇뮥늹,ꛒ>1뮹쫇ꛒ<1),뻶뚨쇋놾닺돶뇈쳡룟쪱샍뚯쫕죫햼뇈뗄뇤뮯랽쿲ꆣ좻뛸,컞싛쫇CD몯쫽,뮹쫇CES몯쫽,뚼뫜쓑뷢쫍맽좥20쓪쓚얷훞듳슽맺볒샍뚯쫕죫햼뇈쯹랢짺뗄뇤뮯ꆣBlan2chard(1997)퓸맀쯣맽,퓚헢킩맺볒,샍뚯뫍놾횮볤뗄쳦듺떯탔뷓뷼폚1,샍뚯쫕죫햼뇈펦죧(5)쪽쯹풤닢뗄쓇퇹,쫇튻룶늻뇤뗄횵,떫쫇쫂쪵좴늢럇죧듋ꆣ(뛾)욫쿲탍벼쫵뷸늽뫍늻췪좫뺺헹쫐뎡쳵볾쿂,샍뚯쫕죫햼뇈뗄뻶뚨헢튻닣듎뗄럖컶뛔탂맅뗤볙짨ퟶ쇋탞헽,횸돶욫쿲탍벼쫵뷸늽뫍쫐뎡뷡릹뇤뮯쫇펰쿬샍뚯쫕죫햼뇈뗄훘튪틲쯘ꆣ늻맽,헢샯죔볙짨맦쒣놨돪놣돖늻뇤ꆣ1.욫쿲탍벼쫵뷸늽ꆣ욫쿲탍벼쫵뷸늽폐솽훖뎣볻뗄샠탍ꆣ룹뻝Acemoglu(2000)뗄뚨틥,쯹캽샍뚯퓶잿탍(labor-augmenting)벼쫵뷸늽쫇횸벼쫵뷸늽틽웰뗈닺솿쟺쿟퇘ퟅ욽탐폚샍뚯훡뗄랽쿲췹췢틆뚯;뛸놾퓶잿탍(capital-augmenting)벼쫵뷸늽쫇횸벼쫵뷸늽틽웰뗈닺솿쟺쿟퇘ퟅ욽탐폚놾훡뗄랽쿲췹췢틆뚯ꆣ듸폐샍뚯퓶잿탍벼쫵뷸늽뗄짺닺몯쫽Yi=F(Ki,NiL)i,웤샍뚯쫕죫햼뇈폫놾닺돶뇈횮볤뗄맘쾵죔좻평(4)쪽뻶뚨ꆣ헢틢캶ퟅ,샍뚯퓶잿탍벼쫵뷸늽,늻펰쿬샍뚯쫕죫햼뇈폫놾닺돶뇈횮볤뗄몯쫽맘쾵ꆣ뛸뛔폚듸폐놾퓶잿탍벼쫵뷸늽뗄짺닺몯쫽Yi=F(MiKi,L)i,웤샍뚯쫕죫햼뇈폫놾닺돶뇈횮볤뗄맘쾵좡뻶폚쿂쏦뗄쪽ퟓ:sLi=g(Mik)i=Mikiꆤꛕ(Mik)iꆤfꇤ(ꛕ(Mik))(i7)ꆡꆡ(7)쪽뗄몬틥쫇:놾퓶잿탍벼쫵뷸늽쪹SK쿟랢짺쇋캻틆(BentolinaandSaint-Paul,2003)ꆣ뛔폚CD몯쫽(1-ꛁ)Yi=(MiKꛁ)iLi,샍뚯쫕죫햼뇈틀좻평(5)쪽뻶뚨ꆣ뛔폚CES몯쫽Yi=[ꛁꆤ(MiK(ꛒ-1)/ꛒ)i+-1)/ꛒꛒ/(ꛒ-1)(1-ꛁ)ꆤ(ꛒLi],샍뚯쫕죫햼뇈캪ꋙ:sLi=1-ꛁꆤ(M(ꛒ-1)/ꛒ(ꛒ-1)/ꛒ(ik)i=1-ꛁꆤM(ꛒ-1)/ꛒiꆤki8)ꆡꆡ(8)쪽뗄몬틥쫇:샍뚯쫕죫햼뇈좡뻶폚놾닺돶뇈(k),떫튲폫놾퓶잿탍벼쫵뷸늽(M)폐맘ꆣ쳦ii듺떯탔뻶뚨쇋놾닺돶뇈뛔폚샍뚯쫕죫햼뇈뗄펰쿬랽쿲,떫펰쿬뗄듳킡폫놾퓶잿탍벼쫵뷸늽폐맘ꆣ죴샍뚯폫놾횮볤쫇쳦듺맘쾵,놾퓶잿탍벼쫵뷸늽붫떼훂샍뚯쫕죫햼뇈뗄쿂붵;랴횮쿠랴ꆣ뺭뗤퇐뺿튻냣뚼틾몬벼쫵뷸늽쫇샍뚯퓶잿탍뗄볙짨ꆣ좻뛸,헢튻뿲볜폫샍뚯쫕죫햼뇈랢짺뇤뮯뗄쿖쪵늻컇뫏ꆣ뛔듋,Acemoglu(2000)뗄뷢쫍쫇,퓚뻹뫢퓶뎤슷뺶짏(balancedgrowthpath)돶쿖뗄ퟜ쫇샍뚯퓶잿탍벼쫵뷸늽,샍뚯쫕죫햼뇈놣돖컈뚨;뛸퓚탍슷뺶짏(transitionpath),믡랢짺놾퓶잿탍벼쫵뷸늽,듋쪱튪쯘쫕죫햼뇈붫랢짺뇤뮯ꆣ욫쿲탍벼쫵뷸늽뛔폚샍뚯쫕죫햼뇈뗄뇤뮯폐튻뚨뗄뷢쫍솦,떫웤뻖쿞탔퓚폚:욫쿲탍벼쫵뷸늽놾짭,늻쓜췪좫뷢쫍샍뚯쫕죫햼뇈뗄뚯첬뇤뮯맽돌;벼쫵뷸늽놾짭뿉쓜쫇쓚짺뗄,헒떽욫쿲탍벼쫵뷸늽랢짺뗄풭틲룼폐틢틥ꆣꋚ뛔듋,죋쏇듓쫐뎡뷡릹랢짺뇤뮯뗄뷇뛈ퟷ뷸튻늽뗄럖컶ꆣ2.닺욷쫐뎡ꆣ죧맻닺욷쫐뎡쫇늻췪좫뺺헹뗄,닺욷볛룱(P))i폫뇟볊돉놾늢늻쿠뗈(MCiꆣ볙짨:P(i=uꆤMCi9)ꆡꆡ(9)쪽벴쯹캽뗄ꆰ돉놾볓돉뚨볛ꆱ,u뇭쪾ꆰ볓돉ꆱ럝뛮(markup)ꆣ죧맻뎧짌붫릤쫓캪룸뚨뗄,뿉틔ꋙFerguson뫍Moroney(1969)ꆢWoodfield(1973)뛔쏀맺뫍탂컷삼샍뚯쫕죫햼뇈뇤뮯살풴뗄뾼달,폫(8)쪽뗄쮼쿫쫇튻훂뗄ꆣꋚAcemoglu(2000)붫놾퓶잿탍벼쫵뷸늽맩틲폚췢짺돥믷ꆣ떫쫇쯻늢캴쟥돾뗘쮵쏷돥믷돶쿖ꆢ놾퓶잿탍벼쫵뷸늽랢짺틔벰샍뚯쫕죫햼뇈뇤뮯횮볤뗄뒫떼믺훆ꆣ쫀뷧뺭볃3ꆡ2008쓪뗚11웚ꆡꆤ89ꆤ
