ྏ॓࿐ࣉᅚ 2014, Vol. 22, No. 3, 474–481 Advances in Psychological Science DOI: *领导力的整合：Trickle-down模式下的领导效应 ࿏߶ङ ဗ ࣡ (ᇏݓ࠹ਈ࿐ჽࣜܵ࿐ჽ, ݳᇜ 310018) ᅋ ေ Trickle-down模式正逐渐成为领导效应研究的新范式。它阐释了组织中较高层次领导的行为或其认知如何沿着组织的垂直管理层次自上而下层层滴漏。该模式通过对领导行为联动效应和多层配对的剖析, 弥补了传统研究聚焦于单一层次领导研究的不足。系统梳理trickle-down模式下的领导效应之涵义特征、理论基础、效能机制, 并深入探讨已有研究的欠缺, 对于实现领导力的整合、拓展本土化的领导行为研究具有重要意义。 ܱՍ Trickle-down模式; 领导效应; 跨层次; 系统 ٳোݼ B849:C93 ᄝቆᆮྛູ࿐ਵთ, ਵི֝ႋ࣮൞၂۱Пಪ്ۚҪਵ֝aᇏҪਵ֝aࠎҪਵ֝აჴ۽ᆭࡗ൳ܱᇿ֥ಣׄ໙ี(Hiller, DeChurch, Murase, & ᆃᇕሱഈط༯֥႕ཙܱ༢, Ҍିሙಒa༢ֹࢣDoty, 2011)bႮၛສ໓ངॖᆩ, ࿐ᆀૌᇶေခ่ൕቆᆮᇏ֥ਵི֝ႋb၌ݭ֥൞, ၘႵ࣮؟ऊ҂֥ਫ਼ཌᅚषؓਵི֝ႋ֥ฐษğ၂ᇕ൞ՖਵࢊႿֆ၂֥ਵ֝-༯උܱؓ༢, ޭਔቆᆮᇏ۲֝ᆀ࢘؇ԛؿ, ೂຶಡэ۪ਵ֝aࢌၞਵ֝ҪՑਵ֥֝ᆜކིႋbTrickle-downଆൔູҀᆃބ൱ಃਵ֝֩ਵ֝หᇉ֥࣮(DeRue, ၂ఴಌิ܂ਔྍ֥නਫ਼(Wayne, Hoobler, Nahrgang, Wellman, & Humphrey, 2011); ၂ᇕ൞Marinova, & Johnson, 2008)bԮ֥ਵ֝৯࣮Ֆ༯උ࢘؇ԛؿ, ೂᆌؓ༯උಪᆩaࠏࠣྛູཌྷб, ھ࣮ଆൔ࿖KottkeބSharaflnski (1988)֥࣮(Eisenberger, Stinglhamber, Vandenberghe, ิӐ֥ሱഈط༯࣮ਵ֝ა༯උܱ༢֥නམ, ࡼSucharski, & Rhoades, 2002); ߎႵ၂ᇕ൞Ֆਵ֝-ਵི֝ႋခሢቆᆮҪՑሱഈط༯ҪҪࣉ, ๙ݖ༯උ֥ܱ༢࢘؇ԛؿ, ೂनޙਵ֝ଆൔ(ALS)aਵࡼਵ֝ᆀ࢘؇ა༯උ࢘؇ࢲކఏট, ൌགྷؓਵ֝֝-༯උ֥Լᆰܱؓ༢(VDL)ࠣਵ֝-༯උࢌߐིႋݖӱ֥ಆࣟᅚൕbၹఃؓਵ֝ྛູ৳ིႋ ܱ༢(LMX)(Graen & Uhl-Bien, 1995; Schriesheim, ބ༢ིݔ֥௩༅, trickle-downଆൔᆞᇯࡶӮູCastro, & Cogliser, 1999)֩b ୍࣍টਵི֝ႋ࣮֥ྍٓൔbЧ໓ؓtrickle- ෛሢ࣮֥ധೆ, ቆᆮଽ҂ҪՑਵ֥֝ᆜdownଆൔ༯֥ਵི֝ႋ࣮ࣉྛਔ߭ܤ, ᄝ൸ކིႋᇯࡶႄఏ࿐ඌࢸ֥ܱᇿ, ఃᇏࢠׅ֥൞, ఃݤၬหᆘaંࠎԤބིିࠏᇅ֥ࠎԤഈ, ᆷ҂ҪՑ֥ਵ֝ᆀᆭࡗթᄝૡ్֥aሱഈط༯֥ԛཌྷܱ࣮֥҂ቀބໃটؿᅚ൝, ၛ௹ູު࿃႕ཙb္ࠧ൞ඪ, ਵ֝ؓ༯උ֥႕ཙ൞၂۱Ⴎቆ࣮ิ܂ંࢹb ᆮۚҪਵ֝षᇯҪཟ༯֥֯ݖӱbᆺႵധೆ1 Trickle-down模式下领导效应研究的涵义和特征 ൬۠ರ௹:2013-07-29 Trickle-down模式的涵义 * ݓࡅሱಖ॓࿐ࠎࣁ(71102154)a࢝ტ҆ౝ୍ࠎࣁTrickle-downଆൔ(Trickle-down Model, ֯(12YJC630256)aᆄࡾസሱಖ॓࿐ࠎࣁ(LQ12G02013, ଆൔ, Ⴛӫᛖ֯ଆൔaറଆൔ, ႮႿᇏ໓ၲ໓҂LQ13G020006)aᆄࡾസѓሙ߄აᆩ്Ӂಃܵದ໓၂, ၛ༯नႨ“trickle-downଆൔ”սู)টჷႿഠ॓ᇗ࣮ׄࠎֹज़ี(SIPM3217)ሧᇹb ๙ቔᆀ:࿏߶ङ, E-mail: hjxuer@ trickle-downંbᆃ၂ંྖఏႿഈൗࡀ70୍474
ֻ3௹ ࿏߶ङ֩: ਵ֝৯֥ᆜކğTrickle-downଆൔ༯֥ਵི֝ႋ 475 ս֥ࣜ࠶࿐ࢸ, ӂਔଖᇕุᇅᇏ۳ჍഈҪದֹࣉྛ౺৯ٳ༅bՎຓ, ႮႿടࠣ؟ҪՑ۱ุ֥০ၭೂޅᇯҪԮ־۳ࢠ֮ࢨҪ֥ದ(Grant, ֥ಪᆩބྛູ, ູਔิ࣮֥ۚ॓࿐ྟ, ࿐ᆀૌ1972)bᄝՎࠎԤഈ, ୍࣍টܵ࿐ࢸ֥࣮ᆀࡼ၂ϮҐႨ؟টჷ֥ඔऌ, ၇ऌ࣮ؓའ֥หׄ, ఃຉᅚᇀਵ֝ྛູ࿐ਵთ, ѩႨtrickle-downଆൔဢЧҐࠢ߶ടࠣਆ۱ࠇ۷؟ҪՑ, ॖିЇওۚҪটඪૼਵ֝ྛູࠇఃಪᆩႮഈط༯ᇯҪঔބ֯ਵ֝aᇏҪਵ֝aࠎҪਵ֝aჴ۽മᇀܤग़, ဢ֥ݖӱ(Wayne et al., 2008)b၇ᅶھଆൔ, ቆᆮЧҐ֥ࠢ؇ཌྷؓࢠնb ֥ᆞൔಃ৯֩ࠩथקਔਵ֥֝႕ཙ৯߶Ⴎഈط༯ Trickle-down模式下的领导效应研究与相关֯, ѩᆃᇕ႕ཙ൞οቆᆮᆞൔࢲܒᇏ֥Լᆰ研究框架的区别 ܵҪՑሱഈط༯ඨӁള֥(Aryee, Chen, Sun, 与CAS (复杂系统)视角下的领导效应研究& Debrah, 2007)bࠧؓ၂Ϯჴ۽ط, ఃྛູࠇಪ之区别 ᆩॖି൳ᆰࢤਵ֥֝႕ཙ, ္ॖି൳ۚҪࠇᇏҪCAS൪࢘༯֥ਵི֝ႋ࣮ಪູቆᆮ൞၂۱ਵ֥֝႕ཙ-ᆃᇕ႕ཙ൞ႮۚҪਵ֝Ԯ־۳ᇏҪگᄖ༢, ਵ֝৯ѩ٤টሱႿଖᇕܥקᆯ໊ࠇمਵ֝, ࣉطԮ־۳ࠎҪਵ֝, ቋުؓఃӁളቔႨקಃຯ, ط൞ჷሱቆᆮӮჴ֥ᆭᇏ(Uhl-Bien, ֥bTrickle-downଆൔ༯֥ਵི֝ႋູ࣮ૌധMarion, & McKelvey, 2007), ਵ֝ᆀᆺႵაቆᆮೆ௩༅҂ҪՑਵ֝აჴ۽֥ܱ༢षтਔྍӮჴࠒࠞѩ՜ࣉӮჴࡗ֥, Ҍିԉٳؿ֥൪࢘b ߨਵི֝ႋbაCAS൪࢘༯ਵི֝ႋ࣮ཌྷර, Trickle-down模式下的领导效应研究之特征 trickle-downଆൔ༯֥ਵི֝ႋ఼္࣮טቆᆮหᆘ၂ğ؟ҪՑބళೆྟ ༢֥گᄖྟބቆᆮӮჴ֥ྟ, ᇶေฐაၛສ࣮ཌྷб, trickle-downଆൔ༯֥ਵ֝ษ҂ਵ֝ҪՑᆭࡗ֥(Mayer et al., 2009)b ིႋ࣮ᇶေႵၛ༯҂(Schaubroeck et al., Վຓ, CAS൪࢘༯֥ਵ఼࣮֝טჴ۽ေ2012)ğֻ၂, ਔԮ֥ਵ֝-༯උֆ֥ؓᄝਵ֝ݖӱᇏ֥ᇶྟቔႨ, ಪູჴ۽֥൞࣮ଆൔ, ሢငႿॉҳ҂ҪՑਵ֝-༯උ֥؟