（冶金行业）MM语法(重点
难点用红色标明)
M7M8 语法（重点难点用红色标明）
常用介词辨析：
表示空间关系的介词
on/over/above
onthetable（接触）
overtheriver（正上方不接触）
abovethehorizon(不壹定正上方且不接触)
abovesealevel（可指温度或刻度）
in/inside/among
in/insidetheroom
ahouseamongthetrees
*Ofthosestudents,twoareadopted.(数量概念“。。。中”)
beside/nearto
Hesitsbesidethefire.
Sitnearer(to)thefire!
under/below
Thebookyouarelookingforisrightunderyournose.(正下方,和 over相反)
Ilivebelowthemountain.(不壹定正下方，和 above相反)
belowsealevel（可指温度或刻度）
awayfrom/off
Ifellofftheladder.
There’sabathroomoffthemainroom.
Keepoff/awayfromthegrass!
Helives1000metersawayfromschool.
infrontof/inthefrontof
Infrontofmyhomerunsasmallriver.
Don’tsitinthefrontofthecar.
over/opposite/across/through/past
walkoverthestreet/climboverthemountain
walkacross/overthestreet(穿过某壹平面)
There’sabankacrossthestreet.（在。。。的对面）
walkthroughthegate/thecrowd
walkpastashop
oppositetheshop
表示时间的介词
in/after
We’llmeetagainintwoweeks.
WestartedoutfortheUSAonJulythefirstandafter20houses,wearrivedatLAAirp
ort.
Aftergraduation,I’llfindajobtomakemoney.（能够跟时间点）
Since/For
I’vebeenlearningEnglishfor20years.
It’s20yearssinceIstartedlearningEnglish.
By/Before/until
I’llbebackbefore6:..
Supperwillbereadyby6:..
Theyhavefinished10projectsbytheendoftheterm.
I’llworkhereuntil6:..
Theworkwon’tbefinishedby/untiltomorrow.（终止性动词的否定式里 by/until
都能够用）
in/within/between/during
Manytrafficaccidentshappenedwithin/duringthepastweek.（在某段时间范围
内）
Ican'ttellyouatthemoment,butI’llletyouknowinafewdays.（在若干时间后）
Icantypemorethan100Chinesecharactersinoneminute.(在若干时间里做成了某
事)
I’mbusybetween9::.
Pleaseremainseatedduringtheperformance.
（atsomepointinaperiodoftime）duringmystay
其他
but/except/exceptfor/besides/
Childrenwouldprefertodoeverything,exceptwhattheirparentsaskthemto.(表
示排除)
Thebusisemptyexceptfortwopassengers.（要不是因为）
Butforyouradvice,Iwouldhavefailed.（虚拟，要不是因为）
Besidesreading,Ilovelisteningtomusic.（包括。。。在内仍）
Nobody but/except Johnknowsthecitywell.(只有)
表示数量关系变化的介词
Thenumberofcarsthatwererecalledhasrisento8,000,000.
Thepriceofnewapartmentsthisyearhasrisenby$100.(相差)
其他常见短语性动词
.
.
,allofusshouldsticktoit.
.
.
.
.
.
.
10. Wemustcatchupwiththem.
’sfaceuptothesituation.
12. Dotheseplansfitinwithyourarrangements?
13. Let’sgetdowntoourbusiness.
14. Ican’tputupwithhimanylonger.
15. .
16. Pricesofvegetableshavegoneuprecently.
有关否定
全部否定
1. Wediscusseditallmorningbutgotnowhere.(没有进展)
2. Neverevertellanyoneyourpassword.永远不要
部分否定
3. Allthatglittersisnotgold。不是所有
否定转移
4. Itdoesn’tsoundasifthepoorgirlknowswhathashappenedtoherintheac
cident.听起来
if句式
5. Iwonderwhether/ifIshouldn’t/shouldbringinumbrella.
6. Iwouldn’tbesurprised,iftheymoved/didn’tmovesoon.
双重否定
7. It’snotunlikelythathewillstayathomeonSunday.
8. Youcan’tmakesomethingoutofnothing.
形式肯定，意义否定
9. Thebeautyismorethanwordscandescribe.(无法用语言表达)
10. ThisismorethanIcantell.（无法区分）
11. Heismorebravethanwise.只是勇敢且不明智
12. I’lldoanythingbutthat.绝不做。。。
13. Thehotelisanythingbutsafe.(definitelynot)绝不安全
14. Heisthelastmanformetoinvitetovisitmyschool.（绝不找某人）
15. Theclassicsarefarfromdisappearing.（远非，壹点都不会）
16. Thiskindoffastfoodissaidtobefreefrom/ofartificialcolorsandflav
orings.（没有 withoutsthharmful）
17. Sheistoocold-bloodedtobeaGoodwillAmbassador.(太。。。而不)
几乎否定（hardly,barely,rarely,scarcely,little,seldom,few…）
18. Hehasfew,ifany,misspellings.
19. Herarely,ifever,travelstothecountry.
20. Richasthebossis,hehardlyknowshowtowritehisownname.
21. Sheseldomhasakindwordtosay.
形式否定，意义肯定
22. Astudentcan’tbetoodiligent.（在。。。也不为过）
23. Pipcan’twaittostarthisnewlife.（迫不及待）
24. Asoftenasnot/Moreoftenthannot,he’slateforwork.（像往常壹样）
25. Nothingbutamiraclecansavehernow.(only)
26. Hecouldn’tfeelbetter.（感觉最好）
27. Nothingismorevaluablethanhealth.(最重要)
28. no+形容词比较级+than:as形容词的反义词 as
29. Heisnotalittleangry.(very)
30. Heisnot a bitangry.(notatall)
31. NodoubtalotofChinesewillnever/nolongerseeherfilmsorbuyproducts
representedbyher.