ꆡꆡ뾨뛻뛠ꆰ쳘헷쫂쪵ꆱ퓙쮼뾼:뛔샍뚯쫕죫햼뇈뗄럖컶뗃떽쿠펦뗄샍뚯쫕죫햼뇈뻶뚨랽돌:ꆡꆡꆡsLi=-1uꆤg(k)(i10)ꆡꆡ(10)쪽뗄몬틥쫇:퓚닺욷쫐뎡늢럇췪좫뺺헹뗄쟩뿶쿂,죧맻뎧짌쫓릤캪룸뚨,샍뚯쫕죫햼뇈폫놾닺돶뇈횮볤뗄맘쾵쫜ꆰ볓돉ꆱ럝뛮뗄펰쿬,뛸ꆰ욫샫ꆱ쇋평(4)쪽쯹뻶뚨뗄SK쿟(BentolinaandSaint-Paul,2003)ꆣ(10)쪽뮹뇭쏷,죧맻ꆰ볓돉ꆱ럝뛮ꆰ쮳훜웚ꆱ(pro-cyclical),샍뚯쫕죫햼뇈붫뇭쿖돶쓦훜웚(counter-cyclical)뗄쳘헷,헢튻뗣뛔폚뾼달샍뚯쫕죫햼뇈뗄훜웚탔뻟폐웴랢탔ꆣ뺡맜죧듋,듓닺욷쫐뎡늻췪좫뺺헹뗄뷇뛈,뷢쫍얷훞듳슽맺볒샍뚯쫕죫햼뇈뗄뇤뮯좴듦퓚삧쓑ꆣ튻쳥뮯뷸돌쪹뗃얷쏋닺욷쫐뎡뗄뺺헹돌뛈쳡룟,샍뚯쫕죫햼뇈늻펦돶쿖쿂뮬뗄쟩뿶ꆣ헢낵쪾ퟅ돽쇋닺욷쫐뎡횮췢,샍뚯솦쫐뎡뗄ힴ뿶뿉쓜튲쫇뷢뛁헢튻쿖쿳뗄훘튪쿟쯷ꆣ3.샍뚯솦쫐뎡ꆣ듓샍뚯솦쫐뎡뾼달샍뚯쫕죫햼뇈뗄뇤뮯,폐죽랽쏦뗄쓚죝횵뗃맘힢:튻쫇샍뚯솦쫐뎡릩쟳맘쾵뗄뇤뮯;뛾쫇릤믡솦솿잿죵폫릤뫏춬뗄탎돉쒣쪽;죽쫇샍뚯솦뗷헻돉놾뗄듳킡ꆣ샍뚯솦쫐뎡릩쟳맘쾵뗄뇤뮯ꆣ얷훞듳슽맺볒샍뚯쫕죫햼뇈쿈짽뫳붵폫샍뚯솦쫐뎡릩쟳맘쾵랢짺뇤뮯폐맘(Blanchard,1997)ꆣ퓚20쫀볍70쓪듺,헢킩맺볒퓢폶쪯폍캣믺,짺닺킧싊웕뇩쿂뮬ꆣ평폚샍뚯솦쫐뎡캴쓜벰쪱ퟶ돶뗷헻,놾쫕죫퓚캣믺돵웚듳럹쿂뮬ꆣ쯦ퟅ뛔샍뚯솦쫐뎡릩룸ힴ뿶뗄훰붥쫊펦,웳튵복짙쇋샍뚯솦듦뒢(laborhoarding)뫍뛮췢폃릤,늢퓚샍뚯뷚쪡탍벼쫵뷸늽짏쿂릦럲,놾쫕죫믖뢴,뛸샍뚯쫕죫햼뇈쿂붵ꆢ쪧튵퓶볓ꆣ헢쮵쏷,샍뚯솦쫐뎡돥믷뛔폚샍뚯쫕죫햼뇈뗄뛌웚뫍뎤웚펰쿬폐쯹늻춬(Acemoglu,2000ꆢ2002)ꆣ샍뚯솦쫐뎡뗄뢺쿲돥믷,퓚뛌웚틽웰샍뚯솦릩룸복짙,릤짏짽,놾믘놨쿂붵,샍뚯쫕죫햼뇈쳡룟;떫퓚뎤웚,놾믽샛럅뮺,놾퓶잿탍벼쫵뷸늽랢짺,샍뚯솦탨쟳복짙,놾믘놨짏짽,쫕죫럖엤쿲놾쟣킱,샍뚯쫕죫햼뇈믘실ꆣ릤믡솦솿잿죵뫍릤뫏춬탎쪽ꆣ릤뫏춬폐뛠훖탎쪽,뛔샍뚯쫕죫햼뇈뗄펰쿬튲룷늻쿠춬ꆣ틔ꆰ폐킧쳖볛뮹볛ꆱ쒣탍캪샽:뎧짌뫍릤믡헫뛔릤뫍맍폃죋쫽뷸탐첸에,늢붫맍폃죋쫽좷뚨퓚샍뚯솦뇟볊닺돶폫놣쇴릤쿠뗈뗄쮮욽;뛸쏻틥릤쫇샍뚯솦뗄욽뻹닺돶뫍놣쇴릤뗄볓좨욽뻹,좨훘퓲좡뻶폚릤죋뗄첸에솦솿(Blanchard,1997;BentolinaandSaint-Paul,2003)ꆣꋙ뻝듋뿉뗃샍뚯쫕죫햼뇈뗄뻶뚨랽돌:sL=ꛈ+(1-ꛈ)ꆤg(k)(11)iiꆡꆡ(11)쪽뗄몬틥쫇:릤믡솦솿뗄틽죫,떼훂샍뚯쫕죫햼뇈폫놾닺돶뇈횮볤뗄맘쾵욫샫쇋(4)쪽쯹뻶뚨뗄SK쿟ꆣ쯦ퟅ첸에솦솿뗄퓶뎤,SK쿟쿲짏틆뚯;랴횮쿠랴ꆣ샍뚯솦뗷헻돉놾ꆣ돽쇋ꆰ릤돉놾ꆱ횮췢,뎧짌쏦쇙뗄샍뚯솦돉놾뮹냼삨ꆰ럇릤돉놾ꆱ(BentolinaandSaint-Paul,2003)ꆣ뫳헟벴쯹캽뗄샍뚯솦뗷헻돉놾,냼삨뛔탂맍폃죋풱뗄엠통럑폃ꆢ뷢맍횧뢶틔벰뿉쓜뗄쯟쯏뫍훙닃럑폃뗈ꆣ퓚볆쯣튪쯘쫕죫햼뇈쪱,헢킩럑폃펦볆죫샍뚯쫕죫뗄랶돫ꆣ샍뚯솦뗷헻돉놾뛔폚샍뚯쫕죫햼뇈뗄늨뚯튲폐펰쿬(Kessing,2003)ꆣ죧맻짺닺몯쫽쫇CD탍,샍뚯솦뗷헻돉놾쫇닺솿뗄쿟탔몯쫽,샍뚯솦쫕죫햼뇈뛔췢늿돥믷뗄랴펦돌뛈붫좡뻶폚샍뚯솦뗷헻돉놾뗄듳킡,뛸폫돥믷뗄맦쒣컞맘ꆣ훁듋,틑쳖싛쇋죽샠펰쿬샍뚯쫕죫햼뇈뗄틲쯘:쪹(ki,sL)i퇘SK쿟틆뚯(movementalong),죧튪쯘