ֻ17जֻ3௹计算机集成制造系统୍3ᄅ໓ᅣщݼ:1006-5911(2011)03-0458-11ᄉᇅᄯࠣཌྷܱ༵ࣉᇅᄯଆൔٳ༅ᅦ ਡ1,2,અႥਊ1,2+,ٓ໓߰3,ศ ٦1,2, 1,2(1.Кࣘݴॢݴ฿ն࿐ሱ߄॓࿐აగ۽ӱ࿐ჽ,Кࣘ 100191;2.Кࣘݴॢݴ฿ն࿐گᄖӁ༵ࣉᇅᄯ༢࢝ტ҆۽ӱ࣮ᇏྏ,Кࣘ 100191;3.ౢն࿐ݓࡅCIMS۽ӱඌ࣮ᇏྏ,Кࣘ 100084)ᅋ ေ:ູ۷ಆ૫ֹࢳᄉᇅᄯაགྷႵ༵ࣉᇅᄯଆൔᆭࡗ֥ܱ༢,ᆌؓૹࢮᇅᄯaຩ߄ᇅᄯބ૫ཟڛༀᇅᄯ֩ࠫᇕׅଆൔ,ؓఃۀaิԛ֥М࣮ࣟࠣؿᅚགྷሑࣉྛਔ༢ٳ༅bᄝՎࠎԤഈ,ՖބႋႨଆൔ֩࢘؇བྷ༥ӂඍਔᄉᇅᄯაᆃུଆൔᆭࡗ֥৳༢აљ,ૼಒਔᄉᇅᄯ֥หׄބଽݤ,ᆷԛ:ᄉᇅᄯၛൌགྷૹࢮ߄aڛༀ߄aੳ߄aᇆି߄ູଢѓ,൞ຩ߄ᇅᄯ֥၂ᇕྍؿᅚ,൞૫ཟڛༀᇅᄯ֥ऎุุགྷbܱՍ:ᄉᇅᄯ;ᇅᄯြྐ༏߄;ᇅᄯଆൔ;ᇅᄯڛༀ;ᄉ࠹ෘᇏٳোݼ:TP391 ໓ངѓᆽ:AAnalysesofcloudmanufacturingandrelatedadvancedmanufacturingmodelsZHANGLin1,2,LUOYong liang1,2+,FANW1,2en hu3i,TAOFei,RENL1,2ei(&ElectricalEngineering,BeihangUniversity,Beijing100191,China;,MinistryofEducation,BeihangUniversity,Beijing100191,China;,TsinghuaUniversity,Beijing100084,China)Abstract:InordertocomprehensivelyunderstandrelationshipbetweenCloudManufacturing(CMfg)andexistingmanufacturingmodels,concepts,backgrounds,andstate of the artofseveraltypicalmodelsrelatedtoCMfgweresystematicallyanalyzed,suchasagilemanufacturing,,relationsanddifferenceswerediscussedbetweenCMfgandexistingmodelsfromphilosophyperspec ,itwaspointedoutthatCMfgaimstoachieveagile,service oriented,greenandintelligentmanufacturing,itwasanewphaseofnetworkedmanu facturing,andwasmaterializationofservice :cloudmanufacturing;manufacturinginformatization;manufacturingmodel;manufacturingservices;cloudcomputing1 ໙ี֥ิԛྙӮਔ၂Ⴕսіྟބ႕ཙ৯֥ᇅᄯଆൔࠣཌྷܱඌุ༢,ѩࣉྛਔӮۿ֥ႋႨܼbೂ20ൗࡀ80ಆ౯ࣜ࠶֥ॹؿᅚაᄹӉଆൔ֥ധख़э,۪௧୍ս႕ཙಆ౯ᇅᄯြ֥ರЧ پโളӁ ଆൔ!!!్ࣚေݓࡆॹӁြࢲܒטᆜބؿᅚٚൔ֥ሇэbᇅၭളӁ,90୍սૅݓࠣ҆ٳᇝݓࡅิԛ֥ૹࢮᇅᄯြྐ༏߄൞ݓࡅ۽ြؿᅚ֥৯,္൞֒భ ਆᄯ(agilemanufacturing)aຩ߄ᇅᄯ(networked߄ ವކ֥ܱ,ࡼᇅᄯඌaሱ߄ඌaགྷսܵmanufacturing)֩ଆൔb୍࣍ট,૫ཟڛༀ֥ᇅᄯඌაྐ༏ඌࣉྛವކ,ڿఒြ֥ളӁaࣜႏބܵႄఏਔݓຓ࿐ඌࢸބ۽ြࢸ֥ܼܱٗᇿ,ׅսі,ࣉطิശఒြི֥ܵੱބሸކࣩᆚି৯bႵᇙЇളӁC Sourcin1]g(crowdsourin[g)a۽ြӁؿղݓࡅ֥ᇅᄯြྐ༏߄ؿᅚᇔሼᄝభਙ,ڛༀ༢(IndustrialProductServiceSystem,൬۠ರ௹:2011 03 .ࠎࣁཛଢ:ᇏနۚࠎЧ॓ြༀٮህཛሧࣁሧᇹཛଢ;ۚ֩࿐Ѱൖׄࠎࣁሧᇹཛଢ(20101102110009);ݓࡅ863࠹߃ሧᇹཛଢbFounda tionitems:ProjectsupportedbytheFundamentalResearchFundsfortheCentralUniversities,China,theResearchFundforDoctoralProgramofHigherEducation,China(),andtheNationalHigh &DProgram,China.
