Accounting Standard for Business Enterprises No. 22 -Recognition and measurement of
financial instruments
企业会计准则第 22 号——金融工具确认和计量
Chapter I General Principles
第一章 总则
Article 1 With a view to regulating the recognition and measurement of financial instruments, the
present Standards are formulated according to the Accounting Standards for Enterprises - Basic
Principles .
第一条 为了规范金融工具的确认和计量，根据《企业会计准则——基本准则》，制定本准
则。
Article 2 The term "financial instruments" refers to the contracts under which the financial assets
of an enterprise are formed and the financial liability or right instruments of any other entity are
formed.
第二条 金融工具，是指形成一个企业的金融资产，并形成其他单位的金融负债或权益工具
的合同。
Article 3 The term "derivative instruments" refers to the financial instruments or other contracts
which are involved in the present Standards and are characterized by the following:
(1) The values thereof varies with particular interest rates, prices of financial instruments, prices of
commodities, foreign exchange rates, price indexes, premium rate indexes, credit ratings, credit
indexes and other similar variables; if the variable is a non-financial variable, there shall not exist
any special relationship between such variable and any party to the contract;
(2) No initial net investment is required, or, as compared to contracts of other types that have
similar responses to the market changes, very little initial net investment is required;
(3) It is settled on a certain future date.
Derivative instruments shall include forward contracts, futures contracts, exchanges and options,
as well as the instruments that contain one or more of the characters of a forward contract, futures
contract, exchange or option.
第三条 衍生工具，是指本准则涉及的、具有下列特征的金融工具或其他合同：
（一）其价值随特定利率、金融工具价格、商品价格、汇率、价格指数、费率指数、信用等
级、信用指数或其他类似变量的变动而变动，变量为非金融变量的，该变量与合同的任一方
不存在特定关系；
（二）不要求初始净投资，或与对市场情况变化有类似反应的其他类型合同相比，要求很少
的初始净投资；
（三）在未来某一日期结算。
衍生工具包括远期合同、期货合同、互换和期权，以及具有远期合同、期货合同、互换和期
权中一种或一种以上特征的工具。
Article 4 The following items shall be subject to other relevant accounting standards:
(1) The long-term equity investments as regulated by the Accounting Standards for Enterprises No.
2 - Long-term Equity Investment shall be subject to the Accounting Standards for Enterprises No.
2 - Long-term Equity Investments;
(2) The share-based payments as regulated by the Accounting Standards for Enterprises No. 11 -
Share-based Payments shall be subject to the Accounting Standards for Enterprises No. 11 -
Share-based Payments;
(3) The recombination of debts shall be subject to the Accounting Standards for Enterprises No.
12 - Debt Recombination;
(4) The rights available from the settlement of anticipated debts shall be subject to the Accounting
Standards for Enterprises No. 13 - Contingencies;
(5) The contingent consideration contracts of the combining parties in business combinations shall
be subject to the Accounting Standards for Enterprises No. 2 -Business Combination;
(6) The rights and obligations involved in a lease shall be subject to the Accounting Standards for
Enterprises No. 21 - Leases;
(7) The transfer of financial assets shall be subject to the Accounting Standards for Enterprises No.
23 - Transfer of Financial Assets;
(8) Hedges shall be subject to the Accounting Standards for Enterprises No. 24 - Hedging;
(9) The rights and obligations involved in the original insurance contracts shall be subject to the
Accounting Standards for Enterprises No. 25 – Original Insurance Contracts;
(10) The rights and obligations involved in a re-insurance contract shall be subject to the
Accounting Standards for Enterprises No. 26 - Re-insurance Contracts;
(11) The equity instruments as issued by an enterprise shall be subject to the Accounting
Standards for Enterprises No. 37 - Presentation of Financial Instruments.
第四条 下列各项适用其他相关会计准则：
（一）由《企业会计准则第 2 号——长期股权投资》规范的长期股权投资，适用《企业会计
准则第 2 号——长期股权投资》。
（二）由《企业会计准则第 11 号——股份支付》规范的股份支付，适用《企业会计准则第
11 号——股份支付》。
（三）债务重组，适用《企业会计准则第 12 号——债务重组》。
（四）因清偿预计负债获得补偿的权利，适用《企业会计准则第 13 号——或有事项》。
（五）企业合并中合并方的或有对价合同，适用《企业会计准则第 20 号——企业合并》。
（六）租赁的权利和义务，适用《企业会计准则第 21 号——租赁》。
（七）金融资产转移，适用《企业会计准则第 23 号——金融资产转移》。
（八）套期保值，适用《企业会计准则第 24 号——套期保值》。
（九）原保险合同的权利和义务，适用《企业会计准则第 25 号——原保险合同》。
（十）再保险合同的权利和义务，适用《企业会计准则第 26 号——再保险合同》。
（十一）企业发行的权益工具，适用《企业会计准则第 37 号——金融工具列报》。
Article 5 The present Standards does not regulate the irrevocable credit commitments as made by
enterprises(., commitments to grant loans), with the exception of the following:
(1) the designated commitments to grant loans made to the financial liabilities which are measured
at their fair values, of which the variation is recorded into the profits and losses of the current
period;
(2) the commitments to grant loans which can be settled with the net amount of cash or by way of
exchange or by issuing any other financial instruments; and(3) the commitments to grant loans at
an interest rate which is lower than the market interest rate.
For the commitments to grant loans not regulated by the present Standards,the Accounting
Standards for Enterprises No. 13 - Contingencies shall apply.
第五条 本准则不涉及企业作出的不可撤销授信承诺（即贷款承诺）。但是，下列贷款承诺
除外：
（一）指定为以公允价值计量且其变动计入当期损益的金融负债的贷款承诺。
（二）能够以现金净额结算，或通过交换或发行其他金融工具结算的贷款承诺。
（三）以低于市场利率贷款的贷款承诺。
本准则不涉及的贷款承诺，适用《企业会计准则第 13 号——或有事项》。
Article 6 The present Standards does not regulate the contracts, which are concluded for the
stipulated purchase, sale or use, and, when the time becomes mature, non-financial items are
bought or sold as a performance of the contract.
However, the contracts which can be settled with cash or the net amount of other financial
instruments or can be bought or sold and settled by exchanging financial instruments shall be
subject to the present Standards.
第六条 本准则不涉及按照预定的购买、销售或使用要求所签订，并到期履约买入或卖出非
金融项目的合同。但是，能够以现金或其他金融工具净额结算，或通过交换金融工具结算的
买入或卖出非金融项目的合同，适用本准则。
Chapter II Classification of Financial Assets and Financial Liabilities
第二章 金融资产和金融负债的分类
Article 7 Financial assets shall be classified into the following four categories when they are
initially recognized:
(1) the financial assets which are measured at their fair values and the variation of which is
recorded into the profits and losses of the current period,including transactional financial assets
and the financial assets which are measured at their fair values and of which the variation is
included in the current profits and losses;
(2) the investments which will be held to their maturity;
(3) loans and the account receivables; and
(4) financial assets available for sale.
第七条 金融资产应当在初始确认时划分为下列四类：
（一）以公允价值计量且其变动计入当期损益的金融资产，包括交易性金融资产和指定为以
公允价值计量且其变动计入当期损益的金融资产；
（二）持有至到期投资；
（三）贷款和应收款项；
（四）可供出售金融资产。
Article 8 Financial liabilities shall be classified into the following two categories when they are
initially recognized:
(1) the financial liabilities which are measured at their fair values and of which the variation is
included in the current profits and losses, including transactional financial liabilities and the
designated financial liabilities which are measured at their fair values and of which the variation is
included in the current profits and losses; and
(2) other financial liabilities.
第八条 金融负债应当在初始确认时划分为下列两类：
（一）以公允价值计量且其变动计入当期损益的金融负债，包括交易性金融负债和指定为以
公允价值计量且其变动计入当期损益的金融负债；
（二）其他金融负债。
Article 9 The financial assets or liabilities meeting any of the following requirements shall be
classified as transactional financial assets or financial liabilities:
(1) The purpose to acquire the said financial assets or undertake the financial liabilities is mainly
for selling or repurchase of them in the near future;
(2) Forming a part of the identifiable combination of financial instruments which are managed in a
centralized way and for which there are objective evidences proving that the enterprise may
manage the combination by way of shortterm profit making in the near future;
(3) Being a derivative instrument, excluding the designated derivative instruments which are
effective hedging instruments, or derivative instruments to financial guarantee contracts, and the
derivative instruments which are connected with the equity instrument investments for which there
is no quoted price in the active market, whose fair value cannot be reliably measured, and which
shall be settled by delivering the said equity instruments.