볛룱뇤뮯뫍샍뚯퓶잿탍벼쫵뷸늽;쪹SK쿟캻틆(shift),죧놾퓶잿탍벼쫵뷸늽;쪹(ki,sL)i욫샫(deviation)SK쿟,죧뎧짌퓚닺욷쫐뎡뗄슢뛏솦솿뫍샍뚯솦뗄ꆰ쳖볛뮹볛ꆱ쓜솦ꆣ틔놾뫍샍뚯횮볤듦퓚쳦듺맘쾵캪샽,죴(ki,sL)iퟮ돵퓚A뗄캻훃(춼1):릤짏짽뫳,쯼퇘ퟅSK쿟틆뚯떽Aꇤ뗄캻훃;놾퓶잿탍벼쫵뷸늽랢짺뫳,쯼쯦ퟅSK쿟캻틆훁Aꇥ뗄캻훃;웳튵슢뛏솦솿퓶볓,쯼욫샫풭폐뗄SK쿟,떽듯AÊ뗄캻훃ꆣBlan2ꋙ뛔폚쓄훖릤뻶뚨쒣탍쓜룼뫃뗘�쫍샍뚯솦쫐뎡,웹뷱늢컞튻훂틢볻(Blanchard,1997)ꆣ돽쇋ꆰ폐킧쳖볛뮹볛ꆱ쒣탍틔췢,ꆰ폐좨닎폫맜샭ꆱ쒣탍튲쫇웤훐횮튻ꆣ룹뻝헢튻쒣탍,샍뚯쫕죫햼뇈폫놾닺돶뇈횮볤뗄맘쾵죔좻평(4)쪽뻶뚨ꆣ쫀뷧뺭볃3ꆡ2008쓪뗚11웚ꆡꆤ90ꆤ
싞뎤풶ꆡꆡchard(1997)횸돶,뷶뷶춨맽(ki,sL)i퓚SK쿟짏틆뚯,뮹늻ퟣ틔뷢쫍얷훞듳슽맺볒샍뚯쫕죫햼뇈뗄뇤뮯,뮹뇘탫뾼싇쪹SK쿟캻틆뗄틲쯘ꆣ쇭췢,폫Bentolila뫍Saint-Paul(2003)늻춬,Blanchard(1997)늢쎻폐퓚쪹SK쿟캻틆뫍쪹(ki,sL)i욫샫SK쿟뗄틲쯘횮볤ퟶ돶쟸럖ꆣ(죽)듓닺튵닣쏦뾴샍뚯쫕죫햼뇈뗄뻶뚨Kongsamut뗈(2001)횸돶,ꆰKaldor쫂쪵ꆱ쏨믦뗄쫇볓ퟜ(aggregate)뗄쟩탎,뛔뺭볃뷸탐럖뷢(disaggregate)믡랢쿖,닺튵뷡릹퓚늻뛏뇤뮯,샍뚯쫕죫햼뇈퓚닺튵볤듦퓚뫜듳닮틬ꆣ쯻쏇듓닺욷(얩닺욷ꆢ릤튵욷틔벰럾컱)뇟볊쳦듺싊뗄뷇뛈,�쫍쇋닺튵뷡릹뫍샍뚯쫕죫햼뇈뗄뇤뮯ꆣ쯻쏇뗄쒣탍뇭쏷,쯦ퟅ뺭볃뗄랢햹,얩튵ꆢ릤튵틔벰럾컱튵뗄뻍튵뫍샍뚯쫕죫햼뇈럖뇰돊쿖돶복짙ꆢ늻뇤뫍퓶볓뗄첬쫆,웤뷡맻쫇ퟜ솿쮮욽뗄샍뚯쫕죫햼뇈놣돖컈뚨ꆣAcemoglu뫍Guerrieri(2006)춼듓튪쯘쏜벯뛈뫍놾짮뮯뗄뷇뛈,웊컶쇋ퟜ솿쮮1샍뚯쫕죫햼뇈폫놾닺돶뇈횮볤뗄맘쾵:SK쿟쇏살풴욽샍뚯쫕죫햼뇈뗄컈뚨탔폫럇욽뫢퓶뎤릲듦뗄:Bentolina뫍Saint-Paul(2003)ꆣ컊쳢ꆣ놾짮뮯듙쪹놾쏜벯늿쏅뷏뿬퓶뎤,웤닺욷볛룱늻뛏쿂뗸,놾뫍샍뚯쿲샍뚯쏜벯탍늿쏅틆,떼훂놾쏜벯탍늿쏅뗄캮쯵뫍샍뚯쏜벯탍늿쏅뗄삩헅ꆣ헻룶짧믡뗄샍뚯쫕죫햼뇈늻뛏쳡룟,횱훁쫕솲훁컈첬뗄쮮욽,떫헢튻맽돌쪮럖싾뎤ꆣZuleta(2007)ꆢZuleta뫍Young(2007)듓폕훂뒴탂뫍쓚짺퓶뎤뗄뷇뛈,뾼달쇋ퟜ솿샍뚯쫕죫햼뇈컈뚨놳뫳뗄늿쏅틲쯘ꆣ튻랽쏦,뿉쎳틗욷짺닺뗄놾닺돶떯탔쯦ퟅ놾믽샛늻뛏쳡룟,횱훁짺닺몯쫽퇝뇤돉AK탍(쓚짺퓶뎤)ꋙ;쇭튻랽쏦,럾컱욷늿쏅횻쪹폃샍뚯솦,룃늿쏅뗄탨쟳쯦ퟅ뺭볃뗄랢햹뛸퓶뎤,샍뚯솦늻뛏틆뷸살ꆣ잰튻늿쏅뗄샍뚯쫕죫럝뛮캪0,쯼뗄짺닺쎻폐벫쿞떫볛룱죕틦쿂붵;뫳튻늿쏅뗄샍뚯쫕죫럝뛮캪1,쯼뗄짺닺쫜훆폚샍뚯솦릩룸틲뛸볛룱늻뛏짏짽ꆣ뻹뫢쪱,헻룶짧믡뗄샍뚯쫕죫햼뇈쫕솲훁튻컈첬횵ꆣꋚ(쯄)뾪럅쳵볾쿂,샍뚯쫕죫햼뇈뗄뻶뚨잰쏦뗄럖컶뻹쫇럢뇕뗄,쎻폐뾼싇좫쟲뮯틲쯘퓚샍뚯쫕죫햼뇈뇤뮯맽돌훐뗄ퟷ폃ꆣBlanchard(1997)쯤쳡떽맽쎳틗뿉쓜춨맽ꆰ튪쯘볛룱뻹뗈뮯뚨샭ꆱ뛔샍뚯쫕죫햼뇈닺짺펰쿬,떫좴퓚ퟮ뫳춨맽램맺뗄탐튵쫽뻝럱뚨쇋헢튻에뛏ꆣ폫듋쿠랴,Harrison(2002)쏷좷횸돶,랢듯맺볒샍뚯쫕죫햼뇈뗄뇤뮯폫좫쟲뮯뷸돌폐쏜쟐솪쾵ꆣ쯽붫튪쯘쫕죫럖돉ꆰ뺺헹쿂뗄쫕죫ꆱ뫍ꆰ늻췪좫뺺헹쿂뗄ퟢ뷰ꆱ,뫳헟뗄럖엤좡뻶폚샍뚯뫍놾뗄ꆰ쳖볛뮹볛ꆱ쓜솦ꆣ놾뗄첸에뗘캻퓚좫쟲뮯뗄맽돌훐뗃떽볓잿,뛱뮯쇋샍뚯헟뗄쫕죫(LeeandJayadev,2005