ቆቆᆮิശൡႋି৯֥ჷಅ(Uhl-Bien et al., 2007)bܱؓ༢bTrickle-downଆൔ༯֥ਵི֝ႋ఼࣮טਵ֝৯ႤགྷႿᆭᇏ, ๙ݖԷᄯ౦aᇅקܿ҂ҪՑਵ֝ᆭࡗሱഈط༯֥, Ⴍః൞ۚҪᄵaิ܂ሧჷটܝৣބϺᇹჴ۽აߌ, ਵਵ֝ؓᆰࢤ༯උ֥ᆰࢤ႕ཙࠣؓࡗࢤ༯උ֥ࡗࢤ֝৯֥ࠒࠞቔႨٚཟॖၛ൞ሱഈط༯, ္ॖၛ൞႕ཙbఃൌᇉุགྷਔቆᆮਵ֥֝ᆜކ৯, ऎุіሱ༯طഈ֥bཌྷࢠط, trickle-downଆൔ༯֥ਵགྷູ֥aሱഈط༯֥ቔႨݖӱbֻؽ, Ֆི֝ႋ࣮Ⴕࠒིࠞႋބཨིࠞႋਆᇕ, Ϝჴ࣮ਵ֥֝ֆ၂࢘֞ധೆฐษଖུҪՑਵ֝ሱദ۽ुӮФൡႋ֥۱ุ, ၛਵ֝ᆀູᇏྏ, ᆺቔູ༯උ֥ྛູބಪᆩིႋbMayer, Kuenzi, ܱᇿሱഈط༯֥႕ཙ৯b Greenbaum, BardesބSalvador (2009)ᆷԛ, ళೆ 与HLM多层分析的区别 ᄝቆᆮᇏଖུҪՑ֥ਵ֝ᆀ(ೂᇏҪਵ֝ބᇶܵ)Trickle-downଆൔ༯֥ਵི֝ႋ఼࣮טቆൈऎႵਵ֝ބ༯උ֥චᇗ࢘, ࡼਵ֝ᆀ֥ᆃᆮଽ҆҂ҪՑေ֥ླྀቔႨ, ุགྷਔਵ֝ਆᇕ࢘ࢲކఏট࣮, ႵᇹႿປᆜaౢ༉ֹᅚሱഈط༯֥႕ཙݖӱ, क़ڛਔֆ၂ҪՑ࣮֥अൕ҂ҪՑਵ֝ᄝቆᆮᇏི֥ႋࠏb ཋbၹՎ, trickle-downଆൔ༯֥ਵི֝ႋ࣮ൌหᆘؽğᄎႨ؟ᇕটჷ֥ඔऌ, ᇶေҐႨ࠽ഈඋႿॴҪՑ࣮, ॖҐႨHLM؟Ҫٳ༅HLM؟Ҫٳ༅ࠇࢲܒٚӱଆٚم (Shanock & Eisenberger, 2006)b ႮႿtrickle-downଆൔ༯֥ਵི֝ႋ࣮Їᆃ၂ଆൔა၂Ϯ֥HLM؟Ҫٳ༅ཌྷбऎݣ؟ҪՑэਈၛࠣॴҪՑ႕ཙܱ༢, ᆃো࣮नหğֻ၂, ࣮ҧᇗׄ҂bTrickle-downଆൔඋႿॴҪՑ࣮(Shanock & Eisenberger, 2006)bࠎ༯֥ਵི֝ႋсྶႵ၂۱ᇏࢺҪ, ࠇฐษۚҪ-ᇏႿ࣮ഡ࠹, ᆃ၂ଆൔ༯֥࣮ٳ༅ٚم؟ҐႨҪ-ࠎҪਵ֝-ჴ۽֥ྛູ֯; ࠇҧᇗఃᇏ֥ଖHLM؟Ҫٳ༅ࠇࢲܒٚӱଆbఃᇏ, భᆀࢠൡ۱ҪՑᆭࡗܱ༢֥௩༅bᆃ۱ᇏࢺҪఏ֞ూਃႨႿళสބٳҪ֥ඔऌ; طުᆀ֥Ⴊ൝ᄝႿ๙ݖቔႨ, ൞ਵ֝৯ؿߨቔႨ֥ᇏࡗ๙֡bطؓ၂Ϯؓ؟эਈࡗࢌܱ༢֥קਈ࣮, ৫ุa؟ҪՑ֥HLM؟Ҫٳ༅টඪ, ᇏࢺҪ҂൞сေ֥bֻؽ,
476 ྏ ॓ ࿐ ࣉ ᅚ ֻ22ज эਈ࿊ᄴ҂bܼၬ֥؟Ҫٳ༅ടࠣ؟۱ҪՑࡗູਵ֝ڛༀ; ّᆭ, ᄵ߶ᇁჴ۽ԛགྷߊྛູa֥ܱ৳ܱ༢, ᆃ၂ܱ༢ॖၛ൞၂ܒᄝቆᆮࢠཨࠞಪᆩ֩bՖഠ߶ࢌߐંु, ଖ၂ҪՑ֥ਵۚҪՑഈ֥іགྷؓࢠ֮ҪՑ֥႕ཙ(ೂؒྏ֝-༯උࢌߐܱ༢߶႕ཙ֮၂ҪՑ֥ਵ֝-༯උࢌνಆۋؓჴ۽ྏνಆۋ֥႕ཙ), ္ॖၛ൞҂ߐܱ༢, ೂAryee֩(2007)ᄝਵ֝-༯උܱ༢֥ܒᄝ҂ҪՑࡗႮഈط༯֥႕ཙܱ༢(ೂэ۪࣮ᇏ, ࣼᄎႨഠ߶ࢌߐંটඪૼᇏҪਵ֝ೂޅਵ֝ؓჴ۽Էᄯ৯֥႕ཙ); ؟Ҫིႋॖၛ൞ט๙ݖؓ༯උ֥ࠒّࠞঌট߭Бఃაഈ֥ࠩࠒܱࠞࢫིႋ༢; Mayer֩(2009)္๙ݖഠ߶ࢌߐંᆣൌਔۚ, ္ॖၛ൞ᇶིႋbطtrickle-downଆൔ༯֥ਵི֝ႋ࣮֥ܵਵ֝๙ݖ႕ཙᇶ֥ܵਵ֝, ࣉ, ऊࢊႿ၂ܒᄝ҂ҪՑࡗ֥ඨՑܱ֯༢, ᄝ֯ݖӱᇏ, ༯උ߶ӁളაطቔႨႿჴ۽֥ྛູіགྷb ഈࠩਵ֝ཌྷර֥ྛູބಪᆩ, ೂྛູ֥֯ 信息处理理论 aྏఔჿິМۋᆩ֥֯֩; Վຓ, ᆃ၂ଆൔྐ༏ԩંಪູ, ۱ุၛՖߌᇏࠆ౼֥؟