第九条 金融资产或金融负债满足下列条件之一的，应当划分为交易性金融资产或金融负债：
（一）取得该金融资产或承担该金融负债的目的，主要是为了近期内出售或回购。
（二）属于进行集中管理的可辨认金融工具组合的一部分，且有客观证据表明企业近期采用
短期获利方式对该组合进行管理。
（三）属于衍生工具。但是，被指定且为有效套期工具的衍生工具、属于财务担保合同的衍
生工具、与在活跃市场中没有报价且其公允价值不能可靠计量的权益工具投资挂钩并须通过
交付该权益工具结算的衍生工具除外。
Article 10 Besides the provisions of Article 21 and 22 of the present Standards,only the financial
assets or financial liabilities meeting any of the following requirements can be designated, when
they are initially recognized, as financial assets or financial liabilities as measured at its fair value
and of which the variation is included in the current profits and losses:
(1) The designation is able to eliminate or obviously reduce the discrepancies in the recognition or
measurement of relevant gains or losses arisen from the different basis of measurement of the
financial assets or financial liabilities;
(2) The official written documents on risk management or investment strategies of the enterprise
concerned have recorded that the combination of said financial assets, the combination of said
financial liabilities, or the combination of said financial assets and financial liabilities will be
managed and evaluated on the basis of their fair values and be reported to the key management
personnel.
The equity investment instruments, for which there is no quoted price in the active market and
whose fair value cannot be reliably measured, shall not be designated as a financial asset which is
measured at its fair value and of which the variation is recorded into the profits and losses of the
current period.
The active market refers to the markets which are concurrently featured by the following:
(1) The objects of transaction in the market are homogeneous;
(2) Buyers and sellers are available at any time to undertake the transaction at their own free will;
and
(3) The pricing information of the market is open.
第十条 除本准则第二十一条和第二十二条的规定外，只有符合下列条件之一的金融资产或
金融负债，才可以在初始确认时指定为以公允价值计量且其变动计入当期损益的金融资产或
金融负债：
（一）该指定可以消除或明显减少由于该金融资产或金融负债的计量基础不同所导致的相
关利得或损失在确认或计量方面不一致的情况。
（二）企业风险管理或投资策略的正式书面文件已载明，该金融资产组合、该金融负债组合、
或该金融资产和金融负债组合，以公允价值为基础进行管理、评价并向关键管理人员报告。
在活跃市场中没有报价、公允价值不能可靠计量的权益工具投资，不得指定为以公允价值计
量且其变动计入当期损益的金融资产。
活跃市场，是指同时具有下列特征的市场：
（一）市场内交易的对象具有同质性；
（二）可随时找到自愿交易的买方和卖方；
（三）市场价格信息是公开的。
Article 11 The term "held-to-maturity investment" refers to a non-derivative financial asset with a
fixed date of maturity, a fixed or determinable amount of repo price and which the enterprise
holds for a definite purpose or the enterprise is able to hold until its maturity. The following
non-derivative financial assets shall not be classified as investments held to their maturity:
(1) the designated non-derivative financial assets which, at their initial recognition, are measured
at their fair values and of which the variation is included in the current profits and losses;
(2) the non-derivative financial assets which are designated as sellable at their initial recognition;
and
(3) loans and account receivables.
An enterprise shall, on the balance sheet date, make an appraisal on its purpose of holding and
ability to hold. Where there is any change, it shall be dealt with according to the present
Standards.
第十一条 持有至到期投资，是指到期日固定、回收金额固定或可确定，且企业有明确意图
和能力持有至到期的非衍生金融资产。下列非衍生金融资产不应当划分为持有至到期投资：
（一）初始确认时被指定为以公允价值计量且其变动计入当期损益的非衍生金融资产；
（二）初始确认时被指定为可供出售的非衍生金融资产；
（三）贷款和应收款项。
企业应当在资产负债表日对持有意图和能力进行评价。发生变化的，应当按照本准则有关规
定处理。
Article 12 Under any of the following circumstances, it shows that the enterprise concerned does
not have a clear intention to hold the financial asset investment until its maturity:
(1) The term for holding the financial assets is not definite;
(2) It will sell the financial assets when any of the following changes: the market interest rate, the
fluid demand, the substitutive investment opportunity or the investment returns ratio, the source
and condition of financing, or foreign exchange risk and etc., with the exception of the sale of the
financial assets which is caused by any uncontrollable and independent event which is anticipated
not to repeat and is difficult to be reasonably predicted;
(3) The issuer of the financial assets can settle it with a sum which is obviously lower than the
post-amortization cost;
(4) Any other circumstance which shows that the enterprise concerned does not have the clear
intention to hold the financial assets until its maturity.
第十二条 存在下列情况之一的，表明企业没有明确意图将金融资产投资持有至到期：
（一）持有该金融资产的期限不确定。
（二）发生市场利率变化、流动性需要变化、替代投资机会及其投资收益率变化、融资来源
和条件变化、外汇风险变化等情况时，将出售该金融资产。但是，无法控制、预期不会重复
发生且难以合理预计的独立事项引起的金融资产出售除外。
（三）该金融资产的发行方可以按照明显低于其摊余成本的金额清偿。
（四）其他表明企业没有明确意图将该金融资产持有至到期的情况。
Article 13 The post-amortization cost of a financial asset or financial liability refers to the
following result after adjustment of the initially recognized amount of the financial asset or
financial liability:
(1) after deducting the already paid principal;
(2) after plus or minus the accumulative amount of amortization incurred from amortizing the
balance between the initially recognized amount and the amount of the maturity date by adopting
the actual interest rate method; and
(3) after deducting the impairment losses that have actually incurred(only applicable to financial
assets).
第十三条 金融资产或金融负债的摊余成本，是指该金融资产或金融负债的初始确认金额经
下列调整后的结果：
（一）扣除已偿还的本金；
（二）加上或减去采用实际利率法将该初始确认金额与到期日金额之间的差额进行摊销形
成的累计摊销额；
（三）扣除已发生的减值损失（仅适用于金融资产）。
Article 14 The actual interest rate method refers to the method by which the postamortization
costs and the interest incomes of different installments or interest expenses are calculated in light
of the actual interest rates of the financial assets or financial liabilities(including a set of financial
assets or financial liabilities).
The actual interest rate refers to the interest rate adopted to cash the future cash flow of a financial
asset or financial liability within the predicted term of existence or within a shorter applicable
term into the current carrying amount of the financial asset or financial liability.
When the actual interest rate is determined, the future cash flow shall be predicted on the basis of
taking into account all the contractual provisions concerning the financial asset or financial
liability(including the right to repay the loan ahead of schedule, call options, similar options and
etc.), and the future credit losses shall not be taken into account.
The various fee charges, trading expenses, premiums or reduced values, etc., which are paid or
collected by the parties to a financial asset or financial liability contract and which form a part of
the actual interest rate, shall be taken into account in the determination of the actual interest rate.
Where the future cash flow or term of existence of a financial asset or financial liability cannot be
predicted reliably, the contractual cash flow of the financial asset or financial liability for the
whole term of the contract shall be taken into account.
第十四条 实际利率法，是指按照金融资产或金融负债（含一组金融资产或金融负债）的实
际利率计算其摊余成本及各期利息收入或利息费用的方法。
实际利率，是指将金融资产或金融负债在预期存续期间或适用的更短期间内的未来现金流量，
折现为该金融资产或金融负债当前账面价值所使用的利率。
在确定实际利率时，应当在考虑金融资产或金融负债所有合同条款（包括提前还款权、看涨
期权、类似期权等）的基础上预计未来现金流量，但不应当考虑未来信用损失。
金融资产或金融负债合同各方之间支付或收取的、属于实际利率组成部分的各项收费、交易
费用及溢价或折价等，应当在确定实际利率时予以考虑。金融资产或金融负债的未来现金流
量或存续期间无法可靠预计时，应当采用该金融资产或金融负债在整个合同期内的合同现金
流量。
Article 15 Under any of the following circumstances, it shows that the enterprise concerned is not
able to hold the fixed term financial asset investment until its maturity:
(1) Having no available financial resources to continuously provide funds to the financial asset
investment so as to hold the financial asset investment until its maturity;
(2) Being subject to the restriction of any law or administrative regulation so that it is hard for the
enterprise concerned to hold the financial asset investment until its maturity;
(3) Any other circumstance showing that the enterprise concerned is not able to hold the fixed
term financial asset investment until its maturity.
