ֻ24जֻ5௹ ֹ ॓ ࿐ 2004୍10ᄅ SC IENTIAGEOGRAPHICASINICA Oct.,2004ᇏݓିჷਵთ໑൩గุஆ٢གྷሑࠣࡨஆؓҦ࣮齐玉春,董云社(ᇏݓ॓࿐ჽֹ॓࿐აሧჷ࣮෮,Кࣘ100101)ᅋေ:ሱ۽ြ۪ଁၛট,ෛሢ߄െಗਘ֥ܼٗႋႨ,ିჷਵთ֥໑൩గุஆ٢ᇯࡶӮູఃᇶေ֥ದູஆ٢ჷ,ିჷaߌބࣜ࠶ؿᅚᆭࡗ֥؛္ರၭӮູ۲ݓᆟک܋ܱᇿ֥ࢊׄbೂޅႵֹིࣉྛିჷࠃᇏ໑൩గุ֥ࡨஆၘࣜӮູടࠣߌaࣜ࠶aᆟᇍaຓࢌ֩؟ٚ૫֥ಆ౯ྟ॓࿐໙ีb໓ᅣؓᇏݓିჷषؿ০Ⴈགྷሑބᇶေ໑൩గุؽသ߄ฏ(CO2)aࡊບ(CH4)aသ߄(N2O)ିჷஆ٢ჷࣉྛਔࡥေٳ༅,ѩؓൡކᇏݓݓ౦֥໑൩గุࡨஆაିჷॖӻ࿃षؿა০Ⴈ ච႓ ,ൌགྷ ؿᅚࡨஆ ֥ႵིࣥࣉྛਔԚ֥҄ฐษbܱ Ս:ିჷ;໑൩గุ;ஆ٢གྷሑ;ࡨஆؓҦᇏٳোݼ:P467/X511/P967 ໓ངѓ്:A ໓ᅣщݼ:1000-0690(2004)05-0528-07 గީэ୰໙ี୍࣍ট၂ᆰ൞ಆ౯э߄ਵთ֥߄ฏஆ٢ਈᄝ1996~2000୍ࡗࢆ֮ਔ%,б࣮ಣׄބݓ࠽ߌซ֥ࢊׄb߭ܤݖಀ֥Ⴎ෮ႵఃটჷӁള֥ؽသ߄ฏஆ٢ਈ%֥100,୍ֹ౯і૫໑؇नჿഈശਔ ࢆږߎေն[7]bሹ֥টඪ,ေӞָࢳथିჷაߌ0].2[1 ,୍࣍ࠫটಆ౯௴ђԛགྷ ֥୰ ฿గ֥؛ಯ൞၂۱ཌྷؓથӉ֥ݖӱbၹՎ,ေᄝି۷ૌധख़ۋत֞ᆃ၂గީэ߄֥թᄝ[2]bෙჷਵთႵ֥٢൏ֹࣉྛ໑൩గุࡨஆ۽ቔ,൮༵ႋಖଢభ࿐ඌࢸؓႿ֝ᇁಆ౯గީэ୰֥ჰၹಯթؓିჷა໑൩గุஆ٢֥ܱ༢Ⴕ၂۱ԉٳ֥ಪ്bᄝ၂ུᆚ,ં࣮ᇏ္ಯಖթᄝሢྸ؟҂ಒקၹ1 ିჷࠃა໑൩గุஆ٢,ದোࠃหљ൞߄െಗਘಗഎa೦ਟ૫ࠒࡨഒaᆱФߊၛࠣڗυ֥֩Ⴈ൞ᄯӮಆ౯э୰ሸކၛສ֥࣮ࢲݔ,ିჷਵთ֥໑൩గุஆ֥ᇗေၹၘ൞၂۱҂ᆚ֥൙ൌ[3~5]bఃᇏ,Ⴎ٢ᇶေটჷႿၛ༯ࠫ۱ٚ૫:(1)߄െಗਘಗഎ;Ⴟ߄െಗਘषҐ০Ⴈაնਈಗഎط֝ᇁ֥໑൩గ(2)ಗਘषҐaࡆ۽aᄎൻၛࠣ۽ြ০Ⴈݖӱᇏุ֥ஆ٢ؓగީэ୰֥܊ངቋնbऌ྄࣮ބߨؿ;(3)Ԯളᇉಗਘ֥ಗഎ֩bః,ᄝݖಀ֥ᇏ,߄െಗਘಗഎᇶေЇওିჷ۽ြሱႨa৯۽20୍ᇏಆ౯նჿႵ3/4ቐႷ֥ದູؽသ߄ฏஆ٢ਈটჷႿ߄െಗਘಗഎြaთ܂ಣ֩ିჷࠣఃሇߐ۽ြၛࠣ۽ြളӁݖ[1]bᇏݓቔູଢభࣜ࠶ؿᅚቋູ֥ؿᅚᇏݓࡅ,ିჷܼٗႋႨႿ۽ြaӱᇏ֥ିჷཨݻ֩bՎຓ,ं֥৫Ґ୰ބളࠃࢌ๙aࡹᇽၛࠣंളࠃ֩۲۱ਵთ,ଢభᇏݓၘᄱᇏ߄െಗਘ֥Ⴈགྷࢨ؍ᄝ୪ըބ҆ٳᇏཬӬ൧္൞၂۱҂ॖޭ֥ஆ٢ჷ[8,9]bაିჷႵӮູൗࢸഈֻؽնିჷཨٮݓbಖط,؟