఼ט҂ҪՑਵ֝৯ᆭࡗ֥ᇶིႋbཌྷܱྐ༏ູ၇ऌ, Ӂളഠ߶ᆩतa؎ބ, ᆃ ൞۱ุጫቆᆮߌ֥ᇶေٚൔ(Salancik & 2 Trickle-down模式下领导效应研究之Pfeffer, 1978)bྐ༏ԩં఼ט۱ุᄝؓՏࠗቓ理论基础 ԛّႋൈఏሢᇶaࠒ֥ࠞቔႨ, ط҂൞ФቔሔිၘႵ֥࣮ؿགྷႨbTrickle-downଆൔ༯֥ਵི֝ႋ֥ؿߨ൞ࠎႿ, trickle-downଆൔ༯֥ਵི֝ႋ࣮ᇶေࠎႿğഠ߶࿐༝ંaഠ߶ࢌ༯උؓਵ֝ྛູ֥ಪᆩބਵ֝෮Ԯ־ྐ༏֥ԩ, ߐંaྐ༏ԩંބ࢘ഡקંb༯උؓਵ֝ࠒ֥ࠞྛູ֥ᆞಒጫ, ൞ਵི֝ႋ ᆇᆞᄝ༯උҪ૫ؿߨቔႨ֥ᇗေ่ࡱbೂ 社会学习理论 ഠ߶࿐༝ંಪູਵི֥֝ႋᇶေ๙ݖਆᇕ֩(2007)ၛᇏݓྐఒြᇏ֥47ᇶܵބ178ࣥൌགྷჴ۽ູဢЧ, ӂਔቆᆮೂޅ႕ཙᇶ֥ܵ܄(Bandura,1977)ğ၂൞ਵ֝ࠎႿሱദ֥࢘ܿٓބಃຯྟۋᆩ, ࣉط֯۳༯උ֥܄ۋၛࠣቔႨ, ູ༯උඎ৫ϼဢ, ༯උ๙ݖᄝರӈ۽ቔᇏܴҳѩིٟਵ֥֝ྛູ, ൌགྷؓਵ֝Ⴟ༯උ֥Ӂԛb ࠒࠞྛູބཨࠞྛູ֥گᇅ; ؽ൞ਵ֝๙ݖᇅק 角色设定理论 ބᆳྛቆᆮ֥ࢂӲծീ, ᄎႨಃ৯႕ཙބᆷ֝༯ਵ֝ᄝቆᆮᇏ֥ᆞൔಃຯ߶۳༯උิ܂ҕᅶඋղӮଢѓྟ, ࣉطؓჴ۽֥؇ބྛູӁള҂႕ཙbᇙ, ཌྷႋֹ, ༯උ๙ݖਵ֥֝ࢂـটਔࢳቆᆮܿᄵ, ࣐ਈܿхӲـࠆ౼ࢂৣ, ᆃུࣜဒ෮ᇛᆩ, ۲۱ਵ֝ҪՑ֥ಃ৯ބ࢘ྛູႵ෮҂֥ࠆ౼൞ഠ߶࿐༝֥ᇗေቆӮ҆ٳb, ۚҪਵ֝ಃ৯ቋն, ڵᄳޡܴ֥ቆᆮܵ; Trickle-downଆൔ༯֥ਵི֝ႋ҂ࣇุགྷਔਵູ֝ჴ۽ඎ৫ϼطᇏҪਵ֝ԩႿ৽ࢤۚҪაࠎҪਵ֥֝ᇏࡗߌࢫ, ဢ࠻ڵᄳᆳྛቆᆮۚҪ֥ᅞ, ႻڵᄳЧ֥҆ᅞ, ߎุགྷູۚҪਵູ֮֝Ҫਵ֝ඎ৫ϼဢ; ၛࠣ۲ࠩਵ֝๙ݖܿᄵ֥ᇅקބᆳྛؓ༯උྛູ֥ᇅק(Raes, Heijltjes, Glunk, & Roe, 2011); ࠎҪෑᄯbೂਵ֝აჴ۽֥ࢤԨቋ؟, ಃຯྟ္ቋbᄝਵ֝Mayer֩(2009)ބLiu, LiaoބLoi (2012)ьᄎႨഠ߶࿐༝ંቔູིႋ֥ؿߨᇏ, ჴ۽߶၇ऌ҂ਵ֥֝ಃຯྟ, trickle-downଆൔ༯ਵི֝ႋ࣮֥ᇗေં၇ऌbؓఃྛູቔԛ҂ّႋbбೂRuiz, Ruizބ Martínez (2011)ؓбਔۚҪࣜದჴބᇶ֥ܵ 社会交换理论 BrownބTrevino (2006)ᆷԛ, ഠ߶ࢌߐંྛູؓჴ۽֥႕ཙؿགྷ, ۚҪࣜေбᇶ֥ܵ൞ࢳਵ֝ა༯උܱ༢֥ᇗေંbھં႕ཙն, ᆃॖି൞ၹູۚҪ֥ࣜಃຯྟ۷఼b ಪູሹุط, ᄝၛສ࣮ᇏ࿐ᆀૌࢠ؟ֹᄎႨ, ਵ֝ა༯උ֥ࢌߐٳູਆো(Graen & Uhl-ഠ߶࿐༝ંބഠ߶ࢌߐંটඪૼtrickle- Bien, 1995)ğ၂ো൞ࣜ࠶ࢌߐ, ೂࣁఫaሧჷ֥ࢌߐ; ၂ো൞ഠ߶ࢌߐ, ೂྐaֹ໊aሱቍބdownଆൔ༯֥ਵི֝ႋ(Brown & Trevino, 2006), ႕ཙ৯֥ࢌߐbԛႿഠ߶ࢌߐ֥߲ჰᄵ, ჴ۽ؓྐ༏ԩંބ࢘ഡקં֥ႋႨ؟ႅݣᄝ߶ؓਵ֥֝ᆦӻބࠒࠞྛູ, ቓԛࠒّ֥ࠞঌቔ࣮ࡌഡ֥௩༅ᇏbᆴ֤ܱᇿ֥൞, ҂ܵ൞ഠ߶ູ߭Бb֒ਵ֝ྐaᆦӻჴ۽ൈ, ჴ۽߶჻ၩ࿐༝ંߎ൞࢘ഡקં, ൞۱ุྐ༏ԩ