倒装
32. NeverhaveIseen（see）thecouplequarrellingsinceIlivedthere.
33. Notonlydidheread(read)thebook,butalsoherememberedwhathehadrea
d.
34. Notuntilhereached(reach)schooldidherealize(realize)thathewasla
te.
35. Seldomdoeshissisterhave(have)akindwordtosay.
36. Nosoonerhadthethiefseen(see)thepolicemanthanheranaway.
37. Hardlyhadthethiefseen(see)thepolicemanwhenheranaway.
38. Under/Innocircumstancesshouldyoulend(shouldlend)Paulanymoney.
39. Onnoaccountshouldthehousebeleftunlocked.绝不
40. Bynomeansissheaninexperiencedteacher.
关于省略(红色是重点/黄色光标常省略)
1. 冠词
MikewaselectedasPresidentfinally.
Childasheis,heknowshowtoweighuptheprosandcons.
Theyarethegardenerandthegatekeeper.
2. 介词
Any,each,every,next,last,some,all,this,that,one等开头的表示时间的
名词短语中。（nextweek）
Today,tomorrow,yesterday,yesterdayafternoon/evening/morning,Saturd
ay等前面.(Sundayevening)
在 表 示 壹 段 时 间 的 名 词 短 语 中 for壹 般 能 够 省 略 。
（Thefireslastedmanyhours.）
在否定句或句首不可省：
Ihaven’theardfromhimforalongtime.
Forawholeyear,Iwashelpingmydadonthefarm.
Of在和 age,size,colour,height,shape等名词连用时，常省略
Theyhaveadaughter(of)myage.
Thetwopairsofshoesare(of)thesamesize.
At(the)age(of)14,Ibecame…
Ihavenoidea(of)howgratefulIamfor…
Ilivenear(to)TaihuLake.
Willyousitopposite(to)meandhaveafriendlytalk?
Followme(in)thisway,please
Let’scook(in)theAmericanstyle.
Shallwemeet(at)about9oclocktomorrowmorning?
Havedifficulty/trouble(in)doing
Spend/waste…(in)doing
It’snouse/good(in)doing
Stop/prevent…(from)doing
Endup…(by)doing
What’sthegood(of)doing
Taketurns(at)doing
Bebusy(in)doing
Haveagood/pleasant/hardtime(in)doing
3. 连词
Sheisnotonly/merelykind,butsheis(also)honest.
Whetherhe’llattendthemeeting(ornot)isnotknown.
Hespokeinaloudvoiceso(that)weheardhimclearly.
Now(that)youareallready,let’sgetstarted.
4. 句子成分
主语：
(You）Comeinandsitdown,please.
(It)Lookslikerain.
Inandaroundthecity(there)arelotsofroses.
谓语或谓语部分:
Onlyoneofuswasinjured,andhe(was)justslightly.
We’lldothebestwecan(do).
---Wasitcompleted?
---Yes,itwas(completed).
表语：
Thisproblemisthemostdifficult(problem)tosolve.
某些动词的宾语：
Ipaid(Peter)themoney.
IpaidPeter(themoney).
Shewashed(theshirt),ironed(theshirt),andfoldedtheshirt.
5. 主语+be
Though(hewas)tired,hedidn’tstopatall.
When(hewas)rescued,hewasalmostdead.
6. 从句
Youwoulddothesame(ifyouwereinmyposition.)
Youhavedonebetterthistime(thanyoudidbefore.)
---Whereismycat?
---HowshouldIknow?(whereyourcatis.)
7. 整句
---Areyouallright?
---Yes.(I’mallright.)
---Areyoucoming?
---No.(I’mnotcoming.)
8. 习惯
Possible/necessary和 if,when,where,whenever,wherever连 用 （ if
（itis）possible）
As…aspossible
Ifonly后常加壹个虚拟句，表示“要是。。。就好了”
Ifonlyyouhadcometotheget-together.
Whatif/though句式表示“要是/即使。。。怎么办/怎么样”
Whatifitrains?
Whatthoughyoufail?
What/Howabout用来提出建议或征求对方意见
Ican’?
Why/Whynot(提供建议)
It’?
Whynotcomein?
关于倒装
不倒装：主谓
倒装：谓语在主语前
倒装的形式：全部倒装；部分倒装
全部倒装：整个谓语在主语前(upflewtheball)
1） Therearemanykidsplayingbasketballonthecourt.