ֻ3௹ᅦ ਡ֩:ᄉᇅᄯࠣཌྷܱ༵ࣉᇅᄯଆൔٳ༅4592[2]IPS),ѩᄝൌ࠽ႋႨᇏ౼֤ਔԚ҄Ӯིbଢభ,ᇅᄯ֥ڛༀ߄aࠎႿᆩ്֥Էྍି৯,ၛՖ ϖ ֞၂ ,ݓ॓҆ࠣཌྷܱ҆་ࠣؓ۲োᇅᄯሧჷ֥ऊކაླྀି৯aؓߌ֥Ⴖ౼ݓຓ༵ࣉᇅᄯනམބඌ,षᅚਔၛ࠹ෘࠏࠢӮᇅݺ,ྟၘӮູܒӮఒြࣩᆚ৯֥ܱေބᇅᄯြᄯaѩྛ۽ӱaૹࢮᇅᄯބຩ߄ᇅᄯູ֩սі֥ᇅᄯྐ༏߄ؿᅚ֥൝bᄉᇅᄯ[3 8]ь൞ᄝᆃᇕྍ֥ླြྐ༏߄ཌྷܱඌ֥࣮აႋႨ,౼֤ਔཁᇷӮݔbބభခྐ༏ඌ֥౺༯,ࢹၘႵᇅᄯଆൔ֥1۳ԛਔ҂ൈ௹ຓࢸླaᇅᄯଆൔࠣཌྷܱᆦӪ༵ࣉหྟބӮݔ(ೂૹࢮ߄ᇅᄯaຩ߄ᇅᄯބඌ֥э߄,ѩّ႘ਔ ྐ༏ࠢӮ!ݖӱࠢӮ!ఒြࡗSOM)֩,ѩࠦ౼ਔ֒భݓຓᇅᄯြ֥ቋྍؿᅚනࠢӮ ֥ဆэݖӱbఃᇏఒြࡗࠢӮ൞གྷࢨ؍ᇅᄯြམ(ೂIPS2aླྀቔຩ(collaborativenetworked)aC ྐ༏߄࣮֥ᇗ,ׄᄝྐ༏ࠢӮބݖӱࠢӮ֥ࠎԤഈ,Sourcing)֩طӁള֥၂ᇕᇅᄯྍଆൔbЧ໓ᄝ఼ؓט๙ݖຩൌགྷሧჷ߸ࠢ,ࣉطॹཙႋ൧ӆbбაᄉᇅᄯཌྷܱ֥ࠫᇕׅ༵ࣉᇅᄯଆൔ֥ิԛМࢠׅ֥ଆൔႵૹࢮᇅᄯaຩ߄ᇅᄯބ૫ཟڛༀ֥ࣟaۀ࣮ࠣགྷሑࣉྛ݂ବބٳ༅֥ࠎԤഈ,ંඍᇅᄯ(Service OrientedManufacturing,SOM)֩bਔᄉᇅᄯაཌྷܱ༵ࣉᇅᄯଆൔ֥৳༢ބљb2 აᄉᇅᄯཌྷܱ֥༵ࣉᇅᄯଆൔ֥ྍᅞ!!!ૹࢮᇅᄯ[9 11]bቔູ၂ᇕྍ֥ᇅᄯଆൔ,ૹࢮᇅᄯ၂ࣜิԛ,ь֤֞ਔૅݓ۽ြࢸaᆟ2 1 ૹࢮᇅᄯکࠏܒބഠ߶۲ࢸದൖ֥ಪॖაᆦӻ,ѩޓॹӮູ1991୍ᄝૅݓݓ߶ބݓ֥ٝ҆ᆦӻ༯,ૅݓં࣮ބᇅᄯൌ֥ಣׄbಖط,҂֥࣮ᆀaቆݚն࿐(Lehighuniversity)ॏव(Lacocca)࣮෮ᆮࠣఒြ ؓૹࢮᇅᄯ ֥ଽݤթᄝ҂֥ࢳ,ೂі৳ކૅݓ13ࡅն܄ඳ,܋࣮щཿਔ∀21ൗࡀᇅ1෮ൕູࠫᇕऎսіྟ֥קၬbᄯఒြᅞ#Б,ۡھБۡᇏ൮Ցิԛਔᆒྖᇅᄯြі1 ૹࢮᇅᄯۀൈࡗิԛᆀނྏනམRickDove,,ૹࢮᇅᄯॖၛुቔ൞၂ᇕЇওቆᆮaۚ؇ඃބ࿐്ძѰ߄֥ದa༵ࣉ࠹ෘࠏԩඌ֥ࠢӮ,Ֆ1994~طఒြႵି৯ؓӻ࿃؟э֥ࣩᆚߌቓԛॹཙႋ,ѩିิ܂ડቀग़ླ֥ۚᇉਈӁ[9 12]ૹࢮᇅᄯ൞ູቆᆮބഡС۷ڶႵྟބਲࠃྟ,ࡼЇওඌaದჴބቆᆮᄝଽ֥෮ႵॖႨሧჷᆜ1996~1998BoothR,ChengKކ֞ሱಖླྀט֥৫༢ᇏ,Ֆط෪؋Ӂषؿᇛ௹ѩؓޅགྷ֥൧ӆࠏმቓԛॹཙႋ[13]ૹࢮᇅᄯ൞၂۱ྍ֥ളӁܵۀބᅽ,ఒြᄝಆ౯߄൧ӆᇏ֥ࣩᆚ৯ބ০ၭ౺༯,๙ݖHuang,Gunasekaran,1999~2002ؓॖᇗܒሧჷބቋࡄൌ֥ࠢӮิ܂Ⴈླ֥Ӂބڛༀ,Ֆطᄝэ߄֥൧ӆߌᇏࠆYusuf֩౼ࣩᆚႪ൝(؇a಼ྟaᇉਈaԷྍބࠆ০ି৯)[14 15]
460࠹ෘࠏࠢӮᇅᄯ༢ֻ17जྴఒြ(VirtualEnterprise,VE)൞ૹࢮᇅ1994,୍Ⴎૅݓૹࢮᇅᄯླྀ߶ఠ,࣍Ϥࡅ܄ඳބᄯଆൔ֥၂ᇕᇗေ֥ႋႨଆൔ,ᄝ࿐ඌࢸႵ҂֥ն࿐࣮ࠏܒࣼૹࢮᇅᄯ֥6۱ܱਵთࣉྛਔӫ໌,ೂྴቆᆮa৳ૐaૹࢮᇅᄯఒြ֩,ႮႿ࣮,ѩࣉྛਔൌ࠽ܼ[14]bఃۀཌྷ࣍,ᆃ҂ᄜٳb2)1995୍,ႇݓᅞሦ࿘ࡅѰൖؓႿྴఒြ֥ଽݤ,္Ⴕ҂֥ࢳ[16]:Ӯ৫ਔ ᇝૹࢮྟંฆ ,ᇶေሔሶૹࢮᇅᄯਵთ(1)ྴఒြᆷఒြᆺܱᇿఃऎႵނྏࣩᆚି֥భခؿᅚཟ,ૅݓݚն࿐ ৯֥ۿିြༀ,ࡼ٤ނྏြༀࣉྛྴ߄,๙ݖࢹᇹmanѰൖԛϱਔ႕ཙܼ֥ٗህᇷ!!!∀ૹࢮࣩᆚᆀຓ҆ሧჷটປӮ,Ֆطཙႋ؟