;Guscina,2006;Jayadev,2007)ꆣ춬퇹쫇헫뛔좫쟲뮯뗄펰쿬,Diwan(2000ꆢ2001)뗄맛뗣짔폐늻춬ꆣ쯻쳘뇰잿뗷,퓚놾헋뮧뾪럅뗄쳵볾쿂,랢짺뷰죚캣믺뗄뿉쓜탔쳡룟ꆣ폐맘횤뻝뇭쏷,릤죋(la2bor)늻쫇캣믺뗄ꆰ엔맛헟ꆱ,쿠랴,쯻쏇돐떣쇋폫쫕죫늻쿠돆뗄듺볛ꆣAskenazy(2005)뛔좫쟲뮯펰쿬샍뚯쫕죫햼뇈폐룼짮죫뗄죏쪶ꆣ쯻죏캪,랢햹훐맺볒솮볛짌욷뗄뺺헹톹솦,듙쪹랢듯맺볒뗄쫬솷샍뚯솦뫍럇ꋙ폖돆쿟탔쒣탍,쯼춨맽볙뚨닺돶쫇놾듦솿뗄쿟탔몯쫽뛸럅웺쇋놾뇟볊쫕틦뗝복뗄볙뚨ꆣꋚ퓚Acemoglu폫Guerrieri(2006)뗄쒣탍샯,샍뚯쫕죫햼뇈듓뗍쮮욽쫕솲훁컈첬횵;뛸퓚Zuleta뫍Young(2007)쒣탍샯,샍뚯쫕죫햼뇈쫇듓룟쮮욽쫕솲훁컈첬횵ꆣ쫀뷧뺭볃3ꆡ2008쓪뗚11웚ꆡꆤ91ꆤ
ꆡꆡ뾨뛻뛠ꆰ쳘헷쫂쪵ꆱ퓙쮼뾼:뛔샍뚯쫕죫햼뇈뗄럖컶쫬솷샍뚯솦럖뇰쿲R&D쏜벯뗄탐튵뫍럾컱튵틆ꆣ퓚폫랢햹훐맺볒뷸탐쎳틗뗄맽돌훐,횻튪퓚R&D쏜벯뗄탐튵샯,샍뚯솦뗄뇟볊쫕틦뗝복,랢듯맺볒뗄럾컱튵맦쒣ퟣ릻듳,럾컱욷쫇늻뿉쎳틗욷,랢듯맺볒뗄샍뚯쫕죫햼뇈뻍뿉쓜늻붵랴짽ꆣ쯄맘폚샍뚯쫕죫햼뇈뻶뚨뗄뺭퇩럖컶헢튻쇬폲뗄뺭퇩럖컶훷튪쫇뛔샍뚯쫕죫햼뇈뗄뻶뚨틲쯘뷸탐첽쳖ꆣ짦벰뗄틲쯘냼삨놾닺돶뇈ꆢ벼쫵뷸늽ꆢ좫쟲뮯ꆢ뺭볃랢햹쮮욽ꆢ럇헽맦늿쏅맦쒣ꆢ뛔샍뚯솦뗄놣뮤돌뛈ꆢ죋솦놾믽샛틔벰닆헾쫕횧뗈ꆣ퓚훰튻쳖싛헢킩틲쯘횮잰,쿈뻍샍뚯쫕죫햼뇈듳킡뗄퇐뺿ퟶ볲떥뗄믘맋ꆣ(튻)샍뚯쫕죫햼뇈듳킡벰뇤뮯럖뷢Bernanke(2001)뫍Gollin(2002)뻹볆쯣맽맺뇰뗄샍뚯쫕죫햼뇈ꆣ퓚뾼싇쇋ퟔ컒맍폃쫕죫횮뫳,쯻쏇랢쿖샍뚯쫕죫햼뇈늢늻듦퓚쿔훸뗄뿧맺닮틬,뛠쫽맺볒헢튻횵컈뚨퓚65%뗄쮮욽짏ꆣValentinyi뫍Her2rendorf(2007)뇈뷏쇋쏀맺늻춬늿쏅놾쫕죫햼뇈뗄듳킡:얩튵늿쏅룟폚럇얩늿쏅;쿻럑욷늿쏅룟폚춶욷늿쏅;뿉쎳틗욷늿쏅룟폚늻뿉쎳틗욷늿쏅ꆣ듓헢킩뛔뇈뿉틔볤뷓뗘믱횪폐맘늿쏅샍뚯쫕죫뗄탅쾢ꆣYoung(2006)듓탐튵닣쏦뛔샍뚯쫕죫햼뇈뗄뇤뮯뷸탐쇋럖뷢ꆣ룹뻝쯻뗄럖컶,ퟜ솿쮮욽뗄샍뚯쫕죫햼뇈뗈폚룷늿쏅샍뚯쫕죫햼뇈뗄볓좨뫍:ꆡꆡꆡꆡsLi=ꇆjwijꆤsL(ij12)ꆡꆡ웤훐,sLi뫍sLij럖뇰뇭쪾헻룶뺭볃뫍j닺튵뗄샍뚯쫕죫햼뇈;wij쫇좨훘,뇭쪾j닺튵퓶볓횵햼헻룶퓶볓횵뗄뇈훘ꆣ룹뻝룃쪽,ퟜ솿쮮욽샍뚯쫕죫햼뇈뗄뇤뮯뿉럖뷢돉죽늿럖:늿쏅쓚뇤뮯,벴좨훘늻뇤,늿쏅샍뚯쫕죫햼뇈랢짺뇤뮯;늿쏅볤뇤뮯,벴늿쏅샍뚯쫕죫햼뇈늻뇤,좨훘랢짺뇤뮯;뛾헟춬쪱뇤뮯ꆣ쯻뛔쏀맺탐튵쫽뻝뗄럖컶뇭쏷,퓚헻룶뺭볃샍뚯쫕죫햼뇈뗄늨뚯훐,늿쏅쓚뇤뮯햼훷떼,늿쏅볤뇤뮯펰쿬늻듳ꆣ쯻뮹횸돶,죴췢늿돥믷틽웰늿쏅샍뚯쫕죫햼뇈랢짺춬랽쿲뇤뮯,붫럅듳헻룶뺭볃샍뚯쫕죫햼뇈뗄늨뚯ꆣ헽쫇퓚헢룶틢틥짏,헻룶뺭볃샍뚯쫕죫햼뇈뗄늨뚯늻튻뚨뇈늿쏅샍뚯쫕죫햼뇈뗄늨뚯킡(Solow,1958)ꆣ(뛾)샍뚯쫕죫햼뇈뗄뻶뚨틲쯘1.놾닺돶뇈ꆣBentolina뫍Saint-Paul(2003)뛔1972ꆫ1993쓪OECD맺볒뗄퇐뺿랢쿖,놾닺돶뇈뛔샍뚯쫕죫햼뇈뗄펰쿬쿔훸캪뢺,쳦듺떯탔뺭맽볆쯣뗈폚(ꛒ>1),틢캶ퟅ샍뚯뫍놾횮볤쫇쳦듺맘쾵ꆣDiwan(2000)퓋폃1975ꆫ1995쓪쫀뷧135룶맺볒뗄쫽뻝,듓놾닺돶뇈뗄뷇뛈럖컶쇋놾믽샛뛔샍뚯쫕죫햼뇈뗄펰쿬ꆣ쯻랢쿖헢훖펰쿬퓚뢻풣맺볒뫍욶쟮맺볒쫇늻튻퇹뗄:퓚뢻풣맺볒,놾믽샛풽뛠,샍뚯쫕죫햼뇈풽룟,헢훖뷡맻뿉쓜폫놾듦솿풽룟,샍뚯솦쳖볛뮹볛쓜솦풽잿폐맘;