ֻ3௹ ࿏߶ङ֩: ਵ֝৯֥ᆜކğTrickle-downଆൔ༯֥ਵི֝ႋ 477 ު֥Ӂ, ۱്ุљഈࠩਵ֥֝࢘ѩࣉྛଆٟݔэਈ؟ູ۱ุҪՑӁԛ֥अཋ, ॉҳਔਵ֝ಪ֥ݖӱь൞ྐ༏ԩ֥ݖӱ; طྐ༏ԩݖӱ္ᆩ֥֯ؓؒҪՑӁԛ֥႕ཙbૌ๙ݖؓ87थקਔ۱ุᄝഠ߶ࢌߐᇏ֥෮֤ބڱԛbߐओ߅ᇶܵࠣః417༯උ֥טҰ, ဒᆣਔᇶ֥ܵඪ, ༯උؓഈࠩਵི֝֯ႋ֥ࢤ൬ൌ࠽ഈ൞ಪ܄ۋؓ༯උ܄ۋི֥֯ႋ, ၛࠣؓॖਔഈ֥ࠩਵ֝࢘, ѩथקࣉྛ࿐༝ބࢌߐުؒቆᆮ܄ྛູބ۽ቔொྛູ֥႕ཙb ֥ࢲݔ—— 行为取向 ࠧྐ༏ԩ֥ࢲݔbႮՎॖ, ၛഈඹᇕંᄝਵ֝ྛູིႋݖӱᇏ֥ቔႨ҂ಸޭ൪b ႮႿtrickle-downଆൔ༯֥ਵི֝ႋѩ٤ᆰࢤ֞ղࠎҪჴ۽, ط൞ခሢቆᆮԼᆰܵҪՑඨ3 Trickle-down模式下领导效应研究之֯, ၹՎሱഈط༯༢ٳ༅ቆᆮ۲ҪՑਵ֝效能机制 ྛູི֥֯ႋ٤ӈсေbྛູ౼ཟ֥࣮؟ᆰଢభࢤՖۚҪਵ֝ೆ൭, ࣮Ֆቆᆮ֥ۚҪ֞ᇏҪਵtrickle-downଆൔ༯֥ਵི֝ႋ࣮ၘ֤ࣜ֞ਔൌᆣᆦӻbሸܴᆃུ࣮, ᇶေႵᇕ֝ᄜ֞ჴ۽ྛູ֥ঔބ֯bᆃ၂౼ཟܱᇿຓ౼ཟğཁྛູ֥֯, ط҂൞ಪᆩ֥֯b (1) ಪᆩ౼ཟ, ҧᇗਵ֝ሱദؓቆᆮࠇఃഈࠩಪᆩི֥֯ႋ࣮ೂMayer֩(2009)ܒࡹਔሱഈط༯֥; (2)ྛູ౼ཟ, ᇶေຶಡਵ֝ຓཁྛູི֥֯ႋᅚष; (3)ܱ༢౼ཟਵ֝؟Ҫଆ, ૌၛ195ࣜބ904ჴ۽, ᇶေॉҳ҂ҪՑਵ֝-༯උܱ༢ི֥֯ႋb༯໓ູဢЧ, ॉҳਔਵི֥֝֯ႋުᆣൌ, ࡼٳљؓၛഈᇕ౼ཟࣉྛࢺbᇏҪਵ֝ؓۚҪਵ֝აჴ۽۲ཛི ିࡗ֥ܱ༢ఏປಆᇏࢺቔႨbෛު, Ruiz֩(2011) 认知取向 ᆃো࣮ᇶေՖቆᆮ֥ᇏҪਵ֝ೆ൭, ሢ৯๙ݖؓ525ჴ۽֥ॉҳ္ؿགྷ, ֥ۚܵྛฐษᇏҪਵ֝ؓቆᆮࠇഈࠩਵ֥֝ಪᆩႮഈ֞༯ູ๙ݖቔႨႿᇶ֥ܵྛູ, ࣉط႕ཙჴ۽֥֥֯ቔႨbႮႿᇏҪਵ֝ӵഈఓ༯۽ቔડၩaቆᆮӵ୶aᆯౠཟބቆᆮ܄ྛູb, ൈڵᄳؓഈҪᅞ֥ᆳྛაؓ༯උ֥ᆷ֝, ၹՎᇏҪਵૌࣉ၂҄ᆷԛ, აಃຯྟطაჴ۽ᄹ֝ି৯֥҂ቀࡼ֝ᇁഈҪਵ֝(ࠇᆜ۱ቆᆮ)֥ၩ఼֥ᇶܵཌྷб, ۚҪਵ֥֝ྛູؓჴ۽ӁԛᆽمႵุིགྷ֞ჴ۽֥ྛູᇏಀbଢభູᆸ֥႕ཙ۷նbᆃॖି൞࢘ഡקંቔႨ֥ࢲݔ, ຶಡಪᆩ౼ཟ֥ཌྷܱ࣮ᇶေЇওቆᆮᆦӻۋ֥—— ቆᆮᇏ֥Ӯჴ߶۴ऌਵ֥֝ಃຯҪՑؓః֯aቆᆮྐބቆᆮ܄ۋ֥֯ၛࠣྏఔ႕ཙ৯ቔԛ؎, ֥ۚܵಃຯྟ۷ۚ, ڕഝᆜ۱ჿਚۋ֥֯֩bሹ֥টඪ, ᆃུ࣮नᆌؓቆᆮ֥ٲຶ, ၹՎؓჴ۽֥႕ཙ৯۷նbᇶุ֥ᇶܴಪᆩ, ฐษቆᆮ֥ᇏҪਵ֝ؓჴ۽ಪSchaubroeck֩(2012)ᄵࡹ৫ਔ၂۱ݤۂቆᆮଽۚᆩ֥ᇯҪ֯ቔႨbҪaᇏҪaࠎҪਵ֥֝a۷ູປ֥ଆ( Maste1)bૌಪູ, ҂ҪՑ֥ਵ֝ྛູؓቆᆮ֥rson (2001)൮Ցႄೆtrickle-downଆൔটฐษႏཧ࿐ਵთᇏჴ۽֥܄ۋೂޅ֯۳ܤ໓߄नऎႵෑᄯቔႨ, ֥ۚܵਵ֝ग़൮༵֯۳ᇏҪਵ֝, ಖު֯۳ࠎҪ, ႕ཙܤग़֥܄ۋbᄝՎࠎԤഈ, ਵ֝ྛູ࣮ਵთ֥ཌྷܱ࣮ᆷԛਵ֝, ቋުؓჴ۽֥ࠣ٤ಪᆩބྛ, ؓቆᆮᆦӻ֥ྏಪᆩ൞ခሢቆᆮҪՑԮ־֥, ቆᆮᆦӻ༵ቔႨႿᇶູܵӁള႕ཙbߐطᆭ, ᆺႵࠎҪਵ֝ؓ, Ӂളᇶ֥ܵቆᆮᆦӻۋ, ᄜቔႨႿ༯උჴ۽֥ྛູބಪᆩӁളᆰࢤ႕ཙbᆃ၂ଆ, Ӂള༯උ֥ቆᆮᆦӻۋb֒ᇶܵۋ൳֞ቆᆮᆦӻൈ൞ଢభູᆸฐษtrickle-downଆൔ༯ਵི֝ႋ֥, ߶ၛᆦӻ༯උ֥ٚൔቔູؓቆᆮ֥߭Б(Tepper & ቋູປᆜ֥ଆb 关系的滴漏 lor, 2003)—— ᆃ၂ܴׄၘФShanockބEisenberger (2006)֥ൌᆣ࣮෮ᆦӻbཌྷර֥, Bordia, Restubog, BordiaބTang (2010)ᆷԛ, Aryee֩(2007)ဒᆣਔᇶܵؓაఃഈࠩ܄ଢభਵ֝-༯උܱ༢࣮؟