эa҂ॖყҩ֥൧ބྴቆᆮ#,ؓૹࢮྟ༢aૹࢮࣩᆚࠣົ؇ଆӆ,႓֤൧ӆࠏმbӻھܴ֥ׄᇶေ൞ݓຓ֥၂ུ֩ᅚषਔ࣮[15,17,24]b࿐ᆀ,ೂRickDoveބ֩b3)1996~2000,୍ݓຓ༵ުᆦӻषᅚਔ؟۱ૹ(2)ྴఒြᆷ֒൧ӆԛགྷྍࠏმൈ,҂܄ඳࢮᇅᄯ֥࣮ཛଢ,ೂૅݓݓࡅ۽ြྐ༏༢ุ༢ູਔ܋֥ࣩᆚଢѓ,ၛຩູࠎԤ෮ቆӮ֥ਢൈࢲܒླྀၰཛଢaج!ૅྴᇅᄯຩཛଢaᇝྐ༏ྟ৳ૐbྴఒြ܋քӮЧa০ބڄག,ՖطඌؿᅞཛଢaರЧ ᇆିᇅᄯ༢ ݓ࠽࣮࠹ૹࢮֹሂᇾ൧ӆࠏმ,ѩ৳ૐෛༀࢲඏط߃,࣮֩ਔᆦӻૹࢮఒြᄎྛ֥ཌྷܱିඌaഅෛᆭࢳbགྷႵ֥࣮؟ඔ൞ՖՎ൪࣮࢘ྴఒြᄎྛࠎԤࡏܒ,ѩषؿਔᆦӻླྀഡ࠹aषؿ֥ྐြ,ݓଽཌྷ္ܱ࣮ᇶေࠢᇏᄝުᆀ,ೂᅦണളaྷ༏ࠢӮ[18 25]bཫ٦֩नՖھ൪࢘ࣉྛਔ࣮[17 19]b4)୍࣍ট,ླྀቔຩቔູૹࢮᇅᄯ֥ؿᅚ,౼֤ླྀቔຩቔູྴఒြ֥ധ߄ބࣉ၂҄ؿᅚ,ਔྸ؟ӮݔbೂᇝEcoleadཛଢܒࡹਔႮ15۱္൞ૹࢮᇅᄯྍࢨ؍֥ׅսіbླྀቔຩ[20 22]ݓࡅ֥28۱ֆ໊ቆӮ֥ླྀቔቆᆮຩ[26 27]b໓ངႮᄝ҂۽ቔߌa໓߄Мࣟ༯ࠣ҂ଢѓ֥ቆᆮ[26]ิԛਔ૫ཟᇏཬఒြ֥ླྀቔຩٳྙܵॿބದܒӮ,ҕა֥ቆᆮބದऎႵሱᇍྟۚaٳܼ҃aࡏ,ѩࢲކӁᇅᄯݖӱ࣮ਔٳྙܵ༢֥ൌো؟ဢ֩หׄ,Ӯჴᆭࡗ๙ݖ࠹ෘࠏຩࣉྛྐགྷٚمb໓ང[27]ሹࢲٳ༅ਔ֒భླྀቔຩଆൔა༏֥ࢌ,ቋᇔ๙ݖླྀቔটൌགྷ܋ࠇ࡙ಸ֥ଢѓbఃཌྷ࣍ଆൔ֥љ,ೂླྀטຩaކቔຩ֩bླྀቔຩᇶေՖఒြቆᆮଆൔ࢘؇ԛؿ,ᆌؓᇏཬ(2)ݓଽܱႿૹࢮᇅᄯ֥࣮ఏ҄Ⴟഈൗࡀ90ᇅᄯఒြູཙႋ൧ӆླ,ຶಡӁ֥ಆളଁ୍սᇏު௹,ݓࡅ863࠹߃aݓࡅሱಖ॓࿐ࠎࣁ֩ᇛ௹ݖӱ۲ࢨ؍,ࣉྛቆᆮଽ۲োሧჷ(Їওದ৯a༵ުሧᇹਔᆃٚ૫֥࣮,ᄝં࣮ਵთ౼֤ਔᇅᄯഡС)֥֩၂ٳაט؇,๙ݖຩ෮ྙӮ֥၂קӮݔ,ႋႨൌࢠഒb࣮Ӯݔุགྷᄝ:ऎႵࣩᆚ৯֥ቆᆮᇶุ!!!ླྀቔຩቆᆮ,ࣉطൌ1)1996,୍ഈݚࢌ๙ն࿐ᅦണളيၲؿіਔགྷҕაӮჴ֥ڄགބ০ၭ܋ӵք,ᇶေЇݣਆᇕRickDove֥∀ૹࢮఒြ#၂,ؓݓ ૹࢮᇅᄯ ൌགྷٚൔ[23]:∃૫ཟླ֥ਢൈቆᆮ৳ૐ(ೂྴބ ྴఒြ Ӂളਔࢠն֥႕ཙ,ھࣼૹࢮఒြఒြaྴቆᆮ)֩;%૫ཟӉ௹ଢѓ֥ᅞ৳ૐ,ೂۀaૹࢮྟࡎaቆᆮࢲܒაഡ࠹֩ٚ૫ቓਔಆ૫ྴቆᆮᄜളߌ(VirtualorgnizationBreedingབྷ༥֥ӂඍ[17 18]bEnvironment,VBE)aህြྴഠ(Professional2)90୍սᇏ௹,ܱႿૹࢮᇅᄯ֥࣮ᇶေҧᇗVirtualCommunity,PVC)֩,ᆷҕაӮჴູਔ܋Ⴟఒြቆᆮࢲܒaૹࢮᇅᄯۀaႏཧଆൔ֩ٚ૫b֥০ၭଢѓ෮ྙӮ֥Ӊ௹ކቔܱ༢bೂᅦࢱa۴֩ದಪ,ູૹࢮఒြऎႵቆᆮࢲܒыؓႿૹࢮᇅᄯ,ݓଽຓࣉྛਔ࣮ѩ౼֤ਔ߄aቆᆮܿଆཬ߄aቆᆮ۬अٳಃ߄aቆᆮྙൔޓ؟Ӯݔ:ຩ߄֩หᆘ;ဗᢞaโჭ֩ದิԛਔૹࢮᇅᄯఒ(1)ᄝݓຓ,ሱ1991୍ૹࢮᇅᄯิԛၛট,၂ᆰြކቔߌ༯֥ఒြᇿҨսଆ[28 30]b൳֞۲ݓ۽ြࢸࠣ࿐ඌࢸ֥ܼܱٗᇿ,ѩՖ҂֥3)90୍սު௹,ૹࢮᇅᄯં֥ᇯࡶӮඃࠣཌྷ࢘؇ᅚषਔ࣮bุགྷᄝ:ܱྐ༏๙ྐඌ֥ॹؿᅚ,֤ૹࢮᇅᄯႵਔ۷1)1992,୍ૅݓݓ࣮ٝ҆ۚࠩ෮ބૅݓݓࡅࣉ၂֥҄ؿᅚ,ᄝૹࢮᇅᄯ֥ିඌࠣૹࢮᇅᄯሱಖ॓࿐ࠎࣁ߶ᄝݚն࿐Ӯ৫ਔ ૹࢮྟંฆ ,֥ൌགྷٚم࣮֩ਵთႵਔ۷؟֥ӮݔbೂᅦണളᇶေՖ൙ૹࢮᇅᄯંࠣႋႨ֥࣮აٳ༅[9]b֩ิԛਔൌགྷૹࢮ߄֥ϖཛ۽ऎࠢ,ݓୡ֩࿐ᆀ