୍টିჷܱ֥߄െಗਘಗഎஆ٢ჷߎЇওࢌ๙ᄎൻਵთ֥षؿა০Ⴈݖӱᇏི֥֮ੱࠣః෮ᄯӮ֥ߌ໑൩గุஆ٢,ടࠣ܄ਫ਼aํਫ਼aݴॢaඣᄎ֩۲ಙ္၂ᆰಠሢᇏݓࣜ࠶აഠ߶֥ॖӻ࿃ؿ۱ٚ૫,ടࠣ૫ࢠ,္ܼ൞୍ུ࣍টஆ٢؇ᄹӉᅚ[6]b୍࣍ট,ࣜݖ؟ٚ૫֥୭৯,ᇏݓᄝିჷߌࢠॹ֥ਵთᆭ၂,ఃᇏ,Ⴍၛ܄ਫ਼ᄎൻ֥ஆ٢ਈᄹٚ૫֥໙ี֤֞ਔ၂קӱ؇֥ߏࢳ,ࣇ1996~Ӊቋູbऌ࠹,ᄝޓ؟ݓࡅᇏ,ࢌ๙ᄎൻ֥2000୍ࡗ,ᇏݓᇶေ໑൩గุؽသ߄ฏ֥ᆜุஆିჷཨݻਈჿᅝಆ҆ᇔ؊ିჷཨٮ֥1/4~٢ਈࣼࢆ֮ਔ%;ࡊບ֥ஆ٢ਈᄝ1997~20001/3,ᅝಆ҆െႲᇅཨݻਈ֥90%ቐႷ[10],Ֆط୍ࡗ༯ࢆਔ%bఃᇏ,ᇏݓႮಗਘӁള֥ؽသ൬۠ರ௹:2003-07-21;ྩרರ௹:2003-12-30ࠎࣁཛଢ:ᇏݓ॓࿐ჽᆩ്Էྍᇗնཛଢ(KZCX1-SW-01-04)aᇏݓ॓࿐ჽֹ॓࿐აሧჷ࣮෮ᆩ്Էྍཛଢ(CXIOG-E01-03-01aCXIOG-A00-06)aݓࡅᇗׄࠎԤ࣮ؿᅚܿ߃ཛଢ(2002CB412503)܋ሧᇹbቔᆀࡥࢺ:ఊზԽ(1972-),୯,תᐋཅದ,ᇹ࣮ჴ,Ѱൖ,ᇶေՖ൙ಆ౯э߄ა໑൩గุஆ٢ၛࠣฏaളֹ౯߄࿐࿖ߌ֩ٚ૫֥࣮bE-mail:qiyc@
5௹ ఊზԽ֩:ᇏݓିჷਵთ໑൩గุஆ٢གྷሑࠣࡨஆؓҦ࣮ 52 9ఃؓ໑൩గุ֥ஆ٢ऎႵࢠ֥ۚ܊ངੱbၛႇݓࡅཌྷб,ᇏݓದनഅြିჷႨਈބႮՎطӁളݓູ২,2000୍ႇݓ֡ਫ਼ࢌ๙֥CO2ஆ٢ᅝሹஆ֥ದनCO2ஆ٢ਈჹ֮Ⴟᆃུݓࡅ,ֆ໊ିჷ٢ਈ֥б২ۚղ25%ቐႷ,ၘӑݖ৯ളӁ֥ஆ෮Էᄯ֥Ӂᆴ္ಯԩႿࢠ֥֮ඣ(і1[15]),٢бᇗ[11]bԢ߄െಗਘಗഎຓ,િฒaെႲa฿ಖᆃࣼ֝ᇁਔᇏݓିჷཨٮሹਈᇔЌӻࢠ֥ۚඣగ֥֩षҐaࡆ۽aᄎൻݖӱᇏ္ϴෛሢնਈ໑൩b2000,୍ᇏݓၹ߄െಗਘಗഎ෮ஆ٢֥CO2గุ֥ᆰࢤஆ٢,ൈ,ᅝ୪ըളࠃିჷ၂϶ၛഈղ֞(1Gt=109t),ᅝಆ౯