ऊࢊႿਵ֝Ӯჴ֥Լ֥ۋᆩ߶֯۳༯උაᇶ֥ܵ܄ۋbࣉ၂ᆰܱؓ༢, ޭਔ۱ุళೆᄝཌྷ၇ঠ֥۲ᇕֹ҄, Ambrose, SchminkeބMayer (2013)ਔቆᆮܱ༢ᇏ, ೂࣜ-ᇶܱܵ༢aᇶܵ-ჴ۽ܱ༢aၛສࠎႿtrickle-downଆൔ༯֥ਵི֝ႋ࣮ࢲჴ۽-ܤग़ܱ༢֩bऎุط, ଖোഠ߶ࢌߐܱ༢
478 ྏ ॓ ࿐ ࣉ ᅚ ֻ22ज (ೂᇶܵ-ቆᆮ֥ࢌߐܱ༢), ॖି߶႕ཙਸ਼၂োࢌᆞ൞ఃಃ৯֥ᇗေุགྷ, ૌॉҳਔᇶ֥ܵਵ֝-ߐܱ༢(ೂᇶܵ-༯උܱ༢)bਸ਼ຓ, ۴ऌਵܱ֝༢๙ݖ႕ཙ༯උֹ໊֥ۋ, ࣉط֯႕ཙtrickle-downଆൔ, сྶᇗ൪ଖུਵ֝Чദॖିऎਵ֝-༯උ֥ܱ༢bZhou, Wang, ChenބShi (2012)Ⴕ֥චᇗ࢘, ࠧਵ֝Чദॖିൈ္൞༯උbᄵၛᇏݓ౦༯104ᇶܵބ577༯උູဢЧ, ᆃᇕචᇗ֤࢘ਵ֝აఃഈ֥ܱࠩ༢(ࠧਵ֝-ฐษᇶ֥ܵཟഈࢌߐܱ༢აਵ֝-༯උࢌߐ֥႕ਵ֝ࢌߐܱ༢)ॖି߶႕ཙఃა༯ࠩ(ࠧਵ֝-༯උཙ, ૌؿགྷ, ਵ֝-ਵ֝ࢌߐܱ༢҂ࣇ๙ݖਵ֝ࢌߐܱ༢)֥ܱ༢bࠎႿᆃᇕනམ, ຶಡܱ༢֯-༯උܱ༢႕ཙᇶ֥ܵ൱ಃ, ࣉط႕ཙჴ۽֥ડၩ֥࣮ނྏ൞ğႮႿቆᆮᇏ֥ਵ֝ྛູ൞؟ҪՑ؇ބིࠛ; طਵ֝-ਵ֝ࢌߐܱ༢߶טࢫਵ֝-֥, ၹՎਵ֝༯උࢌߐܱ༢္ؿളᄝ҂ҪՑഈ, ༯උܱ༢აᇶܵ൱ಃ֥ܱ༢bᆃ၂ࢲંຉᅚਔѩ҂ҪՑᆭࡗ֥ܱ༢ऎႵሱഈط༯ི֥֯Tangirala, GreeބRamanujam (2007)ၛ၄ჽູႋbᆃ၂࣮൪࢘ᇶေၛഠ߶ࢌߐંބഠ߶࿐࣮ؓའ෮ંᆣ֥ਵ֝-ਵܱ֝༢ᄝਵ֝-༯උܱ༢༝ູࠎԤ, ฐษ֮ҪՑ֥ਵ֝ೂޅིٟۚҪਵ֝, აఃӁԛ(ቆᆮಪaቆᆮᆦӻa٤ದྟ߄)ᆭࡗऎࡹ৫ა༯උ֥ࢌߐܱ༢, ѩࡼა༯උ֥ਅݺܱ༢Ⴕ֥טࢫቔႨbႮՎॖ, ਵ֝-ਵܱ֝༢҂߶ቔູؓഈࠩਅݺࢌߐܱ༢֥߭БbVenkataramani, ֯۳ਵ֝-༯උ֥ܱ༢, طູਵ֝-༯උܱ༢Greenބ Schleicher (2010)ಪູ, ᇶ֥ܵಃ৯ᇶေི֥ႋิ܂ਔቆᆮ౦, ᆃ၂࣮൪ູ࢘ധ߄ุܱགྷູᷠ৯ބඪڛ৯, ᇶܵაఃഈࠩਵ֥ܱ֝༢༢ຩ߄ิ܂ਔᆦӻb 1 Schaubroeck֩(2012)ਵི֥֝֯ႋ࣮ (ሧਘটჷğSchaubroeck et al., 2012) 2 Zhou֩(2012)ਵ֝ބٲຶ֥ᆰࢤބࡗࢤॴҪ࣮ (ሧਘটჷğZhou et al., 2012)
ֻ3௹ ࿏߶ङ֩: ਵ֝৯֥ᆜކğTrickle-downଆൔ༯֥ਵི֝ႋ 479 ഈඍᇕ࣮൪࢘ࠎЧݤۂਔ֒భtrickle- Ⴈ, ط҂ႋᖙႿֆҪՑ֥ਵི֝ႋ࣮b downଆൔ༯֥ਵི֝ႋ࣮֥෮Ⴕܴׄbᆴ֤ᇿఃՑ, ࣮֥ҪՑႵրঔᅚbၛສ࣮ᇶေၩ֥൞, ં൞Ֆޅᇕ൪్࢘ೆ, Ⴕܱtrickle- ܱᇿᇶܵaჴ۽֥֯ྛູ, Ⴕഒਈ࣮ഥ֞downଆൔ༯֥ਵི֝ႋ࣮҂षؓਵ֝ࠒܤग़(Maserson, 