ֻ3௹ᅦ ਡ֩:ᄉᇅᄯࠣཌྷܱ༵ࣉᇅᄯଆൔٳ༅461ಪູॖၛ๙ݖૹࢮᇅᄯൌീ֥܂ႋ৽ކቔa༢ਙ߄۬[6,43 44]๙ݖࢲކຩ۬ඌaྐ༏ඌa࠹ෘࠏބ༵ᇅᄯކቔބᇆିކቔࠩҪՑ֥ླྀቔটൌགྷఒြૹࣉܵ֩ඌ,ൌགྷֹഈٳ֥࠹ෘሧჷ֥ಆ૫ࢮྟ[19,31 33]b৵๙,ѩؓሧჷࣉྛڛༀ߄ٿልބࠢӮ,Ֆطзሧ4)୍࣍ট,ݓଽܱႿૹࢮᇅᄯᇭ؟ٚཟᇏ,ᆌؓჷ֥ၳܒྟބֹٳ҃ྟ,ၛૼ֥ٚൔູႨิྴఒြ֥࣮൞ቋ؟,֥ᇶေЇওྴఒြ֥ቆ܂ཌྷܱڛༀ,ᄝቋնӱ؇ഈൌགྷഡ࠹aྐ༏aඌ֩ᆮܵaކቔࠄϴ࿊ᄴa൬ၭٳ֩[34 36]b۲োሧჷ֥܋ཚ,ၛࠣླྀᇅᄯݖӱᇏੀaྐ༏2 2 ຩ߄ᇅᄯੀaࡎᆴੀ֥Ⴊ߄ᄎྛbܱႿᇅᄯຩ֥࣮۬,ଢభ2 2 1 网络化制造的定义ᇶေҧᇗႿં࣮,طఒြൌ࠽ႋႨࢠഒbຩ߄ᇅᄯ൞ૹࢮᇅᄯ֩ଆൔ֥࿃ބؿᅚ,ASPቔູITႋႨڛༀ֥၂ᇕྍଆൔ,൞ITຓૹࢮᇅᄯᄻФಪູ൞ຩ߄ᇅᄯଆൔනམ֥ԠྙbЇڛༀ֥ؿᅚbᆃ၂ۀቋᄪႮૅݓႿ1998୍ᆌෛሢྐ༏ඌބຩඌ֥ॹؿᅚ,หљ൞Webؓᇏཬఒြ֥ܒࡹނྏြༀބࢆ֮ྐ༏߄ӮЧ֥ླඌ֥ԛགྷ,֤ຩ߄ᇅᄯФڮჍਔ҂֥ݣၬ,෮ิԛbIDCሦ࿘܄ඳࡼASPקၬ[45 48]ູ: ՖՖطԛགྷਔ၂༢ਙྍ֥ۀބනམbܱႿຩ߄ᇅ၂۱ࠢᇏ֥ܵቆᆮᇏิ౼ႋႨ҆ඇa܂ႋaܵၛᄯଢభႵޓ؟აఃۀཌྷ֥࣍ิم,োර֥ႵࠎႿࠣؓႋႨڛༀ֥ఔჿൔڛༀ,ѩᄝ܋దඇຓЇླྀ৳ຩ֥ᇅᄯ(Internet basedmanufacturing)aಆၰ֥ࠎԤഈ,ఒြࡼః҆ٳࠇಆ҆ੀӱြༀກ۳౯ᇅᄯ(globalmanufacturing)aሰ߄ᇅᄯ(e ڛༀഅܵ,ڛༀഅ҂ࣇಒЌြༀੀӱ֥ᆞӈᄎ,ྛmanufacturing)֩bᇀࣂؓຩ߄ᇅᄯۀഉߎڵᄳႋႨӱ֥ົაശࠩ,ѩ๙ݖຩൌགྷڛૼಒa၂֥קၬb༯૫Ֆ༮ၬބܼၬਆ۱࢘؇টༀ֥ࢌࠣႨႨb ຩ߄ᇅᄯଆൔᄝൌ࠽ႋႨඪૼؓຩ߄ᇅᄯ֥҂ࢳ[37 41]bᇏ,ᇅᄯఒြᄝ০Ⴈ܄܋ASPڛༀิ܂֥۲ো(1)狭义定义 ຩ߄ᇅᄯ൞ᆷ০Ⴈ࠹ෘࠏຩႋႨೈࡱ֥ൈ,ຶಡఒြሱദြༀषᅚਔ၂༢ਙඌൌགྷᇅᄯሧჷᆜކࠣᇅᄯݖӱຩ߄֥၂ᇕᆦӻఒြྐ༏߄֥ႋႨ,ೂग़ܱ༢ܵ(Custom ᇅᄯଆൔbೂᇗ౩ն࿐ਾ٦֩ದิԛ֥ຩ߄ᇅᄯerRelationshipManagement,CRM)a܂ႋ৽ܵᇏ ֥ཬᇅᄯ ۀ,ᆃᇕ༮ၬۀᇶေᆷ๙ݖຩ(SupplyChainManagement,SCM)aఒြሧჷܿ߃ඌൌགྷٳ҃ሧჷ֥ྐ༏܋ཚ,ѩିܔൌགྷളӁ(EnterpriseResourcePlanning,ERP)༢,֩Ⴊ߄ᇅᄯݖӱᇏഡСᆭࡗ֥ྐ༏ࢌࠇ൞აఒြຓ֥҆ਔఒြሧჷᇂ,ิۚਔఒြ֥ളӁބིܵੱ,Ֆ๙ྐbط֤ႋႨASPӮູຩ߄ᇅᄯ֥၂ᇕቋׅ֥(2)广义定义 ຩ߄ᇅᄯ൞ᆷఒြູൌགྷॹႋႨଆൔbASPཌྷܱ࣮ᄝݓఏ҄ࢠພ,ᇶေཙႋ൧ӆླބิࣩۚᆚ৯,ၛྐ༏ඌބຩ൞ᄝุ༢ࡏܒaଆൔંࠣ൫ဒဒᆣ֩ٚ૫ࣉྛਔඌູࠎԤ,ᄝӁಆളଁᇛ௹۲۱ࢨ؍ᇅᄯࠃ࣮,ѩᄝ҆ٳITڛༀิ܂ӌഅࣉྛਔႋႨฐ෬,ᇏടࠣᇅᄯඌބᇅᄯ༢֥ሹӫbᆃᇕܼၬקၬೂႨႶa९֩ೈࡱิ܂അb఼ט֥൞၂ᇕᇅᄯ,ऎႵپڶ֥ଽݤbఃᇏ2 2 2 网络化制造的研究现状ຩඌᆷ֥൞၂ᇕܼၬ֥ຩ,ೂInternet,In (1)国外研究现状 ຩ߄ᇅᄯᄝ90୍սᇏ௹tranet,Extranet֩bᆃ֥ᇅᄯᄵ൞ նᇅᄯ ֥Ӂളѩؿᅚ,ᄝૅaರ֩ؿղݓࡅषᅚਔնਈ֥ۀ,ఃࠃടࠣӁಆളଁᇛ௹۲ࢨ؍ᇅᄯࠃაຩ߄ᇅᄯඌཌྷܱ֥࣮ൌ,ѩ౼֤ਔ၂༢ࠣఒြࣜႏಆݖӱbਙӮݔ,ᇶေุགྷᄝၛ༯ࠫٚ૫:Ч໓ؓຩ߄ᇅᄯ֥ࢳࡼՖܼၬקၬ൪࢘ট1)国家计划方面[49 52] 1998୍,ᇝ৳ૐ܄҃ॉ੮,ݓଽ࿐ᆀܱႿຩ߄ᇅᄯ္֥࣮؟ඔࠎႿਔ ֻॿࡏ࠹߃(1998~2002) ,ଢѓ൞ູ৳ૐଽھ൪࢘ᅚष,ᄝຩ߄ᇅᄯႋႨൌീݖӱᇏ,ࢠׅ۲۱ݓࡅఒြิ܂ሧჷڛༀ܋ཚ֥၂ࠎԤ,֥ႋႨଆൔႵᇅᄯຩ۬(MGrid)aႋႨڛༀิ܂അ2002୍ᄝՎࠎԤഈ,Ⴛ܄҃ਔ ֻੂॿࡏ࠹߃(2002(ApplicationServiceProvier,ASP)b~2006) ,ࣉ၂࣮҄๙ݖຩඌڿ৳ૐଽఒຩ۬ඌ[42]֥ԛགྷູ๙ݖຩൌགྷٳ࠹ෘြᆭࡗ֥ླྀቔაࠢӮࠏᇅ;1999,୍ݢݓൌീ ֥ຩሧჷ֥܋ཚაႪ߄ᇂิ܂ਔॖି,ൈ္՜ࣉਔ߄ݢݓ21ൗࡀ ࠹߃,ଢѓູܒࡹᆩ്ࣜ࠶ൈսᇅᄯြཟຩ߄aڛༀ߄֥ٚཟؿᅚbᇅᄯຩ֥ࠎЧॿࡏ;֣ݓProduction2000ཛଢ࣮ࡹ৫ਔ