뛸퓚욶쟮맺볒,놾믽샛폫샍뚯쫕죫햼뇈뢺쿠맘,뿉쓜틢캶ퟅ퓚놾듦솿뷏뗍뗄쪱뫲,샍뚯솦횻쓜릻퓚쫕죫훐튪쟳튻룶뫜킡뗄럝뛮,닅뿉틔컼틽놾뗄쇷죫ꆣ쇭췢,룹뻝(2)쪽,놾닺돶뇈(k)i폫샍뚯뫍놾횮볤뗄뇈샽(l)i튻튻뛔펦ꆣHarrison(2002)쪹폃뫳헟뛔1960-1997쓪쫀뷧100뛠룶맺볒뗄샍뚯쫕죫햼뇈뷸탐쇋퇐뺿,랢쿖샍뚯폫놾뇈샽풽룟,샍뚯쫕죫햼뇈풽킡,늢죏캪헢튻뷡맻폫놾늻쓜뫜죝틗뗘폃샍뚯살듺쳦폐맘,쯦ퟅ샍뚯솦뗄퓶볓,놾믘놨쿠뛔짏짽,샍뚯쫕죫햼뇈쿂붵ꆣPoterba(1997)뛔쏀맺뗄퇐뺿튲뗃떽쿠쯆뗄뷡싛ꆣ2.벼쫵뷸늽ꆣBentolina뫍Saint-Paul(2003)폃좫튪쯘짺닺싊(TFP)뇭쪾벼쫵뷸늽,랢쿖쯼뛔OECD맺볒샍뚯쫕죫햼뇈뗄펰쿬쿔훸캪뢺,쯻쏇냑헢튻뷡맻맩폚벼쫵뷸늽뗄놾퓶잿쫴탔ꆣGuscina(2006)뛔18룶릤튵뮯맺볒1960ꆫ2000쓪뗄쫽뻝뷸탐럖컶,뗃떽뗄뷡싛뇈뷏쿠쯆,떫쯽쫇폃떥캻샍뚯쪱볤뗄GDP믲떥캻풱릤뗄GDP살뫢솿벼쫵뷸늽뗄ꆣ쯻쏇뗄뷡싛뻹낵쪾놾뫍샍뚯횮볤듦퓚쳦듺맘쾵;쯼쏇뗄늻춬퓚폚,뫳헟쎻폐퓚랽돌훐뿘훆놾닺돶뇈ꆣHarrison(2002)붨틩폃헾뢮횧돶퓚뷌폽뫍짨놸춶횮볤뗄뇈쫀뷧뺭볃3ꆡ2008쓪뗚11웚ꆡꆤ92ꆤ
싞뎤풶ꆡꆡ샽,뾼달욫쿲탍벼쫵뷸늽뛔샍뚯쫕죫햼뇈뗄펰쿬ꆣ평폚쫽뻝뗄풭틲,쯽늢쎻폐퓚퇐뺿훐틽죫헢튻틲쯘ꆣ3.좫쟲뮯ꆣ컄쿗훐폃쎳틗틀듦뛈ꆢFDI햼GDP뗄뇈훘틔벰쫇럱듦퓚놾맜훆살뫢솿닎폫좫쟲뮯뗄돌뛈ꆣ룹뻝탂맅뗤쎳틗샭싛,랢듯맺볒폫랢햹훐맺볒횮볤뗄쎳틗,뿉쓜믡붵뗍잰헟뗄샍뚯쫕죫햼뇈ꆣ룹뻝ꆰ쳖볛뮹볛ꆱ쒣탍,퓚좫쟲뮯놳뺰쿂,룷맺캪컼틽놾햹뾪뺺헹,죵뮯쇋릤죋뗄첸에뗘캻,샍뚯쫕죫햼뇈붵뗍ꆣ훁폚놾헋뮧뾪럅,듓뎤웚살뾴,쯼폐훺폚퓶볓뒢탮뫍춶,뛔쳡룟샍뚯쫕죫햼뇈폐샻;떫퓚뛌웚,쯼믡볓잿놾뗄첸에솦솿,늻샻폚샍뚯쫕죫햼뇈뗄룄짆ꆣ퓚Harrison(2002)뗄퇐뺿훐,헢죽룶뇤솿뻹폫샍뚯쫕죫햼뇈뢺쿠맘,뛔듋,ꆰ쳖볛뮹볛ꆱ쒣탍뿉틔룸돶뷢쫍ꆣLee뫍Jayadev(2005)ꆢJayadev(2007)뗄뷡싛폫듋샠쯆ꆣ뛸Guscina(2006)죏캪,럖컶좫쟲뮯뛔18룶릤튵뮯맺볒샍뚯쫕죫햼뇈뗄뢺쏦ퟷ폃,탨튪뷡뫏탂맅뗤쎳틗샭싛뫍ꆰ쳖볛뮹볛ꆱ쒣탍뗄쮼쿫ꆣDiwan(2000ꆢ2001)퓲힢틢떽좫쟲뮯뛔늻춬맺볒샍뚯쫕죫햼뇈뗄펰쿬늢늻튻퇹,뛔폚랽돌뗄뚨틥튲룟뛈쏴룐ꆣ쯻횸돶,좫쟲뮯,쳘뇰쫇럅쯉놾맜훆,뿉쓜춨맽뷰죚캣믺뛔샍뚯쫕죫햼뇈닺짺뢺쏦펰쿬,룸샍뚯헟듸살폀뻃뗄뒴짋ꆣ4.웤쯻펰쿬틲쯘ꆣ뺭볃랢햹쮮욽ꆣꆰ뿢쓹듄쟺쿟ꆱ뇭쏷,튻맺퓚뺭볃랢햹돵웚,쫕죫닮뻠늻뛏삩듳,듯떽튻뚨쮮욽횮뫳,쫕죫닮뻠닅믡훰붥쯵킡ꆣ뛸Daudey뫍Garcia-Penalosa(2007)춨맽퇐뺿랢쿖,샍뚯쫕죫햼뇈풽룟,쫕죫닮뻠(믹쓡쾵쫽)풽킡ꆣ내헕헢튻싟벭,샍뚯쫕죫햼뇈뿉쓜퓚뺭볃랢햹퓧웚뒦폚쿂탐뗄첬쫆,떽쒳룶뷗뛎횮뫳닅믡짏짽ꆣDiwan(2000)퓚샍뚯쫕죫햼뇈뗄뻶뚨랽돌훐럅죫죋뻹GDP뗄튻듎쿮뫍뛾듎쿮,뷡맻랢쿖잰헟뗄쾵쫽캪헽,뫳헟쾵쫽캪뢺,뇭쏷샍뚯쫕죫햼뇈폫뺭볃랢햹쮮욽횮볤뗄맘쾵돊떹U탍,폫ꆰ뿢쓹듄쟺쿟ꆱ뗄풤닢룕뫃쿠랴ꆣLee뫍Jayadev(2005)ꆢJayadev(2007)뗄퇐뺿냼삨쇋죋뻹GDP뗄튻듎쿮,쯼퓚듳뛠쫽랽돌샯춬샍뚯쫕죫햼뇈헽쿠맘ꆣHarrison(2002)퓚샍뚯쫕죫햼뇈뗄뻶뚨랽돌훐,틽죫놾맺쿠뛔폚췢맺뗄죋뻹쫕죫쮮욽,랢쿖쯼폫샍뚯쫕죫햼뇈쿔훸뢺쿠맘ꆣ뛔듋,쯽뗄뷢쫍쫇,튻맺죋뻹쫕죫쮮욽풽룟,웤샍뚯솦쿲췢쇷뚯뗄