2001), ࡼtrickle-downଆൔ༯ི֥ࠞႋބཨིࠞႋ֥ฐษbཌྷؓႿնਈႵܱਵ֝ਵི֝ႋҪՑཋᇅ֤ݖᅎbໃটႵсေฐษۚܵ-ࠒིࠞႋ֥࣮টඪ, ଢభtrickle-downଆൔ༯ਵࣜ-ᇶܵ-ჴ۽-ܤग़֥֯ྛູ, ؓ۲ҪՑਵ֥֝֝ཨིࠞႋ࣮ߎԩႿఏ҄ࢨ؍, ཌྷܱ࣮ᇶྛູ֥႕ཙݖӱࣉྛҪҪࢳ௩, ၛ༢ࢳቆᆮေຶಡྏఔჿਚۋބೃୱਵ֝ᅚषbೂᇏ֥ਵ֝ྛູࠣఃིႋࠏbѩ, ၛສ࣮ޭBordia֩(2010)๙ݖ3۱࣮, ၛ3ᇕ҂টჷ֥ਔtrickle-downଆൔ༯ਵ֝ྛູ֥ఃٚ૫, ᇭඔऌ௩༅ਔᇶ֥ܵቆᆮఔჿਚۋؓ༯උቆᆮఔೂྐaࠒࠞࠇཨࠞ౦ۋ֩ۋᆩၛࠣ൱ಃྛູaჿਚۋི֥֯ႋ, ၛࠣؓ༯උෛު֥ቆᆮ܄ࡹྛູི֥֯ႋbਸ਼ຓ, ᄝݖӱᇏਵ֝ྛູӁԛ֥႕ཙbMawritz, Mayer, Hoobler, ྛູॖିऎСྍ֥หᆘ, ᆃᇶေіགྷູಪᆩބྛWayneބMarinova (2012)ဒᆣਔೃୱࣜྛູູᄝ֯ݖӱᇏॖିӁളэၳbೂޅࡼۚҪਵ֝҂ࣇ֯۳ೃୱᇶܵྛູ, طა֮Ⴟః֥ܵࠒࠞಪᆩބྛູࣉྛਅྟԮ־ط҂൞౷, ೂҪՑਆ֥ࠩჴ۽ྛ္ູૡ్ཌྷܱ, ࠧೃୱᇶܵޅ՜ࣉۚҪਵ֝ၩᆽᄝ֮Ҫਵ֝ҪՑ֤֞ܺӞބྛູؓೃୱࣜྛູაჴ۽֥ದ࠽ொྛູ෮ൌྛ, ൞࣮֥֯ᇗေज़ีbଢభഒႵ࣮Ӂള֥ᇏࢺቔႨbቆᆮଽ҆ਵ֥֝ཨࠞྛູ҂ࣇടࠣ֞ᆃ၂ݖӱ, ః႕ཙིႋ֥ଽᄝ৯ࠏᇅᆴ߶ջটჴ۽֥ཨࠞྛູ, ط߶ၝᇅჴ۽֥ࠒ֤ࠞࣉ၂҄ധೆฐ࣮b ྛູbೂLiu֩(2012)ᄎႨ؟ࢨ؍a؟টჷa؟ҪᄜՑ, ၛສ࿐ᆀؓਵ֝ྛູބჴ۽ܱ༢֥Ց֥ඔऌॉҳਔ҆ਵ֥֝ೃୱࡓܵؓؒӮ࣮Ⴕֆࠞ߄ౠཟ, ࠧऊࢊႿਵ֝ྛູؓჴ۽ჴԷᄯ৯ᄯӮ֥֯ྟaཨࠞ႕ཙ, ૌؿགྷ, ֥҆၂ᇕႮഈط༯֥႕ཙ, ޭਔჴ۽ؓਵ֝ྛਵ֥֝ೃୱࡓܵ๙ݖ႕ཙؒਵ֥֝ೃୱູႮ༯طഈّ֥ႋb൙ൌഈ, ቆᆮ۲ҪՑ֥ྛູࡓܵ, ࣉطؓؒӮჴ֥Էᄯ৯Ӂളཨࠞ႕ཙb ሱഈط༯ֹ֯֞ࠎҪჴ۽ѩ҂൞ቔႨࠏ֥ᇔᆸ, ቆᆮᇏࢠ֮ҪՑ֥ྛູႺഈ၂ҪՑྛ4 评价与展望 ູؿളэ߄֥གྷའ္ဢթᄝ(bottom-up model, ਵ֝ྛູЧദ֥گᄖྟ൞՜trickle-downMarsh & Yeung, 1998), ໃটႵсေሱ༯طഈॉҳଆൔ༯֥ਵི֝ႋ࣮ᄀটᄀ൳࿐ඌࢸܱᇿ֥ᇶჴ۽ؓਵ֥֝႕ཙྛູ, ၛࠣჴ۽აਵ֥֝චཟေჰၹ, ၹູਔֆ၂ҪՑਵ࣮֥֝अཋ, ݖӱb ఼טਵ֝༢۲ҪՑࡗ֥ܱ৳, ႵᇹႿૌؓቆቋު, ଢభຶಡtrickle-downଆൔ༯֥ਵི֝ᆮᇏਵ֝৯֥ᆜކིႋൌགྷሙಒطӞ֥Ϝbႋ࣮ࠫެ൞ޘ؎૫࣮, భ໓ᇏၘࣜิ֞ਵቔູ၂۱ྍྖ֥࣮ਵთ, trickle-downଆൔ༯֝ྛູིႋ֥ؿߨ൞Ⴎഈط༯aႵൈࡗቔႨ֥, ֥ਵི֝ႋ࣮ᄝ၂ུٚ૫ߎթᄝሢ҂ቀ, Ⴕրޘ؎૫࣮مޓݺֹّ႘ᆃ၂หׄbࣂުᄝႿᄝໃট֥࣮ᇏჍၛധ߄ބປğ ࣮ٚمഈႋ఼߄ሺཟሔሶ࣮, ᆺႵၛࣈކ൮༵, ଢభtrickle-downଆൔ༯֥ਵི֝ႋ֥ٚൔ؎ၹݔܱ༢, Ҍିᆇᆞࢣൕਵ֝৯֥ᆜ࣮ᇶေၛ༆ٚ໓߄Мࣟषᅚ, ݓଽ֥ཌྷܱ࣮٤ކིႋb ӈኇكbໃটݓଽ࿐ᆀႵсေࢹ༆ٚ໓ང, षҕॉ໓ང ᅚژކݓ໓߄М֥ࣟЧ߄࣮bݓԮ֥Ambrose, M. L., Schminke, M., & Mayer, D. M. (2013). ໓߄ᇏಃ৯एࢠն, ᆃ҂ࣇ֤༯උіགྷԛࢠTrickle-down