462࠹ෘࠏࠢӮᇅᄯ༢ֻ17जಆ౯߄֥Ӂഡ࠹აᇅᄯሧჷྐ༏ڛༀຩbᄝᇅᄯۀ;ౢն࿐ٓზඨaᇗ౩ն࿐ਾ٦֩۳ԛਔຩຩ࣮۬ਵთᇏ,ೂૅݓݓࡅݴॢݴ฿अ(National߄ᇅᄯ֥קၬaଽݤหᆘ֥ܿٓაࢸק;ഈݚն࿐ᆢAeronauticsandSpaceAdministration,NASA)ބ߈ਊaᆄࡾն࿐ܤྍࡹ֩བྷ༥ӂඍਔᇅᄯຩ֥۬ۀૅݓݓࡅሱಖ॓࿐ࠎࣁ߶(NationalScienceFoun aؿᅚླྀၰބѓሙ֩໙ีbdation,NSF)֥৳ކ࣮࠹߃֥IPG(information2)运行模式研究方面[45 46,48] ౢն࿐โჭpowergrid)ཛଢ֩b࣮ਔࠎႿASPଆൔ֥ຩ߄ᇅᄯܱඌ2)学术研究方面[49,52] ૅݓࡆᇜն࿐ѵक़০ࠣൌགྷٚσ;༆К۽ြն࿐ဗݚӮ࣮֩ਔ૫ཟᇏٳࠢӮᇅᄯൌဒ൩֥CyberCutཛଢषؿਔࠎႿཬఒြ֥ASPႋႨڛༀ֥ۀaႋႨଆൔ;֩ຩ֥ഡ࠹აᇅᄯ༢;ႇݓࡴూն࿐ ؓಆ౯ᇅᄯᇜ۽ြն࿐྆౩ള֩ٳ༅ਔࠎႿASPଆൔ֥ຩྴຩ ࣉྛਔ࣮;ૅݓථฌڞն࿐aઐസ۽߄ᇅᄯࠎЧหᆘb࿐ჽ֩ᆌؓᇅᄯݖӱ֥ຩ߄ླྀഡ࠹ࣉྛਔնਈ3)关键技术研究方面[6,43,53,57 59] ᇏ॓ն֥࣮b࿐ဗർሰჽൖ֩ؓࠎႿAgent֥ຩ߄ᇅᄯႵܱ3)企业应用方面[6,53 55] ૅݓ๙Ⴈఖ܄ඳࡹંაඌࣉྛਔ࣮;ౢն࿐֩15ࡅֆ໊ҕ৫ਔ ࠹ෘࠏڣᇹᇅᄯຩ(CAMnet) ,๙ݖຩაaႮᅦਡᇶӻؿ֥ݓଽ൮۱ຩ߄ᇅᄯ༢ิ܂؟ᇕᇅᄯᆦӪڛༀ;ૅݓѯၻ܄ඳ০Ⴈຩཌྷ!!! གྷսࠢӮᇅᄯ༢ຩ(CIMSNET) ,۾ܱඌ,ൌགྷਔѯၻ777ग़ࠏഡ࠹ᇅᄯݖӱ֥क़ਔ၂ܱඌ;༆ଲࢌ๙ն࿐ਟڏaᆄࡾն࿐ᆼ߄;FORDaૅᇝГ֩ݓ࠽ᇷ܄ඳ္ᄻӇ൫Ⴈᆢཬਟ֩ؓࠎႿASP֥თຩ߄ᇅᄯཌྷܱຩ۬ඌࣉྛచӚa٦ࠏ֩گᄖӁ֥ഡ࠹აٟᆇaંބൌགྷඌࣉྛਔ࣮;ᆄࡾն࿐ݓୡ࣮ݚਈ࠹ෘ֩bਔຩ߄ᇅᄯߌᇏ֥ఒြࡹଆaնܿଆקᇅ֩(2)国内研究现状 ᄝݓ,Ֆ90୍սଌ,ຩඌ;ݴ฿ؽჽѵჽൖ֩ิԛਔ၂ᇕྍ֥ٳ҃߄ᇅᄯषႄఏᆟکa࿐ඌࢸაఒြ֥ࠞնܱᇿ,ѩᄝླྀٟᆇ༢!!!ٟᆇຩ,۬ѩᄝଖگᄖӁᇅޓ؟ܱඌਵთ౼֤ਔཁᇷࣉᅚაbᄝ ࣴᇏ֤֞ႋႨ;תն࿐བྼؓᇅᄯຩ֥۬ࠎЧ a a ၂ ௹ࡗ,ݓࡅ863࠹߃aݓࡅሱಖ॓ંބൌགྷඌ࣮֩ٚཟቓਔധೆ࣮b࿐ࠎࣁࠣݓࡅ॓۾ܱ࠹߃༵֩ުᆦӻਔ၂ཌྷܱՎຓ,ෛሢຩ߄ᇅᄯཌྷܱં࣮֥ധೆა࣮ज़,ี౼֤ਔྸ؟Ⴕࡎᆴ֥Ӯݔ,ᇶေೂ༯:ඌൌീٚσ֥ᇯࡶӮඃ,ԛགྷਔ၂ࢠູӮۿ֥1)概念a内涵研究方面[40,49 52,56] ཐۖ۽նຩ߄ᇅᄯ,หљ൞ࠎႿASP֥ຩ߄ᇅᄯଆ࿐ћิԛਔ ٳຩ߄ᇅᄯ(DNM) ۀ;ഈൔᄝൌ࠽ႋႨᇏ౼֤ਔਅݺི֥ݔ,і2ਙईਔࠫݚࢌ๙ն࿐ᵻᠯิԛਔ ඔሳ߄ބຩ߄ᇅᄯ ֥۱ׅASPႋႨڛༀۿିྐ༏bі2 ׅASPۿିࢺക[45 48]ۿିࡥࢺඹԫࠎႿASP֥ຩ߄ᇅᄯൌགྷਔٳ҃ೈࡱሧჷ֥ࠢӮބ܋ཚaᇅᄯഡСሧჷ֥Ⴊ߄ᇂ,ᇅᄯӁြ৽ླྀቔ,ѩ๙ݖྐ༏ა()ඌڛༀᇏྏটູႨิ܂ህြ߄Ӂބඌሦ࿘ڛༀᇗ౩ᇅᄯြྐ༏߄ASP๙ݖInternetູఒြิ܂ᇅᄯြྐ༏߄ႋႨڛༀ,ᇶေЇওຩٳཧܵaླྀ܂ႋ৽ܵaຩ()߄ླྀ۽ቔაೈࡱሧჷ܋ཚ֩ۿି,ѩᄝଉກӚྛြࣉྛਔႋႨᆄࡾകྖ١ᆮြຩ߄ᇅᄯASP܄܋ᇶေູ١თ֥۲োఒြิ܂֮ӮЧ,ಆ໊֥ٚህြ١ᆮྐ༏aඌaഅༀބܵڛༀbڛༀ()ۿିᇶေٳູඹaඹ९ႨႶ֥९ຩᇶေູఒြิ܂ᄝཌ֥ႏཧაܵڛༀ,ೂྐ༏ؿ҃aඔऌກܵࠣ۲ᇕഅༀೈࡱ֥ᄝཌႨ()֩ۿି,གྷၘࡼԮ֥ASPڛༀശູࠩSaaS2 3 ૫ཟڛༀ֥ᇅᄯ֥࣍ิم,ೂӁڛༀ߄aӁᄹᆴڛༀ,֩ఃᇏቋऎ୍࣍ট,ູડቀႨؓۚඌӁಆളଁᇛ௹ڛսіྟބ႕ཙ৯֥Ⴕ۽ြӁڛༀ༢ބᇙЇളӁbༀླࠣఒြࠆ֤ᄹᆴڛༀ֥ླေ,૫ཟڛༀ֥ᇅᄯ2 3 1 面向服务的制造的定义ቔູ၂ᇕྍ֥ᇅᄯؿᅚ,ѩԛགྷਔ၂༢ਙཌྷ۽ြӁڛༀ༢൞ᄝӁڛༀ༢(Product
