清洁发展机制进展
Updated CDM Progress
吕学都 Lu Xuedu
中国科学技术部
Ministry of Science and Technology of China
February 17-18, 2004
中国 北京
Beijing, China
内容大纲 Outline
一、概 念 Concept
二、CDM 谈判进展 CDM Negotiation Progress
三、 EB新进展 EB Progress
四、 世界CDM情况 CDM in the world
概 念 Concept
清洁发展机制(CDM)系 京都议定书第12条确立的机制, 核心内涵是:发达国家通过提供资金和技术的方式,与发展中国家合作,在发展中国家实施具有温室气体减排效果的项目,项目所产生的温室气体减排量作为发达国家履行京都议定书所规定的一部分义务。
CDM is defined by the Article 12 of KP, and its key point is such: a developed country, by providing technologies and financial resources, cooperates with a developing country to implement a project with GHG emission reduction benefits in the developing country, and the GHG emission reductions by the project could be used by the developed country to meet part of its commitment under the KP
CDM项目分为四大类:Four types of CDM projects
一般CDM项目:涉及能源、N2O、HFC等的项目
General CDM project: Projects related to energy, N2O、and HFC
一般小项目:Small Scale Project
碳汇项目:指造林和再造林 Sink Project: AR
小型碳汇项目 Small Scale AR Project
概念 Concept
一般小项目:又分为三小项:Small Scale Project
可再生能源项目:最大装机容量万千瓦
RE: Max. Output up to 15 Mg. W
提高能效项目:每年最多节能相当于1500万千瓦时
EE: Energy Conservation up to: 15 ggWh.
其他项目:温室气体直接排放量每年少于万吨
Others: Emission less than 15 Kilo Tones CO2
概念 Concept
一般CDM的基本规则已经达成,可以开始实施
Modalities and procedures for general CDM projects are in place, and can be applied
小项目: 经COP-8批准,已经允许采用简化的模式和程序:
Small Scale project: can apply for simplified rules adopted at Cop-8
碳汇CDM:2003年12月COP-9上完成
Sink Project: Rules adopted at COP-9 in December 2003
小型碳汇CDM:预计2004年12月COP-10上完成
Small Scale Sink Project: Rules may be adopted at COP-10 in 2004
概念 Concept
概念 Concept
CDM项目文件应提供的信息:Info in PDD
项目一般描述 General Description
项目基准线 Project Baseline
选择的CDM寿期 Project Crediting Period
监测方案 Monitoring Plan
减排量计算 CERs Calculation
环境影响 Environment Impact Assessment
公众意见 Public comments
附件 Annexes
主要要求: Main Requirements:
环境效益:项目必须带来温室气体减排
Project should bring about GHG emission reduction benefits
项目资金:项目应带来资金投入(额外于ODA)
Project should bring financial resources (Additional to ODA)
技术转让:项目应带来技术转让
Project should lead to technology transfer
概念 Concept
2003年12月在COP-9上完成了碳汇CDM规则谈判
At COP-9 in December 2003, Rules for Sink CDM Project was adopted.
CDM 谈判进展
CDM Negotiation Progress
规则对森林、造林、再造林、非持久性、碳计量期 、小型碳汇项目等做了专门定义。
The Rules set the specific definitions on forest, afforestation, reforestation, non-permanence, carbon crediting period, and small scale A&R CDM project.
CDM 谈判进展
CDM Negotiation Progress
COP-9决定,同意将马拉喀什协定通过后及第一个CDM项目注册前已经实施的项目,如果满足CDM规则的要求,最早可以从2000年1月1日起计算减排量。
COP-9 recognize that those qualified CDM projects starting between the adoption of Marrakech Accord and the registration of the first CDM project, can get CERS from its start.
CDM 谈判进展
CDM Negotiation Progress
COP-9还决定,在2004年COP -10上完成小型碳汇CDM规则谈判
COP-9 decides that Rules for small Scale Sink CDM Project shall be adopted at COP-10 in year 2004.