第十五条 存在下列情况之一的，表明企业没有能力将具有固定期限的金融资产投资持有至
到期：
（一）没有可利用的财务资源持续地为该金融资产投资提供资金支持，以使该金融资产投资
持有至到期。
（二）受法律、行政法规的限制，使企业难以将该金融资产投资持有至到期。
（三）其他表明企业没有能力将具有固定期限的金融资产投资持有至到期的情况。
Article 16 Where an enterprise sells its outstanding held-to-maturity investment within the current
accounting year or re-classifies it as the amount of sellable financial asset, and the such amount is
considerably large as compared with the amount before such investment is sold or re-classified,
the surplus of such investment shall be re-classified as a sellable financial asset which shall not be
classified as a held-to-maturity investment within the current accounting year and the following
two complete accounting years. However, the following circumstances shall be excluded:
(1) The date of sale or re-classification is quite near to the maturity date or the repo date of the
said investment(., within 3 months prior to maturity) that any change of the market interest rate
will produce little impact upon the fair value of the said investment;
(2) After almost all the initial principal of the investment has been drawn back by way of
repayment at fixed intervals or repayment ahead of schedule according to the provisions of the
contract, the remaining part of the investment will be sold or re-classified;
(3) The sale or re-classification is caused by any independent event that the enterprise cannot
control, is predicted not to occur again and is hard to be reasonably predicted. Such events mainly
include:
i. The held-to-maturity investment is sold due to the serious worsening of the credit situation of
the investee;
ii. The held-to-maturity investment is sold due to the fact that the relevant tax provisions have
canceled the relevant policies on the pre-tax credit of interest taxes against the held-to-maturity
investment or have remarkably reduced the pre-tax creditable amount;
iii. The held-to-maturity investment is sold due to any important business enterprise combination
or serious disposal so as to maintain the prevailing interest risk position or maintain the prevailing
credit risk policies;
iv. The held-to-maturity investment is sold due to any significant readjustment of laws or
administrative regulations on the scope of permitted investment or the amount of investment of
any particular investment product;
v. The held-to-maturity investment is sold due to the regulatory department’s demands for
significantly enhancing the fluidity of assets or significantly enhancing the risk weight of the
held-to-maturity investment in the calculation of capital adequacy ratio;
第十六条企业将尚未到期的某项持有至到期投资在本会计年度内出售或重分类为可供出售
金融资产的金额，相对于该类投资在出售或重分类前的总额较大时，应当将该类投资的剩余
部分重分类为可供出售金融资产，且在本会计年度及以后两个完整的会计年度内不得再将该
金融资产划分为持有至到期投资。但是，下列情况除外：
（一）出售日或重分类日距离该项投资到期日或赎回日较近（如到期前三个月内），市场利
率变化对该项投资的公允价值没有显著影响。
（二）根据合同约定的定期偿付或提前还款方式收回该投资几乎所有初始本金后，将剩余部
分予以出售或重分类。
（三）出售或重分类是由于企业无法控制、预期不会重复发生且难以合理预计的独立事项所
引起。此种情况主要包括：
1.因被投资单位信用状况严重恶化，将持有至到期投资予以出售；
2.因相关税收法规取消了持有至到期投资的利息税前可抵扣政策，或显著减少了税前可抵扣
金额，将持有至到期投资予以出售；
3.因发生重大企业合并或重大处置，为保持现行利率风险头寸或维持现行信用风险政策，将
持有至到期投资予以出售；
4.因法律、行政法规对允许投资的范围或特定投资品种的投资限额作出重大调整，将持有至
到期投资予以出售；
5.因监管部门要求大幅度提高资产流动性，或大幅度提高持有至到期投资在计算资本充足率
时的风险权重，将持有至到期投资予以出售。
Article 17 "Loans and accounts receivable" refers to the non-derivative financial assets for which
there is no quoted price in the active market and of which the repo amount is fixed or determinable.
An enterprise shall not classify any of the following non-derivative financial assets as a loan or
account receivable:
(1) the non-derivative financial assets which are to be sold immediately or in the near future;
(2) the non-derivative financial assets which are designated to be measured at their fair value
when they are initially recognized and of which the variation is recorded into the profits and losses
of the current period;
(3) the non-derivative financial assets which are designated as sellable when they are initially
recognized;
(4) the non-derivative financial assets whose holder finds it hard to take back almost all of the
initial investment due to any reason other than the worsening of the credit of the debtor.
The funds for securities investment and other similar funds as held by an enterprise shall not be
classified as a loan or account receivable.
第十七条 贷款和应收款项，是指在活跃市场中没有报价、回收金额固定或可确定的非衍生
金融资产。企业不应当将下列非衍生金融资产划分为贷款和应收款项：
（一）准备立即出售或在近期出售的非衍生金融资产。
（二）初始确认时被指定为以公允价值计量且其变动计入当期损益的非衍生金融资产。
（三）初始确认时被指定为可供出售的非衍生金融资产。
（四）因债务人信用恶化以外的原因，使持有方可能难以收回几乎所有初始投资的非衍生金
融资产。
企业所持证券投资基金或类似基金，不应当划分为贷款和应收款项。
Article 18 The "sellable financial assets" refers to the non-derivative financial assets which are
designated as sellable when they are initially recognized as well as the financial assets other than
those as described below:
(1) loans and accounts receivables;
(2) investments held until their maturity; and
(3) financial assets measured at their fair values and of which the variation is recorded into the
profits and losses of the current period.
第十八条 可供出售金融资产，是指初始确认时即被指定为可供出售的非衍生金融资产，以
及除下列各类资产以外的金融资产：
（一）贷款和应收款项。
（二）持有至到期投资。
（三）以公允价值计量且其变动计入当期损益的金融资产。
Article 19 An enterprise shall not, after classifying a financial asset or financial liability as a
financial asset or financial liability measured at its fair value and of which the variation is
recorded into the profits and losses of the current period when it is initially recognized, re-classify
it as any other type of financial assets or financial liabilities, nor may it re-classify any other type
of financial assets or financial liabilities as a financial asset or financial liability measured at its
fair value and of which the variation is recorded into the profits and losses of the current period.
第十九条 企业在初始确认时将某金融资产或某金融负债划分为以公允价值计量且其变动计
入当期损益的金融资产或金融负债后，不能重分类为其他类金融资产或金融负债；其他类金
融资产或金融负债也不能重分类为以公允价值计量且其变动计入当期损益的金融资产或金
融负债。
Chapter III Embedded Derivative Instruments
第三章 嵌入衍生工具
Article 20 An embedded derivative instrument shall refer to a derivative instrument which is
embedded into a non-derivative instrument(namely, the principal contract) so that some or all of
the cash flow of the mixed instrument changes with the change of particular interest rates, prices
of the financial instrument, prices of commodities, foreign exchange rates, pricing indexes,
premium rate indexes, credit ratings, credit indexes or other similar variables.
The embedded derivative instruments and the principal contract jointly form into a mixed
instrument, ., the convertible company bonds, etc.
第二十条嵌入衍生工具，是指嵌入到非衍生工具（即主合同）中，使混合工具的全部或部分
现金流量随特定利率、金融工具价格、商品价格、汇率、价格指数、费率指数、信用等级、
信用指数或其他类似变量的变动而变动的衍生工具。嵌入衍生工具与主合同构成混合工具，
如可转换公司债券等。
Article 21 An enterprise may designate a mixed instrument as a financial asset or financial
liability measured at its fair value and of which the variation is recorded into the profits and losses
of the current period, excepting those under the following circumstances:
(1) Where the embedded derivative instrument does not significantly change the cash flow of the
mixed instrument;
(2) Where the derivative instruments embedded in similar mixed instruments shall obviously not
be separated from the relevant mixed instruments.
第二十一条 企业可以将混合工具指定为以公允价值计量且其变动计入当期损益的金融资产
或金融负债。但是，下列情况除外：
（一）嵌入衍生工具对混合工具的现金流量没有重大改变。
（二）类似混合工具所嵌入的衍生工具，明显不应当从相关混合工具中分拆。
Article 22 Where a mixed instrument related to an embedded derivative instrument fails to be
designated as a financial asset or financial liability measured at its fair value and of which the
variation is included in the current profits and losses, and it can simultaneously meet the following
conditions, the embedded derivative instrument shall be separated from the mixed instrument and
treated as an independent derivative instrument:
(1) Where there is no close relationship between it and the principal contract in terms of economic
features and risks; and
(2) Where it shares the same conditions with that of the embedded derivative instrument, and the
independent instrument meets the requirements of the definition of derivative instrument.
Where it is impossible to make an independent measurement when it is obtained or subsequently
on the balance sheet date, the mixed instrument shall be designated entirely as a financial asset or
financial liability measured at its fair value and of which the variation is included in the current
profits and losses.