ֻ3௹ᅦ ਡ֩:ᄉᇅᄯࠣཌྷܱ༵ࣉᇅᄯଆൔٳ༅463[60]ServiceSystem,PSS)ࠎԤഈิԛ,֥2005୍,ᇙЇളӁଆൔሱิԛၛট,ьႄఏြࢸޛ,ѩHorstMeier֩ದ۳ԛਔIPS2֥קၬ[2,61]:ಪູᄝൌᇏ֤֞ਔဒᆣbଢభ,ݓຓྸ؟ఒြ༵IPS2൞ᇶေᆌؓഅြਵთ֥ႋႨ,൞၂ᇕିܔડቀުӮ৫ਔ۲ሱਵთ ֥ᇙЇഠ ,ѩ౼֤ਔऍն֥ᆩ്ࠢӮ֥ഠ߶߄॓༢,ൌགྷཌྷ၇ঠaཌྷቔӮۿ,Фಪູ൞ໃটഅြଆൔaളӁଆൔ֥ׅٓbೂႨ֥Ӂބڛༀ֥ۚ؇ࠢӮ,Ⴈିܔҕა֞ᆃૅݓᄀ့ӚᇅᄯӌLocal Motors,๙ݖຩഠᇕӁაڛༀ֥ࠢӮݖӱᇏ,๙ݖᆃᇕӁಆളଁൌགྷၛۄ༡նཬ֥۽ӌ,টࣉྛ۱ྟ߄చӚᇛ௹ݖӱ֥Ӂڛༀ܋ཚ,֤Ⴈି۷؟ܱᇿః֥ഡ࠹aളӁaቆልࠣࢌڱ֩bЏࢱ܄ඳ ֥Էྍᇏނྏ֥ြༀ,ࣉطԷᄯ۷؟֥ࡎᆴ,ࠧӁڛༀิ܂ྏ ,൞Ⴎ14ຣ॓࿐ࡅቆӮ֥ຩഠ,ၛՎটࢳᆀაႨᆀ ֥ච႓ bIPS2ᇶေ఼טਔࠢӮݖӱथଽ҆෮ԛགྷ֥ၐ໙ี,ѩ۳ࢳथ໙ี֥॓࿐ࡅᇏӁაڛༀ֥ཌྷቔႨaཌྷ၇ঠܱ༢,Ӂაڛᆦڱ၂ק֥Бԏbༀቔູ၂۱ࠢӮ߄֥ᆜุิ܂۳ႨbؓӁڛༀ(2)国内研究现状֥ิ܂ᆀটඪ,ᄝܱᇿӁЧദᇉਈ֥ൈ,ߎླေݓଽܱႿPSSބIPS2֥ཌྷܱ࣮ࢠഒ,ᇶေॉ੮ႨؓӁุ֥ဒིݔ,๙ݖູႨิ܂ۚᇉႵ༆νࢌ๙ն࿐ࡾდބᆄࡾն࿐ܤྍࡹ֩ದ֥ਈ֥Ӂڛༀ,ิശཨٮᆀᇑӴ؇,ࣉطषؿྍ֥൧࣮bೂ໓ང[65]ࢺകਔࠎႿӁڛༀ༢ੳ܂ႋӆॢࡗ,ѩ๙ݖႨ֥ԉٳҕა,টิۚӁԷྍି৽֥ܵંॿࡏ;໓ང[66]ٳ༅ਔ۲ᇕӁڛༀ৯bطؓႨটඪ,๙ݖህြ߄֥ڛༀ܋ཚ,ିॹ֥หׄބӁڛༀ༢ં,ၛࠣӁڛༀ༢܋་൬ۚඌݣਈӁ,ѩࢆ֮ሧЧೆ,Ֆطିఃྟ֥ܱඌ;໓ང[67]ิԛਔ၂ᇕࣉൔӁڛܱᇿނྏࣩᆚ৯,ડቀႨؓӁಆളଁᇛ௹ြༀༀ༢ܒࡹٚمb܋ཚླི֥ۚᆦӻbଢభ,ܱႿᇙЇ֥࣮ഉԩႿఏ҄ࢨ؍,ၘࣜ2006୍6ᄅ,JeffHoweᄝૅݓ∀৵ཌ#ᄖᆽᇏႄఏਔݓଽ࿐ඌࢸބఒြࢸ֥ྖ౿ބܱᇿ,ၘࣜႵ҆൮Ցิԛਔ ᇙЇ ֥ۀ,ႮՎ֏ളਔ၂ᇕྍ֥ളٳఒြᄝࣉྛฐ෬ྟӇ൫,ѩࡼᄝᄉᇅᄯଆൔ֥ႋႨӁቆᆮଆൔbൈ,Howe۳ԛਔᇙЇ֥קၬ[1]:ᇙൌീݖӱᇏ,ᇙЇളӁ֥࣮აఒြႋႨbЇ൞၂ᇕٳ҃ൔ֥໙ีࢳथބളӁଆൔ,໙ีࠇༀ๙ݖ৳ຩၛ܄ष֥ٚൔٳؿ۳ໃᆩ֥ࢳथٚσ3 ᄉᇅᄯაཌྷܱ༵ࣉᇅᄯଆൔ֥ܱ༢ิ܂ᆀ(ಕ)ุbᇙЇଆൔ൞ຓЇ(outsourcing)aष๙ݖؓഈඍ༵ࣉᇅᄯଆൔ֥ٳ༅აሹࢲॖၛुჷս(open sourcing)֩അြଆൔ֥ؿᅚބ࿃,ԛ,ૹࢮᇅᄯaຩ߄ᇅᄯa૫ཟڛༀ֥ᇅᄯ۷؟ุགྷ൞ؓԮఒြളӁٚൔ׀ڭྟ֥э,۪ϜԮഈႮ֥൞ބනམ;طྴఒြaླྀቔຩaᇅᄯຩ۬aఒြჴ۽ࠇຓ҆ࠏܒປӮ֥۽ቔ,๙ݖຓЇ֥ٚൔႋႨڛༀิ܂അa۽ြӁڛༀ༢ބᇙЇളӁ֩ᇅٳ۳၂۱ն֥ಕุࠇഠটປӮ,۽ቔЇওषؿᄯଆൔ,ᄵॖुቔഈඍ֥ႋႨଆൔބቆᆮٚൔ,ྍඌaປӮഡ࠹ༀaڿࣉ၂۱ෘمࠇؓݚਈඔऌႵཌྷؓࢠૼಒ֥ႋႨൌീٚσb༯૫ٳљՖᇅᄯࣉྛٳ༅֩[62]bᇙЇ০Ⴈ৳ຩࡼ۽ቔༀބ໙ބႋႨଆൔ࢘؇,ٳ༅ᄉᇅᄯაૹࢮᇅᄯaຩี܄षֹٳ۳ໃᆩࢳथٚσิ܂ᆀaؿགྷԷၩࠇ߄ᇅᄯބ૫ཟڛༀ֥ᇅᄯᆭࡗ֥৳༢აљbࢳथඌ໙ีbିܔԉٳ০Ⴈಕุᇆ֥߰ಪᆩაԷ3 1 ᄉᇅᄯაૹࢮᇅᄯᄯି৯,ൌགྷݚਈྐ༏֥ݖੲaٳ༅აԩି৯(ೂૹࢮᇅᄯ఼ט֥ૹࢮ߄൞ᄉᇅᄯ෮ሔ֥ௐࠏᇅ),ѩऎС၂ק֥ሧࣁᆜކି৯bଢѓᆭ၂,ᄉᇅᄯࢹᄉ࠹ෘ֩ቋྍ֥ྐ༏ඌ,ູ2 3 2 面向服务的制造的研究现状ൌགྷૹࢮ߄ิ܂ਔྍ֥൭؍bᄝഈ,ᄉᇅᄯሸ(1)国外研究现状ކਔૹࢮ߄aੳ߄a۱ྟ߄ބڛༀ߄֩නམ,ՖଢభܱႿӁڛༀ༢֥ཌྷܱ࣮ᇶေࠢᇏᄝႋႨଆൔაቆᆮൌീ࢘؇টඪ,ᄉᇅᄯაૹࢮᇅᄯݓຓ,ೂ໓ང[63]ᆌؓӁڛༀ༢ಆളଁᇛ௹ݖཌྷб္Ⴕ၂ק֥ҵၳbᆃࡼၛૹࢮᇅᄯ֥ਆ۱ׅӱᇏ֥ҕაᆀหྟࣉྛਔٳ༅,ѩิԛਔࠎႿႋႨଆൔ(ྴఒြaླྀቔຩ)ູ২,ٳ༅ᄉᇅᄯ؟ᇆିุ֥ҕაᆀଆ;໓ང[64]ٳ༅ਔIPS2ӻ࿃აૹࢮᇅᄯ֥љbࣉ߄ݖӱ(ContinuousImprovementProcess,CIP)ྴఒြაླྀቔຩ֥ނྏනམ൞ ৳ૐ ,๙֥ൌ࠽ླ,ѩิԛਔཌྷႋ֥CIP༢ॿࡏbݖܒࡹఒြࡗࠇఒြଽ ླྀቔ৳ૐ ,টॹཙႋຓ