effects of supervisor perceptions of ૼཁ֥ಃຯ၇ঠ, ط֤ഈࠩਵ֝ؓۯҪ༯ࠩinteractional justice: A moderated mediation approach. ਵ֥֝႕ཙࢠູັ, ᆃཁਔᇏҪਵ֝ᄝਵ֝Journal of Applied Psychology, 98(4), 678–689. ৯֯ݖӱᇏ֥ᇗေూਃቔႨbᄝᆃᇕМࣟ༯, Aryee, S., Chen, Z. X., Sun, L. Y., & Debrah, Y. A. (2007). ݓଽཌྷܱ࣮ႋധೆฐ༅҂Ҫࠩਵ֝ྛູؓჴAntecedents and outcomes of abusive supervision: Test of a trickle-down model. Journal of Applied Psychology, ۽Ӂԛ֥ሸކ႕ཙ, ૡ్ܱᇿᇏҪਵ֥֝ూਃቔ
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ֻ3௹ ࿏߶ङ֩: ਵ֝৯֥ᆜކğTrickle-downଆൔ༯֥ਵི֝ႋ 481 Integrating Leadership: A Trickle-down Model of Leadership XUE Huijuan; YANG Jing (College of Economics and Management, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou 310018, China) Abstract: Trickle-down model is newly developed approach in leadership areas, which examines how leaders’ behaviors and their cognition trickle-down from upper-level leaders to lower-level followers. By exploring the systematic effects of multilevel leadership, the model fills the gap of prior studies which focus on single-level leadership. It is necessary to systematically summarize the definition, characteristics, theoretical foundations, effects and future research of trickle-down model in leadership areas, which will contribute to integrating leadership and broadening our understanding of Chinese leadership. Key words: trickle-down model; leadership; multilevel; system