ஆ٢ਈ֥֥୪ቔࢦیaྈҸ֩ളᇉಗਘ֥ಗഎၛࠣ൬ࠆ%[16],ఃᇏ,ႮႿಗિ٢֥CO2ਈჿᅝಆݓ۲ު୪ြ٬ఙ֥ಗഎaषफ़ߙჰൈ֥എߙ္֩൞໑োஆ٢ჷሹஆ٢ਈ֥80%[17]bնਈۚݻିӁြ൩గุ֥ᇶေିჷஆ٢ჷ,Ֆಆ౯ٓຶु,ളᇉ֥ିჷཨݻ൞նగᇏCO2֥ᇶေஆ٢ჷbଢభ,ಗഎؓCO2ބCH4ஆ٢֥܊ངٳљჿູ40%ބᇏݓ֥ۚݻିӁြᇶေЇওۑํaࡹҋބ߄࿐۽ြ10%,ၹՎᆃ҆ٳஆ٢ਈ္ဢ҂ಸޭ൪[12]b,֩ೂ:ࡹҋ۽ြ֥ඣୃളӁa߄࿐۽ြ֥ކӮμള CO2ஆ٢აିჷӁ֩,ఃᇏ,ૄؕඣୃളӁ٢֥CO2ॖղ֞൞ಆ౯ቋᇗေ֥໑൩గ,ุఃؓ໑൩ིႋ136tC[18]bՎຓ,ଢభᇏݓҐ୰aॢטaԹ൙aࡅႨ֥܊ངჿᅝಆ҆໑൩గุ֥50%[13,14],ଢభᄝնఖ֩ളିݻᄝሹିݻᇏ္ᅝႵࢠ֥ۚб২[19]గᇏ୩؇ၘղ mol/mol,൞ᄯӮగީэ୰֥(2002,୍ದनളࠃႨି),္ఃӮູᇶေჰၹ,္൞ଢభିჷߌ࣮ਵთ൳ܱᇿቋ؟CO2֥၂۱ᇗေஆ٢ჷbൈ,࣮іૼ:Ⴈచ֥໑൩గุbགྷႵ֥࣮ಪ,ູնగᇏCO2֥Ӛ֥ֆ໊ିჷཨݻჿູ܄܋చӚ֥П,ํਫ਼֥ᄹӉᇶေ൞ႮႿದোࠃᄯӮ,֥ఃᇏಗഎ߄െಗП[20],୍࣍টᇏݓӬ൧చӚඔਈႭః൞Ⴈਘ൞ӁളCO2֥ቋնದູஆ٢ჷ[1]bط߄െಗਘಗచӚӯնږ؇ᄹࡆ֥൝(2002୍ଌ,ᇏݓႨచഎᇏႻၛݣฏਈቋ؟֥િฒಗഎ܊ངቋն,1998Ӛކ࠹ၘղ֞ 104ਇ,ఃࠏӚղ5,୍ಆ౯ಗિஆ٢֥CO2ஆ٢ਈჿູ 108tC, 104ਇ,طದచӚղ 104ჿᅝ߄െಗਘஆ٢CO2ሹਈ֥85%ቐႷbਇ[19,21]),చӚඔਈ֥նږ؇ᄹӉ֤చӚಗਘಗᄝᇏݓ,ෙಖაૅݓaರЧa֣ݓaمݓ֩ؿղഎ٢֥CO2္ԩႿࢠ֥ۚඣbі1 ᇏݓაݓຓ҆ٳݓࡅିჷཨٮაCO2ஆ٢ሑঃбࢠ Table1 ComparisonofenergyconsumptionandCO2emissionbetweenChinaandsomeothercountries1997୍അြିჷ֥1997୍അြିჷ֥ದૄతक़െႲ֒ਈିჷದनCO2ஆ٢ਈ Ⴈሹਈ(kgoe)नႨਈ(kgoe)ႨӁള֥GDP ($)1998୍(t/ದ)ᇏݓૅݓࡆଦն֣ݓႇݓمݓರЧ ሧਘটჷႿҕॉ໓ང[15]; οᅶܓઙ৯ࡎߐෘӮݓ࠽ૅჭ֥ݓଽളӁሹᆴ; CO2ஆ٢ਈᆷિฒಗഎၛࠣඣୃᇅᄯ֩ݖӱᇏஆ٢֥CO2,ЇওႨܥุa၁ุaగุಗਘၛࠣિగӁള֥ CH4ஆ٢აିჷᄝCH4గุ֥۲ᇕஆ٢ჷᇏ,߄െಗਘ֥षCH4൞ࣇՑႿCO2֥ᇗေ໑൩గุࠣ߄࿐ࠃؿބ০Ⴈ൞Ԣ֟โaുֹaّᎋ֩CH4ஆ٢ჷྟగุbሱ1750୍ၛট,նగᇏCH4୩؇ၘ࠹ၛຓնగCH4֥ᇗေದູჷbՖಆ౯ٓຶটु,ᄹࡆਔ mol/mol(151%),ଢభնగCH4୩ಆ౯CH4ஆ٢ჷሹਈჿູ535 125TgCH4/a(1؇ၘղ֞ݖಀ42ຣ୍ၛট֥ቋۚඣ[1],ѩಯ12Tg=10g),ದູჷჿᅝሹ٢ਈ֥60%~80%,ᄝ࿃ᄹࡆbᄝݖಀ֥၂Ϥ୍ᇏ,CH4ؓಆ౯໑൩طఃᇏ֥20%(16%~24%)ቐႷ(ჿ100TgCH4/ིႋ֥܊ངჿູ19%,ࣇՑႿCO2,ఃཌྷؓᄹ໑a)Ⴛა߄െಗਘ֥ളӁބႨႵܱ[13]bሹ֥টమ৯ಏູCO2֥21П[13]bඪ,ಆ౯ିჷਵთCH4ஆ٢ᇶေটჷႿિঀaെ
5 30 ֹ ॓ ࿐ 24जႲa฿ಖగषҐݖӱ྄֥bఃᇏ,฿ಖగஆ٢ჷಗਘಗഎஆ٢֥N2Oჿູ~0[26].3TgN/a,ളჿູ40Tg/a(25~50Tg/a),Ґિஆ٢ჷ30Tg/aᇉಗഎݖӱஆ٢֥N2Oჿູ~ N2Oஆ٢აିჷN2Oቔູնగ֥ັਈగุӮٳᆭ၂,ᄝݖಀჷਵთ֥N2Oஆ٢ਈၛьିܔ۷Ⴕᆌؓྟֹࣉྛ၂Ϥ୍֥ൈࡗᇏࡨஆ۽ቔ҂ࣇ൞ᇏݓ္൞ಆ౯܋૫ਢ֥ज़ีb,N2Oؓ໑൩ིႋ֥܊ངჿູ4%,1750~2000୍,նగᇏ֥N2O୩؇Ⴎ ᇏݓିჷ০Ⴈᇏ໑൩గุࡨஆ֥ mol/molഈശ֞ਔ mol/mol,ᄹࡆਔჿؓҦ࿊ᄴ17%[1]bෙಖN2Oᄝնగᇏ֥୩؇ބ୍ᄹӉੱ֮ႿCO2,֥మᄝᄹ୰ቔႨಏჿູCO2֥ Ֆభ૫֥ٳ༅ॖၛुԛ,໑൩గุஆ٢ਈაି310П,ູCH4֥4~21П,ൈN2Oᄝնగᇏթൈჷ֥ളӁބཨٮਈᆰࢤཌྷܱbطؓႿԩႿࣜ࠶նࡗࢠӉؿᅚ֥ᇏݓགྷࢨ؍টඪ,ିჷ֥षؿބ০ႨႻᆰࢤ(ჿູ120୍),ၹՎ,N2Oᄝնగᇏ୩؇֥႕ཙሢࣜ࠶ؿᅚ֥ӱ؇ބ؇,ೂޅᄝ҂႕ཙࣜ࠶ᄹࡆ۷ႋႄఏᇗ൪[13]bିჷਵთ֥N2Oஆ٢ᇶؿᅚ֥భิ༯ղ֞໑൩గุࡨஆ֥ଢ֥,ൌགྷ ؿေটሱ߄െಗਘಗഎބളᇉಗഎݖӱ,ఃN2Oᅚࡨஆ ა ߌЌؿᅚ ൞ᇏݓିჷ০Ⴈਵთ֒ஆ٢ჿᅝಆ౯N2Oჷஆ٢ሹਈ֥2%~3%[25],ෙభ૫ਢ֥ᇗေ็ᅞbჹཬႿሱಖಛaඣุ֩฿ಖஆ٢ჷ,ಏ൞Ԣ Ⴊ߄ିჷཨٮࢲܒ,ࡆॹॖᄜളౢࢱྍିჷದູۄಠಛބ߄۽ളӁݖӱ(ೂ࠭ؽූaརූള֥षؿა০ႨӁ֩)֩ᆭຓN2O֥ᇶေದູஆ٢ჷ,ѩᄝՎਵᇏݓ൞ൗࢸഈഒඔࠫ۱ၛિູᇶေಗਘ֥ݓთࣉྛN2Oࡨஆࢠ฿ಖჷט॥