第二十二条 嵌入衍生工具相关的混合工具没有指定为以公允价值计量且其变动计入当期损
益的金融资产或金融负债，且同时满足下列条件的，该嵌入衍生工具应当从混合工具中分拆，
作为单独存在的衍生工具处理：
（一）与主合同在经济特征及风险方面不存在紧密关系；
（二）与嵌入衍生工具条件相同，单独存在的工具符合衍生工具定义。
无法在取得时或后续的资产负债表日对其进行单独计量的，应当将混合工具整体指定为以公
允价值计量且其变动计入当期损益的金融资产或金融负债。
Article 23 Where the principal contract is a financial instrument after the embedded derivative
instrument is separated from the mixed instrument according to the present Standard, it shall be
dealt with according to the present Standard; if the principal contract is a non-financial instrument,
it shall be dealt with according to other accounting standards.
第二十三条 嵌入衍生工具按照本准则规定从混合工具分拆后，主合同是金融工具的，应当
按照本准则有关规定处理；主合同是非金融工具的，应当按照其他会计准则的规定处理。
Chapter IV Recognition of Financial Instruments
第四章 金融工具确认
Article 24 When an enterprise becomes a party to a financial instrument, it shall recognize a
financial asset or financial liability.
第二十四条 企业成为金融工具合同的一方时，应当确认一项金融资产或金融负债。
Article 25 Where a financial asset satisfies any of the following requirements, the recognition of it
shall be terminated:
(1) Where the contractual rights for collecting the cash flow of the said financial asset are
terminated; or
(2) Where the said financial asset has been transferred and meets the conditions for recognizing
the termination of financial assets as provided for in Accounting Standards for Enterprises No. 23
- Transfer of Financial Assets.
The "termination of recognition" shall refer to the writing off the financial asset or financial
liability from the account or balance sheet of the enterprise concerned.
第二十五条 金融资产满足下列条件之一的，应当终止确认：
（一）收取该金融资产现金流量的合同权利终止。
（二）该金融资产已转移，且符合《企业会计准则第 23 号——金融资产转移》规定的金融
资产终止确认条件。
终止确认，是指将金融资产或金融负债从企业的账户和资产负债表内予以转销。
Article 26 Only when the prevailing obligations of a financial liability are relieved in all or in part
may the recognition of the financial liability be terminated in all or partly.
Where an enterprise transfers any of its assets used for repaying its financial liabilities into any
institution or to establish a trust, and the prevailing obligations to repay the liabilities remain to
exist, it shall not terminate the recognition of the said financial liability and the transferred
asset.
第二十六条 金融负债的现时义务全部或部分已经解除的，才能终止确认该金融负债或其一
部分。
企业将用于偿付金融负债的资产转入某个机构或设立信托，偿付债务的现时义务仍存在的，
不应当终止确认该金融负债，也不能终止确认转出的资产。
Article 27 Where an enterprise(debtor) enters into an agreement with a creditor so as to substitute
the existing financial liabilities by way of any new financial liability, and if the contractual
stipulations regarding the new financial liability is substantially different from that regarding the
existing financial liability, it shall terminate the recognition of the existing financial liability, and
shall at the same time recognize the new financial liability.
Where an enterprise makes substantial revisions to some or all of the contractual stipulations of
the existing financial liability, it shall terminated the recognition of the existing financial liability
or part of it, and at the same time recognize the financial liability after revising the contractual
stipulations as a new financial liability.
第二十七条 企业（债务人）与债权人之间签订协议，以承担新金融负债方式替换现存金融
负债，且新金融负债与现存金融负债的合同条款实质上不同的，应当终止确认现存金融负债，
并同时确认新金融负债。
企业对现存金融负债全部或部分的合同条款作出实质性修改的，应当终止确认现存金融负债
或其一部分，同时将修改条款后的金融负债确认为一项新金融负债。
Article 28 Where the recognition of a financial liability is totally or partially terminated, the
enterprise concerned shall include into the profits and losses of the current period the gap between
the carrying amount which has been terminated from recognition and the considerations it has
paid(including the non-cash assets it has transferred out and the new financial liabilities it has
assumed).
第二十八条 金融负债全部或部分终止确认的，企业应当将终止确认部分的账面价值与支付
的对价（包括转出的非现金资产或承担的新金融负债）之间的差额，计入当期损益。
Article 29 Where an enterprise buys back part of its financial liabilities, it shall distribute, on the
repo day, the carrying amount of the whole financial liabilities in light of the comparatively fair
value of the part that continues to be recognized and the part whose recognition has already been
terminated. The gap between the carrying amount which is distributed to the part whose
recognition has terminated and the considerations it has paid(including the noncash assets it has
transferred out and the new financial liabilities it has assumed) shall be recorded into the profits
and losses of the current period.
第二十九条 企业回购金融负债一部分的，应当在回购日按照继续确认部分和终止确认部分
的相对公允价值，将该金融负债整体的账面价值进行分配。分配给终止确认部分的账面价值
与支付的对价（包括转出的非现金资产或承担的新金融负债）之间的差额，计入当期损益。
Chapter V Measurement of Financial Instruments
第五章 金融工具计量
Article 30 The financial assets and financial liabilities initially recognized by an enterprise shall be
measured at their fair values. For the financial assets and liabilities measured at their fair values
and of which the variation is recorded into the profits and losses of the current period, the
transaction expenses thereof shall be directly recorded into the profits and losses of the current
period; for other categories of financial assets and financial liabilities, the transaction expenses
thereof shall be included into the initially recognized amount.
第三十条 企业初始确认金融资产或金融负债，应当按照公允价值计量。对于以公允价值计
量且其变动计入当期损益的金融资产或金融负债，相关交易费用应当直接计入当期损益；对
于其他类别的金融资产或金融负债，相关交易费用应当计入初始确认金额。
Article 31 The "transaction expenses" refers to the newly added external expenses attributable to
the purchase, distribution or disposal of a financial instrument.
The newly added external expenses refer to the expenses that will occur only when the enterprise
concerned purchases, distributes, or disposes of any financial instrument.
The transaction expenses include handing charges and commissions as well as other necessary
expenditures an enterprise pays to its agency institutions,consultation companies, securities
dealers and etc., but exclude the bond premiums, reduced values, financing expenses, internal
management costs, and other expenses that are not directly related to the transaction.
第三十一条 交易费用，是指可直接归属于购买、发行或处置金融工具新增的外部费用。新
增的外部费用，是指企业不购买、发行或处置金融工具就不会发生的费用。
交易费用包括支付给代理机构、咨询公司、券商等的手续费和佣金及其他必要支出，不包括
债券溢价、折价、融资费用、内部管理成本及其他与交易不直接相关的费用。
Article 32 An enterprise shall make subsequent measurement on its financial assets according to
their fair values, and may not deduct the transaction expenses that may occur when it disposes of
the said financial asset in the future. However,those under the following circumstances shall be
excluded:
(1) The investments held until their maturity, loans and accounts receivable shall be measured on
the basis of the post-amortization costs by adopting the actual interest rate method;
(2) The equity instrument investments for which there is no quotation in the active market and
whose fair value cannot be measured reliably, and the derivative financial assets which are
connected with the said equity instrument and must be settled by delivering the said equity
instrument shall be measured on the basis of their costs.
第三十二条 企业应当按照公允价值对金融资产进行后续计量，且不扣除将来处置该金融资
产时可能发生的交易费用。但是，下列情况除外：
（一）持有至到期投资以及贷款和应收款项，应当采用实际利率法，按摊余成本计量。
（二）在活跃市场中没有报价且其公允价值不能可靠计量的权益工具投资，以及与该权益工
具挂钩并须通过交付该权益工具结算的衍生金融资产，应当按照成本计量。
Article 33 An enterprise shall make subsequent measurement on its financial liabilities on the
basis of the post-amortization costs by adopting the actual interest rate method, with the exception
of those under the following circumstances:
(1) For the financial liabilities measured at their fair values and of which the variation is recorded
into the profits and losses of the current period, they shall be measured at their fair values, and
none of the transaction expenses may be deducted, which may occur when the financial liabilities
are settled in the future;
(2) For the derivative financial liabilities, which are connected to the equity instrument for which
there is no quotation in the active market and whose fair value cannot be reliably measured, and
which must be settled by delivering the equity instrument, they shall be measured on the basis of
their costs.