464࠹ෘࠏࠢӮᇅᄯ༢ֻ17जࢸླ,Ֆطղ֞ิۚᇅᄯఒြૹࢮ߄֥ଢѓbఃഈࢃ,ᄉᇅᄯ൞ຩ߄ᇅᄯ֥၂ᇕྍ֥ྙ[3],Ⴎᇏྴఒြ఼טਔ ৳ૐ ෛༀطэ֥ྟ,ླྀႿವކѩҐႨਔᄉ࠹ෘa৳ຩaڛༀ࠹ෘ֩ඌބቔຩҧᇗࡹ৫ཌྷؓ໗ק֥ླྀቔຩቆᆮ,ѩႨࡏܒ,აᇅᄯຩ۬aASP֩Ԯຩ߄ᇅᄯཌྷб,Ⴕିܔԉٳҕაఃᇏbطᄉᇅᄯၛሧჷࠣି৯֥ο༷ૼ֥หׄބႪ൝bླႨູނྏ,๙ݖձࡹᆦӻݚਈሧჷ၂ܵࠣᇅᄯຩ఼۬טਔຩ۬ඌა༵ࣉᇅᄯඌࢲऎႵྟࡏܒ֥ᄉ,ିܔൌགྷᯒކaࣅᯒކ֩ކ,๙ݖܒࡹ၂ሧჷ܋ཚൌགྷٳሧჷ֥܋҂ྙൔ֥ླྀቔٚൔaܒࡹ҂ྙൔ֥৳ૐbᄉᇅཚ,ᇶေ൞หקਵთٓຶଽ֥ഡ࠹aٟᆇ֩ೈࡱሧᄯଆൔაభਆᆀ֥ҵљᇶေุགྷᄝၛ༯ࠫ۱ٚ૫:ჷ֥܋ཚbაᄉᇅᄯଆൔཌྷб,ᇅᄯຩ۬ഉໃടࠣ(1)平台开放性 ᄝྴఒြބླྀቔຩ֥ളӁaࡆ۽֩ނྏြༀ,ೂളӁࡆ۽ሧჷڛༀaܵᇏ,ఒြࣉೆ֥ჿඏ่ࡱࢠ؟,ೂֹ໊ᇂaࠢӮሧჷڛༀ,֩ѩಌكႵི֥അြᄎႏଆൔ,ଢఒြܿଆ֩,Ֆط֤ఃष٢ྟࢠ֮bطᄝᄉᇅᄯభܱႿᇅᄯຩ֥࣮۬؟ඔԩႿં࣮ࢨ؍,ીଆൔ༯,൞ۚ؇ष٢,֥ఒြିܔ๙ݖิ܂ᇅᄯႵྙӮႵི֥ఒြႋႨބܼbՎຓ,ᇅᄯຩ۬ބሧჷࠇᇅᄯି৯ሱႮԛೆ,ࢆ֮ఒြ֥ሙೆࡪ,ࣉᄉᇅᄯᄝ֥ܒࡹބᄎྛᆦӪඌٚ૫္Ⴕޓնطپڶਔᇏ֥ఒြሧჷ९,ॖၛູਲࠃܒᄯડ֥љ,ᇅᄯຩ۬ሧჷ܋ཚᇶေ൞ၛຩ۬ඌቀ҂ြༀླ֥ླྀቔ৳ૐิ܂ᆦӻbູᆦӪձࡹ֥,ຉ௪ࢲܒࢠູֆ၂,ಌكਲࠃ(2)协作联盟范围 ྴఒြބླྀቔຩ෮ܒࡹྟ,طᄉᇅᄯڛༀᄵၛᄉ࠹ෘඌູᆦӪ,ః֥৳ૐࠇቆᆮ֥ൡႋྟࢠҵ,ᆺିડቀႵཋఒြބ༢ࡏܒ۷ࡆਲࠃ,ഥ෪ྟބঔᅚྟ۷఼bҕა,ѩؓླྀቔݖӱᇏԛགྷэ߄ၹ(ೂြༀэ۷aఒᄉᇅᄯაASP֥љॖၛՖਆ۱ٚ૫ࣉྛٳြֆ໊ਢൈԛ)֥֩ႋэି৯҂ቀ,๙ݖᄉᇅᄯॖ༅ඪૼbঔն෮ܒࡹ৳ૐ֥ٓ,ຶೂҕაఒြඔਈॖ۴ऌြༀ(1)ASP与云计算֥ླᄹࡆ,ѩି۴ऌླྀቔݖӱླਲࠃэ۷৳ૐᇏᄉᇅᄯၛᄉ࠹ෘູނྏࠎԤࡏܒ,طԮASP֥ҕაఒြbᄉᇅᄯູՎิ܂ਔ఼ն֥ۿିᆦӻbაᄉ࠹ෘᄝඌҪ૫Ⴕሢૼཁ֥љbԮASP(3)资源种类及数量 ཌྷбૹࢮᇅᄯ,ႮႿᄉᇅᇶေ൞๙ݖຩൌགྷႋႨڛༀ(ೈࡱሧჷ)֥ກܵࠇᄯ֥ष٢ྟ۷ۚ,ҐႨਔ৳ຩaྐ༏༢ሿਧaሧჷྐ༏֥ؿ҃ބ෬,ၛࠣᇅᄯڛༀླྀܵ(Cyber PhysicalSystem,CPS)aྴ߄֩ሧჷۋ֩ۿିbෙಖᄉ࠹ෘᇏೈࡱࠧڛༀ(Softwareasᆩࢤೆඌ,֤ᇏऎႵپڶ֥ሧჷᇕোࠣݚaService,SaaS)ิ܂္֥ᇶေ൞ၛೈࡱሧჷູᇶ,ਈ֥ሧჷ,ູॹႋؓླܒࡹ҂৬؇֥৳ؽᆀᄝೈࡱิ܂ٚൔaሧჷႨٚൔࠣٮႨᆦԛૐุิ܂ਔሧჷࠎԤb֩ٚ૫,ಯթᄝሢޓն֥ҵၳ(ೂі3)b(4)业务过程经验和知识积累 ᄝᄉᇅᄯଆൔ༯,ߎ఼טਔؓఒြҕაြༀݖӱࣜဒބᆩ്֥ࠒі3 ASPაSaaSбࢠ[67 68]ႋႨଆൔ,๙ݖᆃᇕࠒބ܋ཚ,֤ఒြࡗିܔྙӮӻࣲหᆘбࢠ֥ླྀቔܱ༢ႋႨڛༀิ܂അ(ASP)ೈࡱࠧڛༀ(SaaS),ѩᄝቆࡹ৳ૐุൈ,Ⴊ߄৳ૐҕაఒြބཌྷܱሧჷ֥ᇂ,ູ۴ऌླࡹ৫ቋႪ৳ૐุิೈࡱิ܂ٚൔֆሿ(၂ؓ၂)؟ሿ(؟ؓ၂)܂ᆦӻbඔऌ९؟ඔऌ९ֆሿਧֆඔऌ९؟ሿਧሧჷႨٚൔೈࡱႥࣲྸॖ,႗ࡱሿਧೈࡱބ႗ࡱ֥؟ሿਧ(5)涉及业务范围 ᄝᄉᇅᄯଆൔ༯,ႮႿᇏఒြඔਈ؟ิ܂֥ሧჷᇕোپڶ,Ⴍః൞ൌགྷਔٮႨᆦԛӮЧބᄎႏٮႨᄎႏٮႨᇅᄯି৯֥ࢌၞބੀ๙,Ֆط֤෮ቆࡹ৳ૐ֥ြༀൌീൈࡗൌീᇛ௹Ӊॹ҆ඇൌീٓຶ۷ॖႨྟႨگᄖࡥֆၞႨ,ܼॖડቀӁಆളଁᇛ௹ြༀ৳ૐ֥ླ,ѩ๙ݖᄉᇅᄯิ܂֥ؓြༀࡓ॥a༢ࠢӮ֩ླཙႋקᇅ߄ॖᇂۿିᆦӻ,ିܔൌགྷᯒކaࣅᯒކ֩҂ྙൔ֥ླྀົೈࡱႮႨᆀົ,ೈ႗ࡱनႮิ܂ᆀቔٚൔb႗ࡱႮิ܂ᆀົົ,ѩॖෛൈ۷ྍ3 2 ᄉᇅᄯაຩ߄ᇅᄯڛༀࠢӮ๙ݖڛༀิ܂അิ܂๙ݖڛༀิ܂അิ܂֥ႮႿᄉᇅᄯ္൞ࡹ৫ᄝຩࠎԤᆭഈ,ՖܼၬЇࢤ१ࣉྛࠢӮٿል֥APIࣉྛࠢӮ