ཌྷིؓ۷ॹbଢࡅᆭ၂bაൗࢸ҆ٳؿղݓࡅཌྷб,ᇏݓିჷࢲܒభ,ಆ౯აିჷႵܱ֥N2Oஆ٢ܙෘࢲݔ:ູ߄െᇏെႲa฿ಖగaނ֩Ⴊᇉିჷ֥б২ޓཬ(і
5௹ ఊზԽ֩:ᇏݓିჷਵთ໑൩గุஆ٢གྷሑࠣࡨஆؓҦ࣮ 53 12),ିჷࢲܒ҂ކ൞၂ᆰၛট֝ᇁᇏݓ໑൩గุุ༢bഈඍ໙ีିܔ֤֞Ⴕིࢳथ,ᇏݓሇэିஆ٢ਈொն֥ᇶေჰၹᆭ၂b࣮іૼ,ֆ໊ಣਈჷࢲܒࡼթᄝऍնॢࡗbཌྷܱყҩ࣮іૼ,ಗિႄఏ֥CO2ஆ٢бႨെႲބ฿ಖగٳљေ2015୍ྍିჷބॖᄜളିჷ୍षؿਈղ4300 ۚԛ36%ބ61%ቐႷ[33],ނބඣaဝି֩104tce,ᅝᇏݓࢽൈഅିჷཨٮሹਈ֥2%,ࡼॖ҂ݣฏିჷ֥০ႨᄵࠫެCO2ஆ٢,ᄝᆃᇕ౦ࡨഒ43000 10tC֥໑൩గุஆ٢[39]bঃ༯,ေཤࡨCO2ஆ٢ਈࣼေࣉ၂҄טᆜିჷࢲܒ,ᇯ҄ཤࡨ߄െಗਘหљ൞િฒ֥ཨٮб২,նі2 2002୍҂ݓࡅ֥ିჷཨٮࢲܒбࢠ(%)Table2 Comparisonofenergyconsumptionstructure৯षؿഒݣฏބ҂ݣฏ֥ିჷbᄝݖಀ֥؟୍amongdifferentcountriesin2002(%)ᇏ,ᇏݓ๙ݖࠒࠞؿᅚႪᇉିჷ,ᄝିჷࢲܒטᆜିჷোљᇏݓૅݓರЧمݓ֣ݓٚ૫ၘ౼֤ਔӉቀ֥ࣉᅚ,2002୍િฒᄝ၂െႲՑିჷࢲܒᇏ෮ᅝ֥бᇗၘб1990୍༯ࢆਔ฿ಖగિ%[34],ૌ္ႋൈಪ്,֞ႮႿᇏݓႲగඣሧჷ֥ཌྷؓಌك(ࢩᇀ2001୍ଌ,െႲა฿ಖగഺނჅฐૼॖҐԥਈູ33 108tა 1012m3,ٳ ሧਘটჷ:BPStatisticalReviewofWorldEnergy,June,2003.