(3) For the financial guarantee contracts which are not designated as a financial liability measured
at its fair value and the variation thereof is recorded into the profits and losses of the current
period, and for the commitments to grant loans which are not designated to be measured at the fair
value and of which the variation is recorded into the profits and losses of the current period and
which will enjoy an interest rate lower than that of the market, a subsequent measurement shall be
made after they are initially recognized according to the higher one of the following:
i. the amount as determined according to the Accounting Standards for Enterprises No. 13 -
Contingencies; or
ii. the surplus after accumulative amortization as determined according to the principles of the
Accounting Standards for Enterprises No. 14 - Revenues is subtracted from the initially
recognized amount.
第三十三条 企业应当采用实际利率法，按摊余成本对金融负债进行后续计量。但是，下列
情况除外：
（一）以公允价值计量且其变动计入当期损益的金融负债，应当按照公允价值计量，且不扣
除将来结清金融负债时可能发生的交易费用。
（二）与在活跃市场中没有报价、公允价值不能可靠计量的权益工具挂钩并须通过交付该权
益工具结算的衍生金融负债，应当按照成本计量。
（三）不属于指定为以公允价值计量且其变动计入当期损益的金融负债的财务担保合同，或
没有指定为以公允价值计量且其变动计入当期损益并将以低于市场利率贷款的贷款承诺，应
当在初始确认后按照下列两项金额之中的较高者进行后续计量：
1.按照《企业会计准则第 13 号——或有事项》确定的金额；
2.初始确认金额扣除按照《企业会计准则第 14 号——收入》的原则确定的累计摊销额后的
余额。
Article 34 Where an enterprise has the intention of holding or the ability to make changes so that
an investment is no longer suitable to be classified as a heldto-maturity investment, the investment
shall be re-classified as a sellable financial asset, and a subsequent measurement shall be made at
it fair value. The balance between the carrying amount of the said investment at the
reclassification
day and the fair value shall be computed into the owner’s equity,and when the said sellable
financial asset is impaired or transferred out when it is terminated from recognizing, it shall be
recorded into the profits and losses of the current period.
第三十四条企业因持有意图或能力发生改变，使某项投资不再适合划分为持有至到期投资的，
应当将其重分类为可供出售金融资产，并以公允价值进行后续计量。重分类日，该投资的账
面价值与公允价值之间的差额计入所有者权益，在该可供出售金融资产发生减值或终止确认
时转出，计入当期损益。
Article 35 Where part of the held-to-maturity investment is sold or the reclassified amount thereof
is considerably large, and if it does not fall within any of the exceptions as described in Article 16,
so that the remainder of the said investment is no longer suitable to be classified as a
held-to-maturity investment, the enterprise shall re-classify the remainder of the said investment
as a sellable financial asset, and shall make subsequent measurement on it according to its fair
value. The gap between the carrying amount of the said remnant part of the investment at the
re-classification day and the fair value shall be computed into the owner’s equity. And when the
said sellable financial asset is impaired or transferred out when it is terminated from recognition, it
shall be recorded into the profits and losses of the current period.
第三十五条持有至到期投资部分出售或重分类的金额较大，且不属于第十六条所指的例外情
况，使该投资的剩余部分不再适合划分为持有至到期投资的，企业应当将该投资的剩余部分
重分类为可供出售金融资产，并以公允价值进行后续计量。重分类日，该投资剩余部分的账
面价值与其公允价值之间的差额计入所有者权益，在该可供出售金融资产发生减值或终止确
认时转出，计入当期损益。
Article 36 As for the financial assets and financial liabilities, which, according to the present
Accounting Standards, shall be measured at their fair values, but of which the prior fair values
cannot be measured reliably, the enterprise shall measure them at their fair values when their fair
values can be reliably measured, and the gap between the relevant carrying amount and the fair
value shall be dealt with according to Article 38 of the present Accounting Standards herein.
第三十六条 对按照本准则规定应当以公允价值计量，但以前公允价值不能可靠计量的金融
资产或金融负债，企业应当在其公允价值能够可靠计量时改按公允价值计量，相关账面价值
与公允价值之间的差额按照本准则第三十八条的规定处理。
Article 37 Where the intention of holding or the ability to hold changes, or the fair value can not
be reliably measured any more, or the term of holding has exceeded "two complete accounting
years" as described in Article 16 of the present Accounting Standards herein, which makes it no
longer suitable to measure the financial asset or financial liability at its fair value, the enterprise
concerned may measure the said financial asset or financial liability on the basis of its cost or
post-amortization cost. And such cost or post-amortization cost at the re-classification day shall be
the fair value or carrying amount of the financial asset or financial liability. The gains or losses
that are related to the said financial asset and that are directly included in the owner’s equity
shall be dealt with according to the following provisions:
(1) Where such financial asset has a fixed date of maturity, it shall be amortized within the
remaining period of the said financial asset by adopting the actual interest rate method and be
recorded into the profits and losses of the current period. The gap between the post-amortization
cost of the financial asset and the amount on the maturity date shall also be amortized within the
remaining period of the said financial asset by adopting the actual interest rate method and be
recorded into the profits and losses of the current period. If, during the subsequent accounting
period, the financial asset is impaired, the relevant profits and losses that were included in the
owner’s equity shall be transferred out and be recorded into the current profits and losses .
(2) Where such financial asset does not have a fixed date of maturity, it shall remain in the
owner’s equity. And when the said financial asset is transferred out at its disposal, it shall be
recorded into the profits and losses of the current period. Where such financial asset is impaired
during the remaining period of accounting that follows, the relevant profits and losses that were
included in the owner’s equity shall be transferred out and be recorded into the profits and losses
of the current period.
第三十七条因持有意图或能力发生改变，或公允价值不再能够可靠计量，或持有期限已超过
本准则第十六条所指“两个完整的会计年度”，使金融资产或金融负债不再适合按照公允价值
计量时，企业可以将该金融资产或金融负债改按成本或摊余成本计量，该成本或摊余成本为
重分类日该金融资产或金融负债的公允价值或账面价值。与该金融资产相关、原直接计入所
有者权益的利得或损失，应当按照下列规定处理：
（一）该金融资产有固定到期日的，应当在该金融资产的剩余期限内，采用实际利率法摊销，
计入当期损益。该金融资产的摊余成本与到期日金额之间的差额，也应当在该金融资产的剩
余期限内，采用实际利率法摊销，计入当期损益。该金融资产在随后的会计期间发生减值的，
原直接计入所有者权益的相关利得或损失，应当转出计入当期损益。
（二）该金融资产没有固定到期日的，仍应保留在所有者权益中，
在该金融资产被处置时转出，计入当期损益。该金融资产在随后的会计期间发生减值的，原
直接计入所有者权益的相关利得或损失，应当转出计入当期损益。
Article 38 The profits and losses arising from the change in the fair value of a financial asset or
financial liability shall be dealt with according to the following provisions, unless it is related to
hedging:
(1) The profits and losses, arising from the change in the fair value of the financial asset or
financial liability which is measured at its fair value and of which the variation is recorded into the
profits and losses of the current period, shall be recorded into the profits and losses of the current
period;
(2) The profits and losses arising from the change in the fair value of a sellable financial asset
shall be included directly in the owner’s equity with the exception of impairment losses and the
gap arising from foreign exchange conversion of cash financial assets in any foreign currency, and
when the said financial asset is stopped from recognition and is transferred out, it shall be
recorded into the profits and losses of the current period.
The gap arising from the foreign exchange conversion of a sellable cash financial asset in any
foreign currency shall be recorded into the profits and losses of the current period. The interests of
the sellable financial assets calculated according to the actual interest rate method shall be
recorded into the profits and losses of the current period. The cash dividends of the sellable equity
instrument investments shall be recorded into the profits and losses of the current period when the
investee announces the distribution of dividends.
The treatment of the profits and losses arising from the change in the fair value of a financial asset
or financial liability related to hedging shall be subject to the Accounting Standard for Enterprises
No. 24 - Hedging.
第三十八条 金融资产或金融负债公允价值变动形成的利得或损失，除与套期保值有关外，
应当按照下列规定处理：
（一）以公允价值计量且其变动计入当期损益的金融资产或金融负债公允价值变动形成的
利得或损失，应当计入当期损益。
（二）可供出售金融资产公允价值变动形成的利得或损失，除减值损失和外币货币性金融资
产形成的汇兑差额外，应当直接计入所有者权益，在该金融资产终止确认时转出，计入当期
损益。
可供出售外币货币性金融资产形成的汇兑差额，应当计入当期损益。采用实际利率法计算的
可供出售金融资产的利息，应当计入当期损益；可供出售权益工具投资的现金股利，应当在
被投资单位宣告发放股利时计入当期损益。
与套期保值有关的金融资产或金融负债公允价值变动形成的利得或损失的处理，适用《企业
会计准则第 24 号——套期保值》。
Article 39 For the financial assets and financial liabilities measured at the post-amortization costs,
the profits and losses that arise when such financial assets or financial liabilities are terminated
from recognition, or are impaired or amortized, shall be recorded into the profits and losses of the
current period. However, if a financial asset or financial liability is designated as an item of
hedging, the treatment of the relevant profits and losses shall be subject to the Accounting
Standard for Enterprises No. 24 - Hedging.