ֻ3௹ᅦ ਡ֩:ᄉᇅᄯࠣཌྷܱ༵ࣉᇅᄯଆൔٳ༅465(2)ASP与云制造་൬b୍࣍ট,ԮASPᆞٴٴཟࠎႿᄉ࠹ෘ֥(3)从制造能力服务化角度 ᄉᇅᄯࡼ ๙SaaSଆൔࣉྛശࠩބሇbᄉᇅᄯᄝڛༀᇕোaݖຩൌགྷഠ߶ളӁ ᆃ၂ᇙЇ֥ൌགྷbᄉᇅڛༀଆൔaႋႨٓຶࠣཌྷܱିඌ֩ٚ૫ؓᄯଆൔ఼טਔᇅᄯି৯֥ڛༀ߄ࠣοླႨ,֤ASPࣉྛਔຉᅚbࣇၛڛༀᇕোູ২,ᄉᇅᄯԢਔ۷؟ྙ֥ሧჷڛༀࣉೆ֞ᄉᇅᄯᇏ,ѩॖࠎࠎЧSaaSڛༀၛຓ,ߎЇওടࠣᇅᄯނྏြༀ֥۲Ⴟᄉᇅᄯࡹ৫ڛༀഠ,ࡼࠞնֹঔᅚഠ߶߄োڛༀႋႨ,ೂંᆣູڛༀ(Argumentationasaڛༀ֥܋ཚшࢸ,ູൌགྷടࠣ۷ܼٗြༀa۷گᄖService,AaaS)aഡ࠹ູڛༀ(DesignasaService,ༀ֥ᇙЇളӁิ܂ሧჷࠎԤbDaaS)aളӁࡆ۽ູڛༀ(FabricationasaService,(4)从业务协作角度 ᄉᇅᄯଆൔپڶਔᇙЇFaaS)aٟᆇູڛༀ(SimulationasaService,Si ြༀླྀቔ֥ۿି,ູᇙЇြༀݖӱ֥ླྀmaaS)ބࠢӮູڛༀ(IntegrationasaService,In ิ܂ᆦӻ,ೂࣜဒᆩ്֥ࠒaླྀြༀݖӱ֥ࡓ॥aaS)֩bॖၛुԛ,ᄝᄉᇅᄯଆൔุ༢ᇏ,SaaSᆺაࠢӮၛࠣປ֥ྐႨܙࠏᇅބࢌၞܿٓ,֩ࡼ൞ఃᇏ֥၂ᇕႋႨٚൔb֤ြༀླྀቔݖӱ۷ࡆૼ߄aࠢӮ߄ބࣚ༥߄,Ќ3 3 ᄉᇅᄯა૫ཟڛༀ֥ᇅᄯᆣᇙЇြༀܿٓaႵֹིषᅚ,ᇙЇଆൔ֥ᄝᇅᄉᇅᄯ൞૫ཟڛༀᇅᄯ֥၂ᇕุགྷ,๙ݖᄯြ֥ൌ࠽ႋႨބܼbӁაڛༀaᇅᄯაڛༀ֥ವކ,ൌགྷၛཟႨิ܂ህြ߄ࠣഠ߶߄֥ڛༀູଢ֥bᄉᇅᄯپڶਔ4 ࢲඏე૫ཟڛༀᇅᄯ֥ଽݤ,ೂ఼טਔᇅᄯି৯֥ڛༀ߄aᄉᇅᄯၛൌགྷૹࢮ߄aڛༀ߄aੳ߄ބᇆି߄ሧჷ֥οླႨࠣླྀ֩bIPS2აᇙЇളӁູᇗေଢѓ,൞ຩ߄ᇅᄯ֥၂ᇕྍؿᅚ,൞૫ཟڛቔູ૫ཟڛༀᇅᄯ֥սіྟႋႨଆൔ,ҧᇗׄ۲Ⴕༀᇅᄯ֥ऎุุགྷbᄉᇅᄯࢹਔၘႵ༵ࣉᇅ҂2,ೂIPSᇶေ൞ՖളӁ༢࢘؇ԛؿ,఼ט֥ᄯଆൔ֥Ӯݔ,ѩᄝaଆൔaቆᆮൌീaඌࡏܒ൞Ӂაڛༀ֥ۚ؇ࠢӮ;ᇙЇᄵ൞Ֆሧჷቆᆮٚ֩؟ٚ૫ࣉྛਔຉᅚbᄉᇅᄯ֥ཌྷܱ࣮ଢభಯൔ֥࢘؇টӂඍ֥,఼ט๙ݖ۷ܼ֥ٗഠ߶߄ڛༀԩႿఏ҄ࢨ؍,ᄝଆൔaඌࠣႋႨ֩۲۱ٚ૫,ൌགྷഠ߶ളӁ[1]bߎႵྸ؟Ⴕրധೆฐษ֥ज़,ีൈ္Ⴕሢܼখ֥ᄉᇅᄯᄝವކഈඍ૫ཟڛༀᇅᄯଆൔ༵ࣉනམؿᅚॢࡗbؓᄉᇅᄯ֥࣮ބႋႨࡼջᇅᄯြྐ֥ൈ,္ູIPS2ބᇙЇളӁ֩૫ཟڛༀᇅᄯଆൔ༏߄֥ؿᅚࣉೆ၂۱ྍ֥ൈսbི֥ۚൌགྷิ܂ਔپڶ֥ඌ൭؍ބ఼Ⴕ৯֥ᇁ྆ᆦӪ,ॖՖၛ༯ࠫ۱ٚ૫ٳ༅:ۋ྆ౢն࿐ߛсౢ࢝൱aᇗ౩ն࿐ႃӑ࢝൱(1)从服务集成角度 ᄝIPS2ႋႨൌീݖӱ֩ؓЧ໓ཌྷܱଽಸ֥܊ངbᇏ,ᄉᇅᄯଆൔູᇅᄯఒြൌགྷཟႨิ܂ۚᇉਈӁބህြ߄ڛༀิ܂ਔᆦӻ,ೂᄝӁંᆣaҕॉ໓ང:ഡ࠹ݖӱᇏ,ॖၛ০Ⴈᄉᇅᄯᇏپڶ֥ٟᆇڛ[1] :whythepowerofthecrowdisdriv ༀingthefutureofbusiness[M].London,UK:Crownbusiness,,Їওٟᆇೈࡱaൌა϶ൌٟᆇഡС,֩ؓႨႨӁ֥ݖӱࣉྛԉٳٟᆇაଆ,ѩၛՎট2009.טᆜӁ֥ളӁᇅᄯݖӱࠣਬࡱ֥࿊Ⴈ,ູ۷ݺ[2] MEIERH,ROYR, IPS2[J].CIRPAnnals ManufacturingTechnology,ֹิ܂Ӂ֥ު࿃ህြ߄ڛༀקࠎԤ,Ֆطิۚ2010,59(2):607 627.Ӂڛༀ֥ᄹᆴି৯b[3] LIBohu,ZHANGLin,WANGShilong,TAOFei, (2)从服务使用角度 ᄉᇅᄯ֤Ӂህြ߄oudmanufacturing:anewservice orientedmanufacturingmod ڛༀ֥ิ܂ބႨٚൔ۷ࡆьࢮbࠎႿᄉᇅᄯel[J].ComputerIntegratedManufacturingSystems,2010,16(1):1 7,16(inChinese).[ѵ,ᅦ ਡ,ൈ,ศ ٦,,ႨିܔοླႨ۲োڛༀ,๙ݖຩؓӁႨݖӱᇏ֥۲ᇕሑࣉྛൌൈࡓҩބ॥ᇅ,Ֆط֩.ᄉᇅᄯ!૫ཟڛༀ֥ຩ߄ᇅᄯྍଆൔ[J].࠹ෘࠏࠢӮᇅᄯ༢,2010,16(1):1 7,16.]֤۷؟֥ህြ߄ڛༀॖၛ๙ݖຩটൌགྷ,෪ࡨਔ[4] ZHANGLin,LUOYongliang,TAOFei,Ⴈڛༀ֥ӮЧ,ѩࡆॹਔႨؓۚඌӁ֥keytechnologiesfortheconstructionofmanufacturingcloud
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