љჿᅝൗࢸ֥%ބ%[35]),࣍ᇏ௹ᇏݓႲగᄝ၂Ցିჷཨٮᇏ֥б২ෙ߶Ⴕ෮ิ,ۚಯಖ षؿࢫିඌ,ิۚିჷ০Ⴈིੱ߶бࢠ֮,҂߶ڿэિฒᄝ၂Ցିჷཨٮᇏ֥൮ေଢభ,ᇏݓ֥ିჷ০Ⴈིੱߎޓ,֮ॉ੮षҐֹ໊[36],ၹՎބൻෂު֥ିჷ༢ሹིੱ҂֞10%,҂ࠣؿղ,ေࢆ֮િฒཨٮ֥б২,ᆺႵ๙ݖᇯ҄ᄹࡆॖᄜളିჷބྍିჷ֥Ⴈটൌགྷbಖݓࡅ֥၂϶,ᆃࣼၩሢ90%ቐႷ֥ିჷᄝषطఘࣂູᆸ,ᇏݓؓౢࢱିჷބॖᄜളྍିჷ֥षҐaࡆ۽ሇߐaᇻᄎބᇔ؊০ႨᇏФཨݻוਔ[40]bؿބ০Ⴈߎჹჹ҂ቀၹՎ,ေࡨഒିჷਵთ໑൩గุஆ٢,Ԣᇯ҄טᆜ,ᇏݓඣ৯֥ॖषؿልࠏಸਈູ 108kW,ंൗࢸ൮໊,ଢభषؿ০Ⴈੱࣇିჷࢲܒຓ,ᄝགྷႵ֥ࠎԤഈᇯ҄ࡨഒളӁބളࠃູ20%[37];ڄିሧჷਈჿູ16 108kW,ֹಣሧ۲ߌࢫିჷ֥ཨݻਈ,ิۚֆ໊ିݻ֥ളӁඣ္ჷ֥ჹࣟԥਈູ 10tce,ဝିaളᇉ൞၂۱с҂ॖഒ֥൭؍bିaݚလି֩ԥਈ۷൞ԩႿൗࢸਵֹ໊༵[38],ؓᄝିჷषҐაᄎൻٚ૫,ଢభᇏݓᄝՎߌࢫ֥ః֥षؿބ০ႨಏഉໃྙӮܿଆ,նਈܱඌބିჷশٮࢠູᇗ,ေڿэᆃᇕགྷሑ,Ԣࡆ఼ঀഡСಯᇶေ၇ঠࣉ१,षؿ০ႨӮЧ௴ђொۚ,ܵࠣཌྷܱඌڿᄯຓ,ڿэିჷൻෂٚൔೂэൻՖطննቅθਔఃӁြ߄ބഅ߄ࣉӱ,ൈཌྷܱિູൻaൻగ္֩൞ࡨഒᄎൻཨݻ֥၂۱ᇗေӁ္ಌഒಆ૫༢֥ӁᇉਈѓሙࠣᇉਈࡓҩࣥbՎຓ,ߎႋ࣐ॖିֹࡨഒିჷषҐaᄎൻݖӱุ༢,Ӂᇉਈ҂໗ק,Ӂ֥ܿٓ߄a༢ਙ߄ؿᇏ໑൩గุ֥ᆰࢤஆ٢ა྄bᅚ൳֞ޓն֥႕ཙbՎຓ,ᄝӁषؿaܼ֥ሧᄝିჷᇔ؊০Ⴈٚ૫,ೂޅิۚିჷ০Ⴈིੱࣁᆦӻ৯؇ބཌྷႋ֥ࠗৣᆟҦބծീٚ૫္ഉཁ൞ࢫିࡨஆ֥ܱ෮ᄝb࣍20୍ট,ᇏݓ๙ݖҐ҂ቀ,ᆃུၹቅθਔॖᄜളିჷඌ֥Ӯݔሇ౼؟ᇕඌծീ୭৯ิۚିჷ০Ⴈི,ੱຣჭ߄აܼ[38]bၹՎ,ᇏݓ๙ݖྍିჷؿᅚࣉྛGDPିݻႮ1980୍֥ࢆᇀ2002୍֥CO82֩໑൩గุ֥ࡨஆߎႵ၂؍ޓӉ֥ਫ਼ေሼ,ࣂ,༯ࢆਔ࣍2/3,࠹ࢫჿିჷ 10ުႋᆌؓଢభթᄝ֥໙,ีᇯ҄ࡆնཌྷܱඌ[41](ೂtce,ֆ໊Ӂᆴିݻ֥ࢆ֤֮CO2ஆ٢ਈ֥ᄹӉնڄ৯ؿඌ,ܻڙؿඌaݚလ໑ҵؿ؇ၘႿࡨߏbሹ֥টඪ,ᇏݓଢభ֥ିჷ০ඌ֩)षؿ֥ሧࣁބದჴೆ৯؇,ᆦӻൕٓཛႨིੱಯಖࢠ,֮ᆺႵ32%,б༵ࣉݓࡅ֮ਔჿ10ଢ֥षᅚაܼ,ࢆ֮ఃളӁ০ႨӮЧ,ѩ࣮ა~15۱Ϥٳׄ[42],۽ြ֥҆ିჷഡСིੱჹჹᇅקᆌؓႿཌྷܱఒြބ۱ದ֥ඥ൬Ⴊ߲aᆟکҀ֮Ⴟؿղݓࡅ,Ֆط֝ᇁֆ໊Ӂᆴބֆ໊Ӂ֥ି์a֮༏վॻ֩၂༢ਙࠗৣᆟҦაࠏᇅ,ൈߎႋݻ௴ђொۚbऌཌྷܱଆყҩ,ೂݔᇏݓᇗׄӁ࣐ॹປݓࡅ֥ࠩӁᇉਈѓሙބܿٓၛࠣӁ֥ֆ໊ିݻࢤ࣍ؿղݓࡅ20ൗࡀ80୍սԚ֥ᇉਈࡓҩุ༢,ᇯ҄ࡹ৫ބࡲಆᇏݓ֥ॖᄜളିჷඣ,ᇏݓ֞2020୍ࡼၹՎࢫି 108tce,໑