벤샸풽킡,샍뚯솦뗄첸에뗘캻풽늻샻,샍뚯쫕죫햼뇈풽뗍ꆣ럇헽맦늿쏅뗄맦쒣ꆣDiwan(2000)폃ꆰ얩튵죋뿚퓚헻룶죋뿚훐쯹햼뗄뇈훘ꆱ뫢솿럇헽맦늿쏅뗄맦쒣,랢쿖얩튵죋뿚햼뇈풽룟,뢻풣맺볒뗄샍뚯쫕죫햼뇈풽뗍,뛸욶쟮맺볒룕뫃쿠랴ꆣ뛔뢻풣맺볒살쮵,샍뚯솦듓얩튵틆훁돇쫐훐뗄럇얩탐튵,샍뚯짺닺싊믡쳡룟,춬쪱,샍뚯솦듓얩튵틆돶살횮뫳,쯻쏇뗄쫕죫퓚춳볆짏뻍놻헽쪽쓉죫샍뚯뗄랶돫ꆣ헢솽랽쏦뗄틲쯘뚼쪹뗃랢듯맺볒퓚얩튵죋뿚늻뛏복짙뗄쟩뿶쿂,샍뚯쫕죫햼뇈짏짽ꆣ뛔샍뚯솦뗄놣뮤돌뛈ꆣ샍뚯솦놣뮤뛔샍뚯쫕죫햼뇈뗄펰쿬폐솽룶쟾뗀,튻쫇펰쿬릤,뛾쫇펰쿬뻍튵ꆣGuscina(2006)폃릤죋닎볓릤믡뗄뇈샽틔벰퇆뇤솿뫢솿뛔샍뚯솦뗄놣뮤잿뛈,늢횸돶20쫀볍80쓪듺훐웚틔뫳,릤튵뮯맺볒릤믡솦솿죵뮯뫍뻍튵놣뮤잿뛈쿂붵쫇샍뚯쫕죫햼뇈쿂붵뗄풭틲횮튻ꆣBentolina뫍Saint-Paul(2003)뾼달쇋샍릤뚷헹(laborconflict)듎쫽뛔샍뚯쫕죫햼뇈뗄펰쿬,랢쿖쯼뛔샍뚯쫕죫햼뇈펰쿬캪뢺,떫늢늻쿔훸ꆣ죋솦놾믽샛ꆣ죋솦놾믽샛뛔샍뚯쫕죫햼뇈뗄펰쿬폐솽훖뿉쓜:쫜뷌폽돌뛈풽룟,샍뚯솦뗄뇟볊닺돶풽듳,쿠펦뗄샍뚯솦쫕죫풽뛠;쫜뷌폽쮮욽풽룟,폫횮쿠욥엤(matched)뗄놾뻍풽뛠,놾뗄쳖볛뮹볛쓜솦뻍풽잿,튲뻍풽늻샻폚샍뚯쫕죫햼뇈뗄쳡짽ꆣDiwan(2000)폃죋뻹쫜뷌폽쓪쿞듺뇭죋솦놾듦솿,뛔헢솽훖볙쮵뷸탐쇋뾼달,뷡맻뇭쏷:뢻풣맺볒횧돖잰튻볙쮵,죋솦놾믽샛풽뛠,샍뚯쫕죫햼뇈풽룟;뛸욶쟮맺볒횧돖뫳튻볙쮵,죋솦놾믽샛풽뛠,샍뚯쫕죫햼뇈풽킡ꆣ닆헾쫕횧ꆣDiwan(2000)뗄퇐뺿쿔쪾,닆헾횧돶뗄삩듳폐샻폚욶쟮맺볒샍뚯쫕죫햼뇈뗄쳡룟,뛔뢻풣맺볒좴늻좻ꆣ쯻죏캪닺짺헢튻닮틬뗄풭틲퓚폚:닆헾횧돶퓚욶쟮맺볒훷튪폃폚늹뎥샍뚯헟뗄쫕죫;뛸퓚뢻풣맺볒쟣쿲폚뛔쳘쫢좺쳥(죧샻틦벯췅)뗄틆횧뢶ꆣHarrison(2002)뗄퇐뺿튲횧돖헾뢮횧쫀뷧뺭볃3ꆡ2008쓪뗚11웚ꆡꆤ93ꆤ
ꆡꆡ뾨뛻뛠ꆰ쳘헷쫂쪵ꆱ퓙쮼뾼:뛔샍뚯쫕죫햼뇈뗄럖컶돶폐샻폚쳡룟샍뚯헟쫕죫뗄맛뗣ꆣLee뫍Jayadev(2005)ꆢJayadev(2007)폃맺쏱쫕죫훐헾뢮쯹햼럝뛮듺뇭헾뢮뛔뺭볃뗄룉풤,랢쿖룃횵풽룟,샍뚯쫕죫햼뇈풽룟ꆣ쯻쏇짵훁랢쿖닆헾돠ퟖ튲뛔샍뚯쫕죫햼뇈폐믽벫ퟷ폃ꆣ컥뛔퇐뺿훐맺샍뚯쫕죫햼뇈뇤뮯뗄돵늽쮼뾼뛔폚훐맺샍뚯쫕죫햼뇈뗄뇤뮯,틑폐톧헟듓맺쏱쫕죫돵듎럖엤뗄뷇뛈뷸탐쇋뷢쫍(탬욽짺,2006;샮떾뿻,2007;샮퇯뫍틳붣럥,2007)ꆣ떫뛔폚쯼닺짺뗄믺훆,좴쎻폐뷸탐짮죫첽쳖ꆣ쿂쏦뷡뫏잰쏦믘맋뗄쿠맘컄쿗,뻍헢튻쿖쿳쳡돶돵늽뗄퇐뺿쮼슷ꆣ1.샍뚯쫕죫햼뇈쿂붵쫇럱캪샍뚯솦쫐뎡헽쿲돥믷뗄뛌웚뷡맻ꆣ1996쓪춨맽붨솢퓙뻍튵럾컱훐탄럖쇷맺폐웳튵뢻폠횰릤뗄룄룯톸쯙퓚좫맺워뾪,쯼뇪횾ퟅ훐맺샍뚯솦쫐뎡룄룯뷸죫탂뗄뷗뛎,쫇ꆰ샍뚯솦쫐뎡룄룯뗄럖쮮쇫ꆱ(슽쏺뫍붯쪿쟤,2007)ꆣ폫듋춬쪱,맺폐웳튵튲뾪쪼듓튻킩뺺헹탔쇬폲췋돶,쪮쇹뷬죽훐좫믡횮뫳,헢튻뷸돌쏷쿔볓뿬ꆣ룄훆뫳뗄웳튵횧뢶뗄샍뚯솦볛룱뷓뷼폚ꆰ쫐뎡돶쟥ꆱ뗄쮮욽ꆣ쯦ퟅ샍뚯솦쫐뎡룄룯뫍맺폐웳튵룄훆뗄짮뮯,ꆰ릤쟖쪴샻죳ꆱ뗄뻖쏦뗃떽얤ꆣ듳솿샍뚯솦뷸죫쫐뎡틔벰웳튵내헕ꆰ뇟볊닺돶볛횵ꆱ횧뢶릤,헢훖뺺헹탔뗄샍뚯솦릩쟳맘쾵,탎돉뛔샍뚯솦쫐뎡릩룸뗄헽쿲돥믷ꆣ룃돥믷퓚뛌웚쓚톹뗍샍뚯쫕죫햼뇈,떫퓚훐뎤웚좴폐샻폚샍뚯쫕죫햼뇈뫍뻍튵솿뗄퓶뎤(Acemoglu,2000)ꆣ훐맺샍뚯쫕죫햼뇈퓚1996쓪횮뫳튻슷쿂뮬,믲탭뻍쫇헢훖돥믷뗄뛌웚뷡맻ꆣ2.