2） 表 示 方 向 ， 地 点 ， 和 时 间 的 词
here,there,in,out,down,up,off,back,away,overthere,now,then,firs
t等放于句首，若主语是名词而不是代词时，则倒装。
Herecomesthebus!Hereyouare!
Thenbeganthelongten-limarchintoBeijing.
Nowcomesyourturn.
3） 表示地点，时间的介词短语放在句首，主语较长又无宾语时，壹般要倒装。
Throughthewindowcameinthesweetmusic.
Aftertheheadwalkedagroupofworkers.
4） Sucharetheresults.
SuchwasAlbertEinstein,asimplebutgreatscientist.
5)主语太长
Presentatthepartywerea group of young people who called themselves
pioneers of modern art.
部分倒装：谓语的部分（助动词，情态动词，系动词 be）放于主语前
(Neverhadtheballflownthathigh.///did主+动词原形.)
1) 否 定 词 或 带 有 否 定 意 义 的 表 达 置 于 句 首 时 。
Not,little,few,hardly,never,rarely,seldom,nowhere,nosooner…than..,h
ardly…when…,notonly…butalso,notonly…but…aswell,neither…nor…,a
tnotime,bynomeans,undernocondition/circumstances,innocase,onnoacco
unt,nolonger/more
Nolongerisitnecessaryto…
NeverhaveIfoundhiminsuchagoodmood.
NeitheramIimpressedbythepaintingsnordoIlikethem.
Notuntilwesawmanydeadfishintheriverdidwerealizehowseriousthepollution
is.
Wedidn’trealize….untilwesaw…
Nosooner…than…
Bynomeanswill
NeverhaveI…
HardlyhadIpickedupthephonewhenhehungup.
Nowhereelsewillyoufindher.
Sheisnowheretobefound.
Notaworddidhesayabouthisvisittotheartmuseum.
Hedidn’tmention…atall.
2) Only修饰状语放在句首时。
（修饰主语不用倒装）
Onlyyesterday,didIfindoutthat…
Onlybydoing…canwe…
Onlywhen…willI…
3) So…that…中的 so修饰形容词或副词出现于句首时，壹般倒装。
Somuchdoesheworryaboutthepositionthat…
SosmallwasthemarkthatIcouldhardlyseeit.(Themarkwassosmallthat…)(当 被
强调成分是表语时全倒)
4) 也是/也不是(do/be/情态动词)
Hehasmadeuphismindtobedevotedtostudy, andsohaveI.
Ifyoudon’t…,…;sowillI
Wedon’thavetimetodoit;no/neither do we plan to.
Heisamusicloverandsingsquitewell;so it is withMike.
××区别××---Youlikemusic.---SoIdo.(确实)不倒装
5) 虚拟条件句中，省略 if,且含有 were,had,should,could等
ShouldIbeasked,ImighttellhimallthatIknow.
HadIknownthedanger,Iwouldhavewarnedyou.
WereIinyourplace/WereIyou,Iwouldneveragree.
Haditnotbeenfor…,…
6) How和 what引导的感叹句，若主语较长时，引起倒装。
Howbeautifularehillswithcloudsagainstthem?
Howcolditishere!（不倒装）
其他：
1. 以 as,（that,though）引导的让步状语从句中，
Childasheis,hecanstandonhisownfeet.
Althoughheisachild,he…
Youngasheis,he…
TryasImight,Icouldnotbringhimround.(NomatterhowmuchImighttry,…)(回 心
转意，使苏醒)
Come what may,…(Nomatterwhatmayhappen,I’llsticktomyplanofreview.)
2. Mayallofyousucceedinthecomingexaminations!
3. 省略 whether的让步状语从句中
WhetherIsucceedorfail,itwon’tmattertome.无论。
=Succeedorfail,…
Whetheryourarefamiliarwithhimornot,youshouldgotohimformoreadvice.
=Beyoufamiliarwithhimornot,you…
WhetherIamateacherorworker,Ishouldputmyhartintomywork.
=BeIworkerorteacher,Ishould…
4. 动词-ed或-ing形式置于句首，主语是名词时
HangingonthewallareagroupofpicturesbyVanGogh.
Pastedontheseatwasanote,whichsaid“Occupied.”
Tips:
1. 句首为：整句之首或从句之首
2. 注意句子中其他动词的时态。
句子成分特殊位置
1. 宾语后置
Ishallexplain toyouthe details of the whole plan
discussedyesterdayafternoon.
Iwouldliketoshare withyouthe ideas about racial discrimination.
I’lltake withmewhatever might be needed in this trip.
2. 定语后置
3. 宾语前置(为了衔接上文，强调宾语)
.
造句：
以 as引导的让步状语从句
也是/也不是
so it is with
So…that…中的 so出现于句首
Only修饰状语放在句首时
atnotime,bynomeans,undernocondition,innocase
Not,little,few,hardly,never,rarely,seldom,nowhere,nosooner…than..,ha
rdly…when…,notonly…butalso,notonly…but…aswell