5 32 ֹ ॓ ࿐ 24ज൩గุஆ٢ਈࡼбࠎႿགྷႵඌඣყҩ֥ஆ٢Ӂٚཟؿᅚ,Ֆطղ֞ࢫିࡨஆ֥ଢ֥bਈࡨഒ330Mtฏ֒ਈ[43],ఃࡨஆིݔ൞ٳॖܴ ࡆ఼ିჷਵთ֥ݓ࠽ࢌੀაކቔ֥bၹՎ,ໃট20୍ิۚିჷ০Ⴈིੱ,ᄝ࿃۴ऌႵܱଆყҩٳ༅,ູᆳྛ ࣘၰקࣉ۽ြࢫି֥ൈ,ࡨഒࡹᇽaࢌ๙֩ᇗׄࢫିਵ ,๙ӈ၂۱ݓࡅૄࡨഒ1%֥໑൩గุஆ٢ࡼთ֥ିݻ൞໑൩గุࡨஆ֥ܱbᄝۚݻିӁြ,ջটݓଽളӁሹᆴ1%֥ࣜ࠶ാ[49],ؓՎऍնࡆࢫିඌڿᄯ,ڿᄯ۽ြါaݑࠣః֥ࣸࣜ࠶ാ,ᆞԩႿളթؿᅚࢨ؍֥ܼնؿᅚᇏݓ֥ۚݻିഡС,Ґ౼༵ࣉ֥ࢫିളӁ۽ၜ,ิۚିࡅࡼޓӵքbଢభᇏݓෙ҂ླӵք໑൩గุࡨჷ০Ⴈི,ੱࢆ֮ֆ໊Ӂބֆ໊Ӂᆴ֥ିჷཨݻஆၬༀ,ູਔ۷ݺֹൌགྷॖӻ࿃֥ؿᅚଢѓ,ᇏਈ൞ࢫჿିჷ,ࢆ֮ିჷ໑൩గุஆ٢ਈ֥ᇶေݓಯႋࠒࠞҕა֞ཌྷܱ֥ݓ࠽ࢌੀაކቔᇏಀbࣥbၛᇏݓؿྛြູ২,၂ቖ4100 10kWಗિᄝކቔᇏԢࣉྛཌྷܱඌ࣮ཛଢކቔຓ,ߎႋषᅟૄ୍ჿཨݻჰિ300 104t,ཟնగஆ٢CO2ᅚܼ֥ٗࣜ࠶ކቔ,๙ݖ؟ᇕವሧٚൔ་ႄݓຓቆჿ213 104[44]t,ڿಗિؿູಗగ-ᆕచ৳ކᆮބؿղݓࡅҕაᇏݓྍିჷބॖᄜളିჷӁြ࿖ߌؿ,ᄵֆ໊ؿਈ෮Ӂള֥໑൩గุCO2֥षؿაࡹഡ,ൈߎႋԉٳ০Ⴈగީэ߄ॿࡏ܄ஆ٢ჿࡨഒ50%ቐႷ,ಣ৳Ӂ္бಣٳളჿ෮ิԛ ֥ౢࢱؿᅚࠏᇅ(CDM) ֩۲ཛႵ০ႿӁॖࡨഒჿ30%~44%ቐႷ֥CO2ஆ٢[45]bՎᇏݓؿᅚ֥ݓ࠽ކቔࠏᇅ,ᆚ౼Ֆݓຓᆰࢤႄࣉࣜຓ,ߎႋᄝӬ൧Ӑ֝܄܋ࢌ๙,ൡ֒ؿᅚ݅ํਫ਼,࠶ჱᇹބ༵ࣉ֥ඌ,ѩ՜ࣉཌྷႋඌ֥ݓӁ߄,ؿᅚಗగaಗࣵࣚచӚaచӚ,ڿ܄ਫ਼ਫ਼ঃaՖطࡆᇏݓିჷ۽ြ֥ඌࣉ,҄ࣉطղ֞໑൩ิۚӚਇ֥ൌᄛੱ֩,՜ࣉࢌ๙ᄎൻࢫିbᄝࡹᇽగุࡨஆ֥ଢ֥[50]bࢫିٚ૫,ଢభᇏݓࡹᇽିݻၘᅝಆݓሹିݻ֥ ࣉ၂҄ࡆ఼ބປᆟک֥ޡܴט॥ࠏᇅ%,Ґ୰࠱नିݻჿ่ູ֩ࡱؿղݓࡅ֥၂ᆰၛট,ᇏݓᆟکؓႿಆ౯ᇗնߌ໙ี2~3П[46],ၹՎࡆ఼ؓࡹᇽົࢲܒބҐ୰༢ᇔ۳Ⴭۚ؇֥ᇗ൪,༵ުదඇਔ ჿ࿆ a గީ֥ڿᄯ,ิۚຶࢲܒ֥Ќ໑ۯಣྟ,ିิۚҐ୰э߄ॿࡏ܄ჿ ֩؟