샍뚯쫕죫햼뇈쿂붵쫇럱쫇샍뚯솦첸에솦솿놻뗘쟸볤뺺헹죵뮯뗄뷡맻ꆣ샍뚯쫕죫햼뇈쿂붵틑돉캪튻훖좫쟲탔쿖쿳,헢폫뷰죚쫐뎡튻쳥뮯쪱듺,놾쿠뛔폚샍뚯솦뗄쇷뚯탔룼듳ꆢ첸에솦솿룼잿폐맘(Harri2son,2002)ꆣ좻뛸,훐맺뗄쟩뿶짔폐늻춬,쯼쎿쓪컼틽뗄FDI쇷죫솿듯떽쇋500ꆫ700틚쏀풪ꆣ내뗀샭,췢풴풴늻뛏뗘쇷죫,놾쾡좱탔뗃틔붵뗍,샍뚯솦뗄ꆰ쳖볛뮹볛ꆱ쓜솦뫍샍뚯쫕죫햼뇈펦폐쯹룄짆,떫쪵볊쟩뿶좴룕뫃쿠랴ꆣ헢뿉쓜폫훐맺닆헾럖좨뫍헾훎벯좨쯹벤웰뗄뗘랽헾뢮볤뗄GDPꆰ뺺주ꆱ폐맘(Li뫍Zhou,2005;췵폀쟕뗈,2007;헅뻼뫍훜샨낲,2008)ꆣ캪쇋헐짌틽,뗘랽헾뢮퓚믹뒡짨쪩ꆢ튪쯘볛룱뫍뮷뺳놣뮤랽쏦늻쾧ꆰ뺺헹떽뗗ꆱ(racetobottom)ꆣ샍뚯쫕죫햼뇈쿂붵쫇헢훖뺺헹틽웰샍뚯솦첸에솦솿놻죵뮯뗄뷡맻ꆣ쿠뛔폚웤쯻맺볒,훐맺욾뷨뗍솮뗄샍뚯솦돉놾ꆢ맣삫뗄쫐뎡ꆢ컈뚨뗄헾훎뮷뺳뫍폅훊뗄믹뒡쪵쪩,돉캪좫쟲놾쇷뚯뗄훘튪쒿뗄뗘ꆣ퓚훐맺,췢뗄훷쳥쫇듓쫂볓릤쎳틗뗄샍뚯쏜벯탍웳튵,쯼쏇붫헢샯ퟷ캪ퟩힰ믹뗘뫍돶뿚욽첨ꆣ냩쯦릩룸뗄늻뛏퓶뎤,헢샠웳튵쏦쇙뗄쎳틗쳵볾죕틦뛱뮯,캪쇋캬돖틑뺭첯놡뗄샻죳,쯼쏇믡뷸튻늽톹뗍샍뚯솦돉놾ꆣ뿉볻,뗘쟸횮볤뗄벤쇒뺺헹뻟폐솽쏦탔,퓚볓쯙췢쇷죫뗄춬쪱,튲쪹훐맺즥쪧쇋뫜뛠뢣샻룄짆뗄믺믡,샍뚯쫕죫햼뇈뛱뮯뇣쫇웤훐횮튻ꆣ3.샍뚯쫕죫햼뇈쿂붵쫇럱쫇훘뮯릤튵뮯뫍놾욫쿲탍벼쫵뷸늽뗄뷡맻ꆣ춶뗄듳맦쒣퓶뎤뫍놾샍뚯뇈뗄쳡룟,쫇훐맺1993쓪틔살,릤튵닺돶톸쏍삩헅쓋훁헻룶GDP뫍샍뚯짺닺싊퓶뎤뗄훘튪풭틲ꆣ1993쓪횮뫳폫횮잰쿠뇈,욽뻹뛸퇔:뻍튵퓶뎤듓%쿂붵훁%;TFP퓶뎤듓%쿂붵훁217%;뛸놾샍뚯뇈퓶뎤듓%짏짽훁%ꆣ뷘훁2004쓪,릤튵햼GDP뗄뇈훘틑듓1990쓪38%짏짽훁2004쓪뗄53%ꆣ좻뛸,ퟔ20쫀볍90쓪듺퓧웚틔살,헢튻늿쏅컼쓉뗄뻍튵좴쎻폐듳뗄퓶뎤(KuijsandWang,2005)ꆣ뫜쏷쿔,훘뮯릤튵뮯쟣쿲틖훆쇋릤튵늿쏅뗄샍뚯솦탨쟳ꆣ평폚풴놻릤튵늿쏅맽뛠뗘햼폃틔벰뛔쮽죋놾뷸죫뗄쿞훆,럾컱튵랢햹쫜떽뫜듳훆풼,늻샻폚뻍튵퓶뎤뫍샍뚯쫕죫뗄룄짆ꆣ훘뮯릤튵뮯튲뇭쿖퓚돶뿚닺욷뗄뷡릹짏ꆣ1995쓪틔살,훐맺틑듓훷튪돶뿚쟡럄뗈샍뚯쏜벯탍닺욷쿲돶뿚믺킵뗈놾쿠뛔쏜벯뗄닺욷(쿠맘쓪뛈ꆶ훐맺춳볆쓪본ꆷ)ꆣ돶뿚닺욷뗄뢴퓓돌뛈틑쫇죋뻹GDP죽놶폚훐맺뗄맺쫀뷧뺭볃3ꆡ2008쓪뗚11웚ꆡꆤ94ꆤ
싞뎤풶ꆡꆡ볒닅쓜릻듯떽뗄쮮욽(Rodrik,2006)ꆣAnderson(2007)짵훁횸돶,2005쓪틔살룖쳺뫍풭닄쇏뗈훘탍릤튵쫗듎돶쿖뗄돶뿚펯폠,쫇ퟮ뷼벸쓪훐맺췢쎳쮳닮톸쏍삩헅뗄훘튪풭틲횮튻ꆣ돶뿚닺욷놾쏜벯뛈뗄쳡룟붫쪹돶뿚쫕틦룼뛠뗘놻놾믱뗃,늻샻폚샍뚯쫕죫햼뇈뗄쳡룟ꆣ룼훘튪뗄쫇,놾뿬쯙믽샛뫍돶뿚뷡릹쿲놾쏜벯탍닺욷틆,늻뷶믡퓚뛌웚쓚틽웰쫕죫럖엤쿲놾쟣킱,뮹믡퓚뎤웚폕훂놾욫쿲탍벼쫵뷸늽랢짺,뷸튻늽톹뗍샍뚯쫕죫햼뇈(Acemoglu,2002;Zuleta,2007)ꆣ쇹볲뛌뗄뷡폯20쫀볍70쓪듺틔뫳,맘폚샍뚯쫕죫햼뇈뗄퇐뺿늢늻뛠,헢폫랢듯맺볒샍뚯쫕죫햼뇈틑뺭뒦퓚뷏룟쮮욽폐튻뚨뗄맘쾵ꆣ틔쏀맺캪샽,쯼뗄샍뚯쫕죫햼뇈뎤웚캬돖퓚60%ꆫ70%뗄쮮욽ꆣ랢듯맺볒뗄샍뚯솦쫐뎡쾸럖돌뛈룟,훷튪뗄럖엤컊쳢닺짺퓚쫬솷샍뚯솦뫍럇쫬솷샍뚯솦횮볤,늻춬벼쓜쮮욽뗄샍뚯솦쫕죫닮뻠뇈뷏듳ꆣ헢쫇뷼쓪살룃쇬폲폐듳솿퇐뺿돶쿖뗄훘튪풭틲ꆣ폫랢듯맺볒늻춬,훐맺뗄랢햹쮮욽뮹뇈뷏뗍,쿠뛔폚샍뚯솦쓚늿뗄쫕죫닮뻠,튪쯘횮볤쳘뇰쫇놾뫍샍뚯횮볤뗄쫕죫닮뻠룼캪춻돶ꆣ좻뛸뎤웚틔살,맘폚샍뚯폫놾횮볤뗄쫕죫럖엤튻횱놻죋쏇쯹뫶쫓ꆣ헢샯쏦뿉쓜폐솽룶풭틲:튻쫇틔잰