第三十九条 以摊余成本计量的金融资产或金融负债，在终止确认、发生减值或摊销时产生
的利得或损失，应当计入当期损益。但是，该金融资产或金融负债被指定为被套期项目的，
相关的利得或损失的处理，适用《企业会计准则第 24 号——套期保值》。
Chapter VI Impairment of Financial Assets
第六章 金融资产减值
Article 40 An enterprise shall carry out an inspection, on the balance sheet day, on the carrying
amount of the financial assets other than those measured at their fair values and of which the
variation is recorded into the profits and losses of the current period. Where there is any objective
evidence proving that such financial asset has been impaired, an impairment provision shall be
made.
第四十条 企业应当在资产负债表日对以公允价值计量且其变动计入当期损益的金融资产以
外的金融资产的账面价值进行检查，有客观证据表明该金融资产发生减值的，应当计提减值
准备。
Article 41 The expression "objective evidence proving that the financial asset has been impaired"
refers to the actually incurred events which, after the financial asset is initially recognized, have an
impact on the predicted future cash flow of the said financial asset that can be reliably measured
by the enterprise. The objective evidences that can prove the impairment of a financial asset shall
include:
(1) A serious financial difficulty occurs to the issuer or debtor;
(2) The debtor breaches any of the contractual stipulations, for example, fails to pay or delays the
payment of interests or the principal, etc.;
(3) The creditor makes any concession to the debtor which is in financial difficulties due to
economic or legal factors, etc.;
(4) The debtor will probably become bankrupt or carry out other financial reorganizations;
(5) The financial asset can no longer continue to be traded in the active market due to serious
financial difficulties of the issuer;
(6) It is impossible to identify whether the cash flow of a certain asset within a certain
combination of financial assets has decreased or not. But after making an overall appraisal
according to the public data available, it is found that the predicted future cash flow of the said
combination of financial assets has indeed decreased since it was initially recognized and such
decrease can be
measured, for example, the ability of the debtor of the said combination of financial assets
worsens gradually, the unemployment rate of the country or region where the debtor is situated
increases, the prices of the region where the guaranty is situated are obviously dropping, or the
industrial sector concerned is in slump, etc.;
(7) Any seriously disadvantageous change has occurred to technical, market, economic or legal
environment, etc. wherein the debtor operates its business, which makes the investor of an equity
instrument unable to take back its investment;
(8) Where the fair value of the equity instrument investment drops significantly or not
contemporarily;
(9) Other objective evidences showing the impairment of the financial asset.
第四十一条 表明金融资产发生减值的客观证据，是指金融资产初始确认后实际发生的、对
该金融资产的预计未来现金流量有影响，且企业能够对该影响进行可靠计量的事项。金融资
产发生减值的客观证据，包括下列各项：
（一）发行方或债务人发生严重财务困难；
（二）债务人违反了合同条款，如偿付利息或本金发生违约或逾期等；
（三）债权人出于经济或法律等方面因素的考虑，对发生财务困难的债务人作出让步；
（四）债务人很可能倒闭或进行其他财务重组；
（五）因发行方发生重大财务困难，该金融资产无法在活跃市场继续交易；
（六）无法辨认一组金融资产中的某项资产的现金流量是否已经减少，但根据公开的数据对
其进行总体评价后发现，该组金融资产自初始确认以来的预计未来现金流量确已减少且可计
量，如该组金融资产的债务人支付能力逐步恶化，或债务人所在国家或地区失业率提高、担
保物在其所在地区的价格明显下降、所处行业不景气等；
（七）债务人经营所处的技术、市场、经济或法律环境等发生重大不利变化，使权益工具投
资人可能无法收回投资成本；
（八）权益工具投资的公允价值发生严重或非暂时性下跌；
（九）其他表明金融资产发生减值的客观证据。
Article 42 Where a financial asset measured on the basis of post-amortization costs is impaired,
the carrying amount of the said financial asset shall be written down to the current value of the
predicted future cash flow(excluding the loss of future credits not yet occurred), and the amount as
written down shall be recognized as loss of the impairment of the asset and shall be recorded into
the profits and losses of the current period.
The current value of the predicted future cash flow shall be determined according to the
capitalization of the original actual interest rate of the said financial asset, taking into account the
value of the relevant guarantee(but the expenses arising from the acquisition or sale of the
guarantee shall be deducted). The original actual interest rate is the actual interest rate as
determined when the financial asset was initially recognized. With regard to the floating interest
rate loans, accounts receivable, and the investments held until their maturity, the current actual
interest rate as stipulated in the contract shall be adopted as the capitalization rate in the
calculation of current value of the cash flow.
Where there is a very small gap between the predicted future cash flow of a short-term account
receivable item and the current value thereof, the predicted future cash flow is not required to be
capitalized when determining the relevant impairment-related losses.
第四十二条 以摊余成本计量的金融资产发生减值时，应当将该金融资产的账面价值减记至
预计未来现金流量（不包括尚未发生的未来信用损失）现值，减记的金额确认为资产减值损
失，计入当期损益。
预计未来现金流量现值，应当按照该金融资产的原实际利率折现确定，并考虑相关担保物的
价值（取得和出售该担保物发生的费用应当予以扣除）。原实际利率是初始确认该金融资产
时计算确定的实际利率。对于浮动利率贷款、应收款项或持有至到期投资，在计算未来现金
流量现值时可采用合同规定的现行实际利率作为折现率。
短期应收款项的预计未来现金流量与其现值相差很小的，在确定相关减值损失时，可不对其
预计未来现金流量进行折现。
Article 43 An impairment test shall be made on the financial assets with significant single
amounts. If any objective evidence shows that it has been impaired, the impairment-related losses
shall be recognized and shall be recorded into the profits and losses of the current period. With
regard to the financial assets with insignificant single amounts, an independent impairment test
may be carried out, or they may be included in a combination of financial assets with similar
credit risk features so as to carry out an impairment-related test.
Where, upon independent test, the financial asset(including those financial assets with significant
single amounts and those with insignificant amounts) has not been impaired, it shall be included in
a combination of financial assets with similar risk features so as to conduct another impairment
test. The financial assets which have suffered from an impairment loss in any single amount shall
not
be included in any combination of financial assets with similar risk features for any impairment
test.
第四十三条 对单项金额重大的金融资产应当单独进行减值测试，如有客观证据表明其已发
生减值，应当确认减值损失，计入当期损益。对单项金额不重大的金融资产，可以单独进行
减值测试，或包括在具有类似信用风险特征的金融资产组合中进行减值测试。
单独测试未发生减值的金融资产（包括单项金额重大和不重大的金融资产），应当包括在具
有类似信用风险特征的金融资产组合中再进行减值测试。已单项确认减值损失的金融资产，
不应包括在具有类似信用风险特征的金融资产组合中进行减值测试。
Article 44 Where any financial asset measured on the basis of post-amortization costs is
recognized as having suffered from any impairment loss, if there is any objective evidence
proving that the value of the said financial asset has been restored, and it is objectively related to
the events that occur after such loss is recognized(., the credit rating of the debtor has been
elevated, etc.),
the impairment-related losses as originally recognized shall be reversed and be recorded into the
profits and losses of the current period. However, the reversed carrying amount shall not be any
more than the post-amortization costs of the said financial asset on the day of reverse under the
assumption that no provision is made for the impairment.
第四十四条对以摊余成本计量的金融资产确认减值损失后，如有客观证据表明该金融资产价
值已恢复，且客观上与确认该损失后发生的事项有关（如债务人的信用评级已提高等），原
确认的减值损失应当予以转回，计入当期损益。但是，该转回后的账面价值不应当超过假定
不计提减值准备情况下该金融资产在转回日的摊余成本。
Article 45 Where an equity instrument investment for which there is no quoted price in the active
market and whose fair value cannot be reliably measured, or a derivative financial asset which is
connected with the equity instrument and which must be settled by delivering the equity
instrument, suffers from any impairment, the gap between the carrying amount of the equity
instrument investment or the derivative financial asset and the current value of the future cash
flow of similar financial assets capitalized according to the returns ratio of the market at the same
time shall be recognized as impairment-related losses and be recorded into the profits and losses
of the current period.