ཛݓ࠽܄ჿ,ѩϯ҃ਔ؟۱Ⴕ༢֥ಣི,ੱࢆ֮Ґ୰ିݻ֩ؓႿࢫିࡨஆ္ܱିჷބߌЌ֥ᆟҦྟ໓ࡱބمੰم,ܿᄝ໑ٳᇗေb൩గุࡨஆٚ૫ቓԛਔऍն֥܊ངb໑൩గุ Ⴊ߄ӁြࢲܒބӁࢲܒࡨஆ൞၂۱Ӊ௹aஔն֥༢۽ӱ,ቔູݓࡅ֥ޡӁြࢲܒބӁࢲܒඣ൞थקᆜ۱ݓࡅିܴܵᆀ,ᆟکႋ҂؎ՖᆟҦمܿaࣜ࠶ބഠ߶࿆ჷ఼؇֥֮ۚᇗေၹbၛສ֥࣮іૼ,ӁြࢲԮ֩؟ٚ૫ࡆ఼ؓՎ༢۽ӱ֥ޡܴט॥ቔႨbܒބӁࢲܒ֥э߄ؓିჷ఼؇ࢆ֥֮܊ངੱॖ1)ᄝสᆟҦمܿࡹഡٚ૫bႋࣉ၂҄༥߄ۚղ75%~85%,ჹۚႿඌิۚؓሹିჷ఼؇ཌྷႋ֥ିჷ০ႨބߌЌمܿ,ᇯ҄ࡼ၂ུקྟࢆ֥֮܊ངੱ(ඌิ֥ۚ܊ངੱჿູ15%~֥ᆟҦଢѓקਈ߄ބ༢߄,ೂ:۴ऌ۲ֹ֥ൌ25%[43]),1980୍ᇀ2000୍ࡗᇏݓࢫჿބഒႨି࠽౦ঃ,ൌྛఃႪ൝ྍିჷބॖᄜളିჷ֥ؿჷᇏႵ70%ၛഈটሱႿӁြࢲܒބӁࢲܒטح֩[51],ՖطཌྷܱᆟҦaمܿൌീིݔ֥ࡓܵ۷ᆜ,ཌྷ֒ႿࡨஆCO2ჿ 10tC[b47]ႮႿֻӁࡆႵᅣॖ࿖;Ֆޡܴഈᇅק۷ࡆކ֥ିჷཨٮᅞြ֥ֆ໊Ӂᆴିݻ၂ϮᆺႵֻؽӁြ֥25%ቐބӁြؿᅚᆟҦ,ࡆնؓିჷषؿބ০Ⴈ֥ޡܴႷ[48],ၹՎᄝࣂު֥Ӂြࢲܒטᆜᇏߎႋ࿃ൡט॥৯؇;ႄ֝ᇏݓ֥ିჷളӁބႨିఒြཟߌЌ֒ؿᅚ֮ିݻֻ֥Ӂြ,ᇯ҄ิۚඌૡࠢބࢫିٚཟؿᅚ,ᄝᆟҦഈႋႪ༵ؿᅚߌིၭཁᇷᆩ്ૡࠢӁြ֥б২,Ӂြࢲܒ֤ၛ҂؎Ⴊ֥ఒြ;ᆦӻᄝሧჷႪ൝ֹषؿ০Ⴈဝିaڄ߄,ࡨഒؓିჷ֥ཨݻbՎຓ,ᄝ۽ြࢲܒଽ,҆ႋିaֹಣି֩ྍିჷބॖᄜളିჷ,ᄝ৫مഈູྍܝৣؿᅚሰa၄ူ֩ିݻ֮aڸࡆᆴ֥ۚӁြ,ؓିჷބॖᄜളିჷ֥षؿބ০Ⴈิ܂Ќᅰ,ѩᄝཌྷႿးࣁa߄۽aࡹҋ֩ۚݻିఒြ,ေؿᅚൡ؇ܿଆܱҍᆟaඥ൬ބࣁವᆟҦഈ۳Ⴭౠོ,ࡆॹఃӁြࣜႏ,ؓႿ҆ٳಙࢠᇗ֥ཬఒြေൌྛܱ๔ѩ߄҄قbሇ,ൈᄝᆃུିݻࢠ֥ۚఒြᇏ,ܝৣཌྷܱࢫି2)ᄝିჷඌࣉ҄ٚ૫bႋᇯ҄ࡆնؓӁ֥षؿ,טᆜӁࢲܒཟۚڸࡆᆴބധࡆ۽۽ြaᄎൻaࡹᇽ֩۲ਵთཌྷܱିჷඌषؿ֥॓
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