듳늿럖놾쫴폚맺볒,놾믘놨퓚샭싛짏튲캪좫쏱쯹쿭,쳖싛놾뫍샍뚯횮볤뗄쫕죫럖엤쎻폐뇘튪;뛾쫇놾쫕죫럝뛮첫듳,샍뚯쫕죫럝뛮첫짙,죋쏇룼퓚틢틑뺭뫜킡뗄헢튻뿩샯쏦쫇럱럖뗃릫욽,튲뻍쫇쯹캽뗄ꆰ틲맑,뛸뮼늻뻹ꆱꆣ샍뚯쫕죫퓚헻룶맺쏱쫕죫훐쯹햼뗄럝뛮,튻뚨돌뛈짏뻶뚨쇋쿻럑탨쟳뗄듳킡,뛸뫳헟쫇쓚탨쓜럱삩헅뗄맘볼틲쯘ꆣ쒿잰,훐맺뺭볃헽뒦퓚쓚췢쪧뫢붻횯뫍럅듳뗄삧뺳횮훐,뛔샍뚯쫕죫햼뇈뻶뚨틲쯘뗄뾼달,폐훺폚퓚샭싛짏뛔뫍킳짧믡랢햹쒣쪽뗄첽쯷,튲폐훺폚퓚훆뚨뺭볃헾닟쪱,냑샍뚯솦쓜럱듓맺볊럖릤훐믱틦냚퓚룼춻돶뗄캻훃ꆣ닎뾼컄쿗:샮떾뿻(2007):ꆶ훘쫓GDP훐샍뚯쫕죫뇈훘뗄쿂붵ꆷ,ꆶ탂닆뢻ꆷ9퓂21죕ꆣ샮퇯ꆢ틳붣럥(2007):ꆶ훐맺룟뒢탮싊컊쳢첽뺿ꆷ,ꆶ뺭볃퇐뺿ꆷ뗚6웚ꆣ슽쏺ꆢ붯쪿쟤(2007):ꆶ훘릹ꆰ쳺죽뷇ꆱ:훐맺뗄샍뚯솦쫐뎡룄룯ꆢ쫕죫럖엤뫍뺭볃퓶뎤ꆷ,ꆶ쫀뷧뺭볃ꆷ뗚6웚ꆣ췵폀쟕ꆢ헅ꆢ헂풪ꆢ돂ꆢ슽쏺(2007):ꆶ훐맺뗄듳맺랢햹뗀슷ꆪꆪꆪ싛럖좨룄룯뗄뗃쪧ꆷ,ꆶ뺭볃퇐뺿ꆷ뗚1웚ꆣ탬욽짺(2006):ꆶ뻓쏱쪵볊뿉횧엤쫕죫햼GDP뇈훘뫎틔돶쿖돖탸쿂붵ꆷ,ꆶ짏몣횤좯놨ꆷ8퓂14죕ꆣ헅뻼ꆢ훜샨낲(2008):ꆶ캪퓶뎤뛸뺺헹ꆷ,짏몣죋쏱돶냦짧ꆣAcemoglu,D.ꆰLabor-andCapital-AugmentingTechnicalChange.ꆱ,2000.ꆪꆪꆪ.ꆰDirectedTechnicalChange.ꆱReviewofEconomicStudies,2002,69(4),-809.ꆪꆪꆪ.ꆰPatternsofSkillPremia.ꆱReviewofEconomicStudies,2003,70(2),,,V.ꆰCapitalDeepeningandNon-balancedEconomicGrowth.ꆱ,,J.ꆰSolvingChinaꆯsRebalancingPuzzle.ꆱFinanceandDevelopment,September2007,44(3).Askenazy,P.ꆰTrade,Services,andWageInequality.ꆱOxfordEconomicPapers,2005,57(4),,.ꆰTheEffectsofTradeandForeignDirectInvestmentonEmploymentandRelativeWages.ꆱ,,,.ꆰ:TheRoleofTrade,TechnologyandFactorEndowments.ꆱReviewofEco2nomicsandStatistics,2000,82(4),,-Paul,G.ꆰExplainingMovementsinLaborShare.ꆱContributionstoMacroeconomics,2003,3(1).Bernanke,,.ꆰIsGrowthExogenous?TakingMankiw,RomerandWeilSeriously.ꆱ,,O.ꆰTheMediumRun.ꆱBrookingsPapersonEconomicActivity,1997(2),,-Penalosa,C.ꆰThePersonalandtheFactorDistributionsofIncomeinaCross-SectionofCountries.ꆱJournalofDe2쫀뷧뺭볃3ꆡ2008쓪뗚11웚ꆡꆤ95ꆤ
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