第四十五条在活跃市场中没有报价且其公允价值不能可靠计量的权益工具投资，或与该权益
工具挂钩并须通过交付该权益工具结算的衍生金融资产发生减值时，应当将该权益工具投资
或衍生金融资产的账面价值，与按照类似金融资产当时市场收益率对未来现金流量折现确定
的现值之间的差额，确认为减值损失，计入当期损益。
Article 46 Where a sellable financial asset is impaired, even if the recognition of the financial
asset has not been terminated, the accumulative losses arising from the decrease of the fair value
of the owner’s equity which was directly included shall be transferred out and recorded into the
profits and losses of the current period. The accumulative losses that are transferred out shall be
the balance obtained from the initially obtained costs of the sold financial asset after deducting the
principals as taken back, the current fair value and the impairment-related losses as was recorded
into the profits and losses of the current period.
第四十六条可供出售金融资产发生减值时，即使该金融资产没有终止确认，原直接计入所有
者权益的因公允价值下降形成的累计损失，应当予以转出，计入当期损益。该转出的累计损
失，为可供出售金融资产的初始取得成本扣除已收回本金和已摊销金额、当前公允价值和原
已计入损益的减值损失后的余额。
Article 47 As for the sellable debt instruments whose impairment-related losses have been
recognized, if, within the accounting period thereafter, the fair value has risen and are objectively
related to the subsequent events that occur after the originally impairment-related losses were
recognized, the originally recognized impairment-related losses shall be reversed and be recorded
into the profits and losses of the current period.
第四十七条 对于已确认减值损失的可供出售债务工具，在随后的会计期间公允价值已上升
且客观上与确认原减值损失确认后发生的事项有关的，原确认的减值损失应当予以转回，计
入当期损益。
Article 48 The impairment-related losses incurred to a sellable equity instrument investment shall
not be reversed through profits and losses. However, the impairment-related losses incurred to an
equity instrument investment for which there is no quoted price in the active market and whose
fair value cannot be reliably measured, or incurred to a derivative financial asset which is
connected
with the said equity instrument and which shall be settled by delivering the said equity instrument,
may not be reversed.
第四十八条 可供出售权益工具投资发生的减值损失，不得通过损益转回。但是，在活跃市
场中没有报价且其公允价值不能可靠计量的权益工具投资，或与该权益工具挂钩并须通过交
付该权益工具结算的衍生金融资产发生的减值损失，不得转回。
Article 49 After an impairment of a financial asset, the interest incomes shall be recognized at the
interest rate which is used as the capitalization rate in the capitalization of the future cash flow
when the impairment-related losses are determined.
第四十九条 金融资产发生减值后，利息收入应当按照确定减值损失时对未来现金流量进行
折现采用的折现率作为利率计算确认。
Chapter VII Determination of the Fair Value
第七章 公允价值确定
Article 50 The "fair value" refers to the amount, at which both parties to a transaction who are
familiar with the condition exchange their assets or clear off their debts under fair conditions. In a
fair transaction, both parties to it shall be enterprises in continuous operation, and do not plan or
do not need to carry out any liquidation, significantly reduce their operational scale or carry out
transactions notwithstanding the unfavorable conditions they face.
第五十条 公允价值，是指在公平交易中，熟悉情况的交易双方自愿进行资产交换或者债务
清偿的金额。在公平交易中，交易双方应当是持续经营企业，不打算或不需要进行清算、重
大缩减经营规模，或在不利条件下仍进行交易。
Article 51 As for the financial assets or financial liabilities for which there is an active market, the
quoted prices in the active market shall be used to determine the fair values thereof. The quoted
prices in the active market refer to the prices, which are easily available from the stock exchanges,
brokers, industry associations, pricing service institutions and etc. at a fixed term, and which
represent the prices at which actually occurred market transactions are made under fair conditions.
(1) In the active market, the quoted prices of an enterprise for the financial assets it holds or the
financial liabilities it plans to assume shall be the present actual offer, while the quoted prices of
an enterprise for the financial assets it plans to acquire or the financial liabilities it has assumed
shall be the available charge.
(2) Where an enterprise holds the assets or liabilities that can be used to counteract the market
risks, it may adopt the middle price of the market to determine the fair value of the positions that
can counteract the risks of the market; meanwhile, the offer or charge shall be the basis for
determining the fair value of net exposure.
(3) Where there is no available offer or charge for a financial asset or financial liability, but there
is no any significant change to the economic environment after the latest transaction day, the
enterprise shall adopt the market quoted price of the latest transaction to determine the fair value
of the said financial asset or financial liability.
Where there is any significant change to the economic environment after the latest transaction day,
the enterprise concerned shall adjust its market quoted price of the latest transaction by referring
to the available prices or interest rates of similar financial assets or financial liabilities so as to
determine the fair value of the said financial asset or financial liability.
Where the enterprise has adequate evidences to prove that the market quoted price of the latest
transaction is not a fair value, it shall make appropriate adjustment to the market quoted price of
the latest transaction so as to determine the fair value of the said financial asset or financial
liability.
(4) The fair value of a combination of financial instruments shall be determined according to both
the number of the single financial instruments within the combination and the unit quoted price of
the market.
(5) The fair value of a current deposit shall not be lower than the amount the depositor shall pay
when it becomes drawable. The fair value of a deposit at notice shall not be lower than the current
value of the payable amount as of the first day it becomes drawable upon the request of the
depositor for draw.
第五十一条 存在活跃市场的金融资产或金融负债，活跃市场中的报价应当用于确定其公允
价值。活跃市场中的报价是指易于定期从交易所、经纪商、行业协会、定价服务机构等获得
的价格，且代表了在公平交易中实际发生的市场交易的价格。
（一）在活跃市场上，企业已持有的金融资产或拟承担的金融负债的报价，应当是现行出价；
企业拟购入的金融资产或已承担的金融负债的报价，应当是现行要价。
（二）企业持有可抵销市场风险的资产和负债时，可采用市场中间价确定可抵销市场风险头
寸的公允价值；同时，用出价或要价作为确定净敞口的公允价值。
（三）金融资产或金融负债没有现行出价或要价，但最近交易日后经济环境没有发生重大变
化的，企业应当采用最近交易的市场报价确定该金融资产或金融负债的公允价值。
最近交易日后经济环境发生了重大变化时，企业应当参考类似金融资产或金融负债的现行价
格或利率，调整最近交易的市场报价，以确定该金融资产或金融负债的公允价值。
企业有足够的证据表明最近交易的市场报价不是公允价值的，应当对最近交易的市场报价作
出适当调整，以确定该金融资产或金融负债的公允价值。
（四）金融工具组合的公允价值，应当根据该组合内单项金融工具的数量与单位市场报价共
同确定。
（五）活期存款的公允价值，应当不低于存款人可支取时应付的金额；通知存款的公允价值，
应当不低于存款人要求支取时应付金额从可支取的第一天起进行折现的现值。
Article 52 Where there is no active market for a financial instrument, the enterprise concerned
shall adopt value appraisal techniques to determine its fair value. The result obtained by adopting
value appraisal techniques shall be able to reflect the transaction prices that may be adopted in fair
dealings on the value appraisal day. The value appraisal techniques mainly include the prices
adopted by the parties, who are familiar with the condition, in the latest market transaction upon
their own free will, the current fair value obtained by referring to other financial instruments of the
same essential nature, the cash flow capitalization method and the option pricing model, etc.
To determine the fair value of a financial asset, an enterprise shall choose those value appraisal
techniques which are generally acknowledged by market participants and have been proved as
reliable by past actual transaction prices of the market:
(1) To determine the fair value of a financial asset by adopting value appraisal techniques, one
shall adopt, if possible, all the market parameters that are taken into account by market
participants in pricing financial instruments, including the risk-free interest rates, credit risks,
foreign exchange rates, commodity prices, stock prices or stock indexes, the future fluctuation rate
of financial instrument prices, risks of repayment ahead of schedule, the service costs of financial
assets or financial liabilities, etc.,and try its best to avoid adopting those parameters that relate to
particular
enterprises.
(2) An enterprise shall regularly use the open transaction prices of the financial instruments that
have never been revised or reorganized to rectify the value appraisal techniques it employs, and
test the effectiveness of the said value appraisal techniques.
(3) The transaction price of a financial instrument shall be the best evidence for initially
recognizing the fair value thereof. However, where there is any objective evidence showing that it
is more fair to adopt the open transaction price of identical financial instrument or it is more fair to
adopt the result determined by employing the value appraisal techniques that only take open
market parameters into account, it shall not take the transaction price as the fair value for its initial
recognition. Instead, it shall employ a more fair transaction price or the value appraisal result to
determine the fair value.