CDM 谈判进展
CDM Negotiation Progress
EB新进展 EB New Progress
CDM执行理事会已经批准9个方法学:
AM0001 Incineration of HFC 23 Waste Streams
AM0002 Greenhouse Gas Emission Reductions through Landfill Gas Capture and Flaring where the Baseline is established by a Public Concession Contract
EB新进展 EB New Progress
CDM执行理事会已经批准9个方法学:
AM0003 Simplified financial analysis for landfill gas capture projects
AM0004 Grid-connected biomass power generation that avoids uncontrolled burning of biomass
实施CDM项目的技术难点:建立项目基准线。这需要专门的知识,是全球性难题。
The most difficult issue for CDM project implementation is the establishment of project emission baseline, which will require the full understanding on notion and rationale of CDM.
EB新进展 EB New Progress
CDM EB第10次会议提供了关于如何表明一个项目不是基准项目、而是CDM项目的方法学指南。
CDM EB provides clarifications on how to demonstrate a project is additional and therefore not the baseline scenario, through the methodology.
最新进展 Updated Progress
EB新进展 EB New Progress
CDM执理会给出了如何确定“额外性”的方法指南示例:
1. “问题”流程图,得出基准线应是什么样的项目
A flow-chart or series of questions that lead to a narrowing of potential baseline options
2. 通过定性或定量分析各种潜在选择,得出最可能发生的项目选择-基准线项目
A qualitative or quantitative assessment of different potential options and an indication of why the non-project option is more likely
EB新进展 EB New Progress
3. 定性或定量分析项目所面临的障碍
A qualitative or quantitative assessment of one or more barriers facing the proposed project activity (like small-scale list)
4. 表明在当地该类项目并不常做,政府也无此规章
An indication that the project type is not common practice (., occurs in less than x% of similar cases) in the proposed area of implementation, and not required by a Party’s legislation/regulations.
EB新进展 EB New Progress
CDM执理会已经受理19个机构申请作为OE,其中有两个机构来自非附件一国家。15个机构已经获得向执理会提交新方法学的资格。
19 applications have been received to date, 2 of them from applicants in non-Annex I Parties (Republic of Korea and Malaysia); 15 applications can submit new methodologies to EB for approval.
EB新进展 EB New Progress
4个机构已经得到“预许可证”。
EB agreed for CDM-AP to issue Indicative Letter to 4 applicant entities:
(1) Japan Quality Assurance Organization,
(2) Det Norske Veritas Certication Ltd.,
(3) TUV Suddeutschland Bau und Betrieb GmbH, and
(4) Tohmatsu Evaluation and Certification Organization.
世界CDM情况
CDM in the world
53个国家已经向 气候公约秘书处报告其实施CDM的批准机关。其中,发展中国家45个,发达国家8个,他们是:
Austria, Denmark, European Community, Germany, Italy, Japan, Netherlands and Switzerland
世界CDM情况
CDM in the world
GEF:CDM能力建设
GEF: CDM Capacity building activities
UNDP:援助发展中国家提高CDM执行能力
UNDP: CDM Capacity building activities
世界CDM情况
CDM in the world
世界银行:推出NSS、PCF、BCF、CDCF等
World Bank: NSS, PCF, BCF and CDCF
亚行:援助CDM研究、建立CDM推进机构
ADB: CDM Facility
世界CDM情况
CDM in the world
意大利:建立CDM基金及托管基金
Italy: CDM Fund and Trust Fund in World Bank
荷兰:建立了“CERUPT”计划,选定了18个项目
The Netherlands: CERUPT program supported 18 projects
德国:德国开发银行(KfW)建立CDM基金;
Germany : Kfw sets CDM Fund
世界CDM情况
CDM in the world
欧盟: 欧盟排放贸易将于2005年与CDM挂钩
EU: Emission Trading Scheme will link CDM in 2005
加拿大:建立了气候变化专门基金
Canada: Climate Change Fund
日本:官民都在调查
Japan: Investigations by official or non-official activities.
联系信息
Contact Information
吕学都
清洁发展机制执行理事会候补委员
中国科学技术部 资源与环境处
北京市复兴路乙15号, 100862
电话: 6851-4054, 传真 :6851-2163
电子邮件:lvxd@
LU Xuedu
Alternate Member of CDM Executive Board to Kyoto Protocol
Division of Resources and Environment
Ministry of Science and Technology of China
15 B Fuxing Road, Beijing, 100862, China
TEL:86-10-5888-1436, FAX :86-10-5888-1441
Email: lvxd@
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