第五十二条金融工具不存在活跃市场的，企业应当采用估值技术确定其公允价值。采用估值
技术得出的结果，应当反映估值日在公平交易中可能采用的交易价格。估值技术包括参考熟
悉情况并自愿交易的各方最近进行的市场交易中使用的价格、参照实质上相同的其他金融工
具的当前公允价值、现金流量折现法和期权定价模型等。
企业应当选择市场参与者普遍认同，且被以往市场实际交易价格验证具有可靠性的估值技术
确定金融工具的公允价值：
（一）采用估值技术确定金融工具的公允价值时，应当尽可能使用市场参与者在金融工具定
价时考虑的所有市场参数，包括无风险利率、信用风险、外汇汇率、商品价格、股价或股价
指数、金融工具价格未来波动率、提前偿还风险、金融资产或金融负债的服务成本等，尽可
能不使用与企业特定相关的参数。
（二）企业应当定期使用没有经过修正或重新组合的金融工具公开交易价格校正所采用的
估值技术，并测试该估值技术的有效性。
（三）金融工具的交易价格应当作为其初始确认时的公允价值的最好证据，但有客观证据表
明相同金融工具公开交易价格更公允，或采用仅考虑公开市场参数的估值技术确定的结果更
公允的，不应当采用交易价格作为初始确认时的公允价值，而应当采用更公允的交易价格或
估值结果确定公允价值。
Article 53 As for the financial assets initially obtained or produced at source and the financial
liabilities assumed, the fair value thereof shall be determined on the basis of the transaction price
of the market.
The fair value of a liability instrument shall be determined on the basis of the market situation of
the day when it is acquired or issued and the current market situation, or the current market
interest rates of other similar liability instruments(namely, having a similar remaining period,
mode of cash flow,pricing currency, credit risks, basis of guarantee and interest rate, etc.).
Where the credit risks of the debtor and the applicable credit risk agios remain unchanged after the
issuance of the liability instrument, the benchmark interest rate may be adopted to estimate the
interest rate of the current market so as to determine the fair value of the liability instrument. If the
credit risks of the debtor and the corresponding risk agios have undergone any change after the
issuance of the liability instrument, the current prices or interest rates of similar liability
instruments shall be referred to and the adjustment to the differences between different financial
instruments shall be taken into consideration in the determination of the fair value of the liability
instrument.
第五十三条 初始取得或源生的金融资产或承担的金融负债，应当以市场交易价格作为确定
其公允价值的基础。
债务工具的公允价值，应当根据取得日或发行日的市场情况和当前市场情况，或其他类似债
务工具（即有类似的剩余期限、现金流量模式、标价币种、信用风险、担保和利率基础等）
的当前市场利率确定。
债务人的信用风险和适用的信用风险贴水在债务工具发行后没有改变的，可使用基准利率估
计当前市场利率确定债务工具的公允价值。债务人的信用风险和相应的信用风险贴水在债务
工具发行后发生改变的，应当参考类似债务工具的当前价格或利率，并考虑金融工具之间的
差异调整，确定债务工具的公允价值。
Article 54 Where an enterprise adopts the method of future cash flow capitalization to determine
the fair value of a financial instrument, it shall use the market returns ratio of other financial
instruments with essentially the same contractual stipulations and features as the rate of
capitalization. The stipulations and features of a financial instrument shall include the credit
quality of the financial instrument itself, the remaining period for calculating the interest at a fixed
interest rate as described in the contract, the remaining period for repaying the principal, and the
currency used at the time of payment and etc.
Where there is little difference between the current value of the short-term accounts receivable and
accounts payable whose interest rate has not been indicated and the actual transaction price, it may
be measured at the actual transaction price.
第五十四条企业采用未来现金流量折现法确定金融工具公允价值的，应当使用合同条款和特
征在实质上相同的其他金融工具的市场收益率作为折现率。金融工具的条款和特征，包括金
融工具本身的信用质量、合同规定采用固定利率计息的剩余期间、支付本金的剩余期间以及
支付时采用的货币等。
没有标明利率的短期应收款项和应付款项的现值与实际交易价格相差很小的，可以按照实际
交易价格计量。
Article 55 As for the equity instrument investments for which there is no quoted price in the active
market and the derivative instruments which are connected with the said equity instrument and
shall be settled by delivering the said equity instrument, the satisfaction of any of the following
circumstances will mean that the fair value thereof can be reliably measured:
(1) Where there is a very small range for the variation of the reasonable fair value estimate of the
said financial instrument;
(2) Where, within the range of variation of the said financial instrument, the various probabilities
adopted to determine the estimate of the fair values thereof can be reasonably determined.
第五十五条 在活跃市场中没有报价的权益工具投资，以及与该权益工具挂钩并须通过交付
该权益工具结算的衍生工具，满足下列条件之一的，表明其公允价值能够可靠计量：
（一）该金融工具公允价值合理估计数的变动区间很小。
（二）该金融工具公允价值变动区间内，各种用于确定公允价值估计数的概率能够合理地确
定。
Chapter VIII Definition of Financial Assets, Financial Liabilities and Equity Instruments
第八章 金融资产、金融负债和权益工具定义
Article 56 The "financial assets" refers to the following assets of an enterprise:
(1) cash;
(2) the equity instruments of other entities it holds;
(3) the cash it charged from other entities or the contractual rights to other financial assets it holds;
(4) the contractual rights it has obtained through the exchange of financial assets or financial
liabilities with other entities under potentially favorable conditions;
(5) the contractual rights to non-derivative instruments which must be settled or may be settled by
the enterprise with its own equity instruments in the future, whereby the enterprise will receive an
unfixed amount of equity instruments of its own according to the said contract;
(6) the contractual rights to non-derivative instruments which must be settled or may be settled by
the enterprise with its own equity instruments in the future, excluding the contractual rights to the
derivative instruments for which the enterprise will exchange for a fixed amount of its own equity
instruments with a fixed amount of cash or any other financial assets. Particularly, the enterprise’s
own equity instruments shall not include the contracts which are the basis for the enterprise to
charge or pay the equity instruments of its own.
第五十六条 金融资产，是指企业的下列资产：
（一）现金；
（二）持有的其他单位的权益工具；
（三）从其他单位收取现金或其他金融资产的合同权利；
（四）在潜在有利条件下，与其他单位交换金融资产或金融负债的合同权利；
（五）将来须用或可用企业自身权益工具进行结算的非衍生工具的合同权利，企业根据该合
同将收到非固定数量的自身权益工具；
（六）将来须用或可用企业自身权益工具进行结算的衍生工具的合同权利，但企业以固定金
额的现金或其他金融资产换取固定数量的自身权益工具的衍生工具合同权利除外。其中，企
业自身权益工具不包括本身就是在将来收取或支付企业自身权益工具的合同。
Article 57 The "financial liabilities" refers to the following liabilities of an enterprise:
(1) the contractual obligations to deliver cash or other financial assets to any other entity;
(2) the contractual obligations to exchange with other entity financial assets or financial liabilities
under potentially unfavorable conditions;
(3) the contractual obligations to non-derivative instruments which must be settled or may be
settled by the enterprise with its own equity instruments in the future, whereby the enterprise will
deliver an unfixed amount of equity instruments of its own according to the said contract;
(4) the contractual obligations to non-derivative instruments which must be settled or may be
settled by the enterprise with its own equity instruments in the future, excluding the contractual
obligations to the derivative instruments for which the enterprise will exchange for a fixed amount
of its own equity instruments with a fixed amount of cash or any other financial assets.
Particularly, the enterprise’s own equity instruments shall not include the contracts that are the
basis for the enterprise to charge or pay the equity instruments of its own.
第五十七条 金融负债，是指企业的下列负债：
（一）向其他单位交付现金或其他金融资产的合同义务；
（二）在潜在不利条件下，与其他单位交换金融资产或金融负债的合同义务；
（三）将来须用或可用企业自身权益工具进行结算的非衍生工具的合同义务，企业根据该合
同将交付非固定数量的自身权益工具；
（四）将来须用或可用企业自身权益工具进行结算的衍生工具的合同义务，但企业以固定金
额的现金或其他金融资产换取固定数量的自身权益工具的衍生工具合同义务除外。其中，企
业自身权益工具不包括本身就是在将来收取或支付企业自身权益工具的合同。
Article 58 The "equity instruments" refers to the contracts which can prove that a certain
enterprise holds the surplus equities of the assets after the deduction of all the debts.
第五十八条 权益工具，是指能证明拥有某个企业在扣除所有负债后的资产中的剩余权益的
合同。
